Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Tachycardia (High Heart Rate): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22108-tachycardia

  Tachycardia is an abnormal heart rhythm with a fast heart rate of more than 100 beats per minute at rest. […] An EKG with more than 100 beats per minute (at rest) indicates tachycardia. […] Your healthcare provider will ask for your medical history and do a physical exam. They may also order tests like: Electrocardiogram (EKG), Holter monitor or other wearable monitor, Tilt table test, Stress test, Electrophysiology test or EP study, Echocardiogram, Blood tests, Genetic tests, Cardiac imaging. […] Procedures and medications are the main kinds of treatment for tachycardia. Treatments vary depending on the type of tachycardia and what’s causing it. […] Although medications can’t cure tachycardia, they can help you regulate it. Ablation may be a long-term solution to certain types of tachycardia. It may even cure them.

• #2 Diagnosis and management of ventricular tachycardia

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10541285/

  Ventricular tachycardia (VT) describes rapid heart rhythms originating from the ventricles. Accurate diagnosis of VT is important to allow prompt referral to specialist services for ongoing management. The diagnosis of VT is usually made based on electrocardiographic data, most commonly 12-lead echocardiography (ECG), as well as supportive cardiac telemetric monitoring. Distinguishing between VT and supraventricular arrhythmias on ECG can be difficult. However, the VT diagnosis frequently needs to be made rapidly in the acute setting. […] VT forms an important differential diagnosis for any patient presenting with a regular wide complex tachycardia (WCT), which is a regular heart rhythm demonstrating at least three consecutive beats with a ventricular rate 100 bpm and a prolonged QRS duration (120 ms) on 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG). In addition, VT can present as an irregular rhythm, although irregularity does not exclude VT as a diagnosis.

• #3 Tachycardia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachycardia

  Tachycardia, also called tachyarrhythmia, is a heart rate that exceeds the normal resting rate. In general, a resting heart rate over 100 beats per minute is accepted as tachycardia in adults. Heart rate is considered in the context of the prevailing clinical picture. When the heart beats excessively or rapidly, the heart pumps less efficiently and provides less blood flow to the rest of the body, including the heart itself. The increased heart rate also leads to increased work and oxygen demand by the heart, which can lead to rate related ischemia. […] The upper threshold of a normal human resting heart rate is based on age. Cutoff values for tachycardia in different age groups are fairly well standardized; typical cutoffs are listed below: 12 days: Tachycardia 159 beats per minute (bpm), 36 days: Tachycardia 166 bpm, 13 weeks: Tachycardia 182 bpm, 12 months: Tachycardia 179 bpm, 35 months: Tachycardia 186 bpm, 611 months: Tachycardia 169 bpm, 12 years: Tachycardia 151 bpm, 34 years: Tachycardia 137 bpm, 57 years: Tachycardia 133 bpm, 811 years: Tachycardia 130 bpm, 1215 years: Tachycardia 119 bpm, 15 years adult: Tachycardia 100 bpm.

• #4 Tachycardia: Diagnosis & Treatment | NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/heart/arrhythmias/tachycardia/treatment

  How is Tachycardia Diagnosed? Diagnosis A tachycardia diagnosis starts with a history and physical exam, where your doctor will check your heart rate and inquire about your medical history, symptoms, and health habits. […] There are a range of tests used to confirm tachycardia and pinpoint the cause of your irregular, rapid heartbeat, including: […] ECG or EKG (electrocardiogram) – A painless test that measures the duration and timing of the heartbeat. Electrodes are placed on the chest (and sometimes on the arms and legs) to record the hearts rhythms and determine the type of tachycardia you may have. […] Holter monitor – You may be asked to wear an at-home heart monitor (Holter monitor) for up to 3 days to record when and how often your heart rate accelerates above 100 beats per minute.

• #5 Common Types of Supraventricular Tachycardia: Diagnosis and Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2010/1015/p942.html

  A more recent article on common types of supraventricular tachycardia is available. […] Diagnosis is often delayed because of the misdiagnosis of anxiety or panic disorder. Patient history is important in uncovering the diagnosis, whereas the physical examination may or may not be helpful. A Holter monitor or an event recorder is usually needed to capture the arrhythmia and confirm a diagnosis. […] If Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is present, expedient referral to a cardiologist is warranted because ablation is a potentially curative option. […] Symptoms of SVT depend on a number of factors, including patient age, presence of comorbid heart and lung disease, and duration of SVT episodes. […] The history may reveal the likely etiology underlying the SVT. Sinus tachycardia must be considered in the differential diagnosis.

• #6 Tachycardia Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

  https://www.upmc.com/services/heart-vascular/conditions/tachycardia

  Tachycardia is a type of heart rhythm disorder that causes an abnormally fast heartbeat of more than 100 beats per minute at rest. […] UPMC electrophysiology experts treat arrhythmias like tachycardia and other heart rhythm disorders associated with a high risk of sudden death. […] How Do You Diagnose Tachycardia? […] Our experts use leading-edge technology and techniques to diagnose hundreds of cases of cardiac arrhythmias each year, including tachycardia. […] Following your exam, your doctor may order additional tests and procedures to confirm a diagnosis of tachycardia. […] We offer a full range of tests for tachycardia, including: […] Echocardiogram This noninvasive test uses sound waves to create images of your heart. […] Electrocardiogram (ECG) This noninvasive test measures the electrical activity in your heart.

• #7 Supraventricular tachycardia – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/supraventricular-tachycardia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355249

  To diagnose supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), a healthcare professional examines you and listens to your heart. A member of your care team takes your blood pressure. You are usually asked questions about your symptoms, health habits and medical history. […] Tests to diagnose supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) may include: […] Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG). This quick test checks the heartbeat. Sticky patches, called electrodes, attach to the chest and sometimes to the arms or legs. An ECG shows how fast or how slow the heart is beating. […] Holter monitor. This portable ECG device is worn for 1 to 2 days to record the heart’s activity during daily activities. It can spot irregular heartbeats that aren’t found during a regular ECG. […] Event recorder. This device is like a Holter monitor, but it records only at certain times for a few minutes at a time. It’s typically worn for about 30 days. You usually push a button when you feel symptoms. Some devices automatically record when an irregular heartbeat occurs.

• #8 Tachycardia (High Heart Rate): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22108-tachycardia

  Tachycardia is an abnormal heart rhythm with a fast heart rate of more than 100 beats per minute at rest. […] An EKG with more than 100 beats per minute (at rest) indicates tachycardia. […] Your healthcare provider will ask for your medical history and do a physical exam. They may also order tests like: Electrocardiogram (EKG), Holter monitor or other wearable monitor, Tilt table test, Stress test, Electrophysiology test or EP study, Echocardiogram, Blood tests, Genetic tests, Cardiac imaging. […] Procedures and medications are the main kinds of treatment for tachycardia. Treatments vary depending on the type of tachycardia and what’s causing it. […] Although medications can’t cure tachycardia, they can help you regulate it. Ablation may be a long-term solution to certain types of tachycardia. It may even cure them.

• #9 Tachycardia: Diagnosis & Treatment | NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/heart/arrhythmias/tachycardia/treatment

  How is Tachycardia Diagnosed? Diagnosis A tachycardia diagnosis starts with a history and physical exam, where your doctor will check your heart rate and inquire about your medical history, symptoms, and health habits. […] There are a range of tests used to confirm tachycardia and pinpoint the cause of your irregular, rapid heartbeat, including: […] ECG or EKG (electrocardiogram) – A painless test that measures the duration and timing of the heartbeat. Electrodes are placed on the chest (and sometimes on the arms and legs) to record the hearts rhythms and determine the type of tachycardia you may have. […] Holter monitor – You may be asked to wear an at-home heart monitor (Holter monitor) for up to 3 days to record when and how often your heart rate accelerates above 100 beats per minute.

