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• #1 Fetal alcohol syndrome | Altru Health System

  https://www.altru.org/health-library/conditions/fetal-alcohol-syndrome

  Fetal alcohol syndrome is a condition in a child that results from alcohol exposure during the mother’s pregnancy. Drinking alcohol during pregnancy can cause the child to have disabilities related to behavior, learning and thinking, and physical development. The symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome vary from child to child but are lifelong. […] The severity of fetal alcohol syndrome symptoms varies. Some children have far greater problems than others do. Symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome may include any mix of issues with how the body develops; thinking, learning and behavior; and functioning and coping in daily life. […] How the body develops may include: Facial features that are typical of fetal alcohol syndrome. These may include small eyes, a very thin upper lip, a flat nose bridge, and a smooth skin surface between the nose and upper lip. Slow physical growth before and after birth. Delayed development, including taking longer to reach milestones, such as sitting, talking and walking. Vision or hearing problems. Smaller than average head and brain size. Changes with how the heart, kidneys and bones develop. Poor coordination or balance. Being jittery or hyperactive.

• #2 Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS): Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15677-fetal-alcohol-syndrome

  Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a condition that develops in a fetus when a pregnant woman drinks alcohol during pregnancy. A syndrome is a group of symptoms that happen together as the result of a particular disease or abnormal condition. When someone has fetal alcohol syndrome, theyre at the most severe end of what are known as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs). […] FAS is a life-long condition that cant be cured. This condition can be prevented if you dont drink any alcohol during pregnancy. Its possible that even small amounts of alcohol consumed during pregnancy can damage your developing fetus. […] The signs and symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome can vary. One person might have only a few, while another person could experience all of them. FAS includes mental and physical challenges. An individual with FAS may have noticeable changes to their face and limbs, as well as delays in the way their body develops over time. There can also be mental and emotional challenges throughout the persons life that can impact their social life, education and work.

• #3 About Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs) | Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs) | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/fasd/about/index.html

  Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) are a group of conditions that can occur in a person exposed to alcohol before birth. […] FASDs can have lifelong effects, including problems with behavior and learning as well as physical problems. […] A person with an FASD might have: Behavioral issues, Hyperactive behavior, Difficulty with attention, Poor reasoning and judgment skills. […] Learning challenges, Poor memory, Learning disabilities, Speech and language delays, Intellectual disability or low IQ, Difficulty in school (especially with math). […] Physical problems, Low body weight, Poor coordination, Problems with the heart, kidneys, or bones, Shorter-than-average height, Vision or hearing problems, Small head size, Sleep and sucking problems as a baby, Abnormal facial features, such as a smooth ridge between the nose and upper lip (this ridge is called the philtrum).

• #4 Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/fas.html

  Babies whose mothers drank alcohol during their pregnancy can be born with birth defects and developmental disabilities. The problems that can happen when babies are exposed to alcohol are grouped together and called fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs). These include a wide range of physical, behavioral, and learning problems. The most severe type of FASD is fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). […] Children with fetal alcohol syndrome have facial features such as small eyes, a thin upper lip, and a smooth philtrum (the groove between nose and upper lip). They also can have: […] Poor growth. Newborns may have low birth weights and small heads. They may not grow or gain weight as well as other children. […] Birth defects. FAS can cause heart, bone, and kidney problems. Vision problems and hearing loss are common.

• #5 Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS): Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15677-fetal-alcohol-syndrome

  Symptoms that infants with fetal alcohol syndrome could experience include: Abnormal facial features, including a smooth ridge between the nose and upper lip, a thin upper lip, and small eyes. Low body weight. Short height. Sleep and sucking difficulties. Small head size. Vision or hearing problems. […] Symptoms that may develop over time in people with fetal alcohol syndrome include: Delayed speech and language development. Difficulty concentrating and short attention span. Difficulty telling the difference between reality and fantasy. Hyperactivity. Learning disabilities. Low IQ. Poor coordination. Poor reasoning and judgment skills. Poor school performance. Poor short-term memory. […] Fetal alcohol syndrome isnt curable, and the symptoms will impact your child throughout life. However, early treatment of some symptoms can lessen the severity and improve your childs development.

