Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Spider bites – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/spider-bites/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352377

  Most spider bites usually heal on their own in about a week. A bite from a recluse spider takes longer to heal and sometimes leaves a scar. […] First-aid treatment for spider bites includes the following steps: Clean the wound with mild soap and water. Apply an antibiotic ointment three times a day to help prevent infection. Apply a cool compress over the bite for 15 minutes each hour. Use a clean cloth dampened with water or filled with ice. This helps reduce pain and swelling. If possible, elevate the affected area. Take an over-the-counter pain reliever as needed. If the affected area is itchy, an antihistamine, such as diphenhydramine (Benadryl) or certirizine (Zyrtec), might help. Observe the bite for signs of worsening or infection. You might need antibiotics if the bite develops into an open wound or becomes infected.

• #2 Spider bites: First aid

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-spider-bites/basics/art-20056618

  Most spider bites cause only minor injury. Bites from a few spider species can be dangerous. […] Seek medical care right away if: […] To take care of a spider bite: […] Clean the wound with mild soap and water. Then apply an antibiotic ointment three times a day to help prevent infection. […] Apply a cool cloth over the bite for 15 minutes each hour. Use a clean cloth dampened with water or filled with ice. This helps reduce pain and swelling. […] If possible, raise the affected area. […] Take a nonprescription pain reliever as needed. […] If the wound is itchy, an antihistamine might help. Examples are diphenhydramine or cetirizine. Or try calamine lotion or a steroid cream. […] For pain and muscle spasms, your healthcare professional might prescribe pain medicine, muscle relaxants or both. You might also need a tetanus shot.

• #3 Spider Bites: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16639-spider-bites

  Spider bite treatment will vary depending on your symptoms and the type of spider that bit you. […] Treatment for black widow spider bites may include: black widow antivenom (antivenin), muscle relaxers, sedatives, and pain medicines. […] Treatment for brown recluse and hobo spider bites include: daily cleaning with a povidone-iodine solution to prevent infection and soaking the bite area in sterile saltwater (saline) solution three times a day. […] You should never attempt to suck out or remove venom from a spider bite. Instead, follow these steps: clean the bite area with warm water and soap, apply a cold, damp washcloth or an ice pack to the bite area, elevate the bite area, take an antihistamine (allergy medicine) to ease itching and swelling, take an over-the-counter (OTC) pain reliever for pain and swelling, and seek immediate medical attention for severe symptoms. […] With proper medical care, most people recover from venomous spider bites.

• #4 How to treat spider bites and when you need to see your doctor – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/how-to-treat-spider-bites-and-when-you-need-to-see-your-doctor

  Spider bites can be treated at home with the following first-aid measures: Wash the area with warm, soapy water. Apply an antibiotic cream on the bite to help prevent it from getting infected. Put a cool washcloth or an ice pack on the bite to reduce swelling. Take an antihistamine to relieve swelling and itching. Take ibuprofen or acetaminophen if pain in the bite area persists. […] If you think you’ve been bitten by a brown recluse or a black widow spider, alert your doctor right away. You may receive antivenom (a medicine to counteract the venom, also called antivenin) if you were bitten by a black widow spider. There is no antivenom for brown recluse spider bites. In addition, for both types of spider bites, you may receive breathing support, intravenous (IV) fluids, or medications to manage other symptoms, as needed. […] Seek immediate emergency treatment if you have trouble breathing, an elevated heart rate, or facial swelling. These can be signs of a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis).

• #5 Home Remedies for Spider Bites: Symptoms, Tips & More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/home-remedies-for-spider-bites

  If your spider bite is minor, several home remedies and natural treatments may offer relief. But if the symptoms are more intense, or you suspect a venomous bite, call for medical attention. […] In many cases, spider bites can be treated at home. Although every spider species injects venom through their fangs to paralyze their prey, most spider venom isn’t strong enough to act as a toxin in humans. […] If you’re bitten by a species of spider with less toxic venom, home remedies for spider bites can minimize pain and discomfort, and speed up healing. […] For more severe spider bite reactions, you can use these same remedies after you’ve been medically treated. […] When you discover a mild spider bite, first wash the area with soap and water to clear away any venom, dirt, or bacteria that could enter your bloodstream through the puncture wound.

