Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Bundle Branch Block: Right and Left Prognosis Implications

  https://www.primescholars.com/articles/bundle-branch-block-right-and-left-prognosis-implications-95644.html

  An increasing number of papers, most based on epidemiology, have shown a strong association between bundle branch block (BBB) and cardiovascular disease, more specifically hypertension, cardiomegaly, coronary artery disease, and heart failure. […] The prevalence rate rises and is strongly related with sex and age group (men and older individuals). […] An increasing number of papers, most based on epidemiology, have shown a strong association between LBBB and cardiovascular disease, more specifically hypertension, cardiomegaly, coronary artery disease, and heart failure. Left BBB has also been associated with more complications for cardiovascular disease than right BBB. […] The Framingham Heart Study has shown that patients with acquired BBB were more likely to have, or to develop, advanced cardiovascular manifestations-especially the male population with LBBB.

• #1 Bundle Branch and Fascicular Blocks | Concise Medical Knowledge

  https://www.lecturio.com/concepts/bundle-branch-and-fascicular-blocks/

  Bundle branch and fascicular blocks arise due to obstruction of electrical current. […] RBBB: In the general population: 1%. […] LBBB: In the general population: 1%. […] LAFB: Prevalence in the general population: 1%-2.5%. […] LPFB: Prevalence: 0.1%-0.6%.

• #1 Bundle-Branch Blocks (Complete and Incomplete) | SpringerLink

  https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-662-10315-9_11

  Bundle-branch blocks (BBB) are the most common ECG patterns of aberration of the ventricular conduction, in the presence of a supraventricular rhythm, mostly sinus rhythm. […] The prevalence of RBBB depends predominantly on age and on the presence or absence of coronary heart disease. […] Overall it seems that RBBB is more frequent than LBBB. […] The etiologies for both blocks include hypertension, coronary heart disease, degenerative disease of the intraventricular conduction system (Lenegre disease), and heart valve replacement. […] Thrainsdottir I, Hardarson T, Thorgeirsson G, et al. Epidemiology of right bundle-branch block and its association with cardiovascular morbidity. The Reykjavic study. Europ Heart J 1993;14, 15906. […] Kreger BE, Anderson KM, Kannel WB. Prevalence of intraventricular block in the general population; the Framingham study. Am Heart J 1989;117:90310.

• #1 Bundle Branch Block: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22938-bundle-branch-block

  Anyone can have a bundle branch block. The risk of both right bundle branch block and left bundle branch block increases with age and other health conditions, such as heart disease. […] RBBB is more common than LBBB. RBBB affects about 0.8% of people at age 50 and up to 11.3% of people by age 80. […] LBBB affects about 0.06% to 0.1% of the U.S. population. Around 33% of people with heart failure have LBBB. […] Youre at higher risk of death if you have a bundle branch block along with: Heart attack. Heart disease. Heart failure. […] A bundle branch block (BBB) is a blockage or disruption to the electrical signal that causes your heart to beat. BBB can affect your right ventricle (right bundle branch block), left ventricle (left bundle branch block) or both ventricles. Many times, bundle branch blocks dont cause any symptoms, though they sometimes lead to dizziness or fainting. Providers usually diagnose BBB with an EKG or echocardiogram. You may not need treatment for BBB, though youll need to treat any underlying conditions. Most people with a bundle branch block can lead full lives, though their risk of death may increase if they have other heart problems.

• #1 Left Bundle Branch Block | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/18700

  The incidence and prevalence of LBBB vary across different populations based on factors such as age, race, gender, and underlying cardiovascular conditions. LBBB is prevalent in about 0.06% to 0.1% of the general population. In general, the incidence is reported to be about 1 to 4 cases per 1000 person-years, increasing with age. In asymptomatic older individuals, particularly men, LBBB is more commonly identified incidentally during routine electrocardiography (ECG) screening. In individuals older than 70, the prevalence can be as high as 1% to 5%. The prevalence further increases in people older than 80, with some studies reporting rates as high as 6% to 7%. […] […] The prevalence of LBBB is generally higher among White individuals compared to other ethnic groups. LBBB is more common in men than women, with prevalence approximately twice as high in some cohorts. Hispanic patients with left ventricular dysfunction have an increased incidence of LBBB. Approximately 33% of patients with heart failure have LBBB; the incidence increases with the severity of left ventricular failure. LBBB is quite common in individuals with dilated cardiomyopathy, with prevalence rates ranging from 10% to 26%. […]

