Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Tendonitis: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/10919-tendonitis

  Tendonitis (tendinitis) is the inflammation or irritation of a tendon that makes it swell. Tendons are strands of connective tissue between muscles and bones that help you move. This condition usually happens after a repetitive strain or overuse injury. […] What causes tendonitis? Causes of tendonitis could include: Overuse or repetitive movements over time (like running or throwing). Strain from sudden movements. An injury. […] In addition, tendonitis could be a side effect of a medication, including statins or drugs that lower cholesterol or fluoroquinolone antibiotics. Certain underlying medical conditions can also cause tendonitis, such as: Diabetes. Rheumatoid arthritis. Gout/pseudo gout. Osteoarthritis. An infection.

• #1 Tendinitis – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tendinitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20378243

  Tendinitis can be caused by a sudden injury. But repeating the same movement over time is a much more likely cause. Most people develop tendinitis because their jobs or hobbies involve motions that they repeat, over and over. This puts stress on tendons. […] Moving correctly is especially important when having to repeat movements for sports or a job. Moving incorrectly can overload the tendon and lead to tendinitis. […] Risk factors for developing tendinitis include age, having jobs that involve doing the same motion over and over, doing physical activities with poor form, and taking certain medicines. […] Certain medical conditions, such as diabetes, can increase the risk of tendinitis. Medications that may increase risk include antibiotics known as fluoroquinolines, corticosteroids such as cortisone, and aromatase inhibitors, used to lower breast cancer risk.

• #2 Tendinitis: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001229.htm

  Tendinitis can occur as a result of injury or overuse. Playing sports is a common cause. Tendinitis also can occur with aging as the tendon loses elasticity. Body-wide (systemic) diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis or diabetes, can also lead to tendinitis. […] Tendinitis can occur in any tendon. Commonly affected sites include the: Elbow, Heel (Achilles tendinitis), Knee, Shoulder, Thumb, Wrist.

• #2 Tendinopathy: What It Is, Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22289-tendinopathy

  Tendinopathy is any condition that affects a tendon, making it painful to use and reducing its functionality. Most people injure their tendons by overusing them although other factors can contribute to weakening of your tendons. Tendinopathy can begin when a tendon injury cant heal. […] Its not always clear how tendinopathy develops, but it often starts with overusing your tendon. How much force your tendon can tolerate may differ from the next person. Athletes can strain their tendons by overtraining. People who arent regularly active can strain a tendon by suddenly increasing their activity. Any task repeated too often without enough rest in between can cause a repetitive strain injury. […] Factors that may contribute to straining your tendon include: High-intensity training, Poor ergonomics or equipment, Lack of flexibility, Lack of strength, Muscle imbalances, Posture or gait abnormalities, Too much weight on your tendon, Certain autoimmune diseases.

• #2 Tendonitis: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/10919-tendonitis

  Tendonitis (tendinitis) is the inflammation or irritation of a tendon that makes it swell. Tendons are strands of connective tissue between muscles and bones that help you move. This condition usually happens after a repetitive strain or overuse injury. […] What causes tendonitis? Causes of tendonitis could include: Overuse or repetitive movements over time (like running or throwing). Strain from sudden movements. An injury. […] In addition, tendonitis could be a side effect of a medication, including statins or drugs that lower cholesterol or fluoroquinolone antibiotics. Certain underlying medical conditions can also cause tendonitis, such as: Diabetes. Rheumatoid arthritis. Gout/pseudo gout. Osteoarthritis. An infection.

• #3 Acute Tendinitis: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis & Treatments

  https://aidyourtendon.com/strain-injuries/acute-tendinitis.php

  The truth is, tendonitis pain is usually a culmination of numerous factors, such as repetitive stress, poor posture, acute injuries, and overcompensation issues resulting from other muscle and soft tissue ailments. […] When the tendon gets inflamed it is known as tendonitis, and when the tendons are chronically overused, it may lead to microscopic tears in the collagen matrix and causes a gradual weakening of the tissues.

• #4 Tendinitis: Causes, Diagnosis, and Prevention

  https://www.healthline.com/health/tendinitis

  The most common cause of tendinitis is repetitive action. Tendons help you make a certain movement over and over. You may develop tendinitis if you frequently make the same motion while playing sports or working. The risk increases if you perform the motion incorrectly. […] Tendinitis can also result from: injury, aging, certain diseases, such as diabetes or rheumatoid arthritis, certain antibiotics (quinolones such as Levaquin). […] Athletes who participate in certain sports, such as tennis, golf, bowling, or basketball, are at a higher risk of tendinitis. You may also be at a higher risk if your job requires physical exertion, overhead lifting, or repetitive motions or tasks.

• #5 Tendonitis: Symptoms & Causes | NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/orthopedics/columbia-orthopedics/tendonitis

  Tendonitis is usually caused by overuse. […] It can also happen when you dont stretch or warm up before exercising or if you suddenly push yourself to increase the intensity of exercise. […] Jobs and everyday chores that involve repetitive movements can lead to tendonitis, as can a bump or direct blow to a tendon. […] Types of repetitive movements that can cause tendonitis include: Reaching overhead for swimming strokes, or activities like painting or construction work. […] Repeated jumping or overuse during running, basketball, or racket sports. […] Gripping with the hand and twisting the forearm during racket sports, or using a screwdriver. […] Activities and health conditions that can increase your risk of developing tendonitis include: Starting a new sport or physical activity, or increasing the intensity of exercise. […] A job that involves repetitive motions, such as plumbing, painting, or carpentry. […] Chronic health conditions, including diabetes and arthritis.

• #6 Risk Factors and Causes of Wrist Tendonitis

  https://www.sports-health.com/sports-injuries/hand-and-wrist-injuries/risk-factors-and-causes-wrist-tendonitis

  Medications, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids (both tablets and injections). These medications may reduce the chances of tendon healing and weaken the structure of tendons if taken frequently or for long durations (more than 14 days). […] Wrist tendonitis may be caused by either an: […] Acute injury from falls, motor vehicle accidents, playing sports, and non-penetrating blunt injury may cause wrist tendonitis. In severe cases, the tendon may also tear. Acute tendon injury may cause pain, swelling, and stiffness in the tendon. […] Repetitive injury from playing sports or doing other activities may also cause wrist tendonitis. Repetitive injury may cause pain and stiffness in the tendon. The symptoms usually develop over a period of time and may worsen as the injury progresses. […] If left untreated, wrist tendonitis may progress to tendinosis – a chronic, non-inflammatory condition where the tendon begins to degenerate. Wrist tendinosis can also result from repetitive injury to a wrist tendon, such as from work or sports.

• #7 Tendonitis: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments

  https://relatyv.com/condition/tendonitis/

  Some medications, such as steroids and antibiotics, can interfere with your bodys natural healing process and cause tendonitis due to weak or damaged tendons. […] Any repetitive motion or activity can cause tendonitis. This includes typing, playing a musical instrument, and gardening. […] Any trauma to the tendon, such as a sudden fall or a blow to the area, can cause inflammation and irritation. […] This autoimmune condition can cause tendon inflammation by attacking the bodys tissues.

• #8 What causes tendonitis? | Top Doctors

  https://www.topdoctors.co.uk/medical-dictionary/tendonitis

  Tendonitis (also called tendinitis) refers to inflammation of a tendon. It is one of the major sub-types of tendinopathy (tendon disease), along with tendinosis and paratenonitis. Tendons are thick, fibrous cords of tissue that attach muscles to bones. They can become injured or strained due to overuse, leading to inflammation. […] There are two main direct causes of tendonitis: sudden injury and repetitive movements over time. These repetitive movements could be anything from movements made during activities like gardening, painting or cleaning to sports, such as tennis or golf. Bad posture and not warming up properly before exercise can also lead to tendonitis. […] Age, in fact, is the most common tendonitis-associated risk factor. As we age, our tendons lose their elasticity, and become less flexible and easier to injure or tear. Other risk factors include jobs involving repetitive movements, sport (particularly weekend warriors, who are relatively inactive during the week, but push themselves hard at the weekend), and certain health conditions, such as diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis, which seem to go hand-in-hand with a greater likelihood of developing tendonitis.

• #9 5 Major Causes of Tendonitis – Watauga Orthopaedics

  https://www.wataugaortho.com/2018/05/18/5-major-causes-of-tendonitis/

  According to Cleveland Clinic, adults age 40 years and older are more prone to having tendonitis. This is because aging tendons experience a reduction in elasticity, and can no longer endure the stressors they once could. […] Whatever the reason for your tendonitis pain, it’s important to visit a physician to discuss the best course of treatment. Tendon irritation that isn’t addressed may lead to tendinosis – which is marked by irreparable degenerative changes in the tendon.

