Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Buerger disease – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/buergers-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20350658

  W prawie każdym przypadku, gdy występuje choroba Buergera, pacjenci palili lub używali jakiejkolwiek formy tytoniu. Aby zapobiec chorobie Buergera, ważne jest, aby nie używać tytoniu. […] Rzucenie palenia może być trudne. Porozmawiaj z pracownikiem służby zdrowia o sposobach na rzucenie palenia.

• #2 Buerger disease // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/buerger-disease

  Niektórzy ludzie, którzy mają chorobę Buergera, prawie zawsze palą papierosy lub używają innych form tytoniu, takich jak tytoń do żucia. […] Aby zapobiec chorobie Buergera, ważne jest, aby nie używać tytoniu. […] Rzucenie palenia może być trudne. Porozmawiaj z pracownikiem służby zdrowia o sposobach rzucenia. […] Nie palenie tytoniu, wapowanie ani używanie marihuany. Nie palenie to najlepszy sposób na zapobieganie i zarządzanie chorobą Buergera.

• #3 Smoking and Buerger’s Disease | Overviews of Diseases/Conditions | Tips From Former Smokers | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/diseases/buergers-disease.html

  If you want to prevent getting Buergers disease, dont smoke cigarettes or use any other tobacco products. […] The only way to keep Buergers disease from getting worse is to stop using all tobacco products.

• #4 Buerger Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430858/

  Patients with Buerger disease must be advised again and again to quit all exposure to tobacco products and reassured that if they can quit tobacco use, the disease will go into remission and amputation could be avoided. […] Providers should educate patients that the level of tobacco avoidance that is required to achieve resolution of the disease often requires that they vehemently curtail the exposure to secondhand smoke as well. It can be very difficult for patients who share their space with another smoker therefore it is reasonable to refer such patients and their associates to multidisciplinary smoking quitting programs.

• #5 Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger Disease) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Cessation of Tobacco Use, Pharmacologic Therapy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/460027-treatment

  Absolute discontinuance of tobacco use is the only strategy proven to prevent the progression of TAO. Smoking as few as one or two cigarettes daily, using chewing tobacco, or even using nicotine replacements may keep the disease active. […] The following strategies are important for preventing complications from TAO: Use of well-fitting protective footwear to prevent foot trauma and thermal or chemical injury, Early and aggressive treatment of extremity injuries to protect against infections, Avoidance of cold environments, Avoidance of drugs that lead to vasoconstriction.

• #6 Treatment of Buerger disease (thromboangiitis obliterans) with bosentan: a case report

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3029416/

  Buerger disease (thromboangiitis obliterans) is a non-atherosclerotic segmental inflammatory disease strongly associated with tobacco use, and it affects small and medium-sized blood vessels in the upper and lower extremities. The only known treatment for this disease is complete discontinuation of tobacco use. […] Cessation of tobacco use is the only proven method of preventing disease progression and reducing amputation rates. […] The most effective therapeutic strategy in TAO is immediate cessation of tobacco use, as even modest tobacco use (including nicotine patches) can impair healing. […] This report has a limitation in that there is no diagnostic test to confirm the cessation of smoking, though the patient stated firmly that this was the case. It is very unlikely, but some patients with Buerger disease improve spontaneously even if they continue to smoke.

• #7 Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger Disease): Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology and Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/460027-overview

  Pharmacologic therapy is generally ineffective; abstinence from tobacco is the only measure known to prevent disease progression. […] Patients with TAO must be repeatedly advised to cease all use of or exposure to tobacco products (including chewing tobacco, nicotine patches and gums, and second-hand smoke) and reassured that if they are able to discontinue tobacco use, the disease will remit and amputation will be avoided. […] Physicians should counsel patients that the level of tobacco avoidance required to achieve resolution of their disease often necessitates that they rigorously limit their exposure even to secondhand smoke.

• #8 Buerger’s disease: Overview, symptoms, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/buergers-disease

  The main risk factor for Buergers disease is tobacco use. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), almost every person who experiences Buergers disease uses some form of tobacco product. […] There is no direct cure for Buergers disease, but evidence shows that the outcome is generally positive when people with the condition stop smoking. […] The outlook is generally positive for people who stop smoking or chewing tobacco after symptoms appear. […] People should speak with a doctor to discuss ways to quit smoking and prevent Buergers disease symptoms from progressing. […] The main treatment is for a person to eliminate all forms of tobacco and nicotine from the system.