• #1 Left bundle branch block epidemiology and demographics – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Left_bundle_branch_block_epidemiology_and_demographics

  LBBB is uncommon among patients under 50 years of age (0.5%). It occurs in 6% to 8% of patients over the age of 50. […] Prevalence of LBBB in the general population ranges from 200 to 1100 per 100,000. […] Prevalence of LBBB increases with age.

• #1 Left bundle branch block: Epidemiology, etiology, anatomic features, electrovectorcardiography, and classification proposal

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6931474/

  In left bundle branch block (LBBB), the ventricles are activated in a sequential manner with alterations in left ventricular mechanics, perfusion, and workload resulting in cardiac remodeling. […] The mean age at LBBB diagnosis is relatively high, and the incidence increases progressively with advancing age. Hypertension, coronary artery disease (CAD), left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), STT abnormalities, and an increased cardiothoracic ratio are associated with LBBB. […] LBBB is a predictor of increased mortality in heart failure (HF) patients independently of age, gender, and underlying disease. […] The presence of LBBB has no adverse prognostic significance in subjects without evidence of structural heart disease. […] In the Framingham Study population, new LBBB occurred mostly in people with a history of hypertension, cardiomegaly, CAD, or a combination of these; 48% developed clinical CAD or congestive HF. […] The prevalence of LBBB was 0.43% for men and 0.28% for women in a randomly selected population study (age 33-71 years) conducted in Iceland from 1967 to 1977. […] In the general population, the incidence of LBBB was 3.2 per 10,000/year for men and 3.7 per 10,000/year for women.

• #1 Right bundle branch block | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/right-bundle-branch-block?lang=us

  Right bundle branch block is more common in men than in women and is often found in the elderly. It affects 11.3% of people by 80 years of age. […] RBBB is mostly seen in a normal heart without any disease.

• #1 Right bundle branch block – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right_bundle_branch_block

  Prevalence of RBBB increases with age due to changes in the heart’s conduction system. It’s estimated up to 11.3% of the population by the age of 80 have RBBB.

• #1 Left Bundle Branch Block | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/18700

  The Framingham Heart Study results reported that LBBB is more frequently observed in people with a history of hypertension, particularly when the condition is longstanding or poorly controlled. The study reports a significant association between LBBB and CAD. LBBB in individuals with CAD often indicates more extensive myocardial ischemia or infarction and is associated with a worse prognosis. The study also reported that LBBB is associated with a higher risk of developing heart failure and an increased risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and sudden cardiac death.

• #1 Top Published Expert Doctors for Bundle-Branch Block

  https://findexpertmd.com/d/Bundle-Branch_Block

  1,167 top medical experts on Bundle-Branch Block across 45 countries and 40 U.S. states, including 1,122 MDs (Physicians). This is based on an objective analysis of their Scientific Publications, Clinical Trials, Medicare, and NIH Grants. […] Clinical Trials: at least 59 including 3 Active, 14 Completed, 18 Recruiting.

• #1 Bundle Branch Block > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/bundle-branch-block

  A bundle branch block is likeliest to affect adults aged 60 and older, as well as those with high blood pressure and heart disease. The condition is also more common in men than in women. […] Its important to know that in about half of cases, the exact cause of a bundle branch block is unknown. […] People might be at increased risk of a bundle branch block if they: Are male, Are age 60 or older, Have hypertension, Have heart disease, Previously had a heart attack, Previously had heart surgery, Have an enlarged heart, Have a hole in a heart wall that separates the hearts chambers, Have coronary artery disease, Have myocarditis, Have cardiomyopathy, Have experienced arteriosclerosis, Have had a pulmonary embolism, Have had rheumatic fever, Were born with a congenital heart abnormality, Have high levels of potassium in the blood, Take certain medications for heart-rhythm disorders (arrhythmia).