• #5 Home Remedies for Spider Bites: Symptoms, Tips & More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/home-remedies-for-spider-bites

  Treatments to help relieve pain and inflammation include: topical or narcotic pain relievers, to help with pain and muscle spasms; diphenhydramine (Benadryl), to help relieve itching or allergic reactions; colchicine (Colcrys, Mitagare), to help reduce swelling and pain; nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) or aspirin, to help reduce inflammation and pain; corticosteroids, to help reduce inflammation. […] However, injecting corticosteroids into the spider bite or using a corticosteroid cream isn’t recommended and may make injuries worse. […] Call 911 or your local emergency services if you experience any of these more serious symptoms. […] If the bite is mild, there are many OTC and natural treatments that may be beneficial. If you were bitten by a more dangerous spider, or you’re unsure what bit you, call a doctor to make sure you get care.

• #6 Home Remedies for Spider Bites: Symptoms, Tips & More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/home-remedies-for-spider-bites

  You may find a cold compress or an ice pack soothing and can apply a bandage to protect the wound. […] If OTC creams and ointments don’t do the trick, or you want to help speed your healing, there are some natural home remedies for spider bites that may work. […] Aloe vera gel can soothe skin and help it heal faster. […] If you believe you’ve been bitten by a brown recluse or black widow spider, don’t delay getting medical care. Call a doctor instead. […] If you’re bitten by a spider whose venom you suspect is toxic to people, it’s important that you see a doctor as soon as you can. […] Treatments that may help if you’re bitten by a venomous spider include: antivenom, to neutralize venom; antibiotics, to treat or prevent secondary bacterial infections; dapsone (Aczone) or other antibiotics, to fight bacteria from a brown recluse spider.

• #7 How To Treat a Spider Bite at Home – Cleveland Clinic

  https://health.clevelandclinic.org/how-to-treat-spider-bites

  In addition to shying away from spiders, spider bites might fill you with fear, too. While its true that some spiders have venom thats harmful to humans, most dont and you can treat any bite effectively by following some very simple steps. […] First and foremost, if you feel a sting, try looking for what bit you. […] If youre unclear on your bites origins, err on the safe side and follow the same directions doctors recommend you use to treat a regular bite or another skin wound. […] Heres how to treat a spider bite: […] 1. Wash the bite with warm, soapy water […] 2. Apply ice to the bite […] 3. Take over-the-counter meds […] 4. Consider a tetanus shot or booster […] Dr. Bazzoli says applying aloe or peppermint oil to a bite can have some positive effects on a spider bite. […] But other home remedies commonly associated with treating spider bites baking soda, lemon juice, salt, charcoal arent effective or recommended.

• #8 9 Natural Remedies for Spider Bites

  https://www.innovativepest.com/9-natural-remedies-for-spider-bites/

  We have a few natural remedies that can remove the persistent itch or even give you quick pain relief. […] Baking Soda Paste: Mix a small amount of baking soda with water to create a paste, and gently apply it to the bite area. This simple combination is believed to help alleviate itching and reduce inflammation. […] Aloe Vera: Extract the gel from aloe vera leaves and apply a small quantity to the bite area. Aloe vera is known for its soothing and anti-inflammatory properties, which could help ease irritation. […] Witch Hazel: Apply witch hazel to a cotton ball and softly dab it onto the bite area. The astringent nature of witch hazel may assist in addressing itching and inflammation. […] Calendula Cream: Apply calendula cream to the bite area. Derived from marigold flowers, this cream can help soothe irritation and minimize redness, offering a natural approach to relieving discomfort.

