Rak trzonu macicy
Rokowania, prognozy i postęp choroby

Rokowanie w raku trzonu macicy jest silnie uzależnione od stadium zaawansowania choroby, typu histologicznego, stopnia zróżnicowania (gradingu), głębokości nacieczenia mięśniówki oraz obecności przerzutów do węzłów chłonnych i poza macicę. Wczesne stadia (I i II) cechują się 5-letnim przeżyciem na poziomie 70-95%, natomiast zaawansowane (III i IV) mają znacznie gorsze rokowanie, z przeżyciem 10-60%. Szczegółowe dane wg klasyfikacji FIGO wskazują na 5-letnie przeżycie: stadium IA – 88%, IB – 75%, II – 69%, IIIA – 58%, IIIB – 50%, IIIC – 47%, IVA – 17%, IVB – 15%. Ekspresja receptorów progesteronu (HR 0,325; 95% CI 0,133-0,797; p=0,014) oraz typ histologiczny (HR 2,668; 95% CI 1,177-6,047; p=0,019) są niezależnymi czynnikami prognostycznymi. Wiek (HR 1,049; 95% CI 1,006-1,093; p=0,024) oraz otyłość, zwłaszcza w połączeniu z cukrzycą i nadciśnieniem, również wpływają na gorsze rokowanie. Nawrót choroby występuje u 10-15% pacjentek i wiąże się z dramatycznym spadkiem 5-letniego przeżycia specyficznego dla choroby (31%) oraz całkowitego (20%).

Rokowanie raka trzonu macicy (Womb (uterus) cancer Prognosis)

Rokowanie w raku trzonu macicy (endometrium) jest kluczowym elementem procesu terapeutycznego. Stanowi ono przewidywanie lekarza co do przebiegu choroby i odpowiedzi na leczenie. Rokowanie zależy od wielu czynników, a jedynie lekarz znający pełną historię medyczną pacjentki, typ, stopień zaawansowania i charakterystykę nowotworu, zastosowane leczenie oraz odpowiedź na terapię może połączyć te informacje ze statystykami przeżywalności, aby określić indywidualne rokowanie.1

Współczynniki przeżycia w raku trzonu macicy

Ogólnie rzecz biorąc, rokowanie dla większości pacjentek z rakiem trzonu macicy jest dobre. Około 70% przypadków jest diagnozowanych, gdy nowotwór jest jeszcze ograniczony do macicy (wczesne stadium), co daje szansę na całkowite wyleczenie. Biorąc pod uwagę wszystkie stadia raka endometrium, blisko 80% pacjentek w krajach o wysokim dochodzie może spodziewać się przeżycia co najmniej 5 lat od momentu diagnozy.2

W Kanadzie 5-letnie przeżycie netto dla raka trzonu macicy wynosi 82%. Oznacza to, że około 82% kobiet z rozpoznaniem raka trzonu macicy przeżyje co najmniej 5 lat.3 Natomiast w Stanach Zjednoczonych ogólny wskaźnik 5-letniego przeżycia dla kobiet z rakiem trzonu macicy wynosi 85%, przy czym wykazano znaczące różnice między kobietami rasy białej (84%) a kobietami rasy czarnej (62%).4

Przeżycia w zależności od stadium zaawansowania

Stadium zaawansowania w momencie rozpoznania jest jednym z najważniejszych czynników prognostycznych. Średnie 5-letnie wskaźniki przeżycia dla pacjentek z rakiem endometrium wynoszą:5

  • Stadium I lub II: 70-95%
  • Stadium III lub IV: 10-60%

5

Bardziej szczegółowe dane na temat przeżycia 5-letniego w zależności od stadium według klasyfikacji FIGO przedstawiają się następująco:6

  • Stadium 0: 90%
  • Stadium IA: 88%
  • Stadium IB: 75%
  • Stadium II: 69%
  • Stadium IIIA: 58%
  • Stadium IIIB: 50%
  • Stadium IIIC: 47%
  • Stadium IVA: 17%
  • Stadium IVB: 15%

6

Inne źródła podają bardziej uogólnione dane dotyczące przeżycia 5-letniego:7

  • Choroba miejscowa (stadium I i II): 95%
  • Choroba regionalna (stadium III): 69%
  • Choroba rozsiana (stadium IV): 18%

7

Kluczowe czynniki prognostyczne

Stopień zróżnicowania nowotworu (grading) jest jednym z ważniejszych czynników prognostycznych. Guzy G1 lub G2 mają lepsze rokowanie i mniejsze prawdopodobieństwo nawrotu niż guzy G3.8

Nacieczenie mięśniówki macicy (myometrium) określa głębokość wniknięcia guza w środkową warstwę ściany macicy. Lekarze mogą wykorzystać stopień nacieczenia mięśniówki do przewidywania ryzyka nawrotu oraz przeżycia. Im głębsza inwazja mięśniówki, tym gorsze rokowanie.9

Typ histologiczny ma istotny wpływ na rokowanie. Raki endometrioidalne mają korzystniejsze rokowanie niż raki surowicze. Podobnie, mięsaki podścieliska endometrium (endometrial stromal sarcoma) mają lepsze rokowanie niż mięsakorakotmięsaki macicy (uterine leiomyosarcoma).10 Wieloczynnikowa analiza regresji Coxa wykazała, że typ histologiczny (HR 2,668, 95% CI 1,177-6,047, p=0,019) jest niezależnym czynnikiem prognostycznym.11

