Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Assessment of tachycardia – Differential diagnosis of symptoms | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/830

  Tachycardia is the most common cause of sustained tachycardia, as it is usually a normal physiological response to emotional or physical stimulation. […] Atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia in clinical practice, with an estimated global prevalence of 50 million in 2020. […] Up to 9% of patients aged 80 years or older have atrial fibrillation. […] In the US, the prevalence of atrial fibrillation is estimated to increase from approximately 5.2 million in 2010 to 12.1 million in 2030. […] In the European Union, prevalence of atrial fibrillation (in adults aged 55 years) is projected to increase from 8.8 million in 2010 to 17.9 million by 2060. […] The incidence of atrial flutter has been reported as 88 cases per 100,000 person-years; it is more common in men, with increasing age, and in those with heart failure or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

• #2 Supraventricular Tachycardias: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/doctor/supraventricular-tachycardia-in-adults

  How common is supraventricular tachycardia? (Epidemiology)4 […] The prevalence of SVT is 2.25/1,000 persons and the incidence is 35/100,000 person-years. […] Women have a two times greater risk of developing SVT than men. […] People aged over 65 years have more than five times the risk of developing SVT than younger individuals. […] In a paediatric cohort study of almost 2 million live births between 2000 and 2008, 2,021 patients (51.6% male, overall incidence 1.03/1000) had SVT (Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome accounted for 16.2%). By the age of 15 years, the annual risk of sudden death was 0.01% per patient-year. […] In the general population, the prevalence of a WPW pattern on ECG ranges from 0.15-0.25%, increasing to 0.55% among first-degree relatives of affected patients. However, not all patients develop SVT and intermittent pre-excitation is not rare.

• #3 Common Types of Supraventricular Tachycardia: Diagnosis and Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2010/1015/p942.html/1000

  SVTs (excluding atrial fibrillation or flutter and multifocal AT) have an estimated incidence of 35 per 100,000 person-years, with a prevalence of 2.29 per 1,000 persons.7 Although AVNRT is the most common SVT in adults (approximately 50 to 60 percent),4 AVRT is most common in children (accounts for approximately 30 percent of all SVTs).4,5 […] AVNRT and AVRT are electrical aberrancies that occur mainly as a result of reentry. […] The most common type of SVT is AVNRT. Most patients with AVNRT do not have structural heart disease; the group most often affected is young, healthy women.8 However, some patients do have underlying heart disease, such as pericarditis, previous myocardial infarction, or mitral valve prolapse.9 […] The second most common type of SVT is AVRT. Patients with this arrhythmia typically present at a younger age than those with AVNRT.

• #4 Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia: Background, Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/156670-overview

  The incidence of paroxysmal SVT is approximately 36 per 100,000 persons. […] Atrial fibrillation is the most common, affecting 3 million people in the United States alone, with prevalence of 0.4-1% in the population. It is estimated that atrial fibrillation will affect more than 7.5 million people by 2050. […] In a population-based study, the incidence of paroxysmal SVT was 35 cases per 100,000 person-years and peak incidence was in the middle age people. […] AVNRT is more common in patients who are middle-aged or older, while adolescents are more likely to have SVT mediated by an accessory pathway like AVRT. […] The incidence rate of the WPW pattern on ECG tracings is 0.1-0.3% in the general population, although not all patients develop SVT. […] Paroxysmal SVT is observed not only in healthy individuals; it is also common in patients with previous myocardial infarction, mitral valve prolapse, rheumatic heart disease, pericarditis, pneumonia, chronic lung disease, and current alcohol intoxication.

• #5 Supraventricular tachycardia – Knowledge @ AMBOSS

  https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/supraventricular-tachycardia/

  Epidemiology of SVT: 2.3 per 1000. […] Incidence of PSVT: 36 per 100,000 per year. […] Risk factors include underlying structural heart disease, family history of SVT or sudden cardiac death, and use of certain medications or illicit drugs. […] Epidemiological data refers to the US, unless otherwise specified.

• #6 Assessment of tachycardia – Differential diagnosis of symptoms | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/830

  PSVT, defined as intermittent supraventricular tachycardia (AV node re-entry tachycardia, AV reciprocating tachycardia, or atrial tachycardia) has an incidence of 57.8 cases per 100,000 person-years and a prevalence of 1.26 million people in the US. […] Most cases of supraventricular tachycardia are due to AV nodal re-entrant tachycardia (60% of cases); the remainder are due to AV reciprocating tachycardia (30%) and atrial tachycardia (10%). […] The prevalence of inappropriate sinus tachycardia is not well known and the underlying mechanisms are likely to be multifactorial, but patients are often young (age 15 to 50 years) and female. […] The prevalence of ventricular tachyarrhythmia is highly dependent on its type and duration.

• #7 Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia: Background, Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/156670-overview

  Most series of catheter ablation reflect a higher proportion of female patients with AVNRT than male patients. […] In a population-based study, the risk of developing paroxysmal SVT was twice as high in women as it was in men. […] The prevalence of paroxysmal SVT increases with age, with an estimated 5-fold likelihood of affecting older people than younger ones.

• #8 Supraventricular Tachycardias: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/doctor/supraventricular-tachycardia-in-adults

  How common is supraventricular tachycardia? (Epidemiology)4 […] The prevalence of SVT is 2.25/1,000 persons and the incidence is 35/100,000 person-years. […] Women have a two times greater risk of developing SVT than men. […] People aged over 65 years have more than five times the risk of developing SVT than younger individuals. […] In a paediatric cohort study of almost 2 million live births between 2000 and 2008, 2,021 patients (51.6% male, overall incidence 1.03/1000) had SVT (Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome accounted for 16.2%). By the age of 15 years, the annual risk of sudden death was 0.01% per patient-year. […] In the general population, the prevalence of a WPW pattern on ECG ranges from 0.15-0.25%, increasing to 0.55% among first-degree relatives of affected patients. However, not all patients develop SVT and intermittent pre-excitation is not rare.

• #9 Supraventricular Tachycardia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441972/

  Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia has an incidence of 35 per 10,000 person-years, or 2.29 per 1000 individuals, making it the most common tachyarrhythmia among young adults. Women are at a 2-fold higher risk of developing paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia compared to men, whereas older individuals have a 5-fold increased risk compared to younger individuals. […] Supraventricular tachycardia is the most common symptomatic arrhythmia in infants and children. Children with congenital heart diseases, such as the Ebstein anomaly of the tricuspid valve, are at higher risk for atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia. In addition, young adults who have undergone Fontan surgery or surgery for tetralogy of Fallot are at an increased risk for atrial arrhythmias. In children younger than 12, an accessory atrioventricular pathway causing reentrant tachycardia is the most prevalent cause of supraventricular tachycardia.

• #10 Supraventricular Tachycardias: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/doctor/supraventricular-tachycardia-in-adults

  How common is supraventricular tachycardia? (Epidemiology)4 […] The prevalence of SVT is 2.25/1,000 persons and the incidence is 35/100,000 person-years. […] Women have a two times greater risk of developing SVT than men. […] People aged over 65 years have more than five times the risk of developing SVT than younger individuals. […] In a paediatric cohort study of almost 2 million live births between 2000 and 2008, 2,021 patients (51.6% male, overall incidence 1.03/1000) had SVT (Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome accounted for 16.2%). By the age of 15 years, the annual risk of sudden death was 0.01% per patient-year. […] In the general population, the prevalence of a WPW pattern on ECG ranges from 0.15-0.25%, increasing to 0.55% among first-degree relatives of affected patients. However, not all patients develop SVT and intermittent pre-excitation is not rare.

• #11 Supraventricular Tachycardia | 5-Minute Pediatric Consult

  https://peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/5-Minute-Pediatric-Consult/617022/all/Supraventricular_Tachycardia?q=Conjunctivitis

  SVT is the most common arrhythmia in childhood. […] Incidence of SVT is 35 per 100,000 per year. […] Prevalence of SVT is 1 in 250 to 25,000 children. […] AVRT is the most common type of SVT in children, occurring in ~75% of cases. […] 5060% of pediatric patients with SVT present in the 1st year of life.

• #12 Common Types of Supraventricular Tachycardia: Diagnosis and Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2010/1015/p942.html/1000

  SVTs (excluding atrial fibrillation or flutter and multifocal AT) have an estimated incidence of 35 per 100,000 person-years, with a prevalence of 2.29 per 1,000 persons.7 Although AVNRT is the most common SVT in adults (approximately 50 to 60 percent),4 AVRT is most common in children (accounts for approximately 30 percent of all SVTs).4,5 […] AVNRT and AVRT are electrical aberrancies that occur mainly as a result of reentry. […] The most common type of SVT is AVNRT. Most patients with AVNRT do not have structural heart disease; the group most often affected is young, healthy women.8 However, some patients do have underlying heart disease, such as pericarditis, previous myocardial infarction, or mitral valve prolapse.9 […] The second most common type of SVT is AVRT. Patients with this arrhythmia typically present at a younger age than those with AVNRT.

• #13 Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/atrioventricular-nodal-reentrant-tachycardia

  Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is the most common form of regular, sustained, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT), accounting for nearly two-thirds of all PSVTs, and is more common in female patients. AVNRT can present at any age; however, patients usually experience their first episode in adolescence or young adulthood. In a series of 231 patients with AVNRT, the mean age of symptom onset was 32 years, with two-thirds of cases beginning after the age of 20. AVNRT usually occurs in patients with otherwise normal hearts; however, it can occur in patients with structural heart disease. Rare cases of familial AVNRT have also been reported. […] Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) generally requires the existence of dual electrical pathways in the AV node. The physiologic substrate for AVNRT usually involves dual (ie, fast and slow) electrical pathways that lead to the compact AV node (ie, the dense, functional core of the AV node). Approximately 10 to 20 percent of the general population has dual pathways.

• #14 Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/atrioventricular-nodal-reentrant-tachycardia

  Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is the most common form of regular, sustained, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT), accounting for nearly two-thirds of all PSVTs, and is more common in female patients. AVNRT can present at any age; however, patients usually experience their first episode in adolescence or young adulthood. In a series of 231 patients with AVNRT, the mean age of symptom onset was 32 years, with two-thirds of cases beginning after the age of 20. AVNRT usually occurs in patients with otherwise normal hearts; however, it can occur in patients with structural heart disease. Rare cases of familial AVNRT have also been reported. […] Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) generally requires the existence of dual electrical pathways in the AV node. The physiologic substrate for AVNRT usually involves dual (ie, fast and slow) electrical pathways that lead to the compact AV node (ie, the dense, functional core of the AV node). Approximately 10 to 20 percent of the general population has dual pathways.

