Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Hepatitis: What It Is, Symptoms, Transmission & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/hepatitis

  Hepatitis happens when something causes inflammation in your liver. Treatment includes lifestyle changes, medication and a liver transplant. […] In general, treatments include: […] Lifestyle changes. Changes like avoiding alcohol, eating a variety of fruits and vegetables and getting extra rest help with the symptoms of hepatitis A and acute hepatitis B. […] Antivirals. This is treatment for chronic hepatitis B. Antivirals cant cure it. But taking them reduces the risk that youll spread hepatitis B to someone else and decreases the chances of causing complications. […] Direct-acting antivirals (DDA). These drugs can cure hepatitis C. […] Liver transplant. You may need a liver transplant if chronic hepatitis B leads to liver failure. […] That depends on the type of hepatitis that you have. For example, hepatitis A often goes away without medical treatment. Direct-acting antivirals can cure hepatitis C. And a liver transplant may cure chronic hepatitis B.

• #1 Hepatitis A – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hepatitis-a/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20367055

  No specific treatment exists for hepatitis A. Your body will clear the hepatitis A virus on its own. In most cases of hepatitis A, the liver heals within six months with no lasting damage. […] Hepatitis A treatment usually focuses on keeping comfortable and controlling symptoms. You may need to: […] Avoid alcohol and use medications with care. Your liver may have difficulty processing medications and alcohol. If you have hepatitis, don’t drink alcohol. It can cause liver damage. Talk to your health care provider about all the medications you take, including medications available without a prescription.

• #1

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-a

  There is no specific antiviral treatment for hepatitis A. Instead, the management of hepatitis A focuses on supportive care to relieve symptoms and ensure adequate hydration and nutrition. Recovery from symptoms following infection may be slow and can take several weeks or months. It is important to avoid unnecessary medications that can adversely affect the liver, e.g. acetaminophen, paracetamol. […] Hospitalization is unnecessary in the absence of severe disease or acute liver failure. Therapy is aimed at maintaining comfort and adequate nutritional balance, including replacement of fluids that are lost from vomiting and diarrhoea.

• #1 Treatment of Hepatitis B | Hepatitis B | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-b/treatment/index.html

  People with hepatitis B can live healthy and normal lives; it is important to see a doctor to optimize your care. […] There are medications available for chronic hepatitis B called antivirals, but not everyone needs them. […] If you are diagnosed with hepatitis B, see your doctor to determine the best treatment for you. […] The treatment your doctor will recommend depends on whether you have acute or chronic hepatitis B. […] Currently, there’s no medicine available for acute hepatitis B. […] There are several medications approved to treat people who have chronic hepatitis B, and new drugs are in development. […] For some people with hepatitis B, these medications can prevent severe liver disease. […] However, not every person with chronic hepatitis B needs medication, and the drugs may cause side effects in some people. […] People who start hepatitis B treatment may need to take medication for the rest of their lives because these medications do not lead to a cure. […] People with hepatitis B can live a normal and healthy life.

• #1 Hepatitis B: What It Is, Symptoms, Transmission & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4246-hepatitis-b

  Hepatitis B is a viral infection that damages your liver. […] Treatment is medication to reduce the risk that the virus will spread or cause complications. […] Theres no cure for hepatitis B. But there are medications that can make the virus inactive. Inactive hepatitis B means you have the virus. But inactive viruses cant spread. […] Your treatment will be different depending on your situation. Treatments may include: […] Prophylactic treatment is when healthcare providers give you medication to prevent a disease. Providers prescribe prophylactic treatment if you were exposed to the virus within the past 24 hours. […] Theres no specific treatment for acute hepatitis B. […] Chronic hepatitis B treatment varies depending on your symptoms and your overall health. Treatment options are:

• #1 Hepatitis B – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hepatitis-b/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20366821

  Diagnosis involves the steps that your healthcare professional takes to find out if you have hepatitis B. […] Blood tests can detect the hepatitis B virus in your body. […] If you know you’ve been exposed to the hepatitis B virus, call a healthcare professional right away. […] Medicine called immunoglobulin may help protect you from getting sick with hepatitis B. […] You might not need treatment for an acute hepatitis B virus infection. […] Most people with chronic hepatitis B virus infection need treatment for the rest of their lives. […] Treatment helps lower the risk of liver disease and prevents you from passing the infection to others. […] Treatment for chronic hepatitis B may include: […] Many antiviral medicines can help fight the virus and slow its ability to damage your liver. […] Interferon mainly is used for young people with hepatitis B who wish to not need long-term treatment. […] If your liver has been badly damaged, a liver transplant may be an option. […] Other medicines to treat hepatitis B are being developed.

• #1 Hepatitis B Foundation: Approved Drugs for Adults

  https://www.hepb.org/treatment-and-management/treatment/approved-drugs-for-adults/

  There are currently seven approved drugs in the U.S. for adults living with chronic hepatitis B infection. These include five types of antiviral drugs that are taken as a pill once a day for one year or longer. And there are two types of immune modulator drugs called interferon that are given as an injection for six months to a year. […] It’s important to know that not everyone needs to be treated. A liver specialist (or a provider who is knowledgeable about hepatitis B) should evaluate your health through a physical exam, blood tests and an imaging study of your liver (ultrasound, FibroScan [Transient Elastography] or CT scan). Then you can discuss together whether you are a good candidate for treatment since the approved drugs are most effective when there are signs of active liver disease.

• #1 Hepatitis B Foundation: Approved Drugs for Adults

  https://www.hepb.org/treatment-and-management/treatment/approved-drugs-for-adults/

  All adults, however, should be seen regularly by a liver specialist (or care provider who is knowledgeable about hepatitis B) whether they are on treatment or not. […] Tenofovir disoproxil (Viread) is a pill taken once a day, with few side effects, for at least one year or longer. This is considered a first-line treatment with an excellent resistance profile. (Approved in 2008) […] Tenofovir alafenamide (Vemlidy) is a pill taken once a day, with few side effects, for at least one year or longer. This is considered a first-line treatment with an excellent resistance profile. (Approved in 2016) […] Entecavir (Baraclude) is a pill taken once a day, with few side effects, for at least one year or longer. This is considered a first-line treatment with an excellent resistance profile. (Approved in 2005)

• #1 Hepatitis B Treatment: What We Know Now and What Remains to Be Researched

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6312657/

  Currently, two types of treatment, IFNs and NAs, are approved for chronic HBV infection. […] A 1-year course of pegylated IFN results in higher rates of HBeAg seroconversion (~30% versus 10%–21%) and HBsAg loss (3% versus 1%–3%) than the same duration of ETV, TDF, or TAF therapy in patients who are HBeAg-positive despite lower rates of undetectable HBV DNA (25% versus 61%–76%). […] Response to IFN is more durable, and rates of HBeAg and HBsAg loss continue to increase after cessation of treatment, whereas viral relapse is universal when NA is discontinued after 1 year of therapy. […] NAs are taken orally and have negligible side effects but need to be administered for many years and in some patients for life. […] Guidelines recommend that NA treatment should be continued indefinitely in patients with cirrhosis prior to the start of treatment.

• #1 Core Concepts – When to Initiate HBV Treatment – Treatment of HBV – Hepatitis B Online

  https://www.hepatitisb.uw.edu/go/hbv/initial-treatment/core-concept/all

  The presence of at least moderate liver necroinflammation or fibrosis warrants initiation of HBV treatment. […] The evidence base for the beneficial impact of HBV-active antiviral therapy on reducing the risk of adverse clinical outcomes, such as hepatic decompensation or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is particularly compelling for patients with cirrhosis. […] The decision to treat persons with chronic HBV therefore typically incorporates the following three factors: (1) fibrosis status assessed by either non-invasive methods or biopsy, (2) evidence of hepatic inflammation, as measured by alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, and (3) ongoing HBV replication as indicated by serum HBV DNA levels. […] Treatment is recommended for persons with immune-active disease. […] Treatment is recommended for all persons with cirrhosis, regardless of HBV DNA level, HBeAg status, or ALT levels.

• #1

  https://journals.lww.com/hep/fulltext/2016/01000/aasld_guidelines_for_treatment_of_chronic.32.aspx

  Overall, all NAs have an excellent safety profile across a wide spectrum of persons with CHB, including those with decompensated cirrhosis and transplant recipients. […] The AASLD recommends antiviral therapy for adults with immune-active CHB (HBeAg negative or HBeAg positive) to decrease the risk of liver-related complications. […] The AASLD recommends PegIFN, entecavir, or tenofovir as preferred initial therapy for adults with immune-active CHB. […] The AASLD recommends against antiviral therapy for adults with immune-tolerant CHB. […] The AASLD suggests that ALT levels be tested at least every 6 months for adults with immune-tolerant CHB to monitor for potential transition to immune-active or inactive CHB. […] The AASLD suggests antiviral therapy in the select group of adults 40 years of age with normal ALT and elevated HBV DNA (1,000,000 IU/mL) and liver biopsy showing significant necroinflammation or fibrosis.

• #1

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-b

  There is no specific treatment for acute hepatitis B. Chronic hepatitis B can be treated with medicines. […] Chronic hepatitis B infection can be treated with oral medicines, including tenofovir or entecavir. […] Treatment can slow the advance of cirrhosis, reduce cases of liver cancer, improve long term survival. […] Most people who start hepatitis B treatment must continue it for life. […] With the updated Hepatitis B Guidelines, it is estimated that more than 50% of people with chronic hepatitis B infection will require treatment, depending on setting and eligibility criteria. […] In low-income settings, most people with liver cancer present late in the course of the disease and die within months of diagnosis. In high-income countries, patients present to hospital earlier in the course of the disease and have access to surgery and chemotherapy, which can prolong life for several months to a few years. Liver transplantation is sometimes used in people with cirrhosis or liver cancer in technologically advanced countries, with varying success.

