Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Breath holding

  https://www.rch.org.au/kidsinfo/fact_sheets/breath_holding/

  Breath holding is common, especially in children aged six months to six years old. […] Breath-holding spells can happen after your child has had a fright or a minor accident, or when they are scolded, frustrated or very upset. […] Breath holding is frightening and distressing for parents and witnesses. It is important to remember the spell is not harmful and your child will start breathing again on their own. […] Most children who have breath-holding spells will have their first spell before they are 18 months old, and most children grow out of breath holding by the time they are six years old. […] Children who breath hold will usually have one to six spells per week, but up to 25 percent of children who breath hold will have multiple spells each day. […] There are two main types of breath holding: blue spells and pale spells.

• #1 Breath-holding in babies and children

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/breath-holding-in-babies-and-children/

  Your child is not holding their breath on purpose and cannot control what happens when they have a breath-holding episode. […] There’s no specific treatment for breath-holding. It should eventually stop by the time your child is 4 or 5 years old. […] Breath-holding is sometimes related to iron deficiency anaemia. […] Breath-holding is not something a child does deliberately. It’s usually triggered by a sudden shock or pain, or strong emotions like fear, upset or anger.

• #1 Breath-holding spells in infants

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4325862/

  A breath-holding spell is a benign paroxysmal nonepileptic disorder occurring in healthy children 6 to 48 months of age. The episodes start with a provocation such as emotional upset or minor injury, and might progress to breath holding, cyanosis, and syncope. […] Breath-holding spells are extremely frightening to parents. Episodes are described as infants crying, for up to a minute, and while crying excessively they will hold their breath to a point at which they might lose consciousness. […] Breath-holding spells are not harmful and pose no long-term risks for the infant. […] Many episodes of breath holding are associated with an inciting incident in which the infant is irritated, is being disciplined, or is angry. […] There are 2 known types of breath-holding spells. The most common (85%) is a cyanotic breath-holding spell, which occurs when facial cyanosis is noticed after the child stops breathing. A pallid breath-holding spell is associated with a sudden scare to the child, and he or she becomes extremely pale during the spell. […] Several studies, mostly from Turkey, suggest an association between breath-holding spells and anemia in young infants. […] Owing to the high frequency of anemia among children with breath-holding spells, testing for anemia or treating empirically for iron deficiency anemia is recommended.

• #1 Breath holding

  https://www.rch.org.au/kidsinfo/fact_sheets/breath_holding/

  Blue spells are the most common. […] Your child may have hurt themselves or become very upset or frustrated, and they will: cry or scream, breathe out forcefully, then breath hold and turn blue, especially around the lips this blueness is caused by a lack of oxygen, and lasts a few seconds, may then become floppy and lose consciousness (faint). […] Although this is scary to watch, no treatment is needed. […] No long-term damage is done due to the brief period with reduced blood oxygen levels. […] These are less common. […] They can happen in young children after a minor injury or if the child is upset. […] Pale spells are caused by a slow heart rate and are often mistaken for a seizure. […] Your child will: open their mouth as if to cry but no sound comes out, faint and look very pale, have a brief period where their arms and legs become stiff or lose control of their bladder/bowel.

• #1 Breath-Holding Spells in Toddlers | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/breath-holding-spells-toddlers

  Cyanotic breath-holding spells: This is the most common type of breath-holding spell, accounting for about 85% of occurrences. The cyanotic spell is often a response to frustration, anger, fear, or pain. It usually occurs when the child is crying and becomes unable to draw a breath. Their skin turns bluish, especially around the lips, and they faint. They regain consciousness within a minute. […] Pallid breath-holding spells: In this type of breath-holding spell, often triggered by a sudden pain or fright, the child turns a pale, grayish color, becomes sweaty or clammy, and loses consciousness. The heart rate slows, and the child’s limbs sometimes twitch and the child may urinate on themselves. As with the cyanotic spells, the child wakes up within one minute. […] If this is the first time your child has experienced one of these spells, contact your primary care provider. There may be a correlation of breath-holding spells with iron-deficiency anemia, so your child’s primary care provider may check the blood count. It is also important to rule out other more serious conditions that in rare cases may mimic breath holding spell. […] The parents best response to a breath-holding spell is to remain calm, recognize that your child isn’t doing it on purpose, and offer reassurance.

