Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Toxic hepatitis

  https://www.mymlc.com/health-information/diseases-and-conditions/t/toxic-hepatitis/?section=Causes

  Toxic hepatitis is an inflammation of your liver in reaction to certain substances to which you’re exposed. Toxic hepatitis can be caused by alcohol, chemicals, drugs or nutritional supplements. […] In some cases, toxic hepatitis develops within hours or days of exposure to a toxin. In other cases, it may take months of regular use before signs and symptoms appear. […] The symptoms of toxic hepatitis often go away when exposure to the toxin stops. But toxic hepatitis can permanently damage your liver, leading to irreversible scarring of liver tissue (cirrhosis) and in some cases to liver failure, which can be life-threatening. […] Mild forms of toxic hepatitis may not cause any symptoms and may be detected only by blood tests. When signs and symptoms of toxic hepatitis occur, they may include: Yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes (jaundice), Itching, Abdominal pain in the upper right portion of the abdomen, Fatigue, Loss of appetite, Nausea and vomiting, Rash, Fever, Weight loss, Dark or tea-colored urine.

• #2

  https://www.kuh.ku.edu.tr/mayo-clinic-care-network/mayo-clinic-health-information-library/diseases-conditions/toxic-hepatitis

  Toxic hepatitis is an inflammation of your liver in reaction to certain substances to which you’re exposed. Toxic hepatitis can be caused by alcohol, chemicals, drugs or nutritional supplements. […] In some cases, toxic hepatitis develops within hours or days of exposure to a toxin. In other cases, it may take months of regular use before signs and symptoms appear. […] The symptoms of toxic hepatitis often go away when exposure to the toxin stops. But toxic hepatitis can permanently damage your liver, leading to irreversible scarring of liver tissue (cirrhosis) and in some cases to liver failure, which can be life-threatening. […] When signs and symptoms of toxic hepatitis occur, they may include: Yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes (jaundice), Itching, Abdominal pain in the upper right portion of the abdomen, Fatigue, Loss of appetite, Nausea and vomiting, Rash, Fever, Weight loss, Dark or tea-colored urine.

• #3 Toxic hepatitis | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/toxic-hepatitis

  Toxic hepatitis is an inflammation of your liver in reaction to certain substances to which you’re exposed. In some cases, toxic hepatitis develops within hours or days of exposure to a toxin. In other cases, it may take months of regular use before signs and symptoms appear. […] The symptoms of toxic hepatitis often go away when exposure to the toxin stops. But toxic hepatitis can permanently damage your liver, leading to irreversible scarring of liver tissue (cirrhosis) and in some cases to liver failure, which can be life-threatening. […] Mild forms of toxic hepatitis may not cause any symptoms and may be detected only by blood tests. When signs and symptoms of toxic hepatitis occur, they may include: Yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes (jaundice), Itching, Abdominal pain in the upper right portion of the abdomen, Fatigue, Loss of appetite, Nausea and vomiting, Rash, Fever, Weight loss, Dark or tea-colored urine.

• #4 Hepatotoxicity Symptoms: Signs and Treatment – Bimaristan

  https://bi-maristan.com/en/general-surgery/liver-pancreas-gallbladder-tracts/hepatotoxicity-symptoms/

  Mild forms of toxic hepatitis may not cause any symptoms and may only be detected through blood tests. When signs and symptoms of toxic hepatitis appear, they may include […] The incidence of toxic hepatitis is about 8 per 10,000 people worldwide, and hepatotoxicity symptoms are especially pronounced in women. […] Hepatotoxicity symptoms appear in the last stages of liver disease and range from mild to severe.

• #5 Toxic Hepatitis | Health & Human Services

  https://hhs.iowa.gov/epi-manual-guide-surveillance-investigation-and-reporting/environmental-disease/toxic-hepatitis

  Toxic hepatitis is any acute or sub-acute necrosis of the liver or other unspecified chemical hepatitis caused by exposure to non-medicinal toxic agents other than ethyl alcohol, including, but not limited to, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, tetrachloroethane, trichloroethylene, phosphorus, TNT, chloronapthalenes, methylenedianilines, ethylene dibromide, and organic solvents. […] Clinically, toxic hepatitis can resemble any form of acute or chronic liver disease, such as viral hepatitis or bile-duct obstruction. Symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, fever, jaundice, enlarged liver and right upper quadrant abdominal tenderness are often identical to viral hepatitis. Elevated liver enzymes, other liver blood tests, and liver biopsy findings may also be identical to viral hepatities. Liver function tests are often used in occupational medicine surveillance programs for people who are exposed to toxic chemicals in the workplace. In chronic exposure cases, the first signs or symptoms may be a progressive elevation of liver function tests.

• #6 Toxic hepatitis // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/toxic-hepatitis

  Toxic hepatitis is an inflammation of your liver in reaction to certain substances to which you’re exposed. […] In some cases, toxic hepatitis develops within hours or days of exposure to a toxin. In other cases, it may take months of regular use before signs and symptoms appear. […] The symptoms of toxic hepatitis often go away when exposure to the toxin stops. But toxic hepatitis can permanently damage your liver, leading to irreversible scarring of liver tissue (cirrhosis) and in some cases to liver failure, which can be life-threatening. […] When signs and symptoms of toxic hepatitis occur, they may include: Yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes (jaundice), Itching, Abdominal pain in the upper right portion of the abdomen, Fatigue, Loss of appetite, Nausea and vomiting, Rash, Fever, Weight loss, Dark or tea-colored urine.

• #7 Toxic Hepatitis | UCSF Department of Surgery

  https://hpbsurgery.ucsf.edu/condition/toxic-hepatitis

  Signs and symptoms of toxic hepatitis vary, depending on the cause. However, some of the more common include: Jaundice, a condition that causes a yellow tint in the skin and eyes […] Fatigue […] Loss of appetite […] Nausea and vomiting […] Headache […] Abdominal pain […] Dark urine […] Diarrhea […] White or clay-colored stools. In making a diagnosis of toxic hepatitis, your doctor will ask about your medical history, including detailed information regarding your medications, use of herbs or other over-the-counter nutritional supplements and alcohol consumption. Your doctor also will carry out a thorough physical exam, which can be helpful in determining the presence or absence of significant chronic liver disease.

