Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Fetal alcohol syndrome – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fetal-alcohol-syndrome/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352907

  There’s no cure or specific treatment for fetal alcohol syndrome. The physical and mental conditions caused by alcohol exposure before birth are lifelong. But early intervention services may help lessen some of the challenges of fetal alcohol syndrome and may help prevent some secondary disabilities. […] Intervention services may include: […] Healthcare professionals who can provide care for vision, hearing or heart conditions. Medicines may help with some symptoms. […] Early intervention specialists, such as a speech therapist, physical therapist and occupational therapist, to help with walking, talking and social skills. […] Special services, such as a special education teacher and a psychologist or other mental health professional, to help with learning and behavioral issues. […] Vocational rehabilitation services to help with getting and keeping a job.

• #2 Treatment of FASDs | Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs) | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/fasd/treatment/index.html

  Treatment and early intervention services are available for people with FASDs. […] There is no cure for FASDs, but research shows that early intervention treatment services can improve a child’s development. Early intervention services help children from birth to 3 years of age (36 months) learn important skills. Services include therapy to help the child talk, walk, and interact with others. […] Children who receive special education geared towards their specific needs and learning style are more likely to reach their full potential. […] Families of children with FASDs who receive social services, such as counseling or respite care have more positive experiences than families who do not receive such services.

• #3 Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS): Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15677-fetal-alcohol-syndrome

  Fetal alcohol syndrome isn’t curable, and the symptoms will impact your child throughout life. However, early treatment of some symptoms can lessen the severity and improve your child’s development. […] Treatment options can include: Using medications to treat some symptoms like attention and behavior issues. […] Undergoing behavior and education therapy for emotional and learning concerns. […] Training you as a parent to best help your child. […] Parental training is meant to help parents to help families cope with behavioral, educational and social challenges. […] There is no cure for fetal alcohol syndrome. […] Some symptoms can be managed with treatment by a healthcare provider, but they won’t go away. […] No one particular treatment is correct for everyone with fetal alcohol syndrome. […] FAS exists on a spectrum of disorders and the way each person is impacted by the condition can vary greatly. […] Receiving treatment as soon as possible in childhood can help decrease the likelihood of developing these secondary effects in life.

• #4 Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/fetalalcoholspectrumdisorders.html

  Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is the most serious type of FASD. People with fetal alcohol syndrome have facial abnormalities, including wide-set and narrow eyes, growth problems and nervous system abnormalities. […] FASDs last a lifetime. There is no cure for FASDs, but treatments can help. These include medicines to help with some symptoms, medical care for health problems, behavior and education therapy, and parent training. A good treatment plan is specific to the child’s problems. It should include close monitoring, follow-ups, and changes when needed.

• #5 Fetal alcohol syndrome – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fetal-alcohol-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20352901

  If you suspect your child has fetal alcohol syndrome, talk to your doctor or other healthcare professional as soon as possible. Early diagnosis and treatment may help lessen some issues. […] Because early diagnosis may help lessen the risk of some challenges for children with fetal alcohol syndrome, let your child’s healthcare professional know if you drank alcohol while you were pregnant. Don’t wait for your child to have issues before seeking help. […] If you have an alcohol problem, get help before you get pregnant. Talk to your healthcare professional or a mental health professional about your drinking. Review how much and how often you drink alcohol so that together you can create a treatment plan to help you quit.

• #6 How Is FAS Treated? – Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

  https://fetal-alcohol.uoguelph.ca/treating-fas/

  There is no cure for the symptoms of FAS. […] However, early diagnosis and treatment can improve a childs development and outlook. […] Early intervention services can act as protective factors to help reduce some of the effects of FAS, and they may also prevent some secondary disabilities. […] In addition, there are a variety of available treatments that can help manage some symptoms of FAS. […] People with FAS require vaccinations, proper nutrition, exercise, hygiene, and basic medical care. […] However, those with FAS must have the symptoms that are specific to the disorder monitored and addressed by either a current doctor or a medical specialist. […] No medications have been approved specifically to treat FAS. […] However, several medications can help to improve some of the symptoms of FAS, such as high energy levels, depression, and an inability to focus.

• #7 Clinical Diagnosis and Management of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder and Sensory Processing Disorder in Children

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10814837/

  FASD requires a multidimensional approach to intervention. […] Although FASD cannot be cured, symptoms can be managed with sleep-based therapies, sensory integration, and cognitive therapies. […] Clinical intervention for SPD is in part determined by symptom severity, which can be managed by a variety of interventions. Interventions to assist children with FASD, SPD, or both, emphasize non-pharmaceutical interventions such as sensory integration, counseling (for both child and family), hands-on activities, sleep-based therapies, introduction of structure and routines, and cognitive control therapies. […] The implementation of early intervention measures aims to enhance outcomes, including the advancement of activities replicating daily living skills and the mitigation of potential secondary conditions such as academic underachievement, deficiencies in social skills, and overall performance in various age-appropriate environments. Management and interventions can be applied in diverse settings including homes, schools, and the community.