• #9 Buerger’s Disease (Thromboangiitis Obliterans): Symptoms, Causes, Tests, Treatment, and More

  https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/what-is-buergers-disease

  Theres no cure for Buergers disease. Almost everyone who gets it uses tobacco, including cigarettes, cigars, chewing tobacco, and snuff. Quitting can make the symptoms improve or go away completely. If you dont quit, you might have severe tissue damage. You could even lose your fingers, toes, or parts of your limbs. […] Quitting tobacco is the only way to limit the effects of Buergers disease. Even a few cigarettes a day can make it worse. […] Your outlook depends on whether you quit tobacco. Of patients who keep using it, about 43% will have an amputation within 8 years of diagnosis. Of those who quit, about 6% have an amputation. That percentage is close to 0 in people who are diagnosed early on. […] If youre having a hard time quitting, talk to your doctor about programs that might help.

• #10 Vascular Treatment for Buerger’s Disease – Evansville Surgical Associates

  https://www.evansvillesurgical.com/vascular-treatment-for-buergers-disease/

  Buergers disease mainly affects young male smokers. It causes inflammation and blockage of blood vessels, leading to pain and potential tissue death. Key treatments include smoking cessation, medications for symptom management, and, in severe cases, surgical interventions. The prognosis improves significantly with quitting tobacco. […] The primary non-surgical treatment for Buergers disease is smoking cessation. Quitting all forms of tobacco, including cigarettes, cigars, chewing tobacco, and even e-cigarettes, is crucial as its the only proven way to prevent disease progression. Patients who continue to smoke have a much higher risk of amputation compared to those who quit. […] The long-term outlook for Buergers disease largely depends on your ability to quit tobacco use completely. Patients who stop using tobacco have a significantly better prognosis, with about 94% avoiding amputation. Those who quit before the disease progresses to critical limb ischemia have an amputation rate close to zero. […] With proper management and lifestyle changes, many patients can achieve disease remission and avoid severe complications like amputation.

• #11 Buerger disease – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/buergers-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350664

  There’s no cure for Buerger disease. The only proven treatment for Buerger disease is to quit using all tobacco products. Even one cigarette a day can make the disease worse. This includes using electronic cigarettes, vaping and using marijuana. […] Do not smoke tobacco, vape or use marijuana. Not smoking is the best way to prevent and manage Buerger disease. Also avoid vaping, e-cigarettes and marijuana. It’s also important to stay away from smoke from all burning tobacco products and the smoke a tobacco user breathes out. This type of smoke is called secondhand smoke. Any amount of secondhand smoke is bad for the heart and blood vessels. […] To improve symptoms of Buerger disease and prevent complications, take the following steps: Regular exercise helps improve blood flow. With your provider’s OK, aim for 30 to 60 minutes of physical activity most days of the week. Talk to your health care provider about the amount and type of exercise that’s best for you.

• #12 Buerger’s Disease: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21680-buergers-disease

  Quitting smoking is the best way to make symptoms better. […] To avoid getting Buergers disease, dont smoke or use tobacco of any kind. You should avoid nicotine patches and marijuana as well. […] The best thing you can do is to stop using any type of tobacco to keep Buergers disease from getting worse. You should also avoid nicotine patches and marijuana, as these may allow Buergers disease to continue or worsen. […] Most people with Buergers disease get relief from their symptoms when they stop smoking. Ask your provider to help you quit smoking so you can feel better.

• #13

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=ace1621

  Stopping tobacco use is the only treatment that can relieve symptoms and keep the disease from getting worse. It can also lower the chance that tissue will be very damaged and need to be removed. […] Don’t smoke or use any other forms of tobacco. Tobacco can make the disease worse. If you need help quitting, talk to your doctor about stop-smoking programs and medicines. These can increase your chances of quitting for good. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line (811 in most provinces and territories) if you are having problems. It’s also a good idea to know your test results and keep a list of the medicines you take.

• #14 Buerger’s disease medical therapy – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Buerger%27s_disease_medical_therapy

  There is no treatment for Buerger’s disease. In order to prevent progression and control symptoms, smoking cessation is crucial. Smoking cessation does not reverse damage already caused. […] Smoking cessation is crucial to the management of Buerger’s disease. Not only does smoking cessation halt progression but also controls pain symptoms and decreases the risk of amputation. […] Complete abstinence from smoking is a must as Buerger’s disease in susceptible individuals can be triggered by a single cigarette. […] Any anti-smoking aid containing nicotine such as transdermal patches or gum must be avoided as they may also trigger the disease. […] Previous studies have demonstrated that only 50% of patients with Buerger’s disease are able to quit smoking. In these patients, nicotine dependence treatment may be sought.