• #1 Pediatric Right Bundle Branch Block: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/894927-overview

  The most common cause of right bundle branch block (RBBB) in children is surgery associated with repair of an isolated ventricular septal defect (VSD) or another congenital heart disease that includes a VSD (eg, double-chambered right ventricle, atrioventricular [AV] canal, or tetralogy of Fallot). The incidence of right bundle branch block ranges from 25%-81% after repair of a VSD alone to 60%-100% after repair of tetralogy of Fallot. The variation of right bundle branch block after surgery is likely due to the proximity of the VSD to the His bundle and right bundle, as well as the surgical technique. For example, right bundle branch block is less common with transatrial repair or exclusion ventriculotomy repair of a VSD than with other procedures. […] Surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot, in addition to closing the VSD, is often associated with a transannular patch of the right ventricular outflow tract. This situation often results in clinically significant pulmonic valve insufficiency and progressive right ventricular dilatation as the patient ages. In addition, some patients have residual stenosis at various levels in the pulmonary outflow tract. By the time the patient is in his or her late teens or young adulthood, the right ventricle has been subjected to years of abnormal hemodynamics. As noted above, patients with right bundle branch block and a markedly prolonged QRS duration (180 ms) may be at increased risk for ventricular tachycardia and sudden death.

• #1 Prevalence of and Predisposing Factors for Bundle Branch Block in Patients Starting Dialysis – Revista Española de Cardiología (English Edition)

  https://www.revespcardiol.org/en-prevalence-predisposing-factors-for-bundle-articulo-13124411

  The prevalence of bundle branch block (BBB) was high in patients starting dialysis and greater than that observed in the general population. […] The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of complete BBB in patients starting dialysis, to identify factors associated with its presence and, secondarily, to explore its association with mortality and the occurrence of cardiovascular events. […] Although bundle branch block (BBB) is regarded as a frequent finding, data on its prevalence are scarce in the general population and nonexistent in patients on dialysis. […] The relationship between BBB and age in our study group was similar to the trend seen in the general population. However, same cannot be said for the prevalence. […] The higher prevalence of BBB we found can be attributed to the fact that almost all the patients included had a current or prior history of hypertension. […] The presence of BBB in a patient starting dialysis should be considered a factor indicative of a poor prognosis, particularly when the conduction defect is an LBBB.

• #1 Right Bundle Branch Block – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507872/

  Right bundle branch block is generally a slowly progressive degenerative disease of the myocardium. The incidence of right bundle branch block typically increases with age, with up to 11.3% of people by age 80. There is no significant association with cardiac disease, ischemic heart disease or cardiac risk factors. […] In patients without significant heart disease, right bundle branch block does not have any additional risk. In patients with cardiovascular disease, right bundle branch block is an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality. The presence of a right bundle branch block before acute myocardial infarction, during an acute MI and post-MI, are all associated with higher mortality rates. In heart failure, the presence of a right bundle branch block has also been associated with increased mortality.

• #1 (PDF) Left bundle branch block: Epidemiology, etiology, anatomic features, electrovectorcardiography, and classification proposal

  https://www.academia.edu/81575557/Left_bundle_branch_block_Epidemiology_etiology_anatomic_features_electrovectorcardiography_and_classification_proposal

  Given its broad use as a screening tool, the electrocardiogram (ECG) has largely become one of the most common diagnostic tests performed in routine clinical practice. […] While in the absence of clinically detectable heart disease LBBB does not necessarily imply poor outcomes, physicians should be aware of the role of LBBB in stratifying risk of cardiovascular events and death in subjects with both ischemic and nonischemic heart disease. […] Isolated LBBB occurring without structural heart disease, ventricular dysfunction, or CAD is associated with a low mortality rate and incidence of cardiomyopathy.

• #1 Bundle Branch Block > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/bundle-branch-block

  A diagnosis of a bundle branch block can only be confirmed with an electrocardiogram. This test records the hearts electrical activity and is used to discover heart-rhythm disorders. Different electrical activity patterns will be present if a patient has a left bundle branch block, a right bundle branch block, or a normal heartbeat. […] When symptoms of a bundle branch block cause chest pain or fainting, doctors may recommend a pacemaker to restore a controlled flow of electrical activity within the heart. […] People with an asymptomatic bundle branch block typically do not experience negative health effects. However, if treatment is necessary, a pacemaker should help to restore normal electrical signals within the heart, improving the heart rhythm.

