Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Buerger’s Disease Nursing Care Plan & Management – RNpedia

  https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/medical-surgical-nursing-notes/buergers-disease/

  Buergers disease occurs most often in men between 20 and 35 years of age, and it has been reported in all races and in many areas of the world. […] Main objectives are to improve circulation to the extremities, prevent the progression of the disease, and protect the extremities from trauma and infection. […] Patient teaching, instruct the patient to do the following several times a day: Lie flat on a bed with both legs elevated above the level of the heart for two to three minutes. […] Provide for ulcer debridement and healing. […] The patient is encouraged to make the lifestyle changes necessitated by the onset of a chronic disease, including pain management and modifications in diet, activity, and hygiene (skin care). […] Provide information to patients about the disease. […] Emphasize the importance of stopping smoking, provide information on local clinics / support group. […] Describe the action procedure to be performed. […] Reassure the patient that the action to be performed is the best course of action.

• #2 Buerger’s disease: providing integrated care

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5067065/

  Buergers disease, also known as thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO), is a segmental inflammatory disease affecting small- and medium-sized vessels, which is strongly associated with tobacco use. […] The most important therapeutic intervention is smoking cessations and intravenous prostanoid infusions (iloprost). […] Furthermore, effective analgesia is crucial for the treatment of ischemic and neuropathic pain and might be expanded by spinal cord stimulation. […] To achieve better clinical results, integrated care in multidisciplinary and trans-sectoral teams with emphasis on smoking cessation, pain control, wound management, and social care by professionals, social workers, and family members is necessary. […] The most important therapeutic intervention in Buergers disease is smoking cessation.

• #3 Buerger’s Disease: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21680-buergers-disease

  With Buergers disease, inflammation in your blood vessels limits blood flow in your fingers, toes, arms and legs. […] Theres no cure for Buergers disease, but stopping all tobacco, marijuana and nicotine use is the best way to keep Buergers disease from getting worse. […] When people with Buergers disease stop smoking, their symptoms usually get better. […] Specific medicines can help with your Buergers disease symptoms. […] Some medications are helpful in Buergers disease treatment, including: Vasodilators, like calcium channel blockers, to make your blood flow better. […] You may get relief from Buergers disease symptoms with: Exercise. […] The best thing you can do is to stop using any type of tobacco to keep Buergers disease from getting worse. […] About 50% of the people with Buergers disease who keep using tobacco end up needing to have a finger or toe removed (amputation).

• #4 Buerger Disease (Thromboangiitis Obliterans) | Nurse Key

  https://nursekey.com/buerger-disease-thromboangiitis-obliterans/

  1. Nursing diagnoses relevant to care of the patient with Buerger disease include ineffective tissue perfusion related to arterial insufficiency, impaired tissue integrity related to altered circulation, and risk for impaired skin integrity related to altered circulation. […] […] […] 2. Expected patient outcomes include demonstrating adequate tissue perfusion, reporting sensory and pain changes at the site of tissue impairment, and eliminating the use of all tobacco products. […] […] […] 3. Nursing interventions involve assessing pulses, skin color and temperature, and performing neurovascular assessments using the six Ps: pain, pulselessness, pallor/poikilothermia, paresthesia, paralysis, and pressure. […] […] […] 4. Patient teaching emphasizes the importance of discontinuing all tobacco products and avoiding passive smoke, as tobacco cessation is strongly associated with disease progression and amputation rate.

• #5 Buerger’s Disease & Raynaud’s – Medical-Surgical Nursing

  https://leveluprn.com/blogs/medical-surgical-nursing/cardiovascular-19-buergers-disease-raynauds?srsltid=AfmBOorTu9k_6XO6klL4WeVhiUu8ifBLaXqLugJK6DvgsFZnu7h9AHe9

  Buerger’s disease is an inflammatory condition that impairs circulation to the extremities, so both the arms and the legs. […] The key risk factor with this condition is smoking. […] Signs and symptoms include claudication. So this is pain with activity, as well as numbness and tingling, decreased pedal pulses and decreased temperature in the extremities, and possible cyanosis in the extremities. […] In terms of treatment, we’re definitely going to advise our patient to avoid the use of any tobacco products because that is the key risk factor with this condition. […] In terms of patient teaching, they need to quit smoking and cease using any tobacco product. We also want to advise them to avoid extreme cold because that can cause vasoconstriction, which further impairs blood flow to the extremities.

