Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Update on the Management of Occupational Asthma and Work-Exacerbated Asthma

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6340795/

  Work-related asthma is the most common occupational lung disease encountered in clinical practice. […] Accurate diagnosis of asthma is the first step to managing occupational asthma, which can be sensitizer-induced or irritant-induced asthma. […] Management of sensitizer-induced occupational asthma is notable for the central importance of removal from the causative agent: ideally, removal of the culprit agent; but if not feasible, this may require changes in the work process or ultimately, removal of the worker from the workplace. […] All patients with work-related asthma should be managed as for other asthmatics with regard to asthma education, control of exposure to environmental triggers and appropriate pharmacotherapy as per guidelines. […] Patients with occupational asthma due to a workplace sensitizer should be completely removed from further exposure to the agent for the best medical outcome as supported by a Cochrane review and several other reviews and consensus statements.

• #2 Work-Related Asthma – MN Dept. of Health

  https://www.health.state.mn.us/diseases/asthma/workplaces/index.html

  If exposures at work have caused the development of newly diagnosed asthma, it is referred to as Occupational Asthma (OA). Approximately 17% of all adult-onset asthma cases are related to occupational exposures. […] The best plan of action is to create a safe and healthy work environment to minimize exposure to allergens and/or irritants in the workplace. […] Some larger workplaces may have industrial hygienists, occupational health nurses and even occupational physicians on staff to help ensure worker safety. These professionals can be a resource to help workers and employers address the control of irritants and allergens found in the workplace. […] Unless work-related asthma is diagnosed and managed early, it is likely to continue and can get worse. Work with your health care provider if you suspect you might have work-related asthma. Early detection and treatment can improve the quality of life and progression or development of the disease. Health care providers should ask their asthma patients about possible work-related exposures.

• #3 Occupationally Related Asthma, Etc. | Health & Human Services

  https://hhs.iowa.gov/epi-manual-guide-surveillance-investigation-and-reporting/environmental-disease/occupationally

  Occupational asthma is asthma caused by, or worsened by, exposure to substances in the workplace. These substances may cause asthma in one of 3 ways: […] Occupational asthma has been defined as a disease characterized by variable airflow limitation and/or airway hyperresponsiveness due to causes or conditions attributable to a particular occupational environment and not to stimuli encountered outside of the workplace. […] Work-related asthma can be divided into two general groupings: Occupational asthma (OA) and work aggravated asthma (WAA). […] Occupational asthma is further subdivided into OA with latency and OA without latency. […] Work aggravated asthma (WAA) is an asthma exacerbation as a result of a workplace exposure in an individual with a prior history of asthma. […] Symptoms of occupational asthma include general symptoms of an asthma attack, such as coughing, wheezing, chest tightness, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulty.

• #4 Update on the Management of Occupational Asthma and Work-Exacerbated Asthma

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6340795/

  Despite these recommendations, the mean time from the onset of symptoms to diagnosis is often 2 or more years. […] The advice to completely avoid the causative sensitizing agent at work can sometimes be achieved relatively simply by changing the material used at work (e.g., natural rubber latex gloves or a quaternary ammonium cleaning product), but often this is not feasible, so that the patient needs to be moved to a different work area or to a different company or job, leading potentially to significant socio-economic impact. […] Considerations for work modification for patients with irritant-induced asthma and those with work-exacerbated asthma from irritants or physical factors (such as cold air, humid air and exercise) are similar. […] For the subset of patients with work-exacerbated asthma from common allergens at work, e.g., a domestic cleaner allergic to cats or dust mites in the houses being cleaned, more stringent avoidance measures may be needed to prevent ongoing exacerbations.

• #5 Occupational asthma – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/occupational-asthma/symptoms-causes/syc-20375772

  Occupational asthma is a type of asthma caused by breathing in fumes, gases, dust or other substances while on the job. […] Avoiding triggers is important for managing occupational asthma. Treatment includes medicines that reduce symptoms. […] If occupational asthma is not treated and triggers are not avoided, the asthma can cause permanent changes to the lungs. […] Occupational asthma symptoms may include: Wheezing. Coughing. Shortness of breath. Chest tightness. […] Seek medical treatment right away if your symptoms worsen. […] The best way to prevent occupational asthma is to control exposure to chemicals and other substances that are known to be irritating. […] Medicines may help relieve symptoms and control inflammation linked to occupational asthma. […] If you are in the United States and you have a high-risk job, your company must follow rules to help protect you from harmful chemicals. […] Under OSHA guidelines, your employer is required to keep a material safety data sheet (MSDS) for each harmful chemical used in your workplace.

• #6 Occupationally Related Asthma, Etc. | Health & Human Services

  https://hhs.iowa.gov/epi-manual-guide-surveillance-investigation-and-reporting/environmental-disease/occupationally

  Occupational asthma is asthma caused by, or worsened by, exposure to substances in the workplace. These substances may cause asthma in one of 3 ways: […] Occupational asthma has been defined as a disease characterized by variable airflow limitation and/or airway hyperresponsiveness due to causes or conditions attributable to a particular occupational environment and not to stimuli encountered outside of the workplace. […] Work-related asthma can be divided into two general groupings: Occupational asthma (OA) and work aggravated asthma (WAA). […] Occupational asthma is further subdivided into OA with latency and OA without latency. […] Work aggravated asthma (WAA) is an asthma exacerbation as a result of a workplace exposure in an individual with a prior history of asthma. […] Symptoms of occupational asthma include general symptoms of an asthma attack, such as coughing, wheezing, chest tightness, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulty.

• #7 Occupational Asthma: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9572-asthma-occupational–work-related-asthma

  Occupational asthma makes it hard to breathe when you work with substances that cause your airways to swell. It can cause shortness of breath, a cough and chest tightness that usually get better when you’ve been away from work for a while. Treatments can help, but the best way to reduce your risk of an asthma attack is to avoid triggers. […] Occupational asthma is a type of asthma that happens when substances that you breathe in at work inflame and irritate your airways. It can cause asthma attacks that make it hard to breathe. Substances that can cause occupational asthma include dust, chemicals and molds. […] Signs of occupational asthma tend to get better when you’re away from work for a while. If you notice your symptoms get better when you go on vacation or take a weekend off, they may be happening because of workplace irritants.

• #8 About Work-related Asthma | Asthma | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/asthma/about/index.html

  Work-related asthma is asthma triggered by exposures at work. […] Symptoms of work-related asthma are the same as symptoms for non-work-related asthma. […] Workers can get work-related asthma even when using personal protective equipment such as respirators or face masks. […] Symptoms for work-related asthma tend to get better on weekends, vacations, or other times when away from work. […] Your doctor can diagnose work-related asthma. […] Work-related asthma is associated with exposure to worksite triggers (irritants, allergens, and physical conditions). […] The most important step of managing asthma is stopping or reducing exposure to triggers causing symptoms. […] Work with your doctor to develop a personal asthma control plan.

• #9 Work and Asthma | American Lung Association

  https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/asthma/managing-asthma/workplace

  It is important to keep track of your symptoms. […] Make sure to see your healthcare provider as soon as you start having symptoms. Asthma can be controlled but requires two things: limiting or avoiding exposure to asthma triggers and using asthma medicines as prescribed by your doctor. […] Your employer is legally responsible for informing you of general and specific hazards connected with your job. Your employer is also responsible for providing you with a safe and healthful workplace. […] Asthma is a lung disease that makes breathing difficult for millions of Americans, both young and old. There is no cure for asthma, but the good news is it can be managed and treated so you can live a normal, healthy life. […] Employers are responsible for providing safe work conditions, including healthy air. […] If you are experiencing a breathing problem at work, encourage your employer to take steps to creating a lung-friendly workplace.

• #10 Update on the Management of Occupational Asthma and Work-Exacerbated Asthma

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6340795/

  Despite these recommendations, the mean time from the onset of symptoms to diagnosis is often 2 or more years. […] The advice to completely avoid the causative sensitizing agent at work can sometimes be achieved relatively simply by changing the material used at work (e.g., natural rubber latex gloves or a quaternary ammonium cleaning product), but often this is not feasible, so that the patient needs to be moved to a different work area or to a different company or job, leading potentially to significant socio-economic impact. […] Considerations for work modification for patients with irritant-induced asthma and those with work-exacerbated asthma from irritants or physical factors (such as cold air, humid air and exercise) are similar. […] For the subset of patients with work-exacerbated asthma from common allergens at work, e.g., a domestic cleaner allergic to cats or dust mites in the houses being cleaned, more stringent avoidance measures may be needed to prevent ongoing exacerbations.