• #15 Buerger’s disease

  https://www.mymlc.com/health-information/diseases-and-conditions/b/buergers-disease/

  Quit using tobacco in any form. Virtually everyone who has Buerger’s disease has used tobacco in some form, most prominently cigarettes. To prevent Buerger’s disease, it’s important to not use tobacco. […] Quitting smoking can be hard. If you’re like most people who smoke, you’ve probably tried to quit in the past. It’s never too late to try again. Talk to your doctor about strategies to help you quit. […] Although no treatment can cure Buerger’s disease, the most effective way to halt the disease’s progress is to quit using all tobacco products. Even a few cigarettes a day can worsen the disease. […] Another option is a residential smoking cessation program. In these programs, you stay at a treatment facility, sometimes a hospital, for a set number of days or weeks. During that time you participate in daily counseling sessions and other activities to help you deal with the cravings for cigarettes and to help you learn to live tobacco-free. […] To prevent Buerger’s disease, it’s important to not use tobacco. […] Avoiding other people’s smoke. In addition to not smoking yourself, it’s important to avoid secondhand smoke too.

• #16 Buerger’s disease primary prevention – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Buerger%27s_disease_primary_prevention

  An effective measure for the primary prevention of Buerger’s disease is smoking cessation. This should include complete abstinence without the use of nicotine-containing anti-smoking aids, such as transdermal patches and gum. However, the use of bupropion and varenicline for preventing cravings is permissible. […] An effective measure for the primary prevention of Buerger’s disease is smoking cessation. […] This should include complete abstinence without the use of nicotine-containing anti-smoking aids, such as transdermal patches and gum. However, the use of bupropion and varenicline for preventing cravings is permissible.

• #17 Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger’s Disease)

  https://www.acc.org/Latest-in-Cardiology/Articles/2019/10/21/15/05/Thromboangiitis-Obliterans

  Tobacco Cessation: Complete cessation of all tobacco products is the mainstay of treatment. […] Trigger Avoidance: In additional to smoking cessation, patients should be educated on proper skin hygiene, daily foot checks, and proper footwear (to avoid trauma/rubbing). Avoiding cold exposures, as well as thermal, chemical or mechanical injury is important in preventing ulceration. Drugs that can cause peripheral vasoconstriction should be avoided.

• #18 Thromboangiitis Obliterans – Heart and Blood Vessel Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/peripheral-arterial-disease/thromboangiitis-obliterans

  Stopping smoking is the most important part of treatment. […] Stopping smoking immediately is essential, or symptoms will relentlessly worsen. Amputation is then likely to become necessary. […] Avoiding exposure to cold, which causes blood vessels to narrow (constrict) is helpful. […] Avoiding certain drugs and medications is also helpful. Drugs and medications to avoid include those that cause blood vessels to constrict (such as ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, or phenylephrine, which are components of some sinus congestion and cold remedies), cocaine and amphetamines, and those that increase the tendency of blood to clot (such as estrogen in birth control pills or hormone replacement therapy). […] Preventing injury to the affected leg or arm is important. People should take care to avoid burns and injuries due to cold or minor surgery (such as trimming calluses). Corns and calluses should be treated by a podiatrist. Wearing shoes that fit well and have wide toe spaces can help prevent injury to the feet.

• #19

  https://vimvigr.com/blogs/our-blog/buergers-disease-treatment?srsltid=AfmBOopZv2_yHBZ8qSjOWt2OOalWbgIIxkMzkWtDr-v13bspzHGh9L5o

  The Center for Disease Control and Prevention believes that use of tobacco products is the primary cause for Buergers disease. […] Doctors regularly prescribe compression socks to those recovering from surgery (especially those who are bed-ridden) for this reason. […] For Buergers disease patients, compression can stimulate blood flow and may minimize the risk of blood clots forming. […] Wearing compression socks is a convenient and simple solution to help reduce the symptoms of Buergers disease that you can implement in your everyday life. […] Quitting smoking is the key Buergers disease treatment that patients should perform, according to the Mayo Clinic. […] Exercising is excellent for improving blood flow, so aiming for 30 to 60 minutes of physical activity several times a week can make a positive difference.

• #20 Buerger’s Disease | CommonSpirit Health

  https://www.commonspirit.org/conditions-treatments/buergers-disease

  Stopping tobacco use is the only treatment that can relieve symptoms and keep the disease from getting worse. It can also lower the chance that tissue will be very damaged and need to be removed. […] Don’t smoke or use any other forms of tobacco. Tobacco can make the disease worse. If you need help quitting, talk to your doctor about stop-smoking programs and medicines. These can increase your chances of quitting for good. […] If your doctor recommends it, get more exercise. This may improve blood flow. Walking is a good choice. Bit by bit, increase the amount you walk every day. Try for at least 30 minutes on most days of the week. […] Take good care of your hands and feet. […] Don’t sit or stand for long periods. […] Don’t cross your legs when you sit or lie down. […] Avoid caffeine if your doctor recommends it. Caffeine can make your blood vessels narrow.

