Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Travelers’ diarrhea – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travelers%27_diarrhea

  Travelers’ diarrhea (TD) is a stomach and intestinal infection. TD is defined as the passage of unformed stool (one or more by some definitions, three or more by others) while traveling. It may be accompanied by abdominal cramps, nausea, fever, headache and bloating. Occasionally dysentery may occur. Most travelers recover within three to four days with little or no treatment. About 12% of people may have symptoms for a week. […] Recommendations for prevention include eating only properly cleaned and cooked food, drinking bottled water, and frequent hand washing. The oral cholera vaccine, while effective for cholera, is of questionable use for travelers’ diarrhea. Preventive antibiotics are generally discouraged. Primary treatment includes rehydration and replacing lost salts (oral rehydration therapy). Antibiotics are recommended for significant or persistent symptoms, and can be taken with loperamide to decrease diarrhea. Hospitalization is required in less than 3 percent of cases.

• #2 Traveler’s Diarrhea: Treatment, Symptoms, Contagious & Antibiotics

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/travelers_diarrhea/article_em.htm

  Travel to developing countries increases a person’s risk of developing traveler’s diarrhea. […] Diarrhea occurs in a significant number of people who travel to foreign countries. Travelers to developing countries of the world become ill from eating or drinking food or water contaminated by infected human bowel waste. […] Traveler’s diarrhea can be defined as three or more unformed stools in a 24-hour period. […] When to Seek Medical Care for Traveler’s Diarrhea: If diarrhea lasts longer than three days. […] If blood, mucus, or worms are seen in the stool. […] If the person has pain in the abdomen or rectum. […] If the person has a temperature greater than 102 F (38.8 C). […] If a severe headache develops. […] If the person has signs of water loss including dry mouth, excessive thirst, little or no urination, or feels lightheaded.

• #3 Traveler’s Diarrhea Ocala, FL

  https://ocalaflwomenshealth.com/womens-health/healthwise/?DOCHWID=aa140669spec

  Traveler’s diarrhea is a common medical problem for people traveling from developed, industrialized countries to developing areas of the world. […] Traveler’s diarrhea can be mild to severe. Most people who develop traveler’s diarrhea experience symptoms within the first 2 weeks, and often within 2 to 3 days, of arriving in a developing area. Symptoms include: Diarrhea. Abdominal cramps. Mild to severe dehydration. General lack of energy, nausea, and vomiting. Fever, vomiting, and stools with blood or mucus. These symptoms mean you have serious diarrhea, which is more likely to lead to problems with dehydration. Dehydration may alter the effect of any medicines being taken, such as oral contraceptives or antimalarials. […] Traveler’s diarrhea doesn’t usually need treatment. It will usually clear up on its own. But you may need antibiotics, or your doctor may recommend over-the-counter medicines. Some people need I.V. fluids. It’s important to keep drinking fluids while you have diarrhea. Rehydration drinks are the best choice.

• #4 Preventing and Managing Traveler’s Diarrhea: Stay Healthy on Your Adventures – Cura4U

  https://cura4u.com/blog/preventing-and-managing-travelers-diarrhea

  Traveler’s diarrhea presents with a range of symptoms, with diarrhea being the primary manifestation. Typically, diarrhea occurs within one to three days after exposure to contaminated food and water. In addition to diarrhea, individuals may experience other accompanying symptoms such as abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, and fever. The severity and duration of these symptoms can vary depending on the specific causative pathogen involved. […] Recognizing the symptoms and seeking prompt medical attention is crucial to prevent these complications and promote a swift recovery. Healthcare professionals can provide appropriate management strategies, including rehydration methods, electrolyte replacement, and guidance on dietary adjustments. By addressing symptoms proactively and receiving adequate care, individuals can minimize the risk of complications and facilitate a faster return to optimal health.

• #5 Traveler’s Diarrhea Medication | Online Prescription | Runway Health

  https://runwayhealth.com/travelers-diarrhea/

  Traveler’s diarrhea is surprisingly common and affects 20-50% of travelers, depending on the region. A digestive tract disorder that causes stomach pain, abdominal cramps and diarrhea, it is brought on by bacteria in food or drink. […] Runway offers both ciprofloxacin and azithromycin to battle upset-stomach-causing bacteria and allow you to feel ready for the day in no time. Use as directed. […] Typical symptoms of traveler’s diarrhea can include: Abrupt onset of diarrhea, Fever, Nausea and vomiting, Bloating, Urgent need to have a bowel movement, Malaise (weakness or discomfort), Explosive and painful gas, Cramps, Loss of appetite. […] For milder cases, you can take bisuth subsalicylate, like Pepto-Bismol (among other brands) and increase fluids and electrolytes to replenish the body. […] Your physician is available for chat based care before, during and after your travels.

• #6 Travelers’ diarrhea: Treatment and prevention – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/travelers-diarrhea-clinical-manifestations-diagnosis-and-treatment

  Travelers’ diarrhea refers to development of unformed stools associated with travel to a region where sanitation and hygienic practices are poor and there is limited access to safe drinking water. It is the most common travel-associated illness; among travelers to such regions, 30 to 70 percent develop diarrhea. […] Most cases of travelers’ diarrhea resolve on their own within three to five days of treatment with oral fluid replacement. Antimotility agents can provide symptomatic relief but should not be used for travelers with diarrhea associated with fever or bloody stools. […] The benefit of antibiotics must be weighed against potential risks, including adverse effects and selection for resistant bacteria.