• #11 Occupational asthma – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/occupational-asthma/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20375777

  Diagnosing occupational asthma is similar to diagnosing other types of asthma. However, your healthcare professional also will try to identify whether a workplace substance is causing your symptoms and what substance is causing problems. […] Avoiding the workplace substance that causes your symptoms is important. Once you become sensitive to a substance, tiny amounts may trigger asthma symptoms, even if you wear a mask or respirator. […] You may need medicines for successful treatment. The same medicines are used to treat both occupational and nonoccupational asthma. […] If allergies trigger or worsen your asthma, you may benefit from allergy treatments. These treatments include medicines taken by mouth or with a nasal spray. Antihistamines help block some immune system activity that causes allergy symptoms. Decongestants help relieve a stuffy nose. […] For occupational asthma, some basic questions to ask include: How do I treat occupational asthma? Do I have to quit my job? […] Your healthcare professional is likely to ask you several questions, such as: Do you have breathing problems when you’re away from work or only when you’re on the job?

• #12 Occupational Asthma: Symptoms and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/occupational-asthma

  Occupational asthma is a disease characterised by variable airflow limitation and/or airway hyper-responsiveness due to causes and conditions attributable to a particular occupational environment and not to stimuli encountered outside the workplace. […] The diagnosis of occupational asthma should be suspected in all adults with symptoms of airflow limitation and it should be positively searched for in those with high-risk occupations or exposures. […] Early diagnosis is the key to reducing morbidity. […] Individuals with suspected occupational asthma should be referred early for specialist assessment; ideally in an occupational lung disease service, if available, or secondary care asthma service, if not. […] Relocation away from exposure should occur as soon as diagnosis is confirmed and ideally within 12 months of the first work-related symptoms of asthma.

• #13 Occupational Asthma: Symptoms and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/occupational-asthma

  Occupational asthma is a disease characterised by variable airflow limitation and/or airway hyper-responsiveness due to causes and conditions attributable to a particular occupational environment and not to stimuli encountered outside the workplace. […] The diagnosis of occupational asthma should be suspected in all adults with symptoms of airflow limitation and it should be positively searched for in those with high-risk occupations or exposures. […] Early diagnosis is the key to reducing morbidity. […] Individuals with suspected occupational asthma should be referred early for specialist assessment; ideally in an occupational lung disease service, if available, or secondary care asthma service, if not. […] Relocation away from exposure should occur as soon as diagnosis is confirmed and ideally within 12 months of the first work-related symptoms of asthma.

• #14 GP and Practice nurse guide to Occupational Asthma | The Society of Occupational Medicine

  https://www.som.org.uk/gp-and-practice-nurse-guide-occupational-asthma

  The diagnosis of occupational asthma needs to be made by physicians with relevant expertise and be supported by objective tests (spirometry, serial peak flow measurements, immunological tests) and not simply on the basis of a compatible history because of the potential implications for future employment. […] The clinical management of occupational asthma is the same irrespective of the cause and should follow published clinical guidelines. […] Occupational management and avoidance of further exposure is particularly important.

• #15 GP and Practice nurse guide to Occupational Asthma | The Society of Occupational Medicine

  https://www.som.org.uk/gp-and-practice-nurse-guide-occupational-asthma

  Patients may unknowingly have a health problem that is caused or made worse by their work. […] This makes early case finding an important role for primary care clinicians. […] About 1 in 6 cases of adult-onset asthma are caused by exposures to substances in the workplace. […] Rhinitis often accompanies and may precede the onset of occupational asthma usually by about a year; so, it can be an early indicator of sensitisation. […] Prognosis is best in patients whose occupational asthma is diagnosed early; who have relatively normal lung function and who avoid further exposure to the causative agent early in the course of the disease. […] Consider the possibility of an occupational cause in all adult patients who present to primary care with either new-onset or worsening asthma and/or rhinitis symptoms.

• #16 Asthma (Nursing) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK568760/

  Nursing management includes bronchodilators like beta-2 agonists and muscarinic antagonists (salbutamol and ipratropium bromide respectively) and anti-inflammatories such as inhaled steroids (usually beclometasone but steroids via any route will be helpful). […] Check oxygen status […] Listen to lungs […] Assess for respiratory distress […] Position patient upright […] Administer medications as prescribed. […] Patient education about the disease and modifying behavior is vital. The patient should also be encouraged to change lifestyle and control the environmental trigger factors. […] Many guidelines have been published for the diagnosis and management of asthma, but the most critical feature is patient education. The nurses are the last professionals to see the patient before discharge from the emergency department or the floors.

• #17 Asthma Nursing Care Management and Study Guide

  https://nurseslabs.com/asthma/

  Learn about the nursing care management of patients with asthma in this nursing study guide. […] The immediate care of patients with asthma depends on the severity of the symptoms. […] Assessment of a patient with asthma includes the following: Assess the patients respiratory status by monitoring the severity of the symptoms. Assess for breath sounds. Assess the patients peak flow. Assess the level of oxygen saturation through the pulse oximeter. Monitor the patients vital signs. […] Based on the data gathered, the nursing diagnoses appropriate for the patient with asthma include: Ineffective airway clearance related to increased production of mucus and bronchospasm. Impaired gas exchange related to altered delivery of inspired O2. Anxiety related to perceived threat of death. […] To achieve success in the treatment of a patient with asthma, the following goals should be applied: Maintenance of airway patency. Expectoration of secretions. Demonstration of absence/reduction of congestion with breath sounds clear, respirations noiseless, improved oxygen exchange. Verbalization of understanding of causes and therapeutic management regimen. Demonstration of behaviors to improve or maintain clear airway. Identification of potential complications and how to initiate appropriate preventive or corrective actions.

• #18 Asthma Nursing Care Management and Study Guide

  https://nurseslabs.com/asthma/

  Learn about the nursing care management of patients with asthma in this nursing study guide. […] The immediate care of patients with asthma depends on the severity of the symptoms. […] Assessment of a patient with asthma includes the following: Assess the patients respiratory status by monitoring the severity of the symptoms. Assess for breath sounds. Assess the patients peak flow. Assess the level of oxygen saturation through the pulse oximeter. Monitor the patients vital signs. […] Based on the data gathered, the nursing diagnoses appropriate for the patient with asthma include: Ineffective airway clearance related to increased production of mucus and bronchospasm. Impaired gas exchange related to altered delivery of inspired O2. Anxiety related to perceived threat of death. […] To achieve success in the treatment of a patient with asthma, the following goals should be applied: Maintenance of airway patency. Expectoration of secretions. Demonstration of absence/reduction of congestion with breath sounds clear, respirations noiseless, improved oxygen exchange. Verbalization of understanding of causes and therapeutic management regimen. Demonstration of behaviors to improve or maintain clear airway. Identification of potential complications and how to initiate appropriate preventive or corrective actions.

• #19 Asthma Nursing Care Management and Study Guide

  https://nurseslabs.com/asthma/

  The nurse generally performs the following interventions: Assess history. Obtain a history of allergic reactions to medications before administering medications. Assess respiratory status. Assess the patients respiratory status by monitoring the severity of symptoms, breath sounds, peak flow, pulse oximetry, and vital signs. Assess medications. Identify medications that the patient is currently taking. Administer medications as prescribed and monitor the patients responses to those medications; medications may include an antibiotic if the patient has an underlying respiratory infection. Pharmacologic therapy. Administer medications as prescribed and monitor patients responses to medications. Fluid therapy. Administer fluids if the patient is dehydrated. […] To determine the effectiveness of the plan of care, evaluation must be performed. The following must be evaluated: Maintenance of airway patency. Expectoration or clearance of secretions. Absence/reduction of congestion with breath sound clear, noiseless respirations, and improved oxygen exchange. Verbalized understanding of causes and therapeutic management regimen. Demonstrated behaviors to improve or maintain clear airway. Identified potential complications and how to initiate appropriate preventive or corrective actions.

• #20 Asthma (Nursing) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK568760/

  Nursing management includes bronchodilators like beta-2 agonists and muscarinic antagonists (salbutamol and ipratropium bromide respectively) and anti-inflammatories such as inhaled steroids (usually beclometasone but steroids via any route will be helpful). […] Check oxygen status […] Listen to lungs […] Assess for respiratory distress […] Position patient upright […] Administer medications as prescribed. […] Patient education about the disease and modifying behavior is vital. The patient should also be encouraged to change lifestyle and control the environmental trigger factors. […] Many guidelines have been published for the diagnosis and management of asthma, but the most critical feature is patient education. The nurses are the last professionals to see the patient before discharge from the emergency department or the floors.