• #10 Tachycardia: Diagnosis & Treatment | NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/heart/arrhythmias/tachycardia/treatment

  How is Tachycardia Diagnosed? Diagnosis A tachycardia diagnosis starts with a history and physical exam, where your doctor will check your heart rate and inquire about your medical history, symptoms, and health habits. […] There are a range of tests used to confirm tachycardia and pinpoint the cause of your irregular, rapid heartbeat, including: […] ECG or EKG (electrocardiogram) – A painless test that measures the duration and timing of the heartbeat. Electrodes are placed on the chest (and sometimes on the arms and legs) to record the hearts rhythms and determine the type of tachycardia you may have. […] Holter monitor – You may be asked to wear an at-home heart monitor (Holter monitor) for up to 3 days to record when and how often your heart rate accelerates above 100 beats per minute.

• #11 Supraventricular tachycardia – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/supraventricular-tachycardia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355249

  To diagnose supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), a healthcare professional examines you and listens to your heart. A member of your care team takes your blood pressure. You are usually asked questions about your symptoms, health habits and medical history. […] Tests to diagnose supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) may include: […] Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG). This quick test checks the heartbeat. Sticky patches, called electrodes, attach to the chest and sometimes to the arms or legs. An ECG shows how fast or how slow the heart is beating. […] Holter monitor. This portable ECG device is worn for 1 to 2 days to record the heart’s activity during daily activities. It can spot irregular heartbeats that aren’t found during a regular ECG. […] Event recorder. This device is like a Holter monitor, but it records only at certain times for a few minutes at a time. It’s typically worn for about 30 days. You usually push a button when you feel symptoms. Some devices automatically record when an irregular heartbeat occurs.

• #12 Tachycardia (High Heart Rate): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22108-tachycardia

  Tachycardia is an abnormal heart rhythm with a fast heart rate of more than 100 beats per minute at rest. […] An EKG with more than 100 beats per minute (at rest) indicates tachycardia. […] Your healthcare provider will ask for your medical history and do a physical exam. They may also order tests like: Electrocardiogram (EKG), Holter monitor or other wearable monitor, Tilt table test, Stress test, Electrophysiology test or EP study, Echocardiogram, Blood tests, Genetic tests, Cardiac imaging. […] Procedures and medications are the main kinds of treatment for tachycardia. Treatments vary depending on the type of tachycardia and what’s causing it. […] Although medications can’t cure tachycardia, they can help you regulate it. Ablation may be a long-term solution to certain types of tachycardia. It may even cure them.

• #13 Tachycardia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachycardia

  An electrocardiogram (ECG) is used to classify the type of tachycardia. They may be classified into narrow and wide complex based on the QRS complex. Tachycardias may be classified as either narrow complex tachycardias (supraventricular tachycardias) or wide complex tachycardias. Narrow and wide refer to the width of the QRS complex on the ECG. Narrow complex tachycardias tend to originate in the atria, while wide complex tachycardias tend to originate in the ventricles. […] The management of tachycardia depends on its type (wide complex versus narrow complex), whether or not the person is stable or unstable, and whether the instability is due to the tachycardia. Unstable means that either important organ functions are affected or cardiac arrest is about to occur. Stable means that there is a tachycardia, but it does not seem an immediate threat for the patient’s health, but only a symptom of an unknown disease, or a reaction that is not very dangerous in that moment.

• #14 Wide QRS Tachycardias: Differential Diagnosis (VT or SVT)

  https://www.aerjournal.com/articles/differential-diagnosis-wide-qrs-tachycardias?language_content_entity=en

  In this article, the authors discuss the differential diagnostic methods used in clinical practice to identify types of wide QRS tachycardias (QRS duration 120 ms). A correct diagnosis is critical to management, as misdiagnosis and the administration of drugs usually utilised for supraventricular tachycardia can be harmful for patients with ventricular tachycardia. […] The correct diagnosis of VT is critical to management, as misdiagnosis and the administration of drugs usually utilised for SVT can be harmful for patients in VT. […] As a rule, the default diagnosis of a wide QRS tachycardia should be VT until proven otherwise. VT is defined as a tachycardia (rate 100 BPM) with three or more consecutive beats that originate in the ventricles. […] The presence of either atrioventricular dissociation or capture/fusion beats in the 12-lead ECG during tachycardia are key diagnostic features of VT.

• #15 Tachycardia: Diagnosis & Treatment | NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/heart/arrhythmias/tachycardia/treatment

  How is Tachycardia Diagnosed? Diagnosis A tachycardia diagnosis starts with a history and physical exam, where your doctor will check your heart rate and inquire about your medical history, symptoms, and health habits. […] There are a range of tests used to confirm tachycardia and pinpoint the cause of your irregular, rapid heartbeat, including: […] ECG or EKG (electrocardiogram) – A painless test that measures the duration and timing of the heartbeat. Electrodes are placed on the chest (and sometimes on the arms and legs) to record the hearts rhythms and determine the type of tachycardia you may have. […] Holter monitor – You may be asked to wear an at-home heart monitor (Holter monitor) for up to 3 days to record when and how often your heart rate accelerates above 100 beats per minute.

• #16 Supraventricular tachycardia – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/supraventricular-tachycardia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355249

  To diagnose supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), a healthcare professional examines you and listens to your heart. A member of your care team takes your blood pressure. You are usually asked questions about your symptoms, health habits and medical history. […] Tests to diagnose supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) may include: […] Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG). This quick test checks the heartbeat. Sticky patches, called electrodes, attach to the chest and sometimes to the arms or legs. An ECG shows how fast or how slow the heart is beating. […] Holter monitor. This portable ECG device is worn for 1 to 2 days to record the heart’s activity during daily activities. It can spot irregular heartbeats that aren’t found during a regular ECG. […] Event recorder. This device is like a Holter monitor, but it records only at certain times for a few minutes at a time. It’s typically worn for about 30 days. You usually push a button when you feel symptoms. Some devices automatically record when an irregular heartbeat occurs.

• #17 Supraventricular tachycardia – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/supraventricular-tachycardia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355249

  To diagnose supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), a healthcare professional examines you and listens to your heart. A member of your care team takes your blood pressure. You are usually asked questions about your symptoms, health habits and medical history. […] Tests to diagnose supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) may include: […] Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG). This quick test checks the heartbeat. Sticky patches, called electrodes, attach to the chest and sometimes to the arms or legs. An ECG shows how fast or how slow the heart is beating. […] Holter monitor. This portable ECG device is worn for 1 to 2 days to record the heart’s activity during daily activities. It can spot irregular heartbeats that aren’t found during a regular ECG. […] Event recorder. This device is like a Holter monitor, but it records only at certain times for a few minutes at a time. It’s typically worn for about 30 days. You usually push a button when you feel symptoms. Some devices automatically record when an irregular heartbeat occurs.