• #6 Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: Signs and symptoms – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/fetal-alcohol-spectrum-disorder/symptoms.html

  Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder is often called a hidden disorder because the majority of people with it have no outward signs of disability. Their learning and behavioural challenges are often mistaken for other disorders or problems. […] A person with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder may: act impulsively, have difficulties handling money, learning how to tell time, keeping up with classroom learning, not understand consequences, be unfocused and easily distracted, forget how to do something they’ve done before. […] Someone with the disorder may also experience problems with their vision, kidneys, hearing, heart and bones. […] A small number of people are born with certain facial features because of the disorder. These features include a thin upper lip, small eyes or shorter distance between the eyes, little or no groove or ridge between the nose and upper lip.

• #7 Fetal Alcohol Syndrome | Pregnancy Advice

  https://patient.info/pregnancy/diet-and-lifestyle-during-pregnancy/fetal-alcohol-syndrome

  FAS has three classic groups of abnormality. […] Differences include the following facial features: A small head. The groove between the nose and lip is flattened. A thin upper lip. A flat bridge of the nose, which tends to be short and upturned. Drooping eyelids (ptosis). A 'railroad track’ shape to the outer part of the ears. Small eyes that are closer together. Skin folds of the upper eyelids (epicanthic folds). Clefts in the lip and/or palate can occur. […] Babies are small and grow up to be shorter than average. […] These happen because alcohol damages the brain as it forms. They include: Lower-than-average IQ (not always). Hyperactivity. Difficulty with paying attention. Memory problems. Difficulty with seeing the consequences of one’s own actions. Poor judgement. Impulsive behaviour and not being able to control impulses. Poor problem-solving skills. Difficulty understanding concepts such as time, money and maths. Difficulty getting on with other people, immature behaviour, aggressive behaviour. Speech and language delay. Problems with sucking and feeding for the newborn baby (and sometimes symptoms of alcohol withdrawal).

• #8 Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions—pediatrics/f/fetal-alcohol-spectrum-disorder-fasd.html

  FASD includes: […] This is the most severe effect of drinking during pregnancy. It may include fetal death. Babies born with FAS have abnormalities of the face. They also have growth and central nervous system (CNS) problems. This includes learning and mental disabilities. […] Babies or children with FASD may have: […] Slow fetal growth and low birth weight […] Alcohol withdrawal symptoms in newborns, such as high-pitched cry, jitteriness, and seizures […] Sleep and sucking problems in infancy […] Abnormalities of the face, such as small eyes and thin mouth […] Shorter height than other children of the same age […] Poor physical coordination […] Hyperactivity […] Learning or thinking problems or low IQ […] Speech or language delays […] Problems with daily living, reasoning, and judgment. […] The symptoms of FASD may look like other health conditions or problems. Make sure your child sees their healthcare provider for a diagnosis.

• #9 Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Causes, Symptoms & Diagnosis

  https://www.healthline.com/health/fetal-alcohol-syndrome

  FAS is a severe form of the condition. People with FAS may have problems with their vision, hearing, memory, attention span, and abilities to learn and communicate. While the defects vary from one person to another, the damage is often permanent. […] Since fetal alcohol syndrome covers a wide range of problems, there are many possible symptoms. The severity of these symptoms ranges from mild to severe, and can include: a small head, a smooth ridge between the upper lip and nose, small and wide-set eyes, a very thin upper lip, or other abnormal facial features, below average height and weight, hyperactivity, lack of focus, poor coordination, delayed development and problems in thinking, speech, movement, and social skills, poor judgment, problems seeing or hearing, learning disabilities, intellectual disability, heart problems, kidney defects and abnormalities, deformed limbs or fingers, mood swings.

• #10 Understanding Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders | National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)

  https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/understanding-fetal-alcohol-spectrum-disorders

  Individuals with FASD experience day-to-day challenges, which may include cognitive and behavioral impairments as well as secondary disabilities including medical, educational, mental health, and social challenges, throughout their life. […] People with FASD may have difficulty in the following areas: Learning and memory, Understanding and following directions, Switching attention between tasks, Controlling emotions and impulsivity, Communicating and developing social skills, Experiencing depression and anxiety, Performing daily life skills, including feeding, bathing, counting money, telling time, and minding personal safety.