• #7 For Your Travel Checklist: Preventing Traveler’s Diarrhea | University Hospitals

  https://www.uhhospitals.org/blog/articles/2025/04/travel-checklist-preventing-travelers-diarrhea

  Travelers diarrhea is the most common travel-related illness, typically caused by exposure to bacteria in water or food. […] Loose, watery stools are the primary symptom of travelers diarrhea. Abdominal cramps, bloating, nausea, vomiting and fever are also possible. Symptoms will generally resolve on their own in three to five days, says Walker. […] She recommends the following to help prevent travelers diarrhea: Drink bottled water only. Make sure youre breaking the seal of the bottled water, because there are reports of people selling tap water in a plastic bottle, says Walker. […] Travelers with diarrhea should drink clear liquids and hydrate with an electrolyte drink such as Gatorade, she says. […] Regardless of the cause of the diarrhea, treatment typically comes down to managing symptoms. The main goal is to prevent dehydration by drinking plenty of fluid or with oral rehydration solutions, says Walker.

• #8 Travelers’ Diarrhea? Tips and Recommendations – Lainco

  https://lainco.com/en/travelers-diarrhea-tips-and-recommendations/

  Travelers diarrhea is primarily acquired through the ingestion of food and drink contaminated with diarrhea-causing pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites. […] The average duration of diarrhea is about 4 or 5 days, however, in certain cases it can be longer. […] It is important to mention that, for people over 65 years of age and children, who have a more vulnerable digestive system, care must be taken and these factors considered on any trip. […] If you find yourself in this situation, it is important to take measures to manage it effectively and recover as quickly as possible. […] Here are some useful tips based on information provided by health and travel experts to treat diarrhea while traveling: Stay hydrated, you can drink at least 2 liters of water a day and use oral rehydration solutions.

• #9 Traveler’s Diarrhea Causes, Symptoms, Contagious & Treatment

  https://www.medicinenet.com/travelers_diarrhea/article.htm

  Traveler’s diarrhea is commonly accompanied by abdominal cramps, nausea, and bloating. […] Traveler’s diarrhea usually is contracted by the ingestion of contaminated food or water. […] The CDC estimates up to 80% of cases of traveler’s diarrhea are caused by bacteria. […] Other bacterial species implicated in traveler’s diarrhea include Campylobacter jejuni, Shigella, and Salmonella. […] The presumptive diagnosis of traveler’s diarrhea is based solely on the development of diarrhea when visiting a part of the world where this condition is common among travelers. […] Although prophylactic antibiotics are effective in preventing traveler’s diarrhea, they generally are not recommended. […] Oral fluids are a mainstay of therapy since they are important to prevent dehydration. […] If the affected individual cannot hold down fluids or is losing fluids faster than they can take them in, seek medical care immediately because some patients will require IV hydration.

• #10 Diarrhea – Knowledge @ AMBOSS

  https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/diarrhea/

  Traveler’s diarrhea is defined as 3 unformed stools with at least one additional enteric symptom occurring after recent travel. […] The highest rates occur after travel to Africa and South, Central, and West Asia. Approximately 25% of all travelers develop traveler’s diarrhea. […] Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) is the most common cause of traveler’s diarrhea globally. […] For most destinations: ciprofloxacin (off label) OR rifaximin. […] For travelers to South or Southeast Asia: azithromycin (off label). […] Treatment for dehydration (e.g., oral rehydration solution). […] Bismuth subsalicylate for patients with mild to moderate illness. […] Loperamide for patients receiving antibiotic therapy (can reduce the duration of illness). […] Antibiotic treatment is not recommended in patients with mild traveler’s diarrhea. […] Bismuth subsalicylate is an antidiarrheal agent used to treat traveler’s diarrhea (caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli).

• #11

  https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/page/travelers-diarrhea

  Travelers’ diarrhea is the most common travel-related illness. It can occur anywhere, but the highest-risk destinations are in Asia (except for Japan and South Korea) as well as the Middle East, Africa, Mexico, and Central and South America. […] In otherwise healthy adults, diarrhea is rarely serious or life-threatening, but it can make a trip very unpleasant. […] You can take steps to avoid travelers diarrhea. […] Wash your hands often with soap and water, especially after using the bathroom and before eating. If soap and water aren’t available, use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer. […] If you get diarrhea, drink lots of fluids to stay hydrated. In serious cases of travelers diarrhea, oral rehydration solution available online or in pharmacies in developing countries can be used for fluid replacements. […] Several drugs, such as loperamide, can be bought over-the-counter to treat the symptoms of diarrhea. […] Your doctor may give you antibiotics to treat travelers diarrhea, but consider using them only for severe cases.

• #12 Preventing and Managing Traveler’s Diarrhea: Stay Healthy on Your Adventures – Cura4U

  https://cura4u.com/blog/preventing-and-managing-travelers-diarrhea

  Preventing traveler’s diarrhea is crucial, and implementing effective preventive measures can significantly reduce the risk of encountering this condition. Consider the following comprehensive strategies: […] By diligently following these preventive strategies, you can significantly minimize the risk of contracting traveler’s diarrhea and enjoy a healthier and more enjoyable travel experience. […] When embarking on your travel adventures, it is crucial to be prepared with a well-stocked travel first aid kit that includes essential medications and supplies. This ensures you are equipped to handle symptom relief and minor injuries that may arise. […] Having these items readily available in your travel first aid kit can provide peace of mind and prompt treatment when necessary. Remember to follow proper dosage instructions and consult with a healthcare professional for personalized advice and guidance specific to your needs.