• #9 9 Natural Remedies for Spider Bites

  https://www.innovativepest.com/9-natural-remedies-for-spider-bites/

  Tea Bags: Moisten tea bags, such as black or green tea, and place them gently on the bite. Tea contains tannins that could reduce inflammation and relieve itching. […] Honey: Apply a small amount of honey to the bite area and cover it with a clean bandage. Honeys antibacterial properties could support wound healing and offer relief from the bite. […] Oatmeal Bath: For larger bite areas, consider taking an oatmeal bath. Colloidal oatmeal into warm bathwater can provide a soothing experience that helps calm irritated skin and alleviate discomfort. […] Lavender Oil: Dilute a few drops of lavender essential oil with carrier oil, such as coconut or olive oil, and gently apply it to the bite area. […] Epsom Salt Soak: Dissolve Epsom salt in warm water and soak the affected area. Epsom salt may reduce swelling and discomfort, allowing the skin to recover and feel more at ease.

• #10 Spider bites – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/spider-bites/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352377

  For pain and muscle spasms, your doctor might prescribe pain medicine, muscle relaxants or both. You might also need a tetanus shot. […] If a black widow bite is causing severe pain or life-threatening symptoms, your doctor might recommend antivenom, which is usually given through a vein (intravenously). Symptoms usually ease within about 30 minutes of receiving the antivenom. Antivenom can cause serious allergic reactions, so it must be used with caution.

• #11 Spider Bites – Injuries; Poisoning – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/injuries-poisoning/bites-and-stings/spider-bites

  No intervention has been proved to reduce morbidity or improve outcome after a brown spider bite. Commonly touted or poorly studied treatment options are controversial or potentially harmful. […] For widow spider bites, medical attention is necessary if symptoms are moderate or severe; initial treatment is parenteral opioids and benzodiazepines. […] Symptomatic envenomation is initially treated supportively. Equine-derived antivenom is available, and a F(ab)2 antivenom is currently being studied. […] Although death from widow spider bites is rare, symptoms may persist for weeks or months, so antivenom is used if envenomation is severe or sometimes moderate. Antivenom is most effective when used early, but can be effective up to 36 hours after the bite. […] All tarantula bites are treated supportively.

• #11 Spider Bites – Injuries; Poisoning – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/injuries-poisoning/bites-and-stings/spider-bites

  Treatment of Spider Bites […] Routine wound care […] Delayed excision for necrotic brown spider bites […] Parenteral opioids, benzodiazepines, and antivenom for severe and sometimes moderate widow spider bites […] Treatment common to all spider bites includes wound cleaning, ice to reduce pain, extremity elevation, tetanus prophylaxis, and observation. Most local reactions respond to these measures alone. […] For brown spider bites, limiting intervention to standard wound care and measures that minimize infection risk is usually most prudent: […] Ulcerating lesions should be cleaned daily and debrided as needed; topical antibiotic ointment may be used. […] Urticarial lesions can be treated with antihistamines, topical corticosteroids, or both. […] Necrotic lesions caused by brown recluse spider bites should be cleaned and bandaged. Surgical excision, if necessary, should be delayed until the area of necrosis is fully demarcated, a process that may take weeks.

• #12 Get a Spider Bite? Here’s What You Need to Know

  https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/what-to-know-about-spider-bites

  See a doctor right away if you were bitten by a black widow and have extreme pain or other serious symptoms. They may need to give you antivenom through an IV. This takes about 30 minutes to work. But it can also cause allergic reactions in some people. […] Besides black widow antivenom, there arent any spider bite medications. But there are medicines that can help with the symptoms. Depending on how you feel, your doctor might prescribe: muscle relaxants, sedatives, pain medication. […] If the bite gets infected, you may need antibiotics. […] You might also need to get a tetanus booster. Thats because tetanus spores sometimes collect inside spider bites. […] Most times, spider bites are mild and get better on their own. This is true even for black widow and brown recluse bites. But sometimes, they can cause more serious reactions. Dangerous reactions are more common among children, people older than 60, and people who have medical conditions.

• #13 Black Widow Spider Bite Information & Treatment

  https://www.columbiadoctors.org/health-library/condition/black-widow-spider-bite/

  Medicine to counteract black widow spider venom (antivenom) is available in the United States, Mexico, and Canada. It is usually used if you have trouble breathing, have high blood pressure, or are pregnant. Children and older adults with some medical conditions may also be given the medicine if their symptoms are serious. […] Treatment also includes: […] Medicine for pain and spasms. Pain and spasms may be severe enough to require benzodiazepines, such as lorazepam (Ativan) or diazepam (Valium), or opioids, such as morphine or fentanyl. Calcium may also be used. […] Antihypertension medicines for high blood pressure.