• #15 Common Types of Supraventricular Tachycardia: Diagnosis and Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2010/1015/p942.html/1000

  SVTs (excluding atrial fibrillation or flutter and multifocal AT) have an estimated incidence of 35 per 100,000 person-years, with a prevalence of 2.29 per 1,000 persons.7 Although AVNRT is the most common SVT in adults (approximately 50 to 60 percent),4 AVRT is most common in children (accounts for approximately 30 percent of all SVTs).4,5 […] AVNRT and AVRT are electrical aberrancies that occur mainly as a result of reentry. […] The most common type of SVT is AVNRT. Most patients with AVNRT do not have structural heart disease; the group most often affected is young, healthy women.8 However, some patients do have underlying heart disease, such as pericarditis, previous myocardial infarction, or mitral valve prolapse.9 […] The second most common type of SVT is AVRT. Patients with this arrhythmia typically present at a younger age than those with AVNRT.

• #16 Supraventricular Tachycardia | 5-Minute Pediatric Consult

  https://peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/5-Minute-Pediatric-Consult/617022/all/Supraventricular_Tachycardia?q=Conjunctivitis

  SVT is the most common arrhythmia in childhood. […] Incidence of SVT is 35 per 100,000 per year. […] Prevalence of SVT is 1 in 250 to 25,000 children. […] AVRT is the most common type of SVT in children, occurring in ~75% of cases. […] 5060% of pediatric patients with SVT present in the 1st year of life.

• #17 Common Types of Supraventricular Tachycardia: Diagnosis and Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2010/1015/p942.html/1000

  SVTs (excluding atrial fibrillation or flutter and multifocal AT) have an estimated incidence of 35 per 100,000 person-years, with a prevalence of 2.29 per 1,000 persons.7 Although AVNRT is the most common SVT in adults (approximately 50 to 60 percent),4 AVRT is most common in children (accounts for approximately 30 percent of all SVTs).4,5 […] AVNRT and AVRT are electrical aberrancies that occur mainly as a result of reentry. […] The most common type of SVT is AVNRT. Most patients with AVNRT do not have structural heart disease; the group most often affected is young, healthy women.8 However, some patients do have underlying heart disease, such as pericarditis, previous myocardial infarction, or mitral valve prolapse.9 […] The second most common type of SVT is AVRT. Patients with this arrhythmia typically present at a younger age than those with AVNRT.

• #18 Common Types of Supraventricular Tachycardia: Diagnosis and Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2010/1015/p942.html/1000

  The third most common type of SVT is AT (approximately 10 percent); it originates from a single atrial focus.6 This SVT, if focal, usually has a definitive localized origin, such as adjacent to the crista terminalis in the right atrium or the ostia of the pulmonary veins in the left atrium.14,15 Another form, multifocal AT, often occurs in patients with heart failure or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.16

• #19 Atrial Tachycardia: Diagnosis – The Cardiology Advisor

  https://www.thecardiologyadvisor.com/ddi/atrial-tachycardia-diagnosis/

  Atrial tachycardia is a heart rhythm in which the heart beats faster than 100 beats per minute due to an electrical signal in the atria. It is one type of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT), a term referring to a group of arrhythmias that originate above the atrioventricular junction (AVJ) and that generally begin and end abruptly. Collectively, the PSVTs are thought to affect 36 per 100,000 persons per year in the United States. Women are at twice the risk of PSVT compared to men, while older people face a fivefold risk compared with younger people. Of all PSVTs, atrial tachycardia is the least common, accounting for approximately 1 in 10 cases. Among patients referred for supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) ablation, focal atrial tachycardia (FAT) is present in 3% to 17%. […] Prognosis depends on the underlying cause. Unifocal atrial tachycardia is usually benign in adults and may not require treatment if it is not sustained. On the other hand, incessant atrial tachycardia can contribute directly to tachycardic cardiomyopathy and reversible heart failure. The prognosis of MAT will relate in large part to underlying lung disease. Treatment for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia includes a variety of antiarrhythmic drugs and/or catheter ablation of the abnormal focus or foci. Collectively, the SVTs are thought to be a common reason patients visit a primary care provider or emergency department. However, these arrhythmias seldom result in inpatient admission.

• #20 Atrial Tachycardia: Diagnosis – The Cardiology Advisor

  https://www.thecardiologyadvisor.com/ddi/atrial-tachycardia-diagnosis/

  Atrial tachycardia is a heart rhythm in which the heart beats faster than 100 beats per minute due to an electrical signal in the atria. It is one type of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT), a term referring to a group of arrhythmias that originate above the atrioventricular junction (AVJ) and that generally begin and end abruptly. Collectively, the PSVTs are thought to affect 36 per 100,000 persons per year in the United States. Women are at twice the risk of PSVT compared to men, while older people face a fivefold risk compared with younger people. Of all PSVTs, atrial tachycardia is the least common, accounting for approximately 1 in 10 cases. Among patients referred for supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) ablation, focal atrial tachycardia (FAT) is present in 3% to 17%. […] Prognosis depends on the underlying cause. Unifocal atrial tachycardia is usually benign in adults and may not require treatment if it is not sustained. On the other hand, incessant atrial tachycardia can contribute directly to tachycardic cardiomyopathy and reversible heart failure. The prognosis of MAT will relate in large part to underlying lung disease. Treatment for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia includes a variety of antiarrhythmic drugs and/or catheter ablation of the abnormal focus or foci. Collectively, the SVTs are thought to be a common reason patients visit a primary care provider or emergency department. However, these arrhythmias seldom result in inpatient admission.

• #21 Supraventricular Tachycardia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441972/

  Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia has an incidence of 35 per 10,000 person-years, or 2.29 per 1000 individuals, making it the most common tachyarrhythmia among young adults. Women are at a 2-fold higher risk of developing paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia compared to men, whereas older individuals have a 5-fold increased risk compared to younger individuals. […] Supraventricular tachycardia is the most common symptomatic arrhythmia in infants and children. Children with congenital heart diseases, such as the Ebstein anomaly of the tricuspid valve, are at higher risk for atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia. In addition, young adults who have undergone Fontan surgery or surgery for tetralogy of Fallot are at an increased risk for atrial arrhythmias. In children younger than 12, an accessory atrioventricular pathway causing reentrant tachycardia is the most prevalent cause of supraventricular tachycardia.

• #22 Supraventricular Tachycardia in Infants: Epidemiology and Clinica…: Ingenta Connect

  https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/ben/cpd/2008/00000014/00000008/art00002

  Supraventricular tachycardias (SVTs) are observed in 0,1-0,4% of the paediatric population and represent an important clinical problem with related significant health and social issues. […] In this review, the epidemiologic data regarding the SVTs in pediatric age are reported along with the description of the pathophysiological mechanisms and the analysis of electrocardiographic findings to be considered for a correct clinical diagnosis and a rational therapeutic approach to these arrhythmias.

• #23 Supraventricular tachycardia: Causes and Treatment

  https://patient.info/doctor/paediatric-supraventricular-tachycardia

  How common is supraventricular tachycardia? (Epidemiology) […] Incidence of SVT is estimated to occur in 1 in 250 otherwise healthy children. […] About 50% of children with SVT present with the first episode in the first year of life. […] After infancy there is another surge in incidence in early childhood (6-9 years) and then in adolescence. […] In more than 90% of infants spontaneous resolution occurs by 1 year of age but up to a third have subsequent recurrence of SVT at a mean age of 8 years. Spontaneous resolution is uncommon (15%) in those presenting after 1 year of age. […] The most common type of SVT in children and adolescents is AVRT, with the relative proportion of patients with AVNRT increasing with age. […] Most children with SVT have a structurally normal heart but the prevalence of congenital heart disease in patients with SVT is substantially higher than that of the general population (9-32%). The most recognised association is between WPW syndrome and Ebstein’s anomaly. […] SVT is one of the most common conditions requiring emergency cardiac care in neonates. Atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia utilising an atrioventricular bypass tract is the most common form of SVT presenting in the neonatal period.

• #24 Supraventricular tachycardia: Causes and Treatment

  https://patient.info/doctor/paediatric-supraventricular-tachycardia

  How common is supraventricular tachycardia? (Epidemiology) […] Incidence of SVT is estimated to occur in 1 in 250 otherwise healthy children. […] About 50% of children with SVT present with the first episode in the first year of life. […] After infancy there is another surge in incidence in early childhood (6-9 years) and then in adolescence. […] In more than 90% of infants spontaneous resolution occurs by 1 year of age but up to a third have subsequent recurrence of SVT at a mean age of 8 years. Spontaneous resolution is uncommon (15%) in those presenting after 1 year of age. […] The most common type of SVT in children and adolescents is AVRT, with the relative proportion of patients with AVNRT increasing with age. […] Most children with SVT have a structurally normal heart but the prevalence of congenital heart disease in patients with SVT is substantially higher than that of the general population (9-32%). The most recognised association is between WPW syndrome and Ebstein’s anomaly. […] SVT is one of the most common conditions requiring emergency cardiac care in neonates. Atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia utilising an atrioventricular bypass tract is the most common form of SVT presenting in the neonatal period.

• #25 Supraventricular tachycardia: Causes and Treatment

  https://patient.info/doctor/paediatric-supraventricular-tachycardia

  How common is supraventricular tachycardia? (Epidemiology) […] Incidence of SVT is estimated to occur in 1 in 250 otherwise healthy children. […] About 50% of children with SVT present with the first episode in the first year of life. […] After infancy there is another surge in incidence in early childhood (6-9 years) and then in adolescence. […] In more than 90% of infants spontaneous resolution occurs by 1 year of age but up to a third have subsequent recurrence of SVT at a mean age of 8 years. Spontaneous resolution is uncommon (15%) in those presenting after 1 year of age. […] The most common type of SVT in children and adolescents is AVRT, with the relative proportion of patients with AVNRT increasing with age. […] Most children with SVT have a structurally normal heart but the prevalence of congenital heart disease in patients with SVT is substantially higher than that of the general population (9-32%). The most recognised association is between WPW syndrome and Ebstein’s anomaly. […] SVT is one of the most common conditions requiring emergency cardiac care in neonates. Atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia utilising an atrioventricular bypass tract is the most common form of SVT presenting in the neonatal period.