• #1 Breath-Holding Spells – Child Neurology Foundation

  https://www.childneurologyfoundation.org/disorder/breath-holding-spells/

  These are the most common type of breath-holding spells. They are seen in more than half of cases. […] They are provoked and preceded by crying. Sometimes, the crying is not intense. For instance, cyanotic spells can be provoked by mild sobbing. […] Triggers involve an emotional upset of some kind. An example might be an older sibling taking away a toy. […] A typical spell like this lasts less than a minute. […] This is usually only a respiratory event. It usually does not cause any change in heart rate or rhythm. […] These spells are not done on purpose by the child. Crying during a tantrum could provoke a spell. However, spells themselves are not self-induced temper tantrums. […] These are a less common type of breath-holding spell than cyanotic spells. However, they are more commonly mistaken for epileptic seizures.

• #1 Breath-holding Spell

  https://www.seattlechildrens.org/conditions/a-z/breath-holding-spell/

  A spell that involves holding the breath, then turning blue and passing out. […] Breath-holding spells were diagnosed by your child’s doctor. […] An upsetting event happens right before the spell. A common trigger is being angry about parents setting limits (temper tantrums). Another is getting scared. Some spells are triggered by a sudden injury, such as falling down. […] The child gives out 1 or 2 long cries. […] Then holds his breath until the lips and face become bluish. […] Then passes out and falls to the floor. […] Then often becomes stiff. May also have a few muscle jerks. […] Normal breathing starts again in less than 1 minute. Becomes fully alert in less than 2 minutes. […] Only happens when child is awake, never when asleep. […] A reflex response to strong feelings. This reflex allows some children to hold their breath long enough to pass out. Spells do not happen on purpose.

• #1 Breath-holding Spell

  https://www.seattlechildrens.org/conditions/a-z/breath-holding-spell/

  This happens in 5% of healthy children. Breath-holding spells can run in families. […] Starts between 6 months and 2 years of age. Goes away by age 6. […] Many young children hold their breath when upset, turn blue, but don’t pass out. This is common and normal. […] Frequent spells can happen in children who have anemia (low red blood count). This can happen if your child doesn’t eat enough foods with iron. If your child is a picky eater, your doctor may order a blood test. […] Spells happen from 1 or 2 times a day to 1 or 2 times a month. […] Kids outgrow them by age 6.

• #1 Breath-holding in babies and children

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/breath-holding-in-babies-and-children/

  Breath-holding is when a baby or child stops breathing for up to 1 minute and may faint. It can happen when a child is frightened, upset, angry, or has a sudden shock or pain. It’s usually harmless but can be scary for parents, particularly when it happens for the first time. […] During breath-holding, your child may: cry and then be silent while holding their breath, open their mouth as if going to cry but make no sound, turn pale, blue or grey, be floppy or stiff, or their body may jerk, faint for 1 or 2 minutes. Your child may be sleepy or confused for a short while afterwards. […] Breath-holding can be scary for parents, but it’s usually harmless and your child should grow out of it by the age of 4 or 5. […] Breath-holding episodes usually last for less than 1 minute (if the child faints, they’ll usually regain consciousness within 1 or 2 minutes) and are not epileptic seizures.

• #1 Breath-Holding Spells (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/spells.html

  A breath holding spell is when a child holds their breath, usually after being angry, frustrated, startled, or in pain. Sometimes the breath holding leads to the child passing out. […] It can be frightening to watch a breath-holding spell, but they arent harmful and usually last less than a minute. Kids outgrow the spells without any treatment. […] Both types of spells can make kids pass out for up to a minute. In the most extreme cases, kids might have seizures. Having a seizure does not cause any long-term harm or put a child at risk for a seizure disorder. […] Breath-holding spells happen in healthy children from 6 months to 6 years old. Theyre most common when kids are 618 months old, and tend to run in families. […] Doctors dont know the exact cause of breath-holding spells. Sometimes, iron-deficiency anemia might cause them. Treating the anemia may help reduce the number of spells.