• #11 Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) | CAMH

  https://www.camh.ca/en/health-info/mental-illness-and-addiction-index/fetal-alcohol-spectrum-disorder

  Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) is a lifelong disability that affects the brain and body of individuals who were exposed to alcohol in the womb. […] The signs and symptoms of FASD are most commonly broken down into primary and secondary disabilities. […] The primary disabilities of FASD are those that most directly reflect the underlying central nervous system damage caused by prenatal exposure to alcohol. This damage manifests in a range of difficulties with adaptive behaviour, attention, cognition, executive functioning and memory. As a result, individuals with FASD may have trouble with abstract reasoning, organization, planning, understanding or recalling a sequence of events, connecting cause and effect relationships, and/or regulating their own behaviours and emotions. […] Typical brain-based, primary disabilities of FASD include: inconsistent memory and recall, inability to filter out environmental or emotional distractions and sensory stimuli, slow and inconsistent cognitive and auditory processing, decreased mental stamina, difficulty interpreting and applying abstract concepts (for example, managing money and time), impulsivity and poor judgment, inability to predict outcomes (of their own or others’ actions), difficulty shifting from one context to another, resistance to change, inability to see another person’s perspective, and inability to recognize indirect social cues.

• #12 Fetal alcohol syndrome | Altru Health System

  https://www.altru.org/health-library/conditions/fetal-alcohol-syndrome

  Learning and thinking may include: Intellectual disability and learning disorders, including trouble with memory, learning new things, focusing and thinking. Not understanding the results of choices made. Poor judgment skills, such as having a hard time thinking through issues, problem-solving, reasoning and making decisions that affect everyday life. Short attention span that affects staying with a task and finishing. Poor concept of time, that impacts following schedules, knowing what time to leave in order to arrive on time and understanding how long a task will take. Trouble with organizing and planning or working toward a goal, including trouble understanding and following directions. […] Functioning in everyday life, coping and interacting with others may include: Challenges in school with attendance, learning, behavior and interacting with others. Trouble getting along with others, including struggling with communication and social skills. Trouble adapting to change or switching from one task to another. Issues with behavior and with controlling emotions and actions. Problems managing life skills, such as telling time, self care, managing money and staying safe. Being easily influenced by others or taken advantage of. Quickly changing moods.

• #13 Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS): Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15677-fetal-alcohol-syndrome

  There is no cure for fetal alcohol syndrome. Children born with this syndrome experience the symptoms throughout their entire lives. Some symptoms can be managed with treatment by a healthcare provider, but they wont go away. […] Fetal alcohol syndrome never goes away. The symptoms of this condition will be with the person throughout their entire life. Over time, a number of secondary effects can happen in people with FAS, particularly in those who arent treated for the condition in childhood. These are called secondary effects because theyre not part of FAS itself. Instead, these secondary effects happen as a result of having FAS. Possible secondary effects of FAS that people may experience into adulthood can include: Experiencing mental health problems. Getting into trouble in school or with the law. Spending time in a mental-health facility, a substance abuse treatment center or jail. Acting out in sexually inappropriate ways. Having difficulty living on ones own. Experiencing unemployment or difficulty keeping a job. Receiving treatment as soon as possible in childhood can help decrease the likelihood of developing these secondary effects in life.

• #14 Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD): Symptoms & Treatment | Tommy’sCloseleft-arrowleft-arrowleft-arrowleft-arrowleft-arrowleft-arrowCloseReconfirm cookies choice

  https://www.tommys.org/pregnancy-information/im-pregnant/alcohol-in-pregnancy/fetal-alcohol-spectrum-disorder

  Problems with mental (cognitive) and physical development may become clearer later. These include: issues with sleep and feeding; problems with hearing and vision; problems with kidneys, heart or other organs; learning difficulties, such as problems with thinking, speech or memory; problems with balance and coordination; issues with managing emotions and developing social skills; mood, attention or behavioural problems; problems with the joints, muscles or bones; poor growth – they may grow slowly as they get older and be shorter than average as an adult. […] If FASD is diagnosed you will be given educational and behavioural strategies to meet your child’s needs and help them cope better.