• #13 Travellers’ diarrhea – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/diarrhea.html

  Travellers’ diarrhea is the most common illness that affects travellers. […] Travellers are at higher risk when going to destinations with poor standards of hygiene and sanitation and/or eating at places with poor food handling practices. […] Young children, the elderly, and people with existing health problems are more at risk. […] Travellers’ diarrhea is spread by eating food or drinking water that is contaminated or through person-to-person contact due to poor hygiene. […] In more severe and rare cases, travellers’ diarrhea can lead to dehydration and death. This is a particular concern for children, the elderly and individuals with chronic diseases or weakened immune systems. […] The most important treatment is to maintain hydration: Drink lots of fluids. This is especially important for children, people with existing health problems and the elderly. In moderate to severe cases, use oral rehydration solutions.

• #14 Traveler’s Diarrhea – Digestive Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/digestive-disorders/gastroenteritis/traveler-s-diarrhea

  Preventive antibiotics are recommended only for people who are particularly susceptible to the consequences of travelers diarrhea, such as those whose immune system is impaired, those who have inflammatory bowel disease, those who have HIV, those who have received an organ transplant, and those who have severe heart or kidney disease.

• #14 Traveler’s Diarrhea – Digestive Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/digestive-disorders/gastroenteritis/traveler-s-diarrhea

  Travelers diarrhea can be caused by bacteria, parasites, or viruses. […] Treatment involves drinking plenty of safe fluids and sometimes taking antidiarrheal medications or antibiotics. […] When symptoms occur, treatment includes drinking plenty of fluids and taking antidiarrheal medications such as loperamide. […] Antidiarrheal medications are also not given to people who have recently used antibiotics, who have bloody diarrhea, who have small amounts of blood in the stool that are too small to be seen, or who have diarrhea and fever. […] Antibiotics are not necessary for mild traveler’s diarrhea. […] However, if diarrhea is more severe (3 or more loose stools over 8 hours), antibiotics are often given. […] Travelers are encouraged to seek medical care if they develop fever or blood in the stool.

• #15 Diarrhea Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plan – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/diarrhea/

  Nursing Assessment and Rationales […] A thorough assessment is important to ascertain potential problems that may have led to diarrhea and handle any conflict that may appear during nursing care. […] Assess for abdominal discomfort, pain, cramping, frequency, urgency, loose or liquid stools, and hyperactive bowel sensations. […] Determine hydration status by assessing input and output. Diarrhea can lead to profound dehydration. […] Assess moisture of mucous membranes. Dehydration causes dry mucous membranes. […] Assess skin turgor. A decrease in skin turgor is exhibited when the skin (on the back of the hand for an adult or the abdomen for a child) is pinched and released but does not flatten back to normal right away. […] Assess for other signs of dehydration. Signs of dehydration include thirst, urinating less frequently than normal, dark-colored urine, dry mouth and tongue, feeling tired, sunken eyes or cheeks, lightheadedness or fainting, and a decreased skin turgor.

• #16 Traveler’s diarrhea – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/travelers-diarrhea/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352188

  Diagnosing traveler’s diarrhea typically involves taking a medical and travel history. A physical exam may be done to check for signs of dehydration. If symptoms are serious or don’t resolve on their own, a stool sample may be done to check for microorganisms. […] Traveler’s diarrhea may get better without any treatment. But while you’re waiting, it’s important to try to stay hydrated with safe liquids, such as bottled water or water with electrolytes such as an oral rehydration solution. […] Dehydration is the most likely complication of traveler’s diarrhea, so it’s important to try to stay well hydrated. […] An oral rehydration salts (ORS) solution is the best way to replace lost fluids. These solutions contain water and salts in specific proportions to replenish both fluids and electrolytes.

• #17 FloridaHealthFinder | Traveler’s diarrhea diet | Health Encyclopedia | FloridaHealthFinder

  https://quality.healthfinder.fl.gov/health-encyclopedia/HIE/1/002433

  Wash hands often. […] Your doctor may recommend medicines to help lower your chances of getting sick. […] If you have diarrhea, follow these tips to help you feel better: […] Drink 8 to 10 glasses of clear fluids every day. Water or an oral rehydration solution is best. […] Dehydration means your body does not have as much water and fluids as it should. It is a very big problem for children or people who are in a hot climate. […] Get medical help right away if you or your child has symptoms of severe dehydration, or if you have a fever or bloody stools.

• #18 Traveler’s diarrhea – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/travelers-diarrhea/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352188

  If dehydration symptoms such as dry mouth, intense thirst, little or no urination, dizziness, or extreme weakness don’t improve, seek medical care right away. Oral rehydration solutions are intended only for urgent short-term use. […] If you do get traveler’s diarrhea, avoid caffeine, alcohol and dairy products, which may worsen symptoms or increase fluid loss. […] Call a doctor if you have diarrhea that is severe, lasts more than a few days or is bloody. […] Other signs that you should seek medical attention include: A fever of 102 F (39 C) or higher. Ongoing vomiting. Signs of severe dehydration, including a dry mouth, muscle cramps, decreased urine output, dizziness or fatigue. […] Your doctor is likely to ask you a number of questions. Being ready to answer them may reserve time to go over points you want to talk about in-depth.