• #1 Breath holding

  https://www.rch.org.au/kidsinfo/fact_sheets/breath_holding/

  Sometimes breath-holding spells are brought on by strong emotions such as anger, fear, pain or frustration. […] In around a third of children who breath hold, there is a family history of breath holding. […] Breath holding is not caused by a health problem and will not harm your child. […] It is believed that children who have breath holding spells may be more likely to faint as adolescents, and sometimes as adults. […] Although they are distressing to witness, breath-holding spells are not harmful to your child. […] After a spell, treat your child as normally as possible.

• #1 Breath-Holding Spells – Child Neurology Foundation

  https://www.childneurologyfoundation.org/disorder/breath-holding-spells/

  Pallid breath-holding spells resemble fainting. They can mimic other kinds of syncope. For instance, they can look like vasovagal syncope. […] These spells may last longer than a minute. […] During an attack, the child’s pulse slows significantly. This may frighten an observer. […] No long-term neurological or health issues occur as a consequence of having breath-holding spells in childhood. […] There is not an increased risk of having epileptic seizures associated with breath-holding spells. This is true even if the child shows convulsive movements during the spell. […] Overall, outlook is excellent for both types of breath-holding spells.

• #1 Breath holding

  https://www.rch.org.au/kidsinfo/fact_sheets/breath_holding/

  No treatment is needed and your child will start breathing and recover by themselves. […] While a breath-holding spell is frightening to see, breath holding is not a medical emergency. […] It is not harmful, and your child will start breathing again on their own. […] Take your child to the GP if: Your child is having very frequent spells (more than once a day or several times a week) this may still be normal but should be assessed by a doctor. […] Your child has a fit (seizure) that lasts longer than a couple of minutes, and they are then confused or drowsy for several hours after the spell. […] You are concerned for any other reason. […] The cause of breath holding is not known. […] Breath holding is usually involuntary, and is caused by a slowing of the heart rate or changes in your child’s usual breathing patterns.

• #1 Breath-Holding Spells – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539782/

  Breath-holding spells commonly affect up to 5% of all infants. While they are benign, they might be a frightening experience for children and, consequently, for their caregivers. Breath-holding spells occur in children with benign neurological examination findings and children who meet age-appropriate developmental milestones. Typically breath-holding spells do not affect the subsequent neurological development of a child. […] A breath-holding spell is a common benign phenomenon that affects up to 5% of children. These spells can be a frightening experience for children as well as parents. These spells are broken down into 2 types: cyanotic and pallid. The cyanotic type is usually precipitated by the child being angry or frustrated, which causes them to hold their breath until the face turns purple or blue. The pallid type is usually associated with a „sudden scare,” after which the child stops breathing. These episodes can last up to a minute, after which the child recovers completely.

• #2 Breath-holding Spell

  https://www.seattlechildrens.org/conditions/a-z/breath-holding-spell/

  This happens in 5% of healthy children. Breath-holding spells can run in families. […] Starts between 6 months and 2 years of age. Goes away by age 6. […] Many young children hold their breath when upset, turn blue, but don’t pass out. This is common and normal. […] Frequent spells can happen in children who have anemia (low red blood count). This can happen if your child doesn’t eat enough foods with iron. If your child is a picky eater, your doctor may order a blood test. […] Spells happen from 1 or 2 times a day to 1 or 2 times a month. […] Kids outgrow them by age 6.

• #2 What Are Breath-Holding Spells in Kids? | Children’s Hospital Colorado

  https://www.childrenscolorado.org/just-ask-childrens/articles/breath-holding-spells/

  Although breath-holding spells are often frightening for caregivers, they do not cause brain damage or any other harm, and your child will outgrow them. […] We arent exactly sure what causes breathing-holding spells. Research has suggested that breath-holding spells are an abnormal reflex of the nervous system in young children that allows them to hold their breath long enough to stop breathing momentarily. […] You should talk to your childs doctor if you think that your child had a breath-holding spell. Some children with breath-holding spells may have low iron or blood levels (anemia).