• #8 Novel Interventions on Comorbidities in Patients with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD): An Integrative Review

  https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/3/496

  Novel treatments like choline and natural antioxidants and nutritional supplements are the most investigated treatments in humans with promising results. […] The treatment of FASD requires an integrated approach, involving different disciplines (psychiatry, neurology cardiology, nutritional rehabilitation courses, etc.) and professionals. […] To date, there are no specific treatments for FASD. Hence, it is necessary to evaluate each affected subject individually to determine an appropriate targeted treatment and improve the quality of life. […] Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Parent Training are successful therapeutic interventions supporting both FASD patients and the whole family group. […] Sometimes, despite optimization of behavioral interventions, some individuals will need pharmacological treatments for a long period to manage their symptoms and comorbidities.

• #9 Navigating fetal alcohol syndrome: A guide

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/how-to-deal-with-a-child-with-fetal-alcohol-syndrome

  Children with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) may experience physical, mental, and behavioral difficulties. Providing appropriate care and support can help a child with FAS reach their full potential. […] Caregivers can help a child with FAS in many ways, including by seeking early diagnosis and intervention services, adapting the child’s environment, and identifying and building on the child’s unique capabilities and strengths. […] The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) highlights the importance of early intervention services for children with FASD. […] These services are appropriate for children from birth to 3 years of age and can help a child learn important skills such as walking, talking, and interacting with others. […] The CDC also explains that early diagnosis and intervention can help with the following: placing the child in appropriate educational programs so that they can reach their full potential, enabling the child and their family to access appropriate social services, helping the child’s family or school staff understand why the child may act differently from peers.

• #10 Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD): Diagnosis & Treatment | NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/pediatrics/fetal-alcohol-spectrum-disorders-fasd/treatment

  An individualized educational plan (IEP) that includes a special education teacher, a speech therapist, physical and occupational therapists, and a psychologist […] A neuropsychological evaluation to determine the childs strengths from which to develop an effective IEP […] Special services in school to deal with learning and behavioral problems […] Vocational and life training […] There are governmental programs, including BOCES programs, available throughout New York to help people with disabilities learn a skill or trade […] NewYork-Presbyterian can put you in touch with people who are experienced in diagnosing and treating fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Early intervention can help a child achieve their potential. Children enrolled in treatment programs and individualized education programs show better outcomes and can live productive lives.

• #10 Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD): Diagnosis & Treatment | NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/pediatrics/fetal-alcohol-spectrum-disorders-fasd/treatment

  Treatment for FASD differs according to the severity of the condition and the symptoms experienced by each child. One thing is certain: A child affected with FASD should be afforded lifelong treatment and support to manage the social, cognitive, and physiological issues associated with this disorder. […] Treatments for FASD include: […] Early intervention programs […] Developmental services to help with walking, talking, and social skills […] Parental training or counseling to help parents and family deal with the child’s behavioral problems […] Referral for community support services […] Medication […] Medications to help with some symptoms such as anxiety and hyperactivity […] Medical care for health, vision, and heart problems […] Special therapy and educational services

• #11 Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: Therapies and supports – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/fetal-alcohol-spectrum-disorder/support.html

  Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder is a life-long condition. It’s most helpful to intervene as early as possible and get a diagnosis. This can improve: […] Different programs and supports are available depending on individual needs. […] Physicians and pediatricians can refer someone to a specialist or provide a diagnosis. They will: […] prescribe appropriate medication, if needed […] recommend appropriate ways to address health care issues. […] Speech and language pathologists help to develop verbal and social communication abilities. They can help people to: […] Occupational therapists help teach daily life skills to people with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Depending on the person’s abilities, the therapist can help them: […] Psychologists and psychiatrists treat the emotional, social and psychological challenges that people face. They can help someone with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder to develop their:

• #12 Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/fas.html

  There is no cure for fetal alcohol syndrome or other FASDs. But many things can help children reach their full potential, especially if the problem is found early. […] Kids can benefit from: early intervention services and special education in school, speech-language therapy, occupational therapy, and physical therapy, classes that teach kids social skills, counseling with a mental health professional. […] Doctors may prescribe medicines to help with related problems, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression, aggressive behavior, sleep problems, and anxiety. […] Parent training can help caregivers learn how to best care for a child with FAS and handle any problem behaviors.