Zajęcie węzłów chłonnych i rozsiew poza macicę (tzw. choroba pozamaciczna) wiążą się z mniej korzystnym rokowaniem. Dotyczy to przerzutów do węzłów chłonnych, szyjki macicy oraz struktur miednicy i jamy brzusznej.12

Obecność komórek nowotworowych w płynie otrzewnowym (dodatnia cytologia otrzewnowa) często oznacza, że nowotwór rozprzestrzenił się poza macicę. Ten czynnik prognostyczny często wiąże się z innymi czynnikami, takimi jak głębokość nacieczenia mięśniówki macicy i przerzuty do węzłów chłonnych. Obecność komórek nowotworowych w płynie otrzewnowym często wskazuje na bardziej agresywny charakter nowotworu i gorsze rokowanie.13

Czynniki hormonalne i biologiczne

Ekspresja receptorów progesteronu (PR) na komórkach nowotworowych może być związana z mniej agresywnym przebiegiem choroby. Komórki nowotworowe posiadające receptory progesteronu lepiej odpowiadają na hormonoterapię i wiążą się z korzystniejszym rokowaniem.14 Wieloczynnikowa analiza regresji Coxa wykazała, że ekspresja receptora progesteronowego (HR 0,325, 95% CI 0,133-0,797, p=0,014) jest niezależnym czynnikiem prognostycznym.15

Ekspresja receptora progesteronowego i typ histologiczny zostały zidentyfikowane jako niezależne czynniki związane z przeżyciem specyficznym dla choroby po nawrocie (p=0,013 i p<0,001) oraz z przeżyciem całkowitym po nawrocie (p=0,046 i p<0,001).16

Czynniki demograficzne i kliniczne

Wiek jest istotnym czynnikiem prognostycznym. Młodsze kobiety mają zazwyczaj lepsze rokowanie niż kobiety po menopauzie. Młodsze pacjentki często mają guzy o niższym stopniu złośliwości, diagnozowane we wcześniejszym stadium, które nie nacieczają głęboko mięśniówki macicy. U starszych kobiet częściej występują bardziej agresywne typy nowotworów i bardziej zaawansowana choroba, co skutkuje mniej korzystnym rokowaniem.17

Wieloczynnikowa analiza regresji Coxa wykazała, że wiek (HR 1,049, 95% CI 1,006-1,093, p=0,024) jest niezależnym czynnikiem prognostycznym.18

Otyłość, szczególnie w połączeniu z cukrzycą i nadciśnieniem tętniczym, wiąże się z mniej korzystnym rokowaniem.19

Nawroty raka trzonu macicy

Około 10-15% pacjentek z rakiem endometrium doświadcza nawrotu choroby.20 Rokowanie dla pacjentek z nawrotem jest niekorzystne, a większość z nich umiera z powodu swojej choroby.21

5-letnie przeżycie specyficzne dla choroby (DSS) było znacząco niższe u pacjentek z nawrotem (31%) w porównaniu z pacjentkami bez nawrotu (95%) (p<0,001). 5-letnie przeżycie całkowite (OS) było znacząco niższe u pacjentek z nawrotem (20%) w porównaniu z pacjentkami bez nawrotu (89%) (p<0,001).22

Dla pacjentek z nawrotem choroby (n=26) DSS wynosiło 71% po 2 latach i 32% po 5 latach, a mediana DSS wynosiła 34 miesiące. OS dla pacjentek z nawrotem wynosiło 67% po 2 latach i 20% po 5 latach, a mediana OS wynosiła 32 miesiące.23

Wpływ leczenia tamoksyfenem

Tamoksyfen jest skutecznym lekiem w leczeniu raka piersi, jednak jego niepożądanym efektem ubocznym jest zwiększone ryzyko raka endometrium, szczególnie rzadkich typów guzów związanych z gorszym rokowaniem.24

Chociaż nie zaobserwowano ogólnego związku między leczeniem tamoksyfenem a śmiertelnością z powodu raka endometrium (HR = 1,17 (95% CI: 0,89-1,55)), stosowanie tamoksyfenu przez co najmniej pięć lat było związane ze zwiększoną śmiertelnością z powodu raka endometrium (HR = 1,59 (1,13-2,25)).25

Pacjentki z rakiem endometrium po raku piersi, które otrzymywały leczenie tamoksyfenem przez pięć lat z powodu raka piersi, mają większe ryzyko zgonu z powodu raka endometrium niż te, które nie otrzymywały tamoksyfenu. Można to przypisać nieendometrioidalnym podtypom histologicznym o gorszym rokowaniu wśród długotrwałych użytkowniczek tamoksyfenu.26

Nowe modele prognostyczne

Przewidywanie ryzyka nawrotu odległego raka endometrium jest kluczowe dla spersonalizowanego leczenia uzupełniającego. Rozwijane są nowoczesne narzędzia predykcyjne, które mogą poprawić ocenę rokowania.27

Model HECTOR (oparty na uczeniu głębokim) wykazał silną wartość prognostyczną jako zmienna ciągła w zestawie testowym treningowym (HR=5,06; 95% CI: 4,35-5,89; P=9,00×10⁻⁹⁹), wewnętrznym zestawie testowym (HR=2,69; 95% CI: 2,07-3,49; P=1,31×10⁻¹³) i zewnętrznym zestawie testowym UMCG (HR=5,84; 95% CI: 3,06-11,14; P=8,37×10⁻⁸).28

Odpowiednie HR dla grup wysokiego i pośredniego ryzyka HECTOR w zestawie wewnętrznym, przy użyciu grupy niskiego ryzyka HECTOR jako odniesienia, wynosiły 15,63 (95% CI: 6,58-37,13; P=4,81×10⁻¹⁰) i 7,67 (95% CI: 3,06-19,22; P=1,37×10⁻⁵).29

Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center opracowało nomogram raka endometrium, który jest narzędziem online mogącym przewidzieć szansę na przeżycie całkowite po pierwotnej terapii raka endometrium. W przeciwieństwie do tradycyjnego polegania głównie na końcowej ocenie stopnia zaawansowania według FIGO, nomogram uwzględnia również inne czynniki pacjenta, takie jak wiek, histologia, stopień końcowy i adekwatność lub dokładność oceny stopnia zaawansowania.30

Kluczowe aspekty rokowania

Rokowanie w raku trzonu macicy zależy głównie od:31

  • Typu i lokalizacji nowotworu
  • Stadium zaawansowania nowotworu
  • Ogólnego stanu zdrowia
  • Decyzji dotyczących leczenia

31

Ogólnie rzecz biorąc, im wcześniej rak trzonu macicy zostanie zdiagnozowany i leczony, tym lepsze rokowanie. Rak trzonu macicy jest zwykle diagnozowany wcześnie i może być całkowicie usunięty chirurgicznie.32

Rak trzonu macicy może być śmiertelny, gdy pozostaje niezdiagnozowany i rozprzestrzenia się. Wskaźnik przeżycia spada do 17%, gdy nowotwór rozprzestrzenia się do innych części ciała poza macicą. Wczesne wykrycie i szybkie leczenie są kluczowe dla korzystnego rokowania.33

Warto podkreślić, że statystyki przeżycia dla raka trzonu macicy są bardzo ogólnymi szacunkami i muszą być interpretowane bardzo ostrożnie. Ponieważ statystyki te opierają się na doświadczeniach grup kobiet, nie mogą być używane do przewidywania szans przeżycia konkretnej kobiety.34

Pacjentki powinny omówić swoje indywidualne rokowanie z lekarzem prowadzącym, ponieważ tylko on, znając wszystkie istotne czynniki, może połączyć te informacje ze statystykami przeżycia, aby określić indywidualne rokowanie.35

Kolejne rozdziały

Zapraszamy do dalszego czytania naszego leksykonu.

Wybierz kolejny rozdział z menu poniżej, aby otworzyć nową podstronę kompedium wiedzy i uzyskać szczegółowe informację o leku, substancji lub chorobie.