• #15 Signs & Symptoms Of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)

  https://specialolympicsarizona.org/fetal-alcohol-syndrome-symptoms/

  Some neurological issues may be recognizable early in children with fetal alcohol syndrome, while others may develop and become more recognizable over time. These symptoms may include: Learning problems include delayed speech and language development, difficulty concentrating, a short attention span, and hyperactivity. Coordination and balance problems. Difficulty reasoning and telling the difference between reality and fantasy. Poor short-term memory. Poor judgment skills. Low intelligence quotient. Rapidly changing moods. […] Symptoms and signs of fetal alcohol syndrome in infants may include: Abnormal facial features, such as a smooth ridge between the nose and upper lip and small eyes. A low body weight. Short height. Difficulties sleeping. Difficulties sucking and feeding. A small head size. Vision or hearing problems.

• #16 Caring for a Child Affected by Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) – Grandfamilies & Kinship Support Network

  https://www.gksnetwork.org/resources/caring-for-a-child-impacted-by-fetal-alcohol-spectrum-disorder-fasd/

  FASD can be hard to recognize because there is no single test for it. […] Some of the signs and symptoms of FASD that you may see in the child in your care are listed below. […] Health Effects MAY Include Any of the Following: Prematurity or Failure to Thrive babies may have difficulty gaining and maintaining weight […] Difficulties with sucking (feeding) as a baby […] May have distinctive facial features, such as small lips or a smooth ridge between the nose and upper lip […] Low muscle tone and poor coordination […] Sleep disturbances may have a hard time going to sleep and wake frequently […] Excessive crying/irritability babies may be difficult to soothe and comfort […] Vision or hearing problems and/or problems with the heart, kidneys, or bones. […] Developmental Effects MAY Include Any of the Following: Shorter than average height, small head size

• #17 Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) | Children’s of Alabama

  https://www.childrensal.org/fetal-alcohol-spectrum-disorder-fasd

  FASD stands for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders. This is not a diagnostic term, but is an umbrella term that encompasses all disabilities caused by prenatal exposure to alcohol. There are five diagnoses under the FASD umbrella: […] Babies diagnosed with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) have the following physiological characteristics: Small birth weight, Small head circumference, Small eye openings, Smooth, wide philtrum, Thin upper lip. […] Most infants with FASD are irritable, have trouble eating and sleeping, are sensitive to sensory stimulation, and have a strong startle reflex. They may hyperextend their heads or limbs with hypertonia (too much muscle tone) or hypotonia (too little muscle tone) or both. Some infants may have heart defects or suffer anomalies of the ears, eyes, liver, or joints.

• #18 Section Introduction > The Provider’s Role in Detecting Subtle FASDs

  https://www.txhealthsteps.com/static/courses/fasd/sections/section-2-1.html

  Symptoms in school-age children may include: Behavior issues, Blaming others for problems, Difficulty with attention, Difficulty with social cognition (perceiving and interpreting interpersonal information), Socially isolated and emotionally disconnected, High need for stimulation, Hyperactive behavior, Poor reasoning and judgment skills. […] Academic challenges (worsen with time), Problems learning math, Difficulty with new information and applying learning to new settings, Intellectual disability or low IQ, Learning disabilities, Poor memory. […] Social difficulties, Immature for age, Poor receptive language skills, Not always connecting cause and effect, Possible fascination with knives and/or fire, Vivid fantasies and perseveration (inappropriate repetition of a thought or action), Volatility, with impulse control problems and impaired reasoning, Vulnerability to peer pressure/influence and high levels of suggestibility.

• #19 Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/fas.html

  Seizures and other neurologic problems, such as learning disabilities, and poor balance and coordination. […] Delayed development. Kids may not reach milestones at the expected time. […] Behavioral problems. Babies may be fussy or jittery, and have trouble sleeping. Older children and teens may have: a lack of coordination and poor fine-motor skills, trouble getting along with friends and relating to others, learning problems (especially in math), poor memory, and poor problem-solving skills, behavior problems such as hyperactivity, poor attention and concentration, and impulsiveness. […] Children with other FASDs have many of the same problems, but usually to a lesser degree.