• #19 Travelers’ Diarrhea: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, More

  https://www.health.com/condition/diarrhea/travelers-diarrhea

  Travelers’ diarrhea causes loose, watery stools, usually brought about by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Generally, mild cases of travelers’ diarrhea resolve with hydration, rest, and a bland diet. Still, travelers’ diarrhea may lead to complications, such as dehydration and malabsorption. […] Treatment for travelers’ diarrhea depends on the severity of the case and may include the following: Fluid replenishment: To avoid dehydration, increasing your water intake is essential. Sports drinks and electrolyte mixes can help, too. In contrast, milk and fruit juices can worsen diarrhea, increasing the risk of dehydration. You may require oral rehydration salt or intravenous (IV) fluids to replenish fluids for severe cases. […] Try the following to make yourself as comfortable as possible: Hydrate to prevent dehydration. Get lots of rest. Eat small, gentle meals on your stomach, such as salty (e.g., pretzels, crackers, soup, sports drinks) and high-potassium (e.g., bananas, potatoes without the skin, fruit juices) foods.

• #20 Preventing and Managing Traveler’s Diarrhea: Stay Healthy on Your Adventures – Cura4U

  https://cura4u.com/blog/preventing-and-managing-travelers-diarrhea

  Making appropriate nutritional adjustments can play a significant role in both preventing and managing traveler’s diarrhea. […] By following these dietary considerations, you can support your digestive system and minimize the likelihood of developing or worsening symptoms of traveler’s diarrhea. […] If you experience symptoms of traveler’s diarrhea (TD), there are several measures you can take to effectively manage them and minimize their impact on your travel plans. […] Everyone’s experience with TD can vary, and it is important to consult with a healthcare professional for personalized advice and guidance based on your situation. […] While most cases of traveler’s diarrhea (TD) resolve on their own within a few days, there are situations where medical attention is necessary. […] In these situations, seeking medical assistance is important to ensure proper diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

• #21 Traveler’s Diarrhea: What It Is, Treatment & Antibiotics

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/7315-travelers-diarrhea

  Travelers diarrhea is the most common illness that affects international travelers. Healthcare providers may prescribe antibiotics if you have a severe case of travelers diarrhea. […] Taking precautions, like washing your hands often and watching what you eat and drink, can reduce your risk. If that happens to you, get some rest, stay hydrated and know you’ll probably feel better in a few days. […] Your healthcare provider may recommend getting extra rest and hydration. Certain sports drinks and over-the-counter (OTC) sports rehydration formulas can help replenish lost electrolytes. But if your symptoms are severe or don’t go away, your provider may prescribe drugs like antidiarrheals or antibiotics. […] If you or your child has travelers diarrhea, the following steps may help: Drink up. Bottled water, certain sports drinks and over-the-counter oral rehydration solutions are all good sources of hydration. Eat, but take it easy. Start with clear soups and popsicles. Next try the BRAT diet: bananas, rice, applesauce and toast. […] Contact your healthcare provider if you develop the following symptoms: Blood or mucus that you spot after pooping or wiping, Fever, Three or more loose poops in a day even though you’re following treatment or taking medication.

• #22 Diarrhea Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plan – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/diarrhea/

  Assess history for foreign travel, ingestion of unpasteurized dairy products, or drinking untreated water. Patients may acquire intestinal infections from eating contaminated foods or drinking contaminated water. […] Encourage intake of fluids 1.5 to 2 L/24 hr plus 200 mL for each loose stool in adults unless contraindicated; consider nutritional support. […] Educate patient or caregiver about dietary measures to control diarrhea. These measures include avoiding spicy, fatty foods, alcohol, and caffeine; broiling, baking, or boiling foods instead of frying in oil; and avoiding disagreeable foods. […] Remind the patient of the importance of diet modification. Diet modification is an important part of self-management for patients with diarrhea. […] Allow patient to communicate with nurse or caregiver if diarrhea occurs with prescription drugs. Many diarrheas have more than one mechanism.

• #23 Travelers’ Diarrhea | Yellow Book | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/yellow-book/hcp/preparing-international-travelers/travelers-diarrhea.html

  Healthcare professionals should advise on food safety and options for medications to prevent and treat travelers diarrhea. […] An acute (less than 2 weeks) bout of TD can lead to persistent enteric symptoms, even in the absence of continued infection. […] Where provided, effective food-handling courses have been shown to decrease the risk for TD. […] The primary agent studied for prevention of TD, other than antibiotics, is bismuth subsalicylate (BSS). […] Travelers with aspirin allergy, gout, or renal insufficiency and those taking anticoagulants, methotrexate, or probenecid should not take BSS. […] The effectiveness of a particular standby antimicrobial drug for self-treatment depends on the etiologic agent and its antibiotic sensitivity. […] The main treatment for TD in children is ORS. […] Consider empiric antibiotic therapy for severe watery diarrhea or evidence of systemic infection. […] In children with bloody diarrhea, empiric antibiotic therapy must be weighed against the risk of hemolytic uremic syndrome in association with Shiga-toxin producing E. coli infection.