• #18 Tachycardia: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/atrial-fibrillation/what-are-the-types-of-tachycardia

  Tachycardia Diagnosis […] To find out whether you have tachycardia, your doctor may order different kinds of tests. They include: […] Electrocardiogram (EKG). This records the electrical activity in your heart and helps your doctor search for things that don’t look normal. You may have to wear a Holter monitor, a portable machine that records your EKG signals over 24 hours. […] Event monitor. This is like a Holter monitor, but it records only a few minutes at a time several times a day. You might need to wear it for 30 days. When you feel symptoms, you might push a button to start the measurement. Or the device may detect changes in your heart rhythm and record automatically. […] Exercise stress test. Your doctor will have you walk on a treadmill while they monitor your heart activity.

• #19 Supraventricular tachycardia – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/supraventricular-tachycardia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355249

  Implantable loop recorder. This device records the heartbeat continuously for up to three years. It’s also called a cardiac event recorder. It shows how the heart is beating during daily activities. […] Echocardiogram. Sound waves are used to create images of the beating heart. This test can show how blood flows through the heart and heart valves. […] Other tests that may be done to diagnose SVT include: […] Electrophysiological (EP) study. This test helps show where faulty heart signals start in the heart. An EP study is mostly used to diagnose some specific types of tachycardias and irregular heartbeats. […] During this test, a doctor guides one or more flexible tubes through a blood vessel, usually in the groin, to various areas in the heart. Sensors on the tips of the tubes record the heart’s electrical signals.

• #20 Supraventricular tachycardia – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/supraventricular-tachycardia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355249

  Implantable loop recorder. This device records the heartbeat continuously for up to three years. It’s also called a cardiac event recorder. It shows how the heart is beating during daily activities. […] Echocardiogram. Sound waves are used to create images of the beating heart. This test can show how blood flows through the heart and heart valves. […] Other tests that may be done to diagnose SVT include: […] Electrophysiological (EP) study. This test helps show where faulty heart signals start in the heart. An EP study is mostly used to diagnose some specific types of tachycardias and irregular heartbeats. […] During this test, a doctor guides one or more flexible tubes through a blood vessel, usually in the groin, to various areas in the heart. Sensors on the tips of the tubes record the heart’s electrical signals.

• #21 Tachycardia Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

  https://www.upmc.com/services/heart-vascular/conditions/tachycardia

  Tachycardia is a type of heart rhythm disorder that causes an abnormally fast heartbeat of more than 100 beats per minute at rest. […] UPMC electrophysiology experts treat arrhythmias like tachycardia and other heart rhythm disorders associated with a high risk of sudden death. […] How Do You Diagnose Tachycardia? […] Our experts use leading-edge technology and techniques to diagnose hundreds of cases of cardiac arrhythmias each year, including tachycardia. […] Following your exam, your doctor may order additional tests and procedures to confirm a diagnosis of tachycardia. […] We offer a full range of tests for tachycardia, including: […] Echocardiogram This noninvasive test uses sound waves to create images of your heart. […] Electrocardiogram (ECG) This noninvasive test measures the electrical activity in your heart.

• #22 Tachycardia: Diagnosis & Treatment | NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/heart/arrhythmias/tachycardia/treatment

  Event recorder – An event recorder monitors your heart for longer periods, sometimes up to 30 days. […] Stress test (exercise stress test) – You will ride a stationary bike or walk on a treadmill to observe your heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing during physical exercise. […] Electrophysiology study (EP study) – This test can confirm tachycardia and map out where the abnormal signaling occurs in the heart to guide a curative ablation treatment. […] Echocardiogram – This test creates an image of the heart using sound waves. […] Chest X-ray – A basic imaging test can help detect problems in the heart and lungs. […] Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) – A cardiac MRI can generate images of the blood flowing through the heart. […] Coronary angiogram – This test uses a special dye and X-rays to provide images of the coronary arteries and analyze the blood flow in patients.

• #23 Tachycardia: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/atrial-fibrillation/what-are-the-types-of-tachycardia

  Tachycardia Diagnosis […] To find out whether you have tachycardia, your doctor may order different kinds of tests. They include: […] Electrocardiogram (EKG). This records the electrical activity in your heart and helps your doctor search for things that don’t look normal. You may have to wear a Holter monitor, a portable machine that records your EKG signals over 24 hours. […] Event monitor. This is like a Holter monitor, but it records only a few minutes at a time several times a day. You might need to wear it for 30 days. When you feel symptoms, you might push a button to start the measurement. Or the device may detect changes in your heart rhythm and record automatically. […] Exercise stress test. Your doctor will have you walk on a treadmill while they monitor your heart activity.

• #24 Supraventricular tachycardia – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/supraventricular-tachycardia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355249

  Implantable loop recorder. This device records the heartbeat continuously for up to three years. It’s also called a cardiac event recorder. It shows how the heart is beating during daily activities. […] Echocardiogram. Sound waves are used to create images of the beating heart. This test can show how blood flows through the heart and heart valves. […] Other tests that may be done to diagnose SVT include: […] Electrophysiological (EP) study. This test helps show where faulty heart signals start in the heart. An EP study is mostly used to diagnose some specific types of tachycardias and irregular heartbeats. […] During this test, a doctor guides one or more flexible tubes through a blood vessel, usually in the groin, to various areas in the heart. Sensors on the tips of the tubes record the heart’s electrical signals.

• #25 Tachycardia: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/atrial-fibrillation/what-are-the-types-of-tachycardia

  MRI: This measures the heart muscle’s magnetic fields and looks for weaknesses. […] Chest X-ray. This can show the condition of your heart and lungs. […] CT scan of the heart. This test takes several X-ray images to give the doctor a more in-depth view of your heart. It’s also called a cardiac CT. […] Coronary angiogram. This test looks for blocked or narrowed blood vessels in the heart using dye and a special type of X-ray. […] Electrophysiological (EP) study. This can help confirm that you have tachycardia and pinpoint where your heart’s signals are misfiring. The test uses flexible tubes guided through a blood vessel, usually in your groin. The tubes have sensors that record the electrical signals in different parts of your heart. […] Tilt table test. If your tachycardia causes you to faint, your doctor may order this test. You lie flat on a table while your heart rate and rhythm are checked. Then the table is moved up until you’re in a standing position. The tests checks how your heart reacts when you’re tilted up.

• #26 Tachycardia: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/atrial-fibrillation/what-are-the-types-of-tachycardia

  MRI: This measures the heart muscle’s magnetic fields and looks for weaknesses. […] Chest X-ray. This can show the condition of your heart and lungs. […] CT scan of the heart. This test takes several X-ray images to give the doctor a more in-depth view of your heart. It’s also called a cardiac CT. […] Coronary angiogram. This test looks for blocked or narrowed blood vessels in the heart using dye and a special type of X-ray. […] Electrophysiological (EP) study. This can help confirm that you have tachycardia and pinpoint where your heart’s signals are misfiring. The test uses flexible tubes guided through a blood vessel, usually in your groin. The tubes have sensors that record the electrical signals in different parts of your heart. […] Tilt table test. If your tachycardia causes you to faint, your doctor may order this test. You lie flat on a table while your heart rate and rhythm are checked. Then the table is moved up until you’re in a standing position. The tests checks how your heart reacts when you’re tilted up.

• #27 Tachycardia: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/atrial-fibrillation/what-are-the-types-of-tachycardia

  MRI: This measures the heart muscle’s magnetic fields and looks for weaknesses. […] Chest X-ray. This can show the condition of your heart and lungs. […] CT scan of the heart. This test takes several X-ray images to give the doctor a more in-depth view of your heart. It’s also called a cardiac CT. […] Coronary angiogram. This test looks for blocked or narrowed blood vessels in the heart using dye and a special type of X-ray. […] Electrophysiological (EP) study. This can help confirm that you have tachycardia and pinpoint where your heart’s signals are misfiring. The test uses flexible tubes guided through a blood vessel, usually in your groin. The tubes have sensors that record the electrical signals in different parts of your heart. […] Tilt table test. If your tachycardia causes you to faint, your doctor may order this test. You lie flat on a table while your heart rate and rhythm are checked. Then the table is moved up until you’re in a standing position. The tests checks how your heart reacts when you’re tilted up.