• #13 Physical Therapy Can Help Children With Fetal Alcohol Syndrome – Focus Therapy

  https://focusflorida.com/physical-therapy/physical-therapy-can-help-children-fetal-alcohol-syndrome/

  Physical therapy can help even small children work on these gross motor skills, helping them achieve important milestones to keep a better pace with their peers. […] Although FASDs are not curable, they can be treated and their impact lessened. Those who are diagnosed and treated before the age of 6 show the best outcomes. […] These skills are important because children with FASDs may often struggle with issues of maintaining their attention span, self-regulation and self-soothing. […] If we are able to intervene with a child by that point, we can help your child make significant strides to overcoming some of the most challenging symptoms associated with fetal alcohol syndrome.

• #14 Behavioral Interventions in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

  https://www.aap.org/en/patient-care/fetal-alcohol-spectrum-disorders/health-supervision/behavioral-interventions-in-fetal-alcohol-spectrum-disorders/?srsltid=AfmBOorgIcCjEEwiVtooHXXErxBID12fzzDqJY2YCfgIi0m5AQDv1LlD

  Suspecting and diagnosing an FASD is only the first step on the therapeutic journey for a child and caregiver. […] Fortunately, validated interventions for children with an FASD are available with additional interventions adaptable to the needs of these children and their families. […] Behavioral interventions improve facets of self-regulation, neurocognition, and adaptive functioning. […] Most were adapted specifically for the strengths and weaknesses of children with an FASD. […] They support positive behavioral techniques and provide specific instruction to children for skill building while helping parents reframe interpretations of behavior and develop specific parenting skills. […] Caregiver education and reframing of behaviors are key components of their effectiveness. […] Recognizing the neurodevelopmental challenges presented by an FASD may help guide therapy decisions and set expectations for parents and caregivers.

• #15 Behavioral Interventions in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

  https://www.aap.org/en/patient-care/fetal-alcohol-spectrum-disorders/health-supervision/behavioral-interventions-in-fetal-alcohol-spectrum-disorders/?srsltid=AfmBOorgIcCjEEwiVtooHXXErxBID12fzzDqJY2YCfgIi0m5AQDv1LlD

  Pediatricians can direct parents and caregivers to these interventions to help them understand that children can benefit from structured environments with reasonable rules, routines, and supervision. […] Office follow-up provides opportunities to monitor progress, give feedback and encouragement, and adjust the therapeutic course as needed. […] The PACT method provides constructs adaptable to the pediatric setting and training for parents and caregivers to improve behavior regulation skills, executive functioning, and parent effectiveness for children with an FASD. […] The methodology also includes parenting strategies to improve child behaviors. […] The Good Buddies training uses explicit instruction of social skills (e.g., slipping into a group). […] The concepts and parenting methods of Zones of Regulation are adaptable for individual children in pediatric office settings.

• #16 How Is FAS Treated? – Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

  https://fetal-alcohol.uoguelph.ca/treating-fas/

  Children with FAS often have learning and behavioural issues. […] Programs exist that use a group format to teach children with FAS age-appropriate skills, such as how to slip into a group, appropriate sharing, and dealing with teasing. […] This can been addressed using neurocognitive habilitation programs which are designed to teach children awareness of their current behavioural state, as well as specific techniques to optimize that state for the current situation. […] There are educational therapy programs that are specifically designed for children with FAS to help improve their mathematical knowledge and skill. […] As a result, parental training exists to educate parents how to best interact with and care for their child with FAS. […] This training is offered by therapists or in special classes, and it can be done in groups or with individual families.

• #17 Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2017/1015/p515.html

  Children with FASD should be monitored and screened for behavioral problems. They have an increased risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (40% to 95%), mood disorders (50%), and oppositional defiant disorder (38%). Medications can improve hyperactivity and impulsivity, but not symptoms of inattention. Children with FASD and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder or other disruptive behaviors should be referred to a developmental pediatrician, psychologist, and/or psychiatrist. Behavioral interventions such as play therapy, children’s friendship training, and specially trained case managers have reasonable evidence of effectiveness, but these resources have variable availability. […] Children with FASD are at increased risk of physical and sexual violence, with 61% experiencing physical or sexual abuse or witnessing domestic violence by 12 years of age. Sexual abuse should be considered in children who present with inappropriate sexual behaviors. Children with FASD who remain in the care of their biologic mother are more likely to experience family dysfunction and instability (e.g., divorce, unemployment, drug and alcohol use). Those who are raised in stable homes have improved outcomes and are less likely to be expelled from or drop out of school, be arrested, or develop substance use problems. Interventions should be aimed at stabilizing the home environment and improving parent-child interactions. Such interventions include parental substance abuse referrals, child discipline courses, parent support groups, and child protective services.