• #24 Traveler’s diarrhea – WikEM

  https://wikem.org/wiki/Traveler%27s_diarrhea

  A diarrheal syndrome which may be caused by a variety of intestinal pathogens contracted while traveling, particularly in low-income countries. […] Most cases respond to antibiotics (as opposed to non-traveler’s acute gastroenteritis, which is most commonly caused by viruses). […] The average duration of untreated travelers diarrhea is 4 to 5 days. […] PO hydration and consider oral rehydration fluids. […] Consider ondansetron if concurrent nausea/vomiting. […] Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto Bismol) ~524 mg every 30 to 60 minutes or 1,050 mg every 60 minutes as needed (maximum: ~4,200 mg/24 hours). […] Consider IVF if dehydrated. […] Consider loperamide 4mg PO followed by 2mg after each loose stool (Max: 16mg/day). […] Ciprofloxacin 750mg PO once daily x 1-3 days. […] Azithromycin 500mg PO q24h x 3 days OR 1000mg PO x 1. […] Rifaximin 200mg PO TID x 3 days. […] Outpatient for the vast majority. […] Consider admission if systemic toxicity. […] Postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome. […] Reactive arthritis. […] Guillain-Barre syndrome.

• #25 Acute Diarrhea in Adults | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2014/0201/p180.html

  Antibiotics (usually a quinolone) reduce the duration and severity of traveler’s diarrhea. A loperamide/simethicone combination has demonstrated faster and more complete relief of acute nonspecific diarrhea and gas-related discomfort compared with either medication alone. […] When used appropriately, antibiotics are effective for shigellosis, campylobacteriosis, Clostridium difficile, traveler’s diarrhea, and protozoal infections. […] The first step to treating acute diarrhea is rehydration, preferably oral rehydration. […] The antimotility agent loperamide (Imodium) may reduce the duration of diarrhea by as much as one day and increase the likelihood of clinical cure at 24 and 48 hours when given with antibiotics for traveler’s diarrhea. […] Antibiotic treatment of traveler’s diarrhea (usually a quinolone) is associated with decreased severity of illness and a two-or three-day reduction in duration of illness.

• #26 Traveler’s Diarrhea: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.traveler’s-diarrhea-care-instructions.ug5187

  Traveler’s diarrhea usually isn’t serious. Most of the time, bowel movements return to normal quickly. The most important thing is to prevent dehydration. Make sure to drink a lot of fluids. […] Watch for signs of dehydration. This means your body has lost too much water. Dehydration is serious and needs to be treated right away. Signs of dehydration are: Feeling more thirsty than usual. Dry eyes and mouth. Feeling faint or lightheaded. A smaller amount of urine than normal. […] To prevent dehydration, drink plenty of fluids. Choose bottled or boiled water and other clear liquids until you feel better. […] If your doctor prescribes antibiotics, take them as directed. Do not stop taking them just because you feel better. You need to take the full course of antibiotics. […] Call your doctor now or seek immediate medical care if: You are dizzy or lightheaded, or you feel like you may faint. You have signs of needing more fluids. You have sunken eyes, a dry mouth, and pass only a little urine.

• #27 Traveler’s Diarrhea | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2005/0601/p2095.html

  Oral rehydration solutions generally are unnecessary in adults younger than 65 years. […] Travelers diarrhea is more common in young children than in adults, and they have a higher risk of dehydration and severe illness. […] Parents should seek immediate medical attention if their child shows signs of moderate to severe dehydration, bloody diarrhea, a temperature higher than 39C (102F), or persistent vomiting. […] Fluoroquinolones are not approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in children, and rifaximin is approved only for children 12 years and older. Therefore, azithromycin is the drug of choice for most children with travelers diarrhea. […] Pregnant women may be at higher risk of travelers diarrhea than nonpregnant women because of lowered gastric acidity and increased gastrointestinal transit time. […] Oral rehydration should be emphasized.

• #28

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=ug5187

  Call your doctor or nurse advice line now or seek immediate medical care if: You are dizzy or light-headed, or you feel like you may faint. Your stools are black and look like tar, or they have streaks of blood. You have diarrhea and your belly pain or cramps are worse. You have signs of needing more fluids. You have sunken eyes, a dry mouth, and pass only a little urine. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if: You have 12 or more loose stools in 24 hours. You see pus in the diarrhea. You have a new or higher fever. Your diarrhea does not get better or is more frequent.

• #29 FloridaHealthFinder | Traveler’s diarrhea diet | Health Encyclopedia | FloridaHealthFinder

  https://quality.healthfinder.fl.gov/health-encyclopedia/HIE/1/002433

  Traveler’s diarrhea causes loose, watery stools. People can get traveler’s diarrhea when they visit places where the water is not clean or the food is not handled safely. This can include developing countries in Latin America, Africa, the Middle East, and Asia. […] You can lower your risk of getting traveler’s diarrhea by avoiding water, ice, and food that may be contaminated. The goal of the traveler’s diarrhea diet is to make your symptoms better and prevent you from getting dehydrated. […] How to prevent traveler’s diarrhea: […] Do not use tap water to drink or brush your teeth. […] Drink only pasteurized milk. […] Do not eat raw fruits and vegetables unless you peel them. Wash all fruits and vegetables before eating them. […] Eat hot, well-cooked foods. Heat kills the bacteria. But do not eat hot foods that have been sitting around for a long time.

