Materiały źródłowe

• #1

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/womb-cancer/causes/

  Womb cancer is most common in women who’ve been through menopause. […] Having a high level of a hormone called oestrogen is one of the main things that can increase your chance of getting womb cancer. […] You might also be more likely to get womb cancer if you have: diabetes, a family history of bowel, ovarian or womb cancer, inherited a rare gene that causes Lynch syndrome, taken medicines like tamoxifen (used to treat breast cancer), had radiotherapy on your pelvis.

• #1 Womb (uterus) cancer | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/cancer/cancer-types-in-adults/womb-uterus-cancer/

  Its not clear exactly what causes womb cancer, but certain things can increase your risk of developing the condition. […] A hormone imbalance is one of the most important risks for womb cancer. Specifically, your risk is increased if you have high levels of a hormone called oestrogen in your body. […] A number of things can cause this hormone imbalance, including obesity, diabetes, and hormone replacement therapy (HRT). There is also a small increase in the risk of womb cancer with long-term use of the breast cancer drug tamoxifen. […] Its not known exactly what causes womb cancer, but certain things can increase your risk of developing it. […] Cancer begins with a change (mutation) in the structure of the DNA in cells, which can affect how they grow. This means cells grow and reproduce uncontrollably, producing a lump of tissue called a tumour.

• #1 Uterine cancer – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uterine_cancer

  Risk factors for endometrial cancer include obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, taking pills that contain estrogen without progesterone, a history of tamoxifen use, late menopause, and a family history of the condition.[7][1] […] Risk factors for uterine sarcoma include prior radiation therapy to the pelvis, a history of tamoxifen use, a history of childhood retinoblastoma, and hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma (HLRCC) syndrome.[2][12] […] It is not known with certainty what the causes for uterine cancer may be, though hormone imbalance is cited as a risk factor. Estrogen receptors, known to be present on the surfaces of cells of this type of cancer, are thought to interact with the hormone causing increased cell growth, which can then result in cancer. The exact mechanism of how this occurs is not understood.[13]

• #1 What Causes Endometrial Cancer? | American Cancer Society | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/endometrial-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/what-causes.html

  We don’t yet know exactly what causes most cases of endometrial cancer, but we do know there are risk factors, like obesity and hormone imbalance, that are strongly linked to this cancer. […] We know that most endometrial cancer cells have estrogen and/or progesterone receptors on their surfaces. Somehow, interaction of these receptors and these hormones leads to increased growth of the endometrium. This increased growth can become more and more abnormal until it develops into a cancer. […] As noted in the risk factors section, many of the known endometrial cancer risk factors affect the balance between estrogen and progesterone in the body. […] Scientists are learning more about changes in the DNA of certain genes that occur when normal endometrial cells become cancer.

• #1 Risks And Causes Of Womb Cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/womb-cancer/risks-causes

  Being overweight or obese is one of the biggest risks of womb cancer in the UK. […] Womb cancer is also called uterine cancer. […] The risk of womb cancer increases with age. Most women diagnosed with womb cancer have been through their menopause and are aged 75 to 79. […] Being overweight or obese is the biggest preventable risk factor for womb cancer. Being overweight or obese causes around a third of womb cancers. […] Women who are obese or overweight have higher levels of oestrogen than those who are not. […] Anything that increases the amount of oestrogen in your body increases your risk of womb cancer. […] Oestrogen only HRT increases the risk of womb cancer. […] Tamoxifen is a hormone therapy for some types of breast cancer. It can increase womb cancer risk. […] Several studies show a higher risk of womb cancer in women with diabetes for both Type 1 and Type 2.

• #1 Womb (uterus) cancer | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/cancer/cancer-types-in-adults/womb-uterus-cancer/

  A number of things have been identified that increase the risk of developing womb cancer. […] The risk of developing womb cancer increases with age. The majority of cases occur in women and anyone with a womb aged 40 to 74. […] The risk of developing womb cancer is linked to the bodys exposure to oestrogen. Oestrogen is one of the hormones that regulate the reproductive system. […] Because of the link between increased levels of unopposed oestrogen and womb cancer, oestrogen-only hormone replacement therapy (HRT) should only be given to those who have had their womb surgically removed (hysterectomy). […] As oestrogen can be produced in fatty tissue, being overweight or obese increases the level of oestrogen in your body. This significantly increases your chances of developing womb cancer.