• #28 Atrial Tachycardia Workup: Approach Considerations, Exclusion of Systemic Disorders, Electrocardiography

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/151456-workup

  All patients who present acutely with possible atrial tachycardia should be placed on pulse oximetry and a cardiac monitor. A 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) and rhythm strip is an important tool to help identify, locate, and differentiate atrial tachycardia. […] The following laboratory studies may be indicated to exclude systemic disorders that could be causing the tachycardia: Electrolyte levels: Particularly potassium, bicarbonate, calcium, and magnesium. Blood glucose level. Complete blood cell (CBC) count. Toxicology screen (including the use of herbal medications or energy supplements). Arterial blood gas measurement. Thyroid function tests. 24-Hour urine collection for catecholamines and catecholamine metabolites. […] Echocardiography can be valuable. Invasive electrophysiologic study may be required.

• #29 Tachycardia | Diagnosis | UK Healthcare

  https://ukhealthcare.uky.edu/gill-heart-vascular-institute/conditions/arrhythmias/tachycardia/diagnosis

  During your first office visit, your healthcare provider will spend time with you and learn more about your symptoms and overall health. They will: […] A provider takes a small amount of blood from your body. Laboratory technicians then test the blood sample for signs of heart issues. […] An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) records the electrical activity in your heart through electrodes attached to the body and connected to a machine with wires. […] A specialist guides electrodes inside your heart through a catheter (thin, flexible tube). Once in place, the electrodes monitor your hearts electrical activity. Sometimes, the provider can pinpoint the source of your heart rhythm problem. […] A patch monitor is a battery-operated ECG that sticks to your chest. While wearing the patch monitor, you can do nearly all your usual activities, even showering. The test usually lasts for one to two weeks. […] This device, usually worn for 30 days, allows patients to push a button and record symptoms when they appear. Some event recorders work automatically when irregular heartbeats occur.

• #30 Diagnosis and management of ventricular tachycardia

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10541285/

  It is generally accepted that the default diagnosis of a WCT on ECG should be considered VT until proven otherwise, particularly in urgent situations. This consideration is based on the importance of avoiding administration to patients with VT of medication commonly reserved for the treatment of SVT, which can commonly be associated with haemodynamic deterioration when administered during VT. […] A definitive diagnosis of VT requires the demonstration of ventriculoatrial dissociation (ie ventricular activation that is independent of atrial activity). With extremely rare exceptions, this can be considered the case when the number of spontaneous ventricular activations exceeds the number of atrial activations. […] Proof of atrioventricular dissociation is sometimes not possible based on available data when a patient is being assessed and, therefore, a judgement about the likely origin of an arrhythmia must be made instead. […] The diagnosis of VT is made primarily using the 12-lead ECG. Diagnostic algorithms exist to differentiate VT from other WCTs, but uncertainty often persists despite appropriate application of these algorithms. In this scenario, a WCT should be treated as VT until proven otherwise.

• #31 Evaluation of tachycardia – Differential diagnosis of symptoms | BMJ Best Practice US

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/830

  Tachycardia, generally defined as a heart rate 100 bpm, can be a normal physiologic response to a systemic process or a manifestation of underlying pathology. […] Sinus tachycardia is a common cause of tachycardia that can often be mistaken for an arrhythmia. Diagnosis depends on the P-wave morphology and the setting in which it occurs. […] When a patient with a wide-complex tachycardia is being evaluated and the diagnosis is not certain, the arrhythmia must be initially regarded as ventricular tachycardia until it is proved to be otherwise. […] The prevalence of inappropriate sinus tachycardia is not well known and the underlying mechanisms are likely to be multifactorial, but patients are often young (age 15 to 50 years) and female. […] The prevalence of ventricular tachyarrhythmia is highly dependent on its type and duration. In patients with a history of previous MI, the incidence of sustained monomorphic ventricular tachyarrhythmia depends on the size of the infarction and the overall left ventricular function.

• #32 Evaluation of tachycardia – Differential diagnosis of symptoms | BMJ Best Practice US

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/830

  Tachycardia, generally defined as a heart rate 100 bpm, can be a normal physiologic response to a systemic process or a manifestation of underlying pathology. […] Sinus tachycardia is a common cause of tachycardia that can often be mistaken for an arrhythmia. Diagnosis depends on the P-wave morphology and the setting in which it occurs. […] When a patient with a wide-complex tachycardia is being evaluated and the diagnosis is not certain, the arrhythmia must be initially regarded as ventricular tachycardia until it is proved to be otherwise. […] The prevalence of inappropriate sinus tachycardia is not well known and the underlying mechanisms are likely to be multifactorial, but patients are often young (age 15 to 50 years) and female. […] The prevalence of ventricular tachyarrhythmia is highly dependent on its type and duration. In patients with a history of previous MI, the incidence of sustained monomorphic ventricular tachyarrhythmia depends on the size of the infarction and the overall left ventricular function.

• #33 Sinus Tachycardia: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23210-sinus-tachycardia

  Sinus tachycardia is a common condition that happens sometimes in response to stressful situations. Your heart beats more than 100 times per minute, but usually returns to normal after the stressful event has passed. If your symptoms continue when your body is at rest, its a good idea to see your healthcare provider. […] Your ECG (electrocardiogram) can help your healthcare provider tell the difference between sinus tachycardia and other types of tachycardia. […] Your healthcare provider can diagnose inappropriate sinus tachycardia by ruling out other causes of sinus tachycardia. […] Your healthcare provider will focus on treating the cause of your sinus tachycardia. […] If stress or strenuous exercise was the cause, stopping them can solve the problem. […] If your healthcare provider rules out these causes, they may decide that you have inappropriate sinus tachycardia. […] Although some types of tachycardia may lead to cardiomyopathy, sinus tachycardia usually does not. […] If symptoms stick around when your body is at rest, its time to contact your healthcare provider.

• #34 Sinus Tachycardia: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23210-sinus-tachycardia

  Sinus tachycardia is a common condition that happens sometimes in response to stressful situations. Your heart beats more than 100 times per minute, but usually returns to normal after the stressful event has passed. If your symptoms continue when your body is at rest, its a good idea to see your healthcare provider. […] Your ECG (electrocardiogram) can help your healthcare provider tell the difference between sinus tachycardia and other types of tachycardia. […] Your healthcare provider can diagnose inappropriate sinus tachycardia by ruling out other causes of sinus tachycardia. […] Your healthcare provider will focus on treating the cause of your sinus tachycardia. […] If stress or strenuous exercise was the cause, stopping them can solve the problem. […] If your healthcare provider rules out these causes, they may decide that you have inappropriate sinus tachycardia. […] Although some types of tachycardia may lead to cardiomyopathy, sinus tachycardia usually does not. […] If symptoms stick around when your body is at rest, its time to contact your healthcare provider.