• #2 Breath holding

  https://www.rch.org.au/kidsinfo/fact_sheets/breath_holding/

  Sometimes breath-holding spells are brought on by strong emotions such as anger, fear, pain or frustration. […] In around a third of children who breath hold, there is a family history of breath holding. […] Breath holding is not caused by a health problem and will not harm your child. […] It is believed that children who have breath holding spells may be more likely to faint as adolescents, and sometimes as adults. […] Although they are distressing to witness, breath-holding spells are not harmful to your child. […] After a spell, treat your child as normally as possible.

• #2 Breath-Holding Spells – Child Neurology Foundation

  https://www.childneurologyfoundation.org/disorder/breath-holding-spells/

  Breath-holding spells are short spells of time during which a child stops breathing. They are commonly mistaken for seizures. […] Spells usually occur in an otherwise neurologically healthy toddler. The most common age for a spell is between 12 and 18 months old. Some children with breath-holding spells can be younger. […] This condition is seen in about 1 in 25 children during the first few years of life. […] There are two types of breath-holding spells. Both types may occur in the same child at different times. They are defined based on the child’s color during the spell: […] Cyanotic Breath-Holding Spell. A child turns blue during this type of spell. Cyanosis is the medical term for taking on a bluish or purplish tone. This coloring is due to lack of oxygen in the blood. […] Pallid Breath-Holding Spell. A child appears pale rather than blue during this type of spell.

• #2 Breath-Holding Spells – Child Neurology Foundation

  https://www.childneurologyfoundation.org/disorder/breath-holding-spells/

  These are the most common type of breath-holding spells. They are seen in more than half of cases. […] They are provoked and preceded by crying. Sometimes, the crying is not intense. For instance, cyanotic spells can be provoked by mild sobbing. […] Triggers involve an emotional upset of some kind. An example might be an older sibling taking away a toy. […] A typical spell like this lasts less than a minute. […] This is usually only a respiratory event. It usually does not cause any change in heart rate or rhythm. […] These spells are not done on purpose by the child. Crying during a tantrum could provoke a spell. However, spells themselves are not self-induced temper tantrums. […] These are a less common type of breath-holding spell than cyanotic spells. However, they are more commonly mistaken for epileptic seizures.

• #2 Breath-Holding Spells – Children’s Health Issues – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/children-s-health-issues/behavioral-problems-in-children/breath-holding-spells

  Typically, the child cries out (without necessarily being aware they are doing so), breathes out, and then stops breathing. Shortly afterward, the skin begins to turn blue („cyanotic” means „blue”), and the child becomes unconscious. […] Despite the frightening nature of the episode, children do not have any dangerous or long-term effects. […] The pallid form typically occurs after a painful experience, such as falling and banging the head or being suddenly startled. […] During a pallid breath-holding spell, the child stops breathing, rapidly loses consciousness, and becomes pale and limp. A seizure and loss of bladder control (urinary incontinence) may occur.

• #2 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Breath-Holding-Spells-in-Children.aspx

  Cyanotic breath holding is the most common form. This may occur when a child has hurt themselves or become frustrated by an upsetting event such as being scolded or disciplined. Typically, the child cries or screams and then stops breathing. The skin then begins to turn blue, particularly around the lips, which is caused by a shortage of oxygen. The child then becomes unconscious. After a few seconds, normal breathing, normal skin color, and consciousness return. […] Pallid breath holding may occur in children as a response to an injury, sudden fright, or being startled by someone coming up behind them, for example. These spells are therefore more difficult to predict. […] The heart rate slows significantly, which causes the child to stop breathing. The skin turns very pale and the child loses consciousness. The child may have a seizure after a prolonged spell, but this is rare. These seizures do not cause any long-term damage or increase the risk of the child developing a seizure disorder.