  1. 10.04.2026
  2. www.leksykon.com.pl

Materiały źródłowe

  • #1 Prognosis and survival for uterine cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
    https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/uterine/prognosis-and-survival
    If you have uterine cancer, you may have questions about your prognosis. A prognosis is the doctors best estimate of how cancer will affect someone and how it will respond to treatment. Prognosis and survival depend on many factors. Only a doctor familiar with your medical history, the type, stage and characteristics of your cancer, the treatments chosen and the response to treatment can put all of this information together with survival statistics to arrive at a prognosis. […] Grade is one of the more important prognostic factors. Grade 1 or 2 tumours have a better prognosis and are less likely to recur than Grade 3 tumours. […] Myometrial invasion is how far the tumour has grown into, or invaded, the middle layer of the uterus wall (called the myometrium). Doctors can use the degree of myometrial invasion to predict if the cancer will come back, or recur, and to predict survival. The deeper the tumour has grown into the myometrium, the poorer the prognosis.
  • #2 Prognostic models for predicting recurrence and survival in women with endometrial cancer
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8202229/
    The outlook for most people diagnosed with endometrial cancer is good. The majority (70%) will present when the cancer is still confined to the womb (i.e. early-stage disease) and will be completely cured of their disease. Even when all stages of endometrial cancer are considered, nearly 80% of people affected can expect to survive for at least five years after their diagnosis, if they live in high-income countries (ONS 2016). […] However, approximately 10% to 15% of people with endometrial cancer will develop a recurrence (Bendifallah 2017; Salani 2017). The prognosis for those that develop recurrence is poor and most of these people will die from their disease (Bendifallah 2017). […] Determining the optimal selection strategy will hopefully reduce under and overtreatment in those diagnosed with endometrial cancer. […] This review aims to evaluate the comparative performance of all current prognostic models to predict recurrence and survival in those receiving curative treatment for endometrial cancer.
  • #3 Survival statistics for uterine cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
    https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/uterine/prognosis-and-survival/survival-statistics
    Survival statistics for uterine cancer are very general estimates and must be interpreted very carefully. Because these statistics are based on the experience of groups of women, they cannot be used to predict a particular woman’s chances of survival. […] In Canada, the 5-year net survival for uterine cancer is 82%. This means that about 82% of women diagnosed with uterine cancer will survive for at least 5 years. […] Generally, the earlier uterine cancer is diagnosed and treated, the better the outcome. Uterine cancer is usually diagnosed early and can be completely removed by surgery. […] Survival by stage of uterine cancer is reported as 5-year observed survival. Observed survival is the percentage of people with a particular cancer who are alive for a specified period of time after their diagnosis and is based on the stage of the cancer at the time of diagnosis.
  • #4 Survival Rate for Uterine Cancer | Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center – Buffalo, NY
    https://www.roswellpark.org/cancer/uterine-endometrial/survival-rate
    Cancer survival rates are usually discussed in terms of 5-year relative survival, which refers to the proportion of patients still alive 5 years after diagnosis. […] Overall, the five-year survival rate for women with uterine cancer is 85%, however, statistics show marked differences, called cancer health disparities, between white women and black women. Among white women, the five-year survival is 84%, compared to 62% for black women. […] Survival is largely dependent on your cancers stage at the time of diagnosis, and data from the National Cancer Institute show these survival rates for uterine cancer: […] Five-year survival rate for localized disease (such as stage 1 and stage 2) where the cancer was confined to the original location is 95%. […] Five-year survival rate for regional disease (such as stage 3) is 69%. […] Five-year survival rate for distant disease (stage 4) where the cancer has already spread to other body areas is 18%.
  • #5 Endometrial Cancer – Gynecology and Obstetrics – Merck Manual Professional Edition
    https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/gynecology-and-obstetrics/gynecologic-tumors/endometrial-cancer
    Prognosis is worse with higher-grade tumors, more extensive spread, and older patient age. […] Average 5-year survival rates for patients with endometrial cancer are (1) Stage I or II: 70 to 95% […] Stage III or IV: 10 to 60%. […] Overall, 63% of patients are cancer-free 5 years after treatment. […] Prognosis is better with type I tumors, which are grade 1 or 2 endometrioid adenocarcinomas; they tend to be estrogen-responsive and diagnosed at a younger age.
  • #6 Endometrial Cancer: Your Chances for Recovery (Prognosis) | Saint Luke’s Health System
    https://www.saintlukeskc.org/health-library/endometrial-cancer-your-chances-recovery-prognosis
    The 5-year relative survival rates are: 90% for women with stage 0, 88% for women with stage IA, 75% for women with stage IB, 69% for women with stage II, 58% for women with stage IIIA, 50% for women with stage IIIB, 47% for women with stage IIIC, 17% for women with stage IVA, 15% for women with stage IVB. […] You can ask your healthcare provider about survival rates and what you might expect.
  • #7 Survival Rate for Uterine Cancer | Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center – Buffalo, NY
    https://www.roswellpark.org/cancer/uterine-endometrial/survival-rate
    Cancer survival rates are usually discussed in terms of 5-year relative survival, which refers to the proportion of patients still alive 5 years after diagnosis. […] Overall, the five-year survival rate for women with uterine cancer is 85%, however, statistics show marked differences, called cancer health disparities, between white women and black women. Among white women, the five-year survival is 84%, compared to 62% for black women. […] Survival is largely dependent on your cancers stage at the time of diagnosis, and data from the National Cancer Institute show these survival rates for uterine cancer: […] Five-year survival rate for localized disease (such as stage 1 and stage 2) where the cancer was confined to the original location is 95%. […] Five-year survival rate for regional disease (such as stage 3) is 69%. […] Five-year survival rate for distant disease (stage 4) where the cancer has already spread to other body areas is 18%.
  • #8 Prognosis and survival for uterine cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
    https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/uterine/prognosis-and-survival