• #1 Treatment of Hepatitis C | Hepatitis C | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-c/treatment/index.html

  Hepatitis C can be cured. […] Treatment that cures hepatitis C is available. […] Early treatment can prevent serious complications like liver scarring, liver cancer and death. […] If you have hepatitis C, talk to your doctor about treatment right away. Don’t delay. […] Safe and highly effective treatments that can cure hepatitis C have been available since 2014, yet few people receive treatment within a year of diagnosis. […] If you are diagnosed with hepatitis C, talk to your doctor right away about getting treatment that is right for you. […] If you don’t get treated right away, chronic hepatitis C can cause severe liver damage, liver cancer, and even death. […] There are oral medications (pills) available called direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) that cure more than 95% of people in just 8-12 weeks. […] If you are being treated for hepatitis C, talk to your doctor if you have any of the following symptoms. […] If you are diagnosed with hepatitis C and receiving treatment you should eat a well-balanced diet, exercise regularly, and avoid excessive alcohol intake.

• #1

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/hepatitis-c/treatment/

  Hepatitis C can often be treated successfully by taking medicines for several weeks. […] If the infection continues for several months, known as chronic hepatitis, treatment will usually be recommended. […] Treatment for chronic hepatitis C (those infected for 6 months or more) involves: tablets to fight the virus, a test to see if your liver is damaged, lifestyle changes to prevent further damage. […] You’ll be offered the medicine most appropriate for your type of hepatitis C. […] During treatment, you should have blood tests to check that your medicine is working. […] If it’s not, you may be advised to try another medicine. […] At the end of your treatment, you’ll have a blood test to see if the virus has been cleared and a second blood test 12 or 24 weeks after treatment has stopped.

• #1 Simplified HCV Treatment* for Treatment-Naive Adults Without Cirrhosis | HCV Guidance

  https://www.hcvguidelines.org/treatment-naive/simplified-treatment

  HCV Guidance: Recommendations for Testing, Managing, and Treating Hepatitis C […] Adults with chronic hepatitis C (any genotype) who do not have cirrhosis and have not previously received hepatitis C treatment […] Recommended Regimens: Glecaprevir (300 mg) / pibrentasvir (120 mg) to be taken with food for a duration of 8 weeks […] Sofosbuvir (400 mg) / velpatasvir (100 mg) for a duration of 12 weeks […] Assessment of quantitative HCV RNA and a hepatic function panel are recommended 12 weeks or later following completion of therapy to confirm HCV RNA is undetectable (virologic cure) and transaminase normalization […] Patients in whom initial HCV treatment fails to achieve cure (SVR) should be evaluated for retreatment by a specialist, in accordance with AASLD/IDSA guidance.

• #1 Treatment – The Hepatitis C Trust

  https://www.hepctrust.org.uk/about-hep-c/treatment/

  Hepatitis C is curable. 97% of people who receive treatment for hepatitis C make a full recovery. […] There are several different drug treatments for hepatitis C. The treatment your specialist care team recommend will depend upon how long you have had the virus, your health, your wishes and the genotype (variation) of the virus. […] Hepatitis C can be treated with a course of one or more medicines that stop the virus from multiplying inside the body. When the virus is unable to make copies of itself, it will eventually die. This type of medication is called direct acting antivirals (DAA). […] Drug treatment for hepatitis C is taken in tablet form, typically for between 8 to 12 weeks. […] Treatment for hepatitis C is simple. It usually involves taking tablets daily for 8 to 12 weeks.

• #1 Initial Treatment of Adults with HCV Infection | HCV Guidance

  https://www.hcvguidelines.org/treatment-naive

  Initial treatment of HCV infection includes patients with chronic hepatitis C who have not been previously treated with interferon, peginterferon, ribavirin, or any HCV direct-acting antiviral (DAA) agent, whether investigational, or US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved. […] Simplification of the treatment regimen may expand the number of healthcare professionals who prescribe antiviral therapy and increase the number of persons treated. […] Recommended regimens are those that are favored for most patients in a given group, based on optimal efficacy, favorable tolerability and toxicity profiles, and treatment duration. […] Patients receiving antiviral therapy require careful pretreatment assessment for comorbidities that may influence treatment response or regimen selection.

• #1 Hepatitis C Medications: An Overview for Patients – Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease

  https://www.hepatitis.va.gov/products/treatment-update.asp

  Hepatitis B virus can flare in patients who are co-infected with hepatitis B and hepatitis C and are taking medication for hepatitis C. This has been reported as a potential risk for patients who are taking hepatitis C treatment and have underlying hepatitis B as well. […] Currently, there are no vaccines to prevent hepatitis C. Once a person is infected, the only way to treat it is with prescribed antiviral medications. […] A transplant provides a new working liver, but a transplant does not get rid of the hepatitis C virus in the patient. Patients with a liver transplant still need antiviral medication to cure their virus.

• #1 Medical Treatment for Hepatitis | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/hepatitis/treatments/medical-treatment-for-hepatitis

  For people with hepatitis C, the goal of treatment with antiviral medication is to prevent the virus from replicating, or copying itself, and to eliminate the virus from the bloodstream. […] The arrival of effective medications with fewer side effects may allow many more people with chronic hepatitis C to begin treatment and become disease-free. […] After people with hepatitis C finish their course of antiviral medication and blood tests reveal no evidence of the C virus for at least six months, they are considered cured. […] Doctors can treat chronic hepatitis D with injections of a medication known as pegylated interferon, but the rate of long-term success of this treatment is limited. […] For chronic hepatitis E, which occurs almost exclusively in transplant recipients and other people with compromised immune systems, doctors sometimes recommend ribavirin.

• #1 Current Therapy of Chronic Viral Hepatitis B, C and D

  https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/13/6/964

  Pegylated IFN is approved for the treatment of hepatitis B and is also effective against HDV. HDV RNA levels can be suppressed by up to 47% via standard IFN or PEG-IFN therapy. In the two large, controlled, and prospective HIDIT studies, the response rate at the end of therapy was 23–48%. Twenty-four weeks after the end of therapy, only about 25% of patients had negative HDV RNA. During the long-term follow-up, however, about 50% of the patients had a late HDV RNA relapse. Successful IFN therapy is associated with a more favorable long-term course, as the risk of developing clinical complications of liver cirrhosis was lower in these patients. When a loss in HBsAg was achieved, a very favorable long-term course could be observed. […] Nucleoside/nucleotide analogues against HBV have no direct antiviral activity against HDV. There are negative studies for famciclovir, lamivudine, entecavir, and adefovir. Likewise, TDF in combination with PEG-IFN showed no additional effect compared to PEG-IFN alone. Nevertheless, it can be assumed that the therapy principles recommended for HBV monoinfection are also applicable for HDV/HBV coinfection. In the majority of cases, however, patients with hepatitis D have low HBV DNA levels, and will not benefit from HBV DNA suppression.

• #1 Current Therapy of Chronic Viral Hepatitis B, C and D

  https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/13/6/964

  BLV/PEG-IFN combination therapy for 48 weeks was also studied. The median drop in HDV RNA was greater in the BLV/PEG-IFN group compared to the PEG-IFN or BLV group. A total of 53.3% of patients in the BLV 2 mg/PEG-IFN group and 26.7% of patients in the BLV 5 mg/PEG-IFN group were HDV-RNA-negative 24 weeks after the end of therapy. Additional data from a study with 10 mg BLV/PEG-IFNα-2a or 10 mg BLV/TDF for 48 weeks showed that 86.7% of patients in the BLV/PEG-IFN group had undetectable HDV RNA at the end of therapy compared to 40% in the BLV/TDF group. Only combination therapy with PEG-IFN led to a decrease in HBsAg levels, while monotherapy with bulevirtide had no such effect. After the cessation of antiviral therapy, a rebound of HDV RNA was found in the majority of patients. […] In general, therapy for chronic viral hepatitis has improved significantly in the last two decades. The introduction of DAAs has revolutionized the treatment of chronic hepatitis C, as almost every patient can be cured from this infection with few, if any, side effects. Therefore, it is highly unlikely that new therapeutic developments will be seen for this entity in the future. The situation in hepatitis B is more complex, as chronic infection and disease progression can be controlled in most patients via the use of antivirals. A “functional cure”, however, is achievable in only a minority of treated individuals with the currently licensed drugs. In this case, a number of promising new therapeutic approaches are currently under investigation that are aiming to reach this goal. Finally, chronic hepatitis D remains the most challenging type of chronic viral hepatitis. While a novel compound has recently been licensed for the treatment of this disease, the overall results to control this infection and prevent disease progression are still not satisfactory. Here, further therapeutic approaches are desperately needed in the future.

• #1 Hepatitis

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/hepatitis/

  Hepatitis A usually passes within a few months, although it can occasionally be severe and even life threatening. […] There’s no specific treatment for it, other than to relieve symptoms like pain, nausea and itching. […] Most people infected as children develop a long-term infection. This is known as chronic hepatitis B, and can lead to cirrhosis and liver cancer. Antiviral medicine can be used to treat it. […] Chronic hepatitis C can be treated with very effective antiviral medicines, but there’s currently no vaccine available. […] Long-term infection with hepatitis D and hepatitis B can increase your risk of developing serious problems, such as cirrhosis and liver cancer. […] Stopping drinking will usually allow your liver to recover, but there’s a risk you could eventually develop cirrhosis, liver failure or liver cancer if you continue to drink alcohol excessively. […] Treatment for autoimmune hepatitis involves very effective medicines that suppress the immune system and reduce inflammation.

• #1 Viral hepatitis: symptoms, treatment, prevention – Institut Pasteur

  https://www.pasteur.fr/en/medical-center/disease-sheets/viral-hepatitis?language=fr

  Hepatitis B is one of the most prevalent human diseases. It is estimated that 2 billion people have been infected by the virus, including over 254 million people living with chronic HBV infection, able to transmit the virus over many years. Chronic carriers have a high risk of dying from cirrhosis or liver cancer. These diseases cause about 1.1 million deaths annually. […] There is no specific treatment for acute hepatitis that improves the chances of recovery. The efficacy of so-called hepatoprotective products in other words products to protect the liver has not been proven. An infected person must wait until his or her own defense system naturally overcomes the virus. […] In people with high risk of chronic liver diseases, chronic HBV infection is treated with antiviral drugs such as Tenofovir or Entecavir.