• #14 Spider bite – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spider_bite

  Most spider bites are managed with supportive care such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (including ibuprofen) for pain and antihistamines for itchiness. […] Opioids may be used if the pain is severe. […] While an antivenom exists for black widow spider venom, it is associated with anaphylaxis and therefore not commonly used in the United States. […] Antivenom against funnel web spider venom improves outcomes. […] Surgery may be required to repair the area of injured skin from some recluse bites. […] Treatment of spider bites includes washing the wound with soap and water and ice to reduce inflammation. […] Analgesics and antihistamines may be used; however, antibiotics are not recommended unless there is also a bacterial infection present. […] In the case of bites by widow spiders, Australian funnel-web spiders, or Brazilian wandering spiders, medical attention should be sought immediately as in some cases the bites of these spiders develop into a medical emergency.

• #15 Spider Bites – Injuries and Poisoning – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/injuries-and-poisoning/bites-and-stings/spider-bites

  Serious injuries from spider bites can include severe wounds caused by the tissue-destroying venom of brown spiders and bodywide poisoning caused by the nerve-toxic venom of widow spiders. […] Brown spider bites are treated by caring for the wound. […] Widow spider bites are treated by relieving symptoms and sometimes giving antivenom. […] Cleaning the wound and applying ice. […] For widow spider bites, medications to relieve pain and muscle spasms and often antivenom. […] For brown spider bites, wound care and sometimes surgical wound repair. […] First-aid measures for a spider bite include cleaning the wound, applying ice to the bite to reduce pain, and, if the bite is on an extremity, elevating the wound site. […] For a widow spider bite, muscle pain and spasms can be relieved with benzodiazepines and opioids. Antivenom is given for severe and sometimes for moderate symptoms such as muscle cramping or other bodywide symptoms. […] Most brown spider bites heal without complications. Sores should be cleaned daily. Moderately to severely damaged wounds may require surgical procedures.

• #16 Brown Recluse Spider Bite Treatment and First Aid Information

  https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/spider-bite-brown-recluse-spider-bite-treatment

  Brown Recluse Spider Bite Treatment […] In children, brown recluse venom can cause dangerous complications. If you think a child was bitten by a brown recluse, go to the emergency room. Depending on how severe the bite is, they may need hospitalization or skin graft surgery. […] […] In adults, most brown recluse spider bites can be treated at home with good results. But less than about 10% of them cause ulcers or blisters that damage your skin so badly that you need a doctor’s care. In this case, you may need a skin graft. This is when a surgeon takes a healthy piece of skin from a different part of your body and uses it to cover the wound. The surgery will probably take place 4-6 weeks after the bite, as doing it too early could cause problems. […] […] Spider bites can become infected. Some spiders can spread tetanus, so you may need a tetanus booster. If you have an infection, you may need antibiotics. […]

• #17 Brown Recluse Spider Bite Information & Treatment

  https://www.columbiadoctors.org/health-library/condition/brown-recluse-spider-bite/

  A brown recluse bite can be serious and may require immediate medical care. […] A brown recluse bite can be serious and may require immediate medical care if you have severe symptoms throughout your body. Call your doctor if an open sore and necrosis develop. Necrosis is black, dead tissue. […] Treatment depends on how severe the bite is. For bites that: […] Hyperbaric oxygen therapy may also be used for tissue damage from a spider bite. […] Medicine to counteract brown recluse spider venom is not available in the United States or Canada.

• #18 Nonhealing Wounds Caused by Brown Spider Bites: Application of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27846029/

  Bites by Loxosceles spiders (also known as recluse spiders or brown spiders) can cause necrotic ulcerations of various sizes and dimensions. The current standard of care for brown spider bites includes analgesics, ice, compression, elevation, antihistamines, and surgical debridement. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in the treatment of brown spider bites has been administered in the early stage of ulceration, or 2 to 6 days after the bite. […] Hyperbaric oxygen therapy should be considered as a valuable therapeutic tool even months after the bite.