• #1 Bundle Branch Block: Right and Left Prognosis Implications

  https://www.primescholars.com/articles/bundle-branch-block-right-and-left-prognosis-implications-95644.html

  Some new studies have shown associations between LBBB and adverse prognosis in patients with preserved LV systolic function after myocardial infarction. […] A recent study from Bussink et al. have warned us about the asymptomatic individuals with the RBBB condition. In this study, individuals with that condition were associated with approximately 30% increased mortality risk mainly due to Cardiovascular Diseases and increased risk of all-cause mortality and adverse cardiovascular outcomes with similar associations in both genders. […] In patients who had suffered of acute MI and have RBBB, the prognosis is really poor.

• #1 Left Bundle Branch Block: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23287-left-bundle-branch-block

  About 0.06% to 0.1% of the U.S. population has left bundle branch block. Left bundle branch block is more common as you age. It almost never occurs in people younger than 35. And its more common if you have other heart conditions. Around 33% of people with heart failure have this condition. While less than 1% of adults are diagnosed with LBBB before age 50, 6% have been diagnosed by age 80. […] If youre over 65 and have heart disease or another cardiovascular disorder, untreated LBBB can be serious. This condition is associated with a higher risk of death, especially if you have heart failure or after a heart attack.

• #1 Left bundle branch block | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/left-bundle-branch-block?lang=us

  Aberrant conduction in the left bundle branch producing a conduction block is most often associated with 1; […] a new left bundle branch block in a clinically suggestive context is suspicious of a developing anterior myocardial infarction.

• #1 (PDF) Left bundle branch block: Epidemiology, etiology, anatomic features, electrovectorcardiography, and classification proposal

  https://www.academia.edu/81575557/Left_bundle_branch_block_Epidemiology_etiology_anatomic_features_electrovectorcardiography_and_classification_proposal

  In left bundle branch block (LBBB), the ventricles are activated in a sequential manner with alterations in left ventricular mechanics, perfusion, and workload resulting in cardiac remodeling. […] Clinical and diagnostic notions about LBBB have evolved from a simple electrocardiographic alteration to a critically important finding affecting diagnostic and clinical management of many patients. […] Advances in cardiac magnetic resonance imaging have significantly improved the assessment of patients with LBBB and provided additional insights into pathophysiological mechanisms of left ventricular remodeling. […] In the current review we summarized currently available data on the LBBB epidemiology, diagnosis, its impact on clinical management and prognosis, and the role and place of various imaging modalities in assessing cardiac mechanics and perfusion abnormalities, as well as their potential implications for diagnosis.

• #1 The influence of left bundle branch block on myocardial T1 mapping | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-55821-z

  Left bundle branch block (LBBB) is associated with a higher cardiovascular mortality while its aetiology is manifold. Its prevalence is high and increases with age. […] While cardiac MRI is generally prone to artefacts due to incorrect triggering or patient movement, little is known about possible effects of conduction abnormalities, such as LBBB, on myocardial T1 measurements. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to determine the influence of LBBB on T1 mapping. […] The present study investigated the influence of LBBB on T1 mapping. To our best knowledge, this is the first study addressing a rather common disturbance of the cardiac conduction system. Our main finding was that R2 values of patients with LBBB and healthy controls differed significantly, indicating a poorer goodness-of-the-T1-fit and thus a lower, yet sufficient precision in patients with LBBB. […] In conclusion, in patients with an LBBB, source data of T1 maps should be checked carefully for possible artefacts of the semi-automated contour detection. However, even after manual correction, a greater pixel-wise deviation from the curve model with significantly lower R2 values persists.