• #21 Nursing Diagnosis for Asthma: 8 Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/asthma-nursing-care-plans/

  Assist in intubation as indicated. Despite best efforts, some clients may require endotracheal intubation. Approximately 5 to 10% of all hospital admissions for asthma are to an intensive care unit- for further care of already intubated clients or for close supervision of clients at very high risk of intubation.

• #22 Asthma Nursing Care Management and Study Guide

  https://nurseslabs.com/asthma/

  A major challenge is to implement basic asthma management principles at the home and community level. […] Patient teaching is a critical component of care for patients with asthma. Teach patient and family about asthma (chronic inflammatory), purpose and action of medications, triggers to avoid and how to do so, and proper inhalation technique. Instruct patient and family about peak-flow monitoring. Obtain current educational materials for the patient based on the patients diagnosis, causative factors, educational level, and cultural background. […] Nurses should emphasize adherence to the prescribed therapy, preventive measures, and the need to keep follow-up appointments with health care providers. Teach patient how to implement an action plan and how and when to seek assistance. […] Home visits by the nurse to assess the home environment for allergens may be indicated for patients with recurrent exacerbations.

• #23 Asthma (Nursing) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK568760/

  Nursing management includes bronchodilators like beta-2 agonists and muscarinic antagonists (salbutamol and ipratropium bromide respectively) and anti-inflammatories such as inhaled steroids (usually beclometasone but steroids via any route will be helpful). […] Check oxygen status […] Listen to lungs […] Assess for respiratory distress […] Position patient upright […] Administer medications as prescribed. […] Patient education about the disease and modifying behavior is vital. The patient should also be encouraged to change lifestyle and control the environmental trigger factors. […] Many guidelines have been published for the diagnosis and management of asthma, but the most critical feature is patient education. The nurses are the last professionals to see the patient before discharge from the emergency department or the floors.

• #24 Asthma (Nursing) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK568760/

  Nurses also play a vital role in school-based asthma education programs that can help improve self-esteem, knowledge and self-management behaviors. […] Despite great awareness of the disease, asthma still results in high morbidity and even mortality. There are universal guidelines on managing the disorder, but patient compliance with medications remains a big problem. Hence, all healthcare workers have a responsibility in encouraging medication compliance and close follow up with the primary care physician.

• #25 Progress in Occupational Asthma

  https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/12/4553

  Occupational asthma (OA) represents one of the major public health problems due to its high prevalence, important social and economic burden. […] The aim of this review is to summarize current data about clinical phenotypes, biomarkers, diagnosis and management of OA, a subtype of work-related asthma. […] The best diagnostic approach for OA is a combination of clinical history and objective tests. […] Treatment of OA implies avoidance of exposure, pharmacotherapy and education. […] An important tool is a specific inhalation challenge. […] The classic presentation of SI-OA is a worker who develops asthma symptoms that are worse at work and better on weekends or vacations away from work. […] The management of OA should include preventive measures, follow-up programs, medical evaluation, education of workers and treatment compliance.

• #26 Occupational asthma: Management, prognosis, and prevention – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/occupational-asthma-management-prognosis-and-prevention

  Occupational asthma (OA) is a form of work-related asthma that is characterized by variable airflow limitation, airway hyperresponsiveness, and airway inflammation induced by immunologic or nonimmunologic exposures in the work environment. Work-exacerbated asthma is defined as preexisting or concurrent asthma that worsens in the workplace, but is not induced by it. […] The management, prognosis, and prevention of OA will be reviewed here. […] The key element is to make the diagnosis and remove the subject from exposure as quickly as possible after the onset of symptoms, as a long duration of exposure is associated with a poor prognosis of the disease. Although asthma is persistent in the majority of subjects even after removal from exposure, OA may be cured in some cases if removal from exposure occurs early following onset of symptoms. The management of OA requires a combination of avoidance of further exposure to sensitizing agents, reduction in exposure to irritant agents (eg, environmental tobacco smoke, strong fumes and fragrances, extremes of temperature and humidity) and pharmacotherapy based on the severity of asthma.

• #27 Occupational asthma: Management, prognosis, and prevention – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/occupational-asthma-management-prognosis-and-prevention

  Exposure avoidance is the cornerstone of management of immunologic OA. […] The most important intervention after identification of immunologic OA is prompt removal of the worker from further exposure to the sensitizing agent. Patients with OA generally have progressive deterioration in lung function if they remain in the working environment, and fatal cases have occurred among workers with ongoing workplace exposure to either high-molecular-weight or low-molecular-weight provocative antigens.

• #28 Occupational Asthma Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment & Symptoms

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/occupational_asthma/article_em.htm

  Treatment in occupational asthma depends on how severe the asthma is. […] The most important part of treating occupational asthma is avoiding the trigger. […] Once the diagnosis of asthma has been confirmed, you may be started on a regimen of medications. […] Your treatment plan will also include the following: Awareness of your trigger and avoiding the trigger as much as possible, Recommendations for coping with asthma in your daily life, Regular follow-up visits to your health-care provider to monitor your condition, whether you are on medication or not. […] Asthma is a long-term disease, but it can be managed. Your active involvement in treating this disease is vitally important. […] Treatment in occupational asthma is focused on preventing or minimizing asthma attacks. The main strategy for doing this is reducing or stopping exposure to the trigger. […] Most people with occupational asthma are able to control their condition if they work together with a health care provider and follow their treatment regimen carefully.

• #29 Update on the Management of Occupational Asthma and Work-Exacerbated Asthma

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6340795/

  Despite these recommendations, the mean time from the onset of symptoms to diagnosis is often 2 or more years. […] The advice to completely avoid the causative sensitizing agent at work can sometimes be achieved relatively simply by changing the material used at work (e.g., natural rubber latex gloves or a quaternary ammonium cleaning product), but often this is not feasible, so that the patient needs to be moved to a different work area or to a different company or job, leading potentially to significant socio-economic impact. […] Considerations for work modification for patients with irritant-induced asthma and those with work-exacerbated asthma from irritants or physical factors (such as cold air, humid air and exercise) are similar. […] For the subset of patients with work-exacerbated asthma from common allergens at work, e.g., a domestic cleaner allergic to cats or dust mites in the houses being cleaned, more stringent avoidance measures may be needed to prevent ongoing exacerbations.

• #30 Occupational Asthma – Health Information Library | PeaceHealth

  https://www.peacehealth.org/medical-topics/id/hw161562

  Occupational asthma is the most common form of work-related lung condition in many countries. When a person gets asthma as an adult, exposure at work is a likely cause. […] Treatment involves reducing your exposure to substances that trigger symptoms and taking medicines. […] Occupational asthma is treated by: […] Taking medicines to treat your symptoms. Medicines used to treat occupational asthma are similar to those used to treat other types of asthma. These include inhaled corticosteroids to reduce inflammation. And they include quick-relief medicines (such as bronchodilators) to help you breathe during an asthma attack. […] You may need to change your job if your symptoms don’t get better even when you avoid possible triggers and take medicines. Talk with your doctor or asthma specialist before you change your job.

• #31 Occupational asthma | Health Library | Memorial Health System

  https://www.mhsystem.org/health-library/con-20375754/

  If you are in the United States and you have a high-risk job, your company must follow rules to help protect you from harmful chemicals. Under guidelines from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), your employer is required to do the following: Tell you if you’ll be working with any harmful chemicals. […] Diagnosing occupational asthma is similar to diagnosing other types of asthma. However, your healthcare professional also will try to identify whether a workplace substance is causing your symptoms and what substance is causing problems. […] The goal of treatment is to prevent symptoms and stop an asthma attack in progress. […] Avoiding the workplace substance that causes your symptoms is important. Once you become sensitive to a substance, tiny amounts may trigger asthma symptoms, even if you wear a mask or respirator. […] You may need medicines for successful treatment. The same medicines are used to treat both occupational and nonoccupational asthma.