• #1 Hepatitis – symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/hepatitis

  Hepatitis means inflammation of your liver. […] Hepatitis can be diagnosed with blood tests. […] How is hepatitis treated? […] If you think you could have hepatitis A, talk to your doctor straight away. You can get a treatment which can stop hepatitis A. […] The most common medicines for hepatitis B are antiviral tablets. You take these every day for a year or more. […] Medicines called direct-acting antivirals can cure hepatitis C. You’ll need to take the tablets for 8 to 12 weeks. […] For most people there are no treatments that work well. The current medicines for hepatitis B do not work. Some people have successfully used pegylated interferon alpha (PEG IFN-). […] Severe infections may need treatment with antiviral therapy to stop you getting liver failure.

• #1 Viral Hepatitis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Acute Hepatitis A, Acute Hepatitis B

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/775507-treatment

  The American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) indicate that adults with hepatitis C without cirrhosis and who have not been treated previously are eligible for simplified treatment. […] Recommended regimens include Glecaprevir 300 mg / pibrentasvir 120 mg for 8 weeks, taken with food and Sofosbuvir 400 mg / velpatasvir 100 mg for 12 weeks. […] Treatment of patients coinfected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis delta virus (HDV) has not been well studied. […] The only effective treatment for HBV/HDV coinfection is pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN). […] Treatment of patients infected with hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is supportive in nature.

• #1 Hepatitis B Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Pharmacologic Management, Surgical Intervention

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/177632-treatment

  Antiviral therapy is not recommended for HBeAg-positive children aged 2 years up to 18 years who have persistently normal ALT, regardless of the HBV DNA level. […] In individuals with HBV/human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection, the AASLD recommends initiating ART in all those with evidence of severe chronic liver disease, regardless of CD4 count, as well as those with a CD4 count of 500 cells/mm3 or below, regardless of their liver disease stage. […] Patients with hepatitis B disease and fulminant hepatic failure should be hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU) and be considered for liver transplantation in the event that they do not recover. […] The recommendations below are from the 2018 AASLD guidance update. HBsAg-positive patients should receive counseling about the prevention of HBV transmission to others.

• #1 Hepatitis B treatment for people with HIV | aidsmap

  https://www.aidsmap.com/about-hiv/hepatitis-b-treatment-people-hiv

  There is currently no treatment that cures a majority of people with hepatitis B. Researchers are working on new types of treatment including direct-acting antivirals that attack different steps of the hepatitis B lifecycle and drugs that improve immune response. […] In the meantime, ongoing treatment that lowers hepatitis B viral load and inflammation reduces the likelihood of developing cirrhosis and liver cancer. Most people can even see some improvement or reversal of existing liver damage. […] The antiviral medications most often used to treat hepatitis B are generally safe and well-tolerated. […] Guidelines recommend that all people with HIV and hepatitis B co-infection should use combination antiretroviral therapy containing tenofovir plus either lamivudine or emtricitabine. These drugs are active against both HIV and hepatitis B.

• #1 Hepatitis B Treatment – Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease

  https://www.hepatitis.va.gov/hbv/patient/treat.asp

  There is no cure for HBV at this time, but treatment can stop the virus from replicating and triggering liver damage. HBV treatments lower the risk of developing cirrhosis and liver cancer. […] Treatment is an oral antiviral medication. In rare cases, injections may be used. […] There are five oral medications approved by the FDA. […] Of these, tenofovir and entecavir are most commonly used. Uncommon adverse effects can include nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, headache, fatigue, and dizziness. Talk with your provider if you experience any of these adverse effects. […] Medications for hepatitis B are: Easy to tolerate without many side effects, Taken by mouth once per day, Usually taken indefinitely. […] Patients who have both chronic HBV and HIV are typically on an HIV medication that includes drugs that treat HBV. If your HIV medication does not contain at least two drugs that work against HBV, your provider may prescribe an additional medication.

• #1

  https://journals.lww.com/hep/fulltext/2016/01000/aasld_guidelines_for_treatment_of_chronic.32.aspx

  The AASLD suggests indefinite antiviral therapy for adults with HBeAg-negative immune-active CHB, unless there is a competing rationale for treatment discontinuation. […] The AASLD suggests that adults with compensated cirrhosis and low levels of viremia (2,000 IU/mL) be treated with antiviral therapy to reduce the risk of decompensation, regardless of ALT level. […] The AASLD recommends that HBsAg-positive adults with decompensated cirrhosis be treated with antiviral therapy indefinitely regardless of HBV DNA level, HBeAg status, or ALT level to decrease risk of worsening liver-related complications. […] The AASLD suggests antiviral therapy to reduce the risk of perinatal transmission of hepatitis B in HBsAg-positive pregnant women with an HBV DNA level 200,000 IU/mL. […] The AASLD suggests antiviral therapy in HBeAg-positive children (ages 2 to 18 years) with both elevated ALT and measurable HBV DNA levels, with the goal of achieving sustained HBeAg seroconversion.

• #1 Hepatitis Diagnosis, Tests, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/hepatitis/understanding-hepatitis-treatment

  If you are pregnant, your doctor will test you for hepatitis B; if you are infected with the virus, your baby will be given immune globulin shots and a hepatitis vaccination. This will help protect your baby from contracting the virus. In addition, it may be recommended that a mother with active HBV receive treatment with an antiviral medication during the third trimester of pregnancy.

• #1 Current Therapy of Chronic Viral Hepatitis B, C and D

  https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/13/6/964

  In rare cases, the activation of an HBV infection has been observed during pregnancy that can also lead to acute liver failure. In most patients, however, the attenuation of inflammatory activity is seen. After pregnancy, ALT flares can occur in the first 3–6 months after birth. Therefore, ALT and HBV DNA levels should be controlled in HBsAg-positive pregnant women every 3 months until 6 months after birth. In the case of a patient becoming pregnant during antiviral treatment with an NUC or PEG-IFN, therapy with LAM, TVD, and TDF can be continued while PEG-IFN should be stopped, and ETV or ADF should be switched to TDF. In therapy-naïve women initiation of antiviral treatment should be considered when active hepatitis has been diagnosed or HBV DNA > 200,000 IU/mL has been detected. It has been demonstrated that a high viral load increases the vertical mother-to-child transmission of HBV by up to 32%, while this risk is minimized when HBV DNA is suppressed < 200,000 IU/mL. Therefore, antiviral treatment should not be initiated when HBV DNA is below this level. De novo antiviral treatment should be started as early as possible after the first trimester, preferably using TDF, and the patient should be informed about the possible risks and benefits. NUC therapy can be stopped after birth in the absence of a medical indication (e.g., inactive hepatitis) or to prevent the transfer of toxic metabolites during breast feeding; however, it has been demonstrated that breast feeding is safe when TDF is used as an antiviral agent.

• #1 Hepatitis B Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Pharmacologic Management, Surgical Intervention

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/177632-treatment

  Adults with immune-active chronic hepatitis B infection (ie, ALT 2 times the upper limit of normal [ULN] or significant histologic disease and HBeAg negative [HBV DNA 2,000 IU/mL] or HBeAg positive [HBV DNA 20,000 IU/mL]) should be administered antiviral therapy to lower the risk of morbidity and mortality associated with chronic hepatitis B infection. […] The recommended initial agent for adults is PEG-IFN, entecavir, or tenofovir. […] Antiviral therapy is not recommended for noncirrhotic individuals who are HBeAg negative and who have normal ALT activity and low-level viremia ( 2,000 U/mL; inactive chronic hepatitis B). […] For HBeAg-positive children aged 2 years up to 18 years who have both elevated ALT and detectable HBV DNA levels, the AASLD suggests antiviral therapy, with the goal of achieving sustained HBeAg seroconversion.

• #1 Hepatitis C treatment | CATIE – Canada’s source for HIV and hepatitis C information

  https://www.catie.ca/hepatitis-c-an-in-depth-guide/hepatitis-c-treatment

  Treatment usually involves taking one to three pills once a day for eight or 12 weeks, depending on the specific combination of DAAs prescribed. […] Side effects are generally mild to moderate and tend to diminish or stop after a few weeks. […] Common side effects of DAAs include headache, tiredness (fatigue), nausea and diarrhea. […] When someone is cured of hepatitis C, it means that the hepatitis C virus is no longer in their body. […] To confirm if someone is cured, a blood test is performed 12 weeks after the person completes hepatitis C treatment. […] If a persons liver is severely injured, they may need to get a liver transplant before being treated for hepatitis C. […] Hepatitis C treatments are highly effective, including for people with cirrhosis. […] There are treatments that are highly effective at curing hepatitis C in people who are treatment experienced. […] Hepatitis C treatment for children over the age of three is available in Canada. […] Hepatitis C treatment is generally not recommended during pregnancy, as there is very little information on the effects of DAAs during pregnancy.

• #1 Hepatitis B Treatment: What We Know Now and What Remains to Be Researched

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6312657/

  The goals of hepatitis B treatment are to prevent the development of cirrhosis, liver failure, HCC, and HBV-related deaths. […] Indications for treatment depend on the activity and severity of liver disease at presentation; for those with no cirrhosis at presentation, indications for treatment depend on the predicted risk of cirrhosis or HCC in the future. […] The American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD), the Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL), and the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) guidelines recommend antiviral treatment for patients with decompensated cirrhosis regardless of HBV DNA or ALT levels. […] Treatment is also recommended for patients with compensated cirrhosis and detectable serum HBV DNA regardless of ALT level.