• #2 Breath holding

  https://www.rch.org.au/kidsinfo/fact_sheets/breath_holding/

  Blue spells are the most common. […] Your child may have hurt themselves or become very upset or frustrated, and they will: cry or scream, breathe out forcefully, then breath hold and turn blue, especially around the lips this blueness is caused by a lack of oxygen, and lasts a few seconds, may then become floppy and lose consciousness (faint). […] Although this is scary to watch, no treatment is needed. […] No long-term damage is done due to the brief period with reduced blood oxygen levels. […] These are less common. […] They can happen in young children after a minor injury or if the child is upset. […] Pale spells are caused by a slow heart rate and are often mistaken for a seizure. […] Your child will: open their mouth as if to cry but no sound comes out, faint and look very pale, have a brief period where their arms and legs become stiff or lose control of their bladder/bowel.

• #2 Breath-holding spell: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000967.htm

  Some children have breath-holding spells. This is an involuntary stop in breathing that is not in the child’s control. […] Babies as young as 2 months old and up to 2 years old can start having breath-holding spells. Some children have severe spells. […] Breath-holding spells most often occur when a child becomes suddenly upset or surprised. The child makes a short gasp, exhales, and stops breathing. The child’s nervous system slows the heart rate or breathing for a short amount of time. Symptoms can include: Blue (cyanosis) or pale skin, Crying, then no breathing, Fainting or loss of alertness (unconsciousness), Jerky movements (short, seizure-like movements). […] Normal breathing starts again after a brief period of unconsciousness. The child’s color improves with the first breath. This may occur several times per day, or only on rare occasions. […] Most children outgrow breath-holding spells by the time they are 4 to 8 years old.

• #2

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/tips-tools/symptom-checker/Pages/symptomviewer.aspx?symptom=Breath-holding+Spell

  A spell that involves holding the breath, then turning blue and passing out. […] The child gives out 1 or 2 long cries. […] Then holds his breath until the lips and face become bluish. […] Then passes out and falls to the floor. […] Then often becomes stiff. May also have a few muscle jerks. […] Normal breathing starts again in less than 1 minute. Becomes fully alert in less than 2 minutes. […] Only happens when child is awake, never when asleep. […] Starts between 6 months and 2 years of age. Goes away by age 6. […] Many young children hold their breath when upset, turn blue, but don’t pass out. This is common and normal. […] Frequent spells can happen in children who have anemia (low red blood count). This can happen if your child doesn’t eat enough foods with iron. […] Spells happen from 1 or 2 times a day to 1 or 2 times a month. […] Kids outgrow them by age 6.

• #2 What Are Breath-Holding Spells in Kids? | Children’s Hospital Colorado

  https://www.childrenscolorado.org/just-ask-childrens/articles/breath-holding-spells/

  Watching your child have a breath-holding spell can be scary and overwhelming. These spells occur in about 5% of healthy children, and about 20% to 33% of children with breath-holding spells have a family history of them. […] A breath-holding spell is when your child or baby holds their breath for long enough that they temporarily stop breathing, which sometimes causes them to pass out. You might notice a child get blue lips or face right before passing out during a breath-holding spell. […] Most spells only last 10 to 60 seconds. […] It is important to know that this is something a child cant control, and you cant prevent them from occurring. […] For children who have breath-holding spells, their first one typically occurs between 6 and 18 months, but they can occur anytime from birth to 5 years of age. Breath-holding spells usually stop happening by age 6.

• #2 Breath holding

  https://www.rch.org.au/kidsinfo/fact_sheets/breath_holding/

  Breath holding is common, especially in children aged six months to six years old. […] Breath-holding spells can happen after your child has had a fright or a minor accident, or when they are scolded, frustrated or very upset. […] Breath holding is frightening and distressing for parents and witnesses. It is important to remember the spell is not harmful and your child will start breathing again on their own. […] Most children who have breath-holding spells will have their first spell before they are 18 months old, and most children grow out of breath holding by the time they are six years old. […] Children who breath hold will usually have one to six spells per week, but up to 25 percent of children who breath hold will have multiple spells each day. […] There are two main types of breath holding: blue spells and pale spells.