• #8 Alcoholic hepatitis – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/alcoholic-hepatitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351388

  The most common sign of alcoholic hepatitis is yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes, called jaundice. The yellowing of the skin might be harder to see on Black and brown people. […] Other symptoms include: Loss of appetite. Nausea and vomiting. Belly tenderness. Fever, often low grade. Tiredness and weakness. […] Other symptoms that happen with severe alcoholic hepatitis include: Fluid buildup in the belly, called ascites. Being confused and acting oddly due to a buildup of toxins. The healthy liver breaks these toxins down and gets rid of them. Kidney and liver failure. […] Alcoholic hepatitis is a serious, often deadly disease.

• #9 Drug induced liver injury (DILI) – British Liver Trust

  https://britishlivertrust.org.uk/information-and-support/liver-conditions/dili/

  Drug induced liver injury symptoms range from nothing (asymptomatic) to very severe and are like the symptoms of other liver conditions. […] The symptoms of drug induced liver injury are very like the symptoms of some other liver conditions. For some people the symptoms will be very mild, others may feel very unwell. Some people will have no symptoms and liver damage may only be found when you have blood tests or a scan for something else. […] If there are symptoms, these usually start within a few days or weeks of starting a new medicine. […] Some of the most common symptoms of drug induced liver injury are: Tiredness or fatigue, Loss of appetite, Developing a yellow colour to your skin or eyes (jaundice), Itching, Pain on the right-hand side of your body under your ribs (right upper quadrant or RUQ pain), Feeling sick (nausea), A skin rash.

• #10 Toxic Hepatitis | Conditions | UCSF Health

  https://www.ucsfhealth.org/conditions/toxic-hepatitis

  Signs and symptoms of toxic hepatitis vary, depending on the cause. However, some of the more common include: […] Jaundice, a condition that causes a yellow tint in the skin and eyes […] Fatigue […] Loss of appetite […] Nausea and vomiting […] Headache […] Abdominal pain […] Dark urine […] Diarrhea […] White or clay-colored stools. […] Toxic hepatitis can lead to severe liver damage or failure. In these cases, a liver transplant may be necessary.

• #11 Toxic Hepatitis | Liver Canada

  https://liver.ca/toxic-hepatitis/

  Toxic hepatitis is a liver disease resulting in inflammation of the liver due to exposure to toxic substances. […] Toxic hepatitis is a form of liver disease caused by exposure to toxic substances. It occurs when the liver becomes inflamed due to the exposure to alcohol, drugs, chemicals, or toxins in the environment. […] Common symptoms of toxic hepatitis include: Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes), Fatigue, Loss of appetite, Abdominal pain, Nausea and vomiting, Enlarged liver, Dark urine, Pale stools. […] Since the liver has the unique ability to regenerate, if exposure to toxic substances is done in early stages, toxic hepatitis can be resolved naturally. If exposure is not stopped, this can lead to permanent liver damage and potentially liver failure which is life-threatening.

• #12 HIV and Hepatotoxicity | NIH

  https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-and-hepatotoxicity

  Symptoms of hepatotoxicity can include rash, stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, dark-colored urine, diarrhea, light-colored stools, jaundice, itching, loss of appetite, and fever. […] Symptoms of hepatotoxicity include the following: Rash, Stomach pain, Nausea and vomiting, Fatigue, Dark-colored urine, Diarrhea, Light-colored bowel movements, Jaundice (yellow skin and eyes), Itching, Loss of appetite, Fever. […] People taking HIV medicines that may cause hepatotoxicity should know about these symptoms. In some cases, hepatotoxicity can be life-threatening. If you have any of these symptoms, contact your health care provider immediately.

• #13

  https://www.amerikanhastanesi.org/mayo-clinic-care-network/mayo-clinic-health-information-library/diseases-conditions/toxic-hepatitis

  Toxic hepatitis is an inflammation of your liver in reaction to certain substances to which you’re exposed. Toxic hepatitis can be caused by alcohol, chemicals, drugs or nutritional supplements. […] In some cases, toxic hepatitis develops within hours or days of exposure to a toxin. In other cases, it may take months of regular use before signs and symptoms appear. […] The symptoms of toxic hepatitis often go away when exposure to the toxin stops. But toxic hepatitis can permanently damage your liver, leading to irreversible scarring of liver tissue (cirrhosis) and in some cases to liver failure, which can be life-threatening. […] Mild forms of toxic hepatitis may not cause any symptoms and may be detected only by blood tests. When signs and symptoms of toxic hepatitis occur, they may include: Yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes (jaundice), Itching, Abdominal pain in the upper right portion of the abdomen, Fatigue, Loss of appetite, Nausea and vomiting, Rash, Fever, Weight loss, Dark or tea-colored urine.

• #14 Drugs and Chemicals That Cause Toxic Liver Disease

  https://www.webmd.com/fatty-liver-disease/toxic-liver-disease

  Toxic liver disease, or drug-induced liver injury (DILI), is damage to your liver. Its also called hepatotoxicity or toxic hepatitis. It can cause serious symptoms or liver damage if you dont get help. […] Toxic liver disease may be mild or severe. If it goes on for a while, it could cause permanent liver scarring or cirrhosis. This can lead to liver failure or even death. In some severe cases, as with acetaminophen, even short-term use of too much can be enough to cause liver failure. […] You may notice: Fever, Diarrhea, Dark-colored urine, Itching, Jaundice, or yellowish eyes and skin, Headaches, No appetite, Nausea, Pain in your stomach, Vomiting, Weight loss, White or gray stool. Symptoms may crop up hours after you come in contact with the cause. You may also feel slowly worse over days or weeks of regular exposure.