• #1 Current Therapy of Chronic Viral Hepatitis B, C and D

  https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/13/6/964

  Every patient with a replicative HCV infection should be treated with antiviral therapy, provided that she or he will benefit from this treatment with respect to morbidity or mortality; when life expectancy is very limited, de novo therapy makes little, if any, sense, however. In the case of an initial diagnosis of HCV infection with the typical constellation of a chronic infection, antiviral therapy can be started immediately. Elevated transaminases and/or evidence of fibrosis are not necessary conditions. For patients with advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis, there is an urgent indication for treatment. Extrahepatic manifestations, professional reasons, the elimination of the risk of transmission, coinfections with HBV or HIV, and a patient’s desire for treatment are also indications for treatment.

• #1 The scientific basis of combination therapy for chronic hepatitis B functional cure | Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41575-022-00724-5

  Functional cure of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) or hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss after 24 weeks off therapy is now the goal of treatment, but is rarely achieved with current therapy. […] Understanding the hepatitis B virus (HBV) life cycle and immunological defects that lead to persistence can identify targets for novel therapy. Broadly, treatments fall into three categories: those that reduce viral replication, those that reduce antigen load and immunotherapies. […] Combining nucleos(t)ide analogues and immunotherapy reduces qHBsAg levels and induces HBsAg loss in some patients, particularly those with low baseline qHBsAg levels. […] Thus, rationale exists for the use of combinations of all three therapy types. […] We consider various paths to functional cure of CHB and the need to individualize treatment of this heterogeneous infection until a therapeutic avenue for all patients with CHB is available.

• #1 New treatment for Chronic Hepatitis B | Clinic FEHV

  https://fehv.org/en/new-treatment-chronic-hepatitis-b/

  Chronic hepatitis B virus infection is a global health problem. […] There are drugs against hepatitis B (entecavir, tenofovir) that are very effective in inhibiting the replication of the virus but that do not achieve its complete elimination, that is, the loss of the surface antigen of the hepatitis B virus (HBsAg). […] A study has been published in the New England Journal of Medicine in which patients with chronic hepatitis B have been treated with a new drug that is an antisense probe (Bepirovirsen) that can effectively inhibit the multiplication of the B virus. […] It was shown that between 9-10% of the patients treated with 300 mg of the drug presented a complete response (maintained loss of HBsAg and B virus DNA), that is, a cure. […] In summary, Bepirovirsen is a drug with very promising results for the cure of chronic hepatitis B and studies are being carried out combining Bepirovirsen with other therapies (pegylated interferon, vaccine, PAPD5 and PAPD7 enzyme inhibitors) to increase the efficacy of the drug treatment. Therefore, the future for the complete cure of chronic hepatitis B with new drugs is very hopeful.

• #1 Current Therapy of Chronic Viral Hepatitis B, C and D

  https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/13/6/964

  The data so far suggest that a combination of DAAs that lower HbsAg levels with IASs, such as PEG-IFN, may lead to a functional cure in a substantial proportion of patients. It will be of interest to see whether a combination of several DAAs may further enhance this effect. […] The therapeutic goal of antiviral therapy for chronic HCV infection is persistent virus suppression (SVR = “sustained virologic response”), which is defined by a lack of HCV RNA detection 12 weeks after the end of therapy. As the eradication of the virus does not lead to protective immunity, new infections are possible. Thus, a reinfection incidence of 6.4 per 100 patient years in patients with active intravenous drug use has been described. Achieving an SVR is associated with a significant reduction in mortality, HCC development, and the need for a liver transplant. While these positive effects are most obvious in patients with advanced fibrosis or compensated liver cirrhosis, they are less prevalent in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis.

• #1 Gilead to Present Latest Advancements Across Primary Biliary Cholangitis and Viral Hepatitis

  https://www.gilead.com/news/news-details/2025/gilead-to-present-latest-advancements-across-primary-biliary-cholangitis-and-viral-hepatitis

  New findings to be presented at the 2025 European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) Congress continue to demonstrate the effectiveness of Livdelzi (seladelpar) in reducing pruritus in people with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) […] Additional presentations will showcase the potential for maintained virologic response following treatment with investigational bulevirtide in people with hepatitis delta virus (HDV) […] Presentations in hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) will underscore Gilead’s commitment to advancing scientific research and our understanding of viral hepatitis in the real-world setting […] Key findings from 29 accepted abstracts will include two oral presentations showcasing new data on the critical goal of maintained virologic response following treatment with 2 mg and 10 mg bulevirtide in people living with hepatitis delta virus (HDV)

• #1 Gilead’s Entry Inhibitor for Chronic Hepatitis Delta Demonstrates Durable Virologic Suppression Post-Treatment

  https://www.pharmexec.com/view/gilead-entry-inhibitor-chronic-hepatitis-delta-durable-virologic-suppression-post-treatment

  Results from the Phase III MYR301 trial show that 36% of patients who achieved undetectable hepatitis delta virus levels when treated with bulevirtide maintained suppression for nearly two years. […] Final results from the Phase III MYR301 trial show that extended treatment with bulevirtide may lead to durable virologic suppression even after treatment discontinuation. […] Previous data have demonstrated the potential of bulevirtide as a safe and effective treatment option and, as EASL and the European Medicines Agency guidelines recommend, continued treatment is encouraged as long as people are experiencing a clinical benefit. […] With todays results, were now seeing the potential of bulevirtide to maintain virologic suppression and normalize markers of liver inflammation for a subset of people living with HDV, demonstrating a durable response, even after treatment cessation.

• #1 Treatments for Hepatitis B | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/liver-kidneys-and-urinary-system/hepatitis-b/treatments.html

  Treatment of hepatitis B infection depends on how active the virus is. It also depends on whether you are at risk for liver damage such as cirrhosis. […] Treatment depends on how active the virus is in your body and your chance of liver damage. The goal of treatment is to stop liver damage by keeping the virus from multiplying. […] Antiviral medicine is used if the virus is active and you are at risk for liver damage. Medicine slows how well the virus can multiply. […] Antiviral treatment isn’t given to everyone who has chronic hepatitis B. […] Whether or not you take medicine, you will need to visit your doctor regularly. He or she will do blood tests to check your liver and the activity of the hepatitis B virus in your body. […] If you have advanced liver damage and your condition becomes life-threatening, you may need a liver transplant. But not everyone is a good candidate for a liver transplant.

• #1 Hepatitis C Medications: An Overview for Patients – Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease

  https://www.hepatitis.va.gov/products/treatment-update.asp

  Hepatitis C treatment regimens have extremely high success rates. There is roughly a 95 percent cure (SVR) rate overall. […] All patients with hepatitis C should be evaluated for treatment, including patients who: have cirrhosis; use drugs; drink alcohol; are homeless; have other medical problems. […] The medications will usually cause a very big drop in the viral load within the first two weeks. Some patients will see their viral load become undetectable very early, such as by the fourth week. For other patients, it can take longer until their viral load becomes undetectable. […] Relapse means the medicine was able to lower the hepatitis C viral load to the undetectable level for a time, but then the viral load increased again. Re-treatment options should then be discussed with the provider.

• #1 Hepatitis Treatment – Addressing Viral Hepatitis in People With Substance Use Disorders – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK92025/

  Clients who have any form of viral hepatitis will benefit from: Resting. Avoiding alcohol and discontinuing drug use. Avoiding other substances that can harm the liver, including acetaminophen (Tylenol) in large doses. Eating nutritious, well-balanced meals. Getting vaccinated against hepatitis A and hepatitis B. […] Treating hepatitis C early might greatly increase a patients chances of sustained virologic response (SVR) and prevent long-term liver damage. […] Antiviral treatment helps the body fight off HCV infection (i.e., weakens the virus). When the virus is not detected in the blood of a patient who is receiving antiviral treatment, and when it remains undetected for 6 months after treatment is completed, the patient is said to have an SVR. […] The standard recommended treatment for hepatitis C is a combination of pegylated interferon injections and ribavirin. However, in 2011, the FDA approved two new oral medications, boceprevir and telaprevir.

• #1 Hepatitis B Treatment – Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease

  https://www.hepatitis.va.gov/hbv/patient/treat.asp

  Pegylated interferon is given as an injection once per week. It can be used alone or with an oral hepatitis B medication. Patients with both chronic hepatitis B and hepatitis D infection may need pegylated interferon alone or combined with an oral hepatitis B pill. […] Take oral medications every day to avoid developing resistance. […] If you have cirrhosis or high risk of liver cancer, get liver imaging on time as prescribed by your provider. […] If you have chronic hepatitis B, here are some suggestions on how to keep yourself healthy: Avoid alcohol completely. […] See your provider routinely to monitor your liver health. […] Get vaccinated if not immune to Hepatitis A.

• #1 Hepatitis Treatment – Addressing Viral Hepatitis in People With Substance Use Disorders – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK92025/

  Clients receiving methadone, buprenorphine, or naltrexone might want antiviral treatment, but it is not offered to them by their medical care providers. Counselors can provide a crucial service by informing clients that their receipt of MAT for opioid dependence does not exclude them from hepatitis treatment. […] Studies have demonstrated that completion and outcome of antiviral treatment can be similar for clients who have co-occurring substance use and mental disorders compared with clients who do not have these co-occurring conditions.

• #1 Hepatitis B and C > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/hepatitis-b-and-c

  But most oral therapies are associated with cure rates over 90 percent and are usually short in duration, typically 12 weeks total. […] The Viral Hepatitis Program at Yale Medicine represents one of the leading viral hepatitis treatment programs in the country and is engaged in innovative research focused on advancing the care of patients with chronic hepatitis B, C and D infections. […] Our program is a core member of several national and international observational cohort studies which contributes to the advancement of science of hepatitis treatment around the world. […] „Our team at Yale Medicine is uniquely equipped to serve patients with viral hepatitis from Connecticut and beyond and aims to offer outstanding, individualized, patient-centered care to help educate and guide patients through their treatment,” says Dr. Lim.