• #2 Breath holding

  https://www.rch.org.au/kidsinfo/fact_sheets/breath_holding/

  No treatment is needed and your child will start breathing and recover by themselves. […] While a breath-holding spell is frightening to see, breath holding is not a medical emergency. […] It is not harmful, and your child will start breathing again on their own. […] Take your child to the GP if: Your child is having very frequent spells (more than once a day or several times a week) this may still be normal but should be assessed by a doctor. […] Your child has a fit (seizure) that lasts longer than a couple of minutes, and they are then confused or drowsy for several hours after the spell. […] You are concerned for any other reason. […] The cause of breath holding is not known. […] Breath holding is usually involuntary, and is caused by a slowing of the heart rate or changes in your child’s usual breathing patterns.

• #2 Breath-holding spells in infants

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4325862/

  A breath-holding spell is a benign paroxysmal nonepileptic disorder occurring in healthy children 6 to 48 months of age. The episodes start with a provocation such as emotional upset or minor injury, and might progress to breath holding, cyanosis, and syncope. […] Breath-holding spells are extremely frightening to parents. Episodes are described as infants crying, for up to a minute, and while crying excessively they will hold their breath to a point at which they might lose consciousness. […] Breath-holding spells are not harmful and pose no long-term risks for the infant. […] Many episodes of breath holding are associated with an inciting incident in which the infant is irritated, is being disciplined, or is angry. […] There are 2 known types of breath-holding spells. The most common (85%) is a cyanotic breath-holding spell, which occurs when facial cyanosis is noticed after the child stops breathing. A pallid breath-holding spell is associated with a sudden scare to the child, and he or she becomes extremely pale during the spell. […] Several studies, mostly from Turkey, suggest an association between breath-holding spells and anemia in young infants. […] Owing to the high frequency of anemia among children with breath-holding spells, testing for anemia or treating empirically for iron deficiency anemia is recommended.

• #2 Breath-holding spells factsheet | The Sydney Children’s Hospitals Network

  https://www.schn.health.nsw.gov.au/breath-holding-spells-factsheet

  Children who have more pale or pallid spells can be more likely to have fainting spells as teenagers. […] Breath-holding spells are not related to epilepsy, even though they may appear similar. There is no risk of developmental issues due to breath-holding spells. […] Breath-holding spells cannot be prevented. However, parents and caregivers can help their child manage big feelings that may lead to a spell. […] If you are concerned about your child’s ability to manage big feelings and breath-holding spells, speak to your local doctor.

• #2 Breath-Holding Spells – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539782/

  These spells occur in children with normal neurological exams and otherwise meeting age-appropriate developmental milestones. These episodes can cause children to lose consciousness and even precipitate a seizure. The frequency of these episodes can be decreased by distracting the child, avoiding emotional triggers, and providing psychosocial help to parents and children. […] Thankfully, the prognosis is excellent, and these spells usually resolve by age 6 and do not affect the child’s subsequent neurological development. […] Breath-holding spells are a common problem in the pediatric population, with a frequency of up to 5% of children. Most breath-holding spells occur before the child turns 18 months old and generally resolve by age 6. […] Breath-holding spells are not harmful and do not result in brain damage. Neurologic development outcome, if already normal, will remain normal. Most children will no longer have the episodes by age 6.

• #3 Breath-Holding Spells – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539782/

  These spells occur in children with normal neurological exams and otherwise meeting age-appropriate developmental milestones. These episodes can cause children to lose consciousness and even precipitate a seizure. The frequency of these episodes can be decreased by distracting the child, avoiding emotional triggers, and providing psychosocial help to parents and children. […] Thankfully, the prognosis is excellent, and these spells usually resolve by age 6 and do not affect the child’s subsequent neurological development. […] Breath-holding spells are a common problem in the pediatric population, with a frequency of up to 5% of children. Most breath-holding spells occur before the child turns 18 months old and generally resolve by age 6. […] Breath-holding spells are not harmful and do not result in brain damage. Neurologic development outcome, if already normal, will remain normal. Most children will no longer have the episodes by age 6.