• #21 Buerger’s Disease | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/care/surgery/services/vascular-surgery/conditions/arterial-conditions/buergers-disease

  Buerger’s disease can affect people of any age or race, though it mostly happens to Asian and Middle Eastern men who are between the ages of 40 and 45 and who have been heavy tobacco users. […] The first—and most important—step is to stop using any tobacco products. […] Other treatment approaches include: Medication can expand blood vessels, improve blood flow, or dissolve blood clots. […] Drinking fluids and staying active can increase your blood circulation. […] Compressing your arms and legs intermittently can increase blood flow to them. […] Stimulating your spinal cord can sometimes increase blood flow to your extremities. […] Surgery can cut nerves to the affected areas (sympathectomy), which can control pain and increase blood circulation.

• #22 Buerger’s Disease Doctor Mumbai, Buerger’s Disease Treatment

  https://www.drpankajpatel.com/buergers-disease.html

  Buerger’s disease can be mimicked by a wide variety of other diseases that cause diminished blood flow to the extremities. […] the treatments may differ substantially from that of Buerger’s Disease (for Buerger’s, there is only one treatment known to be effective: complete smoking cessation – see below). […] The cornerstone of treatment is to stop smoking completely. […] Abstain from tobacco use in all forms. […] Avoid drugs which constrict the blood vessels. […] Avoid injury from heat or cold. […] Avoid tight or restrictive clothing. […] Avoid sitting or standing in one position for long periods. […] Avoid walking barefoot in order to avoid injury. […] Wear properly fitting shoes and stockings. […] Avoid minor surgery of the toes unless performed by experienced surgeons. […] Seek treatment for fungal infections immediately. […] Report all injuries to your family care physician for appropriate treatment.

• #23 Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger’s disease) | Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases | Full Text

  https://ojrd.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1750-1172-1-14

  The most effective treatment for Buerger’s disease is smoking cessation. It is therefore essential that patients diagnosed with Buerger’s disease stop smoking immediately and completely in order to prevent progression of the disease and avoid amputation. […] Even smoking one or two cigarettes per day or using smokeless tobacco (chewing tobacco or using nicotine-containing patches) may keep the disease active. […] Physicians must educate and counsel their patients repeatedly about the importance of discontinuing the use of all tobacco products. […] Despite the very strong correlation between smoking cessation and the decline of clinical manifestations of TAO, patients may continue to have claudication or Raynaud’s phenomenon after complete cessation of tobacco usage. […] Supportive care should be directed towards maximizing blood supply to the affected limbs. Care should be taken to avoid thermal, chemical or mechanical injury, especially from poorly fitting footwear or minor surgery of digits, as well as fungal infection.

• #24 Diet Tips Plan for Buerger’s Patients – Stem Cell Care India Home

  https://www.stemcellcareindia.com/diet-tips-for-buergers-patient/

  Buerger’s Disease also known as thromboangiitis obliterans is characterized by the rare condition often seen in those who smoke. According to the given picture of this condition it affects the blood vessels of your arms, legs, fingers, and toes. The inflammation in the blood vessels makes it difficult for the blood to flow through them and it results in blood clots that create obstacles inside the blood vessels. […] However, as per our experts at Stem Cell Care India a leading stem cell therapy center in India, a healthy ad proper diet can help your overall health and can manage the symptoms of the condition. […] We’re listing some suggestions to prevent your Buerger’s disease. […] To lower the risk of Buerger’s disease, you should quit smoking: Quitting smoking is one of the foremost steps that you can take as smoking is highly connected to Buerger’s disease. It’s essential to eliminate all tobacco products that you use.

• #25 Diet Tips Plan for Buerger’s Patients – Stem Cell Care India Home

  https://www.stemcellcareindia.com/diet-tips-for-buergers-patient/

  Elevate the intake of fiber in your diet: Always remember to opt for high-fiber foods such as whole grains, legumes, vegetables, and fruits. Consuming high-fiber foods can support you maintain your healthy blood cholesterol levels and digestive health. […] Keep your body hydrated: Maintain regular and proper hydration and support your overall cardiovascular health by drinking plenty of water throughout the day. […] Look at your amount of sodium intake: You should avoid food choices that often come with high sodium such as fast food, canned soups and processed foods. […] Include omega-3 fatty acids options: Omega-3 fatty acids have anti-inflammatory properties that can help reduce symptoms of certain chronic diseases, such as Buerger’s disease, which is caused by inflammation of the blood vessels. Omega-3-rich foods include salmon, mackerel, herring, sardines, and walnuts.