• #15

  https://www.painscale.com/article/what-is-toxic-hepatitis

  Toxic hepatitis is inflammation of the liver caused by exposure to certain substances, such as drugs, chemicals or alcohol. […] Although eliminating exposure to the substance generally stops the inflammation, toxic hepatitis can lead to cirrhosis (severe scarring of the liver), liver failure, or even death. […] The signs and symptoms of toxic hepatitis include the following: Fever, Dark-colored urine, Itching or rash, Fatigue, Jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes), Headaches, Loss of appetite, Pain or swelling in the upper-right part of the abdomen, Nausea or vomiting, Weight loss, White or gray stool, Diarrhea. […] These signs and symptoms may appear within hours or days of exposure to the substance, or it may take weeks or months of continued exposure for symptoms to develop. […] Toxic hepatitis can lead to cirrhosis (severe scarring of the liver), liver failure, or even death.

• #16 What Is Toxic Hepatitis?

  https://www.icliniq.com/articles/liver-diseases/toxic-hepatitis

  Toxic hepatitis is the inflammatory damage that occurs in the liver due to chemicals, drugs, supplements, and alcohol. […] The common symptoms associated with toxic hepatitis are the following. Nausea. Loss of appetite. Vomiting. Itching. Fever. Fatigue. Weight loss. Abdominal pain. Yellow discoloration of skin and eyes (jaundice). Headaches. Gray or white stool. Diarrhea. Dark-colored urine. Skin rashes. […] In some individuals, the onset of symptoms may take weeks or even months after exposure to toxic chemicals or drugs. The severity of symptoms depends on the nature of the toxic substance that the body is exposed to and the tissue response. […] Toxic hepatitis results from the inflammatory changes in the liver cells when exposed to toxic chemicals. These hepatotoxic chemicals include certain drugs, industrial chemicals, organic solvents, alcohol, herbal medicines, and vitamin supplements. Hepatotoxicity induced by harmful chemicals results in liver cell damage and liver failure. Therefore, early identification and removal of the causative agents are essential in preventing the progression of liver damage and improving patient condition.

• #17 Drug-induced liver injury – UF Health

  https://ufhealth.org/conditions-and-treatments/drug-induced-liver-injury

  Symptoms may include: Abdominal pain, Dark urine, Diarrhea, Fatigue, Fever, Headache, Jaundice, Loss of appetite, Nausea and vomiting, Rash, White or clay-colored stools […] Drug-induced liver injury most often goes away within days or weeks after you stop taking the drug that caused it. […] Rarely, drug-induced liver injury can lead to liver failure.

• #18 Toxic Hepatitis (Liver Toxicity): Symptoms, Causes & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17915-toxic-hepatitis

  Toxic hepatitis, or liver toxicity, is liver swelling (inflammation) that results from contact with a harmful substance (toxin), whether you: […] Liver inflammation can also occur if you take too much of certain medications or drink too much alcohol. Over time, inflammation causes permanent liver damage. […] Symptoms occur immediately or shortly after exposure to a toxic substance. […] You may not have any hepatitis symptoms for weeks or months. […] Yellow skin or eyes (jaundice) is a common sign of liver disease. Other liver toxicity symptoms may include: […] You may also experience toxic hepatitis rash. If you have this skin rash, small purple dots or splotchy areas appear. You may also have pruritus (itchy skin). […] Symptoms may develop soon after exposure, or they may develop over weeks or months.

• #19 Toxic Hepatitis | Health & Human Services

  https://hhs.iowa.gov/epi-manual-guide-surveillance-investigation-and-reporting/environmental-disease/toxic-hepatitis

  Diagnosis of toxic hepatitis caused by chemical exposure requires a thorough assessment of the patient, including clinical signs and symptoms, laboratory testing, an exposure history, and possible liver imaging and biopsy. Some of these tests are used to rule out other types of hepatitis. The medical provider must pay close attention to the environmental and occupational exposures to chemicals of each patient as well as all drugs used (prescribed or over the counter ones, including herbal remedies). Some forms of chemical liver injury will occur within hours, days, or weeks of exposure; however, sometimes it takes months of regular exposure to a chemical or ingestion of a drug before liver injury becomes apparent. […] Liver inflammation usually subsides within days or weeks after exposure to the chemical or drug is stopped. In severe cases, liver failure can occur. The overall mortality rate for drug-induced liver injury is around 5 percent.

• #20 Toxic Hepatitis | Symptoms & Causes | Freedmans Health

  https://freedmanshealth.org/disease-conditions/symptoms-causes/toxic-hepatitis/

  Acute toxic hepatitis: This type develops suddenly. Symptoms occur immediately or shortly after exposure to a toxic substance. […] Chronic toxic hepatitis: This type may take longer to develop. You may not have any hepatitis symptoms for weeks or months.

• #21

  https://www.painscale.com/article/progression-and-potential-complications-of-toxic-hepatitis

  Toxic drug-induced hepatitis is often acute, meaning that it develops quickly and resolves quickly, typically within days or weeks after consumption of the drug has ended. […] Toxic alcohol-induced hepatitis typically develops gradually with repeated, excessive consumption of alcohol. However, severe alcoholic hepatitis can develop suddenly and complications can occur within a short amount of time. […] Most toxic hepatitis complications are related to scar tissue that forms in the liver. This scar tissue can cause a buildup of toxins in the liver and also affect blood flow. Potential complications of toxic hepatitis include cirrhosis, liver cancer, enlarged veins, ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, and liver failure. […] Early identification of toxic hepatitis and ending exposure to the toxin that caused the condition are essential to prevent the development of serious complications.

• #22

  https://www.aurorahealthcare.org/services/gastroenterology-colorectal-surgery/non-viral-hepatitis

  Symptoms of toxic hepatitis can appear within hours, days or months of exposure and may include: […] An overdose of acetaminophen (such as Tylenol) can cause liver failure or even death so seek medical help right away if you think you or someone you know took too much acetaminophen. This causes nausea, sweating, vomiting, pain in your upper abdomen or coma. […] Treatment for toxic hepatitis may include: […] To treat your hepatitis symptoms, your doctor may prescribe a drug (corticosteroid) to reduce liver inflammation, or you may need to be treated in a hospital.