• #3 Breath-holding Spell

  https://www.seattlechildrens.org/conditions/a-z/breath-holding-spell/

  A spell that involves holding the breath, then turning blue and passing out. […] Breath-holding spells were diagnosed by your child’s doctor. […] An upsetting event happens right before the spell. A common trigger is being angry about parents setting limits (temper tantrums). Another is getting scared. Some spells are triggered by a sudden injury, such as falling down. […] The child gives out 1 or 2 long cries. […] Then holds his breath until the lips and face become bluish. […] Then passes out and falls to the floor. […] Then often becomes stiff. May also have a few muscle jerks. […] Normal breathing starts again in less than 1 minute. Becomes fully alert in less than 2 minutes. […] Only happens when child is awake, never when asleep. […] A reflex response to strong feelings. This reflex allows some children to hold their breath long enough to pass out. Spells do not happen on purpose.

• #3 Breath holding spells » Whānau Āwhina PlunketPlunket Logo

  https://www.plunket.org.nz/child-health-concerns-and-symptoms/coughs-colds-breathing-and-fevers/breath-holding-spells/

  Breath holding episodes usually last from a few seconds to a couple of minutes and there are two main types: […] 1. Blue spells (cyanotic breath holding) are the most common. Your child may have hurt themselves or become very upset or frustrated and may: cry or scream, breathe out forcefully, breath hold and turn blue, especially around the lips – this blueness is caused by a lack of oxygen and only lasts a few seconds, faint. […] 2. Pale spells (pallid breath holding) are less common and can happen in young children after a minor injury or if a child is upset. Pale spells are caused by a slow heart rate and are often mistaken for a seizure. Your child may: open their mouth as if to cry but no sound comes out, faint, look very pale, have a brief period where their arms and legs become stiff or lose control of their bladder/bowel.

• #3 Breath Holding Spells – Pediatrician in {Cincinnati}, {OH} | {West Side Pediatrics}

  https://wspcincy.com/breath-holding-spells

  A spell that involves holding the breath, then turning blue and passing out […] Breath-holding spells were diagnosed by your child’s doctor. […] An upsetting event happens right before the spell. A common trigger is being angry about parents setting limits (temper tantrums). Another is getting scared. Some spells are triggered by a sudden injury, such as falling down. […] The child gives out 1 or 2 long cries. […] Then holds his breath until the lips and face become bluish. […] Then passes out and falls to the floor. […] Then often becomes stiff. May also have a few muscle jerks. […] Normal breathing starts again in less than 1 minute. Becomes fully alert in less than 2 minutes. […] Only happens when child is awake, never when asleep. […] A reflex response to strong feelings. This reflex allows some children to hold their breath long enough to pass out. Spells do not happen on purpose.

• #3 Breath-Holding Spells – Children’s Health Issues – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/children-s-health-issues/behavioral-problems-in-children/breath-holding-spells

  A breath-holding spell is an episode in which the child involuntarily stops breathing and loses consciousness for a short period immediately after a frightening or emotionally upsetting event or a painful experience. […] Typical symptoms include paleness, stoppage of breathing, loss of consciousness, and seizures. […] Breath-holding spells occur in less than 1% to about 5% of otherwise healthy children. They usually begin in the first year of life and peak at age 2. They disappear by age 4 in 50% of children and by age 8 in about 83% of children. […] Both the cyanotic and pallid forms are involuntary, which means that children are not intentionally holding their breath and have no control over the spells. […] The cyanotic form of breath-holding is the most common. It is initiated subconsciously by young children often as a component of a temper tantrum or in response to a scolding or other upsetting event.

• #3

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=ad1702

  Symptoms of spells brought on by fear, pain, or injury include: Pale skin colour. A single cry or no cry at all. Slowing of the heart. Sweating. Sleepiness or fatigue after the episode. […] Some children also have seizures during breath-holding spells. This does not mean they have a seizure disorder. Seizures are different from mild twitching, and they may cause a child to vomit or pass urine. They are more likely to occur in children who have long periods of breath-holding. […] Talk to your doctor if: Spells become more frequent or more severe or change their pattern. You have questions or concerns about the spells.