• #10 Tendonitis: 5 Key Facts About Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment | Temple Health

  https://www.templehealth.org/about/blog/5-things-to-know-about-tendonitis

  Tendonitis is often caused by repetitive motions. […] Some patients don’t know what caused their injury because tendonitis occurs from making the same movement many times. Physical activities such as throwing a ball, swinging a racket or golf club, or running, are some of the most common causes. But tasks like gardening, painting, carpentry, or even cleaning can also cause tendonitis. […] The risk for tendonitis rises after age 40. That’s because tendons become less flexible with age, which makes them more vulnerable to injury.

• #11

  https://www.advocatehealth.com/health-services/orthopedic-center/specialties/tendonitis

  Tendonitis is an inflammatory injury of a tendon that causes pain, swelling and other symptoms. […] Chronic tendonitis is the most common kind. Its usually caused by overuse or repetitive movements in sports, work, or day-to-day activities. Chronic tendonitis can also be caused by conditions like arthritis. It develops gradually and gets worse over time. […] Acute tendonitis appears suddenly and is usually the result of an injury. If a person doesnt get treatment, their acute tendonitis can become chronic. […] Causes of tendonitis include: Repetitive motions: Athletes who play sports like golf, tennis, and baseball are at high risk for sports injuries like tendonitis. People whose jobs require repetitive motions or standing all the time are also at risk. […] Improper technique or overuse: Using the wrong technique or worn-out equipment when exercising or doing other physical activities can lead to tendonitis. In addition, playing sports infrequently can stress the tendons and cause tendonitis. […] Certain medical conditions: Arthritis or other disorders may put stress on your tendons, leading to tendonitis. […] Your risk of tendonitis is also increased if youre older than 40. Tendons become less flexible with age, so they become injured more easily.

• #12 Acute Tendinitis: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis & Treatments

  https://aidyourtendon.com/strain-injuries/acute-tendinitis.php

  The truth is, tendonitis pain is usually a culmination of numerous factors, such as repetitive stress, poor posture, acute injuries, and overcompensation issues resulting from other muscle and soft tissue ailments. […] When the tendon gets inflamed it is known as tendonitis, and when the tendons are chronically overused, it may lead to microscopic tears in the collagen matrix and causes a gradual weakening of the tissues.

• #13 Tendinopathy (Tendonitis) | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/tendonitis

  Tendinopathy is usually a type of overuse injury, where the tendon is repeatedly strained until tiny tears form. […] Some of the common causes of tendinopathy can include: overuse of the tendons by repetitive actions, calcium deposit along the tendon at the site of insertion (where it attaches to the bone), bone spurs on the heels, any sporting activity that requires lots of jumping and running, running on hard surfaces, poor sporting technique, such as holding a tennis racquet or golf club incorrectly, inappropriate sporting equipment, such as a tennis racquet that’s too heavy, lifting weights that are too heavy, lifting heavy weights without warming up properly, neglecting to warm up properly before doing sport or exercise, extreme and regular physical effort, such as an intensive sports training schedule, not taking enough time between training sessions to allow full recovery, exercising in cold temperatures, awkward positions that are maintained for a long time, being obese, which puts excessive pressure on the tendons of the legs.

• #14 Foot or Ankle Tendonitis | Orthopedics | Mercy Health

  https://www.mercy.com/health-care-services/orthopedics-sports-medicine-spine/specialties/foot-ankle/conditions/foot-ankle-tendonitis

  Foot or ankle tendonitis (also known as tendinitis) is inflammation of a tendon in the foot or ankle. Your ankle is one of the most common places to develop tendonitis because of the common repetitive motion in the joint area. […] The most common cause of foot or ankle tendonitis is overuse. […] Other causes of foot and ankle tendonitis include: An infection in the ankle or foot, Rheumatic disease such as gout or arthritis, A foot or ankle injury such as a sprain. […] Risk factors for tendonitis in the foot or ankle include: Sports that require repetitive movement, Sports that may lead to overuse of the ankle such as running, People over 40 are more likely to have tendonitis in the foot or ankle, Men are more likely to develop tendonitis in the foot or ankle, People who are overweight are more likely to develop tendonitis in the foot or ankle, People who wear worn out shoes that do not support the feet are more likely to develop tendonitis in the foot or ankle, Previous injuries to the tendons in the foot or ankle.

• #15 What are tendonitis and tendonosis? | UNC Orthopaedics

  https://www.med.unc.edu/ortho/services/programs/tendon-treatment-program/tendonitis/

  Tendonitis can be caused by: acute injuries, overuse or repetitive injuries, muscle or bone variations, ergonomic issues (like how you use your mouse and computer), other medical issues, and even some medications. […] The risks for developing tendon issues include: age, work tasks, sport and exercise activities, and underlying medical problems. […] Tendonitis is primarily a pain problem. It starts with inflammatory cells inside the tendon causing pain and reduced functional ability leading to tendonosis. Over time, these tendon changes can harm the function of the tendon. If this happens for too long, it can lead to an increased risk of a tendon rupture (tear).

• #16 Achilles Tendinitis – OrthoInfo – AAOS

  https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases–conditions/achilles-tendinitis/

  Achilles tendinitis is typically not related to a specific injury. The problem results from repetitive stress to the tendon. This often happens when we push our bodies to do too much, too quickly. Other factors can also make a person more likely to develop Achilles tendinitis, including: […] A sudden increase in the amount or intensity of exercise activity. For example, increasing the distance you run every day by a few miles without giving your body a chance to adjust to the new distance may cause irritation and inflammation. […] Tight calf muscles. Calf muscle tightness puts extra stress on the Achilles tendon, especially where it inserts into the heel bone. […] Haglund’s deformity. This is a condition in which there is enlargement of the bone on the back of the heel. This can rub on the Achilles tendon and cause inflammation and pain.

• #17 Risk Factors and Causes of Wrist Tendonitis

  https://www.sports-health.com/sports-injuries/hand-and-wrist-injuries/risk-factors-and-causes-wrist-tendonitis

  Some people have a higher risk of developing wrist tendonitis than others. Some risk factors are lifestyle-related and, therefore, preventable, while others are related to age, diseases, and/or genetics and, therefore, may not be preventable. […] Factors that may increase the risk of developing wrist tendonitis include: […] Repetitive movements related to playing sports, house work, and poor workplace ergonomics. […] Age-related changes in the tendon such as stiffness, irregular tissue formation, and up to 50% reduction in the tendons ability to bear weight. […] Metabolic disorders, such as diabetes, high cholesterol, increased uric acid in the blood (which can lead to gout), and obesity. […] Genetic disorders, such as Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. A common sub-type of this syndrome, the hypermobility type, has a significant association with tendonitis.

• #18 Tendonitis: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/10919-tendonitis

  Tendonitis (tendinitis) is the inflammation or irritation of a tendon that makes it swell. Tendons are strands of connective tissue between muscles and bones that help you move. This condition usually happens after a repetitive strain or overuse injury. […] What causes tendonitis? Causes of tendonitis could include: Overuse or repetitive movements over time (like running or throwing). Strain from sudden movements. An injury. […] In addition, tendonitis could be a side effect of a medication, including statins or drugs that lower cholesterol or fluoroquinolone antibiotics. Certain underlying medical conditions can also cause tendonitis, such as: Diabetes. Rheumatoid arthritis. Gout/pseudo gout. Osteoarthritis. An infection.

• #19 Tendinitis and Tenosynovitis – Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/musculoskeletal-and-connective-tissue-disorders/bursa-muscle-and-tendon-disorders/tendinitis-and-tenosynovitis

  Tendinopathy usually results from repeated small tears or degenerative changes (sometimes with calcium deposits) that occur over years in the tendon. […] The cause of tendinitis is often unknown. It usually occurs in people who are middle-aged or older as the vascularity of tendons decreases; repetitive microtrauma may contribute. Repeated or extreme trauma (short of rupture), strain, and excessive or unaccustomed exercise probably also contribute. Some fluoroquinolone antibiotics may increase the risk of tendinopathy and tendon rupture. […] Risk of tendinitis may be increased by certain systemic disorders most commonly rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis, gout, reactive arthritis, and diabetes or, very rarely, amyloidosis or markedly elevated blood cholesterol levels. In younger adults, particularly women, disseminated gonococcal infection may cause acute migratory tenosynovitis in the absence of localizing genitourinary symptoms. Nontuberculous mycobacteria, such as Mycobacterium marinum, have a predilection to cause local chronic infection of peripheral tendons, resulting in symptoms of tenosynovitis. […] Fluoroquinolone antibiotic use has been associated with tendinopathies, including tendon rupture.