• #23 Liver Damage From Medication—Early Signs and Drug Types

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/drug-induced-liver-disease-1943023

  Symptoms of drug-induced liver damage from medication. Symptoms of drug-induced liver damage from medication. Paying close attention to the symptoms in your body is one way to know if your liver is damaged from medicine. The early signs of liver damage or injury from medications may include: Stomach pain, Fever, Diarrhea, Dark urine, Jaundice, a condition that occurs when a substance called bilirubin builds up in the blood and causes the skin and whites of the eyes to appear yellow, Nausea and vomiting, Severe fatigue or sleepiness, Rash, White-colored stools. […] This depends on several factors, including the drug involved and a persons individual health situation. In general, the symptoms of liver damage from medication can show up between five days and three months after you start taking a drug. […] Symptoms of liver damage will vary from person to person. They may show up soon after you start taking a medication, but not always. Liver damage from medications may take months or years to become apparent.

• #24 Overview of Acute Viral Hepatitis – Hepatic and Biliary Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/hepatic-and-biliary-disorders/hepatitis/overview-of-acute-viral-hepatitis

  Some manifestations of acute hepatitis are virus-specific and some patients are asymptomatic, but in general, acute infection tends to develop in predictable phases: […] In the prodromal (pre-icteric) phase, nonspecific symptoms occur; they include profound anorexia, malaise, nausea and vomiting, a newly developed distaste for cigarettes (in smokers), and often fever or right upper quadrant abdominal pain. […] After 3 to 10 days, the urine darkens, followed by jaundice. Systemic symptoms often regress, and patients feel better despite worsening jaundice. […] During this 2- to 4-week period, jaundice fades. […] Acute viral hepatitis usually resolves spontaneously 4 to 8 weeks after symptom onset. […] Anicteric hepatitis (hepatitis without jaundice) occurs more often than icteric hepatitis in patients with HCV infection and in children with HAV infection.

• #25 Hepatitis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis

  Hepatitis has a broad spectrum of presentations that range from a complete lack of symptoms to severe liver failure. […] The acute form of hepatitis, generally caused by viral infection, is characterized by constitutional symptoms that are typically self-limiting. […] Chronic hepatitis presents similarly, but can manifest signs and symptoms specific to liver dysfunction with long-standing inflammation and damage to the organ. […] Acute viral hepatitis follows three distinct phases: The initial prodromal phase (preceding symptoms) involves non-specific and flu-like symptoms common to many acute viral infections. These include fatigue, nausea, vomiting, poor appetite, joint pain, and headaches. […] Yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes follow the prodrome after about 12 weeks and can last for up to 4 weeks.

• #26 Hepatitis | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/h/hepatitis.html

  The symptoms of hepatitis can range from relatively mild to loss of life. Before symptoms of illness begin, a person may have a severe loss of appetite. A distaste for cigarettes is also an early sign. The patient may also experience a general feeling of being unwell, nausea, vomiting and often fever. Sometimes, especially in hepatitis B, hives and joint pain may occur. […] After three to 10 days, the urine darkens, and a yellowish color develops in the skin. Some body fluids, such as bile, build up as a result of getting in the way of the work of the liver. The liver is usually larger than usual and tender, and in 15 to 20% of patients, the spleen is also larger than normal. Then symptoms begin to improve and the person feels better, even as the jaundice gets worse. Jaundice usually reaches its worst in one to two weeks. It then fades over the next two to four weeks.

• #27 Hepatitis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis

  The recovery phase is characterized by resolution of the clinical symptoms of hepatitis with persistent elevations in liver lab values and potentially a persistently enlarged liver. […] Occasionally, however, acute hepatitis can cause liver failure. Liver failure can be life threatening and may lead to a coma or even death. […] Chronic hepatitis is often asymptomatic early in its course and is detected only by liver laboratory studies for screening purposes or to evaluate non-specific symptoms. […] As the inflammation progresses, patients can develop constitutional symptoms similar to acute hepatitis, including fatigue, nausea, vomiting, poor appetite, and joint pain. […] Jaundice can occur as well, but much later in the disease process and is typically a sign of advanced disease. […] Extensive damage and scarring of the liver over time defines cirrhosis, a condition in which the liver’s ability to function is permanently impeded. […] This results in jaundice, weight loss, coagulopathy, ascites (abdominal fluid collection), and peripheral edema (leg swelling). […] Cirrhosis can lead to other life-threatening complications such as hepatic encephalopathy, esophageal varices, hepatorenal syndrome, and liver cancer.

• #28

  https://www.amerikanhastanesi.org/mayo-clinic-care-network/mayo-clinic-health-information-library/diseases-conditions/toxic-hepatitis

  The inflammation associated with toxic hepatitis can lead to liver damage and scarring. Over time, this scarring, called cirrhosis, makes it difficult for your liver to do its job. Eventually cirrhosis leads to liver failure. […] In most cases, stopping exposure to the toxin causing liver inflammation will reduce the signs and symptoms you experience. […] When liver function is severely impaired, a liver transplant may be the only option for some people.

• #29 Overview of Chronic Hepatitis – Liver and Gallbladder Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/liver-and-gallbladder-disorders/hepatitis/overview-of-chronic-hepatitis

  Chronic hepatitis often causes general symptoms, such as a vague feeling of illness (malaise), poor appetite, and fatigue. […] In about two-thirds of people, chronic hepatitis develops gradually, often without causing any symptoms of a liver disorder until cirrhosis occurs. […] Symptoms can include an enlarged spleen, small spiderlike blood vessels visible in the skin (called spider angiomas), redness of the palms, accumulation of fluid within the abdomen (ascites), a tendency to bleed (coagulopathy), bleeding in the digestive tract due to esophageal varices, jaundice, deterioration of brain function (hepatic encephalopathy), and liver cancer. […] In many people, chronic hepatitis does not progress for years. In others, it gradually worsens. The outlook depends partly on which virus is the cause and whether treatment is available: Chronic hepatitis C, if untreated, causes cirrhosis in about 20 to 30% of people.