• #20 Common behaviours and features of children with FASD of kids with FASD – NOFASD Australia

  https://www.nofasd.org.au/parents-caregivers-family/understanding-fasd/common-behaviours-and-features-children-with-fasd/

  Challenges can be decreased if parents/carers are able to recognise these characteristics and accept them as symptoms that are the result of damage to the brain by alcohol exposure in utero. These may include the following, but can vary from child to child: learning difficulties (dont seem to be learning as well as other children) […] cognitive processing deficits thinking which is slowed (may only pick up some pieces of the information or instruction) […] impulsiveness (acting without thinking) […] disorganised and easily distracted […] ability to repeat instructions, but inability to put them into action (talk the talk) […] inability to predict outcomes or understand consequences (dont learn from mistakes) […] difficulty with social relationships (have trouble making and keeping friends)

• #20 Common behaviours and features of children with FASD of kids with FASD – NOFASD Australia

  https://www.nofasd.org.au/parents-caregivers-family/understanding-fasd/common-behaviours-and-features-children-with-fasd/

  attention/hyperactivity (may have been diagnosed with ADHD) […] inconsistent performance and memory (know or can do something one day but seem to forget it the next) […] developmental delays (brain development is younger than chronological age and they most likely will not reach developmental milestones on time) […] difficulty with abstract thinking mathematics, money, time […] perseveration (getting stuck in a thought pattern or an action and find it difficult to move on) […] explosive behaviour or running away (fight or flight response to their environment) […] inappropriate sexual behaviour. The maturity and development of children with FASD can be uneven and confusing. Strong abilities in certain areas, such as expressive language (the way they talk), can hide impairment in other areas. For example, a young person of 18 may speak as well as a 20-year-old but only have the understanding and emotional maturity of a six-year-old. Caregivers are encouraged to always think younger when assessing their childs abilities and to accept their immaturity in certain areas as a symptom of FASD.

• #21 Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) | CAMH

  https://www.camh.ca/en/health-info/mental-illness-and-addiction-index/fetal-alcohol-spectrum-disorder

  Another common characteristic of individuals diagnosed with FASD is dysmaturity. Dysmaturity is a term used to refer to widely varying levels of maturity in different areas of development, such as expressive language and language comprehension, social and self-care skills, and awareness and regulation of emotions. […] Individuals with FASD can also have permanent vision and hearing problems; poorly developed bones, limbs and fingers; and damage to the heart, kidney, liver and other organs. […] Secondary disabilities are those not present at birth, but occur later in life as a result of the primary disabilities associated with FASD. They include: mental health problems, disrupted school experience (suspension, expulsion, and/or drop-out), involvement with the law (trouble with authorities, charged and/or convicted of a crime), confinement (inpatient treatment for mental health and/or alcohol/drug problems, or incarceration for crime), alcohol and/or drug problems, poor academic achievement and school failure, sexually deviant behaviour, problems with employment, and dependent living. […] When combined with individuals primary disabilities, these secondary disabilities increase the complexity of care, and result in significant social and economic costs to society.

• #22 Signs & Symptoms Of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)

  https://specialolympicsarizona.org/fetal-alcohol-syndrome-symptoms/

  Many physical signs of fetal alcohol syndrome will be noticeable in childhood and persist into adulthood, but they may be less distinctive in adults than the symptoms are in children. The common physical signs of fetal alcohol syndrome in adults include: Small head size and a reduced brain size. A small stature. […] Adults with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders may have some recognizable facial features, including: Small eyes. An extremely thin upper lip. A short, upturned nose. A smooth skin surface in between the nose and upper lip. […] 90% of adults with fetal alcohol syndrome will experience some form of mental health difficulty in their adult lives. These issues include: Attention, distraction, learning, and memory issues. Difficulties with making decisions and planning. Externalizing problems, especially displaying signs of anger and aggression. Internalizing problems, especially issues with anxiety, social anxiety, and OCD-behaviors. 44% of adults with FAS struggle with depression. 40% of adults with FAS have psychotic symptoms. 20% of adults with FAS have anxiety. 20% of adults with FAS have bipolar disorder.