• #32

  https://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/diseases/asthma.html

  Asthma is a respiratory disease. It creates a narrowing of the air passages that results in difficult breathing, tightness of the chest, coughing, and breath sounds such as wheezing. When a trigger or condition at work causes asthma, it is called work-related asthma. […] Occupational asthma refers to cases of asthma caused by specific agents in the workplace. Occupational asthma can be further divided into two groups: Sensitizer-induced asthma caused by sensitization (reaction) to a trigger. […] Asthmatic attacks can be controlled either by ending exposure to the trigger or by medical treatment to manage asthma symptoms. […] The education of workers is also very important. Proper handling procedures, avoidance of exposures such as spills, and good housekeeping reduce the occurrence of asthma. […] Although there are medical treatments that may control the symptoms of asthma, it is important to stop exposure wherever possible. If the exposure to the trigger is not stopped, treatment will be needed continuously and the breathing problems may become permanent.

• #33 Occupational Asthma Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment & Symptoms

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/occupational_asthma/article_em.htm

  Treatment in occupational asthma depends on how severe the asthma is. […] The most important part of treating occupational asthma is avoiding the trigger. […] Once the diagnosis of asthma has been confirmed, you may be started on a regimen of medications. […] Your treatment plan will also include the following: Awareness of your trigger and avoiding the trigger as much as possible, Recommendations for coping with asthma in your daily life, Regular follow-up visits to your health-care provider to monitor your condition, whether you are on medication or not. […] Asthma is a long-term disease, but it can be managed. Your active involvement in treating this disease is vitally important. […] Treatment in occupational asthma is focused on preventing or minimizing asthma attacks. The main strategy for doing this is reducing or stopping exposure to the trigger. […] Most people with occupational asthma are able to control their condition if they work together with a health care provider and follow their treatment regimen carefully.

• #34 Asthma – Care of the Patient Course | CNA Ceu | CEUfast

  https://ceufast.com/course/care-for-the-patient-with-asthma

  Report to the nurse when the symptoms are getting worse. Signs include: Increased difficulty breathing, More or louder wheezing, The medications are not controlling the attacks as well as before, The patient is waking up more at night, Missing normal activities, school, or work, Not able to speak complete sentences (Mayo Clinic, 2022). […] Any signs or symptoms of worsening or inadequate breathing during an attack should also be immediately reported to the nurse.

• #35 Asthma | Pulmonary | Henry Ford Health – Detroit, MI

  https://www.henryford.com/services/pulmonary/conditions/asthma

  Occupational asthma: This condition can happen when you breathe dust, chemicals or other irritants at work. […] Once you have an asthma diagnosis, your allergist usually helps you treat and manage your asthma. The goal is to control inflammation, avoid triggers and make a plan to manage sudden attacks. […] Many people come to Henry Ford with more complex asthma. A team of specialists discusses each patients individual case. Not every medical center takes this approach, but we believe expertise results in better care. Our team includes doctors, respiratory therapists and pharmacists. […] We develop a treatment plan specific to your health, your needs and your priorities. Your asthma plan may include: […] Advanced care for severe asthma: Severe asthma, also known as refractory asthma, doesnt respond to typical treatment. At Henry Ford, we have the skill and the tools to offer solutions for refractory asthma in our pulmonary program. […] Pulmonary rehabilitation: We offer a supervised exercise program that can help reduce shortness of breath and other asthma symptoms. Most important, you can gain more energy for your daily life.

• #36 Standards of care for occupational asthma | Thorax

  https://thorax.bmj.com/content/63/3/240

  Secondary prevention of occupational asthma will also potentially arise as part of a health surveillance programme. […] Tertiary prevention is largely concerned with reducing the disability associated with occupational asthma in workers already diagnosed with this condition. […] The management of occupational asthma does not differ significantly from the management of asthma that is not work related. […] The symptoms and functional impairment of occupational asthma caused by various agents may persist for years after avoidance of further exposure to the causative agent. […] The likelihood of improvement or resolution of symptoms or of preventing deterioration is greater in workers who have no further exposure to the causative agent. […] Redeployment to a low exposure area may lead to improvement or resolution of symptoms or prevent deterioration in some workers but is not always effective. […] Workers with occupational asthma suffer financially.

• #37 Standards of care for occupational asthma | Thorax

  https://thorax.bmj.com/content/63/3/240

  Occupational asthma remains a common disease in the UK with up to 3000 new cases diagnosed each year. […] The prognosis of individuals with occupational asthma is better if they are removed from exposure quickly, particularly within a year of first symptoms. […] This article is intended to give guidance to all healthcare professionals dealing with workers exposed to agents that potentially cause asthma, and was designed specifically for this purpose in collaboration with the British Thoracic Society (BTS) Standards of Care Committee. […] Health surveillance can detect occupational asthma at an earlier stage of disease and the outcome is improved in workers who are included in a health surveillance programme. […] Primary prevention of occupational asthma can be achieved by carrying out a comprehensive risk assessment of the workplace, allowing reduction in exposure to asthmagens and through an appropriate health surveillance programme.

• #38 Occupational asthma – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/occupational-asthma/symptoms-causes/syc-20375772

  Occupational asthma is a type of asthma caused by breathing in fumes, gases, dust or other substances while on the job. […] Avoiding triggers is important for managing occupational asthma. Treatment includes medicines that reduce symptoms. […] If occupational asthma is not treated and triggers are not avoided, the asthma can cause permanent changes to the lungs. […] Occupational asthma symptoms may include: Wheezing. Coughing. Shortness of breath. Chest tightness. […] Seek medical treatment right away if your symptoms worsen. […] The best way to prevent occupational asthma is to control exposure to chemicals and other substances that are known to be irritating. […] Medicines may help relieve symptoms and control inflammation linked to occupational asthma. […] If you are in the United States and you have a high-risk job, your company must follow rules to help protect you from harmful chemicals. […] Under OSHA guidelines, your employer is required to keep a material safety data sheet (MSDS) for each harmful chemical used in your workplace.

• #39 Occupational asthma – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/occupational-asthma/symptoms-causes/syc-20375772

  Occupational asthma is a type of asthma caused by breathing in fumes, gases, dust or other substances while on the job. […] Avoiding triggers is important for managing occupational asthma. Treatment includes medicines that reduce symptoms. […] If occupational asthma is not treated and triggers are not avoided, the asthma can cause permanent changes to the lungs. […] Occupational asthma symptoms may include: Wheezing. Coughing. Shortness of breath. Chest tightness. […] Seek medical treatment right away if your symptoms worsen. […] The best way to prevent occupational asthma is to control exposure to chemicals and other substances that are known to be irritating. […] Medicines may help relieve symptoms and control inflammation linked to occupational asthma. […] If you are in the United States and you have a high-risk job, your company must follow rules to help protect you from harmful chemicals. […] Under OSHA guidelines, your employer is required to keep a material safety data sheet (MSDS) for each harmful chemical used in your workplace.

• #40 Standards of care for occupational asthma | Thorax

  https://thorax.bmj.com/content/63/3/240

  Secondary prevention of occupational asthma will also potentially arise as part of a health surveillance programme. […] Tertiary prevention is largely concerned with reducing the disability associated with occupational asthma in workers already diagnosed with this condition. […] The management of occupational asthma does not differ significantly from the management of asthma that is not work related. […] The symptoms and functional impairment of occupational asthma caused by various agents may persist for years after avoidance of further exposure to the causative agent. […] The likelihood of improvement or resolution of symptoms or of preventing deterioration is greater in workers who have no further exposure to the causative agent. […] Redeployment to a low exposure area may lead to improvement or resolution of symptoms or prevent deterioration in some workers but is not always effective. […] Workers with occupational asthma suffer financially.

• #41

  https://www.hsa.ie/eng/workplace_health/occupational_asthma_and_dermatitis/occupational_asthma_frequently_asked_questions/

  Occupational asthma is caused as a direct result of workplace exposure. There are 2 forms of occupational asthma: Irritant Induced Occupational Asthma (previously called Reactive Airway Dysfunction Syndrome or RADS) and Allergic Occupational Asthma. This is the cause of the vast majority of occupational asthma cases. […] Allergic Occupational Asthma is caused by sensitisation or becoming allergic to a specific chemical agent in the workplace over a period of time. This is the mechanism for the vast majority (90%) of cases of occupational asthma. […] Health surveillance is used to detect the early onset or symptoms of asthma. It is deemed to be secondary prevention, (by detecting adverse effects early rather than total prevention) and not as effective as the primary prevention measures outlined above. Health surveillance where used, has to be used in conjunction with these other control measures. […] The evaluation of a potential case of occupational asthma is usually best done by a specialist occupational physician or a specialist respiratory physician with an interest in occupational asthma or ideally both.