• #30 Chronic Hepatitis Symptoms and Treatment | UI Health | UI Health

  https://hospital.uillinois.edu/primary-and-specialty-care/hepatology-liver-disease/areas-of-expertise/chronic-hepatitis

  Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver. Over time, those infected with hepatitis can experience a full range of negative health effects due to elevated liver enzymes, including both liver damage and liver failure. Symptoms of hepatitis B may include: Abdominal or joint pain, Abnormally colored bowel movements, Dark-colored urine, Excess fatigue, Fever, Jaundice (a yellowing of the skin or the eyes), Loss of appetite, Nausea and/or vomiting. For those with chronic hepatitis B, symptoms may dissipate or disappear altogether for months or even years. Up to 85% of those diagnosed with hepatitis C develop chronic infection, which can result in serious health issues. In many cases, those who are exposed to hepatitis C may not develop symptoms or will develop only mild symptoms. Symptoms of the condition are similar to those of hepatitis B but may also include chronic fatigue and depression. Over time, the condition may cause chronic liver disease, which can lead to cirrhosis and/or liver cancer. […] Someone with chronic hepatitis C typically receives medication therapy, which often includes an eight- to 12-week course of an antiviral medication that can cure the condition.

• #31 Hepatitis | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/h/hepatitis.html

  The signs of chronic hepatitis vary from person to person. About a third of the cases occur after the individual has had acute hepatitis. But most develop without that. In some people, especially those with chronic hepatitis C, there may be virtually no symptoms. […] Commonly a person with chronic hepatitis may experience: A vague sense of not being well, A loss of appetite, Tiredness, Low-grade fever, Discomfort in the upper part of the stomach area. […] Sometimes jaundice (a yellowish appearance to the skin because of disturbed liver function) will appear. Eventually, but sometimes not for years or decades, signs of liver disease will appear, including an enlarged spleen, a spider-like pattern of broken capillaries or fluid retention. […] Persons with hepatitis B, especially the elderly or those who have had a blood transfusion, have a lesser chance for recovery and have a higher risk of developing chronic hepatitis. About five to 10 percent develop chronic hepatitis. By contrast, 75 to 80 percent of all people with hepatitis C will develop chronic hepatitis, even when their first infection seems mild. Chronic hepatitis has a higher risk of developing cirrhosis or liver cancer.

• #32 Overview of Acute Viral Hepatitis – Hepatic and Biliary Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/hepatic-and-biliary-disorders/hepatitis/overview-of-acute-viral-hepatitis

  Recrudescent hepatitis occurs in a few patients and is characterized by recurrent manifestations during the recovery phase. […] Manifestations of cholestasis may develop during the icteric phase (called cholestatic hepatitis) but usually resolve. When they persist, they cause prolonged jaundice, elevated alkaline phosphatase, and pruritus, despite general regression of inflammation.

• #33

  https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/fulltext/2016/01050/recurrent_acute_liver_failure_because_of_acute.33.aspx

  A 35-year-old man with a 3-week history of worsening jaundice and flu-like symptoms was admitted to our hospital. […] Four months after discharge, the patient’s liver function worsened again. […] The authors started him on steroid pulse therapy, but this time it was not effective. […] A meticulous medical history revealed that he had foregone protective gloves to cut costs after starting his own company and had thus been exposed to increased doses of organic solvents with his bare hands despite strict laws requiring the appropriate management of such agents in Japan. […] Another liver biopsy was performed, which revealed more severe infiltration of neutrophils compared with his previous biopsy, a finding compatible with toxic hepatitis. […] In conclusion, considering the pathology and detailed clinical course of the patient, he was diagnosed with recurrent toxic hepatitis because of high exposure to organic solvents, and was strongly advised to avoid organic solvents in collaboration with the Labor, Health, and Welfare Organization.

• #34

  https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/fulltext/2016/01050/recurrent_acute_liver_failure_because_of_acute.33.aspx

  We report a case of acute toxic hepatitis. […] To the best of our knowledge, there is no other reported case of recurrent acute hepatitis because of organic solvent exposure. […] Thus, it is important to consider the possibility of chemical exposure as the cause of acute liver failure as soon as possible, and to instruct the patient to avoid exposure.

• #35 Drug-Induced Liver Disease Types, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://www.medicinenet.com/drug_induced_liver_disease/article.htm

  Cholestasis is a condition in which the secretion and/or flow of bile is reduced. Bilirubin and bile acids normally secreted by the liver into bile and eliminated from the body via the intestine, collect in the body leading to jaundice and itching, respectively. […] Most patients with drug-induced cholestasis will recover fully within weeks after stopping the drug, but in some patients, jaundice, itching, and abnormal liver tests can last months after stopping the drug. An occasional patient can develop chronic liver disease and liver failure. Drug-induced jaundice and cholestasis lasting longer than 3 months are called chronic cholestasis. […] The most common causes of accumulation of fat in the liver are alcoholism and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) associated with obesity and diabetes. Drugs may cause fatty liver with or without associated hepatitis. Patients with drug-induced fatty liver may have only a few symptoms or none.

• #36 Liver Toxicity – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK526106/

  Most of the patients of drug-induced liver injury have a favorable prognosis. Some patients have prolonged cholestasis even after the offending drug is withdrawn. It will generally resolve 3 to 12 months after withdrawal of the offending drug, but some patients have prolonged course and may develop vanishing bile duct syndrome and cholestatic cirrhosis, which have a poor prognosis. […] Drug-induced liver injury can cause chronic liver disease and the risk usually increases with cholestatic or mixed type compared to hepatocellular type.

• #37 Toxic hepatitis – Hancock Health

  https://www.hancockhealth.org/mayo-health-library/toxic-hepatitis/

  Toxic hepatitis is an inflammation of your liver in reaction to certain substances to which you’re exposed. […] In some cases, toxic hepatitis develops within hours or days of exposure to a toxin. In other cases, it may take months of regular use before signs and symptoms appear. […] The symptoms of toxic hepatitis often go away when exposure to the toxin stops. But toxic hepatitis can permanently damage your liver, leading to irreversible scarring of liver tissue (cirrhosis) and in some cases to liver failure, which can be life-threatening. […] When signs and symptoms of toxic hepatitis occur, they may include: Yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes (jaundice), Itching, Abdominal pain in the upper right portion of the abdomen, Fatigue, Loss of appetite, Nausea and vomiting, Rash, Fever, Weight loss, Dark or tea-colored urine.