• #23 Treatment of FASDs | Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs) | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/fasd/treatment/index.html

  Children with FASDs can have impairments in learning, memory, behavior, social interactions, or combinations of these impairments. Some children have poor growth, including reduced head size. Some children with FASDs have minor facial features that reflect problems in brain growth before birth. These symptoms and features can range from mild to severe. […] There is no cure for FASDs, but research shows that early intervention treatment services can improve a child’s development. Early intervention services help children from birth to 3 years of age (36 months) learn important skills. Services include therapy to help the child talk, walk, and interact with others. […] A child who is diagnosed at a young age can be placed in appropriate educational classes. Early diagnosis can also help the child and family get needed social services. Early diagnosis also helps families and school staff to understand why the child might act or react differently from other children sometimes.

• #24 Treatment of FASDs | Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs) | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/fasd/treatment/index.html

  Children who receive special education geared towards their specific needs and learning style are more likely to reach their full potential. Children with FASDs have a wide range of learning needs and behavior challenges that might need to be addressed. […] Children with FASDs can be more sensitive than other children to disruptions, changes in lifestyle or routines, and harmful relationships. Therefore, having a loving, stable home life is very important for a child with an FASD. […] People with FASDs who live in stable, non-abusive households or who do not become involved in youth violence are much less likely to develop secondary conditions than children who have been exposed to violence in their lives.

• #25 Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD): Symptoms & Treatment | Tommy’sCloseleft-arrowleft-arrowleft-arrowleft-arrowleft-arrowleft-arrowCloseReconfirm cookies choice

  https://www.tommys.org/pregnancy-information/im-pregnant/alcohol-in-pregnancy/fetal-alcohol-spectrum-disorder

  Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is the term used for a wide range (spectrum) of behavioural, developmental and physical problems in babies. FASD can happen when alcohol in the mother or birthing parent blood passes to the baby through the placenta. […] The damage caused by alcohol cannot be reversed or cured. But health professionals can support people to live well with FASD. […] FASD can be avoided by not drinking alcohol during pregnancy. […] Whether FASD symptoms are mild or severe depends on how much, and how often, a person drinks throughout their pregnancy. The larger the amount of alcohol consumed, the more severe symptoms often are. […] A baby with FASD does not always show symptoms when they’re born, but physical signs may include: distinctive facial features, such as small eyes, a thin upper lip, and a smooth area between the nose and upper lip; a head that is smaller than average (microcephaly); a cleft palate or lip; abnormally developed fingers or toes.

• #26 About Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs) | Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs) | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/fasd/about/index.html

  Diagnosing FASDs can be hard because there is no medical test, like a blood test, for these conditions. […] To diagnose FASDs, healthcare providers look for: Prenatal alcohol exposure, although confirmation is not required for diagnosis, Central nervous system problems (e.g., small head size, problems with attention and hyperactivity, poor coordination), Lower-than-average height, weight, or both, Abnormal facial features (e.g., smooth ridge between nose and upper lip).

• #27 Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder: Common Signs and Symptoms — Catch Collaborative Therapy for Children

  https://www.catchpsychotherapy.org/allposts/2018/12/12/fetal-alcohol-spectrum-disorder-common-signs-amp-symptoms

  As a consequence, the children struggle with poor self-esteem, depression, and anxiety, and are at high risk of developing secondary mental health and social disabilities such as depression and substance abuse, school failure, unemployment, homelessness, and incarceration. […] Presently, the diagnosis of FASD requires a multidisciplinary assessment team including a physician, psychologist, occupational therapist and speech-language pathologist. […] Examples of typical problems in functioning and behaviours include: Mastering a new skill one day but not remembering it the following day. […] Forgetting established rules and routines. […] Making intrusive or unwelcome comments or gestures. […] Impulsive shouting, running, grabbing, or poking. […] Lack of insight about behaviour and intentions.

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