• #20 Tendonitis: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/10919-tendonitis

  Tendonitis (tendinitis) is the inflammation or irritation of a tendon that makes it swell. Tendons are strands of connective tissue between muscles and bones that help you move. This condition usually happens after a repetitive strain or overuse injury. […] What causes tendonitis? Causes of tendonitis could include: Overuse or repetitive movements over time (like running or throwing). Strain from sudden movements. An injury. […] In addition, tendonitis could be a side effect of a medication, including statins or drugs that lower cholesterol or fluoroquinolone antibiotics. Certain underlying medical conditions can also cause tendonitis, such as: Diabetes. Rheumatoid arthritis. Gout/pseudo gout. Osteoarthritis. An infection.

• #21 Tendinitis and Tenosynovitis – Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/musculoskeletal-and-connective-tissue-disorders/bursa-muscle-and-tendon-disorders/tendinitis-and-tenosynovitis

  Tendinopathy usually results from repeated small tears or degenerative changes (sometimes with calcium deposits) that occur over years in the tendon. […] The cause of tendinitis is often unknown. It usually occurs in people who are middle-aged or older as the vascularity of tendons decreases; repetitive microtrauma may contribute. Repeated or extreme trauma (short of rupture), strain, and excessive or unaccustomed exercise probably also contribute. Some fluoroquinolone antibiotics may increase the risk of tendinopathy and tendon rupture. […] Risk of tendinitis may be increased by certain systemic disorders most commonly rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis, gout, reactive arthritis, and diabetes or, very rarely, amyloidosis or markedly elevated blood cholesterol levels. In younger adults, particularly women, disseminated gonococcal infection may cause acute migratory tenosynovitis in the absence of localizing genitourinary symptoms. Nontuberculous mycobacteria, such as Mycobacterium marinum, have a predilection to cause local chronic infection of peripheral tendons, resulting in symptoms of tenosynovitis. […] Fluoroquinolone antibiotic use has been associated with tendinopathies, including tendon rupture.

• #22 Surprising Causes of Tendonitis | Center for Orthopaedic Surgery & Sports Medicine

  https://www.centerfororthosurgery.com/surprising-causes-of-tendonitis/

  Here are just a few of the surprising causes: […] The high blood glucose levels characteristic of diabetes commonly lead to frozen shoulder or rotator cuff tendonitis. While physicians and researchers cannot pinpoint the exact mechanism for its development, tendonitis and other inflammatory conditions, such as arthritis, are fairly common among diabetics.

• #23 Tendon Injuries and Treatments | Arthritis Foundation

  https://www.arthritis.org/diseases/tendinitis

  Tendons can deteriorate over time, even in people who arent active. But for the most part, the same overuse, overloading and medications that lead to tendinitis also can cause tendinosis. […] High-intensity sports or overuse about half of all sports-related injuries involve a tendon […] Repetitive movements, including using a keyboard or mouse for hours without a break […] Older age […] Diabetes, which makes tendons thicker and more likely to tear. […] Statins, corticosteroids and fluroquinolone antibiotics, especially ciprofloxacin (Cipro). Taking both Cipro and steroids raises the risk of tendon rupture nearly 50-fold. […] Tenosynovitis can result from the same overuse and repetitive motion injuries as tendinitis and tendinosis, but it doesnt affect the Achilles tendon, which doesnt have a sheath. […] Tenosynovitis is also closely associated with diabetes, occurring in about 10% to 20% of people with the disease, and with autoimmune and inflammatory forms of arthritis.

• #24

  https://www.parkwayshenton.com.sg/conditions-diseases/tendonitis/symptoms-causes

  Tendonitis is usually caused by an injury, such as a sports injury or an overuse injury when running. Other causes include: […] Reactive arthritis (formerly called Reiters syndrome) This condition is triggered by an infection in another part of the body like the intestines, genitals or urinary tract. It results in joint pain and swelling. Reactive arthritis typically affects the knees and the joints of the ankles and feet, which may cause tendonitis. […] Rheumatoid arthritis This autoimmune and inflammatory disease attacks the immune system and healthy cells in the body by mistake. This can cause inflammation in certain parts of the body, specifically the joints, and may cause tendonitis.

• #25 Tendonitis (Tendinitis): Sign, Causes and Treatment | Ada

  https://ada.com/conditions/tendonitis/

  De Quervains tendonitis occurs due to overuse of the wrist, through repetitive activities such as typing or scanning. […] Shoulder tendonitis can develop through overuse and age, as well as by rubbing against bone to become inflamed. […] Biceps tendonitis can develop through overuse and age. […] Tendonitis in the foot, also known as posterior tibial tendonitis, occurs when the tendon connecting one of the calf muscles to the inside of the foot becomes damaged or inflamed. Posterior tibial tendonitis can occur because of an injury or overuse. […] Hamstring tendonitis is generally caused by excessive overuse. […] Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune condition which causes inflammation of joints and associated tissues. If tendons are affected, it can lead to inflammation and tendonitis.

• #26 Tendonitis: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/10919-tendonitis

  Tendonitis (tendinitis) is the inflammation or irritation of a tendon that makes it swell. Tendons are strands of connective tissue between muscles and bones that help you move. This condition usually happens after a repetitive strain or overuse injury. […] What causes tendonitis? Causes of tendonitis could include: Overuse or repetitive movements over time (like running or throwing). Strain from sudden movements. An injury. […] In addition, tendonitis could be a side effect of a medication, including statins or drugs that lower cholesterol or fluoroquinolone antibiotics. Certain underlying medical conditions can also cause tendonitis, such as: Diabetes. Rheumatoid arthritis. Gout/pseudo gout. Osteoarthritis. An infection.

• #27 Tendon Injuries and Treatments | Arthritis Foundation

  https://www.arthritis.org/diseases/tendinitis

  Tendinitis (or tendonitis) […] A sudden injury like a fall or blow to the body can sometimes cause tendinitis, but its more likely to result from: […] Repetitive movements. This is by far the most common cause of tendinitis. Anything you do over and over, whether its playing sports (running, throwing, hitting), working at a physically or ergonomically demanding job, gardening or even cleaning, can inflame a tendon. […] Certain medications. Corticosteroids, statins and aromatase inhibitors (a breast cancer treatment) can also damage tendons. Certain antibiotics called fluoroquinolones, such as ciprofloxacin (Cipro) have carried a boxed warning for tendinitis and tendon rupture since 2008. […] Spondyloarthritis (SpA). A family of rheumatic diseases that can cause pain and swelling at the point where tendons and ligaments attach to bone, called entheses.

• #28 What Causes Tendon Pain All Over the Body? | ProFysio Physical Therapy

  https://www.profysionj.com/about-us/blog/2020/december/what-causes-tendon-pain-all-over-the-body-/

  Tendonitis refers to an inflamed or irritated tendon. The condition is often caused by repetitive impact on a part of your body. […] Tendonitis can also happen when the body experiences the following: A joint that is abnormally placed, stressing soft tissue structures; Stress from other existing conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis, gout, psoriatic arthritis, thyroid disorders, or unusual medication reactions; Overuse of a specific movement the body is not accustomed to; An infection. […] If you feel like you have tendon pain all over your body, this could be because you are suffering from tendonitis in multiple areas.

• #29 Tendinitis and Tenosynovitis – Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/musculoskeletal-and-connective-tissue-disorders/bursa-muscle-and-tendon-disorders/tendinitis-and-tenosynovitis

  Tendinopathy usually results from repeated small tears or degenerative changes (sometimes with calcium deposits) that occur over years in the tendon. […] The cause of tendinitis is often unknown. It usually occurs in people who are middle-aged or older as the vascularity of tendons decreases; repetitive microtrauma may contribute. Repeated or extreme trauma (short of rupture), strain, and excessive or unaccustomed exercise probably also contribute. Some fluoroquinolone antibiotics may increase the risk of tendinopathy and tendon rupture. […] Risk of tendinitis may be increased by certain systemic disorders most commonly rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis, gout, reactive arthritis, and diabetes or, very rarely, amyloidosis or markedly elevated blood cholesterol levels. In younger adults, particularly women, disseminated gonococcal infection may cause acute migratory tenosynovitis in the absence of localizing genitourinary symptoms. Nontuberculous mycobacteria, such as Mycobacterium marinum, have a predilection to cause local chronic infection of peripheral tendons, resulting in symptoms of tenosynovitis. […] Fluoroquinolone antibiotic use has been associated with tendinopathies, including tendon rupture.