• #19 Brown Recluse Spider Bites — HyOx – Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Clinic

  https://www.hyox.com/brown-recluse-spider-bites

  Brown Recluse Spider Bites […] At first, a person bitten by a brown recluse may only notice irritation on the skin. After two to eight hours, the affected area becomes a papule (a small raised, solid swelling, typically inflamed but not producing pus). The papule turns white from the localized thrombosis, vasoconstriction and infarction of the tissue. A bite from the brown recluse causes a complex problem wound that can lead to significant tissue necrosis if left untreated. […] Treatment includes compression, ice, elevation, surgical debridement, antibiotics, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy administered early to avoid the wound from progressing. […] Victims of brown recluse spider bites benefit from adjunctive hyperbaric oxygen therapy by its ability to: Improve wound healing by supersaturating the body with oxygen. Boost the efficacy of antibiotic treatment. Promote collagen production and angiogenesis to get hyper-oxygenated blood to the affected area. […] Within two to six days – in the early stage of ulceration from the spider bite. Unfortunately, the diagnosis of spider bite-related ulcers is often delayed and weeks or months may elapse before hyperbaric oxygen is considered.

• #20 Brown Recluse Spider Envenomation Treatment & Management: Emergency Department Care, Consultations, Prevention

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/772295-treatment

  Other treatments such as colchicine, steroids, antivenom, nitroglycerin patches, and surgical excision have been reported, but insufficient data exist to support their clinical use today. […] Some evidence indicates that hyperbaric oxygen therapy is beneficial in an animal model for reducing skin lesion size, but controlled human studies of this technique have not been performed. […] Patients exhibiting signs of systemic toxicity should be admitted and evaluated for evidence of coagulopathy, hemolysis, hemoglobinuria, renal failure, or further progression of systemic illness. […] Urinalysis can provide early evidence of systemic involvement (eg, hemoglobinuria, myoglobinuria) and can be performed easily at the bedside in all patients. […] Admit patients to the hospital for observation if they have rapidly expanding lesions or show evidence of systemic toxicity.

• #21 Brown Recluse Spider Envenomation Medication: Antibiotics, Corticosteroids, Antihistamines

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/772295-medication

  Use tetanus prophylaxis, analgesics, and antipruritics as needed. Reserve antibiotics for evidence of true infection and do not administer prophylactically. Carlton recommends antihistamines and observation alone as treatment for brown recluse spider bites. […] No commercial antivenom for loxoscelism is currently approved for use in the United States. A horse-derived FAB antivenom is available in Argentina, Peru, Brazil, and Mexico, and it is indicated for cutaneous loxoscelism and cutaneous hemolytic manifestations. […] Antibiotics should not be used prophylactically. It has been suggested that antibiotics may minimize the local inflammatory component of cutaneous loxoscelism and decrease resulting skin necrosis. […] Use of corticosteroids is controversial in brown recluse spider bites. Evidence for using corticosteroids is insufficient. […] Antihistamines are used to treat minor allergic reactions and anaphylaxis. Diphenhydramine may be used to pretreat patients with prior documentation of minor allergic reactions. These agents may control itching by blocking effects of endogenously released histamine.

• #22 Prevention and Treatment of Spider Bites

  https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/prevention-and-treatment-of-spider-bites