• #1

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/hepatitis-c/treatment/

  If both tests show no sign of the virus, this means treatment has been successful. […] Hepatitis C is treated using direct-acting antiviral (DAA) tablets. […] DAA tablets are the safest and most effective medicines for treating hepatitis C. […] They’re highly effective at clearing the infection in more than 90% of people. […] The tablets are taken for 8 to 12 weeks. […] You need to complete the full course of treatment to ensure you clear the hepatitis C virus from your body. […] Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) cure 9 out of 10 patients with hepatitis C. […] Successful treatment does not give you any protection against another hepatitis C infection. […] If treatment does not work, it may be repeated, extended, or a different combination of medicines may be tried. […] Some people with chronic hepatitis C decide against treatment. […] Your care team can give you advice about this, but the final decision about treatment will be yours.

• #2 Medical Treatment for Hepatitis | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/hepatitis/treatments/medical-treatment-for-hepatitis

  Treatment for hepatitis is based on the type of hepatitis present in the body and the severity of the resulting liver damage. Depending on the results of diagnostic tests, our specialists at NYU Langone may recommend antiviral medication to stop the virus from replicating and protect your liver from further damage. […] NYU Langone doctors may recommend antiviral medication for chronic, or long-term, hepatitis B or hepatitis C. Antiviral medications are more effective and produce fewer side effects than earlier treatments. […] Doctors frequently recommend antiviral medication for people with chronic hepatitis B who have active replication of the hepatitis B virus. […] Antiviral medications prevent the virus from replicating, which means creating copies of itself. They prevent and can even reverse liver damage. Current antiviral medications are safe, highly effective, and can treat hepatitis B with a low risk of serious side effects.

• #2 Hepatitis A, B & C | Treatments | MedStar Health

  https://www.medstarhealth.org/services/hepatitis-treatments

  Most people do not require treatment for hepatitis A and the infection will go away on its own within a month or two. […] Chronic hepatitis B is often monitored through regular drug treatment. Severe cases may require a liver transplant to replace a damaged liver. […] Hepatitis C does not always require treatment, especially if you are not experiencing symptoms and have a low risk of developing a chronic condition. Most patients undergo combination drug therapy of peginterferon and ribavirin for several months in hopes of curing the infection or preventing liver damage. A liver transplant may be required for people with severe infections. Drug treatment is usually still needed after surgery as the infection is likely to recur. […] Despite the serious complications associated with hepatitis C, it can be a manageable condition with proper treatment and life changes. We provide comprehensive care for hepatitis C and other STDs, and can help you develop a customized treatment plan to help you maintain an active and healthy life.

• #2 Hepatitis B Treatments | Northwestern Medicine

  https://www.nm.org/conditions-and-care-areas/infectious-disease/hepatitis-b/treatments

  Acute hepatitis B usually doesnt require treatment in people whose immune system can fight the infection. […] Chronic hepatitis B may require medication. […] There is no cure for chronic hepatitis B, but oral or injected medications can slow the disease process or prevent further liver damage. […] When chronic hepatitis B leads to liver failure, a liver transplant may be necessary.

• #2 Hepatitis B Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Pharmacologic Management, Surgical Intervention

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/177632-treatment

  Please note that guidelines for the current diagnostic workup and management of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection continue to evolve. Clinicians are advised to refer frequently to the most recent recommendations of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD). […] The primary treatment goals for patients with hepatitis B (HBV) infection are to prevent progression of the disease, particularly to cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). […] A synergistic approach of suppressing viral load and boosting the patients immune response with immunotherapeutic interventions is needed for the best prognosis. […] The prevention of HCC often includes the use of antiviral treatment using pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) or nucleos(t)ide analogues. […] Therapy is currently recommended for patients with evidence of chronic active hepatitis B disease (ie, abnormal aminotransferase levels, positive HBV DNA findings, positive or negative hepatitis B e antigen [HBeAg]).

• #2 Hepatitis B Foundation: Approved Drugs for Adults

  https://www.hepb.org/treatment-and-management/treatment/approved-drugs-for-adults/

  Telbivudine (Tyzeka or Sebivo) is a pill taken once a day, with few side effects, for at least one year or longer. This is considered a second-line treatment option. (Approved in 2006) […] Adefovir Dipivoxil (Hepsera) is a pill taken once a day, with few side effects, for at least one year or longer. This is considered a second-line treatment option and patients must have their kidney function monitored regularly. (Approved in 2002) […] Lamivudine (Epivir-HBV, Zeffix, or Heptodin) is a pill that is taken once a day, with few side effects, for at least one year or longer. This is generally not used in the U.S. because it is less potent than the newer drugs and most people develop drug resistance within a year or two. (Approved in 1998) […] Pegylated Interferon (Pegasys) is given by injection once a week usually for 6 months to 1 year. The drug can cause side effects such as flu-like symptoms and depression. (Approved in 2005) […] Interferon Alpha (Intron A) is given by injection several times a week usually for 6 months to 1 year, but treatment can be longer. The drug can cause side effects such as flu-like symptoms, depression, and headaches. This is an older drug that is not used as often. (Approved in 1991)

• #2 Core Concepts – Choosing an Initial HBV Treatment Regimen – Treatment of HBV – Hepatitis B Online

  https://www.hepatitisb.uw.edu/go/hbv/medications-used-to-treat-hbv/core-concept/all

  The alpha interferons have both antiviral and immunomodulatory properties against HBV. It is the immune-enhancing activity of interferon-based therapies that is thought to confer a possible serologic advantage over oral nucleoside and nucleotide analogues. When accompanied by HBV viral suppression, HBeAg loss and anti-HBeAg seroconversion represent immune-mediated control of HBV by the host. This immune-control or inactive disease phase is an important milestone in chronic HBV infection and is associated with a greater likelihood of eventual HBsAg clearance, a major goal of HBV therapy. Sustained clearance of HBeAg with standard interferon has also been shown to be associated with reduced incidence of cirrhosis, decreased risk for hepatocellular carcinoma, and improved survival. The ultimate advantage of interferon therapy is the potential for a functional cure, as defined by sustained loss of HBsAg and undetectable HBV DNA levels off of therapy, which is rarely achieved with oral antiviral therapy. The challenge, however, is identifying which patients would most likely respond to interferon, since responses can be quite heterogeneous and the toxicities of interferon can be significant.

• #2 Hepatitis B Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Pharmacologic Management, Surgical Intervention

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/177632-treatment

  The National Institutes of Health (NIH) recommends nucleos(t)ide therapy for the treatment of patients with acute liver failure, as well as cirrhotic patients who are HBV DNA positive and those with clinical complications, cirrhosis or advanced fibrosis with positive serum HBV DNA, or reactivation of chronic HBV during or after chemotherapy or immunosuppression. […] In general, for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive patients with evidence of chronic HBV disease, treatment is advised when the HBV DNA level is at or above 20,000 IU/mL (105 copies/mL) and when serum ALT is elevated for 3-6 months. […] For HBeAg-negative patients with chronic hepatitis B disease, treatment can be administered when the HBV DNA is at or above 2,000 IU/mL (104 copies/mL) and the serum ALT is elevated (ALT levels 20 U/L for females; 30 U/L for males) for 3-6 months.

• #2

  https://journals.lww.com/hep/fulltext/2016/01000/aasld_guidelines_for_treatment_of_chronic.32.aspx

  The AASLD suggests indefinite antiviral therapy for adults with HBeAg-negative immune-active CHB, unless there is a competing rationale for treatment discontinuation. […] The AASLD suggests that adults with compensated cirrhosis and low levels of viremia (2,000 IU/mL) be treated with antiviral therapy to reduce the risk of decompensation, regardless of ALT level. […] The AASLD recommends that HBsAg-positive adults with decompensated cirrhosis be treated with antiviral therapy indefinitely regardless of HBV DNA level, HBeAg status, or ALT level to decrease risk of worsening liver-related complications. […] The AASLD suggests antiviral therapy to reduce the risk of perinatal transmission of hepatitis B in HBsAg-positive pregnant women with an HBV DNA level 200,000 IU/mL. […] The AASLD suggests antiviral therapy in HBeAg-positive children (ages 2 to 18 years) with both elevated ALT and measurable HBV DNA levels, with the goal of achieving sustained HBeAg seroconversion.

• #2 Hepatitis B Treatment – Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease

  https://www.hepatitis.va.gov/hbv/patient/treat.asp

  There is no cure for HBV at this time, but treatment can stop the virus from replicating and triggering liver damage. HBV treatments lower the risk of developing cirrhosis and liver cancer. […] Treatment is an oral antiviral medication. In rare cases, injections may be used. […] There are five oral medications approved by the FDA. […] Of these, tenofovir and entecavir are most commonly used. Uncommon adverse effects can include nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, headache, fatigue, and dizziness. Talk with your provider if you experience any of these adverse effects. […] Medications for hepatitis B are: Easy to tolerate without many side effects, Taken by mouth once per day, Usually taken indefinitely. […] Patients who have both chronic HBV and HIV are typically on an HIV medication that includes drugs that treat HBV. If your HIV medication does not contain at least two drugs that work against HBV, your provider may prescribe an additional medication.

• #2 Hepatitis B: What It Is, Symptoms, Transmission & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4246-hepatitis-b

  Hepatitis B is a viral infection that damages your liver. […] Treatment is medication to reduce the risk that the virus will spread or cause complications. […] Theres no cure for hepatitis B. But there are medications that can make the virus inactive. Inactive hepatitis B means you have the virus. But inactive viruses cant spread. […] Your treatment will be different depending on your situation. Treatments may include: […] Prophylactic treatment is when healthcare providers give you medication to prevent a disease. Providers prescribe prophylactic treatment if you were exposed to the virus within the past 24 hours. […] Theres no specific treatment for acute hepatitis B. […] Chronic hepatitis B treatment varies depending on your symptoms and your overall health. Treatment options are:

• #2

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/hepatitis-c/treatment/

  If both tests show no sign of the virus, this means treatment has been successful. […] Hepatitis C is treated using direct-acting antiviral (DAA) tablets. […] DAA tablets are the safest and most effective medicines for treating hepatitis C. […] They’re highly effective at clearing the infection in more than 90% of people. […] The tablets are taken for 8 to 12 weeks. […] You need to complete the full course of treatment to ensure you clear the hepatitis C virus from your body. […] Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) cure 9 out of 10 patients with hepatitis C. […] Successful treatment does not give you any protection against another hepatitis C infection. […] If treatment does not work, it may be repeated, extended, or a different combination of medicines may be tried. […] Some people with chronic hepatitis C decide against treatment. […] Your care team can give you advice about this, but the final decision about treatment will be yours.