• #30 Tendinopathy – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tendinopathy

  Causes may include an injury or repetitive activities. […] Less common causes include infection, arthritis, gout, thyroid disease, and diabetes. […] Obesity, or more specifically, adiposity or fatness, has also been linked to an increasing incidence of tendinopathy. […] Quinolone antibiotics are associated with increased risk of tendinitis and tendon rupture. […] The most commonly accepted cause for this condition is seen to be an overuse syndrome in combination with intrinsic and extrinsic factors leading to what may be seen as a progressive interference or the failing of the innate healing response. […] Tendinopathy involves cellular apoptosis, matrix disorganization and neovascularization. […] Classic characteristics of „tendinosis” include degenerative changes in the collagenous matrix, hypercellularity, hypervascularity, and a lack of inflammatory cells which has challenged the original misnomer „tendinitis”. […] Histologic studies have demonstrated that this condition is the result of tendon degeneration, which causes normal tissue to be replaced by a disorganized arrangement of collagen.

• #31 Acute Tendinitis: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis & Treatments

  https://aidyourtendon.com/strain-injuries/acute-tendinitis.php

  overloading your arms can lead to Tendonitis of the elbows […] Overworking or overloading one area of the body can cause small microscope tears in the tendon. Your body responds by inflaming the tissue to try and heal it, creating a condition known as acute tendinitis. This is your body’s way of telling you that you’re putting too much stress on your muscle or joint. […] There are many causes of acute tendonitis, some of them include: Overusing / overloading your arm, shoulder, elbow or knee. This can happen to a retired person working in their garden too long, a well-trained athlete who is pushing themselves too much too soon (or who has poor technique), a factory worker who assembles parts with repetitive actions of the arms or wrist. […] People who are overweight are at a higher risk of developing tendonitis because the additional weight increases pressure on the tendons.

• #32 Tendonitis – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/a_to_z/tendonitis-a-to-z

  Tendons can be small, like the delicate, tiny bands in the hands, or large, like the heavy, ropelike cords that anchor the calf or thigh muscles. In most cases, the cause of tendonitis is unknown; when a cause can be identified, the condition usually happens for one of two reasons: […] Other causes include rheumatoid arthritis and reactive arthritis which may cause tendon as well as joint inflammation. Rarely, tendonitis is caused by an infection, such as gonorrhea. […] For uncertain reasons, tendonitis is also common in people with diabetes. In recent years, a rare cause of tendonitis (or other tendon disease, including rupture) has been recognized: the use of certain antibiotics, including ciprofloxacin or levofloxacin. Why this happens is unknown. […] Achilles tendonitis usually is caused by overuse, especially in sports that require running or repeated jumping, and it accounts for 15% of all running injuries. Achilles tendonitis also may be related to faulty running technique or to poorly fitting shoes, if the back of the shoe digs into the Achilles tendon above the heel. Less often, Achilles tendonitis is related to an inflammatory illness, such as ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, gout or rheumatoid arthritis.

• #33 Tendinitis and Tenosynovitis – Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/musculoskeletal-and-connective-tissue-disorders/bursa-muscle-and-tendon-disorders/tendinitis-and-tenosynovitis

  Tendinopathy usually results from repeated small tears or degenerative changes (sometimes with calcium deposits) that occur over years in the tendon. […] The cause of tendinitis is often unknown. It usually occurs in people who are middle-aged or older as the vascularity of tendons decreases; repetitive microtrauma may contribute. Repeated or extreme trauma (short of rupture), strain, and excessive or unaccustomed exercise probably also contribute. Some fluoroquinolone antibiotics may increase the risk of tendinopathy and tendon rupture. […] Risk of tendinitis may be increased by certain systemic disorders most commonly rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis, gout, reactive arthritis, and diabetes or, very rarely, amyloidosis or markedly elevated blood cholesterol levels. In younger adults, particularly women, disseminated gonococcal infection may cause acute migratory tenosynovitis in the absence of localizing genitourinary symptoms. Nontuberculous mycobacteria, such as Mycobacterium marinum, have a predilection to cause local chronic infection of peripheral tendons, resulting in symptoms of tenosynovitis. […] Fluoroquinolone antibiotic use has been associated with tendinopathies, including tendon rupture.

• #34 Tendinitis – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tendinitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20378243

  Tendinitis can be caused by a sudden injury. But repeating the same movement over time is a much more likely cause. Most people develop tendinitis because their jobs or hobbies involve motions that they repeat, over and over. This puts stress on tendons. […] Moving correctly is especially important when having to repeat movements for sports or a job. Moving incorrectly can overload the tendon and lead to tendinitis. […] Risk factors for developing tendinitis include age, having jobs that involve doing the same motion over and over, doing physical activities with poor form, and taking certain medicines. […] Certain medical conditions, such as diabetes, can increase the risk of tendinitis. Medications that may increase risk include antibiotics known as fluoroquinolines, corticosteroids such as cortisone, and aromatase inhibitors, used to lower breast cancer risk.

• #35 Tendinitis and Tenosynovitis – Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/musculoskeletal-and-connective-tissue-disorders/bursa-muscle-and-tendon-disorders/tendinitis-and-tenosynovitis

  Tendinopathy usually results from repeated small tears or degenerative changes (sometimes with calcium deposits) that occur over years in the tendon. […] The cause of tendinitis is often unknown. It usually occurs in people who are middle-aged or older as the vascularity of tendons decreases; repetitive microtrauma may contribute. Repeated or extreme trauma (short of rupture), strain, and excessive or unaccustomed exercise probably also contribute. Some fluoroquinolone antibiotics may increase the risk of tendinopathy and tendon rupture. […] Risk of tendinitis may be increased by certain systemic disorders most commonly rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis, gout, reactive arthritis, and diabetes or, very rarely, amyloidosis or markedly elevated blood cholesterol levels. In younger adults, particularly women, disseminated gonococcal infection may cause acute migratory tenosynovitis in the absence of localizing genitourinary symptoms. Nontuberculous mycobacteria, such as Mycobacterium marinum, have a predilection to cause local chronic infection of peripheral tendons, resulting in symptoms of tenosynovitis. […] Fluoroquinolone antibiotic use has been associated with tendinopathies, including tendon rupture.

• #36 Tendinitis and Tenosynovitis – Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/musculoskeletal-and-connective-tissue-disorders/bursa-muscle-and-tendon-disorders/tendinitis-and-tenosynovitis

  Tendinopathy usually results from repeated small tears or degenerative changes (sometimes with calcium deposits) that occur over years in the tendon. […] The cause of tendinitis is often unknown. It usually occurs in people who are middle-aged or older as the vascularity of tendons decreases; repetitive microtrauma may contribute. Repeated or extreme trauma (short of rupture), strain, and excessive or unaccustomed exercise probably also contribute. Some fluoroquinolone antibiotics may increase the risk of tendinopathy and tendon rupture. […] Risk of tendinitis may be increased by certain systemic disorders most commonly rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis, gout, reactive arthritis, and diabetes or, very rarely, amyloidosis or markedly elevated blood cholesterol levels. In younger adults, particularly women, disseminated gonococcal infection may cause acute migratory tenosynovitis in the absence of localizing genitourinary symptoms. Nontuberculous mycobacteria, such as Mycobacterium marinum, have a predilection to cause local chronic infection of peripheral tendons, resulting in symptoms of tenosynovitis. […] Fluoroquinolone antibiotic use has been associated with tendinopathies, including tendon rupture.

• #37 Tendon Injuries and Treatments | Arthritis Foundation

  https://www.arthritis.org/diseases/tendinitis

  Tendons can deteriorate over time, even in people who arent active. But for the most part, the same overuse, overloading and medications that lead to tendinitis also can cause tendinosis. […] High-intensity sports or overuse about half of all sports-related injuries involve a tendon […] Repetitive movements, including using a keyboard or mouse for hours without a break […] Older age […] Diabetes, which makes tendons thicker and more likely to tear. […] Statins, corticosteroids and fluroquinolone antibiotics, especially ciprofloxacin (Cipro). Taking both Cipro and steroids raises the risk of tendon rupture nearly 50-fold. […] Tenosynovitis can result from the same overuse and repetitive motion injuries as tendinitis and tendinosis, but it doesnt affect the Achilles tendon, which doesnt have a sheath. […] Tenosynovitis is also closely associated with diabetes, occurring in about 10% to 20% of people with the disease, and with autoimmune and inflammatory forms of arthritis.