• #35 Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) • LITFL • ECG Library Diagnosis

  https://litfl.com/supraventricular-tachycardia-svt-ecg-library/

  The term supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) refers to any tachydysrhythmia arising from above the level of the Bundle of His, and encompasses regular atrial, irregular atrial, and regular atrioventricular tachycardias. […] In the absence of aberrant conduction (e.g. bundle branch block), the ECG will demonstrate a narrow complex tachycardia. […] Paroxysmal SVT (pSVT) describes an SVT with abrupt onset and offset characteristically seen with re-entrant tachycardias involving the AV node such as AVNRT or atrioventricular re-entry tachycardia (AVRT). […] AVNRT is typically paroxysmal and may occur spontaneously or upon provocation with exertion, caffeine, alcohol, beta-agonists (salbutamol) or sympathomimetics (amphetamines). […] Patients will typically complain of the sudden onset of rapid, regular palpitations.

• #36 Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) • LITFL • ECG Library Diagnosis

  https://litfl.com/supraventricular-tachycardia-svt-ecg-library/

  The tachycardia typically ranges between 140-280 bpm and is regular in nature. […] The condition is generally well tolerated and is rarely life threatening in patients with pre-existing heart disease. […] The ECG features of AVNRT include regular tachycardia ~140-280 bpm, narrow QRS complexes ( 120ms) unless there is co-existing bundle branch block, accessory pathway, or rate-related aberrant conduction. […] P waves if visible exhibit retrograde conduction with P-wave inversion in leads II, III, aVF. […] The mainstay of treatment is adenosine. […] Other agents which may be used include calcium-channel blockers, beta-blockers and amiodarone.

• #37 Common Types of Supraventricular Tachycardia: Diagnosis and Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2010/1015/p942.html

  A more recent article on common types of supraventricular tachycardia is available. […] Diagnosis is often delayed because of the misdiagnosis of anxiety or panic disorder. Patient history is important in uncovering the diagnosis, whereas the physical examination may or may not be helpful. A Holter monitor or an event recorder is usually needed to capture the arrhythmia and confirm a diagnosis. […] If Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is present, expedient referral to a cardiologist is warranted because ablation is a potentially curative option. […] Symptoms of SVT depend on a number of factors, including patient age, presence of comorbid heart and lung disease, and duration of SVT episodes. […] The history may reveal the likely etiology underlying the SVT. Sinus tachycardia must be considered in the differential diagnosis.

• #38 Diagnosis and Management of Common Types of Supraventricular Tachycardia | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2015/1101/p793.html

  Supraventricular tachycardia refers to rapid rhythms that originate and are sustained in atrial or atrioventricular node tissue above the bundle of His. […] A Holter monitor or event recorder may be needed to confirm the diagnosis. […] Catheter ablation has a success rate of 95% and recurrence rate of less than 5%, and causes inadvertent heart block in less than 1% of patients. […] The history helps identify the likely etiology and should include whether symptoms begin gradually or suddenly. […] ECG should be performed. […] Because of the paroxysmal nature of SVT, ECG findings may be normal, and further assessment should include a 24- or 48-hour evaluation with a Holter monitor or, if the symptoms are infrequent, an event monitor. […] If the frequency and intensity of the SVT episodes are severe enough to merit longer-term treatment, management options include pharmacologic treatment or catheter ablation. […] Catheter ablation is an effective first-line treatment option for many patients with AVRT or AVNRT. […] Catheter ablation is the standard of care for older children with symptomatic SVT, although pharmacologic therapy remains the treatment of choice for newborns and infants.

• #39 Atrial Tachycardia: Diagnosis – The Cardiology Advisor

  https://www.thecardiologyadvisor.com/ddi/atrial-tachycardia-diagnosis/

  Atrial tachycardia is a heart rhythm in which the heart beats faster than 100 beats per minute due to an electrical signal in the atria. It is one type of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT), a term referring to a group of arrhythmias that originate above the atrioventricular junction (AVJ) and that generally begin and end abruptly. […] Collectively, the PSVTs are thought to affect 36 per 100,000 persons per year in the United States. Women are at twice the risk of PSVT compared to men, while older people face a fivefold risk compared with younger people. […] Of all PSVTs, atrial tachycardia is the least common, accounting for approximately 1 in 10 cases. Among patients referred for supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) ablation, focal atrial tachycardia (FAT) is present in 3% to 17%.

• #40 Atrial Tachycardia: Diagnosis – The Cardiology Advisor

  https://www.thecardiologyadvisor.com/ddi/atrial-tachycardia-diagnosis/

  In atrial tachycardia, the AVJ is not part of the circuit. This distinguishes it from related arrhythmias such as atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) and atrioventricular reentrant tachycardias (AVRT). […] There are two main types of atrial tachycardia: unifocal and multifocal. […] When FAT arises from reentrant electrical impulses, it is associated with structural heart disease. It may also occur incessantly due to enhanced automaticity in a structurally normal heart, a condition that can result in cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Atrial tachycardia commonly occurs after ablation for atrial fibrillation. […] By contrast, MAT is closely associated with lung diseases, such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It can also result from hypomagnesemia.

• #41 Atrial Tachycardia: Diagnosis – The Cardiology Advisor

  https://www.thecardiologyadvisor.com/ddi/atrial-tachycardia-diagnosis/

  Symptoms of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia commonly include palpitations, chest pain, fatigue, and/or lightheadedness. Syncope is less common, while sudden cardiac death may rarely occur. […] Patients with incessant atrial tachycardia resulting in cardiomyopathy may report heart failure symptoms such as progressive exertional dyspnea. Symptoms of intermittent focal or multifocal atrial tachycardia may relate to underlying heart or pulmonary disease. […] An electrocardiogram (ECG) reveals a regular, narrow-complex tachycardia in which P waves differ from their appearance in sinus rhythm. P waves may sometimes disappear into the preceding T waves. […] Because bouts of tachycardia can be short-lived and episodic, the patient may not be experiencing symptoms during the clinical encounter. The history should elicit a description of episodes, including any triggers; if the episodes occur with activity or amid known heart disease, a ventricular origin may be present.

• #42 Atrial Tachycardia: Diagnosis – The Cardiology Advisor

  https://www.thecardiologyadvisor.com/ddi/atrial-tachycardia-diagnosis/

  For unifocal tachycardia, ECG shows a fast, regular rhythm with isoelectric segments between P-waves. It may be difficult to distinguish from other regular SVTs. The P waves outnumber the QRS complexes, helping to distinguish atrial tachycardia from sinus tachycardia. […] With MAT, the ECG shows an irregular rhythm with at least three different P-wave morphologies, typically with isoelectric periods between them. […] Some diagnostics can also be therapeutic. Vagal maneuvers such as the Valsalva maneuver or unilateral carotid sinus massage can slow down conduction through the atrioventricular node. […] Pharmacological interventions such as adenosine, which should be administered in a monitored environment, can also block atrioventricular conduction. If the arrhythmia stops in response to adenosine, it indicates AVNRT or AVRT.

• #43 Diagnosis and management of ventricular tachycardia

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10541285/

  Ventricular tachycardia (VT) describes rapid heart rhythms originating from the ventricles. Accurate diagnosis of VT is important to allow prompt referral to specialist services for ongoing management. The diagnosis of VT is usually made based on electrocardiographic data, most commonly 12-lead echocardiography (ECG), as well as supportive cardiac telemetric monitoring. Distinguishing between VT and supraventricular arrhythmias on ECG can be difficult. However, the VT diagnosis frequently needs to be made rapidly in the acute setting. […] VT forms an important differential diagnosis for any patient presenting with a regular wide complex tachycardia (WCT), which is a regular heart rhythm demonstrating at least three consecutive beats with a ventricular rate 100 bpm and a prolonged QRS duration (120 ms) on 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG). In addition, VT can present as an irregular rhythm, although irregularity does not exclude VT as a diagnosis.