• #2 Hepatitis Diagnosis, Tests, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/hepatitis/understanding-hepatitis-treatment

  What Are the Treatments for Viral Hepatitis? The treatment for viral hepatitis depends on the type and stage of the infection. Over the last several years, excellent treatments for both hepatitis B and C have become available. More and improved treatments are being evaluated all the time. […] Doctors sometimes recommend drug therapy for people with hepatitis B and C. Antiviral medication for hepatitis B includes adefovir (Hepsera), entecavir (Baraclude), interferon, lamivudine (Epivir), peginterferon (Pegasys), telbivudine (Sebivo or Tyzeka), and tenofovir (Viread). […] Treatment now centers around direct-acting antiviral drugs (DAAs). These medicines are highly effective for most people with hepatitis C and are interferon-free and often ribavirin-free. This means they typically have fewer side effects. The treatments are often simpler- consisting of fewer pills for a shorter amount of time. DAAs are available as either single drugs or combined with other medicines in one pill. Elbasvir-grazoprevir (Zepatier), ledipasvir-sofosbuvir (Harvoni), and sofosbuvir-velpatasvir (Epclusa) and are once daily combination pills. Depending on the type of hepatitis C infection, these can often cure the disease in 8 to 12 weeks.

• #2 Treatment – The Hepatitis C Trust

  https://www.hepctrust.org.uk/about-hep-c/treatment/

  97% of people who complete treatment for hepatitis C are cured of the virus. […] Most people report very few side effects during their hepatitis C treatment. […] It is possible to treat both hepatitis C and HIV at the same time. […] If you already have cirrhosis, there is still a good chance that you can be cured of the hepatitis C infection via treatment.

• #2

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/hepatitis-c/treatment/

  There is a cure for hepatitis C and treatment is free. […] For most people with hepatitis C, the treatment is tablets you take for 8 to 12 weeks. Over 95% of people are cured with this treatment. […] If the infection continues for several months (chronic hepatitis C), your doctor will recommend a treatment plan. […] Treatment for chronic hepatitis C involves: tablets to fight the virus, a test to see if your liver is damaged, lifestyle changes to prevent further damage. […] You’ll be offered the medicine most appropriate for your type of hepatitis C. […] Treatment for hepatitis C used to involve injections and taking tablets for up to 1 year. But now hepatitis C is treated using direct-acting antiviral (DAA) tablets. […] DAA tablets are the safest and most effective medicines for treating hepatitis C.

• #2 Current Therapy of Chronic Viral Hepatitis B, C and D

  https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/13/6/964

  BLV is an entry inhibitor at the sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) receptor, and has recently been approved for the treatment of HBV/HDV coinfection. HBV and HDV use NTCP as a receptor for virus entry. BLV has been tested in several phase 2 studies. The results showed that monotherapy with this compound resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in HDV RNA levels; however, the studies also found evidence that combination therapy with PEG-IFN may be more effective than BLV monotherapy. […] In a phase 2b dose-ranging study, patients received one dose of BLV of 2 mg, 5 mg, or 10 mg in combination with TDF for 24 weeks. One patient group was treated exclusively with TDF monotherapy. At the end of the therapy, 46%, 47%, and 77% of patients, respectively, had a drop in HDV RNA of more than 2 logs compared to 3% in TDF monotherapy. While ALT levels also dropped, BLV had no effect on HBsAg levels.

• #2 Hepatitis B & C

  https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/staying-in-hiv-care/other-related-health-issues/hepatitis-b-and-c

  HIV-HBV and HIV-HCV coinfections can be effectively treated in most people. […] But medical treatment can be complex, and people with coinfection should look for health care providers with expertise in the management of both HIV infection and viral hepatitis. […] For hepatitis B, treatment can delay or limit liver damage by suppressing the virus. […] Like treatment for HIV, hepatitis B treatment may need to be taken for the rest of your life. […] Some HIV medications can also treat hepatitis B. […] If you are diagnosed with hepatitis B, your health care provider will go over which treatment regimen is best for you. […] Hepatitis C is a curable disease. […] Left untreated, it can cause severe liver damage, liver cancer, or death. […] However, new treatments for hepatitis C have been approved in recent years.

• #2 Hepatitis B treatment for people with HIV | aidsmap

  https://www.aidsmap.com/about-hiv/hepatitis-b-treatment-people-hiv

  Although drugs active against both HIV and hepatitis B are recommended for all people with co-infection, hepatitis B treatment is especially important for those who have a high hepatitis B viral load (indicating active infection), elevated ALT level (indicating liver inflammation) or liver cirrhosis. […] It is important that drugs active against both HIV and hepatitis B only be used as part of a complete combination HIV regimen. Using them alone to treat hepatitis B can cause HIV to become resistant and they may lose their effectiveness. […] The health of your liver should be regularly monitored during HIV and hepatitis B treatment.

• #2 Hepatitis B: Screening, Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2019/0301/p314.html

  Treatment does not eliminate the risk of HCC; therefore, surveillance for HCC should continue. […] Goals of therapy that correlate with improvements in patient-oriented outcomes include HBV DNA suppression, HBeAg loss/seroconversion (for individuals who were HBeAg positive), ALT normalization, and HBsAg loss. […] Physicians should individualize treatment decisions based on clinical and laboratory characteristics and risks of developing cirrhosis and HCC. […] There are eight approved treatments for chronic hepatitis B in the United States. […] Pegylated interferon alfa-2a (Pegasys), entecavir (Baraclude), and tenofovir are recommended as first-line treatment options. […] Treating pregnant women who are HBsAg positive reduces perinatal transmission rates. Tenofovir is the preferred antiviral in pregnant women because it has a better resistance profile and there are more safety data in pregnant women with hepatitis B. […] Individuals with decompensated cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis B should be treated with a nucleoside/nucleotide analogue and assessed for liver transplantation eligibility.

• #2 Treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus infection – B Positive

  https://hepatitisb.org.au/treatment-of-chronic-hepatitis-b-virus-infection/

  In practical terms, once the decision to commence antiviral therapy has been made, the physician should choose one of the three agents that are currently approved by the Australian Government’s Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) and reimbursed under the PBS for the initial treatment of CHB in Australia. These agents are pegylated IFN (PEG-IFN) alfa-2a (180 µg/week), tenofovir (300 mg/day) and entecavir (0.5 mg/day). […] When choosing the most appropriate anti-HBV therapy, it is important to consider the advantages and disadvantages of each treatment option. […] People living with hepatitis B and cirrhosis are at increased risk of hepatic decompensation and developing HCC. Treatment with antiviral therapy reduces these risks and all individuals with cirrhosis should be offered treatment.

• #2 The scientific basis of combination therapy for chronic hepatitis B functional cure | Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41575-022-00724-5

  Functional cure is defined as loss of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and undetectable hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA after 6 months off therapy; it is associated with improved clinical outcomes and is the optimal goal of therapy for chronic hepatitis B. […] Novel agents fall into three categories: those that reduce viral replication, those that reduce viral antigen load and immunotherapies; combinations that lead to functional cure are being explored. […] Profound viral suppression alone is unlikely to lead to functional cure or reduction in quantitative (q)HBsAg levels. […] Combining replication inhibition with immunotherapy leads to some reduction in qHBsAg levels (1log) and HBsAg loss, usually in patients with low baseline qHBsAg levels. […] Reducing viral antigen production reduces qHBsAg levels by up to 3 log, which might be sustained off therapy, and in combination with replication inhibitors or immunotherapy can achieve HBsAg loss in some instances, although not all are sustained. […] More than one path to functional cure is likely to exist, and finding the optimal one for each patient is the challenge.

• #2 Gilead to Present Latest Advancements Across Primary Biliary Cholangitis and Viral Hepatitis

  https://www.gilead.com/news/news-details/2025/gilead-to-present-latest-advancements-across-primary-biliary-cholangitis-and-viral-hepatitis

  A late breaker presentation on the final results from the pivotal MYR301 Phase 3 study evaluating the efficacy and safety of 2 mg and 10 mg bulevirtide as monotherapy will reveal long-term response rates, including the proportion of participants with undetectable virus levels two years after treatment cessation […] In hepatitis B (HBV), Gilead will present initial results from a Phase 1a study of a novel investigational therapeutic vaccine that shows early promise towards the goal of achieving a functional cure for HBV infection […] Gilead will also showcase real-world data on hepatitis C (HCV), demonstrating the effects of direct-acting antivirals (DAA) against all genotypes of the virus across diverse geographical regions, supporting the global applicability of HCV treatment guidelines

• #2 Gilead’s Entry Inhibitor for Chronic Hepatitis Delta Demonstrates Durable Virologic Suppression Post-Treatment

  https://www.pharmexec.com/view/gilead-entry-inhibitor-chronic-hepatitis-delta-durable-virologic-suppression-post-treatment

  Results showed that 36% of adults who achieved undetectable HDV RNA at end of treatment-maintained suppression for nearly two years off-treatment. […] Additionally, patients with longer durations of on-treatment undetectability particularly those treated for 96 weeks were more likely to sustain virologic control, with 90% remaining undetectable. […] During the second follow-up year, no relapses occurred in participants who had been undetectable one year after stopping treatment. […] At Gilead, we are committed to advancing research and exploring the full potential of bulevirtide as a monotherapy, in combination, and at different doses, to help improve outcomes for people living with chronic HDV. […] Previous results from MYR301 demonstrated the potential benefits of long-term treatment with bulevirtide. […] With this new data, we now have valuable insight into the durability of the response even after treatment has ended. […] Bulevirtide 2 mg is currently approved for adults with chronic HDV and compensated liver disease in the European Economic Area, Switzerland, Australia, and the United Kingdom.