• #1 Diagnosis of right bundle branch block: a concordance study | BMC Primary Care | Full Text

  https://bmcprimcare.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12875-019-0946-3

  Right bundle branch block is one of the most common electrocardiographic abnormalities. Most cases of right bundle branch block are detected in asymptomatic patients in primary care, so a correct interpretation of electrocardiograms (ECGs) at this level is necessary. […] One of the most frequent alterations of the ECG is Right bundle branch block (RBBB). […] Many studies have showed the association between RBBB with CV diseases (cor pulmonale, myocarditis, acute myocardial infarction [AMI], pulmonary thromboembolism and congenital diseases) and this relation increases the CV morbidity and mortality. […] The impact of RBBB in patients with no history of CV disease is still controversial. […] The implications of detecting BBB, especially in prognosis, mean that ECG readings must be performed carefully for the conclusions to be valid.

• #1 Diagnosis of right bundle branch block: a concordance study | BMC Primary Care | Full Text

  https://bmcprimcare.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12875-019-0946-3

  The treatment and prevention of cardiovascular disease is one of the priority objectives in the daily work of the PC physician. Most cases of RBBB are detected in asymptomatic patients in PC, so a correct interpretation of the electrocardiograms (ECG) at this level is necessary. […] Prospective studies are needed to evaluate the impact of RBBB in patients without baseline cardiovascular disease. If it is concluded that RBBB increases cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in healthy patients, it will be necessary to have new guidelines for treating and monitoring these patients.

• #2 Diagnosis of right bundle branch block: a concordance study | BMC Primary Care | Full Text

  https://bmcprimcare.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12875-019-0946-3

  Right bundle branch block is one of the most common electrocardiographic abnormalities. Most cases of right bundle branch block are detected in asymptomatic patients in primary care, so a correct interpretation of electrocardiograms (ECGs) at this level is necessary. […] One of the most frequent alterations of the ECG is Right bundle branch block (RBBB). […] Many studies have showed the association between RBBB with CV diseases (cor pulmonale, myocarditis, acute myocardial infarction [AMI], pulmonary thromboembolism and congenital diseases) and this relation increases the CV morbidity and mortality. […] The impact of RBBB in patients with no history of CV disease is still controversial. […] The implications of detecting BBB, especially in prognosis, mean that ECG readings must be performed carefully for the conclusions to be valid.

• #2 Bundle Branch Block: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22938-bundle-branch-block

  Anyone can have a bundle branch block. The risk of both right bundle branch block and left bundle branch block increases with age and other health conditions, such as heart disease. […] RBBB is more common than LBBB. RBBB affects about 0.8% of people at age 50 and up to 11.3% of people by age 80. […] LBBB affects about 0.06% to 0.1% of the U.S. population. Around 33% of people with heart failure have LBBB. […] Youre at higher risk of death if you have a bundle branch block along with: Heart attack. Heart disease. Heart failure. […] A bundle branch block (BBB) is a blockage or disruption to the electrical signal that causes your heart to beat. BBB can affect your right ventricle (right bundle branch block), left ventricle (left bundle branch block) or both ventricles. Many times, bundle branch blocks dont cause any symptoms, though they sometimes lead to dizziness or fainting. Providers usually diagnose BBB with an EKG or echocardiogram. You may not need treatment for BBB, though youll need to treat any underlying conditions. Most people with a bundle branch block can lead full lives, though their risk of death may increase if they have other heart problems.

• #2 Right bundle branch block – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right_bundle_branch_block

  Prevalence of RBBB increases with age due to changes in the heart’s conduction system. It’s estimated up to 11.3% of the population by the age of 80 have RBBB.

• #2 Left Bundle Branch Block: Causes, Symptoms, Treatments

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/heart-health/left-bundle-branch-block

  Left bundle branch block (LBBB) is a finding on an electrocardiogram (EKG). It can happen if there is damage to the left bundle branch in the heart or another part of the myocardial region. LBBB can occur in people either with or without a heart condition. Around 0.06–0.1% of the general population has LBBB. In comparison, 33% of people with heart failure have LBBB. […] Left bundle branch block (LBBB) may not directly cause any complications. In some people, it can occur without any symptoms or an underlying condition. However, if LBBB is a result of a heart condition, then you may experience complications related to your specific condition. […] Some studies suggest that LBBB may increase your risk of sudden death from a heart-related cause. More research into this is necessary.