• #6 Buerger’s Disease: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

  https://www.healthline.com/health/thromboangiitis-obliterans

  Buergers disease is a disease that can cause inflammation of blood vessels in the hands and feet. Using tobacco increases your risk of developing it and the likelihood of serious complications. […] Treatment typically includes medications and other measures to reduce symptoms. This may include: vasodilators, including calcium channel blockers, pain medication, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), antibiotics to manage open sores, as needed, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, quitting smoking, amputation surgery to remove tissue with gangrene. […] You may be able to lower your risk of developing Buergers disease and related complications by fully abstaining from exposure to all tobacco products. […] If you stop using tobacco products, the symptoms associated with Buergers disease may disappear without needing treatment. […] Treatment typically includes total avoidance of exposure to tobacco products. Some people may need medications to help manage their symptoms.

• #7 Buerger’s Disease Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plan – NurseStudy.Net

  https://nursestudy.net/buergers-disease-nursing-diagnosis/

  Buergers Disease (Thromboangiitis Obliterans) is a rare vascular disorder that causes inflammation and thrombosis in the arms and legs small and medium-sized blood vessels, leading to impaired circulation and potential tissue damage. This nursing diagnosis focuses on identifying symptoms, managing pain, preventing complications, and supporting smoking cessation as a critical intervention. […] Successful management of Buergers Disease includes: Complete smoking cessation, Improved peripheral circulation, Reduced pain levels, Healing of ulcers, Prevention of tissue necrosis, Maintained skin integrity, Enhanced quality of life, Prevention of disease progression. […] Nursing Interventions and Rationales: Monitor peripheral pulses q4hRationale: Detects changes in circulation and perfusion, Assess extremities for color, temperature, and sensationRationale: Identifies early signs of tissue ischemia, Implement smoking cessation strategiesRationale: Reduces disease progression and improves circulation.

• #8 Buerger disease – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/buergers-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20350658

  Buerger disease care at Mayo Clinic […] Quitting all forms of tobacco is the only way to stop Buerger disease. […] To prevent Buerger disease, it’s important to not use tobacco. […] Talk to a health care provider about ways to quit.

• #9 Buerger’s Disease : Johns Hopkins Vasculitis Center

  https://www.hopkinsvasculitis.org/types-vasculitis/buergers-disease/

  It is essential that patients with Buergers disease stop smoking immediately and completely. This is the only treatment known to be effective in Buergers disease. Patients who continue to smoke are generally the ones who require amputation of fingers and toes. […] The only way to prevent the progression of the disease is to abstain from all tobacco products.

• #10 Buerger disease // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/buerger-disease

  Buerger disease is a rare disease of the arteries and veins in the arms and legs. In Buerger disease also called thromboangiitis obliterans blood vessels become blocked. This reduces blood flow to the affected areas. Blood clots may form in the blood vessels. […] Quitting all forms of tobacco is the only way to stop Buerger disease. For those who don’t quit, surgery to remove fingers and toes might be needed. […] Not using tobacco is the best way to stop the disease from getting worse. […] To prevent Buerger disease, it’s important to not use tobacco. […] Quitting smoking can be hard. Talk to a health care provider about ways to quit. […] The only proven treatment for Buerger disease is to quit using all tobacco products. Even one cigarette a day can make the disease worse. This includes using electronic cigarettes, vaping and using marijuana.

• #11

  https://www.orthobullets.com/hand/6099/thromboangiitis-obliterans-buergers-disease

  smoking cessation and symptomatic treatment […] all patients with Buerger’s disease that use tobacco […] smoking cessation is the only treatment known to decrease the risk of future amputation […] 94% who quit smoking avoid amputation […] 43% chance of amputation within 8 years if smoking is continued.

• #12 Buerger’s Disease Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plan – NurseStudy.Net

  https://nursestudy.net/buergers-disease-nursing-diagnosis/

  Nursing Interventions and Rationales: Provide smoking cessation educationRationale: Increases knowledge about disease management, Implement nicotine replacement therapyRationale: Supports smoking cessation efforts, Connect with support resourcesRationale: Enhances long-term success. […] Nursing Interventions and Rationales: Develop a graduated exercise planRationale: Improves circulation and function, Teach energy conservation techniquesRationale: Maximizes activity participation, Monitor activity toleranceRationale: Prevents overexertion.