  Nonpharmacologic treatment options for widow spider bites are rather minimal. The first suggested treatment is to cleanse the wound at the site of the bite. Since the goal is to prevent infection, soap and water are sufficient to cleanse the wound. The next step is to apply an ice pack or other cold substance to the affected area to help reduce local pain and inflammation. Nonpharmacologic treatment for recluse spider bites is similar to that for widow bites. The wound should first be cleansed to prevent infection. Then, a cold compress is applied to the affected area. The bite site should be immobilized and elevated if the bite occurred on an extremity. Lastly, tetanus prophylaxis should be given in the form of a tetanus booster. […] Initial pharmacologic therapy for widow bites is aimed at relieving the associated muscle pain and cramping. Formerly, calcium gluconate was a first-line option to treat the symptoms associated with widow spider envenomation. However, reviews of widow spider exposure cases have shown that this treatment is not as effective as the use of IV benzodiazepines and opioids such as morphine or meperidine. When the drugs were used as combination therapy, the mean doses of morphine and meperidine were 20 mg and 50 mg, respectively. Benzodiazepines, especially diazepam or lorazepam, usually relieve the symptoms of muscle rigidity and spasms, and opioids are used to lessen the pain that accompanies envenomation. This therapy usually suffices to maintain the patient until symptoms resolve.

• #23 Prevention and Treatment of Spider Bites

  https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/prevention-and-treatment-of-spider-bites

  Pharmacologic therapy for recluse bites is less clear owing to the scarcity of clinical trials on the subject. Therapies such as hyperbaric oxygen, dapsone, and cyproheptadine have been thought to show a benefit in treating recluse bites. However, a randomized, controlled trial in rabbits showed no additional benefit compared with the control group. Currently, an antivenom for recluse bites is not available in the U.S., and the usual therapy consists solely of supportive measures. Oral antihistamines such as diphenhydramine may be used to relieve itching and help heal necrotic wounds, and oral or parenteral analgesics may be used for pain relief. […] Spider bites can be managed nonpharmacologically and/or pharmacologically. Early wound care, such as applying ice and cleansing the wound, can help relieve pain and prevent infection. Pharmacologic therapy is aimed mainly at symptom relief. Oral and parenteral analgesics may be used to relieve severe pain, antihistamines may be used to relieve itching, and benzodiazepines may be used to relieve muscle spasms from widow bites. Currently, an antivenin is available for widow spider envenomation, but no such drug is approved for recluse spider envenomation.

• #24 Prevention and Treatment of Spider Bites

  https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/prevention-and-treatment-of-spider-bites

  In the case of severe toxicity associated with widow spider envenomation, a Latrodectus antivenin is available. Indications for antivenin use include uncontrolled hypertension, seizures, and respiratory arrest following envenomation. Antivenin use is usually considered up to 48 hours after a widow bite, but case reports have shown effectiveness for as long as 90 hours following exposure. Each vial of antivenin comes as a dry powder with a 2.5-mL vial of sterile diluent. The dosage for adults and children is the entire contents of the reconstituted vial, with administration either IM or via IV infusion in 10 to 50 mL of normal saline over a 15-minute time span. One dose is usually sufficient, and symptoms typically resolve in 1 to 3 hours. However, sometimes a second dose of antivenin may be necessary.

• #25 Common Spider Bites | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2007/0315/p869.html

  Antivenin is recommended for all patients with significant latrodectism following widow spider bites. […] Appropriate and timely tetanus prophylaxis is recommended following all envenoming spider bites. […] Wound cleansing and conservative debridement are recommended in managing necrotic arachnidism following Loxosceles bites. […] Local wound care of Latrodectus bites should include thorough wound cleansing and ice pack application. Other treatments include oral or parenteral analgesics, benzodiazepines for muscular spasm and rigidity, and tetanus prophylaxis. Latrodectus antivenin is indicated for patients manifesting severe regional or systemic toxicity, and for patients with uncontrolled hypertension, seizures, or respiratory arrest. […] Immediate wound care should include thorough cleansing, cold compresses, elevation of the bitten extremity, immobilization, oral or parenteral analgesics and antihistamines, and tetanus prophylaxis.

• #26 Common Spider Bites | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2007/0315/p869.html

  Wound care also should include debridement of necrotic tissues, culture-directed antibiotic therapy for secondary infections, and delayed excision of eschars, with split-thickness skin grafting as indicated. […] Hyperbaric oxygenation has been recommended to reverse the expanding dermonecrosis of loxoscelism, but it has shown mixed treatment outcomes and is not supported by controlled trials. […] The management of tarantula bites should be conservative and symptomatic, with thorough wound cleansing, tetanus prophylaxis, elevation of the bitten extremity, immobilization, and oral analgesics as needed.