• #2 Hepatitis B Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Pharmacologic Management, Surgical Intervention

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/177632-treatment

  Currently, pegylated interferon alfa (PEG-IFN-a), entecavir (ETV), and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) are the FDA-approved agents in the treatment of hepatitis B disease. […] The following are medications approved for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B in adult and/or pediatric patients: Preferred agents include Pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN)-alpha-2a, Entecavir, Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (DF), Tenofovir alafenamide (AF). […] The AASLD suggests obtaining ALT levels at least every 6 months to monitor for potential transition to immune-active or -inactive chronic hepatitis B. […] The AASLD suggests indefinite antiviral therapy for adults with HBeAg-negative immune-active chronic hepatitis B infection, unless there is a competing rationale for treatment discontinuation.

• #2 Treatment for Hepatitis C (HCV) – American Liver Foundation

  https://liverfoundation.org/liver-diseases/viral-hepatitis/hepatitis-c/treating-hepatitis-c/

  Treatment regimens are usually 8 to 24 weeks, but sometimes longer, depending on your particular circumstances. […] The goal of treatment is to have an SVR. This is when you are considered cured. Taking your medication as prescribed will increase your chance of being cured and decrease the long-term complications of Hepatitis C. […] Proper adherence to Hepatitis C therapy will increase your chance of being cured and decrease the long-term complications of Hepatitis C. […] The following tips will help you manage some of the more common side effects of Hepatitis C treatment: […] Its important to talk to your Hepatitis C provider to help you manage side effects and have a good experience on treatment. […] Its also important to be aware that several common herbs can cause liver damage, especially in people with an existing liver disease such as Hepatitis C. […] Before you stop taking any of your Hepatitis C medications, contact your doctor.

• #2 Hepatitis B: Screening, Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2019/0301/p314.html

  Hepatitis B vaccination is recommended for medically stable infants weighing 2,000 g or more within 24 hours of birth, unvaccinated infants and children, and unvaccinated adults requesting protection from hepatitis B or who are at increased risk of infection. […] There is no evidence that antiviral treatment is effective for acute hepatitis B. Chronic hepatitis B is defined as the persistence of hepatitis B surface antigen for more than six months. […] Morbidity and mortality are reduced with adequate treatment. […] Treatment should be individualized based on clinical and laboratory characteristics and the risks of developing cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. […] Immunologic cure, defined as the loss of hepatitis B surface antigen with sustained HBV DNA suppression, is attainable with current drug therapies that suppress HBV DNA replication and improve liver inflammation and fibrosis. Pegylated interferon alfa-2a, entecavir, and tenofovir are recommended as first-line treatment options for chronic hepatitis B.

• #2 Treatment for Hepatitis C (HCV) – American Liver Foundation

  https://liverfoundation.org/liver-diseases/viral-hepatitis/hepatitis-c/treating-hepatitis-c/

  Hepatitis C infection is treated with antiviral medications intended to clear the virus from your body. […] The purpose of using medications to treat Hepatitis C is to: Clear the Hepatitis C virus from your bloodstream, Slow down progression of inflammation and scarring of your liver, Reduce the chances of developing cirrhosis and liver cancer. […] The most important factors affecting treatment results are: Your Hepatitis C genotype, Whether or not you have cirrhosis (severe scarring of the liver), Taking medications as prescribed; not missing doses. […] Before visiting your healthcare professional to discuss treatment options, it’s a good idea to prepare a list of questions so that you make the best use of your time during the appointment. […] The good news is that there are now more medications available to treat Hepatitis C than ever before.

• #2 Treatment for Hepatitis A, B, C, D | Autoimmune Hepatitis – UChicago Medicine

  https://www.uchicagomedicine.org/conditions-services/liver-diseases-hepatology/hepatitis

  The University of Chicago Medicine offers state of the art diagnosis and treatment of viral hepatitis. […] Your doctor will create a care plan with you based on your health, type of hepatitis, severity of symptoms, and how well you handle certain treatments. Your doctor may recommend: […] Depending on the type of hepatitis you have, you may be able to be cured. Or, you may need to learn how to manage your hepatitis as a lifelong condition. If you have advanced liver disease, your doctor may recommend a liver transplant.

• #2 Hepatitis B Treatment: What We Know Now and What Remains to Be Researched

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6312657/

  Recent studies suggest paradoxically that, for patients who are HBeAg-negative who had been virally suppressed for 2 to 3 years, withdrawal of an NA may be associated with a higher rate of HBsAg loss compared to those who continued the NA. […] The ability to identify which patients will remain in remission, which ones will experience viral relapse only, which ones will experience clinical relapse, and which ones will decompensate when NA is stopped is an important area for research. […] Antiviral treatment has also been shown to improve liver histology. […] Long-term follow-up studies and meta-analyses indicate that IFN and NA therapy decrease the development of cirrhosis, cirrhosis complications, HCC, and mortality. […] The vision for the future is to deploy a combination of antiviral drugs directed against new targets and immunomodulatory therapies to restore innate as well as adaptive immune responses with the goal of achieving HBsAg loss in a higher percentage (50%) of patients after a finite course (2 years) of treatment.

• #2 Treatment of Hepatitis C | Hepatitis C | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-c/treatment/index.html

  Hepatitis C can be cured. […] Treatment that cures hepatitis C is available. […] Early treatment can prevent serious complications like liver scarring, liver cancer and death. […] If you have hepatitis C, talk to your doctor about treatment right away. Don’t delay. […] Safe and highly effective treatments that can cure hepatitis C have been available since 2014, yet few people receive treatment within a year of diagnosis. […] If you are diagnosed with hepatitis C, talk to your doctor right away about getting treatment that is right for you. […] If you don’t get treated right away, chronic hepatitis C can cause severe liver damage, liver cancer, and even death. […] There are oral medications (pills) available called direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) that cure more than 95% of people in just 8-12 weeks. […] If you are being treated for hepatitis C, talk to your doctor if you have any of the following symptoms. […] If you are diagnosed with hepatitis C and receiving treatment you should eat a well-balanced diet, exercise regularly, and avoid excessive alcohol intake.

• #2 New and current treatment options for hepatitis B

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/new-treatment-for-hepatitis-b

  Approved medications to treat HBV include oral antiviral drugs and immune modulator drugs. […] Additionally, individuals can apply to join a clinical trial to test new drugs if standard treatment is ineffective. […] More than 30 new drugs are in development, and there is optimism that at least one of them will provide a functional cure for HBV.

• #3 Hepatitis Treatment – Addressing Viral Hepatitis in People With Substance Use Disorders – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK92025/

  Clients who have any form of viral hepatitis will benefit from: Resting. Avoiding alcohol and discontinuing drug use. Avoiding other substances that can harm the liver, including acetaminophen (Tylenol) in large doses. Eating nutritious, well-balanced meals. Getting vaccinated against hepatitis A and hepatitis B. […] Treating hepatitis C early might greatly increase a patients chances of sustained virologic response (SVR) and prevent long-term liver damage. […] Antiviral treatment helps the body fight off HCV infection (i.e., weakens the virus). When the virus is not detected in the blood of a patient who is receiving antiviral treatment, and when it remains undetected for 6 months after treatment is completed, the patient is said to have an SVR. […] The standard recommended treatment for hepatitis C is a combination of pegylated interferon injections and ribavirin. However, in 2011, the FDA approved two new oral medications, boceprevir and telaprevir.

• #3 Hepatitis B Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Pharmacologic Management, Surgical Intervention

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/177632-treatment

  Currently, pegylated interferon alfa (PEG-IFN-a), entecavir (ETV), and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) are the FDA-approved agents in the treatment of hepatitis B disease. […] The following are medications approved for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B in adult and/or pediatric patients: Preferred agents include Pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN)-alpha-2a, Entecavir, Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (DF), Tenofovir alafenamide (AF). […] The AASLD suggests obtaining ALT levels at least every 6 months to monitor for potential transition to immune-active or -inactive chronic hepatitis B. […] The AASLD suggests indefinite antiviral therapy for adults with HBeAg-negative immune-active chronic hepatitis B infection, unless there is a competing rationale for treatment discontinuation.

• #3 Hepatitis B Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Pharmacologic Management, Surgical Intervention

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/177632-treatment

  The 2015 WHO guidelines for the prevention, care, and treatment of persons with chronic hepatitis B infection indicate treatment priority for individuals of all ages who have chronic hepatitis B infection and clinical evidence of compensated/decompensated cirrhosis. […] Treatment is recommended for adults with chronic hepatitis B infection without clinical evidence of cirrhosis, but who have all of the following features, and regardless of HBeAg status: Are older than 30 years, Have persistently abnormal ALT levels, Have evidence of high-level HBV replication (HBV DNA 20,000 IU/mL). […] The AASLD does not recommend antiviral therapy in individuals with all of the following, regardless of HBeAg status or age: No clinical evidence of cirrhosis, Persistently normal ALT levels, Low levels of HBV DNA replication (HBV DNA 2,000 IU/mL).

• #3 Treatment of Hepatitis B | The Hepatitis Foundation of New Zealand

  https://www.hepatitisfoundation.org.nz/treatment-of-hepatitis-b/

  Recommended medications for most patients in NZ are either entecavir 0.5mg daily or tenofovir disoproxil 245mg daily, both of which can be prescribed by family practitioners. […] Both are extremely effective at suppressing HBV and reduce liver damage and HCC risk with very few side effects and no interaction with other medications, but need to be continued long-term. […] International guidelines vary but all agree that: patients with persistently raised ALT levels and HBV DNA above 20,000 IU/mL should be treated. […] This leaves a grey area consisting of many patients where recommendations vary, but at HFNZ we have chosen to use a risk-based approach as endorsed by the Asia Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver. […] Treatment reduces subsequent HCC by around but does not eliminate risk.