• #42 Standards of care for occupational asthma | Thorax

  https://thorax.bmj.com/content/63/3/240

  Occupational asthma remains a common disease in the UK with up to 3000 new cases diagnosed each year. […] The prognosis of individuals with occupational asthma is better if they are removed from exposure quickly, particularly within a year of first symptoms. […] This article is intended to give guidance to all healthcare professionals dealing with workers exposed to agents that potentially cause asthma, and was designed specifically for this purpose in collaboration with the British Thoracic Society (BTS) Standards of Care Committee. […] Health surveillance can detect occupational asthma at an earlier stage of disease and the outcome is improved in workers who are included in a health surveillance programme. […] Primary prevention of occupational asthma can be achieved by carrying out a comprehensive risk assessment of the workplace, allowing reduction in exposure to asthmagens and through an appropriate health surveillance programme.

• #43 Standards of care for occupational asthma | Thorax

  https://thorax.bmj.com/content/63/3/240

  Secondary prevention of occupational asthma will also potentially arise as part of a health surveillance programme. […] Tertiary prevention is largely concerned with reducing the disability associated with occupational asthma in workers already diagnosed with this condition. […] The management of occupational asthma does not differ significantly from the management of asthma that is not work related. […] The symptoms and functional impairment of occupational asthma caused by various agents may persist for years after avoidance of further exposure to the causative agent. […] The likelihood of improvement or resolution of symptoms or of preventing deterioration is greater in workers who have no further exposure to the causative agent. […] Redeployment to a low exposure area may lead to improvement or resolution of symptoms or prevent deterioration in some workers but is not always effective. […] Workers with occupational asthma suffer financially.

• #44 Principles for Management of Occupational Asthma – Complete Orthopedics

  https://www.cortho.org/workers-compensation/mtg/occupational-work-related-asthma/management-of-occupational-asthma-oa/

  Once more, heightened medical surveillance is advised, and removal of exposure is advocated if evidence of disease worsening is shown. […] Accurate knowledge of the effects of various management choices is necessary to choose the most suitable treatment for OA. […] Persistence of Exposure is recommended informing that persistence of exposure to the causal agent is likely to result in a deterioration of asthma symptoms and airway obstruction. […] Avoidance of Exposure is recommended informing that complete avoidance of exposure is associated with the highest probability of improvement, but may not lead to a complete recovery from asthma. […] Once a diagnosis of OA is confirmed, the patient should be advised that the prognosis is improved by early and complete removal from exposure. […] Symptoms and functional impairment associated with OA may persist for many years after avoidance of further exposure to the causative agent.

• #45 Principles for Management of Occupational Asthma – Complete Orthopedics

  https://www.cortho.org/workers-compensation/mtg/occupational-work-related-asthma/management-of-occupational-asthma-oa/

  Once more, heightened medical surveillance is advised, and removal of exposure is advocated if evidence of disease worsening is shown. […] Accurate knowledge of the effects of various management choices is necessary to choose the most suitable treatment for OA. […] Persistence of Exposure is recommended informing that persistence of exposure to the causal agent is likely to result in a deterioration of asthma symptoms and airway obstruction. […] Avoidance of Exposure is recommended informing that complete avoidance of exposure is associated with the highest probability of improvement, but may not lead to a complete recovery from asthma. […] Once a diagnosis of OA is confirmed, the patient should be advised that the prognosis is improved by early and complete removal from exposure. […] Symptoms and functional impairment associated with OA may persist for many years after avoidance of further exposure to the causative agent.

• #46 Occupational Asthma: Symptoms and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/occupational-asthma

  Employers are obliged by the Equality Act 2010 to make reasonable adjustments for any employees with disability due to occupational asthma. […] The pharmacological management of occupational asthma is assumed to be the same as for any other cause of asthma, following national guidelines. […] Anxiety, depression, and poor quality of life are more common amongst people with occupational asthma. […] The prognosis of individuals with occupational asthma is better if they are removed from exposure quickly, particularly within a year of first symptoms.

• #47 Occupational Asthma: Symptoms and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/occupational-asthma

  Employers are obliged by the Equality Act 2010 to make reasonable adjustments for any employees with disability due to occupational asthma. […] The pharmacological management of occupational asthma is assumed to be the same as for any other cause of asthma, following national guidelines. […] Anxiety, depression, and poor quality of life are more common amongst people with occupational asthma. […] The prognosis of individuals with occupational asthma is better if they are removed from exposure quickly, particularly within a year of first symptoms.

• #48 Asthma – Care of the Patient Course | CNA Ceu | CEUfast

  https://ceufast.com/course/care-for-the-patient-with-asthma

  The patient usually has long-term medication, such as an inhaler, to reduce inflammation, which is taken daily. However, they can also use quick-relief inhalers during asthma attacks. The quick-relief medication relaxes the muscles of the airway, relieving symptoms. The patient should also know when to contact emergency services for needed help. […] Help the patient to remain calm and reassure them that you are staying with them until they feel better. Explain to the patient that anxiety and agitation will be better if they can try to relax their breathing. […] A patient with asthma may have a limited quality of life. Several things cause a poor quality of life. First is the patients inability to sleep. Lack of sleep can be an issue for a child who has to get up and go to school or those who must be to work on time. Physical activity can be limited as well, putting the patient at a greater risk of developing medical issues, including obesity and depression (Mayo Clinic, 2022).

• #49 Asthma: Nursing Diagnoses, Care Plans, Assessment & Interventions | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/asthma-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  Nurses can expect to have frequent contact with patients who have asthma. Asthma can present as an acute exacerbation requiring prompt treatment and close observation or as a chronic condition in the patients history. Nurses can support patients in the management of their disease by providing education on symptoms, triggers, and medications. […] Nursing interventions and care are essential for the patients recovery. In the following section, you will learn more about possible nursing interventions for a patient with asthma. […] Education on medication adherence. Long-term control medications are taken daily or scheduled to control and prevent flares. Short-term (rescue) medications are used for symptom relief during an attack. Instruct the patients on the proper administration of the following medications:

• #50 Standards of care for occupational asthma | Thorax

  https://thorax.bmj.com/content/63/3/240

  Secondary prevention of occupational asthma will also potentially arise as part of a health surveillance programme. […] Tertiary prevention is largely concerned with reducing the disability associated with occupational asthma in workers already diagnosed with this condition. […] The management of occupational asthma does not differ significantly from the management of asthma that is not work related. […] The symptoms and functional impairment of occupational asthma caused by various agents may persist for years after avoidance of further exposure to the causative agent. […] The likelihood of improvement or resolution of symptoms or of preventing deterioration is greater in workers who have no further exposure to the causative agent. […] Redeployment to a low exposure area may lead to improvement or resolution of symptoms or prevent deterioration in some workers but is not always effective. […] Workers with occupational asthma suffer financially.

• #51 Update on the Management of Occupational Asthma and Work-Exacerbated Asthma

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6340795/

  Despite these recommendations, the mean time from the onset of symptoms to diagnosis is often 2 or more years. […] The advice to completely avoid the causative sensitizing agent at work can sometimes be achieved relatively simply by changing the material used at work (e.g., natural rubber latex gloves or a quaternary ammonium cleaning product), but often this is not feasible, so that the patient needs to be moved to a different work area or to a different company or job, leading potentially to significant socio-economic impact. […] Considerations for work modification for patients with irritant-induced asthma and those with work-exacerbated asthma from irritants or physical factors (such as cold air, humid air and exercise) are similar. […] For the subset of patients with work-exacerbated asthma from common allergens at work, e.g., a domestic cleaner allergic to cats or dust mites in the houses being cleaned, more stringent avoidance measures may be needed to prevent ongoing exacerbations.

• #52 Is my asthma work-related? | Mass.gov

  https://www.mass.gov/info-details/is-my-asthma-work-related

  Work-related asthma may be reversible, but permanent damage, or even death can occur if exposure continues. […] Workers in many jobs can be exposed to substances that can cause or worsen asthma. Some examples are: Nurses & other health care workers. […] Federal safety laws require your employer to provide a safe & healthy workplace. […] Your employer should protect you by taking the following steps to make your workplace healthier. […] Provide respirators or masks to reduce exposures to hazardous substances. Respirators require medical approval, hazard assessments & training. […] If your asthma is caused or worsened by work, you have the right to file for workers’ compensation. Benefits include: Payment of all medical bills related to your asthma. […] In order to obtain workers’ compensation: Tell your employer about your health condition right away. Ask him/her to file a First Report of Injury.