• #13 Buerger disease – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/buergers-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350664

  Our caring team of Mayo Clinic experts can help you with your Buerger disease-related health concerns […] If you have Buerger disease and smoke or use tobacco in any form, talk to your health care provider about ways to quit. […] Another option is a live-in program to help you stop smoking. […] If you have Buerger disease, your health care provider may recommend medicine to improve blood flow. […] Your health care provider may call this treatment intermittent pneumatic compression pumping. […] Surgery may be needed to remove an arm or leg that’s infected or has dead tissue. […] To improve symptoms of Buerger disease and prevent complications, take the following steps: Regular exercise helps improve blood flow. […] Always clean cuts and scrapes with soap and water to prevent infection. […] Not smoking is the best way to prevent and manage Buerger disease. […] You’re likely to start by seeing your primary care provider. […] Take someone along to your health care provider’s visit, if possible.

• #14 Buerger’s disease

  https://www.mymlc.com/health-information/diseases-and-conditions/b/buergers-disease/

  Virtually everyone who has Buerger’s disease has used tobacco in some form, most prominently cigarettes. To prevent Buerger’s disease, it’s important to not use tobacco. […] Although no treatment can cure Buerger’s disease, the most effective way to halt the disease’s progress is to quit using all tobacco products. Even a few cigarettes a day can worsen the disease. […] Your doctor can counsel you and recommend medications to help you stop smoking and stop the swelling in your blood vessels. […] Another option is a residential smoking cessation program. In these programs, you stay at a treatment facility, sometimes a hospital, for a set number of days or weeks. During that time you participate in daily counseling sessions and other activities to help you deal with the cravings for cigarettes and to help you learn to live tobacco-free.

• #15 Buerger’s disease: providing integrated care

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5067065/

  Individual strategies for smoking withdrawal have to be discussed, including in- and outpatient treatment in specialized institutions with multidisciplinary teams. […] Effective analgesia is crucial as ischemic and neuropathic pain in Buergers disease is usually severe. Therefore, co-treatment by pain therapy specialists is essential. […] Local wound management in ischemic lesions in Buergers disease is based on modern wound care standards with surgical debridement and selected wound dressings according to the wounds stage and condition. […] The high amputation rates in the relatively young patients significantly contribute to the financial and social burden of the disease, which additionally includes job loss, early retirements, divorces, and subsequent social isolation. […] To achieve better clinical results, integrated care in multidisciplinary and trans-sectoral teams with emphasis on lifestyle changes such as smoking cessation, pain control, wound management, and social care by professionals, social workers, and family members is necessary.

• #16 Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger Disease) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Cessation of Tobacco Use, Pharmacologic Therapy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/460027-treatment

  The following strategies are important for preventing complications from TAO: Use of well-fitting protective footwear to prevent foot trauma and thermal or chemical injury, Early and aggressive treatment of extremity injuries to protect against infections, Avoidance of cold environments, Avoidance of drugs that lead to vasoconstriction. […] Consultations that may be considered include the following: Rheumatologist, Hematologist, Vascular surgeon, Smoking cessation counselor.

• #17 Nursing care of Buerger’s disease – a case study

  https://www.termedia.pl/Nursing-care-of-Buerger-s-disease-a-case-study,50,31605,0,1.html

  Among the many diseases of the vascular system, Buergers disease (thromboangiitis obliterans) still poses serious clinical, social, and health problems, despite the great progress and development of medicine. […] The complexity of the patients health condition makes doctors, nurses, and physiotherapists seek the most effective methods of treatment, providing the patient with better physical and mental comfort and quality of life. […] Professional nursing care focused on the patients subjectivity is a basic condition to provide better quality and comfort of life in Buergers disease patients. […] The implementation of the nursing care method facilitates preparation and familiarisation of the patient and his/her family to self-care.

• #18 Mayo Clinic Health Library – Buerger disease | Swiss Medical Network

  https://www.swissmedical.net/en/healtcare-library/con-20155137

  Other treatments for Buerger disease symptoms are available, but they don’t work as well as quitting smoking. […] If you have Buerger disease, your health care provider may recommend medicine to improve blood flow. […] If you have Buerger disease, your provider may suggest a medicine-free treatment called compression therapy. […] Surgery may be needed to remove an arm or leg that’s infected or has dead tissue. This surgery is called amputation. […] To improve symptoms of Buerger disease and prevent complications, take the following steps: Regular exercise helps improve blood flow. […] Always clean cuts and scrapes with soap and water to prevent infection. […] Not smoking is the best way to prevent and manage Buerger disease.