• #26 Ventricular Tachycardia: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/159075-overview

  Ventricular tachycardia (VT) and coronary artery disease (CAD) are common throughout most of the developed world. In developing countries, VT and other heart diseases are relatively less common. […] The incidence of VT in the United States is not well quantified, because of the clinical overlap of VT with ventricular fibrillation (VF), but examination of sudden death data provides a rough estimate of VT incidence. Most sudden cardiac deaths are caused by VT or VF, at an estimated rate of approximately 300,000 deaths per year in the United States, or about half of the estimated cardiac mortality. […] A prospective surveillance study gave a sudden death incidence of 53 per 100,000 population, accounting for 5.6% of all mortality. […] Morbidity from VT is associated with hemodynamic collapse. Resuscitated survivors may suffer ischemic encephalopathy, acute renal insufficiency, transient ventricular dysfunction, aspiration pneumonitis, and trauma related to resuscitative efforts.

• #27 Ventricular tachycardia | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/ventricular-tachycardia?lang=us

  Ventricular tachycardia is the major cause of sudden cardiac death with an estimated rate of 300,000 deaths each year in the United States. […] Risk factors of ventricular tachycardia include hypertension, valvular disease, coronary artery disease, and cardiomyopathy.

• #28 Ventricular Tachycardia: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/159075-overview

  Ventricular tachycardia (VT) and coronary artery disease (CAD) are common throughout most of the developed world. In developing countries, VT and other heart diseases are relatively less common. […] The incidence of VT in the United States is not well quantified, because of the clinical overlap of VT with ventricular fibrillation (VF), but examination of sudden death data provides a rough estimate of VT incidence. Most sudden cardiac deaths are caused by VT or VF, at an estimated rate of approximately 300,000 deaths per year in the United States, or about half of the estimated cardiac mortality. […] A prospective surveillance study gave a sudden death incidence of 53 per 100,000 population, accounting for 5.6% of all mortality. […] Morbidity from VT is associated with hemodynamic collapse. Resuscitated survivors may suffer ischemic encephalopathy, acute renal insufficiency, transient ventricular dysfunction, aspiration pneumonitis, and trauma related to resuscitative efforts.

• #29 Ventricular Tachycardia: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/159075-overview

  Ventricular tachycardia (VT) and coronary artery disease (CAD) are common throughout most of the developed world. In developing countries, VT and other heart diseases are relatively less common. […] The incidence of VT in the United States is not well quantified, because of the clinical overlap of VT with ventricular fibrillation (VF), but examination of sudden death data provides a rough estimate of VT incidence. Most sudden cardiac deaths are caused by VT or VF, at an estimated rate of approximately 300,000 deaths per year in the United States, or about half of the estimated cardiac mortality. […] A prospective surveillance study gave a sudden death incidence of 53 per 100,000 population, accounting for 5.6% of all mortality. […] Morbidity from VT is associated with hemodynamic collapse. Resuscitated survivors may suffer ischemic encephalopathy, acute renal insufficiency, transient ventricular dysfunction, aspiration pneumonitis, and trauma related to resuscitative efforts.

• #30 Ventricular tachycardia epidemiology and demographics – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Ventricular_tachycardia_epidemiology_and_demographics

  VT is more prevalent among patients with coronary artery disease. Eldery patients are more commonly affected by ideopathic VT. Ideopathic VT is commonly observed in women. There is no racial predilection for VT. […] The prevalence of ventricular arrhythmia is approximately 69000 per 100,000 men and 68000 per 100,0000 women with coronary artery disease worldwide. […] The prevalence of ventricular tachycardia is approximately 54,000 per 100,000 in men and 55,000 per 100,000 in women with hypertension, valvular heart disease, or cardiomyopathy without coronary artery disease and 31000 per 100,000 in men and 30,000 per 100,000 in women with no cardiovascular disease. […] Between 2005-2013, the incidence of vetricular arrhythmia associated cardiomyopathy was estimated to be 28,800 cases per 100,000 individuals in Minnesota. […] Ideopathic Ventricular tachycardia is more commonly observed among elderly patients. […] Females are more commonly affected with ideopathic VT than men. […] There is no racial predilection for ventricular arrhythmia.

• #31 Ventricular tachycardia epidemiology and demographics – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Ventricular_tachycardia_epidemiology_and_demographics

  VT is more prevalent among patients with coronary artery disease. Eldery patients are more commonly affected by ideopathic VT. Ideopathic VT is commonly observed in women. There is no racial predilection for VT. […] The prevalence of ventricular arrhythmia is approximately 69000 per 100,000 men and 68000 per 100,0000 women with coronary artery disease worldwide. […] The prevalence of ventricular tachycardia is approximately 54,000 per 100,000 in men and 55,000 per 100,000 in women with hypertension, valvular heart disease, or cardiomyopathy without coronary artery disease and 31000 per 100,000 in men and 30,000 per 100,000 in women with no cardiovascular disease. […] Between 2005-2013, the incidence of vetricular arrhythmia associated cardiomyopathy was estimated to be 28,800 cases per 100,000 individuals in Minnesota. […] Ideopathic Ventricular tachycardia is more commonly observed among elderly patients. […] Females are more commonly affected with ideopathic VT than men. […] There is no racial predilection for ventricular arrhythmia.

• #32 Ventricular tachycardia epidemiology and demographics – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Ventricular_tachycardia_epidemiology_and_demographics

  VT is more prevalent among patients with coronary artery disease. Eldery patients are more commonly affected by ideopathic VT. Ideopathic VT is commonly observed in women. There is no racial predilection for VT. […] The prevalence of ventricular arrhythmia is approximately 69000 per 100,000 men and 68000 per 100,0000 women with coronary artery disease worldwide. […] The prevalence of ventricular tachycardia is approximately 54,000 per 100,000 in men and 55,000 per 100,000 in women with hypertension, valvular heart disease, or cardiomyopathy without coronary artery disease and 31000 per 100,000 in men and 30,000 per 100,000 in women with no cardiovascular disease. […] Between 2005-2013, the incidence of vetricular arrhythmia associated cardiomyopathy was estimated to be 28,800 cases per 100,000 individuals in Minnesota. […] Ideopathic Ventricular tachycardia is more commonly observed among elderly patients. […] Females are more commonly affected with ideopathic VT than men. […] There is no racial predilection for ventricular arrhythmia.

• #33 Wide Complex Tachycardia – The Cardiology Advisor

  https://www.thecardiologyadvisor.com/ddi/wide-complex-tachycardia/

  Wide complex tachycardia is a major contributor to sudden cardiac death. Approximately 80% of wide complex tachycardia cases are due to ventricular tachycardia, and this estimate may be even higher given the difficulty in gathering accurate data. In the United States, ventricular tachycardia alone accounts for approximately 50% of cardiac deaths and 15% of all-cause deaths. Ventricular tachycardia that progresses to ventricular fibrillation (VF) often results in sudden death. […] The most common subtype of supraventricular wide complex tachycardia is aberrant conduction. In aberrant conduction, supraventricular electrical impulses are conducted through the ventricle tissues. Aberrant conduction accounts for approximately 15% of wide complex tachycardia cases.

• #34 Wide Complex Tachycardia – The Cardiology Advisor

  https://www.thecardiologyadvisor.com/ddi/wide-complex-tachycardia/

  Wide complex tachycardia is a major contributor to sudden cardiac death. Approximately 80% of wide complex tachycardia cases are due to ventricular tachycardia, and this estimate may be even higher given the difficulty in gathering accurate data. In the United States, ventricular tachycardia alone accounts for approximately 50% of cardiac deaths and 15% of all-cause deaths. Ventricular tachycardia that progresses to ventricular fibrillation (VF) often results in sudden death. […] The most common subtype of supraventricular wide complex tachycardia is aberrant conduction. In aberrant conduction, supraventricular electrical impulses are conducted through the ventricle tissues. Aberrant conduction accounts for approximately 15% of wide complex tachycardia cases.

• #35 Sinus Tachycardia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK553128/

  Sinus tachycardia is a common, intermittent, and short-lived cardiac rhythm. Inappropriate sinus tachycardia is a diagnosis of exclusion that occurs in patients without an underlying etiology for the sinus tachycardia. It is thought to be a rare condition, often seen in young females and healthcare professionals. Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome is also often seen in young females and is a common orthostatic disease seen after stress (i.e., sepsis, pregnancy, surgery, or trauma). […] The evaluation of persistent sinus tachycardia at rest involves a careful assessment of first whether tachycardia is an appropriate response and then focus on identifying the underlying cause. […] Persistent sinus tachycardia at rest requires an evaluation by a medical professional. Early identification and intervention may result in favorable patient outcomes depending on the underlying etiology.

• #36 Assessment of tachycardia – Differential diagnosis of symptoms | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/830

  Tachycardia is the most common cause of sustained tachycardia, as it is usually a normal physiological response to emotional or physical stimulation. […] Atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia in clinical practice, with an estimated global prevalence of 50 million in 2020. […] Up to 9% of patients aged 80 years or older have atrial fibrillation. […] In the US, the prevalence of atrial fibrillation is estimated to increase from approximately 5.2 million in 2010 to 12.1 million in 2030. […] In the European Union, prevalence of atrial fibrillation (in adults aged 55 years) is projected to increase from 8.8 million in 2010 to 17.9 million by 2060. […] The incidence of atrial flutter has been reported as 88 cases per 100,000 person-years; it is more common in men, with increasing age, and in those with heart failure or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

• #37 Inappropriate sinus tachycardia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inappropriate_sinus_tachycardia

  Inappropriate sinus tachycardia, defined as 24-hour average HR 90 bpm and HR 100 bpm in a supine or sitting position, has a prevalence of 1.16% in the general population. […] The epidemiology of Inappropriate sinus tachycardia is not well understood. IST can occur at any age, but it is most common in adolescents and young adults. […] Inappropriate sinus tachycardia was previously thought to be a rare condition affecting young women, with health professionals being overrepresented. This characterization may better define the group of IST patients who are most symptomatic and/or likely to seek medical attention, as opposed to the entire cohort of Inappropriate sinus tachycardia patients. […] In IST, the most common comorbidities are psychiatric, including a history of depression in 25.6% as well as anxiety in 24.6%. Higher rates of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hypothyroidism have been identified in those with IST, though lower rates of hyperthyroidism have been observed. 28.2% of patients reported an event or physical condition preceding the onset of IST symptoms. Pregnancy was the most common identifiable initiating factor in IST patients (7.9%).