• #44 Ventricular Tachycardia: Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis

  https://www.healthline.com/health/ventricular-tachycardia

  Ventricular tachycardia (v-tach or VT) is a very fast heart rhythm that begins in the ventricles. […] A heart rhythm is considered ventricular tachycardia if it has more than 100 beats per minute, with at least three ventricular heartbeats in a row. Its caused by a malfunction in the hearts electrical system. […] Ventricular tachycardia may eventually lead to low blood pressure and ventricular fibrillation, a condition in which the heart beats in a rapid, inadequate heart rhythm. […] Its important to get prompt treatment for this condition. […] If ventricular tachycardia is suspected, your doctor will order certain tests. These may include: […] An ECG measures the electrical activity of the heart. It records a picture of the hearts electrical activity, allowing doctors to spot abnormalities.

• #45 Diagnosis and management of ventricular tachycardia

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10541285/

  It is generally accepted that the default diagnosis of a WCT on ECG should be considered VT until proven otherwise, particularly in urgent situations. This consideration is based on the importance of avoiding administration to patients with VT of medication commonly reserved for the treatment of SVT, which can commonly be associated with haemodynamic deterioration when administered during VT. […] A definitive diagnosis of VT requires the demonstration of ventriculoatrial dissociation (ie ventricular activation that is independent of atrial activity). With extremely rare exceptions, this can be considered the case when the number of spontaneous ventricular activations exceeds the number of atrial activations. […] Proof of atrioventricular dissociation is sometimes not possible based on available data when a patient is being assessed and, therefore, a judgement about the likely origin of an arrhythmia must be made instead. […] The diagnosis of VT is made primarily using the 12-lead ECG. Diagnostic algorithms exist to differentiate VT from other WCTs, but uncertainty often persists despite appropriate application of these algorithms. In this scenario, a WCT should be treated as VT until proven otherwise.

• #46 Dysautonomia International: Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome

  https://www.dysautonomiainternational.org/page.php?ID=30

  Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a common autonomic nervous system disorder characterized by an excessively fast heart rate and symptoms of lightheadedness upon standing. […] The current diagnostic criteria for POTS is a heart rate increase of 30 beats per minute (bpm) or more, or over 120 bpm, within the first 10 minutes of standing, in the absence of orthostatic hypotension. […] POTS is often diagnosed by a Tilt Table Test, but if such testing is not available, POTS can be diagnosed with bedside measurements of heart rate and blood pressure taken in the supine (laying down) and standing up position at 2, 5 and 10 minute intervals. […] Unfortunately, the Active Stand Test may miss some cases of POTS, so while it is appropriate to use to help diagnose POTS, caution should be used in ruling out POTS with an Active Stand Test when a patient has symptoms consistent with POTS.

• #47 Dysautonomia International: Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome

  https://www.dysautonomiainternational.org/page.php?ID=30

  Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a common autonomic nervous system disorder characterized by an excessively fast heart rate and symptoms of lightheadedness upon standing. […] The current diagnostic criteria for POTS is a heart rate increase of 30 beats per minute (bpm) or more, or over 120 bpm, within the first 10 minutes of standing, in the absence of orthostatic hypotension. […] POTS is often diagnosed by a Tilt Table Test, but if such testing is not available, POTS can be diagnosed with bedside measurements of heart rate and blood pressure taken in the supine (laying down) and standing up position at 2, 5 and 10 minute intervals. […] Unfortunately, the Active Stand Test may miss some cases of POTS, so while it is appropriate to use to help diagnose POTS, caution should be used in ruling out POTS with an Active Stand Test when a patient has symptoms consistent with POTS.

• #48 Dysautonomia International: Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome

  https://www.dysautonomiainternational.org/page.php?ID=30

  Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a common autonomic nervous system disorder characterized by an excessively fast heart rate and symptoms of lightheadedness upon standing. […] The current diagnostic criteria for POTS is a heart rate increase of 30 beats per minute (bpm) or more, or over 120 bpm, within the first 10 minutes of standing, in the absence of orthostatic hypotension. […] POTS is often diagnosed by a Tilt Table Test, but if such testing is not available, POTS can be diagnosed with bedside measurements of heart rate and blood pressure taken in the supine (laying down) and standing up position at 2, 5 and 10 minute intervals. […] Unfortunately, the Active Stand Test may miss some cases of POTS, so while it is appropriate to use to help diagnose POTS, caution should be used in ruling out POTS with an Active Stand Test when a patient has symptoms consistent with POTS.

• #49 Tests and Diagnosis | PoTS UK

  https://www.potsuk.org/about-pots/diagnosis/

  Detailed questioning of the patient is the key to accurate diagnosis. Physical examination and appropriate investigations are also important. […] Patients are often diagnosed by a cardiologist, neurologist, medicine for the elderly consultant or a paediatrician, although a GP can also diagnose PoTS. To be given a diagnosis of PoTS, a person needs to meet the definition and diagnostic criteria shown here. […] An ECG is performed to rule out any heart problems that may cause symptoms similar to those found in PoTS. […] The active stand test or NASA lean test can be used to diagnose PoTS. Under careful supervision, heart rate and blood pressure are measured after resting lying down, then immediately upon standing and then at frequent intervals until 10 minutes. This test should bring on symptoms of PoTS and some people may faint.

• #50 Dysautonomia International: Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome

  https://www.dysautonomiainternational.org/page.php?ID=30

  Doctors may perform more detailed tests to evaluate the autonomic nervous system in POTS patients, such as Quantitative Sudomotor Axon Reflex Test (QSART, sometimes called Q-Sweat), Thermoregulatory Sweat Test (TST), skin biopsies looking at the small fiber nerves, gastric motility studies and more. […] While the diagnostic criteria focus on the abnormal heart rate increase upon standing, POTS usually presents with symptoms much more complex than a simple increase in heart rate. […] POTS patients often have hypovolemia (low blood volume) and high levels of plasma norepinephrine while standing, reflecting increased sympathetic nervous system activation. […] Physicians with expertise in treating POTS have compared the functional impairment seen in POTS patients to the impairment seen in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or congestive heart failure. […] Researchers found that quality-of-life in POTS patients is comparable to patients on dialysis for kidney failure. […] The longest follow-up study done to date comes from Mayo Clinic. […] Mayo Clinic did a survey of their pediatric POTS patients seen between 2003 and 2010.

• #51 Inappropriate Sinus Tachycardia Causes and Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/inappropriate-sinus-tachycardia-1745220

  Inappropriate sinus tachycardia (IST) is a condition in which a persons heart rate at rest and during exertion is abnormally elevated for no apparent reason. […] It is diagnosed after ruling out other causes. […] IST is treated with lifestyle changes, avoiding triggers (like alcohol, caffeine, and stress), and medication to slow your heart rate. […] IST is what is known as a diagnosis of exclusion. It is diagnosed only after ruling out other potential causes of an abnormal sinus tachycardia, such as: […] These can often be ruled out with a physical examination, blood tests to look for other causes of tachycardia, and urine tests. Other tests used to exclude other conditions and diagnose IST include: […] However, these tests are not routinely used because of unproven clinical benefits.