• #38 Toxic hepatitis

  https://www.mymlc.com/health-information/diseases-and-conditions/t/toxic-hepatitis/?section=Causes

  The inflammation associated with toxic hepatitis can lead to liver damage and scarring. Over time, this scarring, called cirrhosis, makes it difficult for your liver to do its job. Eventually cirrhosis leads to liver failure. The only treatment for chronic liver failure is to replace your liver with a healthy one from a donor (liver transplant).

• #39 Toxic hepatitis – Hancock Health

  https://www.hancockhealth.org/mayo-health-library/toxic-hepatitis/

  The inflammation associated with toxic hepatitis can lead to liver damage and scarring. Over time, this scarring, called cirrhosis, makes it difficult for your liver to do its job. Eventually cirrhosis leads to liver failure. […] The only treatment for chronic liver failure is to replace your liver with a healthy one from a donor (liver transplant).

• #40 Liver Disease: Signs & Symptoms, Causes, Stages, Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17179-liver-disease

  Symptoms of late-stage liver disease include jaundice, itching and mild brain impairment. […] Chronic liver disease often won’t cause symptoms in the early stages. But sometimes it begins with an episode of acute hepatitis. […] You might begin to notice more symptoms when your liver function begins to decline. This happens in the later stages of liver disease. One of the first side effects of declining liver function is that bile flow stalls in your biliary tract. […] As liver disease advances, it can affect your blood flow, hormones and nutritional status. This can show up in various ways. […] You may see signs of fluids leaking from your blood vessels and accumulating in your body, such as swollen abdomen (ascites) and swollen ankles, feet, hands and face (edema). […] End-stage liver disease refers to decompensated cirrhosis and liver failure, when your liver has lost the ability to regenerate and is slowly declining.

• #41 Hepatitis: What Is It? Types, Symptoms, Causes, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/hepatitis

  Common symptoms of infectious hepatitis include: fatigue, flu-like symptoms, dark urine, pale stool, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, unexplained weight loss, yellow skin and eyes, which may be signs of jaundice. […] If you are living with a chronic form of hepatitis, like hepatitis B and C, you may not show symptoms until the damage affects liver function. […] Chronic hepatitis B or C can lead to more severe health problems. Because the virus affects the liver, people with chronic hepatitis B or C are at risk of chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. […] When your liver stops functioning normally, liver failure can occur. Complications of liver failure include bleeding disorders, a buildup of fluid in your abdomen, known as ascites, increased blood pressure in portal veins that enter your liver, known as portal hypertension, kidney failure, hepatic encephalopathy, which can involve fatigue, memory loss, and diminished mental abilities, hepatocellular carcinoma, which is a form of liver cancer, and death.

• #42 Liver Failure – End Stage Liver Disease – UChicago Medicine

  https://www.uchicagomedicine.org/conditions-services/liver-diseases-hepatology/liver-failure

  When the liver is failing, it can no longer complete its vital tasks. As a result, the body does not work properly. As chronic liver disease progresses, you may experience some or all of the following symptoms: […] Jaundice, or yellow eyes and skin […] Confusion or other thinking difficulties […] Swelling in the belly, arms or legs […] Severe fatigue […] A tendency to bleed easily.

• #43 Liver Failure in Children: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment | Nationwide Children’s Hospital

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/liver-failure-in-children

  At first, symptoms of liver failure can look like other common childhood illnesses, such as the flu. Early symptoms may include: Fatigue (feeling tired all the time), Nausea or vomiting, Loss of appetite, Abdominal (belly) pain. […] As liver failure gets worse, symptoms may include: Dark urine, Jaundice (yellowish skin and eyes), Itching all over the body, Bruising easily or bleeding for a long time, Swollen abdomen from fluid building up (ascites), Brain problems, such as confusion, irritability, unusual sleepiness during the day or sleeplessness at night (encephalopathy).

• #44 Acute Liver Failure | Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/a/acute-liver-failure

  Symptoms of acute liver failure can be like those of a virus. This can include upset stomach, feeling tired all the time, or throwing up. This can quickly progress to jaundice (yellowing of the skin), encephalopathy and coagulopathy (problem with blood clotting). […] In encephalopathy the brain does not work the way it should. This happens when the liver is not able to break down or get rid of toxic products. A liver that is working like it should is able to break down toxins and carry them out of the liver. […] Infants may be irritable, have crying spells and can’t be made to feel better, or they might want to sleep more during the day than at night. […] Older children may seem angry, have a hard time falling asleep, forget things, be confused or feel drowsy. […] Acute liver failure in children is rare. The chance the child will recover depends mainly on the cause and their age. The stage of the disease and the amount of brain damage also affect recovery. If the liver heals itself, most often there is a full recovery.

• #45 Liver Damage Symptoms, Signs & Causes | Hepatitis NSW

  https://www.hep.org.au/liver-health/signs-and-symptoms-of-liver-damage-or-disease/

  Bleeding varices is bleeding that happens in your oesophagus (food pipe) or stomach, if your liver is very scarred. A build-up of pressure from your liver makes the blood vessels swell and burst. […] Ascites is a build-up of fluid in your abdomen (stomach area). It is due to high pressure in the liver. Your abdomen will become very large. […] Encephalopathy is due to a build-up of toxins in your brain. When the liver cant filter toxins, the toxins stay in your blood and are carried to the brain. Symptoms of early encephalopathy are changes in mood, concentration, memory and sleeping patterns, as well as flapping hands. You may also have problems with handwriting, doing maths and crankiness. […] If liver damage gets worse, you will get the next stage of liver damage, called decompensated cirrhosis. This is advanced liver cirrhosis and is dangerous. By now you may be feeling tired, have poor appetite and be losing weight.