    If you have uterine cancer, you may have questions about your prognosis. A prognosis is the doctors best estimate of how cancer will affect someone and how it will respond to treatment. Prognosis and survival depend on many factors. Only a doctor familiar with your medical history, the type, stage and characteristics of your cancer, the treatments chosen and the response to treatment can put all of this information together with survival statistics to arrive at a prognosis. […] Grade is one of the more important prognostic factors. Grade 1 or 2 tumours have a better prognosis and are less likely to recur than Grade 3 tumours. […] Myometrial invasion is how far the tumour has grown into, or invaded, the middle layer of the uterus wall (called the myometrium). Doctors can use the degree of myometrial invasion to predict if the cancer will come back, or recur, and to predict survival. The deeper the tumour has grown into the myometrium, the poorer the prognosis.
  • #9 Prognosis and survival for uterine cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
    https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/uterine/prognosis-and-survival
    If you have uterine cancer, you may have questions about your prognosis. A prognosis is the doctors best estimate of how cancer will affect someone and how it will respond to treatment. Prognosis and survival depend on many factors. Only a doctor familiar with your medical history, the type, stage and characteristics of your cancer, the treatments chosen and the response to treatment can put all of this information together with survival statistics to arrive at a prognosis. […] Grade is one of the more important prognostic factors. Grade 1 or 2 tumours have a better prognosis and are less likely to recur than Grade 3 tumours. […] Myometrial invasion is how far the tumour has grown into, or invaded, the middle layer of the uterus wall (called the myometrium). Doctors can use the degree of myometrial invasion to predict if the cancer will come back, or recur, and to predict survival. The deeper the tumour has grown into the myometrium, the poorer the prognosis.
  • #10 Prognosis and survival for uterine cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
    https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/uterine/prognosis-and-survival
    Stage 1 cancers have the most favourable prognosis. Cancers have a less favourable prognosis if they have spread outside of the uterus, including to the following: lymph nodes, cervix, structures in the pelvis and abdomen (also known as extra-uterine disease). […] Endometrial carcinomas have a more favourable prognosis than uterine sarcomas. Some types of tumours within these groups have more favourable prognoses than others. For example, endometrioid carcinomas have a more favourable prognosis than serous adenocarcinomas. Also, endometrial stromal sarcomas have a more favourable prognosis than uterine leiomyosarcomas. […] When cancer cells are in the fluid in the abdominal cavity (called peritoneal fluid), it often means that the cancer has spread outside the uterus. This prognostic factor is often linked with other factors, such as how deep the tumour has grown into the myometrium and if the cancer has spread to lymph nodes. Cancer cells in the peritoneal fluid (called positive peritoneal cytology) often means the cancer is more aggressive and it has a less favourable prognosis.
  • #11 Factors predicting recurrent endometrial cancer
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3987371/
    Multiple variate Cox regression analysis revealed that age (HR 1.049, 95% CI 1.006-1.093, p=0.024), histological type (HR 2.668, 95% CI 1.177-6.047, p=0.019) and PR (HR 0.325, 95% CI 0.133-0.797, p=0,014) were independent prognostic factors. […] The DSS for patients with recurrence (n=26) was 71% at 2years and 32% at 5years, median DSS was 34months. The OS for patients with recurrence was 67% at 2years and 20% at 5years, median OS was 32months. […] The 5-year DSS was significantly lower in patients with recurrence (31%) versus patients without (95%) (p0.001). The 5-year OS was significantly lower in patients with recurrence (20%) versus patients without (89%) (p0.001). […] Histological type and PR were revealed as independent factors associated with DSS after recurrence (p=0.013 and p0.001 respectively) and OS after recurrence (p=0.046 and p0.001 respectively).
  • #12 Prognosis and survival for uterine cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
    https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/uterine/prognosis-and-survival
    Stage 1 cancers have the most favourable prognosis. Cancers have a less favourable prognosis if they have spread outside of the uterus, including to the following: lymph nodes, cervix, structures in the pelvis and abdomen (also known as extra-uterine disease). […] Endometrial carcinomas have a more favourable prognosis than uterine sarcomas. Some types of tumours within these groups have more favourable prognoses than others. For example, endometrioid carcinomas have a more favourable prognosis than serous adenocarcinomas. Also, endometrial stromal sarcomas have a more favourable prognosis than uterine leiomyosarcomas. […] When cancer cells are in the fluid in the abdominal cavity (called peritoneal fluid), it often means that the cancer has spread outside the uterus. This prognostic factor is often linked with other factors, such as how deep the tumour has grown into the myometrium and if the cancer has spread to lymph nodes. Cancer cells in the peritoneal fluid (called positive peritoneal cytology) often means the cancer is more aggressive and it has a less favourable prognosis.
  • #13 Prognosis and survival for uterine cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
    https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/uterine/prognosis-and-survival
    Stage 1 cancers have the most favourable prognosis. Cancers have a less favourable prognosis if they have spread outside of the uterus, including to the following: lymph nodes, cervix, structures in the pelvis and abdomen (also known as extra-uterine disease). […] Endometrial carcinomas have a more favourable prognosis than uterine sarcomas. Some types of tumours within these groups have more favourable prognoses than others. For example, endometrioid carcinomas have a more favourable prognosis than serous adenocarcinomas. Also, endometrial stromal sarcomas have a more favourable prognosis than uterine leiomyosarcomas. […] When cancer cells are in the fluid in the abdominal cavity (called peritoneal fluid), it often means that the cancer has spread outside the uterus. This prognostic factor is often linked with other factors, such as how deep the tumour has grown into the myometrium and if the cancer has spread to lymph nodes. Cancer cells in the peritoneal fluid (called positive peritoneal cytology) often means the cancer is more aggressive and it has a less favourable prognosis.
  • #14 Prognosis and survival for uterine cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
    https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/uterine/prognosis-and-survival