• #18 Clinical Diagnosis and Management of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder and Sensory Processing Disorder in Children

  https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/11/1/108

  A key concept in managing SPDs is the recognition that the observed behavioral manifestations are due to brain damage and are thus best conceptualized as impairments. […] Cognitive-based therapies aim to facilitate a child’s learning of an activity by teaching them how to use skill-specific strategies. […] Effective therapeutic interventions in a variety of domains benefit children and adolescents with FASD. […] Intervention plans can be implemented during appointments in the clinic, as well as in the home, and at school. […] Multiple levels of healthcare provider are available to help children manage the symptoms of an FASD or SPD.

• #18 Clinical Diagnosis and Management of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder and Sensory Processing Disorder in Children

  https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/11/1/108

  FASD requires a multidimensional approach to intervention. […] Although FASD cannot be cured, symptoms can be managed with sleep-based therapies, sensory integration, and cognitive therapies. […] Clinical intervention for SPD is in part determined by symptom severity, which can be managed by a variety of interventions. Interventions to assist children with FASD, SPD, or both, emphasize non-pharmaceutical interventions such as sensory integration, counseling (for both child and family), hands-on activities, sleep-based therapies, introduction of structure and routines, and cognitive control therapies. […] The interventions are based on developmental trajectories the presence of current developmental delays and emphasize successful transition into adulthood. […] There are numerous approaches to therapeutic intervention including the use of sleep-based therapies, cognitive control therapy, introduction of structure and routines, sensory integration, counseling, medications, and other hands-on activities which can have a significant impact on a child’s disorder management.

• #19 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Fetal-Alcohol-Spectrum-Disorders-FASD-Treatments.aspx

  There are no approved medicines or pharmaceutical drugs for the treatment of this syndrome. However, the severities of few FASD symptoms can be reduced with the help of several drugs. […] The most important part in the treatment of children affected with FASDs is education and behavior therapy. […] Although various therapies are followed for treating developmental disabilities in children, only a few procedures are scientifically authorized, particularly in the recovery of FASDs affected children. […] FASD affected children may fail to react to routine parenting methods. Parents are therefore educated about their childrens disabilities via various parent training programs. […] These programs offer the parents ways by which they can enhance the skill sets of their children and to overcome their complications of FASD. […] There are few alternative therapies that are offered for both children and adults affected with such disabilities.

• #20 Types of Treatment for FASDs | Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs) | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/fasd/treatment/types.html

  Treatment services for people with FASDs are most effective when they address a persons specific impairments and build upon their strengths. […] Medical care, behavioral therapy, and parent training are some approaches to help support people with FASDs and their families. […] People with FASDs need quality medical care, just like everyone else. […] No medications have been approved specifically to treat FASDs. But, several medications can help improve some of the symptoms of FASDs. […] Medications can affect each child differently. One medication might work well for one child but not for another. […] Behavior and education therapies can be important parts of treatment for children with FASDs. […] Parent training has been successful in educating parents about their child’s disability. […] Families living with FASDs might need support from a family counselor or therapist. […] Before starting such a treatment, check it out carefully, and talk to your child’s healthcare provider.

• #21 Behavioral Interventions in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

  https://www.aap.org/en/patient-care/fetal-alcohol-spectrum-disorders/health-supervision/behavioral-interventions-in-fetal-alcohol-spectrum-disorders/?srsltid=AfmBOorgIcCjEEwiVtooHXXErxBID12fzzDqJY2YCfgIi0m5AQDv1LlD

  Families Moving Forward is an intervention that is most appropriate for children with severe, clinically significant behavior problems. […] The Families Moving Forward program has developed a large number of brief handouts for parents, caregivers, educators and service providers. […] Triumph Today is a parent training/advocacy program. […] The Alert Program is an occupational therapy program that has been adapted for use for individuals with an FASD. […] The program is the basis for the PACT and Zone of Regulation interventions previously described. […] The Do2Learn site also provides an FASD ToolBox where supportive education and behavior materials are available for download. […] If your practice has the capacity, key elements and adaptations of some of the behavioral interventions can be provided in the pediatric medical home setting or in consultation with an appropriate professional (e.g., psychologist).

• #22 Florida Center for Early Childhood Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Clinic | The Florida Center

  https://www.thefloridacenter.org/what-we-do/fetal-alcohol-spectrum-disorders-clinic/

  There is no cure for FASD, however, treatment can help a child with the diagnosis developmentally stay on track and prevent secondary disabilities from occurring in the future. […] The Florida Centers expertly-trained staff use Families Moving Forward (FMF), an evidence-based practice that provides parents with strategies to reduce child behavioral problems and promote family unity. […] Additional services for children (0-9) are also provided by The Florida Centers team of occupational and mental health therapists. Therapy sessions have been proven to improve cognitive behavior, memory, communication, and socialization. […] The Florida Center also offers virtual support groups for caregivers of FASD children. This group allows caregivers to connect and share stories with others raising FASD children.