• #27 Brown Recluse Spider Envenomation Treatment & Management: Emergency Department Care, Consultations, Prevention

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/772295-treatment

  Patients with rapidly expanding lesions require good conservative wound care, including splinting and elevation. Appropriately treat any bacterial superinfection that occurs. […] Carefully manage fluid and electrolytes in patients with evidence of systemic loxoscelism. Monitor patients’ renal status and provide blood transfusions as needed. A short course of oral prednisone may reduce hemolysis. These patients may be discharged when their renal and hematologic statuses are stable. […] Consult a plastic surgeon or other specialist with experience in wound management in patients who might require delayed skin grafting or have a prolonged recovery period. […] Before discharging patients from the hospital, instruct them on proper wound care techniques and in proper cooling of the lesion for the first 72 hours. Schedule patients for daily wound checks until the lesion is stable or improving.

• #28 What to Do About Spider Bites (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/spider-bites-sheet.html

  Most spider bites don’t go all the way through skin, so they usually cause only mild reactions. But a bite from a black widow spider or brown recluse spider can cause serious reactions and needs medical care right away. […] If your child has a spider bite: Wash the area with soap and water. Put an ice pack or a cool wet cloth on the bite area to relieve pain and swelling. Watch for redness, swelling, or other signs of the bite getting worse or infected. Call the doctor to make sure your child is up to date on their tetanus vaccine. […] Get Medical Care Right Away for a Spider Bite if: Your child has any signs of an allergic reaction. Your child develops any kind of rash after a bite. Your child has severe pain or cramping. The area begins to look infected (increasing redness, pain, swelling, warmth, or pus). You think your child was bitten by a brown recluse spider or black widow spider. Even without symptoms, have your child seen right away. Early treatment can help ease symptoms.

• #29 Content – Health Encyclopedia – University of Rochester Medical Center

  https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content?contenttypeid=90&contentid=p02850

  If your child is bitten by a spider, get medical help right away. You can also do the following right away to treat it: […] Treatment will depend on your child’s symptoms, age, and general health. It will also depend on how severe the condition is. […] Depending on the severity of the bite, your child may need surgery if the wound is infected or deep. No medicines have been found to help brown recluse bites. Your child may need to stay in the hospital for more treatment. […] Your child may need muscle relaxants, pain relievers, and other medicines. Some children need a special medicine that works against the poison (antivenin). Your child may need to stay in the hospital for further treatment.

• #30 Spider Bites | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/spider-bites

  It is estimated that less than three deaths per year occur from spider bites. However, most victims are children. […] The Regional Center for Poison Control and Prevention, based at Boston Children’s, provides 24-hour treatment and advice to health care professionals and the public on all types of poisoning, including spider bites. The center provides emergency care, follow-up services, seminars on toxicology and poisoning prevention and more. […] Your child’s physician will determine specific treatment for a brown recluse spider bite. Advice for home treatment includes: […] Seek immediate emergency care for further treatment. Depending on the severity of the bite, treatment can range from administering corticosteroids and other medications to surgery of the ulcerated area. Hospitalization may be needed.

• #31 Spider Bites | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/spider-bites

  Your child’s physician will determine specific treatment for a black widow spider bite. Advice for initial treatment includes: […] Seek immediate emergency care for further treatment. Depending on the severity of the bite, treatment may include muscle relaxants, pain relievers and other medications, and supportive care. Antivenin may be needed, although it’s usually not required. Hospitalization may be needed.

• #32 Spider Bites | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/s/spider-bites.html

  For a black widow spider bite, you may need emergency care right away for more treatment. Depending on the severity of the bite, treatment may include muscle relaxants, pain relievers and other medicines, and supportive care. In rare cases, a medicine called antivenin may be needed. But it is often not needed. Hospitalization may be needed. […] Quick treatment of both types of spider bites is key to preventing more serious complications, especially in children. […] […] Prompt treatment of both types of spider bites is key to preventing more serious complications, especially in children.