    The presence of progesterone receptors on the cancer cells may be linked with a less aggressive cancer. Cancer cells that have progesterone receptors have a better response to hormonal therapy and a more favourable prognosis. […] Younger women tend to have a better prognosis than post-menopausal women. This is true even though younger women may not be diagnosed with uterine cancer based on their symptoms as quickly as older women. Younger women often have lower grade tumours that are found at an earlier stage and havent grown very deep into the myometrium. Older women often have a more aggressive type of tumour and more advanced disease. As a result, older women tend to have a less favourable prognosis. […] Obesity, especially when the woman also has diabetes and high blood pressure, has been linked with a less favourable prognosis.
  • #15 Factors predicting recurrent endometrial cancer
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3987371/
    Multiple variate Cox regression analysis revealed that age (HR 1.049, 95% CI 1.006-1.093, p=0.024), histological type (HR 2.668, 95% CI 1.177-6.047, p=0.019) and PR (HR 0.325, 95% CI 0.133-0.797, p=0,014) were independent prognostic factors. […] The DSS for patients with recurrence (n=26) was 71% at 2years and 32% at 5years, median DSS was 34months. The OS for patients with recurrence was 67% at 2years and 20% at 5years, median OS was 32months. […] The 5-year DSS was significantly lower in patients with recurrence (31%) versus patients without (95%) (p0.001). The 5-year OS was significantly lower in patients with recurrence (20%) versus patients without (89%) (p0.001). […] Histological type and PR were revealed as independent factors associated with DSS after recurrence (p=0.013 and p0.001 respectively) and OS after recurrence (p=0.046 and p0.001 respectively).
  • #16 Factors predicting recurrent endometrial cancer
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3987371/
    Multiple variate Cox regression analysis revealed that age (HR 1.049, 95% CI 1.006-1.093, p=0.024), histological type (HR 2.668, 95% CI 1.177-6.047, p=0.019) and PR (HR 0.325, 95% CI 0.133-0.797, p=0,014) were independent prognostic factors. […] The DSS for patients with recurrence (n=26) was 71% at 2years and 32% at 5years, median DSS was 34months. The OS for patients with recurrence was 67% at 2years and 20% at 5years, median OS was 32months. […] The 5-year DSS was significantly lower in patients with recurrence (31%) versus patients without (95%) (p0.001). The 5-year OS was significantly lower in patients with recurrence (20%) versus patients without (89%) (p0.001). […] Histological type and PR were revealed as independent factors associated with DSS after recurrence (p=0.013 and p0.001 respectively) and OS after recurrence (p=0.046 and p0.001 respectively).
  • #17 Prognosis and survival for uterine cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
    https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/uterine/prognosis-and-survival
    The presence of progesterone receptors on the cancer cells may be linked with a less aggressive cancer. Cancer cells that have progesterone receptors have a better response to hormonal therapy and a more favourable prognosis. […] Younger women tend to have a better prognosis than post-menopausal women. This is true even though younger women may not be diagnosed with uterine cancer based on their symptoms as quickly as older women. Younger women often have lower grade tumours that are found at an earlier stage and havent grown very deep into the myometrium. Older women often have a more aggressive type of tumour and more advanced disease. As a result, older women tend to have a less favourable prognosis. […] Obesity, especially when the woman also has diabetes and high blood pressure, has been linked with a less favourable prognosis.
  • #18 Factors predicting recurrent endometrial cancer
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3987371/
    Multiple variate Cox regression analysis revealed that age (HR 1.049, 95% CI 1.006-1.093, p=0.024), histological type (HR 2.668, 95% CI 1.177-6.047, p=0.019) and PR (HR 0.325, 95% CI 0.133-0.797, p=0,014) were independent prognostic factors. […] The DSS for patients with recurrence (n=26) was 71% at 2years and 32% at 5years, median DSS was 34months. The OS for patients with recurrence was 67% at 2years and 20% at 5years, median OS was 32months. […] The 5-year DSS was significantly lower in patients with recurrence (31%) versus patients without (95%) (p0.001). The 5-year OS was significantly lower in patients with recurrence (20%) versus patients without (89%) (p0.001). […] Histological type and PR were revealed as independent factors associated with DSS after recurrence (p=0.013 and p0.001 respectively) and OS after recurrence (p=0.046 and p0.001 respectively).
  • #19 Prognosis and survival for uterine cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
    https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/uterine/prognosis-and-survival
    The presence of progesterone receptors on the cancer cells may be linked with a less aggressive cancer. Cancer cells that have progesterone receptors have a better response to hormonal therapy and a more favourable prognosis. […] Younger women tend to have a better prognosis than post-menopausal women. This is true even though younger women may not be diagnosed with uterine cancer based on their symptoms as quickly as older women. Younger women often have lower grade tumours that are found at an earlier stage and havent grown very deep into the myometrium. Older women often have a more aggressive type of tumour and more advanced disease. As a result, older women tend to have a less favourable prognosis. […] Obesity, especially when the woman also has diabetes and high blood pressure, has been linked with a less favourable prognosis.
  • #20 Prognostic models for predicting recurrence and survival in women with endometrial cancer
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8202229/
    The outlook for most people diagnosed with endometrial cancer is good. The majority (70%) will present when the cancer is still confined to the womb (i.e. early-stage disease) and will be completely cured of their disease. Even when all stages of endometrial cancer are considered, nearly 80% of people affected can expect to survive for at least five years after their diagnosis, if they live in high-income countries (ONS 2016). […] However, approximately 10% to 15% of people with endometrial cancer will develop a recurrence (Bendifallah 2017; Salani 2017). The prognosis for those that develop recurrence is poor and most of these people will die from their disease (Bendifallah 2017). […] Determining the optimal selection strategy will hopefully reduce under and overtreatment in those diagnosed with endometrial cancer. […] This review aims to evaluate the comparative performance of all current prognostic models to predict recurrence and survival in those receiving curative treatment for endometrial cancer.
  • #21 Prognostic models for predicting recurrence and survival in women with endometrial cancer
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8202229/
    The outlook for most people diagnosed with endometrial cancer is good. The majority (70%) will present when the cancer is still confined to the womb (i.e. early-stage disease) and will be completely cured of their disease. Even when all stages of endometrial cancer are considered, nearly 80% of people affected can expect to survive for at least five years after their diagnosis, if they live in high-income countries (ONS 2016). […] However, approximately 10% to 15% of people with endometrial cancer will develop a recurrence (Bendifallah 2017; Salani 2017). The prognosis for those that develop recurrence is poor and most of these people will die from their disease (Bendifallah 2017). […] Determining the optimal selection strategy will hopefully reduce under and overtreatment in those diagnosed with endometrial cancer. […] This review aims to evaluate the comparative performance of all current prognostic models to predict recurrence and survival in those receiving curative treatment for endometrial cancer.