• #38 Risk Factors and Causes of Wrist Tendonitis

  https://www.sports-health.com/sports-injuries/hand-and-wrist-injuries/risk-factors-and-causes-wrist-tendonitis

  Medications, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids (both tablets and injections). These medications may reduce the chances of tendon healing and weaken the structure of tendons if taken frequently or for long durations (more than 14 days). […] Wrist tendonitis may be caused by either an: […] Acute injury from falls, motor vehicle accidents, playing sports, and non-penetrating blunt injury may cause wrist tendonitis. In severe cases, the tendon may also tear. Acute tendon injury may cause pain, swelling, and stiffness in the tendon. […] Repetitive injury from playing sports or doing other activities may also cause wrist tendonitis. Repetitive injury may cause pain and stiffness in the tendon. The symptoms usually develop over a period of time and may worsen as the injury progresses. […] If left untreated, wrist tendonitis may progress to tendinosis – a chronic, non-inflammatory condition where the tendon begins to degenerate. Wrist tendinosis can also result from repetitive injury to a wrist tendon, such as from work or sports.

• #39 Tendinitis – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tendinitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20378243

  Tendinitis can be caused by a sudden injury. But repeating the same movement over time is a much more likely cause. Most people develop tendinitis because their jobs or hobbies involve motions that they repeat, over and over. This puts stress on tendons. […] Moving correctly is especially important when having to repeat movements for sports or a job. Moving incorrectly can overload the tendon and lead to tendinitis. […] Risk factors for developing tendinitis include age, having jobs that involve doing the same motion over and over, doing physical activities with poor form, and taking certain medicines. […] Certain medical conditions, such as diabetes, can increase the risk of tendinitis. Medications that may increase risk include antibiotics known as fluoroquinolines, corticosteroids such as cortisone, and aromatase inhibitors, used to lower breast cancer risk.

• #40 Tendonitis: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/10919-tendonitis

  Tendonitis (tendinitis) is the inflammation or irritation of a tendon that makes it swell. Tendons are strands of connective tissue between muscles and bones that help you move. This condition usually happens after a repetitive strain or overuse injury. […] What causes tendonitis? Causes of tendonitis could include: Overuse or repetitive movements over time (like running or throwing). Strain from sudden movements. An injury. […] In addition, tendonitis could be a side effect of a medication, including statins or drugs that lower cholesterol or fluoroquinolone antibiotics. Certain underlying medical conditions can also cause tendonitis, such as: Diabetes. Rheumatoid arthritis. Gout/pseudo gout. Osteoarthritis. An infection.

• #41 Tendon Injuries and Treatments | Arthritis Foundation

  https://www.arthritis.org/diseases/tendinitis

  Tendons can deteriorate over time, even in people who arent active. But for the most part, the same overuse, overloading and medications that lead to tendinitis also can cause tendinosis. […] High-intensity sports or overuse about half of all sports-related injuries involve a tendon […] Repetitive movements, including using a keyboard or mouse for hours without a break […] Older age […] Diabetes, which makes tendons thicker and more likely to tear. […] Statins, corticosteroids and fluroquinolone antibiotics, especially ciprofloxacin (Cipro). Taking both Cipro and steroids raises the risk of tendon rupture nearly 50-fold. […] Tenosynovitis can result from the same overuse and repetitive motion injuries as tendinitis and tendinosis, but it doesnt affect the Achilles tendon, which doesnt have a sheath. […] Tenosynovitis is also closely associated with diabetes, occurring in about 10% to 20% of people with the disease, and with autoimmune and inflammatory forms of arthritis.

• #42

  https://scholars.duke.edu/display/pub653048

  Tendonitis is a common diagnosis in sports medicine. The traditional view of tendonitis is a tendon injury resulting from repetitive mechanical load with a subsequent inflammatory response. […] Actual inflammation of tendon tissue consistent with tendonitis has not been seen clearly in patho-anatomic studies. Conclusive evidence confirming that repetitive mechanical load is a major etiologic factor could not be found. […] Other factors such as age and tendon vascularity have been consistently correlated with these injuries although their overall importance remains difficult to assess. […] It was concluded that much of the pathology and etiology of tendonitis remains unclear. The possibility must be considered that current treatment methods may not significantly affect the natural history.

• #43 Tendinosis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448174/

  The etiology of tendinosis is not well understood. Because it was previously thought to be the result of chronic tendinitis, it was hypothesized that chronic inflammation leads to structural tissue changes and tendon calcification. That description entirely mischaracterizes the types of tissue changes occurring in each process. Study results have shown elevated lactate levels within tendinitis sites, suggesting tissues experience hypoxia. Another model suggests the tendon cells fail to maintain homeostasis with exposure to pressure and thermal and ischemic changes. Multiple factors, including age, genetic predisposition, and comorbidities, can contribute to healing failure, increasing the risk of tendinosis. […] Tendinopathy is a failure of the healing cascade in which micro injuries occur more quickly than tissue repair. Traditionally, tendon injuries causing pain, swelling, reduced function, and potential histological changes have been classified as tendinitis for acute or subacute cases and tendinosis for chronic cases. Tendinopathy is commonly used as an umbrella term for acute and chronic tendinitis, tendon ruptures, and tenosynovitis, which is inflammation of the tendinous sheath and paratenon tissue. […] Tendinosis refers to a degenerative process within a tendon without histologic changes.

• #44 Etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of tendonitis: an analysis of the literature – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9710855/

  Tendonitis is a common diagnosis in sports medicine. The traditional view of tendonitis is a tendon injury resulting from repetitive mechanical load with a subsequent inflammatory response. […] Conclusive evidence confirming that repetitive mechanical load is a major etiologic factor could not be found. Similarly, strength deficits, inflexibility, and improper equipment have not been studied in a controlled prospective manner. Other factors such as age and tendon vascularity have been consistently correlated with these injuries although their overall importance remains difficult to assess. […] It was concluded that much of the pathology and etiology of tendonitis remains unclear. The possibility must be considered that current treatment methods may not significantly affect the natural history.

• #45 Tendinopathy – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tendinopathy

  Causes may include an injury or repetitive activities. […] Less common causes include infection, arthritis, gout, thyroid disease, and diabetes. […] Obesity, or more specifically, adiposity or fatness, has also been linked to an increasing incidence of tendinopathy. […] Quinolone antibiotics are associated with increased risk of tendinitis and tendon rupture. […] The most commonly accepted cause for this condition is seen to be an overuse syndrome in combination with intrinsic and extrinsic factors leading to what may be seen as a progressive interference or the failing of the innate healing response. […] Tendinopathy involves cellular apoptosis, matrix disorganization and neovascularization. […] Classic characteristics of „tendinosis” include degenerative changes in the collagenous matrix, hypercellularity, hypervascularity, and a lack of inflammatory cells which has challenged the original misnomer „tendinitis”. […] Histologic studies have demonstrated that this condition is the result of tendon degeneration, which causes normal tissue to be replaced by a disorganized arrangement of collagen.

• #46 Tendinosis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448174/

  The etiology of tendinosis is not well understood. Because it was previously thought to be the result of chronic tendinitis, it was hypothesized that chronic inflammation leads to structural tissue changes and tendon calcification. That description entirely mischaracterizes the types of tissue changes occurring in each process. Study results have shown elevated lactate levels within tendinitis sites, suggesting tissues experience hypoxia. Another model suggests the tendon cells fail to maintain homeostasis with exposure to pressure and thermal and ischemic changes. Multiple factors, including age, genetic predisposition, and comorbidities, can contribute to healing failure, increasing the risk of tendinosis. […] Tendinopathy is a failure of the healing cascade in which micro injuries occur more quickly than tissue repair. Traditionally, tendon injuries causing pain, swelling, reduced function, and potential histological changes have been classified as tendinitis for acute or subacute cases and tendinosis for chronic cases. Tendinopathy is commonly used as an umbrella term for acute and chronic tendinitis, tendon ruptures, and tenosynovitis, which is inflammation of the tendinous sheath and paratenon tissue. […] Tendinosis refers to a degenerative process within a tendon without histologic changes.

• #47 Tendinopathy – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tendinopathy

  Causes may include an injury or repetitive activities. […] Less common causes include infection, arthritis, gout, thyroid disease, and diabetes. […] Obesity, or more specifically, adiposity or fatness, has also been linked to an increasing incidence of tendinopathy. […] Quinolone antibiotics are associated with increased risk of tendinitis and tendon rupture. […] The most commonly accepted cause for this condition is seen to be an overuse syndrome in combination with intrinsic and extrinsic factors leading to what may be seen as a progressive interference or the failing of the innate healing response. […] Tendinopathy involves cellular apoptosis, matrix disorganization and neovascularization. […] Classic characteristics of „tendinosis” include degenerative changes in the collagenous matrix, hypercellularity, hypervascularity, and a lack of inflammatory cells which has challenged the original misnomer „tendinitis”. […] Histologic studies have demonstrated that this condition is the result of tendon degeneration, which causes normal tissue to be replaced by a disorganized arrangement of collagen.