• #33 Get a Spider Bite? Here’s What You Need to Know

  https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/what-to-know-about-spider-bites

  Call your doctor right away if: You have a headache, cramping, chills, a fever, body aches, nausea or vomiting, or other body-wide symptoms. […] Get emergency help if you have: Severe pain, a fever, stomach cramps, nausea or vomiting, vision problems, weakness, paralysis, or other body-wide symptoms. […] If you think a child was bitten by a black widow or brown recluse, go to the emergency room right away.

• #34

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=abo1649

  After being bitten by a brown recluse spider, you may have red skin and a blister where you were bitten. You may also have intense pain and itching around the bite. This may last a few hours. […] In some cases, an open sore or black skin can appear around the bite. This can happen a week or more after you were bitten. This is a serious problem that needs medical attention. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line (811 in most provinces and territories) if you are having problems. […] If your doctor prescribed antibiotics, take them as directed. Do not stop taking them just because you feel better. You need to take the full course of antibiotics. […] Call your doctor or nurse advice line now or seek immediate medical care if: You get an open sore or black skin at the bite area. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if: You have new or worse pain at the bite area.

• #35 What Should I do if I Get a Spider Bite? – familydoctor.org

  https://familydoctor.org/spider-bites/

  However, some spider bites may be more severe. Contact your doctor right away if you have any of the following after being bit: Pain in other parts of your body, including a headache or cramping in your belly. Redness that spreads. Fluid that leaks from the bite area. The bite area looks like a bullseye or turns into an open sore. Fever, chills, body aches. Nausea and vomiting. Pain that keeps getting worse 24 hours after you were bit. […] Your doctor may prescribe an antibiotic to kill an infection from the bite. They may give you a tetanus shot if you haven’t had one in the past 5 years. […] Seek emergency treatment right away if you have any of the following symptoms. They may mean you’re having a severe allergic reaction: Fast heart rate. Trouble breathing or swallowing. Tightness in your chest. Swelling in your mouth or face.

• #36 Identifying Spider Bites: Symptoms & Treatment | UPMC HealthBeat

  https://share.upmc.com/2014/10/identifying-spider-bites/

  There are two specific spiders in the United States the brown recluse and the black widow that can cause serious and even fatal illnesses. It is important to be able to identify these spider bites in order to seek proper treatment. […] Unlike common house spider or wood spider bites, brown recluse spider bites may require treatment from a health care provider. The venom can damage tissue surrounding the bite and may cause complications, such as: […] First aid treatment for brown recluse spider bites should focus on keeping the affected area clean and protected. If blistering or a bulls eye-shaped wound develops, visit an urgent care facility immediately. […] Black widow spider bites require immediate medical attention. If you think you have a black widow spider bite and are having trouble breathing or experiencing full-body symptoms, such as shock, call 911.

• #37 Brown Recluse Spider Envenomation Treatment & Management: Emergency Department Care, Consultations, Prevention

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/772295-treatment

  At each follow-up visit for the first 72 hours, perform a urine bedside test for blood and a CBC count with platelet count to assess for any evidence of systemic toxicity. […] Inform patients that the development of fever or dark urine necessitates immediate return to the ED or a call to their primary physician.

• #38 Prevention and Treatment of Spider Bites

  https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/prevention-and-treatment-of-spider-bites

  In the United States, only two genera of spiders are venomous enough to be considered medically relevant. These are the widow spiders (Latrodectus) and the recluse spiders (Loxosceles). While these venomous exposures are rarely fatal, bites can often lead to extremely painful muscle spasms or even skin necrosis. Nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic treatment options are available, including an antivenin for widow bites and opioids and benzodiazepines for symptom relief. Pharmacist involvement includes giving advice about prevention and treatment and providing appropriate patient counseling on prescribed or administered medications. […] Although bites from widows or recluses can be alarming and appear quite serious, they often resolve without causing serious injury or death. The envenomation from a widow spider typically resolves within 2 to 3 days, but that from a recluse spider takes longer to resolve. Necrotic wounds caused by recluse bites take about 1 to 8 weeks to heal with proper wound care. Treatment options include nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic modalities.

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