• #3 Hepatitis C Medications: An Overview for Patients – Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease

  https://www.hepatitis.va.gov/products/treatment-update.asp

  Hepatitis C virus is treated with all-oral medications. These pills, called antiviral medications, are usually taken once per day. These antiviral medications are extremely good at attacking the virus and preventing it from multiplying. […] Antiviral medications were not the original treatment for hepatitis C. Before 2014, the only treatment for hepatitis C was called interferon and ribavirin, taken as weekly injections under the skin, plus pills. Interferon treatment caused many unpleasant side effects and was not usually successful. Then a new generation of medications became available. These antiviral treatments are extremely successful at curing the virus and have very minimal side effects. […] The purpose of taking antiviral medications for hepatitis C is to: remove (or clear) all the hepatitis C virus from your body permanently; stop or slow down the damage to your liver; reduce the risk of developing cirrhosis (advanced scarring of the liver); reduce the risk of developing liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma); reduce the risk of liver failure and the need for a liver transplant.

• #3

  https://www.hepatitisaustralia.com/hepatitis-c-cures

  You can take medicine to cure hepatitis C. It works very well for most people. […] The medicines are direct-acting antivirals (or DAAs). They work very well for most people who take them. […] Your normal GP can prescribe you the new DAA medicines for hepatitis C. […] In Australia, we use these DAA medicines to cure hepatitis C: Epclusa (sofosbuvir + velpatasvir), Maviret (glecaprevir/pibrentasvir), Vosevi (sofosbuvir + velpatasvir + voxilaprevir). […] If the medicine has worked, you no longer have the virus. […] If you do get hepatitis C again, you will be able to take medicine again to get rid of the virus.

• #3 Gilead’s Entry Inhibitor for Chronic Hepatitis Delta Demonstrates Durable Virologic Suppression Post-Treatment

  https://www.pharmexec.com/view/gilead-entry-inhibitor-chronic-hepatitis-delta-durable-virologic-suppression-post-treatment

  Results from the Phase III MYR301 trial show that 36% of patients who achieved undetectable hepatitis delta virus levels when treated with bulevirtide maintained suppression for nearly two years. […] Final results from the Phase III MYR301 trial show that extended treatment with bulevirtide may lead to durable virologic suppression even after treatment discontinuation. […] Previous data have demonstrated the potential of bulevirtide as a safe and effective treatment option and, as EASL and the European Medicines Agency guidelines recommend, continued treatment is encouraged as long as people are experiencing a clinical benefit. […] With todays results, were now seeing the potential of bulevirtide to maintain virologic suppression and normalize markers of liver inflammation for a subset of people living with HDV, demonstrating a durable response, even after treatment cessation.

• #3 Current Therapy of Chronic Viral Hepatitis B, C and D

  https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/13/6/964

  While viral replication can be controlled and the progression of liver disease can be prevented in most patients that are treated with the currently licensed antiviral drugs against HBV, the long-term control of an infection (“functional cure”) is rarely seen, as HBsAg levels remain mostly elevated despite effective antiviral therapy. It has been demonstrated that HBsAg itself may suppress innate immune responses against HBV in particular, and thus promote the chronicity of an infection. Therefore, several approaches are being developed that are aiming at HBsAg elimination. These can be divided into two groups that are acting directly on the virus (DAA) or that are aiming to improve the antiviral innate and/or adaptive immune response (IAS), respectively. […] Bulevirtide (BLV) is an inhibitor of HBV entry and targets NTCP (sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide), which functions as a receptor for HBV into a host cell. It is already licensed for the treatment of HBV/HDV coinfection. Here, it has been shown to lead to HBsAg elimination in some cases when combined with PEG-IFN. Capsid assembly modulators (CAMs) lead to the reduced formation of cccDNA and the introduction of HBV DNA into the nucleus by inhibiting the assembly of the HBV core protein. In clinical studies this has led to the suppression of HBV DNA without affecting HBsAg levels. Very promising clinical results have been generated with HBsAg secretion inhibitors, such as REP-2139 or REP-2165, which are nucleic acid polymers (NAPs). In combination with PEG-IFN, they have demonstrated a high rate of a functional cure (e.g., sustained suppression of HBsAg after therapy). During therapy, ALT flares have been observed, suggesting the activation of the immune system. Several small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and antisense oligonucleotides (Aos) are currently in clinical development that are targeting the production of HbsAg and other viral proteins. In some studies a marked reduction in HbsAg levels was observed.

• #4 Viral hepatitis: symptoms, treatment, prevention – Institut Pasteur

  https://www.pasteur.fr/en/medical-center/disease-sheets/viral-hepatitis?language=fr

  Hepatitis B is one of the most prevalent human diseases. It is estimated that 2 billion people have been infected by the virus, including over 254 million people living with chronic HBV infection, able to transmit the virus over many years. Chronic carriers have a high risk of dying from cirrhosis or liver cancer. These diseases cause about 1.1 million deaths annually. […] There is no specific treatment for acute hepatitis that improves the chances of recovery. The efficacy of so-called hepatoprotective products in other words products to protect the liver has not been proven. An infected person must wait until his or her own defense system naturally overcomes the virus. […] In people with high risk of chronic liver diseases, chronic HBV infection is treated with antiviral drugs such as Tenofovir or Entecavir.

• #4 Hepatitis B Foundation: Treatment Options

  https://www.hepb.org/treatment-and-management/treatment/

  People living with chronic hepatitis B infection should expect to live a long and healthy life. There are also approved drugs for both adults and children that control the hepatitis B virus, which helps reduce the risk of developing more serious liver disease, but there is still no complete cure. Current treatments for hepatitis B fall into two general categories: […] Immune modulator Drugs These are interferon-type drugs that boost the immune system to help get rid of the hepatitis B virus. Antiviral Drugs These are drugs that stop or slow down the hepatitis B virus from reproducing, which reduces the inflammation and damage of your liver. It is important to know that not everyone with chronic hepatitis B infection needs to be treated. Current treatments, however, are generally found to be most effective in those who show signs of active liver disease (e.g. through a physical exam, blood tests and imaging studies such as an ultrasound). Whether you start treatment or not, it is very important to be regularly seen by a liver specialist or a health care provider who is knowledgeable about hepatitis B. The Hepatitis B Foundation created the HBF Drug Watch to keep track of approved and promising new treatments. There are now 7 approved drugs for hepatitis B in the United States — 2 types of injectable interferons and 5 oral antivirals that control the hepatitis B virus. A cure, however, may be in the near future because there is exciting research being done today to generate promising new drugs.

• #4 Hepatitis B Treatment – Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease

  https://www.hepatitis.va.gov/hbv/patient/treat.asp

  Not all patients with chronic hepatitis B (HBV) need to be on treatment. The decision to treat HBV is based on several factors including blood tests results, the patient’s age, and the risk of developing cirrhosis or liver cancer. Sometimes a liver biopsy is needed to see if there is significant liver damage (or scarring) to make a decision. […] Hepatitis B medications are recommended for patients with detected HBV virus (also known as hepatitis B viral load) on a blood test and evidence of liver damage. Liver damage can be detected with a liver enzyme known as ALT. People with cirrhosis should be considered for treatment even if the liver enzymes appear normal. […] Chronic hepatitis B may change over time. Patients can go through different phases with low amounts of virus and normal level of ALT followed by high viral loads and ALT levels. These bursts of virus activity usually don’t cause any symptoms but may cause liver damage overtime. It is important that people with chronic hepatitis B have blood tests on a regular basis to see if treatment is needed.

• #4 Hepatitis C Medications: An Overview for Patients – Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease

  https://www.hepatitis.va.gov/products/treatment-update.asp

  Treatment is successful when the viral load drops to undetectable levels, which means the virus cannot be detected in the bloodstream at all. The viral load becomes undetectable during treatment and remains undetected after treatment has ended. If there is still no detectable virus in the blood 12 weeks after the end of the treatment, the treatment was successful. This is called a Sustained Virologic Response (SVR). […] Since 2014, multiple different antiviral treatments for hepatitis C have been developed. With the many options now available, often there is more than one good choice for a patient. […] Treatment is usually 8-12 weeks long but can be as much as 16 weeks long in certain situations. Some patients with more damage to their liver may require 24 weeks of treatment, but this is uncommon. The duration depends on the medication, and specific HCV factors in particular patients.

• #4 Gilead’s Entry Inhibitor for Chronic Hepatitis Delta Demonstrates Durable Virologic Suppression Post-Treatment

  https://www.pharmexec.com/view/gilead-entry-inhibitor-chronic-hepatitis-delta-durable-virologic-suppression-post-treatment

  Results showed that 36% of adults who achieved undetectable HDV RNA at end of treatment-maintained suppression for nearly two years off-treatment. […] Additionally, patients with longer durations of on-treatment undetectability particularly those treated for 96 weeks were more likely to sustain virologic control, with 90% remaining undetectable. […] During the second follow-up year, no relapses occurred in participants who had been undetectable one year after stopping treatment. […] At Gilead, we are committed to advancing research and exploring the full potential of bulevirtide as a monotherapy, in combination, and at different doses, to help improve outcomes for people living with chronic HDV. […] Previous results from MYR301 demonstrated the potential benefits of long-term treatment with bulevirtide. […] With this new data, we now have valuable insight into the durability of the response even after treatment has ended. […] Bulevirtide 2 mg is currently approved for adults with chronic HDV and compensated liver disease in the European Economic Area, Switzerland, Australia, and the United Kingdom.

• #4 Efficacy of a new treatment for hepatitis B | Clinic FEHV

  https://fehv.org/en/efficacy-new-treatment-hepatitis-b/

  A new treatment for chronic hepatitis B using an antisense probe shows promising results, with 62% achieving theoretical cure and mild side effects. […] Currently there are antiviral drugs (entecavir, tenofovir) that inhibit the replication of the B virus and can also normalize transaminase levels, so the long-term prognosis is more favorable. However, the drawback of these drugs is that they only eliminate the virus from the body in 10% of patients, so they must be administered indefinitely. […] This new treatment consists of using an antisense probe that blocks the production of hepatitis B virus proteins. […] At week 12 of treatment with the antisense probe, 62% of the patients treated with 300 mg and 43% of those who received 225 mg lost HBsAg (that is, they were theoretically cured).

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