• #23 Florida Center for Early Childhood Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Clinic | The Florida Center

  https://www.thefloridacenter.org/what-we-do/fetal-alcohol-spectrum-disorders-clinic/

  The Florida Center is also here to support those mothers because we understand that helping your FASD child may be different with a lot more complex emotions. […] The Florida Center also provides virtual trainings related to FASD, including Families Moving Forward, FASCETS Neurobehavioral Model, Intro to FASD and more.

• #24 Pharmacologic Interventions in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

  https://www.aap.org/en/patient-care/fetal-alcohol-spectrum-disorders/health-supervision/pharmacologic-interventions-in-fetal-alcohol-spectrum-disorders/?srsltid=AfmBOorFgRvbzDlRTSYVUyf-8rid6HJ-nLmgY-ho7bHsoIzUIhY44g8_

  Alcohol is a known teratogen that, when a prenatal exposure occurs, can alter the brain structure and function. […] While there are no pharmacological interventions approved with FASD as an indication, some of the clinical features previously described are amenable to pharmacologic interventions. […] Through a medical home, pharmacologic interventions can be integrated into a comprehensive management plan that includes behavioral interventions, the patients home, school, and/or work environment, as well as other social determinants of health. […] Sometimes, despite optimization of behavioral interventions, some individuals will need pharmacological interventions to manage their symptoms. […] Stimulants (methylphenidate and amphetamine derivatives) are first-line medications primarily used to target symptoms of ADHD common in children with an FASD including but not limited to hyperactivity, inattentiveness, and impulsivity.

• #25 Pharmacologic Interventions in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

  https://www.aap.org/en/patient-care/fetal-alcohol-spectrum-disorders/health-supervision/pharmacologic-interventions-in-fetal-alcohol-spectrum-disorders/?srsltid=AfmBOorFgRvbzDlRTSYVUyf-8rid6HJ-nLmgY-ho7bHsoIzUIhY44g8_

  Alpha-2-adrenergic agonists (e.g. clonidine and guanfacine) are non-stimulant treatments for ADHD which may help reduce the fight or flight response to anxiety in disinhibited children. […] Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (atomoxetine) are non-stimulant treatments that can be used to treat symptoms of ADHD when stimulants are not effective. […] Anxiolytics (e.g. buspirone) can treat symptoms of anxiety commonly seen in children with an FASD. […] Antidepressant medications (e.g. sertraline, fluoxetine) can treat depressive symptoms such as sad mood, loss of interest, sleep problems, and anxiety. […] Neuroleptics (e.g. risperidone or aripiprazole) may be used to treat severe symptoms such as aggression, anxiety, disruptive behavior, tics, and impulsivity. […] Melatonin supplementation may help with disturbances in sleep initiation.

• #26 Pharmacologic Interventions in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

  https://www.aap.org/en/patient-care/fetal-alcohol-spectrum-disorders/health-supervision/pharmacologic-interventions-in-fetal-alcohol-spectrum-disorders/?srsltid=AfmBOorFgRvbzDlRTSYVUyf-8rid6HJ-nLmgY-ho7bHsoIzUIhY44g8_

  Choline may be a potential neurodevelopmental intervention for a child with an FASD. […] The authors concluded that choline could be a good adjunct to the comprehensive treatment of a child with an FASD. […] Set appropriate expectations with family members about the effects of medications. […] Work with a psychiatrist or a developmental and behavioral pediatrician to prescribe or adjust medications. […] Monitor and be attentive to medication side effects that an individual may experience. […] Periodically review the medications for efficacy, side effects, and interactions.

• #27 Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/fetal-alcohol-spectrum-disorders

  Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is caused by drinking alcohol when you’re pregnant. […] How is FASD treated? […] There is no single treatment for FASD. You can help your child to manage their symptoms by getting the medical and social support they need. Your doctor can help you decide which of these services are best for your child. […] Services that can support your child’s development may include: occupational therapy to help develop movement and thinking skills, social skills and independent living skills, speech therapy which supports speech development and communication, physiotherapy can help to encourage the development of your child’s motor (movement) skills. […] The National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) may be able to help you with the costs of some of these supports. To get support from the NDIS, there must be proof that your child has a long-term disability. […] To learn more about strategies that can lead to better results for children with FASD, visit the National Organisation for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders’ (NOFASD) website.

• #28 Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4476607/

  Exercise has many beneficial effects on brain and behavior outcomes. […] Studies suggest that running may enhance learning and memory in rodents prenatally exposed to alcohol. […] A number of clinical research programs are using these findings to develop motor training and/or exercise interventions and investigate their efficacy in individuals with FASD. […] Overall, studies with animal models of FASD demonstrate a wide array of benefits of pharmacological, nutritional, and environmental interventions to both brain structure/function and behavior.