  • #22 Factors predicting recurrent endometrial cancer
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3987371/
    Multiple variate Cox regression analysis revealed that age (HR 1.049, 95% CI 1.006-1.093, p=0.024), histological type (HR 2.668, 95% CI 1.177-6.047, p=0.019) and PR (HR 0.325, 95% CI 0.133-0.797, p=0,014) were independent prognostic factors. […] The DSS for patients with recurrence (n=26) was 71% at 2years and 32% at 5years, median DSS was 34months. The OS for patients with recurrence was 67% at 2years and 20% at 5years, median OS was 32months. […] The 5-year DSS was significantly lower in patients with recurrence (31%) versus patients without (95%) (p0.001). The 5-year OS was significantly lower in patients with recurrence (20%) versus patients without (89%) (p0.001). […] Histological type and PR were revealed as independent factors associated with DSS after recurrence (p=0.013 and p0.001 respectively) and OS after recurrence (p=0.046 and p0.001 respectively).
  • #23 Factors predicting recurrent endometrial cancer
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3987371/
    Multiple variate Cox regression analysis revealed that age (HR 1.049, 95% CI 1.006-1.093, p=0.024), histological type (HR 2.668, 95% CI 1.177-6.047, p=0.019) and PR (HR 0.325, 95% CI 0.133-0.797, p=0,014) were independent prognostic factors. […] The DSS for patients with recurrence (n=26) was 71% at 2years and 32% at 5years, median DSS was 34months. The OS for patients with recurrence was 67% at 2years and 20% at 5years, median OS was 32months. […] The 5-year DSS was significantly lower in patients with recurrence (31%) versus patients without (95%) (p0.001). The 5-year OS was significantly lower in patients with recurrence (20%) versus patients without (89%) (p0.001). […] Histological type and PR were revealed as independent factors associated with DSS after recurrence (p=0.013 and p0.001 respectively) and OS after recurrence (p=0.046 and p0.001 respectively).
  • #24 Endometrial cancer survival after breast cancer in relation to tamoxifen treatment: Pooled results from three countries | Breast Cancer Research | Full Text
    https://breast-cancer-research.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/bcr3206
    Tamoxifen is an effective treatment for breast cancer but an undesirable side-effect is an increased risk of endometrial cancer, particularly rare tumor types associated with poor prognosis. […] Mortality from endometrial cancer increased significantly with unfavorable non-endometrioid morphologies (P 0.0001), International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics staging system for gynecological malignancy (FIGO) stage (P 0.0001) and age (P 0.0001). […] No overall association was observed between tamoxifen treatment and endometrial cancer mortality (HR = 1.17 (95% CI: (0.89 to 1.55)). […] Tamoxifen use for at least five years was associated with increased endometrial cancer mortality (HR = 1.59 (1.13 to 2.25)). […] Patients with endometrial cancer after breast cancer who received tamoxifen treatment for five years for breast cancer have greater endometrial cancer mortality risk than those who did not receive tamoxifen.
  • #25 Endometrial cancer survival after breast cancer in relation to tamoxifen treatment: Pooled results from three countries | Breast Cancer Research | Full Text
    https://breast-cancer-research.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/bcr3206
    Tamoxifen is an effective treatment for breast cancer but an undesirable side-effect is an increased risk of endometrial cancer, particularly rare tumor types associated with poor prognosis. […] Mortality from endometrial cancer increased significantly with unfavorable non-endometrioid morphologies (P 0.0001), International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics staging system for gynecological malignancy (FIGO) stage (P 0.0001) and age (P 0.0001). […] No overall association was observed between tamoxifen treatment and endometrial cancer mortality (HR = 1.17 (95% CI: (0.89 to 1.55)). […] Tamoxifen use for at least five years was associated with increased endometrial cancer mortality (HR = 1.59 (1.13 to 2.25)). […] Patients with endometrial cancer after breast cancer who received tamoxifen treatment for five years for breast cancer have greater endometrial cancer mortality risk than those who did not receive tamoxifen.
  • #26 Endometrial cancer survival after breast cancer in relation to tamoxifen treatment: Pooled results from three countries | Breast Cancer Research | Full Text
    https://breast-cancer-research.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/bcr3206
    This can be attributed to non-endometrioid histological subtypes with poorer prognosis among long term tamoxifen users. […] Endometrial cancer mortality risk among women who stopped tamoxifen use at least five years before their endometrial cancer diagnosis was twice that of women who had never used tamoxifen and the trend with cessation among users (HR = 1.11 per year since last use (1.05 to 1.18)) remained statistically significant after adjustment for morphological type, duration of tamoxifen use, FIGO stage and interval between breast and endometrial cancer. […] Patients who had stopped tamoxifen use five or more years before diagnosis of endometrioid endometrial cancer had increased endometrial cancer mortality, a finding that warrants further research.
  • #27 Prediction of recurrence risk in endometrial cancer with multimodal deep learning | Nature Medicine
    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-024-02993-w
    Predicting distant recurrence of endometrial cancer (EC) is crucial for personalized adjuvant treatment. […] HECTOR demonstrated C-indices in internal (n=353) and two external (n=160 and n=151) test sets of 0.789, 0.828 and 0.815, respectively, outperforming the current gold standard, and identified patients with markedly different outcomes (10-year distant recurrence-free probabilities of 97.0%, 77.7% and 58.1% for HECTOR low-, intermediate- and high-risk groups, respectively, by Kaplan-Meier analysis). […] HECTOR also predicted adjuvant chemotherapy benefit better than current methods. […] HECTOR improves on the current gold standard and may help delivery of personalized treatment in EC. […] HECTOR showed strong prognostic value as a continuous variable in the training test set (HR=5.06; 95% CI: 4.355.89; P=9.001099), the internal test set (HR=2.69; 95% CI: 2.073.49; P=1.311013) and the UMCG external test set (HR=5.84; 95% CI: 3.0611.14; P=8.37108).
  • #28 Prediction of recurrence risk in endometrial cancer with multimodal deep learning | Nature Medicine
    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-024-02993-w