• #19 Buerger’s Disease | CommonSpirit Health

  https://www.commonspirit.org/conditions-treatments/buergers-disease

  The goals of treating Buerger’s disease are to relieve your symptoms, restore blood flow to your hands and feet, and prevent tissue damage. […] Don’t smoke or use any other forms of tobacco. Tobacco can make the disease worse. If you need help quitting, talk to your doctor about stop-smoking programs and medicines. These can increase your chances of quitting for good. […] Take good care of your hands and feet. […] Treat cuts and scrapes on your arms and legs right away. Poor blood flow prevents (or slows) quick healing of even small cuts or scrapes. […] Keep your hands and feet clean and moisturized to prevent drying and cracking. […] If you have a sore on your hand or foot, keep it dry and cover it with a nonstick bandage until you see your doctor.

• #20 Buerger’s Disease | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/care/surgery/services/vascular-surgery/conditions/arterial-conditions/buergers-disease

  Buerger’s disease, also called throboangitis obliterans, happens when your small blood vessels become swollen, especially the vessels in your hands and feet. You might experience pain in your fingers, hands, legs, or feet; clammy and cold skin; and fingers and toes that turn blue when cold. The disease starts in your hands and feet and as it progresses, it affects larger areas of your arms and legs. In cases where gangrene has developed, amputation may be required. […] We don’t have a treatment that can cure Buerger’s disease, but the first—and most important—step is to stop using any tobacco products. Other treatment approaches include: […] Medication can expand blood vessels, improve blood flow, or dissolve blood clots. […] Drinking fluids and staying active can increase your blood circulation. […] Compressing your arms and legs intermittently can increase blood flow to them. […] Stimulating your spinal cord can sometimes increase blood flow to your extremities. […] Surgery can cut nerves to the affected areas (sympathectomy), which can control pain and increase blood circulation.

• #21 Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger Disease) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Cessation of Tobacco Use, Pharmacologic Therapy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/460027-treatment

  Except for absolute tobacco avoidance, no forms of therapy are definitive for thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO; also known as Buerger disease). […] Indications for hospital admission include the following: Surgery, Parenteral pharmacologic treatment of infection or pain that is refractory to oral medical therapy, Intensive behavioral modification therapy for patients unable to achieve smoking cessation at home. […] In the long term, outpatient management is generally appropriate for patients with TAO. Such management should include frequent follow-up examination by a physician or wound-care specialist. […] Absolute discontinuance of tobacco use is the only strategy proven to prevent the progression of TAO. […] Intravenous (IV) iloprost (a prostaglandin analogue), an expensive agent unavailable in the United States, appears to be somewhat effective in improving symptoms, accelerating resolution of distal-extremity trophic changes, and reducing the amputation rate among patients with TAO.

• #22 Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger Disease) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Cessation of Tobacco Use, Pharmacologic Therapy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/460027-treatment

  Aside from the experimental use of iloprost and thrombolytics, the use of antibiotics to treat infected ulcers, and the palliative treatment of ischemic pain with NSAIDs and narcotics, all other forms of pharmacologic treatment have been generally ineffective in the treatment of TAO. […] Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is now an accepted adjunctive measure that has been shown to provide significant clinical improvement in patients with diabetic wounds, refractory osteomyelitis, acute limb ischemia, or necrotizing soft-tissue infection. […] Because of the diffuse segmental nature of TAO and the diseases predilection for small and medium-sized arteries, surgical revascularization for TAO usually is not feasible. […] The ultimate surgical therapy for refractory TAO (in patients who continue smoking) is distal limb amputation for nonhealing ulcers, gangrene, or intractable pain.

• #23 Buerger’s disease: providing integrated care | JMDH

  https://www.dovepress.com/buergerrsquos-disease-providing-integrated-care-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-JMDH

  Buergers disease, also known as thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO), is a segmental inflammatory disease affecting small- and medium-sized vessels, which is strongly associated with tobacco use. […] The most important therapeutic intervention is smoking cessations and intravenous prostanoid infusions (iloprost). […] Furthermore, effective analgesia is crucial for the treatment of ischemic and neuropathic pain and might be expanded by spinal cord stimulation. […] Finally, a consequent prevention and treatment of wounds and infections are essential for the prevention of amputations. […] To achieve better clinical results, integrated care in multidisciplinary and trans-sectoral teams with emphasis on smoking cessation, pain control, wound management, and social care by professionals, social workers, and family members is necessary.