• #53 Occupational asthma – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/occupational-asthma/symptoms-causes/syc-20375772

  Occupational asthma is a type of asthma caused by breathing in fumes, gases, dust or other substances while on the job. […] Avoiding triggers is important for managing occupational asthma. Treatment includes medicines that reduce symptoms. […] If occupational asthma is not treated and triggers are not avoided, the asthma can cause permanent changes to the lungs. […] Occupational asthma symptoms may include: Wheezing. Coughing. Shortness of breath. Chest tightness. […] Seek medical treatment right away if your symptoms worsen. […] The best way to prevent occupational asthma is to control exposure to chemicals and other substances that are known to be irritating. […] Medicines may help relieve symptoms and control inflammation linked to occupational asthma. […] If you are in the United States and you have a high-risk job, your company must follow rules to help protect you from harmful chemicals. […] Under OSHA guidelines, your employer is required to keep a material safety data sheet (MSDS) for each harmful chemical used in your workplace.

• #54 Principles for Management of Occupational Asthma – Complete Orthopedics

  https://www.cortho.org/workers-compensation/mtg/occupational-work-related-asthma/management-of-occupational-asthma-oa/

  Once more, heightened medical surveillance is advised, and removal of exposure is advocated if evidence of disease worsening is shown. […] Accurate knowledge of the effects of various management choices is necessary to choose the most suitable treatment for OA. […] Persistence of Exposure is recommended informing that persistence of exposure to the causal agent is likely to result in a deterioration of asthma symptoms and airway obstruction. […] Avoidance of Exposure is recommended informing that complete avoidance of exposure is associated with the highest probability of improvement, but may not lead to a complete recovery from asthma. […] Once a diagnosis of OA is confirmed, the patient should be advised that the prognosis is improved by early and complete removal from exposure. […] Symptoms and functional impairment associated with OA may persist for many years after avoidance of further exposure to the causative agent.

• #55 Progress in Occupational Asthma

  https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/12/4553

  An early diagnosis is essential for a favorable outcome of the asthma. […] All patients with OA should be managed like other not work-related asthmatics with regard to asthma education, control of exposure to environmental triggers and appropriate pharmacotherapy. […] Workers who have had a high-level irritant exposure may require emergency treatment according to clinical practice recommendations. […] The optimal management of OA should include preventive measures, follow-up programs, medical evaluation, education of workers and treatment compliance.

• #56 Asthma (Nursing) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK568760/

  Nurses also play a vital role in school-based asthma education programs that can help improve self-esteem, knowledge and self-management behaviors. […] Despite great awareness of the disease, asthma still results in high morbidity and even mortality. There are universal guidelines on managing the disorder, but patient compliance with medications remains a big problem. Hence, all healthcare workers have a responsibility in encouraging medication compliance and close follow up with the primary care physician.

• #57 Occupational Asthma and Cleaning | Mount Sinai Today

  https://health.mountsinai.org/blog/occupational-asthma-and-cleaning/

  When disinfectants must be used, properly fitted personal protective gear should be used to reduce the amount of chemicals breathed in and any symptoms should be reported immediately. Physicians in occupational medicine and industrial hygiene specialists can assist employers and workers to assess and reduce hazards in the workplace and provide training on how to safely work with disinfectants. […] People suffering from occupational or work-exacerbated asthma often do not realize their symptoms are related to their job. If symptoms worsen during the work day and decrease when away from work, this could be indicative of occupational asthma. Anyone experiencing symptoms should get an evaluation done by an occupational physician or pulmonologist experienced in the care of patients with work-related asthma.

• #58 GP and Practice nurse guide to Occupational Asthma | The Society of Occupational Medicine

  https://www.som.org.uk/gp-and-practice-nurse-guide-occupational-asthma

  Patients may unknowingly have a health problem that is caused or made worse by their work. […] This makes early case finding an important role for primary care clinicians. […] About 1 in 6 cases of adult-onset asthma are caused by exposures to substances in the workplace. […] Rhinitis often accompanies and may precede the onset of occupational asthma usually by about a year; so, it can be an early indicator of sensitisation. […] Prognosis is best in patients whose occupational asthma is diagnosed early; who have relatively normal lung function and who avoid further exposure to the causative agent early in the course of the disease. […] Consider the possibility of an occupational cause in all adult patients who present to primary care with either new-onset or worsening asthma and/or rhinitis symptoms.

• #59 Asthma Nursing Care Management and Study Guide

  https://nurseslabs.com/asthma/

  A major challenge is to implement basic asthma management principles at the home and community level. […] Patient teaching is a critical component of care for patients with asthma. Teach patient and family about asthma (chronic inflammatory), purpose and action of medications, triggers to avoid and how to do so, and proper inhalation technique. Instruct patient and family about peak-flow monitoring. Obtain current educational materials for the patient based on the patients diagnosis, causative factors, educational level, and cultural background. […] Nurses should emphasize adherence to the prescribed therapy, preventive measures, and the need to keep follow-up appointments with health care providers. Teach patient how to implement an action plan and how and when to seek assistance. […] Home visits by the nurse to assess the home environment for allergens may be indicated for patients with recurrent exacerbations.

• #60 Asthma (Nursing) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK568760/

  Nurses also play a vital role in school-based asthma education programs that can help improve self-esteem, knowledge and self-management behaviors. […] Despite great awareness of the disease, asthma still results in high morbidity and even mortality. There are universal guidelines on managing the disorder, but patient compliance with medications remains a big problem. Hence, all healthcare workers have a responsibility in encouraging medication compliance and close follow up with the primary care physician.

• #61 Asthma Nursing Care Management and Study Guide

  https://nurseslabs.com/asthma/

  A major challenge is to implement basic asthma management principles at the home and community level. […] Patient teaching is a critical component of care for patients with asthma. Teach patient and family about asthma (chronic inflammatory), purpose and action of medications, triggers to avoid and how to do so, and proper inhalation technique. Instruct patient and family about peak-flow monitoring. Obtain current educational materials for the patient based on the patients diagnosis, causative factors, educational level, and cultural background. […] Nurses should emphasize adherence to the prescribed therapy, preventive measures, and the need to keep follow-up appointments with health care providers. Teach patient how to implement an action plan and how and when to seek assistance. […] Home visits by the nurse to assess the home environment for allergens may be indicated for patients with recurrent exacerbations.

• #62 Nursing Diagnosis for Asthma: 8 Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/asthma-nursing-care-plans/

  Therapeutic interventions and nursing actions for patients with asthma may include: 1. Improving Breathing Pattern Gas Exchange 2. Maintaining Patent Airways Reducing Airway Inflammation 3. Medical Administration and Pharmacologic Support 4. Preventing Exacerbation of Asthma 5. Reducing Anxiety Improving Coping 6. Providing Patient Education Health Teachings. […] Educate about environmental control and allergen avoidance. Environmental exposures and irritants can play a strong role in symptom exacerbations. […] Educate regarding allergen immunotherapy. The National Asthma Education and Prevention Program Expert Panel Report recommends that immunotherapy be considered if a relationship is clear between symptoms and exposure to an unavoidable allergen to which the client is sensitive; symptoms occur all year or during a major portion of the year, and if symptoms are difficult to control with pharmacologic management because the medication is ineffective.

• #63 Standards of care for occupational asthma | Thorax

  https://thorax.bmj.com/content/63/3/190

  Unfortunately, there has often been a period of several years between the onset of symptoms from occupational asthma and diagnosis. Potential reasons for delay in diagnosis include workers lack of awareness of work-related asthma and of the association between their symptoms and workplace exposures. This is especially likely when the sensitiser is a low molecular weight (chemical) sensitiser which may cause isolated late asthmatic responses occurring several hours after exposure. Symptoms may then be worst after leaving a work shift or during sleep after work. Even if they do recognise a work association, workers may be afraid to report this to their physician for fear of losing their job or transfer to a lower paid job.

• #64 Update on the Management of Occupational Asthma and Work-Exacerbated Asthma

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6340795/

  Despite these recommendations, the mean time from the onset of symptoms to diagnosis is often 2 or more years. […] The advice to completely avoid the causative sensitizing agent at work can sometimes be achieved relatively simply by changing the material used at work (e.g., natural rubber latex gloves or a quaternary ammonium cleaning product), but often this is not feasible, so that the patient needs to be moved to a different work area or to a different company or job, leading potentially to significant socio-economic impact. […] Considerations for work modification for patients with irritant-induced asthma and those with work-exacerbated asthma from irritants or physical factors (such as cold air, humid air and exercise) are similar. […] For the subset of patients with work-exacerbated asthma from common allergens at work, e.g., a domestic cleaner allergic to cats or dust mites in the houses being cleaned, more stringent avoidance measures may be needed to prevent ongoing exacerbations.