• #30 Travelling with IBD

  https://crohnsandcolitis.ca/About-Crohn-s-Colitis/IBD-Journey/Travel-and-Lifestyle/Travelers-diarrhea

  Travelers diarrhea is typically defined as 12-72 hours of diarrhea, which can be accompanied by nausea, cramps, fever, and vomiting. It is usually caused by contaminated food and water. […] Here are some tips to help you prevent diarrhea during travel: Try to stick to the diet you usually do at home. There can be temptation to indulge in too much food and drink while on vacation. You may want to get advice on what to eat from your dietitian before you travel if the cuisine is different from what you are used to eating. […] Do not drink tap water, unless you boil it first. Instead, drink bottled water, even while brushing your teeth. Also, avoid getting water into your mouth when you shower or swim. […] Avoid non-carbonated beverages that could be made with tap water, such as lemonade and fruit juices, and foods made with water, such as ice cream.

• #31 Travelling with IBD

  https://crohnsandcolitis.ca/About-Crohn-s-Colitis/IBD-Journey/Travel-and-Lifestyle/Travelers-diarrhea

  Do not eat street food from vendors. […] Remove fruit peels and egg shells yourself. […] Do not eat food that is sitting at room temperature. […] Avoid ice cubes where tap water is used. […] Avoid uncooked foods like raw vegetables and salads as well as raw or undercooked meats and fish. […] Wash your hands with soap and water or carry anti-bacterial gel and use it frequently. […] Try these remedies to help you manage diarrhea during travel: Drink lots of fluids, especially rehydration drinks and weak tea made with either bottled or boiled water. […] Avoid ice cold drinks, coffee, and alcohol, which can worsen diarrhea. […] Consume extra salt to help prevent dehydration. […] Consult your doctor before taking over-the-counter antidiarrheal medications. […] Contact your doctor if you are experiencing a high fever, bloody diarrhea, and persistent pain. You may need to check for bacteria and parasites.

• #32 Diarrhea Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plan – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/diarrhea/

  Discuss the importance of fluid replacement during diarrheal episodes. Aside from antidiarrheal agents, nutritional support, and antimicrobial therapy, one of the primary treatments for diarrhea is fluid replacement. […] Provide emotional support for patients who have trouble controlling unpredictable episodes of diarrhea. Diarrhea can be a great source of embarrassment to the elderly and lead to social isolation and a feeling of powerlessness.

• #33 Travellers’ diarrhea – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/diarrhea.html

  Your health care provider may discuss the possibility of using antibiotics to treat moderate to severe diarrhea. […] Consult a health care provider or visit a travel health clinic preferably six weeks before you travel. […] Seek medical attention if you have bloody diarrhea, high fever, persistent vomiting, severe abdominal pain, profuse sweating, or signs of dehydration. In some cases, diarrhea may be a sign of another infection (for example, malaria), so it is important to see a health care provider, discuss your symptoms and remember to tell them where you have been travelling or living. […] Seek medical attention immediately if your infant or young child develops signs of dehydration, bloody diarrhea, fever or persistent vomiting.

• #34 Traveler’s Diarrhea – Gastrointestinal Infections – Intestinal Diseases – Gastrointestinal Diseases – Gastroenterology – Diseases – McMaster Textbook of Internal Medicine

  https://empendium.com/mcmtextbook/chapter/B31.II.4.24.1.5.

  Travelers diarrhea refers to signs and symptoms caused by ingestion of food or water contaminated with pathogens. […] Treatment is the same as in acute infectious diarrhea. Self-administration of antibiotic therapy is recommended in travelers with moderate or severe diarrhea (3 loose stools within 24 hours with other intestinal signs and symptoms) as well as in patients not responding to symptomatic treatment. […] Selected patients such as those with a limited ability to tolerate dehydration or infection, for instance, immunocompromised hosts, and patients travelling to remote destinations where access to health-care providers is limited could be prescribed all the necessary drugs prior to departure and could be provided with a written self-treatment strategy in case of infection as well as guidelines for seeking medical attention when necessary. […] Prophylactic antimicrobial treatment should be considered in patients at high risk for severe bacterial diarrhea and its complications and those unable to tolerate diarrhea who are traveling to high-risk areas.

• #35 Traveler’s Diarrhea | The Children’s Hospital at Montefiore

  https://www.cham.org/health-library/article?id=aa140669spec

  Traveler’s diarrhea doesn’t usually need treatment. It will usually clear up on its own. But you may need antibiotics, or your doctor may recommend over-the-counter medicines. Some people need I.V. fluids. It’s important to keep drinking fluids while you have diarrhea. Rehydration drinks are the best choice. […] Good hand-washing is important in preventing the spread of infectious diseases. Washing with treated water or using alcohol wipes or antibacterial gels to disinfect your hands are good ways to reduce your risk of getting an infectious disease. […] Talk with your doctor about antibiotics you can carry with you on your trip and instructions on when to use them just in case you should develop diarrhea.