• #52 Inappropriate Sinus Tachycardia Causes and Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/inappropriate-sinus-tachycardia-1745220

  Inappropriate sinus tachycardia (IST) is a condition in which a persons heart rate at rest and during exertion is abnormally elevated for no apparent reason. […] It is diagnosed after ruling out other causes. […] IST is treated with lifestyle changes, avoiding triggers (like alcohol, caffeine, and stress), and medication to slow your heart rate. […] IST is what is known as a diagnosis of exclusion. It is diagnosed only after ruling out other potential causes of an abnormal sinus tachycardia, such as: […] These can often be ruled out with a physical examination, blood tests to look for other causes of tachycardia, and urine tests. Other tests used to exclude other conditions and diagnose IST include: […] However, these tests are not routinely used because of unproven clinical benefits.

• #53 Inappropriate Sinus Tachycardia Causes and Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/inappropriate-sinus-tachycardia-1745220

  IST was first recognized as a syndrome in 1979 and has only been accepted as a true medical diagnosis since the late 1980s. […] IST is a difficult condition to treat in part because the causes are not fully understood. Additionally, controlling the heart rate does not necessarily improve symptoms. […] IST is treated with lifestyle changes, avoiding triggers, and medications like ivabradine and beta-blockers that lower your heart rate.

• #54 Approach to the child with tachycardia – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/approach-to-the-child-with-tachycardia

  Approach to the child with tachycardia […] Tachycardia is common in the pediatric age group, and the etiology is often benign. […] All complaints of tachycardia require rapid assessment of patient status and cardiac rhythm. […] In most instances, life-threatening tachycardia can be rapidly detected and treated. […] The differential diagnosis of tachycardia in children is provided in the table (table 1). […] Most life-threatening cardiac conditions in children that present as tachycardia consist of supraventricular tachycardias. […] SVT may present with palpitations, chest pain, or shortness of breath in children or with lethargy, feeding difficulties, or irritability in infants. […] In many instances, a parent/caregiver or health care provider notes a rapid heart rate during routine care. […] In newborns and infants with SVT, the heart rate is typically >220 beats per minute (BPM), while in older children, the heart rate is >180 BPM.

• #55 Approach to the child with tachycardia – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/approach-to-the-child-with-tachycardia

  Approach to the child with tachycardia […] Tachycardia is common in the pediatric age group, and the etiology is often benign. […] All complaints of tachycardia require rapid assessment of patient status and cardiac rhythm. […] In most instances, life-threatening tachycardia can be rapidly detected and treated. […] The differential diagnosis of tachycardia in children is provided in the table (table 1). […] Most life-threatening cardiac conditions in children that present as tachycardia consist of supraventricular tachycardias. […] SVT may present with palpitations, chest pain, or shortness of breath in children or with lethargy, feeding difficulties, or irritability in infants. […] In many instances, a parent/caregiver or health care provider notes a rapid heart rate during routine care. […] In newborns and infants with SVT, the heart rate is typically >220 beats per minute (BPM), while in older children, the heart rate is >180 BPM.

• #56 Approach to the child with tachycardia – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/approach-to-the-child-with-tachycardia

  Approach to the child with tachycardia […] Tachycardia is common in the pediatric age group, and the etiology is often benign. […] All complaints of tachycardia require rapid assessment of patient status and cardiac rhythm. […] In most instances, life-threatening tachycardia can be rapidly detected and treated. […] The differential diagnosis of tachycardia in children is provided in the table (table 1). […] Most life-threatening cardiac conditions in children that present as tachycardia consist of supraventricular tachycardias. […] SVT may present with palpitations, chest pain, or shortness of breath in children or with lethargy, feeding difficulties, or irritability in infants. […] In many instances, a parent/caregiver or health care provider notes a rapid heart rate during routine care. […] In newborns and infants with SVT, the heart rate is typically >220 beats per minute (BPM), while in older children, the heart rate is >180 BPM.

• #57 Tachycardia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachycardia

  Tachycardia, also called tachyarrhythmia, is a heart rate that exceeds the normal resting rate. In general, a resting heart rate over 100 beats per minute is accepted as tachycardia in adults. Heart rate is considered in the context of the prevailing clinical picture. When the heart beats excessively or rapidly, the heart pumps less efficiently and provides less blood flow to the rest of the body, including the heart itself. The increased heart rate also leads to increased work and oxygen demand by the heart, which can lead to rate related ischemia. […] The upper threshold of a normal human resting heart rate is based on age. Cutoff values for tachycardia in different age groups are fairly well standardized; typical cutoffs are listed below: 12 days: Tachycardia 159 beats per minute (bpm), 36 days: Tachycardia 166 bpm, 13 weeks: Tachycardia 182 bpm, 12 months: Tachycardia 179 bpm, 35 months: Tachycardia 186 bpm, 611 months: Tachycardia 169 bpm, 12 years: Tachycardia 151 bpm, 34 years: Tachycardia 137 bpm, 57 years: Tachycardia 133 bpm, 811 years: Tachycardia 130 bpm, 1215 years: Tachycardia 119 bpm, 15 years adult: Tachycardia 100 bpm.

• #58 Diagnosis and Treatment of Fetal Tachyarrhythmias | USC Journal

  https://www.uscjournal.com/articles/diagnosis-and-treatment-fetal-tachyarrhythmias?language_content_entity=en

  Fetal tachyarrhythmias occur in approximately 0.4-0.6% of all fetuses. Normal fetal heart rates range from 120-160 beats per minute (bpm), with rates greater than 180bpm indicative of tachycardia. Usually, fetal arrhythmias are isolated findings; however, 5% of fetuses will also have congenital heart disease, such as Ebstein’s anomaly, atrioventricular canal, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, or intracardiac tumors. While most arrhythmias are intermittent, more persistent arrhythmias may lead to fetal heart failure, or non-immune hydrops fetalis; progression to hydrops may be seen in up to 40% of cases with sustained tachycardia. Hydrops is seen with ventricular rates greater than 230bpm lasting for over 12 hours. The diagnosis of hydrops is made by echocardiographic findings of ascites, pericardial effusion, pleural effusions, and subcutaneous edema. The prognosis for hydrops associated with fetal arrhythmia is poor with mortality as high as 50-98%, compared with 0-4% in cases without evidence of significant failure.

• #59 Diagnosis and Treatment of Fetal Tachyarrhythmias | USC Journal

  https://www.uscjournal.com/articles/diagnosis-and-treatment-fetal-tachyarrhythmias?language_content_entity=en

  Fetal tachyarrhythmias occur in approximately 0.4-0.6% of all fetuses. Normal fetal heart rates range from 120-160 beats per minute (bpm), with rates greater than 180bpm indicative of tachycardia. Usually, fetal arrhythmias are isolated findings; however, 5% of fetuses will also have congenital heart disease, such as Ebstein’s anomaly, atrioventricular canal, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, or intracardiac tumors. While most arrhythmias are intermittent, more persistent arrhythmias may lead to fetal heart failure, or non-immune hydrops fetalis; progression to hydrops may be seen in up to 40% of cases with sustained tachycardia. Hydrops is seen with ventricular rates greater than 230bpm lasting for over 12 hours. The diagnosis of hydrops is made by echocardiographic findings of ascites, pericardial effusion, pleural effusions, and subcutaneous edema. The prognosis for hydrops associated with fetal arrhythmia is poor with mortality as high as 50-98%, compared with 0-4% in cases without evidence of significant failure.