• #65 Asthma: Nursing Diagnoses, Care Plans, Assessment & Interventions | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/asthma-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  Encourage lifestyle and occupational modifications. Self-monitoring, weight loss, quitting smoking, and limiting exposure to pollution are all crucial for delaying disease progression and lowering the frequency of acute attacks. […] Nursing care plans help prioritize assessments and interventions for both short and long-term goals of care.

• #66 Occupational Asthma and Cleaning | Mount Sinai Today

  https://health.mountsinai.org/blog/occupational-asthma-and-cleaning/

  Asthma, a disease which is characterized by the inflammation of the airways that makes breathing difficult, can be caused by exposures in the workplace. Some chemicals prevalent in workplace settings triggers swelling in the airways, allowing less air to go to the lungs and causing symptoms like coughing, shortness of breath, wheezing, and chest tightness. It is estimated that in the United States 15% of disabling asthma cases are associated with work-related factors, making occupational asthma the most common occupational lung disease (NHLBI, 2011). […] More than 250 substances have been recognized as asthma inducing or worsening agents, and several of these substances are found in cleaning and disinfecting products. Janitors, cleaners, health care workers, food service workers, and others who use these products as a part of their job are thus at a particularly high risk. Individuals working in areas that are often disinfected may also be at risk.

• #67 Occupational Asthma in Health Care Professionals — Occupational Health & Safety

  https://ohsonline.com/Articles/2003/09/Occupational-Asthma-in-Health-Care-Professionals.aspx?admgarea=ht.HealthCare

  Occupational asthma is defined as asthma caused by workplace exposures to biological agents. […] In the modern hospital environment, health care workers are exposed to hazardous substances–respiratory sensitizers, irritants, infectious agents, and others. […] The increasing number of reports documenting cases of health care workers developing asthma because of workplace exposure has caused great concern and raised awareness. […] As awareness about this issue is raised further, an increasing number of health care professionals will seek advice about respiratory symptoms in the hospital environment. […] Numerous substances have been identified as being prevalent within the health care setting. […] Allergens of a high molecular weight are classed as weighing over 5000 daltons. […] In the majority of cases the patient’s complain of allergic symptoms affecting the eyes, nose, or skin, with a clear relation between chest symptoms and occupational exposure.

• #68 Work-Related Asthma – MN Dept. of Health

  https://www.health.state.mn.us/diseases/asthma/workplaces/index.html

  If exposures at work have caused the development of newly diagnosed asthma, it is referred to as Occupational Asthma (OA). Approximately 17% of all adult-onset asthma cases are related to occupational exposures. […] The best plan of action is to create a safe and healthy work environment to minimize exposure to allergens and/or irritants in the workplace. […] Some larger workplaces may have industrial hygienists, occupational health nurses and even occupational physicians on staff to help ensure worker safety. These professionals can be a resource to help workers and employers address the control of irritants and allergens found in the workplace. […] Unless work-related asthma is diagnosed and managed early, it is likely to continue and can get worse. Work with your health care provider if you suspect you might have work-related asthma. Early detection and treatment can improve the quality of life and progression or development of the disease. Health care providers should ask their asthma patients about possible work-related exposures.

• #69 Occupational Asthma and Cleaning | Mount Sinai Today

  https://health.mountsinai.org/blog/occupational-asthma-and-cleaning/

  When disinfectants must be used, properly fitted personal protective gear should be used to reduce the amount of chemicals breathed in and any symptoms should be reported immediately. Physicians in occupational medicine and industrial hygiene specialists can assist employers and workers to assess and reduce hazards in the workplace and provide training on how to safely work with disinfectants. […] People suffering from occupational or work-exacerbated asthma often do not realize their symptoms are related to their job. If symptoms worsen during the work day and decrease when away from work, this could be indicative of occupational asthma. Anyone experiencing symptoms should get an evaluation done by an occupational physician or pulmonologist experienced in the care of patients with work-related asthma.

• #70 Occupational Asthma and Cleaning | Mount Sinai Today

  https://health.mountsinai.org/blog/occupational-asthma-and-cleaning/

  Asthma, a disease which is characterized by the inflammation of the airways that makes breathing difficult, can be caused by exposures in the workplace. Some chemicals prevalent in workplace settings triggers swelling in the airways, allowing less air to go to the lungs and causing symptoms like coughing, shortness of breath, wheezing, and chest tightness. It is estimated that in the United States 15% of disabling asthma cases are associated with work-related factors, making occupational asthma the most common occupational lung disease (NHLBI, 2011). […] More than 250 substances have been recognized as asthma inducing or worsening agents, and several of these substances are found in cleaning and disinfecting products. Janitors, cleaners, health care workers, food service workers, and others who use these products as a part of their job are thus at a particularly high risk. Individuals working in areas that are often disinfected may also be at risk.

• #71 Occupational Asthma and Cleaning | Mount Sinai Today

  https://health.mountsinai.org/blog/occupational-asthma-and-cleaning/

  When disinfectants must be used, properly fitted personal protective gear should be used to reduce the amount of chemicals breathed in and any symptoms should be reported immediately. Physicians in occupational medicine and industrial hygiene specialists can assist employers and workers to assess and reduce hazards in the workplace and provide training on how to safely work with disinfectants. […] People suffering from occupational or work-exacerbated asthma often do not realize their symptoms are related to their job. If symptoms worsen during the work day and decrease when away from work, this could be indicative of occupational asthma. Anyone experiencing symptoms should get an evaluation done by an occupational physician or pulmonologist experienced in the care of patients with work-related asthma.

• #72 Occupational Asthma and Cleaning | Mount Sinai Today

  https://health.mountsinai.org/blog/occupational-asthma-and-cleaning/

  When disinfectants must be used, properly fitted personal protective gear should be used to reduce the amount of chemicals breathed in and any symptoms should be reported immediately. Physicians in occupational medicine and industrial hygiene specialists can assist employers and workers to assess and reduce hazards in the workplace and provide training on how to safely work with disinfectants. […] People suffering from occupational or work-exacerbated asthma often do not realize their symptoms are related to their job. If symptoms worsen during the work day and decrease when away from work, this could be indicative of occupational asthma. Anyone experiencing symptoms should get an evaluation done by an occupational physician or pulmonologist experienced in the care of patients with work-related asthma.

• #73 Occupational asthma a risk for veterinarians | American Veterinary Medical Associationmultiple-users-1information-circle

  https://www.avma.org/javma-news/2008-07-15/occupational-asthma-risk-veterinarians

  Veterinarians are bombarded daily with animal proteins, powder proteins from latex gloves, powdered medications, and various other substances that, with long-term exposure, can put them at risk for occupational asthma. […] In fact, the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology identifies veterinarians as one of the professions at highest risk for occupational asthma, which results from long-term exposure to a substance that causes the body’s immune system to develop antibodies or other immune responses. […] However, early diagnosis of occupational asthma is critical. Unless action is taken to reduce or eliminate exposure, permanent lung changes may occur that can lead to symptoms of asthma, even when the person is away from trigger substances. […] Risk factors for occupational asthma include smoking and a previous personal or family history of allergies. However, even those with no such history are vulnerable.

• #74 Lab Animal Allergies and Occupational Asthma | Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee | University of Nevada, Reno

  https://www.unr.edu/iacuc/training-resources/zoonoses/allergies-asthma

  Laboratory animal allergies (LAA) and occupational asthma (OA) are immune system reactions which develop from exposure to animal allergens (urine, dander, saliva) and are among the most common and serious occupational diseases for persons, especially during long term work with laboratory rodents and rabbits. […] If you feel you are experiencing LAA or OA, you should contact the occupational health provider for an evaluation as soon as possible and meanwhile, limit your exposure to laboratory rodents pending your evaluation and the providers recommendations. […] Properly fitted N95 respirators or PAPRs are effective in reducing your allergen exposure, sensitization and associated LAA illnesses. […] The Universitys risk assessment mandates the use of respiratory protection for certain activities, such as dumping of soiled bedding.