• #48 Tendinosis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448174/

  The etiology of tendinosis is not well understood. Because it was previously thought to be the result of chronic tendinitis, it was hypothesized that chronic inflammation leads to structural tissue changes and tendon calcification. That description entirely mischaracterizes the types of tissue changes occurring in each process. Study results have shown elevated lactate levels within tendinitis sites, suggesting tissues experience hypoxia. Another model suggests the tendon cells fail to maintain homeostasis with exposure to pressure and thermal and ischemic changes. Multiple factors, including age, genetic predisposition, and comorbidities, can contribute to healing failure, increasing the risk of tendinosis. […] Tendinopathy is a failure of the healing cascade in which micro injuries occur more quickly than tissue repair. Traditionally, tendon injuries causing pain, swelling, reduced function, and potential histological changes have been classified as tendinitis for acute or subacute cases and tendinosis for chronic cases. Tendinopathy is commonly used as an umbrella term for acute and chronic tendinitis, tendon ruptures, and tenosynovitis, which is inflammation of the tendinous sheath and paratenon tissue. […] Tendinosis refers to a degenerative process within a tendon without histologic changes.

• #49 Tendinosis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448174/

  The etiology of tendinosis is not well understood. Because it was previously thought to be the result of chronic tendinitis, it was hypothesized that chronic inflammation leads to structural tissue changes and tendon calcification. That description entirely mischaracterizes the types of tissue changes occurring in each process. Study results have shown elevated lactate levels within tendinitis sites, suggesting tissues experience hypoxia. Another model suggests the tendon cells fail to maintain homeostasis with exposure to pressure and thermal and ischemic changes. Multiple factors, including age, genetic predisposition, and comorbidities, can contribute to healing failure, increasing the risk of tendinosis. […] Tendinopathy is a failure of the healing cascade in which micro injuries occur more quickly than tissue repair. Traditionally, tendon injuries causing pain, swelling, reduced function, and potential histological changes have been classified as tendinitis for acute or subacute cases and tendinosis for chronic cases. Tendinopathy is commonly used as an umbrella term for acute and chronic tendinitis, tendon ruptures, and tenosynovitis, which is inflammation of the tendinous sheath and paratenon tissue. […] Tendinosis refers to a degenerative process within a tendon without histologic changes.

• #50 Tendinopathy – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tendinopathy

  Causes may include an injury or repetitive activities. […] Less common causes include infection, arthritis, gout, thyroid disease, and diabetes. […] Obesity, or more specifically, adiposity or fatness, has also been linked to an increasing incidence of tendinopathy. […] Quinolone antibiotics are associated with increased risk of tendinitis and tendon rupture. […] The most commonly accepted cause for this condition is seen to be an overuse syndrome in combination with intrinsic and extrinsic factors leading to what may be seen as a progressive interference or the failing of the innate healing response. […] Tendinopathy involves cellular apoptosis, matrix disorganization and neovascularization. […] Classic characteristics of „tendinosis” include degenerative changes in the collagenous matrix, hypercellularity, hypervascularity, and a lack of inflammatory cells which has challenged the original misnomer „tendinitis”. […] Histologic studies have demonstrated that this condition is the result of tendon degeneration, which causes normal tissue to be replaced by a disorganized arrangement of collagen.

• #51 Tendinosis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448174/

  The etiology of tendinosis is not well understood. Because it was previously thought to be the result of chronic tendinitis, it was hypothesized that chronic inflammation leads to structural tissue changes and tendon calcification. That description entirely mischaracterizes the types of tissue changes occurring in each process. Study results have shown elevated lactate levels within tendinitis sites, suggesting tissues experience hypoxia. Another model suggests the tendon cells fail to maintain homeostasis with exposure to pressure and thermal and ischemic changes. Multiple factors, including age, genetic predisposition, and comorbidities, can contribute to healing failure, increasing the risk of tendinosis. […] Tendinopathy is a failure of the healing cascade in which micro injuries occur more quickly than tissue repair. Traditionally, tendon injuries causing pain, swelling, reduced function, and potential histological changes have been classified as tendinitis for acute or subacute cases and tendinosis for chronic cases. Tendinopathy is commonly used as an umbrella term for acute and chronic tendinitis, tendon ruptures, and tenosynovitis, which is inflammation of the tendinous sheath and paratenon tissue. […] Tendinosis refers to a degenerative process within a tendon without histologic changes.

• #52 Tendonitis (Tendinitis): Causes, Symptoms & Treatments | HSS

  https://www.hss.edu/condition-list_tendonitis.asp

  Tendonitis is most commonly caused by overuse (repetitive stress), but less often, it can also occur in areas where calcium deposits have developed. […] As people age, repetitive motion, such as from sports or work activities, can injure the tendon where it attaches to the bone, promoting an inflammatory response by the body. […] It is very important that you do not neglect persistent tendonitis, since recurring tendonitis can lead to degeneration of the tendon, known as tendinosis. […] In some cases, persistent tendon inflammation combined with overuse especially of the Achilles tendon or shoulder rotator cuff tendons may lead to weakening and subsequent rupture of the tendon.

• #53 Chronic Tendon Pain (Tendinosis) Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

  https://www.upmc.com/services/orthopaedics/conditions/chronic-tendon-pain

  Tendons are the tough fibers that connect your muscle to your bones. If you work them too hard, they can get inflamed. This is tendonitis. […] But physical trauma, like a fall or sports injury, can also damage the tendon. […] Overusing the tendon is the main cause of tendinosis. […] Activities or jobs that require you to put repeated stress on your tendons can cause tendinosis. […] Tendon problems are also more common in older adults because your joints become less flexible as you age. […] Chronic tendon pain happens most in: […] Risk factors for chronic tendon pain include: […] Without treatment, chronic tendon pain will only get worse. It can also lead to more severe injuries, such as partial or complete tendon tears.

• #54 Tendinitis: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001229.htm

  Tendinitis can occur as a result of injury or overuse. Playing sports is a common cause. Tendinitis also can occur with aging as the tendon loses elasticity. Body-wide (systemic) diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis or diabetes, can also lead to tendinitis. […] Tendinitis can occur in any tendon. Commonly affected sites include the: Elbow, Heel (Achilles tendinitis), Knee, Shoulder, Thumb, Wrist.

• #55 Tendonitis In Different Joints: Causes and Treatments | Los Angeles | Pacific Arthritis Care Center

  https://pacificarthritis.com/blog/tendonitis-in-different-joints-causes-and-treatments/

  Shoulder Tendonitis: Overuse, especially in activities involving repetitive overhead movements, is a common cause of shoulder tendonitis. Aging and degeneration of tendons also contribute. […] Elbow Tendonitis: Tennis elbow (lateral epicondylitis) and golfer’s elbow (medial epicondylitis) result from repetitive arm movements. […] Wrist Tendonitis: Overuse, particularly in activities involving repetitive wrist movements, can lead to wrist tendonitis. Inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis may also contribute. […] Hip Tendonitis: This condition often stems from overuse or strain, especially in activities involving the hip muscles. Aging and degeneration can also contribute to inflammation. […] Knee Tendonitis: Activities that involve repetitive bending of the knee, such as running or jumping, can lead to knee tendonitis. Conditions like osteoarthritis may also contribute.

• #56 Tendonitis – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/a_to_z/tendonitis-a-to-z

  Tendons can be small, like the delicate, tiny bands in the hands, or large, like the heavy, ropelike cords that anchor the calf or thigh muscles. In most cases, the cause of tendonitis is unknown; when a cause can be identified, the condition usually happens for one of two reasons: […] Other causes include rheumatoid arthritis and reactive arthritis which may cause tendon as well as joint inflammation. Rarely, tendonitis is caused by an infection, such as gonorrhea. […] For uncertain reasons, tendonitis is also common in people with diabetes. In recent years, a rare cause of tendonitis (or other tendon disease, including rupture) has been recognized: the use of certain antibiotics, including ciprofloxacin or levofloxacin. Why this happens is unknown. […] Achilles tendonitis usually is caused by overuse, especially in sports that require running or repeated jumping, and it accounts for 15% of all running injuries. Achilles tendonitis also may be related to faulty running technique or to poorly fitting shoes, if the back of the shoe digs into the Achilles tendon above the heel. Less often, Achilles tendonitis is related to an inflammatory illness, such as ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, gout or rheumatoid arthritis.