• #36 Travelers’ Diarrhea? Tips and Recommendations – Lainco

  https://lainco.com/en/travelers-diarrhea-tips-and-recommendations/

  If the diarrhea is mild, there are antidiarrheal medications that can help with the symptoms. […] On the other hand, here are some measures to prevent and avoid travelers diarrhea on every trip you make: Choose cooked and hot foods. […] In conclusion, dealing with travelers diarrhea can be challenging, but with proper care and symptom management, you can overcome it and continue enjoying your trip.

• #37 For Your Travel Checklist: Preventing Traveler’s Diarrhea | University Hospitals

  https://www.uhhospitals.org/blog/articles/2025/04/travel-checklist-preventing-travelers-diarrhea

  If a person is unable to keep any liquids down, this is a sign that further medical care and possible IV hydration is needed, says Walker. […] Other symptoms that require medical care include: High fever, Bloody or black stools, Severe dehydration, Severe abdominal pain, Severe diarrhea that does not improve after a few days. […] If a person has diarrhea that isnt resolving after returning from a trip, I suggest being seen by an infectious disease practitioner, she says.

• #38 Traveler’s Diarrhea | CommonSpirit Health

  https://www.commonspirit.org/conditions-treatments/travelers-diarrhea

  Traveler’s diarrhea is a common medical problem for people traveling from developed, industrialized countries to developing areas of the world. […] Treatment for traveler’s diarrhea includes drinking fluids to avoid dehydration, taking nonprescription medicines, and in some cases, antibiotics and intravenous (I.V.) fluids. […] Children 2 years old or younger are at high risk of dehydration from diarrhea. If your child has diarrhea: […] Seek medical help immediately if you or your child has bloody diarrhea, fever, or persistent vomiting, and give rehydration fluids in the meantime. […] Watch for signs of dehydration. This means your body has lost too much water. Dehydration is serious and needs to be treated right away. […] To prevent dehydration, drink plenty of fluids. Choose bottled or boiled water and other clear liquids until you feel better.

• #39 Traveler’s Diarrhea: Causes, Symptoms, and Prevention

  https://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/travelers-diarrhea

  Traveler’s diarrhea usually clears up on its own, but there are some things you can do to manage your symptoms and feel better faster. […] The most important treatment is staying hydrated and replacing minerals lost through diarrhea. The best way to do this is with an oral rehydration solution, such as the World Health Organization’s oral rehydration salts (ORS) solution. […] Make sure your child keeps drinking fluids such as juices, clean water, or ORS solution. Medications aren’t recommended for children. Contact a health professional if your child isn’t able to keep fluids down, is becoming dehydrated, has a fever, or passes bloody poop. […] Seek medical help for traveler’s diarrhea if: Diarrhea is severe, bloody, or does not resolve within a few days. […] You can’t always avoid traveler’s diarrhea, but you can reduce your risk by taking these steps: Drink only bottled water with unbroken seals, boiled tap water, and purified water. […] If your symptoms are severe, your doctor might prescribe antibiotics.

• #40 Traveler’s diarrhea diet – UF Health

  https://ufhealth.org/conditions-and-treatments/travelers-diarrhea-diet

  Traveler’s diarrhea is rarely dangerous in adults. It can be more serious in children. […] The goal of the traveler’s diarrhea diet is to make your symptoms better and prevent you from getting dehydrated. […] If you have diarrhea, follow these tips to help you feel better: Drink 8 to 10 glasses of clear fluids every day. Water or an oral rehydration solution is best. […] Get medical help right away if you or your child has symptoms of severe dehydration, or if you have a fever or bloody stools.

• #41 Travelers’ Diarrhea – Traveler Summary – TripPrep.com

  https://tripprep.com/library/travelers-diarrhea

  Immediate medical care is imperative if an infant or child shows signs of severe dehydration, bloody diarrhea, fever higher than 38.5C (101.5F), or persistent vomiting. […] Increased fluid intake is necessary to correct dehydration. Most cases will resolve with hydration and symptomatic treatment with antimotility or antisecretory agents. […] All severe TD cases should receive antibiotics. […] Loperamide should not be taken by travelers with fever or with bloody stool. […] Antibiotic use increases intestinal carriage of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in returning travelers; travelers should be encouraged to restrict the use of antibiotics to self-treatment of diarrhea that is severe.

• #42 Traveler’s Diarrhea: Travel Clinic: Health Answers: Student Health Center: Indiana University Bloomington

  https://healthcenter.indiana.edu/health-answers/travel/travelers-diarrhea.html

  Travelers diarrhea is usually a self-limiting episode of diarrhea that results from eating food or water that is contaminated with bacteria or viruses. […] The most important part of treating diarrhea is to avoid dehydration. You need to drink non-alcoholic, non-caffeinated liquids or oral rehydration solution and eat salted crackers. […] Take Imodium or Pepto Bismol. […] Take Imodium. […] Take antibiotic – Azithromycin, also can take Imodium if not contraindicated. […] You should see a doctor IF: 3 tablets of Azithromycin, or 6 tablets of Cipro do not give relief. […] Remember: Cipro is not recommended for pregnant women and children under 18.