• #75 Occupational asthma a risk for veterinarians | American Veterinary Medical Associationmultiple-users-1information-circle

  https://www.avma.org/javma-news/2008-07-15/occupational-asthma-risk-veterinarians

  Because sufferers are frequently misdiagnosed with bronchitis, AAAAI recommends that anyone with a history or symptoms suggesting occupational asthma consult with an allergist/immunologist. Testing can confirm the diagnosis, determine whether it is workplace-related, and guide treatment decisions. […] In some cases, reducing exposure and taking medications to counteract symptoms of asthma can help. In others, eliminating exposure is the only option. […] The AVMA GHLIT offers disability insurance plans that can help veterinarians meet financial obligations if they become unable to work as a result of occupational asthma or other disabling accidents or illnesses—coverage Dr. Loper highly recommends. […] To reduce workplace exposure, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health recommends that veterinary practices take several proactive measures: modify ventilation to direct airflow away from employees, increase ventilation rate and humidity in areas where animals are housed, and ventilate those areas separately from the rest of the facility. […] Steps veterinarians can take include the following: reducing skin contact to allergens by wearing laboratory coats, nonlatex gloves, and particulate respirators with face shields, washing hands frequently, not wearing street clothes at work, laundering and leaving work clothes at the workplace.

• #76 Knowledge and utilisation of occupational asthma guidelines in primary care | Primary Care Respiratory Journal

  https://www.nature.com/articles/pcrj201047

  To develop an occupational asthma learning module, which could be used both as an educational tool and to evaluate awareness and usage of clinical guidelines in primary care. […] The e-mail follow-up questionnaire demonstrated improved usage and awareness of national occupational asthma guidelines. […] Significant barriers remain in ensuring that evidence-based occupational medicine guidelines are adopted in primary care. This project has demonstrated that e-learning offers one method of improving postgraduate medical education in this area, particularly where evidence-based guidelines have already been developed.

• #77 Knowledge and utilisation of occupational asthma guidelines in primary care | Primary Care Respiratory Journal

  https://www.nature.com/articles/pcrj201047

  To develop an occupational asthma learning module, which could be used both as an educational tool and to evaluate awareness and usage of clinical guidelines in primary care. […] The e-mail follow-up questionnaire demonstrated improved usage and awareness of national occupational asthma guidelines. […] Significant barriers remain in ensuring that evidence-based occupational medicine guidelines are adopted in primary care. This project has demonstrated that e-learning offers one method of improving postgraduate medical education in this area, particularly where evidence-based guidelines have already been developed.

• #78 GP and Practice nurse guide to Occupational Asthma | The Society of Occupational Medicine

  https://www.som.org.uk/gp-and-practice-nurse-guide-occupational-asthma

  Patients may unknowingly have a health problem that is caused or made worse by their work. […] This makes early case finding an important role for primary care clinicians. […] About 1 in 6 cases of adult-onset asthma are caused by exposures to substances in the workplace. […] Rhinitis often accompanies and may precede the onset of occupational asthma usually by about a year; so, it can be an early indicator of sensitisation. […] Prognosis is best in patients whose occupational asthma is diagnosed early; who have relatively normal lung function and who avoid further exposure to the causative agent early in the course of the disease. […] Consider the possibility of an occupational cause in all adult patients who present to primary care with either new-onset or worsening asthma and/or rhinitis symptoms.

• #79 Knowledge and utilisation of occupational asthma guidelines in primary care | Primary Care Respiratory Journal

  https://www.nature.com/articles/pcrj201047

  To develop an occupational asthma learning module, which could be used both as an educational tool and to evaluate awareness and usage of clinical guidelines in primary care. […] The e-mail follow-up questionnaire demonstrated improved usage and awareness of national occupational asthma guidelines. […] Significant barriers remain in ensuring that evidence-based occupational medicine guidelines are adopted in primary care. This project has demonstrated that e-learning offers one method of improving postgraduate medical education in this area, particularly where evidence-based guidelines have already been developed.

• #80 Progress in Occupational Asthma

  https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/12/4553

  Occupational asthma (OA) represents one of the major public health problems due to its high prevalence, important social and economic burden. […] The aim of this review is to summarize current data about clinical phenotypes, biomarkers, diagnosis and management of OA, a subtype of work-related asthma. […] The best diagnostic approach for OA is a combination of clinical history and objective tests. […] Treatment of OA implies avoidance of exposure, pharmacotherapy and education. […] An important tool is a specific inhalation challenge. […] The classic presentation of SI-OA is a worker who develops asthma symptoms that are worse at work and better on weekends or vacations away from work. […] The management of OA should include preventive measures, follow-up programs, medical evaluation, education of workers and treatment compliance.

• #81 Progress in Occupational Asthma

  https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/12/4553

  An early diagnosis is essential for a favorable outcome of the asthma. […] All patients with OA should be managed like other not work-related asthmatics with regard to asthma education, control of exposure to environmental triggers and appropriate pharmacotherapy. […] Workers who have had a high-level irritant exposure may require emergency treatment according to clinical practice recommendations. […] The optimal management of OA should include preventive measures, follow-up programs, medical evaluation, education of workers and treatment compliance.

• #82 What’s New

  https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/WRAPP/Pages/Healthcare.aspx

  Work-related asthma prevention program […] Health Care Professionals and Work-Related Asthma […] Guidance and Resources for Healthcare Professionals […] Association of Occupational Environmental Clinics (AOEC) searchable database of work-related asthma-causing substances […] American Academy of Allergy Asthma Immunology Practice Guidelines […] Diagnosis and Management of Work-Related Asthma, American College of Chest Physicians, Consensus Statement […] National Asthma Education and Prevention Program Expert Panel Report 3: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma […] American Thoracic Society Statement on Work-related Asthma and Airway Diseases (PDF) […] American Thoracic Society Statement on Work Exacerbated Asthma […] American Thoracic Society Statement on Occupational Contribution to Asthma

• #83 What’s New

  https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/WRAPP/Pages/Healthcare.aspx

  Reports Produced by the Work-Related Asthma Prevention Program (WRAPP) […] Investigation of Work-Related Glutaraldehyde Exposures at Two Heart Valve Manufacturing Companies (PDF) executive summary, March 2006 […] Transforming Medical Waste Disposal Practices to Protect Public Health: Worker Health and Safety (PDF, 1.6MB) report, February 2006 […] Journal Articles […] Cleaning Products and Work-Related Asthma, 10 Year Update – journal article abstract, 2020 […] Fragrances and work-related asthmaCalifornia surveillance data, 19932012 journal article abstract, 2017 […] Work-Related Asthma 22 States, 2012 MMWR report, 2015 […] Primary Prevention of Occupational Asthma: identifying and controlling exposures to asthma-causing agents journal article abstract, 2008 […] Glutaraldehyde Exposures Among Workers Making Bioprosthetic Heart Valves journal article abstract, 2007 […] Work-Related Asthma Among Health Care Workers: Surveillance data from California, Massachusetts, Michigan, and New Jersey, 1993-1997 journal article abstract, 2005.

• #84 Work-related Asthma | Mass.gov

  https://www.mass.gov/work-related-asthma

  Asthma is a chronic disease that affects the lungs and can make it difficult to breathe. Asthma may be caused or made worse by exposures in the workplace, such as cleaning chemicals, wheat flour, mold, wood dusts, spray polyurethane foam, and many others. […] According to our data, an estimated 200,000 adults in Massachusetts have work-related asthma. Health care providers should ask all adult patients with new or worsening asthma about work and report suspected cases of work-related asthma to the Department of Public Health (DPH). We use data to characterize work-related asthma in the state and to target intervention efforts. […] Report a case of work-related asthma or other lung disease. […] Recommendations for a Clinical Decision Support System for Work-Related Asthma in Primary Care Settings. […] OSHA – Occupational Asthma. […] American Lung Association – Work-related Asthma. […] Open PDF file, 234.82 KB, Occupational Asthma Treatment Guideline.

• #85 Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Asthma | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-asthma

  Medications play a pivotal role in asthma management. Bronchodilators help relieve bronchoconstriction, while anti-inflammatories reduce airway inflammation. Administering the appropriate medications as prescribed is essential for symptom control and improved lung function. […] Through a collaborative effort involving healthcare providers, patients, and their families, individuals with asthma can achieve improved clinical outcomes, increased comfort, and a higher quality of life. By adhering to evidence-based guidelines and tailoring care to each patient’s specific needs, nurses play a crucial role in helping individuals with asthma manage their condition effectively and live healthier lives.

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