• #46 Acute Liver Failure: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/177354-overview

  Acute liver failure is a broad term that encompasses both fulminant hepatic failure and subfulminant hepatic failure (or late-onset hepatic failure). The term fulminant hepatic failure is generally used to describe the development of encephalopathy within 8 weeks of the onset of symptoms in a patient with a previously healthy liver. The term subfulminant hepatic failure is reserved for patients with liver disease for up to 26 weeks before the development of hepatic encephalopathy. […] Signs and symptoms of acute failure may include the following: Encephalopathy, Cerebral edema: May lead to signs of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) (eg, papilledema, hypertension, bradycardia), Jaundice: Often present but not always, Ascites: Potential for hepatic vein thrombosis with rapid development in the presence of fulminant hepatic failure accompanied by abdominal pain, Right upper quadrant tenderness: Variably present, Change in liver span: May be small due to hepatic necrosis or may be enlarged due to heart failure, viral hepatitis, or Budd-Chiari syndrome, Hematemesis or melena: Due to upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, Hypotension and tachycardia: Due to reduced systemic vascular resistance.

• #47 Liver Disease: Signs & Symptoms, Causes, Stages, Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17179-liver-disease

  The most significant side effects of end-stage liver disease are portal hypertension and primary liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma). […] Portal hypertension happens when scarring in your liver compresses the portal vein that runs through it. […] While not everyone with chronic liver disease gets primary liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma), most people who do get liver cancer have chronic liver disease. […] Chronic overexposure to toxins, such as industrial chemicals or drugs, can cause acute or chronic hepatitis.

• #48 Viral hepatitis: symptoms, treatment, prevention – Institut Pasteur

  https://www.pasteur.fr/en/medical-center/disease-sheets/viral-hepatitis?language=fr

  Most people with chronic HBV do not present obvious symptoms, despite showing signs of liver inflammation and being able to contaminate their immediate circle. […] Acute hepatitis C develops after an incubation period averaging between six and ten weeks. It is largely asymptomatic. […] Symptoms that do occur are similar to those of other forms of viral hepatitis (fatigue, nausea, pains followed by dark urine and jaundice). […] Full recovery is confirmed by tests showing absence of the virus in the blood for more than six months following acute infection, as well as the presence of HCV antibodies. […] It is acknowledged that only 15 to 45% of cases of acute hepatitis C end in recovery, irrespective of whether or not they are symptomatic, while 55 to 85% of infected patients go on to develop chronic infection. […] This can lead to progressive deterioration of the liver, and subsequently to cirrhosis. […] From the cirrhosis stage, there is a high risk of development of hepatocellular carcinoma, the rate being between 1 and 4% per year.

• #49 Shock liver: Symptoms, treatment, and outlook

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/toxic-liver-shock

  The symptoms of liver shock are similar to those of other liver diseases and may include: tenderness in the abdomen, nausea, vomiting, jaundice, which may turn the skin yellow or the urine dark. […] Shock liver is a very dangerous condition with a high death rate of 40-80%. In most cases, death is not a result of liver failure but shock liver can be a sign that the underlying disease is progressing. In this regard, shock liver is a sign of a poorer outlook for the disease that caused it. […] The main risk of shock liver is liver failure. Decreased blood flow to the liver damages the cells of the liver. With enough damage, the liver loses the ability to function. Without treatment, liver failure can be fatal.

• #50

  https://www.painscale.com/article/what-is-toxic-hepatitis

  Factors that increase the risk of developing toxic hepatitis include the following: Over-the-counter pain medication or certain prescription medication use, Pre-existing hepatitis or another health condition that affects the liver, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, Alcohol use, Exposure to certain industrial chemicals, Female gender (Females tend to metabolize certain substances more slowly than males.), Advanced age (The liver processes substances more slowly as an individual ages.), The presence of a genetic mutation that affects the production of liver enzymes.

• #51 Drug induced liver injury (DILI) – British Liver Trust

  https://britishlivertrust.org.uk/information-and-support/liver-conditions/dili/

  Your liver has an amazing ability to repair itself and so most people with drug induced liver injury will make a complete recovery. How long it takes for your liver to repair itself varies from person to person and the repair work can make you feel unwell. Some people will continue to feel worse for a little while after tests show that their liver is recovering. It is common for people to continue to feel sick or very tired for weeks or even months. This is a normal part of recovering. But it can make it hard to do normal activities and can be worrying.

• #52 Drugs and Chemicals That Cause Toxic Liver Disease

  https://www.webmd.com/fatty-liver-disease/toxic-liver-disease

  If you have a mild case of liver hepatotoxicity, it’s likely to get better within weeks or months. But if the damage is chronic, or goes on for a while, it can lead to more serious damage like cirrhosis or liver failure. Your chances of serious liver damage also go up if you have another condition such as MASLD or hepatitis. […] Treatment for hepatotoxicity starts with stopping exposure to toxins. You may need hospital care, where you’ll get fluids by IV. If the liver toxicity is severe enough, you may need a liver transplant.

• #53 Toxic hepatitis // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/toxic-hepatitis

  The inflammation associated with toxic hepatitis can lead to liver damage and scarring. Over time, this scarring, called cirrhosis, makes it difficult for your liver to do its job. Eventually cirrhosis leads to liver failure. […] In most cases, stopping exposure to the toxin causing liver inflammation will reduce the signs and symptoms you experience. […] If your liver damage was caused by an overdose of acetaminophen, you’ll receive a chemical called acetylcysteine right away. The sooner this medication is administered, the greater the chance of limiting liver damage. It’s most effective if administered within 16 hours of the acetaminophen overdose.

• #54 What is toxic hepatitis? – Fundahigado America

  https://fundahigadoamerica.org/en/news/2021/11/what-is-toxic-hepatitis/

  The mixture of drugs such as amoxicillin-clavulanate, phenytoin, azathioprine, ketoconazole, certain antivirals and anabolic steroids. […] Toxic hepatitis occurs when the liver becomes inflamed as a result of a toxic substance present in the body, and although the liver breaks down most drugs when exposed to a large amount of them, it could be affected.