• #38 Inappropriate sinus tachycardia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inappropriate_sinus_tachycardia

  Inappropriate sinus tachycardia, defined as 24-hour average HR 90 bpm and HR 100 bpm in a supine or sitting position, has a prevalence of 1.16% in the general population. […] The epidemiology of Inappropriate sinus tachycardia is not well understood. IST can occur at any age, but it is most common in adolescents and young adults. […] Inappropriate sinus tachycardia was previously thought to be a rare condition affecting young women, with health professionals being overrepresented. This characterization may better define the group of IST patients who are most symptomatic and/or likely to seek medical attention, as opposed to the entire cohort of Inappropriate sinus tachycardia patients. […] In IST, the most common comorbidities are psychiatric, including a history of depression in 25.6% as well as anxiety in 24.6%. Higher rates of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hypothyroidism have been identified in those with IST, though lower rates of hyperthyroidism have been observed. 28.2% of patients reported an event or physical condition preceding the onset of IST symptoms. Pregnancy was the most common identifiable initiating factor in IST patients (7.9%).

• #39 Inappropriate sinus tachycardia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inappropriate_sinus_tachycardia

  Inappropriate sinus tachycardia, defined as 24-hour average HR 90 bpm and HR 100 bpm in a supine or sitting position, has a prevalence of 1.16% in the general population. […] The epidemiology of Inappropriate sinus tachycardia is not well understood. IST can occur at any age, but it is most common in adolescents and young adults. […] Inappropriate sinus tachycardia was previously thought to be a rare condition affecting young women, with health professionals being overrepresented. This characterization may better define the group of IST patients who are most symptomatic and/or likely to seek medical attention, as opposed to the entire cohort of Inappropriate sinus tachycardia patients. […] In IST, the most common comorbidities are psychiatric, including a history of depression in 25.6% as well as anxiety in 24.6%. Higher rates of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hypothyroidism have been identified in those with IST, though lower rates of hyperthyroidism have been observed. 28.2% of patients reported an event or physical condition preceding the onset of IST symptoms. Pregnancy was the most common identifiable initiating factor in IST patients (7.9%).

• #40 Dysautonomia International: Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome

  http://www.dysautonomiainternational.org/page.php?ID=30

  Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a common autonomic nervous system disorder characterized by an excessively fast heart rate and symptoms of lightheadedness upon standing. […] Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, POTS was estimated to impact 1-3 million Americans, and millions of other people around the world. Experts estimate that the POTS population has doubled since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic.

• #41 Dysautonomia International: Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome

  http://www.dysautonomiainternational.org/page.php?ID=30

  Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a common autonomic nervous system disorder characterized by an excessively fast heart rate and symptoms of lightheadedness upon standing. […] Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, POTS was estimated to impact 1-3 million Americans, and millions of other people around the world. Experts estimate that the POTS population has doubled since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic.

• #42 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-Postural-Orthostatic-Tachycardia-Syndrome-(POTS).aspx

  Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, one of the most widespread types of orthostatic intolerance in the world, the prevalence ranges between 0.2% and 1.00% in developed countries. It is estimated to impact about 500000 patients in the United States. POTS primarily affects younger people, with an 80 percent female gender predominance. Young, premenopausal Caucasian girls between the ages of 15 and 45 make up the vast majority of POTS patients, with the bulk of cases being diagnosed between the ages of 15 and 25. […] For clinicians and affected patients, the heterogeneity and broad spectrum of POTS-related symptoms present a significant problem. Additionally, due to POTS’ poorly understood pathophysiology, treating the disease’s underlying causes is practically impossible, and care of the condition is typically centered on symptom relief. POTS’ long-term prognosis has not been thoroughly studied.

• #43 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-Postural-Orthostatic-Tachycardia-Syndrome-(POTS).aspx

  Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, one of the most widespread types of orthostatic intolerance in the world, the prevalence ranges between 0.2% and 1.00% in developed countries. It is estimated to impact about 500000 patients in the United States. POTS primarily affects younger people, with an 80 percent female gender predominance. Young, premenopausal Caucasian girls between the ages of 15 and 45 make up the vast majority of POTS patients, with the bulk of cases being diagnosed between the ages of 15 and 25. […] For clinicians and affected patients, the heterogeneity and broad spectrum of POTS-related symptoms present a significant problem. Additionally, due to POTS’ poorly understood pathophysiology, treating the disease’s underlying causes is practically impossible, and care of the condition is typically centered on symptom relief. POTS’ long-term prognosis has not been thoroughly studied.

• #44 Ventricular Tachycardia: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/159075-overview

  VT is unusual in children but may occur in the postoperative cardiac setting or in patients with associated congenital heart disease. Tachydysrhythmias in children are more commonly due to paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardias (PSVTs). […] The incidence of ischemic VT increases with age, regardless of sex, as the prevalence of CAD increases. VT rates peak in the middle decades of life, in concert with the incidence of structural heart disease. Idiopathic VT can be observed at any age. […] VT is observed more frequently in men because ischemic heart disease is more prevalent in men. Among patients with CAD in the Framingham Heart Study, male deaths were more common than female deaths (46% vs 34%, respectively). […] It seems certain that as CAD becomes more common in women, the incidence of VT in women will increase. […] Females with acquired or congenital long QT syndromes are at greater risk for sudden death. The opposite is true for arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (a two-fold male predominance) and Brugada syndrome (an approximately eight-fold male predominance).

• #45 Ventricular Tachycardia: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/159075-overview

  VT is unusual in children but may occur in the postoperative cardiac setting or in patients with associated congenital heart disease. Tachydysrhythmias in children are more commonly due to paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardias (PSVTs). […] The incidence of ischemic VT increases with age, regardless of sex, as the prevalence of CAD increases. VT rates peak in the middle decades of life, in concert with the incidence of structural heart disease. Idiopathic VT can be observed at any age. […] VT is observed more frequently in men because ischemic heart disease is more prevalent in men. Among patients with CAD in the Framingham Heart Study, male deaths were more common than female deaths (46% vs 34%, respectively). […] It seems certain that as CAD becomes more common in women, the incidence of VT in women will increase. […] Females with acquired or congenital long QT syndromes are at greater risk for sudden death. The opposite is true for arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (a two-fold male predominance) and Brugada syndrome (an approximately eight-fold male predominance).

• #46 Ventricular Tachycardia: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/159075-overview

  VT is unusual in children but may occur in the postoperative cardiac setting or in patients with associated congenital heart disease. Tachydysrhythmias in children are more commonly due to paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardias (PSVTs). […] The incidence of ischemic VT increases with age, regardless of sex, as the prevalence of CAD increases. VT rates peak in the middle decades of life, in concert with the incidence of structural heart disease. Idiopathic VT can be observed at any age. […] VT is observed more frequently in men because ischemic heart disease is more prevalent in men. Among patients with CAD in the Framingham Heart Study, male deaths were more common than female deaths (46% vs 34%, respectively). […] It seems certain that as CAD becomes more common in women, the incidence of VT in women will increase. […] Females with acquired or congenital long QT syndromes are at greater risk for sudden death. The opposite is true for arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (a two-fold male predominance) and Brugada syndrome (an approximately eight-fold male predominance).

• #47 Supraventricular Tachycardia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441972/

  Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia has an incidence of 35 per 10,000 person-years, or 2.29 per 1000 individuals, making it the most common tachyarrhythmia among young adults. Women are at a 2-fold higher risk of developing paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia compared to men, whereas older individuals have a 5-fold increased risk compared to younger individuals. […] Supraventricular tachycardia is the most common symptomatic arrhythmia in infants and children. Children with congenital heart diseases, such as the Ebstein anomaly of the tricuspid valve, are at higher risk for atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia. In addition, young adults who have undergone Fontan surgery or surgery for tetralogy of Fallot are at an increased risk for atrial arrhythmias. In children younger than 12, an accessory atrioventricular pathway causing reentrant tachycardia is the most prevalent cause of supraventricular tachycardia.

• #48 Supraventricular Tachycardia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441972/

  Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia has an incidence of 35 per 10,000 person-years, or 2.29 per 1000 individuals, making it the most common tachyarrhythmia among young adults. Women are at a 2-fold higher risk of developing paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia compared to men, whereas older individuals have a 5-fold increased risk compared to younger individuals. […] Supraventricular tachycardia is the most common symptomatic arrhythmia in infants and children. Children with congenital heart diseases, such as the Ebstein anomaly of the tricuspid valve, are at higher risk for atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia. In addition, young adults who have undergone Fontan surgery or surgery for tetralogy of Fallot are at an increased risk for atrial arrhythmias. In children younger than 12, an accessory atrioventricular pathway causing reentrant tachycardia is the most prevalent cause of supraventricular tachycardia.

• #49

  https://step2.medbullets.com/cardiovascular/120019/supraventricular-tachycardia

  Epidemiology […] Precipitating factors […] excessive caffeine or alcohol […] hyperthyroidism […] illicit drug use […] […] […] Complications […] Tachycardia-mediated cardiomyopathy

• #50 Inappropriate sinus tachycardia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inappropriate_sinus_tachycardia

  Inappropriate sinus tachycardia, defined as 24-hour average HR 90 bpm and HR 100 bpm in a supine or sitting position, has a prevalence of 1.16% in the general population. […] The epidemiology of Inappropriate sinus tachycardia is not well understood. IST can occur at any age, but it is most common in adolescents and young adults. […] Inappropriate sinus tachycardia was previously thought to be a rare condition affecting young women, with health professionals being overrepresented. This characterization may better define the group of IST patients who are most symptomatic and/or likely to seek medical attention, as opposed to the entire cohort of Inappropriate sinus tachycardia patients. […] In IST, the most common comorbidities are psychiatric, including a history of depression in 25.6% as well as anxiety in 24.6%. Higher rates of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hypothyroidism have been identified in those with IST, though lower rates of hyperthyroidism have been observed. 28.2% of patients reported an event or physical condition preceding the onset of IST symptoms. Pregnancy was the most common identifiable initiating factor in IST patients (7.9%).

• #51 Charting New Frontiers in Arrhythmia Care: The Growing

  https://www.openpr.com/news/4005223/charting-new-frontiers-in-arrhythmia-care-the-growing

  Ventricular tachycardia (VT) remains one of the most serious cardiac arrhythmias, characterized by rapid, potentially life threatening heartbeats originating in the ventricles. […] Recent epidemiological studies estimate that hundreds of thousands of patients worldwide experience sustained VT each year, with higher prevalence among individuals with ischemic cardiomyopathy, heart failure, and genetic channelopathies. […] As heart failure clinics expand and screening intensifies, clinicians are detecting arrhythmic substrates earlier, prompting timely therapeutic intervention. […] Aging populations and improved survival rates following myocardial infarction have led to more patients at risk for VT. […] North America accounts for the largest share of the VT treatment market, supported by widespread adoption of electrophysiology services, robust reimbursement for ablation and ICD implantation, and a strong pipeline of clinical trials.