    Predicting distant recurrence of endometrial cancer (EC) is crucial for personalized adjuvant treatment. […] HECTOR demonstrated C-indices in internal (n=353) and two external (n=160 and n=151) test sets of 0.789, 0.828 and 0.815, respectively, outperforming the current gold standard, and identified patients with markedly different outcomes (10-year distant recurrence-free probabilities of 97.0%, 77.7% and 58.1% for HECTOR low-, intermediate- and high-risk groups, respectively, by Kaplan-Meier analysis). […] HECTOR also predicted adjuvant chemotherapy benefit better than current methods. […] HECTOR improves on the current gold standard and may help delivery of personalized treatment in EC. […] HECTOR showed strong prognostic value as a continuous variable in the training test set (HR=5.06; 95% CI: 4.355.89; P=9.001099), the internal test set (HR=2.69; 95% CI: 2.073.49; P=1.311013) and the UMCG external test set (HR=5.84; 95% CI: 3.0611.14; P=8.37108).
  • #29 Prediction of recurrence risk in endometrial cancer with multimodal deep learning | Nature Medicine
    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-024-02993-w
    The corresponding HR for HECTOR high- and intermediate-risk groups in the internal set, using the HECTOR low-risk group as the reference, were 15.63 (95% CI: 6.5837.13; P=4.811010) and 7.67 (95% CI: 3.0619.22; P=1.37105), respectively. […] HECTOR demonstrated significant predictive utility that may exceed that offered by current methods.
  • #30 Prediction Tools for Uterine (Endometrial) Cancer | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
    https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/uterine-endometrial/prediction-tools
    Our endometrial cancer nomogram is an online tool that can be used to predict the chance of overall survival following primary therapy for endometrial cancer, sometimes also called uterine cancer. […] An accurate understanding of prognosis for women with endometrial cancer after surgery can help guide doctors and patients in their choice of follow-up therapies such as chemotherapy, radiation, and hormone therapy. […] Traditionally in endometrial cancer, doctors have relied mainly on the final International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging assessment to estimate overall outcome. However, it is well known that other patient factors such as age, histology (the specific subtype of endometrial cancer assigned after pathology analysis), final grade (the percentage of an endometrial tumor that is solid), and adequacy or accuracy of staging (a system that identifies the extent to which the cancer has spread) may play equally important roles in prognosis and overall outcome. This nomogram takes these other factors into account. […] To better understand the results of the nomogram, patients should discuss survival estimates with their doctors.
  • #31 Endometrial Cancer: Your Chances for Recovery (Prognosis) | Saint Luke’s Health System
    https://www.saintlukeskc.org/health-library/endometrial-cancer-your-chances-recovery-prognosis
    Prognosis is the word your healthcare team may use to describe your chances of recovering from cancer. […] A prognosis is a calculated guess. […] Cancer and cancer treatment outcomes are hard to predict. […] If your cancer is likely to respond well to treatment, your doctor will say you have a favorable prognosis. This means you’re expected to live many years and may even be cured. […] If your cancer is likely to be hard to control, your prognosis may be less favorable. The cancer may shorten your life. […] Your prognosis depends mainly on: The type and location of the cancer, The stage of the cancer, Your overall health, Your treatment decisions. […] How well treatment works for women with endometrial cancer depends on the type and stage of cancer. […] A 5-year survival rate means how many women are alive 5 years after diagnosis.
  • #32 Survival statistics for uterine cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
    https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/uterine/prognosis-and-survival/survival-statistics
    Survival statistics for uterine cancer are very general estimates and must be interpreted very carefully. Because these statistics are based on the experience of groups of women, they cannot be used to predict a particular woman’s chances of survival. […] In Canada, the 5-year net survival for uterine cancer is 82%. This means that about 82% of women diagnosed with uterine cancer will survive for at least 5 years. […] Generally, the earlier uterine cancer is diagnosed and treated, the better the outcome. Uterine cancer is usually diagnosed early and can be completely removed by surgery. […] Survival by stage of uterine cancer is reported as 5-year observed survival. Observed survival is the percentage of people with a particular cancer who are alive for a specified period of time after their diagnosis and is based on the stage of the cancer at the time of diagnosis.
  • #33 Uterine Cancer (Endometrial Cancer): Symptoms & Treatment
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16409-uterine-cancer
    The five-year survival rate for endometrial cancer is 81%. That means 81% of women diagnosed with the disease are alive five years later. The rate is even higher when cancer hasnt spread outside your uterus. Then, the survival rate reaches as high as 95%. Treatments continue to improve, along with survival rates. Uterine cancer is fatal when it goes undiagnosed and spreads. The survival rate decreases to 17% when cancer spreads to other parts of your body outside your uterus. Early detection and early treatment are key to a favorable prognosis. […] Fortunately, endometrial cancer is often diagnosed at an early stage. Thats because many people notice unusual bleeding and tell their healthcare providers. If cancer gets caught early and hasnt spread to other organs, removing your uterus can cure it.
  • #34 Survival statistics for uterine cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
    https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/uterine/prognosis-and-survival/survival-statistics
    Survival statistics for uterine cancer are very general estimates and must be interpreted very carefully. Because these statistics are based on the experience of groups of women, they cannot be used to predict a particular woman’s chances of survival. […] In Canada, the 5-year net survival for uterine cancer is 82%. This means that about 82% of women diagnosed with uterine cancer will survive for at least 5 years. […] Generally, the earlier uterine cancer is diagnosed and treated, the better the outcome. Uterine cancer is usually diagnosed early and can be completely removed by surgery. […] Survival by stage of uterine cancer is reported as 5-year observed survival. Observed survival is the percentage of people with a particular cancer who are alive for a specified period of time after their diagnosis and is based on the stage of the cancer at the time of diagnosis.
  • #35 Survival statistics for uterine cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
    https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/uterine/prognosis-and-survival/survival-statistics
    Talk to your doctor about your prognosis. A prognosis depends on many factors, including: your health history, the type of cancer, the stage, certain characteristics of the cancer, the treatments chosen, how the cancer responds to treatment. Only a doctor familiar with these factors can put all of this information together with survival statistics to arrive at a prognosis.