• #2 Left Bundle Branch Block: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23287-left-bundle-branch-block

  About 0.06% to 0.1% of the U.S. population has left bundle branch block. Left bundle branch block is more common as you age. It almost never occurs in people younger than 35. And its more common if you have other heart conditions. Around 33% of people with heart failure have this condition. While less than 1% of adults are diagnosed with LBBB before age 50, 6% have been diagnosed by age 80. […] If youre over 65 and have heart disease or another cardiovascular disorder, untreated LBBB can be serious. This condition is associated with a higher risk of death, especially if you have heart failure or after a heart attack.

• #2 Bundle Branch Block > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/bundle-branch-block

  A bundle branch block is likeliest to affect adults aged 60 and older, as well as those with high blood pressure and heart disease. The condition is also more common in men than in women. […] Its important to know that in about half of cases, the exact cause of a bundle branch block is unknown. […] People might be at increased risk of a bundle branch block if they: Are male, Are age 60 or older, Have hypertension, Have heart disease, Previously had a heart attack, Previously had heart surgery, Have an enlarged heart, Have a hole in a heart wall that separates the hearts chambers, Have coronary artery disease, Have myocarditis, Have cardiomyopathy, Have experienced arteriosclerosis, Have had a pulmonary embolism, Have had rheumatic fever, Were born with a congenital heart abnormality, Have high levels of potassium in the blood, Take certain medications for heart-rhythm disorders (arrhythmia).

• #2 Left Bundle Branch Block | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/18700

  The incidence and prevalence of LBBB vary across different populations based on factors such as age, race, gender, and underlying cardiovascular conditions. LBBB is prevalent in about 0.06% to 0.1% of the general population. In general, the incidence is reported to be about 1 to 4 cases per 1000 person-years, increasing with age. In asymptomatic older individuals, particularly men, LBBB is more commonly identified incidentally during routine electrocardiography (ECG) screening. In individuals older than 70, the prevalence can be as high as 1% to 5%. The prevalence further increases in people older than 80, with some studies reporting rates as high as 6% to 7%. […] […] The prevalence of LBBB is generally higher among White individuals compared to other ethnic groups. LBBB is more common in men than women, with prevalence approximately twice as high in some cohorts. Hispanic patients with left ventricular dysfunction have an increased incidence of LBBB. Approximately 33% of patients with heart failure have LBBB; the incidence increases with the severity of left ventricular failure. LBBB is quite common in individuals with dilated cardiomyopathy, with prevalence rates ranging from 10% to 26%. […]

• #2 Left Bundle Branch Block | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/18700

  The Framingham Heart Study results reported that LBBB is more frequently observed in people with a history of hypertension, particularly when the condition is longstanding or poorly controlled. The study reports a significant association between LBBB and CAD. LBBB in individuals with CAD often indicates more extensive myocardial ischemia or infarction and is associated with a worse prognosis. The study also reported that LBBB is associated with a higher risk of developing heart failure and an increased risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and sudden cardiac death.

• #2 Pediatric Right Bundle Branch Block: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/894927-overview

  The most common cause of right bundle branch block (RBBB) in children is surgery associated with repair of an isolated ventricular septal defect (VSD) or another congenital heart disease that includes a VSD (eg, double-chambered right ventricle, atrioventricular [AV] canal, or tetralogy of Fallot). The incidence of right bundle branch block ranges from 25%-81% after repair of a VSD alone to 60%-100% after repair of tetralogy of Fallot. The variation of right bundle branch block after surgery is likely due to the proximity of the VSD to the His bundle and right bundle, as well as the surgical technique. For example, right bundle branch block is less common with transatrial repair or exclusion ventriculotomy repair of a VSD than with other procedures. […] Surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot, in addition to closing the VSD, is often associated with a transannular patch of the right ventricular outflow tract. This situation often results in clinically significant pulmonic valve insufficiency and progressive right ventricular dilatation as the patient ages. In addition, some patients have residual stenosis at various levels in the pulmonary outflow tract. By the time the patient is in his or her late teens or young adulthood, the right ventricle has been subjected to years of abnormal hemodynamics. As noted above, patients with right bundle branch block and a markedly prolonged QRS duration (180 ms) may be at increased risk for ventricular tachycardia and sudden death.