• #52 Charting New Frontiers in Arrhythmia Care: The Growing

  https://www.openpr.com/news/4005223/charting-new-frontiers-in-arrhythmia-care-the-growing

  Ventricular tachycardia (VT) remains one of the most serious cardiac arrhythmias, characterized by rapid, potentially life threatening heartbeats originating in the ventricles. […] Recent epidemiological studies estimate that hundreds of thousands of patients worldwide experience sustained VT each year, with higher prevalence among individuals with ischemic cardiomyopathy, heart failure, and genetic channelopathies. […] As heart failure clinics expand and screening intensifies, clinicians are detecting arrhythmic substrates earlier, prompting timely therapeutic intervention. […] Aging populations and improved survival rates following myocardial infarction have led to more patients at risk for VT. […] North America accounts for the largest share of the VT treatment market, supported by widespread adoption of electrophysiology services, robust reimbursement for ablation and ICD implantation, and a strong pipeline of clinical trials.

• #53 Charting New Frontiers in Arrhythmia Care: The Growing

  https://www.openpr.com/news/4005223/charting-new-frontiers-in-arrhythmia-care-the-growing

  Europe follows closely, with nations such as Germany, France, and the U.K. investing in specialized VT centers of excellence and national registries that inform best practices. […] Asia Pacific represents the fastest growing region. Economic development, urbanization, and expanded access to tertiary cardiac care in China, Japan, and India are driving market expansion. […] The ventricular tachycardia treatment market stands at the nexus of innovation and clinical necessity.

• #54 Charting New Frontiers in Arrhythmia Care: The Growing

  https://www.openpr.com/news/4005223/charting-new-frontiers-in-arrhythmia-care-the-growing

  Europe follows closely, with nations such as Germany, France, and the U.K. investing in specialized VT centers of excellence and national registries that inform best practices. […] Asia Pacific represents the fastest growing region. Economic development, urbanization, and expanded access to tertiary cardiac care in China, Japan, and India are driving market expansion. […] The ventricular tachycardia treatment market stands at the nexus of innovation and clinical necessity.

• #55 Assessment of tachycardia – Differential diagnosis of symptoms | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/830

  Tachycardia is the most common cause of sustained tachycardia, as it is usually a normal physiological response to emotional or physical stimulation. […] Atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia in clinical practice, with an estimated global prevalence of 50 million in 2020. […] Up to 9% of patients aged 80 years or older have atrial fibrillation. […] In the US, the prevalence of atrial fibrillation is estimated to increase from approximately 5.2 million in 2010 to 12.1 million in 2030. […] In the European Union, prevalence of atrial fibrillation (in adults aged 55 years) is projected to increase from 8.8 million in 2010 to 17.9 million by 2060. […] The incidence of atrial flutter has been reported as 88 cases per 100,000 person-years; it is more common in men, with increasing age, and in those with heart failure or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

• #56 Assessment of tachycardia – Differential diagnosis of symptoms | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/830

  Tachycardia is the most common cause of sustained tachycardia, as it is usually a normal physiological response to emotional or physical stimulation. […] Atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia in clinical practice, with an estimated global prevalence of 50 million in 2020. […] Up to 9% of patients aged 80 years or older have atrial fibrillation. […] In the US, the prevalence of atrial fibrillation is estimated to increase from approximately 5.2 million in 2010 to 12.1 million in 2030. […] In the European Union, prevalence of atrial fibrillation (in adults aged 55 years) is projected to increase from 8.8 million in 2010 to 17.9 million by 2060. […] The incidence of atrial flutter has been reported as 88 cases per 100,000 person-years; it is more common in men, with increasing age, and in those with heart failure or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

• #57 Assessment of tachycardia – Differential diagnosis of symptoms | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/830

  Tachycardia is the most common cause of sustained tachycardia, as it is usually a normal physiological response to emotional or physical stimulation. […] Atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia in clinical practice, with an estimated global prevalence of 50 million in 2020. […] Up to 9% of patients aged 80 years or older have atrial fibrillation. […] In the US, the prevalence of atrial fibrillation is estimated to increase from approximately 5.2 million in 2010 to 12.1 million in 2030. […] In the European Union, prevalence of atrial fibrillation (in adults aged 55 years) is projected to increase from 8.8 million in 2010 to 17.9 million by 2060. […] The incidence of atrial flutter has been reported as 88 cases per 100,000 person-years; it is more common in men, with increasing age, and in those with heart failure or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

• #58 Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia Market to Show Immense Growth During the Study Period (2020-2034) | DelveInsight

  https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/paroxysmal-supraventricular-tachycardia-market-to-show-immense-growth-during-the-study-period-20202034–delveinsight-302164240.html

  According to DelveInsight’s estimates, the paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia market in the 7MM is expected to show positive growth, during the forecast period (20242034), mainly attributed to the launch of upcoming therapies and the increasing diagnosed prevalence of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. […] The paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia epidemiology section provides insights into the historical and current paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia patient pool and forecasted trends for the 7MM. […] The dynamics of the paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia market are expected to change in the coming years. Increased awareness among healthcare professionals about PSVT symptoms and diagnostic methods contributes to early detection and intervention, while ongoing research and development efforts could lead to new and more targeted treatment options for PSVT, improving efficacy and reducing side effects.

• #59 Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia Market to Show Immense Growth During the Study Period (2020-2034) | DelveInsight

  https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/paroxysmal-supraventricular-tachycardia-market-to-show-immense-growth-during-the-study-period-20202034–delveinsight-302164240.html

  However several factors may impede the growth of the paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia market. The lack of public awareness may lead to delayed diagnosis and treatment of PSVT, as individuals might not recognize the symptoms, posing research obstacles, with only a few attempts made to develop medications for the condition. […] Moreover, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia treatment poses a significant economic burden and disrupts patients’ overall well-being and QOL.

• #60 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-Postural-Orthostatic-Tachycardia-Syndrome-(POTS).aspx

  Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, one of the most widespread types of orthostatic intolerance in the world, the prevalence ranges between 0.2% and 1.00% in developed countries. It is estimated to impact about 500000 patients in the United States. POTS primarily affects younger people, with an 80 percent female gender predominance. Young, premenopausal Caucasian girls between the ages of 15 and 45 make up the vast majority of POTS patients, with the bulk of cases being diagnosed between the ages of 15 and 25. […] For clinicians and affected patients, the heterogeneity and broad spectrum of POTS-related symptoms present a significant problem. Additionally, due to POTS’ poorly understood pathophysiology, treating the disease’s underlying causes is practically impossible, and care of the condition is typically centered on symptom relief. POTS’ long-term prognosis has not been thoroughly studied.

• #61 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-Postural-Orthostatic-Tachycardia-Syndrome-(POTS).aspx

  Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, one of the most widespread types of orthostatic intolerance in the world, the prevalence ranges between 0.2% and 1.00% in developed countries. It is estimated to impact about 500000 patients in the United States. POTS primarily affects younger people, with an 80 percent female gender predominance. Young, premenopausal Caucasian girls between the ages of 15 and 45 make up the vast majority of POTS patients, with the bulk of cases being diagnosed between the ages of 15 and 25. […] For clinicians and affected patients, the heterogeneity and broad spectrum of POTS-related symptoms present a significant problem. Additionally, due to POTS’ poorly understood pathophysiology, treating the disease’s underlying causes is practically impossible, and care of the condition is typically centered on symptom relief. POTS’ long-term prognosis has not been thoroughly studied.

• #62 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-Postural-Orthostatic-Tachycardia-Syndrome-(POTS).aspx

  Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, one of the most widespread types of orthostatic intolerance in the world, the prevalence ranges between 0.2% and 1.00% in developed countries. It is estimated to impact about 500000 patients in the United States. POTS primarily affects younger people, with an 80 percent female gender predominance. Young, premenopausal Caucasian girls between the ages of 15 and 45 make up the vast majority of POTS patients, with the bulk of cases being diagnosed between the ages of 15 and 25. […] For clinicians and affected patients, the heterogeneity and broad spectrum of POTS-related symptoms present a significant problem. Additionally, due to POTS’ poorly understood pathophysiology, treating the disease’s underlying causes is practically impossible, and care of the condition is typically centered on symptom relief. POTS’ long-term prognosis has not been thoroughly studied.

• #63 Charting New Frontiers in Arrhythmia Care: The Growing

  https://www.openpr.com/news/4005223/charting-new-frontiers-in-arrhythmia-care-the-growing

  Ventricular tachycardia (VT) remains one of the most serious cardiac arrhythmias, characterized by rapid, potentially life threatening heartbeats originating in the ventricles. […] Recent epidemiological studies estimate that hundreds of thousands of patients worldwide experience sustained VT each year, with higher prevalence among individuals with ischemic cardiomyopathy, heart failure, and genetic channelopathies. […] As heart failure clinics expand and screening intensifies, clinicians are detecting arrhythmic substrates earlier, prompting timely therapeutic intervention. […] Aging populations and improved survival rates following myocardial infarction have led to more patients at risk for VT. […] North America accounts for the largest share of the VT treatment market, supported by widespread adoption of electrophysiology services, robust reimbursement for ablation and ICD implantation, and a strong pipeline of clinical trials.

• #64 Exploring Supraventricular Tachycardia – Professional Heart Daily | American Heart Association

  https://professional.heart.org/en/education/exploring-supraventricular-tachycardia

  In this podcast, we delve into the case of a 50-year-old female experiencing palpitations, chest discomfort, and shortness of breath. We will explore various diagnostic options for patients without previously diagnosed supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), including the use of consumer devices and remote monitoring with medical devices. […] Moderated by Dr. Cicely Dye, this podcast features Dr. Kamala Tamirisa and Dr. Annabelle Santos Volgman as they examine the case of a 22-year-old G1P0 woman with a narrow complex tachycardia. Learn as they discuss the epidemiology of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) in pregnancy, consider the impact on maternal and fetal outcomes, and explore treatment options during pregnancy and in the peripartum time period.

• #65 Sinus Tachycardia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK553128/

  Sinus tachycardia is a common, intermittent, and short-lived cardiac rhythm. Inappropriate sinus tachycardia is a diagnosis of exclusion that occurs in patients without an underlying etiology for the sinus tachycardia. It is thought to be a rare condition, often seen in young females and healthcare professionals. Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome is also often seen in young females and is a common orthostatic disease seen after stress (i.e., sepsis, pregnancy, surgery, or trauma). […] The evaluation of persistent sinus tachycardia at rest involves a careful assessment of first whether tachycardia is an appropriate response and then focus on identifying the underlying cause. […] Persistent sinus tachycardia at rest requires an evaluation by a medical professional. Early identification and intervention may result in favorable patient outcomes depending on the underlying etiology.