• #24

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=ace1621

  Buerger’s disease (thromboangiitis obliterans) is a problem with the smaller blood vessels of the arms and legs. […] The goals of treating Buerger’s disease are to relieve your symptoms, restore blood flow to your hands and feet, and prevent tissue damage. Stopping tobacco use is the only treatment that can relieve symptoms and keep the disease from getting worse. […] Take good care of your hands and feet. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line if you are having problems.

• #25 Learning About Buerger’s Disease (Thromboangiitis Obliterans) | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.learning-about-buerger’s-disease-thromboangiitis-obliterans.ace1621

  The goals of treating Buerger’s disease are to relieve your symptoms, restore blood flow to your hands and feet, and prevent tissue damage. […] Stopping tobacco use is the only treatment that can relieve symptoms and keep the disease from getting worse. It can also lower the chance that tissue will be very damaged and need to be removed. […] Your doctor may recommend other treatments to manage pain or help heal ulcers. For example, your doctor may prescribe medicine to try to relieve pain. You may also take medicine that can help prevent blood clots. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor if you are having problems. It’s also a good idea to know your test results and keep a list of the medicines you take.

• #26 Buerger Disease

  https://krames.forthealthcare.com/Library/DiseasesConditions/Adult/Bone/134,218

  Buerger disease causes the blood vessels to narrow and severely limits the blood flow to the area, usually in the hands and feet. […] Quitting smoking and stopping the use of any form of tobacco or nicotine is important to reduce the risk of complications. […] Follow your healthcare providers advice for taking care of yourself. The best way to stop or slow Buerger disease is to stop using tobacco completely. Talk with your healthcare provider if you need help quitting tobacco. […] Call your healthcare provider right away if you have: Pain in your lower legs, feet, hands, or forearms that continues to get worse. […] The goal is to prevent the disorder from getting worse by: Stopping smoking and not using any tobacco products.

• #27 Buerger Disease | Saint Luke’s Health System

  https://www.saintlukeskc.org/health-library/buerger-disease

  Buerger disease causes the blood vessels to narrow and severely limits the blood flow to the area, usually in the hands and feet. […] Quitting smoking and stopping the use of any form of tobacco or nicotine is important to reduce the risk of complications. […] Follow your healthcare providers advice for taking care of yourself. The best way to stop or slow Buerger disease is to stop using tobacco completely. Talk with your healthcare provider if you need help quitting tobacco. […] Call your healthcare provider right away if you have: Pain in your lower legs, feet, hands, or forearms that continues to get worse; Sores on your hands or feet that don’t heal; Signs of infection in the affected areas.

• #28 Buerger Disease

  https://myhealth.umassmemorial.org/wellness/Weight/134,218

  Treatment will depend on your symptoms, age, and general health. It will also depend on how severe the condition is. […] There is no known cure for Buerger disease. Treatment may depend on how far your disease has progressed. It will focus on trying to improve blood flow to the affected area or to reduce pain. Choices include: […] Some medicines help to relax the blood vessels and improve blood flow to the tissue. […] Follow your healthcare providers advice for taking care of yourself. The best way to stop or slow Buerger disease is to stop using tobacco completely. Talk with your healthcare provider if you need help quitting tobacco. […] Call your healthcare provider right away if you have: […] Know how you can contact your healthcare provider if you have questions, especially after office hours and on weekends and holidays.

• #29 Buerger disease // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/buerger-disease

  If you have Buerger disease and smoke or use tobacco in any form, talk to your health care provider about ways to quit. […] Other treatments for Buerger disease symptoms are available, but they don’t work as well as quitting smoking. Those treatments may include medicines, compression therapy and surgery. […] If you have Buerger disease, your provider may suggest a medicine-free treatment called compression therapy. […] To improve symptoms of Buerger disease and prevent complications, take the following steps: Regular exercise helps improve blood flow. […] Not smoking is the best way to prevent and manage Buerger disease. […] Always clean cuts and scrapes with soap and water to prevent infection. […] If a skin injury gets worse or heals slowly, see a health care provider quickly.

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