• #28 Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4476607/

  Prenatal alcohol exposure can cause a number of physical, behavioral, cognitive, and neural impairments, collectively known as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). […] Basic research also is pointing toward potential new interventions for FASD involving pharmacotherapies, nutritional therapies, and exercise interventions. […] An assessment of this literature suggests that targeted interventions can improve some impairments resulting from developmental alcohol exposure. However, combining interventions may prove more efficacious. […] Although no specific treatments exist that are unique for FASD, the similarity between the cognitive and behavioral characteristics of FASD and other disorders provides a framework for treatment development. […] Researchers are using their knowledge of the mechanisms underlying alcohol’s toxic effect on the fetus to design preclinical models that test the efficacy of a number of pharmaceutical agents to mitigate alcohol-related impairments.

• #29 Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders | IU Health

  https://iuhealth.org/find-medical-services/fetal-alcohol-spectrum-disorders

  FASD often causes ear problems, including chronic ear infections. This can lead to speech delays. […] Children with FASD can often learn material well but may struggle to retain new knowledge. Specialized math training is effective. Executive functioning training teaches skills such as memory, cause and effect, reasoning, planning and problem solving. […] People with FASD and FAS often experience anger, anxiety and depression at different times in their lives. Pediatric psychiatrists and therapists for adults teach coping skills and strategies for dealing with these situations. […] Children with FASD need guidance so they can learn how to interact with friends and socialize with others. […] Coach-led therapy teaches positive interactions between parents and children with FASD to reduce parent stress and improve child behavior.

• #30 What Medications Are Used for FASD? 8 Types of Drugs, Causes

  https://www.medicinenet.com/what_medications_are_used_for_fasd/article.htm

  A child with FASDs may benefit from the following services: A multidisciplinary team of experts, including an occupational therapist, a special education teacher, a psychiatrist, and a speech therapist, Medical care/specialists (speech-language pathology, physical therapy, mental health care, etc.), Behavioral and educational therapy, Parent training, Alternative approaches (auditory training, creative art therapy, meditation, etc.), Special services are available in elementary and secondary schools to assist students with learning and behavioral issues, Medication to alleviate certain symptoms.

• #31

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/chronic/Pages/Fetal-Alcohol-Spectrum-Disorders-FAQs-of-Parents-and-Families.aspx

  FASDs last a lifetime. There is no cure for FASDs, but identifying children with FASDs as early as possible can help them reach their potential. […] Treatments have been shown to help, but no one treatment is right for every child since one FASD differs from another. FASDs need a medical home to provide, coordinate, and facilitate all the necessary medical, behavioral, social and educational services. […] Many types of FASD treatment are available, including: Developmental services, Educational interventions, Behavior modification, Parent training, Social skills training, Medications and other medical therapies, Transition planning, Advocacy in school and the workplace, Referral for community support services, Coordination across the specialists, partners, and needed supports, Primary care in a high-quality medical home setting with care integration. […] Treatment plans should be adaptable to the child’s and family’s needs, plus include close monitoring and follow-up.

• #32 Navigating fetal alcohol syndrome: A guide

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/how-to-deal-with-a-child-with-fetal-alcohol-syndrome

  Here are some helpful strategies to support a child with FAS. […] Caregivers should provide a level of support that is appropriate for a child of half their child’s chronological age. […] For example, a child who is 10 years old may require a level of parenting that is appropriate for a 5-year-old, and a child who is 16 years old may require a level of parenting appropriate for an 8-year-old. […] Adaptations to consider include creating an environment that is calming and not overly stimulating or distracting, limiting distractions at school by ensuring that the child sits at the front of the class and away from windows, allowing the child to wear headphones to help block out external noises when necessary, providing clear and consistent instructions and routines, communicating appropriately.

• #33 Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) | CAMH

  https://www.camh.ca/en/health-info/mental-illness-and-addiction-index/fetal-alcohol-spectrum-disorder

  If FASD is diagnosed early, interventions may be able to lessen its impact and prevent secondary disabilities. […] Many types of treatments are available for individuals with FASD: medical care/specialists (for example, speech-language pathology, occupational therapy, physical therapy, mental health care, etc.) […] medication to help lessen some of the symptoms of FASD […] behavioural and educational therapy […] parent training […] alternative approaches (auditory training, creative art therapy, meditation, etc.). […] An individual with FASD can be assisted by special programs with their learning and behaviour. Such assistance can enable a person with FASD to maximize their independence and achievements. […] Some protective factors can help reduce the effects of FASD and help individuals with these conditions reach their full potential: early diagnosis […] involvement in special education and social services […] loving, nurturing and stable home environment […] absence of violence.