• #57 Achilles tendinitis – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/achilles-tendinitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20369020

  Achilles tendinitis is an injury of the Achilles (uh-KILL-eez) tendon. It can be caused by using it too much or too hard without enough rest, called overuse. Or it can develop without a clear cause. […] Repeated or intense strain on the Achilles tendon can cause Achilles tendinitis, though sometimes the cause is not clear. The Achilles tendon weakens with age. That can make it easier to injure. This is true for people who play sports only on the weekends or who start running farther, faster or longer without building up over time.

• #58 Achilles Tendinitis – OrthoInfo – AAOS

  https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases–conditions/achilles-tendinitis/

  Achilles tendinitis is typically not related to a specific injury. The problem results from repetitive stress to the tendon. This often happens when we push our bodies to do too much, too quickly. Other factors can also make a person more likely to develop Achilles tendinitis, including: […] A sudden increase in the amount or intensity of exercise activity. For example, increasing the distance you run every day by a few miles without giving your body a chance to adjust to the new distance may cause irritation and inflammation. […] Tight calf muscles. Calf muscle tightness puts extra stress on the Achilles tendon, especially where it inserts into the heel bone. […] Haglund’s deformity. This is a condition in which there is enlargement of the bone on the back of the heel. This can rub on the Achilles tendon and cause inflammation and pain.

• #59 Tendonitis In Different Joints: Causes and Treatments | Los Angeles | Pacific Arthritis Care Center

  https://pacificarthritis.com/blog/tendonitis-in-different-joints-causes-and-treatments/

  Shoulder Tendonitis: Overuse, especially in activities involving repetitive overhead movements, is a common cause of shoulder tendonitis. Aging and degeneration of tendons also contribute. […] Elbow Tendonitis: Tennis elbow (lateral epicondylitis) and golfer’s elbow (medial epicondylitis) result from repetitive arm movements. […] Wrist Tendonitis: Overuse, particularly in activities involving repetitive wrist movements, can lead to wrist tendonitis. Inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis may also contribute. […] Hip Tendonitis: This condition often stems from overuse or strain, especially in activities involving the hip muscles. Aging and degeneration can also contribute to inflammation. […] Knee Tendonitis: Activities that involve repetitive bending of the knee, such as running or jumping, can lead to knee tendonitis. Conditions like osteoarthritis may also contribute.

• #60 8 Different Types of Tendonitis: Causes and Treatments: Empire Physical Therapy & Athletic Rehabilitation, PC: Physical Therapists

  https://www.empirept.com/blog/8-different-types-of-tendonitis-causes-and-treatments

  Your tendons are sturdy tissue cords that connect your muscles to your bones and make you mobile. When your tendons become inflamed and painful, you have a condition called tendonitis. […] This type stems from inflammation of the rotator cuff, which keeps your arm in your shoulder socket. It develops from repetitive motions with your arms, particularly when you raise them above your head. […] Peroneal tendonitis is inflammation of either one or both of the tendons that attach your lower leg to your foot. […] Even though its common in people who play sports in which their ankles are worked repeatedly, you can also develop it if youre over 40, overweight or obese, or have naturally tight tendons. An injury, like a sprain, might also be the culprit. […] Certain conditions, like diabetes and osteoarthritis, can increase your risk, too.

• #61 Tendonitis In Different Joints: Causes and Treatments | Los Angeles | Pacific Arthritis Care Center

  https://pacificarthritis.com/blog/tendonitis-in-different-joints-causes-and-treatments/

  Shoulder Tendonitis: Overuse, especially in activities involving repetitive overhead movements, is a common cause of shoulder tendonitis. Aging and degeneration of tendons also contribute. […] Elbow Tendonitis: Tennis elbow (lateral epicondylitis) and golfer’s elbow (medial epicondylitis) result from repetitive arm movements. […] Wrist Tendonitis: Overuse, particularly in activities involving repetitive wrist movements, can lead to wrist tendonitis. Inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis may also contribute. […] Hip Tendonitis: This condition often stems from overuse or strain, especially in activities involving the hip muscles. Aging and degeneration can also contribute to inflammation. […] Knee Tendonitis: Activities that involve repetitive bending of the knee, such as running or jumping, can lead to knee tendonitis. Conditions like osteoarthritis may also contribute.

• #62 8 Different Types of Tendonitis: Causes and Treatments: Empire Physical Therapy & Athletic Rehabilitation, PC: Physical Therapists

  https://www.empirept.com/blog/8-different-types-of-tendonitis-causes-and-treatments

  This problem arises when you damage your inner ankle tendons, often due to overuse or a recent sprain or other injury. […] Your Achilles tendon connects your calf muscles on the back side of your lower leg to your heel bone. Most affected are runners who increase their mileage suddenly or weekend warriors over 40. […] Your hip flexor tendons allow you to lift your legs, but when these tendons become inflamed, you have hip tendonitis. The cause is often overworking these tendons doing activities like running and cycling without enough recovery time. […] Patellar tendonitis, or jumpers knee, develops when you overuse the patellar tendon, which connects your kneecap to your shin bone. It most often develops during sports in which you jump and land hard. […] This pain stems from the point where your forearm muscles connect with the bump on your inner elbow. […] Repetitive use of the forearm muscles of the outer elbow cause this type of tendonitis, so named because tennis players use this movement.

• #63 Tendonitis In Different Joints: Causes and Treatments | Los Angeles | Pacific Arthritis Care Center

  https://pacificarthritis.com/blog/tendonitis-in-different-joints-causes-and-treatments/

  Shoulder Tendonitis: Overuse, especially in activities involving repetitive overhead movements, is a common cause of shoulder tendonitis. Aging and degeneration of tendons also contribute. […] Elbow Tendonitis: Tennis elbow (lateral epicondylitis) and golfer’s elbow (medial epicondylitis) result from repetitive arm movements. […] Wrist Tendonitis: Overuse, particularly in activities involving repetitive wrist movements, can lead to wrist tendonitis. Inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis may also contribute. […] Hip Tendonitis: This condition often stems from overuse or strain, especially in activities involving the hip muscles. Aging and degeneration can also contribute to inflammation. […] Knee Tendonitis: Activities that involve repetitive bending of the knee, such as running or jumping, can lead to knee tendonitis. Conditions like osteoarthritis may also contribute.

• #64 Tendonitis (Tendinitis): Sign, Causes and Treatment | Ada

  https://ada.com/conditions/tendonitis/

  De Quervains tendonitis occurs due to overuse of the wrist, through repetitive activities such as typing or scanning. […] Shoulder tendonitis can develop through overuse and age, as well as by rubbing against bone to become inflamed. […] Biceps tendonitis can develop through overuse and age. […] Tendonitis in the foot, also known as posterior tibial tendonitis, occurs when the tendon connecting one of the calf muscles to the inside of the foot becomes damaged or inflamed. Posterior tibial tendonitis can occur because of an injury or overuse. […] Hamstring tendonitis is generally caused by excessive overuse. […] Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune condition which causes inflammation of joints and associated tissues. If tendons are affected, it can lead to inflammation and tendonitis.

• #65 Tendonitis (Tendinitis): Sign, Causes and Treatment | Ada

  https://ada.com/conditions/tendonitis/

  Tendonitis, or tendinitis, is a condition where tendons become swollen or inflamed. Tendons can become swollen, inflamed or damaged through injury or stresses created by overuse. […] The most common cause of tendonitis is overuse of or injury to the tendon. This can arise from a number of activities, which include: Playing sport or exercising, particularly with poor technique or equipment. Repeated use of tendons is thought to be the primary cause of tendonitis. Tendonitis linked to overuse of a joint is a form of repetitive strain injury. […] Achilles tendonitis is most often caused by overuse or sometimes by injury. […] Tennis elbow, also known as lateral epicondylitis, is caused by overuse of the tendons on the outside of the elbow. […] Patellar tendonitis, also known as jumpers knee, affects tendons connecting the kneecap to the shinbone. It is caused by repeated stresses to the knee, particularly when jumping on hard surfaces.

• #66 Tendonitis In Different Joints: Causes and Treatments | Los Angeles | Pacific Arthritis Care Center

  https://pacificarthritis.com/blog/tendonitis-in-different-joints-causes-and-treatments/

  Shoulder Tendonitis: Overuse, especially in activities involving repetitive overhead movements, is a common cause of shoulder tendonitis. Aging and degeneration of tendons also contribute. […] Elbow Tendonitis: Tennis elbow (lateral epicondylitis) and golfer’s elbow (medial epicondylitis) result from repetitive arm movements. […] Wrist Tendonitis: Overuse, particularly in activities involving repetitive wrist movements, can lead to wrist tendonitis. Inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis may also contribute. […] Hip Tendonitis: This condition often stems from overuse or strain, especially in activities involving the hip muscles. Aging and degeneration can also contribute to inflammation. […] Knee Tendonitis: Activities that involve repetitive bending of the knee, such as running or jumping, can lead to knee tendonitis. Conditions like osteoarthritis may also contribute.