• #66 Sinus Tachycardia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK553128/

  Sinus tachycardia is a common, intermittent, and short-lived cardiac rhythm. Inappropriate sinus tachycardia is a diagnosis of exclusion that occurs in patients without an underlying etiology for the sinus tachycardia. It is thought to be a rare condition, often seen in young females and healthcare professionals. Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome is also often seen in young females and is a common orthostatic disease seen after stress (i.e., sepsis, pregnancy, surgery, or trauma). […] The evaluation of persistent sinus tachycardia at rest involves a careful assessment of first whether tachycardia is an appropriate response and then focus on identifying the underlying cause. […] Persistent sinus tachycardia at rest requires an evaluation by a medical professional. Early identification and intervention may result in favorable patient outcomes depending on the underlying etiology.

• #67 Supraventricular Tachycardia | 5-Minute Pediatric Consult

  https://peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/5-Minute-Pediatric-Consult/617022/all/Supraventricular_Tachycardia?q=Conjunctivitis

  SVT is the most common arrhythmia in childhood. […] Incidence of SVT is 35 per 100,000 per year. […] Prevalence of SVT is 1 in 250 to 25,000 children. […] AVRT is the most common type of SVT in children, occurring in ~75% of cases. […] 5060% of pediatric patients with SVT present in the 1st year of life.

• #68 Supraventricular Tachycardia | 5-Minute Pediatric Consult

  https://peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/5-Minute-Pediatric-Consult/617022/all/Supraventricular_Tachycardia?q=Conjunctivitis

  SVT is the most common arrhythmia in childhood. […] Incidence of SVT is 35 per 100,000 per year. […] Prevalence of SVT is 1 in 250 to 25,000 children. […] AVRT is the most common type of SVT in children, occurring in ~75% of cases. […] 5060% of pediatric patients with SVT present in the 1st year of life.

• #69 Supraventricular Tachycardia | 5-Minute Pediatric Consult

  https://peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/5-Minute-Pediatric-Consult/617022/all/Supraventricular_Tachycardia?q=Conjunctivitis

  SVT is the most common arrhythmia in childhood. […] Incidence of SVT is 35 per 100,000 per year. […] Prevalence of SVT is 1 in 250 to 25,000 children. […] AVRT is the most common type of SVT in children, occurring in ~75% of cases. […] 5060% of pediatric patients with SVT present in the 1st year of life.

• #70 Supraventricular Tachycardia | 5-Minute Pediatric Consult

  https://peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/5-Minute-Pediatric-Consult/617022/all/Supraventricular_Tachycardia?q=Conjunctivitis

  SVT is the most common arrhythmia in childhood. […] Incidence of SVT is 35 per 100,000 per year. […] Prevalence of SVT is 1 in 250 to 25,000 children. […] AVRT is the most common type of SVT in children, occurring in ~75% of cases. […] 5060% of pediatric patients with SVT present in the 1st year of life.

• #71 Supraventricular Tachycardia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441972/

  Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia has an incidence of 35 per 10,000 person-years, or 2.29 per 1000 individuals, making it the most common tachyarrhythmia among young adults. Women are at a 2-fold higher risk of developing paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia compared to men, whereas older individuals have a 5-fold increased risk compared to younger individuals. […] Supraventricular tachycardia is the most common symptomatic arrhythmia in infants and children. Children with congenital heart diseases, such as the Ebstein anomaly of the tricuspid valve, are at higher risk for atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia. In addition, young adults who have undergone Fontan surgery or surgery for tetralogy of Fallot are at an increased risk for atrial arrhythmias. In children younger than 12, an accessory atrioventricular pathway causing reentrant tachycardia is the most prevalent cause of supraventricular tachycardia.

• #72 Ventricular Tachycardia: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/159075-overview

  VT is unusual in children but may occur in the postoperative cardiac setting or in patients with associated congenital heart disease. Tachydysrhythmias in children are more commonly due to paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardias (PSVTs). […] The incidence of ischemic VT increases with age, regardless of sex, as the prevalence of CAD increases. VT rates peak in the middle decades of life, in concert with the incidence of structural heart disease. Idiopathic VT can be observed at any age. […] VT is observed more frequently in men because ischemic heart disease is more prevalent in men. Among patients with CAD in the Framingham Heart Study, male deaths were more common than female deaths (46% vs 34%, respectively). […] It seems certain that as CAD becomes more common in women, the incidence of VT in women will increase. […] Females with acquired or congenital long QT syndromes are at greater risk for sudden death. The opposite is true for arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (a two-fold male predominance) and Brugada syndrome (an approximately eight-fold male predominance).

• #73 Assessment of tachycardia – Differential diagnosis of symptoms | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/830

  Tachycardia is the most common cause of sustained tachycardia, as it is usually a normal physiological response to emotional or physical stimulation. […] Atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia in clinical practice, with an estimated global prevalence of 50 million in 2020. […] Up to 9% of patients aged 80 years or older have atrial fibrillation. […] In the US, the prevalence of atrial fibrillation is estimated to increase from approximately 5.2 million in 2010 to 12.1 million in 2030. […] In the European Union, prevalence of atrial fibrillation (in adults aged 55 years) is projected to increase from 8.8 million in 2010 to 17.9 million by 2060. […] The incidence of atrial flutter has been reported as 88 cases per 100,000 person-years; it is more common in men, with increasing age, and in those with heart failure or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

• #74 Supraventricular Tachycardia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441972/

  Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia has an incidence of 35 per 10,000 person-years, or 2.29 per 1000 individuals, making it the most common tachyarrhythmia among young adults. Women are at a 2-fold higher risk of developing paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia compared to men, whereas older individuals have a 5-fold increased risk compared to younger individuals. […] Supraventricular tachycardia is the most common symptomatic arrhythmia in infants and children. Children with congenital heart diseases, such as the Ebstein anomaly of the tricuspid valve, are at higher risk for atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia. In addition, young adults who have undergone Fontan surgery or surgery for tetralogy of Fallot are at an increased risk for atrial arrhythmias. In children younger than 12, an accessory atrioventricular pathway causing reentrant tachycardia is the most prevalent cause of supraventricular tachycardia.

• #75 Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia: Background, Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/156670-overview

  Most series of catheter ablation reflect a higher proportion of female patients with AVNRT than male patients. […] In a population-based study, the risk of developing paroxysmal SVT was twice as high in women as it was in men. […] The prevalence of paroxysmal SVT increases with age, with an estimated 5-fold likelihood of affecting older people than younger ones.

• #76 Ventricular Tachycardia: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/159075-overview

  VT is unusual in children but may occur in the postoperative cardiac setting or in patients with associated congenital heart disease. Tachydysrhythmias in children are more commonly due to paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardias (PSVTs). […] The incidence of ischemic VT increases with age, regardless of sex, as the prevalence of CAD increases. VT rates peak in the middle decades of life, in concert with the incidence of structural heart disease. Idiopathic VT can be observed at any age. […] VT is observed more frequently in men because ischemic heart disease is more prevalent in men. Among patients with CAD in the Framingham Heart Study, male deaths were more common than female deaths (46% vs 34%, respectively). […] It seems certain that as CAD becomes more common in women, the incidence of VT in women will increase. […] Females with acquired or congenital long QT syndromes are at greater risk for sudden death. The opposite is true for arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (a two-fold male predominance) and Brugada syndrome (an approximately eight-fold male predominance).

• #77 Ventricular Tachycardia: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/159075-overview

  VT is unusual in children but may occur in the postoperative cardiac setting or in patients with associated congenital heart disease. Tachydysrhythmias in children are more commonly due to paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardias (PSVTs). […] The incidence of ischemic VT increases with age, regardless of sex, as the prevalence of CAD increases. VT rates peak in the middle decades of life, in concert with the incidence of structural heart disease. Idiopathic VT can be observed at any age. […] VT is observed more frequently in men because ischemic heart disease is more prevalent in men. Among patients with CAD in the Framingham Heart Study, male deaths were more common than female deaths (46% vs 34%, respectively). […] It seems certain that as CAD becomes more common in women, the incidence of VT in women will increase. […] Females with acquired or congenital long QT syndromes are at greater risk for sudden death. The opposite is true for arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (a two-fold male predominance) and Brugada syndrome (an approximately eight-fold male predominance).

• #78 Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia: Background, Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/156670-overview

  Most series of catheter ablation reflect a higher proportion of female patients with AVNRT than male patients. […] In a population-based study, the risk of developing paroxysmal SVT was twice as high in women as it was in men. […] The prevalence of paroxysmal SVT increases with age, with an estimated 5-fold likelihood of affecting older people than younger ones.

• #79 Supraventricular Tachycardias: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/doctor/supraventricular-tachycardia-in-adults

  How common is supraventricular tachycardia? (Epidemiology)4 […] The prevalence of SVT is 2.25/1,000 persons and the incidence is 35/100,000 person-years. […] Women have a two times greater risk of developing SVT than men. […] People aged over 65 years have more than five times the risk of developing SVT than younger individuals. […] In a paediatric cohort study of almost 2 million live births between 2000 and 2008, 2,021 patients (51.6% male, overall incidence 1.03/1000) had SVT (Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome accounted for 16.2%). By the age of 15 years, the annual risk of sudden death was 0.01% per patient-year. […] In the general population, the prevalence of a WPW pattern on ECG ranges from 0.15-0.25%, increasing to 0.55% among first-degree relatives of affected patients. However, not all patients develop SVT and intermittent pre-excitation is not rare.

• #80 Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia: Background, Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/156670-overview

  Most series of catheter ablation reflect a higher proportion of female patients with AVNRT than male patients. […] In a population-based study, the risk of developing paroxysmal SVT was twice as high in women as it was in men. […] The prevalence of paroxysmal SVT increases with age, with an estimated 5-fold likelihood of affecting older people than younger ones.

• #81 Ventricular tachycardia epidemiology and demographics – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Ventricular_tachycardia_epidemiology_and_demographics

  VT is more prevalent among patients with coronary artery disease. Eldery patients are more commonly affected by ideopathic VT. Ideopathic VT is commonly observed in women. There is no racial predilection for VT. […] The prevalence of ventricular arrhythmia is approximately 69000 per 100,000 men and 68000 per 100,0000 women with coronary artery disease worldwide. […] The prevalence of ventricular tachycardia is approximately 54,000 per 100,000 in men and 55,000 per 100,000 in women with hypertension, valvular heart disease, or cardiomyopathy without coronary artery disease and 31000 per 100,000 in men and 30,000 per 100,000 in women with no cardiovascular disease. […] Between 2005-2013, the incidence of vetricular arrhythmia associated cardiomyopathy was estimated to be 28,800 cases per 100,000 individuals in Minnesota. […] Ideopathic Ventricular tachycardia is more commonly observed among elderly patients. […] Females are more commonly affected with ideopathic VT than men. […] There is no racial predilection for ventricular arrhythmia.