• #34 Navigating fetal alcohol syndrome: A guide

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/how-to-deal-with-a-child-with-fetal-alcohol-syndrome

  It is important that children with FAS receive praise, even for small achievements. Providing consistent recognition and encouragement can help a child reach their full potential. […] The CDC also highlights the importance of a loving and stable home, noting that children with FASD can be more sensitive to disruptions, changes in routines, and harmful or abusive relationships. […] Self-care strategies can help reduce stress and improve satisfaction in the parenting role. […] According to the CDC, families of children with FASDs who receive support in the form of counseling or respite care can have more positive experiences than families who do not receive such support. […] Caring for a child with FASD can be challenging, and caregivers may experience high levels of stress that can affect their physical and mental health. […] Caregivers may benefit from support in the form of counseling or respite care.

• #35 Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4476607/

  Clinical trials in humans with dementia have shown some promise and no serious adverse consequences, although results with other disorders, such as ischemic stroke remain inconclusive. […] Preclinical models of FASD also have used neuroprotective peptides to mitigate neuropathologies and behavioral impairments resulting from developmental alcohol exposure. […] Research clearly shows that nutritional factors influence alcohol’s damaging effects on the fetus. […] Some studies suggest that women who drink during pregnancy have nutritional deficits relative to control subjects. […] Research also finds that nutritional supplementation during pregnancy may attenuate ethanol’s teratogenic effects. […] Other nutritional interventions target oxidative stress. […] Additional preclinical research indicates that supplementation with beta-carotene, nicotinamide, and zinc all may reduce alcohol’s effects on fetal development, including cell loss, fetal dysmorphology, and cognitive impairments.

• #36 Novel Interventions on Comorbidities in Patients with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD): An Integrative Review

  https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/3/496

  Natural molecules such as choline or EGCG have shown promising results in recent clinical studies; therefore, they could be used as a complementary treatment for some of the clinical manifestations in subjects with FASD. […] However, further research and longer-term follow up need to be performed to better understand the efficacy, safety, and long-lasting impact of these interventions in FASD individuals.

• #37 Reducing Fetal Alcohol Syndrome After Birth | Northwestern Medicine

  https://www.nm.org/healthbeat/medical-advances/reducing-fetal-alcohol-syndrome-after-birth

  Two commonly used drugs erased the learning and memory deficits caused by fetal alcohol exposure when the drugs were given after birth, thus potentially identifying a treatment for the disorder, according to new Northwestern Medicine study published in Molecular Psychology. […] We have identified a potential treatment for alcohol spectrum disorder. Currently, there is none. […] If the drugs are effective in the clinical trial, the infants whose mothers consumed alcohol during their pregnancy potentially could be treated with them, Redei said. […] In two separate arms of the study, Northwestern scientists gave either thyroxine (a hormone that is reduced in pregnant women who drink and in infants with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder) or metformin (an insulin sensitizing drug that lowers blood sugar levels, which is higher in alcoholics) to rat pups exposed to alcohol in utero.

• #38 Reducing Fetal Alcohol Syndrome After Birth | Northwestern Medicine

  https://www.nm.org/healthbeat/medical-advances/reducing-fetal-alcohol-syndrome-after-birth

  We showed in the adult animals that both these treatments reversed the memory deficits as well as some of the molecular changes caused by maternal alcohol consumption, Redei said. […] The surprise finding was that both of these very different drugs worked to reverse the effect of maternal alcohol. […] When researchers then gave the pups metformin, the pups memory returned to normal.

• #39 Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: Early intervention | Encyclopedia on Early Childhood Development

  https://www.child-encyclopedia.com/fetal-alcohol-spectrum-disorders-fasd/according-experts/early-intervention-children-fetal-alcohol

  This paper reviews recent progress in the development of early interventions for young children with FASD, current challenges in providing services for young children in this high-risk population, and potential directions for future research. […] Despite the early onset of cross-domain challenges, many children may not be referred for screening until relatively late (if ever), thus missing out on the potential benefit of early intervention. […] The importance of early identification is highlighted by findings that an early diagnosis is one of the strongest predictors of more positive outcomes for these individuals. […] In the last two decades, some progress has been made in the development of treatments for individuals with FASD, but those focusing on young children have been more limited.

• #40 Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Services (FASD) | OhioGuidestone

  https://ohioguidestone.org/services/child-mental-health-services/fetal-alcohol-spectrum-disorder/

  We offer diagnosis to children ages 5-17. […] Early intervention is especially important. It not only helps parents understand how best to discipline and love their child but also helps teachers and other caregivers understand deficits that come with the diagnosis. […] Our specially trained staff will assess your child utilizing a multi-disciplinary approach of medical professionals. […] The Center for FASD offers therapy for children and parents, provided by specially trained FASD therapists. […] There is no cure for FASD, but research shows that early intervention and access to services can greatly improve a child’s development.

• #41 Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2017/1015/p515.html

  Prognosis varies with the degree of impairment. Persons with FASD are more likely to require special education, receive disability pensions, and be unemployed. Those who receive early diagnosis and intervention (before 12 years of age) have significantly better outcomes, including a two- to fourfold reduction in rates of imprisonment and substance abuse.