• #67 Tendonitis (Tendinitis): Sign, Causes and Treatment | Ada

  https://ada.com/conditions/tendonitis/

  De Quervains tendonitis occurs due to overuse of the wrist, through repetitive activities such as typing or scanning. […] Shoulder tendonitis can develop through overuse and age, as well as by rubbing against bone to become inflamed. […] Biceps tendonitis can develop through overuse and age. […] Tendonitis in the foot, also known as posterior tibial tendonitis, occurs when the tendon connecting one of the calf muscles to the inside of the foot becomes damaged or inflamed. Posterior tibial tendonitis can occur because of an injury or overuse. […] Hamstring tendonitis is generally caused by excessive overuse. […] Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune condition which causes inflammation of joints and associated tissues. If tendons are affected, it can lead to inflammation and tendonitis.

• #68 Foot or Ankle Tendonitis | Orthopedics | Mercy Health

  https://www.mercy.com/health-care-services/orthopedics-sports-medicine-spine/specialties/foot-ankle/conditions/foot-ankle-tendonitis

  Foot or ankle tendonitis (also known as tendinitis) is inflammation of a tendon in the foot or ankle. Your ankle is one of the most common places to develop tendonitis because of the common repetitive motion in the joint area. […] The most common cause of foot or ankle tendonitis is overuse. […] Other causes of foot and ankle tendonitis include: An infection in the ankle or foot, Rheumatic disease such as gout or arthritis, A foot or ankle injury such as a sprain. […] Risk factors for tendonitis in the foot or ankle include: Sports that require repetitive movement, Sports that may lead to overuse of the ankle such as running, People over 40 are more likely to have tendonitis in the foot or ankle, Men are more likely to develop tendonitis in the foot or ankle, People who are overweight are more likely to develop tendonitis in the foot or ankle, People who wear worn out shoes that do not support the feet are more likely to develop tendonitis in the foot or ankle, Previous injuries to the tendons in the foot or ankle.

• #69 Tendinitis – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tendinitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20378243

  Tendinitis can be caused by a sudden injury. But repeating the same movement over time is a much more likely cause. Most people develop tendinitis because their jobs or hobbies involve motions that they repeat, over and over. This puts stress on tendons. […] Moving correctly is especially important when having to repeat movements for sports or a job. Moving incorrectly can overload the tendon and lead to tendinitis. […] Risk factors for developing tendinitis include age, having jobs that involve doing the same motion over and over, doing physical activities with poor form, and taking certain medicines. […] Certain medical conditions, such as diabetes, can increase the risk of tendinitis. Medications that may increase risk include antibiotics known as fluoroquinolines, corticosteroids such as cortisone, and aromatase inhibitors, used to lower breast cancer risk.

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• #71 Tendonitis

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/tendonitis/

  Tendonitis is usually caused by sudden, sharp movements or repetitive exercise, such as running, jumping or throwing. […] It can also be caused by repetitive movements, or having poor posture or technique while at work or when playing a sport. This is known as repetitive strain injury (RSI).

• #72 Tendinitis (tendonitis): Types, symptoms, causes, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/175596

  Tendinitis, also known as tendonitis, is the inflammation of a tendon. It usually occurs when a person overuses or injures a tendon during physical activity. […] Repetitive, overly strenuous exercise can cause tendon inflammation. This inflammation can occur anywhere in the body, including the elbows, ankles, or knees. […] Tendinitis is often the result of repeated stress or overuse, which could result from: making repetitive motions, such as typing for long periods; playing the same sport year-round; excessive exercise; increasing the intensity of exercise too quickly. […] Some people are more likely to get tendinitis than others. Risk factors include: Older age: Tendons become stiffer as a person ages, making them more susceptible to injury. […] Tendinitis is a common overuse injury that causes inflammation of a tendon. People who play sports or work in jobs that involve repetitive motions are at an increased risk of tendinitis.

• #73 Tendinitis – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tendinitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20378243

  Tendinitis can be caused by a sudden injury. But repeating the same movement over time is a much more likely cause. Most people develop tendinitis because their jobs or hobbies involve motions that they repeat, over and over. This puts stress on tendons. […] Moving correctly is especially important when having to repeat movements for sports or a job. Moving incorrectly can overload the tendon and lead to tendinitis. […] Risk factors for developing tendinitis include age, having jobs that involve doing the same motion over and over, doing physical activities with poor form, and taking certain medicines. […] Certain medical conditions, such as diabetes, can increase the risk of tendinitis. Medications that may increase risk include antibiotics known as fluoroquinolines, corticosteroids such as cortisone, and aromatase inhibitors, used to lower breast cancer risk.

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• #75 Tendonitis: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/10919-tendonitis

  Tendonitis (tendinitis) is the inflammation or irritation of a tendon that makes it swell. Tendons are strands of connective tissue between muscles and bones that help you move. This condition usually happens after a repetitive strain or overuse injury. […] What causes tendonitis? Causes of tendonitis could include: Overuse or repetitive movements over time (like running or throwing). Strain from sudden movements. An injury. […] In addition, tendonitis could be a side effect of a medication, including statins or drugs that lower cholesterol or fluoroquinolone antibiotics. Certain underlying medical conditions can also cause tendonitis, such as: Diabetes. Rheumatoid arthritis. Gout/pseudo gout. Osteoarthritis. An infection.

• #76 Tendinitis and Tenosynovitis – Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/musculoskeletal-and-connective-tissue-disorders/bursa-muscle-and-tendon-disorders/tendinitis-and-tenosynovitis

  Tendinopathy usually results from repeated small tears or degenerative changes (sometimes with calcium deposits) that occur over years in the tendon. […] The cause of tendinitis is often unknown. It usually occurs in people who are middle-aged or older as the vascularity of tendons decreases; repetitive microtrauma may contribute. Repeated or extreme trauma (short of rupture), strain, and excessive or unaccustomed exercise probably also contribute. Some fluoroquinolone antibiotics may increase the risk of tendinopathy and tendon rupture. […] Risk of tendinitis may be increased by certain systemic disorders most commonly rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis, gout, reactive arthritis, and diabetes or, very rarely, amyloidosis or markedly elevated blood cholesterol levels. In younger adults, particularly women, disseminated gonococcal infection may cause acute migratory tenosynovitis in the absence of localizing genitourinary symptoms. Nontuberculous mycobacteria, such as Mycobacterium marinum, have a predilection to cause local chronic infection of peripheral tendons, resulting in symptoms of tenosynovitis. […] Fluoroquinolone antibiotic use has been associated with tendinopathies, including tendon rupture.

• #77 Etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of tendonitis: an analysis of the literature – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9710855/

  Tendonitis is a common diagnosis in sports medicine. The traditional view of tendonitis is a tendon injury resulting from repetitive mechanical load with a subsequent inflammatory response. […] Conclusive evidence confirming that repetitive mechanical load is a major etiologic factor could not be found. Similarly, strength deficits, inflexibility, and improper equipment have not been studied in a controlled prospective manner. Other factors such as age and tendon vascularity have been consistently correlated with these injuries although their overall importance remains difficult to assess. […] It was concluded that much of the pathology and etiology of tendonitis remains unclear. The possibility must be considered that current treatment methods may not significantly affect the natural history.

• #78 Understanding Tendonitis: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention – Central Ohio Spine and Joint

  https://cospineandjoint.com/understanding-tendonitis-causes-symptoms-treatment-and-prevention/

  Tendonitis is a common yet often misunderstood condition that affects thousands of people worldwide. It occurs when tendons, the fibrous cords that connect muscles to bones, become inflamed or irritated due to repetitive motion, overuse, or injury. […] Various factors contribute to the development of tendonitis. Some of the primary causes and risk factors include: Repetitive Movements: Engaging in repetitive activities, such as typing, painting, or playing certain sports, can strain the tendons and lead to tendonitis over time. Overuse: Intense physical activity or exercise without adequate rest and recovery can put excessive strain on tendons, leading to inflammation. Age and Degeneration: As we age, tendons may lose some of their elasticity, making them more susceptible to injury and inflammation. Improper Technique: Using incorrect form during exercises or activities can place unnecessary stress on tendons, increasing the risk of tendonitis. Medical Conditions: Certain medical conditions like rheumatoid arthritis or diabetes can increase the likelihood of developing tendonitis.

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