• #2 Left bundle branch block: Epidemiology, etiology, anatomic features, electrovectorcardiography, and classification proposal

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6931474/

  In left bundle branch block (LBBB), the ventricles are activated in a sequential manner with alterations in left ventricular mechanics, perfusion, and workload resulting in cardiac remodeling. […] The mean age at LBBB diagnosis is relatively high, and the incidence increases progressively with advancing age. Hypertension, coronary artery disease (CAD), left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), STT abnormalities, and an increased cardiothoracic ratio are associated with LBBB. […] LBBB is a predictor of increased mortality in heart failure (HF) patients independently of age, gender, and underlying disease. […] The presence of LBBB has no adverse prognostic significance in subjects without evidence of structural heart disease. […] In the Framingham Study population, new LBBB occurred mostly in people with a history of hypertension, cardiomegaly, CAD, or a combination of these; 48% developed clinical CAD or congestive HF. […] The prevalence of LBBB was 0.43% for men and 0.28% for women in a randomly selected population study (age 33-71 years) conducted in Iceland from 1967 to 1977. […] In the general population, the incidence of LBBB was 3.2 per 10,000/year for men and 3.7 per 10,000/year for women.

• #2 (PDF) Left bundle branch block: Epidemiology, etiology, anatomic features, electrovectorcardiography, and classification proposal

  https://www.academia.edu/81575557/Left_bundle_branch_block_Epidemiology_etiology_anatomic_features_electrovectorcardiography_and_classification_proposal

  Given its broad use as a screening tool, the electrocardiogram (ECG) has largely become one of the most common diagnostic tests performed in routine clinical practice. […] While in the absence of clinically detectable heart disease LBBB does not necessarily imply poor outcomes, physicians should be aware of the role of LBBB in stratifying risk of cardiovascular events and death in subjects with both ischemic and nonischemic heart disease. […] Isolated LBBB occurring without structural heart disease, ventricular dysfunction, or CAD is associated with a low mortality rate and incidence of cardiomyopathy.

• #2 Bundle Branch Block: Right and Left Prognosis Implications

  https://www.primescholars.com/articles/bundle-branch-block-right-and-left-prognosis-implications-95644.html

  Some new studies have shown associations between LBBB and adverse prognosis in patients with preserved LV systolic function after myocardial infarction. […] A recent study from Bussink et al. have warned us about the asymptomatic individuals with the RBBB condition. In this study, individuals with that condition were associated with approximately 30% increased mortality risk mainly due to Cardiovascular Diseases and increased risk of all-cause mortality and adverse cardiovascular outcomes with similar associations in both genders. […] In patients who had suffered of acute MI and have RBBB, the prognosis is really poor.

• #3 Right Bundle Branch Block – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507872/

  Right bundle branch block is generally a slowly progressive degenerative disease of the myocardium. The incidence of right bundle branch block typically increases with age, with up to 11.3% of people by age 80. There is no significant association with cardiac disease, ischemic heart disease or cardiac risk factors. […] In patients without significant heart disease, right bundle branch block does not have any additional risk. In patients with cardiovascular disease, right bundle branch block is an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality. The presence of a right bundle branch block before acute myocardial infarction, during an acute MI and post-MI, are all associated with higher mortality rates. In heart failure, the presence of a right bundle branch block has also been associated with increased mortality.

• #3 Bundle Branch Block: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22938-bundle-branch-block

  Anyone can have a bundle branch block. The risk of both right bundle branch block and left bundle branch block increases with age and other health conditions, such as heart disease. […] RBBB is more common than LBBB. RBBB affects about 0.8% of people at age 50 and up to 11.3% of people by age 80. […] LBBB affects about 0.06% to 0.1% of the U.S. population. Around 33% of people with heart failure have LBBB. […] Youre at higher risk of death if you have a bundle branch block along with: Heart attack. Heart disease. Heart failure. […] A bundle branch block (BBB) is a blockage or disruption to the electrical signal that causes your heart to beat. BBB can affect your right ventricle (right bundle branch block), left ventricle (left bundle branch block) or both ventricles. Many times, bundle branch blocks dont cause any symptoms, though they sometimes lead to dizziness or fainting. Providers usually diagnose BBB with an EKG or echocardiogram. You may not need treatment for BBB, though youll need to treat any underlying conditions. Most people with a bundle branch block can lead full lives, though their risk of death may increase if they have other heart problems.