• #42 Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD)

  https://phoenixchildrens.staywellsolutionsonline.com/Search/90,P02122

  Newborns may need special care in the newborn intensive care unit. A newborn may get medicine to help with alcohol withdrawal. […] The physical problems seen in FASD last throughout life. But programs can help improve a child’s development. Such programs may focus on improving a child’s behavior with early education and tutoring. Programs also help parents with parenting skills. Medicine may help a child’s attention problems or hyperactive behaviors. Over time, your child may get help from special education programs and social services. […] There is no cure for FASD. But getting help early can help improve a child’s behavior. Medicine may help a child’s attention difficulties or hyperactive behaviors. Families may also get help by learning parenting skills and having access to respite care.

• #43 Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) in Adults: Signs, Causes & Treatment

  https://www.therecoveryvillage.com/alcohol-abuse/side-effects/fetal-alcohol-syndrome-affects-adulthood/

  No cure for FAS is available, but the condition can be treated. […] Unfortunately, there is no cure for FAS. The syndrome is a permanent, irreversible condition; however, it can be treated. If a child is diagnosed with FAS, early intervention treatment may help their development. As a person gets older, treatments can be customized to the person’s needs and may include: […] Medications targeted at relieving some symptoms of FAS, like depression […] Therapy to help with both behavioral and educational goals […] Parent or caregiver training. […] In addition, counseling services are available for the parents or caregivers of children with FAS. If a mother continues to struggle with alcohol abuse after the child is born, rehabilitation services can help with addiction recovery.

• #44 How to Support Adults with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder

  https://inalliancepse.org/understanding-and-supporting-adults-with-fetal-alcohol-spectrum-disorder/

  Fortunately, there are ways that parents, friends, and family members can support individuals with a fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. […] There are some forms of treatment for fetal alcohol spectrum disorder in adults. This can include psychiatric medications targeted at relieving the symptoms of depression and anxiety. Professional therapy or counseling is also often prescribed to assist with both behavioral and educational goals. […] Still, parental and family support for adults with FASD is crucial. Most adults who have grown up with a fetal alcohol spectrum disorder will need some level of support throughout their entire lives, especially when it comes to managing money and maintaining a secure home environment.

• #45 Fetal Alcohol Syndrome In Adults: Symptoms, Treatment, & Support

  https://alpaswellnesscenters.org/alcoholism-rehab/fetal-alcohol-syndrome-adults/

  Fetal Alcohol Syndrome can have lasting effects well into adulthood. […] Adults with FAS have access to a variety of support services designed to address their unique needs and challenges: […] Therapeutic services: Specialized counseling and therapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), can help people manage mental health issues like anxiety and depression, as well as improve coping skills and emotional regulation. […] Educational and vocational support: Programs that offer job training, career counseling, and educational support can assist adults with FAS in developing skills necessary for employment and independent living. […] Social services: Case management and social services can help those affected navigate various aspects of daily life, including access to housing, financial assistance, and healthcare services.

• #46 Fetal Alcohol Syndrome In Adults: Symptoms, Treatment, & Support

  https://alpaswellnesscenters.org/alcoholism-rehab/fetal-alcohol-syndrome-adults/

  Support groups: Peer support groups provide a sense of community and understanding. […] Healthcare services: Regular medical care, including evaluations by specialists familiar with FAS, can help manage physical and mental health conditions. […] Skill-building programs: Programs designed to improve life skills, such as financial management, self-care, and organizational skills, can enhance a person’s ability to live independently and manage everyday tasks. […] Legal and advocacy services: Legal assistance and advocacy services can help those with FAS address issues related to disability benefits, discrimination, and legal rights, ensuring they receive appropriate support and protection. […] With the right support and interventions, many adults with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) can lead fulfilling and productive lives.

• #47 Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD): A call on mental health treatment professionals to become informed

  https://oatext.com/fetal-alcohol-spectrum-disorder-fasd-a-call-on-mental-health-treatment-professionals-to-become-informed.php

  Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) is a spectrum of life-long disorders caused by prenatal alcohol exposure. […] assistance from a qualified mental health professional is often required. […] long-term positive outcomes have been associated with early intervention and diagnosis provided by adequately trained mental health professionals. […] To maximize the possibility of treatment success, treatment plans should be individualized in a developmentally appropriate manner that considers the symptoms and difficulties of FASD. […] clients with FASD may benefit from the utilization of attachment-based approaches that emphasizes the development of life-skills, self-advocacy, social skills, sleep improvement, and behavioral regulation. […] Given the range of expertise such a treatment endeavor necessitates, mental health professionals may need to develop and coordinate a network of professionals that include those who work in health care, assisted living, financial management, psychotherapy, and case management.

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