• #3 Breath-holding Spell

  https://www.seattlechildrens.org/conditions/a-z/breath-holding-spell/

  This happens in 5% of healthy children. Breath-holding spells can run in families. […] Starts between 6 months and 2 years of age. Goes away by age 6. […] Many young children hold their breath when upset, turn blue, but don’t pass out. This is common and normal. […] Frequent spells can happen in children who have anemia (low red blood count). This can happen if your child doesn’t eat enough foods with iron. If your child is a picky eater, your doctor may order a blood test. […] Spells happen from 1 or 2 times a day to 1 or 2 times a month. […] Kids outgrow them by age 6.

• #3 What Are Breath-Holding Spells in Kids? | Children’s Hospital Colorado

  https://www.childrenscolorado.org/just-ask-childrens/articles/breath-holding-spells/

  Watching your child have a breath-holding spell can be scary and overwhelming. These spells occur in about 5% of healthy children, and about 20% to 33% of children with breath-holding spells have a family history of them. […] A breath-holding spell is when your child or baby holds their breath for long enough that they temporarily stop breathing, which sometimes causes them to pass out. You might notice a child get blue lips or face right before passing out during a breath-holding spell. […] Most spells only last 10 to 60 seconds. […] It is important to know that this is something a child cant control, and you cant prevent them from occurring. […] For children who have breath-holding spells, their first one typically occurs between 6 and 18 months, but they can occur anytime from birth to 5 years of age. Breath-holding spells usually stop happening by age 6.

• #3 Breath-holding spells factsheet | The Sydney Children’s Hospitals Network

  https://www.schn.health.nsw.gov.au/breath-holding-spells-factsheet

  Children who have more pale or pallid spells can be more likely to have fainting spells as teenagers. […] Breath-holding spells are not related to epilepsy, even though they may appear similar. There is no risk of developmental issues due to breath-holding spells. […] Breath-holding spells cannot be prevented. However, parents and caregivers can help their child manage big feelings that may lead to a spell. […] If you are concerned about your child’s ability to manage big feelings and breath-holding spells, speak to your local doctor.

• #3 Breath-Holding Spells in Infants: Crucial Points

  https://flo.health/being-a-mom/your-baby/baby-health-and-safety/breath-holding-spells-in-infants

  There are 2 types of breath-holding spells: Pallid: child becomes extremely pale […] Cyanotic: child turns a blue color, especially around the lips (the most common, representing around 85% of cases). […] In some cases, an infant will lose consciousness at this point, and their body may stiffen or twitch while in this state. This can understandably be very alarming for parents or other bystanders, but fortunately, the episodes pass quickly without negative after-effects. Typically, the unconsciousness that results from a breath-holding incident lasts less than a minute and is followed shortly afterwards by a complete recovery. […] While a breath-holding episode may look like a seizure, there are no seizure discharges seen on the electroencephalogram (EEG) recording of the brain. Therefore, a child experiencing an episode does not need to be treated with seizure medication.

• #3 Breath-Holding Spells (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/spells.html

  A breath holding spell is when a child holds their breath, usually after being angry, frustrated, startled, or in pain. Sometimes the breath holding leads to the child passing out. […] It can be frightening to watch a breath-holding spell, but they arent harmful and usually last less than a minute. Kids outgrow the spells without any treatment. […] Both types of spells can make kids pass out for up to a minute. In the most extreme cases, kids might have seizures. Having a seizure does not cause any long-term harm or put a child at risk for a seizure disorder. […] Breath-holding spells happen in healthy children from 6 months to 6 years old. Theyre most common when kids are 618 months old, and tend to run in families. […] Doctors dont know the exact cause of breath-holding spells. Sometimes, iron-deficiency anemia might cause them. Treating the anemia may help reduce the number of spells.

• #4 Baby Breath Holding: Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Outlook

  https://www.healthline.com/health/parenting/baby-holding-breath

  In some cases, breath holding may be related to iron deficiency anemia. In these cases, an iron supplement may help decrease the frequency of breath holding. […] If breath holding increases in frequency or interferes with daily activities, your childs doctor may refer them to a neurologist (brain specialist) and cardiologist (heart specialist). These healthcare professionals can rule out an underlying medical condition.

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