• #26 Diet Tips Plan for Buerger’s Patients – Stem Cell Care India Home

  https://www.stemcellcareindia.com/diet-tips-for-buergers-patient/

  Garlic: Garlic contains anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compounds that can help reduce inflammation and free-radical damage to the body. […] Learn to manage a balanced diet: When striving for good nutrition, prioritize a diet that contains an abundance of nutritious foods. Focus on consuming a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats. […] Decrease the consumption of trans and saturated fats: Saturated and trans types of fats can hand out to arterial plaque formation. Avoid the intake of fried foods, processed snacks, fatty meats and bakes good goods which are mainly or partially made with hydrogenated oils. […] Opt for heart-healthy fats: Including avocados, nuts, seeds, and fatty fish like tuna or salmon can help reduce inflammation. […] However, if you’re condition is severe, it is essential to talk to a healthcare professional for personalized advice according to one’s specific condition and medical history, even though these tips are simply general guidelines. You can also consult our specialist at stem cell therapy hospital India for more clarifications.

• #27 Buerger’s disease: providing integrated care | JMDH

  https://www.dovepress.com/buergerrsquos-disease-providing-integrated-care-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-JMDH

  The most important therapeutic intervention in Buergers disease is smoking cessation. Its overwhelming effect for the prevention of consecutive limb amputation was impressively shown. Patients with TAO should be prevented not only from active smoking but also from alternative consumption mode and passive exposure. […] To achieve better clinical results, integrated care in multidisciplinary and trans-sectoral teams with emphasis on smoking cessation, pain control, wound management, and social care by professionals, social workers, and family members is necessary.

• #28 Learning About Buerger’s Disease (Thromboangiitis Obliterans) | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.learning-about-buerger’s-disease-thromboangiitis-obliterans.ace1621

  Smoking tobacco and using other forms of tobacco can lead to Buerger’s disease. Almost all of the people who have this problem smoke or use tobacco. […] Stopping tobacco use is the only treatment that can relieve symptoms and keep the disease from getting worse. It can also lower the chance that tissue will be very damaged and need to be removed. […] Don’t smoke or use any other forms of tobacco. Tobacco can make the disease worse. If you need help quitting, talk to your doctor about stop-smoking programs and medicines. These can increase your chances of quitting for good. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor if you are having problems. It’s also a good idea to know your test results and keep a list of the medicines you take.

• #29 Buerger’s disease – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/1148

  Best outcomes are associated with smoking cessation. […] Stopping smoking.

• #30 Buergers Disease – Vasculitis UK

  https://www.vasculitis.org.uk/about-vasculitis/buergers-disease

  It is essential that people affected with Buergers Disease stop smoking completely and immediately. Continued smoking or use of other forms of tobacco, even small amounts, increases the risk of losing fingers, toes or limbs due to necessary amputation. […] Good with correct treatment and complete cessation of smoking and tobacco use. […] The most important treatment is stopping smoking.

• #31 Buerger Disease: In-depth Understanding and Management Guide – Longmore Clinic

  https://longmoreclinic.org/buerger-disease-in-depth-understanding-and-management-guide/

  Buerger disease is a non-atherosclerotic, segmental inflammatory pathology that primarily affects the small and medium-sized arteries, veins, and nerves in the extremities. […] The most critical step in treating Buerger disease is to stop all forms of tobacco consumption. This can halt disease progression and prevent complications. […] Beyond tobacco cessation, managing stress, maintaining optimal foot hygiene, avoiding injuries, and staying away from cold environments can prevent exacerbations. […] With strict abstinence from tobacco, the prognosis can be favorable. However, continued tobacco usage can escalate the diseases progression and severity.

• #32 Stem Cell Therapy for Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger’s Disease)

  https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/8/11/1408

  If TAO patients are left untreated, the disease is likely to progress to amputation. All patients with TAO are advised to stop smoking and avoid second-hand smoke exposure. […] However, cessation does not completely prevent disease development and progression. Proper foot care is essential to monitor for and treat ischemic ulceration. Often emollient skin cream is helpful to prevent fissure formation. […] Studies have revealed that paracrine factors secreted by UC-MSC stimulate angiogenesis. A preclinical study has shown that UC-MSC therapy is better than BM-MSC transplantation in improving angiogenesis in an ischemic limb disease (ILD) mouse model. […] Thus, it is still strongly advisable to encourage TAO patients to completely eliminate nicotine from their daily habits.

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