• #55 Alcoholic Hepatitis: Diagnosis and Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2022/0400/p412.html

  Acute onset of jaundice is the only clinical sign or symptom required for the diagnosis of alcoholic hepatitis. […] Other nonspecific signs and symptoms can support the diagnosis of alcoholic hepatitis and suggest underlying chronic alcohol-associated liver disease. […] Laboratory findings that are diagnostic for alcoholic hepatitis or characteristic of alcohol-associated liver disease are outlined in the text; deviation from the specified diagnostic pattern should prompt consideration of alternative diagnoses. […] Symptoms include abdominal pain (right upper quadrant, epigastric), anorexia, confusion (encephalopathy), fatigue, fever, malaise, nausea and vomiting, peripheral neuropathy, sleep-wake inversion, weight gain (ascites), and weight loss (loss of muscle mass, malnutrition). […] The presence of underlying cirrhosis and continued alcohol use negatively impact long-term prognosis.

• #56 Alcohol Related Liver Disease | University of Michigan Health

  https://www.uofmhealth.org/conditions-treatments/digestive-and-liver-health/alcohol-related-liver-disease

  Most patients with ALD do not have symptoms until they develop symptoms of liver failure (alcohol associated hepatitis and/or decompensated ALD cirrhosis). Nearly all patients with early ALD will not have any symptoms at all, which is why it is important to take action if you are drinking heavily. By the time symptoms develop, ALD is usually very advanced. […] As the disease progresses, the symptoms include: Jaundice (a yellow tint to the skin and the whites of the eyes) […] Confusion and behavior changes.

• #57 Alcoholic Hepatitis: Diagnosis and Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2022/0400/p412.html

  The incidence of alcoholic hepatitis is difficult to estimate because of inconsistency in diagnosis of the disease and overlap with concurrent, more easily diagnosed liver diseases, such as hepatitis C. […] Overall and in-hospital mortality are high for severe alcoholic hepatitis, with a 28-day mortality rate of 16% to 30% and a one-year mortality rate of 56%.

• #58 Toxic Hepatitis (Liver Toxicity): Symptoms, Causes & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17915-toxic-hepatitis

  Toxic hepatitis can lead to acute liver damage (cirrhosis) and chronic liver failure. If you develop liver failure, you may need liver transplantation. […] Toxic hepatitis recovery time depends on: […] If damage is mild to moderate, your liver may take a few weeks or months to replace the damaged cells and heal. […] Talk to your healthcare provider about your liver health. Follow your providers instructions for how to take care of yourself as you recover from toxic hepatitis. […] Call your healthcare provider right away if you have worsening symptoms of liver failure or symptoms of acute liver failure. These include: […] Toxic hepatitis (liver toxicity) can develop slowly. You might not have any symptoms until liver damage has occurred. But you can help your liver heal by making lifestyle changes.

• #59 Acute Liver Failure: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/177354-overview

  The most important step in the assessment of patients with acute liver failure is to identify the cause, because certain conditions necessitate immediate and specific treatment and affect prognosis. […] The development of cerebral edema is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with acute liver failure. […] The outcome of acute liver failure is related to the etiology, the degree of encephalopathy, and related complications. […] The risk of mortality increases with the development of any complications, which include cerebral edema, renal failure, adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), coagulopathy, and infection. […] Paradoxically, rapid progression from the onset of jaundice (usually the first unequivocal sign of liver disease recognized by the patient or family) to encephalopathy is associated with improved survival.

• #60 Drug-induced Hepatitis: Symptoms and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/drug-induced-hepatitis

  Drug-induced hepatitis symptoms include chills, fever, rash, pruritus, arthralgia, headache, abdominal pain, anorexia, nausea, and vomiting. […] Later, overt evidence of liver damage, such as jaundice, dark urine, and an enlarged and tender liver, may develop. […] Usually, symptoms subside when the causative drug has been discontinued and drug-related hepatitis subsides within days or weeks after the offending drug is stopped. […] Reactions may be severe and even fatal. […] Patients with jaundice have approximately 10% risk of liver-related mortality and/or need for liver transplantation.

• #61 Content – Health Encyclopedia – University of Rochester Medical Center

  https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content?contenttypeid=85&contentid=P00668

  Each persons symptoms may vary. Symptoms may include: Belly pain, Tiredness and weakness, Fever, Nausea, Vomiting, Lack of appetite, Dark yellow urine, Pale gray or clay-colored stools, Yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice). […] The symptoms of drug-induced hepatitis may look like other health problems. Always see your healthcare provider to be sure. […] In most cases, you may be taking a medicine for several months before it reaches a toxic level and affects your liver. […] You may also get the condition if you take too much of some medicines, such as acetaminophen. This can happen quickly. […] If you dont stop taking the medicine that is causing the problem, your liver will become more damaged. It may not recover. If this happens, you will need a liver transplant.

• #62 Mayo Clinic Health Library – Toxic hepatitis | Swiss Medical Network

  https://www.swissmedical.net/it/healtcare-library/con-20166943

  The inflammation associated with toxic hepatitis can lead to liver damage and scarring. Over time, this scarring, called cirrhosis, makes it difficult for your liver to do its job. Eventually cirrhosis leads to liver failure. […] In most cases, stopping exposure to the toxin causing liver inflammation will reduce the signs and symptoms you experience.

• #63 Drug-Induced Liver Disease Types, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://www.medicinenet.com/drug_induced_liver_disease/article.htm

  In severe cases, drug-induced fatty liver can lead to cirrhosis and liver failure. […] Chronic liver diseases such as hepatitis, fatty liver, or cholestasis can lead to the necrosis (death) of liver cells. Scar tissue forms as part of the healing process that is associated with the dying liver cells, and severe scarring of the liver can lead to cirrhosis. […] The most important treatment for drug-induced liver disease is stopping the drug that is causing the liver disease. In most patients, signs and symptoms of liver disease will resolve and blood tests will become normal and there will be no long-term liver damage.

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