• #60 Diagnosis and Treatment of Fetal Tachyarrhythmias | USC Journal

  https://www.uscjournal.com/articles/diagnosis-and-treatment-fetal-tachyarrhythmias?language_content_entity=en

  The use of fetal echocardiography, M-mode and pulse-wave Doppler has lead to improved diagnosis of fetal arrhythmias, and remains the cornerstone of diagnosis. Fetal magnetocardiography, a non-invasive method for diagnosing complex fetal arrhythmias, is available at limited centers. […] Diagnosis of fetal tachycardia depends on accurate ultrasound assessment of fetal heart rate and atrium to ventricle relationships. Therapy is chosen based on the presence or absence of hydrops as well as the presumed mechanism of tachycardia. Long-term prognosis, of fetal tachycardia despite severity of illness at time of presentation, is good, especially if conversion or rate control can be attained in utero and hydrops is avoided. The goal of fetal anti-arrhythmic therapy is term delivery of a non-hydropic baby.

• #61 Tachycardia (High Heart Rate): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22108-tachycardia

  Tachycardia is an abnormal heart rhythm with a fast heart rate of more than 100 beats per minute at rest. […] An EKG with more than 100 beats per minute (at rest) indicates tachycardia. […] Your healthcare provider will ask for your medical history and do a physical exam. They may also order tests like: Electrocardiogram (EKG), Holter monitor or other wearable monitor, Tilt table test, Stress test, Electrophysiology test or EP study, Echocardiogram, Blood tests, Genetic tests, Cardiac imaging. […] Procedures and medications are the main kinds of treatment for tachycardia. Treatments vary depending on the type of tachycardia and what’s causing it. […] Although medications can’t cure tachycardia, they can help you regulate it. Ablation may be a long-term solution to certain types of tachycardia. It may even cure them.

• #62 Tachycardia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachycardia

  An electrocardiogram (ECG) is used to classify the type of tachycardia. They may be classified into narrow and wide complex based on the QRS complex. Tachycardias may be classified as either narrow complex tachycardias (supraventricular tachycardias) or wide complex tachycardias. Narrow and wide refer to the width of the QRS complex on the ECG. Narrow complex tachycardias tend to originate in the atria, while wide complex tachycardias tend to originate in the ventricles. […] The management of tachycardia depends on its type (wide complex versus narrow complex), whether or not the person is stable or unstable, and whether the instability is due to the tachycardia. Unstable means that either important organ functions are affected or cardiac arrest is about to occur. Stable means that there is a tachycardia, but it does not seem an immediate threat for the patient’s health, but only a symptom of an unknown disease, or a reaction that is not very dangerous in that moment.

• #63 Tachycardia: Fast Heart Rate | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/arrhythmia/about-arrhythmia/tachycardia–fast-heart-rate

  Tachycardia is when the heart beats too fast, at a rate of more than 100 beats per minute, when at rest. […] SVT is a fast heart rate, greater than 100 beats per minute or more, which starts in the atria, the upper chambers of the heart. […] SVT/PSVT is triggered by exercise, stress or lack of sleep, while others do not notice anything at all. […] SVT After giving a detailed medical history (including asking about potential causes) and a list of symptoms to a health care professional, patients will be advised to get an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG). […] To „catch” an episode, a doctor may suggest a portable heart monitor (Holter monitor or event monitor) to wear at home that will record your heart rhythm over time. […] Treatment will depend on your symptoms and the cause of your VT. Possible treatments include: Medication that helps prevent arrhythmias. […] Treatment will depend on your symptoms and the cause of your VT. Possible treatments include: Radiofrequency ablation, a procedure that destroys the cells causing the VT. […] Immediate electrical defibrillation, in extreme cases.

• #64 Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT)

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/supraventricular-tachycardia-svt/

  Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is a condition where your heart suddenly beats much faster than normal. […] It’s important to get it checked out. You might need a test, such as an electrocardiogram (ECG), to find out what’s going on. […] Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is rarely life threatening. But you may need treatment in hospital if you keep having long episodes. […] This may include: medicines to control the episodes of SVT given as tablets or through a vein, cardioversion a small electric shock to the heart to help it get back to a normal rhythm, catheter ablation a treatment where thin tubes are placed through a vein or artery into the affected area in your heart and heat or freezing is used to correct the problem with the electrical system (this permanently cures the problem in most people).

• #65 Tachycardia (High Heart Rate): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22108-tachycardia

  Tachycardia is an abnormal heart rhythm with a fast heart rate of more than 100 beats per minute at rest. […] An EKG with more than 100 beats per minute (at rest) indicates tachycardia. […] Your healthcare provider will ask for your medical history and do a physical exam. They may also order tests like: Electrocardiogram (EKG), Holter monitor or other wearable monitor, Tilt table test, Stress test, Electrophysiology test or EP study, Echocardiogram, Blood tests, Genetic tests, Cardiac imaging. […] Procedures and medications are the main kinds of treatment for tachycardia. Treatments vary depending on the type of tachycardia and what’s causing it. […] Although medications can’t cure tachycardia, they can help you regulate it. Ablation may be a long-term solution to certain types of tachycardia. It may even cure them.

• #66 Diagnosis and Management of Common Types of Supraventricular Tachycardia | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2015/1101/p793.html

  Supraventricular tachycardia refers to rapid rhythms that originate and are sustained in atrial or atrioventricular node tissue above the bundle of His. […] A Holter monitor or event recorder may be needed to confirm the diagnosis. […] Catheter ablation has a success rate of 95% and recurrence rate of less than 5%, and causes inadvertent heart block in less than 1% of patients. […] The history helps identify the likely etiology and should include whether symptoms begin gradually or suddenly. […] ECG should be performed. […] Because of the paroxysmal nature of SVT, ECG findings may be normal, and further assessment should include a 24- or 48-hour evaluation with a Holter monitor or, if the symptoms are infrequent, an event monitor. […] If the frequency and intensity of the SVT episodes are severe enough to merit longer-term treatment, management options include pharmacologic treatment or catheter ablation. […] Catheter ablation is an effective first-line treatment option for many patients with AVRT or AVNRT. […] Catheter ablation is the standard of care for older children with symptomatic SVT, although pharmacologic therapy remains the treatment of choice for newborns and infants.

• #67 Tachycardia: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

  https://www.health.com/tachycardia-8659086

  Tachycardia is the medical term for an elevated resting heart rate, which can occur when your heart beats more than 100 times per minute. […] While the heart will often return to a normal heart rate on its own, tachycardia may require treatment if your rapid heart rate occurs due to another medical condition. […] If you’re noticing that your heart rate is too high or your heart is beating too fast, it’s important to talk to your healthcare provider. Your heart can give important information about the overall status of your health, so it’s essential to seek a proper diagnosis and start treatment sooner rather than later. […] During your appointment, your healthcare provider will ask about your medical history, symptoms, and lifestyle habits. They’ll also measure your vitals (e.g., heart rate, blood pressure, breathing levels) and perform a physical exam. If your provider suspects tachycardia or another heart issue, they may also order one or more of the following tests:

• #68 Tachycardia > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/tachycardia

  Tachycardia is the medical term for a heart rate that is faster than 100 beats per minute. […] Tachycardia is diagnosed when your heart rate is above 100 beats per minute. Doctors can diagnose the cause of the tachycardia and whether treatment is necessaryfor instance, if it is considered abnormalafter learning about a patients medical history, giving a physical exam, and performing diagnostic tests. […] Diagnostic tests include: Electrocardiogram to record the hearts electrical activity […] How is tachycardia treated? Whenever tachycardia is caused by an underlying condition, doctors try to treat that condition to resolve the tachycardia; when tachycardia is due to an abnormal electrical pathway in the heart or originates in a specific area in the heart, medications or ablation (cautery inside the heart) tools can be used to treat it. […] Once diagnosed, tachycardia is a very treatable condition.

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