• #82 Ventricular Tachycardia: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/159075-overview

  VT is unusual in children but may occur in the postoperative cardiac setting or in patients with associated congenital heart disease. Tachydysrhythmias in children are more commonly due to paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardias (PSVTs). […] The incidence of ischemic VT increases with age, regardless of sex, as the prevalence of CAD increases. VT rates peak in the middle decades of life, in concert with the incidence of structural heart disease. Idiopathic VT can be observed at any age. […] VT is observed more frequently in men because ischemic heart disease is more prevalent in men. Among patients with CAD in the Framingham Heart Study, male deaths were more common than female deaths (46% vs 34%, respectively). […] It seems certain that as CAD becomes more common in women, the incidence of VT in women will increase. […] Females with acquired or congenital long QT syndromes are at greater risk for sudden death. The opposite is true for arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (a two-fold male predominance) and Brugada syndrome (an approximately eight-fold male predominance).

• #83 Ventricular Tachycardia: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/159075-overview

  VT is unusual in children but may occur in the postoperative cardiac setting or in patients with associated congenital heart disease. Tachydysrhythmias in children are more commonly due to paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardias (PSVTs). […] The incidence of ischemic VT increases with age, regardless of sex, as the prevalence of CAD increases. VT rates peak in the middle decades of life, in concert with the incidence of structural heart disease. Idiopathic VT can be observed at any age. […] VT is observed more frequently in men because ischemic heart disease is more prevalent in men. Among patients with CAD in the Framingham Heart Study, male deaths were more common than female deaths (46% vs 34%, respectively). […] It seems certain that as CAD becomes more common in women, the incidence of VT in women will increase. […] Females with acquired or congenital long QT syndromes are at greater risk for sudden death. The opposite is true for arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (a two-fold male predominance) and Brugada syndrome (an approximately eight-fold male predominance).

• #84 Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia: Background, Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/156670-overview

  Most series of catheter ablation reflect a higher proportion of female patients with AVNRT than male patients. […] In a population-based study, the risk of developing paroxysmal SVT was twice as high in women as it was in men. […] The prevalence of paroxysmal SVT increases with age, with an estimated 5-fold likelihood of affecting older people than younger ones.

• #85 Inappropriate sinus tachycardia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inappropriate_sinus_tachycardia

  Inappropriate sinus tachycardia, defined as 24-hour average HR 90 bpm and HR 100 bpm in a supine or sitting position, has a prevalence of 1.16% in the general population. […] The epidemiology of Inappropriate sinus tachycardia is not well understood. IST can occur at any age, but it is most common in adolescents and young adults. […] Inappropriate sinus tachycardia was previously thought to be a rare condition affecting young women, with health professionals being overrepresented. This characterization may better define the group of IST patients who are most symptomatic and/or likely to seek medical attention, as opposed to the entire cohort of Inappropriate sinus tachycardia patients. […] In IST, the most common comorbidities are psychiatric, including a history of depression in 25.6% as well as anxiety in 24.6%. Higher rates of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hypothyroidism have been identified in those with IST, though lower rates of hyperthyroidism have been observed. 28.2% of patients reported an event or physical condition preceding the onset of IST symptoms. Pregnancy was the most common identifiable initiating factor in IST patients (7.9%).

• #86 Sinus Tachycardia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK553128/

  Sinus tachycardia is a common, intermittent, and short-lived cardiac rhythm. Inappropriate sinus tachycardia is a diagnosis of exclusion that occurs in patients without an underlying etiology for the sinus tachycardia. It is thought to be a rare condition, often seen in young females and healthcare professionals. Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome is also often seen in young females and is a common orthostatic disease seen after stress (i.e., sepsis, pregnancy, surgery, or trauma). […] The evaluation of persistent sinus tachycardia at rest involves a careful assessment of first whether tachycardia is an appropriate response and then focus on identifying the underlying cause. […] Persistent sinus tachycardia at rest requires an evaluation by a medical professional. Early identification and intervention may result in favorable patient outcomes depending on the underlying etiology.

• #87 Exploring Supraventricular Tachycardia – Professional Heart Daily | American Heart Association

  https://professional.heart.org/en/education/exploring-supraventricular-tachycardia

  In this podcast, we delve into the case of a 50-year-old female experiencing palpitations, chest discomfort, and shortness of breath. We will explore various diagnostic options for patients without previously diagnosed supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), including the use of consumer devices and remote monitoring with medical devices. […] Moderated by Dr. Cicely Dye, this podcast features Dr. Kamala Tamirisa and Dr. Annabelle Santos Volgman as they examine the case of a 22-year-old G1P0 woman with a narrow complex tachycardia. Learn as they discuss the epidemiology of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) in pregnancy, consider the impact on maternal and fetal outcomes, and explore treatment options during pregnancy and in the peripartum time period.

• #88 Dysautonomia International: Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome

  http://www.dysautonomiainternational.org/page.php?ID=30

  Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a common autonomic nervous system disorder characterized by an excessively fast heart rate and symptoms of lightheadedness upon standing. […] Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, POTS was estimated to impact 1-3 million Americans, and millions of other people around the world. Experts estimate that the POTS population has doubled since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic.

• #89 Prospective arrhythmia surveillance after a COVID-19 diagnosis | Open Heart

  https://openheart.bmj.com/content/9/1/e001758

  Cardiac arrhythmias have been observed among patients hospitalised with acute COVID-19 infection, and palpitations remain a common symptom among the much larger outpatient population of COVID-19 survivors in the convalescent stage of the disease. […] To determine arrhythmia prevalence among outpatients after a COVID-19 diagnosis. […] In this prospective observational cohort study that enrolled ambulatory individuals with a recent and confirmed COVID-19 infection, we found a very low incidence of clinically significant cardiac arrhythmias using continuous 14-day electrocardiographic monitoring. […] Although these findings cannot exclude the possibility of serious arrhythmia in select individuals, they do not support a strong or widespread proarrhythmic effect of COVID-19 infection after resolution of acute illness.

• #90 Prospective arrhythmia surveillance after a COVID-19 diagnosis | Open Heart

  https://openheart.bmj.com/content/9/1/e001758

  Cardiac arrhythmias have been observed among patients hospitalised with acute COVID-19 infection, and palpitations remain a common symptom among the much larger outpatient population of COVID-19 survivors in the convalescent stage of the disease. […] To determine arrhythmia prevalence among outpatients after a COVID-19 diagnosis. […] In this prospective observational cohort study that enrolled ambulatory individuals with a recent and confirmed COVID-19 infection, we found a very low incidence of clinically significant cardiac arrhythmias using continuous 14-day electrocardiographic monitoring. […] Although these findings cannot exclude the possibility of serious arrhythmia in select individuals, they do not support a strong or widespread proarrhythmic effect of COVID-19 infection after resolution of acute illness.

• #91 Prospective arrhythmia surveillance after a COVID-19 diagnosis | Open Heart

  https://openheart.bmj.com/content/9/1/e001758

  We did not find evidence of malignant or sustained arrhythmias in outpatients after a positive COVID-19 diagnosis. While palpitations were common, symptoms frequently corresponded to sinus rhythm/sinus tachycardia or non-malignant arrhythmias such as isolated ectopy or non-sustained SVT. […] The observed low arrhythmia burden despite frequent palpitation symptoms suggests that clinically significant arrhythmias are uncommon among most individuals after COVID-19 infection.

• #92 PSVT – Areas of Focus – Milestone Pharma

  https://milestonepharma.com/areas-of-focus/paroxysmal-supraventricular-tachycardia-psvt/

  PSVT affects approximately two million Americans and results in as many as 300,000 new diagnoses and over 600,000 healthcare claims in the U.S. per year, including emergency department visits, hospital admissions, and ablations. […] A 2021 retrospective, observational, longitudinal analysis published in the Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology utilized claims data from both Medicare and private insurers to estimate the treated prevalence and incidence of PSVT in the U.S. over a 9-year period (2008-2016). This study found that the U.S. treated prevalence for PSVT was 1.3 to 2.1M, with approximately 190,000 to 310,000 new cases each year. […] Compared to past analyses, the updated PSVT prevalence and incidence data show more than two-fold increases. […] This retrospective, observational, longitudinal analysis—which accounted for misdiagnoses and overlap with symptoms of AFib/AFL—generated a more definitive, updated treated prevalence estimate for PSVT within the U.S. population. […] Based on market data on file, we estimate approximately 80,000 catheter ablations and more than 150,000 ED visits/hospital admissions for PSVT occur each year, driving the majority of the approximately $3 billion spent annually in the U.S. on the management of PSVT.

• #93 PSVT – Areas of Focus – Milestone Pharma

  https://milestonepharma.com/areas-of-focus/paroxysmal-supraventricular-tachycardia-psvt/

  PSVT affects approximately two million Americans and results in as many as 300,000 new diagnoses and over 600,000 healthcare claims in the U.S. per year, including emergency department visits, hospital admissions, and ablations. […] A 2021 retrospective, observational, longitudinal analysis published in the Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology utilized claims data from both Medicare and private insurers to estimate the treated prevalence and incidence of PSVT in the U.S. over a 9-year period (2008-2016). This study found that the U.S. treated prevalence for PSVT was 1.3 to 2.1M, with approximately 190,000 to 310,000 new cases each year. […] Compared to past analyses, the updated PSVT prevalence and incidence data show more than two-fold increases. […] This retrospective, observational, longitudinal analysis—which accounted for misdiagnoses and overlap with symptoms of AFib/AFL—generated a more definitive, updated treated prevalence estimate for PSVT within the U.S. population. […] Based on market data on file, we estimate approximately 80,000 catheter ablations and more than 150,000 ED visits/hospital admissions for PSVT occur each year, driving the majority of the approximately $3 billion spent annually in the U.S. on the management of PSVT.