• #3 The influence of left bundle branch block on myocardial T1 mapping | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-55821-z

  Left bundle branch block (LBBB) is associated with a higher cardiovascular mortality while its aetiology is manifold. Its prevalence is high and increases with age. […] While cardiac MRI is generally prone to artefacts due to incorrect triggering or patient movement, little is known about possible effects of conduction abnormalities, such as LBBB, on myocardial T1 measurements. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to determine the influence of LBBB on T1 mapping. […] The present study investigated the influence of LBBB on T1 mapping. To our best knowledge, this is the first study addressing a rather common disturbance of the cardiac conduction system. Our main finding was that R2 values of patients with LBBB and healthy controls differed significantly, indicating a poorer goodness-of-the-T1-fit and thus a lower, yet sufficient precision in patients with LBBB. […] In conclusion, in patients with an LBBB, source data of T1 maps should be checked carefully for possible artefacts of the semi-automated contour detection. However, even after manual correction, a greater pixel-wise deviation from the curve model with significantly lower R2 values persists.

• #3 Left Bundle Branch Block: Causes, Symptoms, Treatments

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/heart-health/left-bundle-branch-block

  Left bundle branch block (LBBB) is a finding on an electrocardiogram (EKG). It can happen if there is damage to the left bundle branch in the heart or another part of the myocardial region. LBBB can occur in people either with or without a heart condition. Around 0.06–0.1% of the general population has LBBB. In comparison, 33% of people with heart failure have LBBB. […] Left bundle branch block (LBBB) may not directly cause any complications. In some people, it can occur without any symptoms or an underlying condition. However, if LBBB is a result of a heart condition, then you may experience complications related to your specific condition. […] Some studies suggest that LBBB may increase your risk of sudden death from a heart-related cause. More research into this is necessary.

• #3 Prevalence of and Predisposing Factors for Bundle Branch Block in Patients Starting Dialysis – Revista Española de Cardiología (English Edition)

  https://www.revespcardiol.org/en-prevalence-predisposing-factors-for-bundle-articulo-13124411

  The prevalence of bundle branch block (BBB) was high in patients starting dialysis and greater than that observed in the general population. […] The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of complete BBB in patients starting dialysis, to identify factors associated with its presence and, secondarily, to explore its association with mortality and the occurrence of cardiovascular events. […] Although bundle branch block (BBB) is regarded as a frequent finding, data on its prevalence are scarce in the general population and nonexistent in patients on dialysis. […] The relationship between BBB and age in our study group was similar to the trend seen in the general population. However, same cannot be said for the prevalence. […] The higher prevalence of BBB we found can be attributed to the fact that almost all the patients included had a current or prior history of hypertension. […] The presence of BBB in a patient starting dialysis should be considered a factor indicative of a poor prognosis, particularly when the conduction defect is an LBBB.

• #3 Left bundle branch block: Epidemiology, etiology, anatomic features, electrovectorcardiography, and classification proposal

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6931474/

  In left bundle branch block (LBBB), the ventricles are activated in a sequential manner with alterations in left ventricular mechanics, perfusion, and workload resulting in cardiac remodeling. […] The mean age at LBBB diagnosis is relatively high, and the incidence increases progressively with advancing age. Hypertension, coronary artery disease (CAD), left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), STT abnormalities, and an increased cardiothoracic ratio are associated with LBBB. […] LBBB is a predictor of increased mortality in heart failure (HF) patients independently of age, gender, and underlying disease. […] The presence of LBBB has no adverse prognostic significance in subjects without evidence of structural heart disease. […] In the Framingham Study population, new LBBB occurred mostly in people with a history of hypertension, cardiomegaly, CAD, or a combination of these; 48% developed clinical CAD or congestive HF. […] The prevalence of LBBB was 0.43% for men and 0.28% for women in a randomly selected population study (age 33-71 years) conducted in Iceland from 1967 to 1977. […] In the general population, the incidence of LBBB was 3.2 per 10,000/year for men and 3.7 per 10,000/year for women.

Zobacz więcej