• #43 Traveler’s Diarrhea: Treatment, Symptoms, Contagious & Antibiotics

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/travelers_diarrhea/article_em.htm

  If the person’s immune system is weakened by another condition such as HIV or cancer. […] If the symptoms do not improve when the individual drinks fluids or uses nonprescription medications for diarrhea. […] Vomiting prevents fluid intake. […] When to go to the hospital: Continuing bloody diarrhea. […] Severe weakness. […] Passing out (fainting). […] Dehydration. […] For mild cases, the doctor may recommend the nonprescription medications bismuth subsalicylate and loperamide. […] The use of antibiotics can reduce the duration of illness from days to hours. […] It is best to see your physician prior to foreign travel and bring the necessary medications with you to prevent any unnecessary trips to doctors or hospitals in foreign countries. […] Traveler’s diarrhea rarely requires hospitalization and usually is not life-threatening unless severe dehydration develops.

• #44 Traveler’s diarrhea | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/travelers-diarrhea?content_id=CON-20166940

  Be especially cautious with children because traveler’s diarrhea can cause severe dehydration in a short time. […] Dehydration caused by diarrhea can cause serious complications, including organ damage, shock or coma. Symptoms of dehydration include a very dry mouth, intense thirst, little or no urination, dizziness, or extreme weakness. […] If you have more than four loose stools a day or severe symptoms, including a fever or blood, pus or mucus in your stools, a doctor may prescribe a course of antibiotics. […] Dehydration is the most likely complication of traveler’s diarrhea, so it’s important to try to stay well hydrated. […] If dehydration symptoms such as dry mouth, intense thirst, little or no urination, dizziness, or extreme weakness don’t improve, seek medical care right away. Oral rehydration solutions are intended only for urgent short-term use.

• #45 Travelers’ diarrhea – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travelers%27_diarrhea

  Most cases of TD are mild and resolve in a few days without treatment, but severe or protracted cases may result in significant fluid loss and dangerous electrolytic imbalance. Dehydration due to diarrhea can also alter the effectiveness of medicinal and contraceptive drugs. Adequate fluid intake (oral rehydration therapy) is therefore a high priority. Commercial rehydration drinks are widely available; alternatively, purified water or other clear liquids are recommended, along with salty crackers or oral rehydration salts to replenish lost electrolytes. […] If diarrhea becomes severe (typically defined as three or more loose stools in an eight-hour period), especially if associated with nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, fever, or blood in stools, medical treatment should be sought. Such patients may benefit from antimicrobial therapy. A 2000 literature review found that antibiotic treatment shortens the duration and severity of TD; most reported side effects were minor, or resolved on stopping the antibiotic.

• #46 Travelers Diarrhea – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459348/

  Traveler’s diarrhea is a common ailment in individuals traveling to resource-limited destinations overseas. […] This activity reviews the evaluation and management of traveler’s diarrhea and highlights the role of interprofessional team members in collaborating to provide well-coordinated care and enhance outcomes for affected patients. […] Explain the management of traveler’s diarrhea. […] The foundation of diarrhea management is fluid repletion. In mild cases, travelers should focus on increasing water intake. […] Treatment is supportive in mild-moderate cases. In patients without signs of inflammatory diarrhea, loperamide can be used for symptomatic relief. […] The key to traveler’s diarrhea is preventing it. Today, nurses, the primary care provider and the pharmacists are in the prime position to educate the patient on the importance of hydration and good hygiene.

• #47 Travelers Diarrhea – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459348/

  The primary care clinicians should monitor patients until there is a complete resolution of symptoms. Any patient that fails to improve within a few days should be referred to a specialist for further workup. […] The prognosis for most patients with traveler’s diarrhea is excellent. However, thousands of patients go to the emergency departments each year looking for a magical cure. Hydration is the key and admission is only required for severe dehydration and orthostatic hypotension.

• #48 Travelers Diarrhea | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/30554

  Travelers should be counseled on risk reduction before travel, including avoiding tap water ice, frequent hand washing, avoiding leafy vegetables or fruit that isn’t peeled, and avoiding street food. […] The foundation of diarrhea management is fluid repletion. In mild cases, travelers should focus on increasing water intake. […] Treatment is supportive in mild-moderate cases. In patients without signs of inflammatory diarrhea, loperamide can be used for symptomatic relief. […] The key to traveler’s diarrhea is preventing it. Today, nurses, the primary care provider and the pharmacists are in the prime position to educate the patient on the importance of hydration and good hygiene. […] The pharmacist should educate the traveler on managing the symptoms of diarrhea with over-the-counter medications or loperamide. […] Finally, the traveler should be educated on the symptoms of dehydration and when to seek medical care.

• #49 Travelers’ diarrhea – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travelers%27_diarrhea

  Travelers’ diarrhea (TD) is a stomach and intestinal infection. TD is defined as the passage of unformed stool (one or more by some definitions, three or more by others) while traveling. It may be accompanied by abdominal cramps, nausea, fever, headache and bloating. Occasionally dysentery may occur. Most travelers recover within three to four days with little or no treatment. About 12% of people may have symptoms for a week. […] Recommendations for prevention include eating only properly cleaned and cooked food, drinking bottled water, and frequent hand washing. The oral cholera vaccine, while effective for cholera, is of questionable use for travelers’ diarrhea. Preventive antibiotics are generally discouraged. Primary treatment includes rehydration and replacing lost salts (oral rehydration therapy). Antibiotics are recommended for significant or persistent symptoms, and can be taken with loperamide to decrease diarrhea. Hospitalization is required in less than 3 percent of cases.

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