• #94 PSVT – Areas of Focus – Milestone Pharma

  https://milestonepharma.com/areas-of-focus/paroxysmal-supraventricular-tachycardia-psvt/

  PSVT affects approximately two million Americans and results in as many as 300,000 new diagnoses and over 600,000 healthcare claims in the U.S. per year, including emergency department visits, hospital admissions, and ablations. […] A 2021 retrospective, observational, longitudinal analysis published in the Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology utilized claims data from both Medicare and private insurers to estimate the treated prevalence and incidence of PSVT in the U.S. over a 9-year period (2008-2016). This study found that the U.S. treated prevalence for PSVT was 1.3 to 2.1M, with approximately 190,000 to 310,000 new cases each year. […] Compared to past analyses, the updated PSVT prevalence and incidence data show more than two-fold increases. […] This retrospective, observational, longitudinal analysis—which accounted for misdiagnoses and overlap with symptoms of AFib/AFL—generated a more definitive, updated treated prevalence estimate for PSVT within the U.S. population. […] Based on market data on file, we estimate approximately 80,000 catheter ablations and more than 150,000 ED visits/hospital admissions for PSVT occur each year, driving the majority of the approximately $3 billion spent annually in the U.S. on the management of PSVT.

• #95 Ventricular Tachycardia: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/159075-overview

  Ventricular tachycardia (VT) and coronary artery disease (CAD) are common throughout most of the developed world. In developing countries, VT and other heart diseases are relatively less common. […] The incidence of VT in the United States is not well quantified, because of the clinical overlap of VT with ventricular fibrillation (VF), but examination of sudden death data provides a rough estimate of VT incidence. Most sudden cardiac deaths are caused by VT or VF, at an estimated rate of approximately 300,000 deaths per year in the United States, or about half of the estimated cardiac mortality. […] A prospective surveillance study gave a sudden death incidence of 53 per 100,000 population, accounting for 5.6% of all mortality. […] Morbidity from VT is associated with hemodynamic collapse. Resuscitated survivors may suffer ischemic encephalopathy, acute renal insufficiency, transient ventricular dysfunction, aspiration pneumonitis, and trauma related to resuscitative efforts.

• #96 Atrial Tachycardia: Diagnosis – The Cardiology Advisor

  https://www.thecardiologyadvisor.com/ddi/atrial-tachycardia-diagnosis/

  Atrial tachycardia is a heart rhythm in which the heart beats faster than 100 beats per minute due to an electrical signal in the atria. It is one type of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT), a term referring to a group of arrhythmias that originate above the atrioventricular junction (AVJ) and that generally begin and end abruptly. Collectively, the PSVTs are thought to affect 36 per 100,000 persons per year in the United States. Women are at twice the risk of PSVT compared to men, while older people face a fivefold risk compared with younger people. Of all PSVTs, atrial tachycardia is the least common, accounting for approximately 1 in 10 cases. Among patients referred for supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) ablation, focal atrial tachycardia (FAT) is present in 3% to 17%. […] Prognosis depends on the underlying cause. Unifocal atrial tachycardia is usually benign in adults and may not require treatment if it is not sustained. On the other hand, incessant atrial tachycardia can contribute directly to tachycardic cardiomyopathy and reversible heart failure. The prognosis of MAT will relate in large part to underlying lung disease. Treatment for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia includes a variety of antiarrhythmic drugs and/or catheter ablation of the abnormal focus or foci. Collectively, the SVTs are thought to be a common reason patients visit a primary care provider or emergency department. However, these arrhythmias seldom result in inpatient admission.

• #97

  https://step2.medbullets.com/cardiovascular/120019/supraventricular-tachycardia

  Epidemiology […] Precipitating factors […] excessive caffeine or alcohol […] hyperthyroidism […] illicit drug use […] […] […] Complications […] Tachycardia-mediated cardiomyopathy

• #98 Ventricular tachycardia epidemiology and demographics – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Ventricular_tachycardia_epidemiology_and_demographics

  VT is more prevalent among patients with coronary artery disease. Eldery patients are more commonly affected by ideopathic VT. Ideopathic VT is commonly observed in women. There is no racial predilection for VT. […] The prevalence of ventricular arrhythmia is approximately 69000 per 100,000 men and 68000 per 100,0000 women with coronary artery disease worldwide. […] The prevalence of ventricular tachycardia is approximately 54,000 per 100,000 in men and 55,000 per 100,000 in women with hypertension, valvular heart disease, or cardiomyopathy without coronary artery disease and 31000 per 100,000 in men and 30,000 per 100,000 in women with no cardiovascular disease. […] Between 2005-2013, the incidence of vetricular arrhythmia associated cardiomyopathy was estimated to be 28,800 cases per 100,000 individuals in Minnesota. […] Ideopathic Ventricular tachycardia is more commonly observed among elderly patients. […] Females are more commonly affected with ideopathic VT than men. […] There is no racial predilection for ventricular arrhythmia.

• #99 Atrial Tachycardia: Diagnosis – The Cardiology Advisor

  https://www.thecardiologyadvisor.com/ddi/atrial-tachycardia-diagnosis/

  Atrial tachycardia is a heart rhythm in which the heart beats faster than 100 beats per minute due to an electrical signal in the atria. It is one type of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT), a term referring to a group of arrhythmias that originate above the atrioventricular junction (AVJ) and that generally begin and end abruptly. Collectively, the PSVTs are thought to affect 36 per 100,000 persons per year in the United States. Women are at twice the risk of PSVT compared to men, while older people face a fivefold risk compared with younger people. Of all PSVTs, atrial tachycardia is the least common, accounting for approximately 1 in 10 cases. Among patients referred for supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) ablation, focal atrial tachycardia (FAT) is present in 3% to 17%. […] Prognosis depends on the underlying cause. Unifocal atrial tachycardia is usually benign in adults and may not require treatment if it is not sustained. On the other hand, incessant atrial tachycardia can contribute directly to tachycardic cardiomyopathy and reversible heart failure. The prognosis of MAT will relate in large part to underlying lung disease. Treatment for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia includes a variety of antiarrhythmic drugs and/or catheter ablation of the abnormal focus or foci. Collectively, the SVTs are thought to be a common reason patients visit a primary care provider or emergency department. However, these arrhythmias seldom result in inpatient admission.

• #100 Atrial Tachycardia: Diagnosis – The Cardiology Advisor

  https://www.thecardiologyadvisor.com/ddi/atrial-tachycardia-diagnosis/

  Atrial tachycardia is a heart rhythm in which the heart beats faster than 100 beats per minute due to an electrical signal in the atria. It is one type of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT), a term referring to a group of arrhythmias that originate above the atrioventricular junction (AVJ) and that generally begin and end abruptly. Collectively, the PSVTs are thought to affect 36 per 100,000 persons per year in the United States. Women are at twice the risk of PSVT compared to men, while older people face a fivefold risk compared with younger people. Of all PSVTs, atrial tachycardia is the least common, accounting for approximately 1 in 10 cases. Among patients referred for supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) ablation, focal atrial tachycardia (FAT) is present in 3% to 17%. […] Prognosis depends on the underlying cause. Unifocal atrial tachycardia is usually benign in adults and may not require treatment if it is not sustained. On the other hand, incessant atrial tachycardia can contribute directly to tachycardic cardiomyopathy and reversible heart failure. The prognosis of MAT will relate in large part to underlying lung disease. Treatment for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia includes a variety of antiarrhythmic drugs and/or catheter ablation of the abnormal focus or foci. Collectively, the SVTs are thought to be a common reason patients visit a primary care provider or emergency department. However, these arrhythmias seldom result in inpatient admission.

• #101 Atrial Tachycardia: Diagnosis – The Cardiology Advisor

  https://www.thecardiologyadvisor.com/ddi/atrial-tachycardia-diagnosis/

  Atrial tachycardia is a heart rhythm in which the heart beats faster than 100 beats per minute due to an electrical signal in the atria. It is one type of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT), a term referring to a group of arrhythmias that originate above the atrioventricular junction (AVJ) and that generally begin and end abruptly. Collectively, the PSVTs are thought to affect 36 per 100,000 persons per year in the United States. Women are at twice the risk of PSVT compared to men, while older people face a fivefold risk compared with younger people. Of all PSVTs, atrial tachycardia is the least common, accounting for approximately 1 in 10 cases. Among patients referred for supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) ablation, focal atrial tachycardia (FAT) is present in 3% to 17%. […] Prognosis depends on the underlying cause. Unifocal atrial tachycardia is usually benign in adults and may not require treatment if it is not sustained. On the other hand, incessant atrial tachycardia can contribute directly to tachycardic cardiomyopathy and reversible heart failure. The prognosis of MAT will relate in large part to underlying lung disease. Treatment for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia includes a variety of antiarrhythmic drugs and/or catheter ablation of the abnormal focus or foci. Collectively, the SVTs are thought to be a common reason patients visit a primary care provider or emergency department. However, these arrhythmias seldom result in inpatient admission.

• #102 Ventricular tachycardia in patients without apparent structural heart disease : Focus on ventricular outflow tract tachycardia

  https://www.escardio.org/Journals/E-Journal-of-Cardiology-Practice/Volume-8/Ventricular-tachycardia-in-patients-without-apparent-structural-heart-disease

  Ventricular outflow tract tachycardia (VOT-T) typically presents in young people, usually in the second to fourth decades of life. […] It appears to have similar distribution between the two sexes, though it has been reported that it will depend on the anatomic location. […] According to this, a right ventricular outflow tract origin (RVOT-T) could occur more often in females (69.6%) while a left origin apparently predominates in males. […] The majority of patients experience episodes during or after exercise. […] Although it is considered an arrhythmia with a benign course, some cases of sudden death and malignant polymorphic VT have been reported at follow-up. […] In fact, ventricular fibrillation and polymorphic ventricular tachycardia initiated by ventricular premature complexes with a short coupling interval originated in RVOT have been recently described.

• #103 Ventricular tachycardia in patients without apparent structural heart disease : Focus on ventricular outflow tract tachycardia

  https://www.escardio.org/Journals/E-Journal-of-Cardiology-Practice/Volume-8/Ventricular-tachycardia-in-patients-without-apparent-structural-heart-disease

  Ventricular outflow tract tachycardia (VOT-T) typically presents in young people, usually in the second to fourth decades of life. […] It appears to have similar distribution between the two sexes, though it has been reported that it will depend on the anatomic location. […] According to this, a right ventricular outflow tract origin (RVOT-T) could occur more often in females (69.6%) while a left origin apparently predominates in males. […] The majority of patients experience episodes during or after exercise. […] Although it is considered an arrhythmia with a benign course, some cases of sudden death and malignant polymorphic VT have been reported at follow-up. […] In fact, ventricular fibrillation and polymorphic ventricular tachycardia initiated by ventricular premature complexes with a short coupling interval originated in RVOT have been recently described.

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