• #1 Cancer of the Uterus – Women’s Health Issues – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/women-s-health-issues/cancers-of-the-female-reproductive-system/cancer-of-the-uterus

  Endometrial cancer is more common in high-resource countries where obesity rates are high. […] Risk factors for endometrial cancer are conditions that result in a high level of estrogen and a low level of progesterone, age over 45, obesity, use of tamoxifen for 2 years or longer, a hereditary syndrome called Lynch syndrome, and radiation therapy of the pelvis. […] Conditions that result in a high level of estrogen and a low level of progesterone include obesity, polycystic ovary syndrome or other menstrual problems related to release of the egg, early start of menstrual periods, late menopause, never being pregnant, estrogen therapy without a progestin, and estrogen-producing tumors. […] Estrogen promotes the growth of tissue and rapid cell division in the lining of the uterus. […] Tamoxifen, a medication used to treat breast cancer, blocks the effects of estrogen in the breast, but it has the same effects as estrogen in the uterus. […] In approximately 5% of women with endometrial cancer, heredity plays a role. About half of endometrial cancers that involve heredity occur in women who have a hereditary syndrome called Lynch syndrome.

• #1 Endometrial Cancer Risk Factors | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/endometrial-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html

  A risk factor is anything that raises your chance of getting a disease such as cancer. […] Although certain factors can increase the risk for developing endometrial cancer, they don’t always cause the disease. […] Many who have risk factors never develop endometrial cancer. […] Some with endometrial cancer don’t have any known risk factors. […] Even if someone with endometrial cancer has one or more risk factors, there is no way to know which, if any, of them caused the cancer. […] Starting menstruation at a young age and going through menopause at a late age increases the exposure of the endometrium to estrogen and therefore increases the risk of endometrial cancer. […] The risk of endometrial cancer is higher if you have never been pregnant compared to having at least one pregnancy.

• #1 Uterine Sarcoma: Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16408-uterine-sarcoma

• #1 Womb (uterus) cancer | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/cancer/cancer-types-in-adults/womb-uterus-cancer/

  Women and anyone with a womb who has not had children are at a higher risk of womb cancer. […] Women and anyone with a womb who are treated with tamoxifen (a hormone treatment for breast cancer) can be at an increased risk of developing womb cancer. […] Women and anyone with a womb with diabetes are twice as likely to develop womb cancer as those without the condition. […] Women and anyone with ovaries with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) are at a higher risk of developing womb cancer, as they have high levels of oestrogen in their bodies. […] Endometrial hyperplasia is when the lining of the womb becomes thicker. It may be increase risk of developing womb cancer.

• #1 What Causes Uterine Cancer? Risk Factors to Know

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/uterine-cancer/risk-factors

  Hyperplasia is not cancer, but the condition may increase the risk of developing cancer, depending on the type of hyperplasia, whether the cells in the endometrium have become abnormal, and other factors. […] High estrogen levels coupled with low progesterone levels make women with PCOS more vulnerable to developing endometrial cancer. […] Breast, ovarian and endometrial cancer share many of the same risk factors, especially those related to diet, hormones and reproduction. […] This causes a decrease in the production of important hormones and has been linked to endometrial cancer. […] Endometrial cancer is more common among women with type 2 diabetesabout two times more common than the average population, according to the ACS. […] A type of ovarian cancer tumor called a granulosa cell tumor may produce estrogen that stimulates the growth of the uterine lining, which may lead to endometrial cancer.

• #1 Uterine cancer | Causes, Symptoms & Treatments | Cancer Council

  https://www.cancer.org.au/cancer-information/types-of-cancer/uterine-cancer

  Cancer of the uterus occurs when abnormal cells develop in the uterus and begin growing out of control. […] Some factors that can increase your risk of uterine cancer include: being postmenopausal, or reaching menopause (after age 55); a thickened wall lining (endometrial hyperplasia); never having children; starting periods early (before age 12); having high blood pressure or diabetes; being overweight or obese; family history of ovarian, uterine, or bowel cancer; having a genetic condition such as Cowden syndrome or Lynch syndrome; previous ovarian tumours, or polycystic ovary syndrome; using oestrogen only hormone replacement therapy or fertility treatment; previous radiation therapy to the pelvis; taking tamoxifen to treat breast cancer (the benefits of treating breast cancer usually outweigh the risk of uterine cancer – (talk to your doctor if you are concerned). […] There are no proven measures to prevent uterine cancer. However, you may be able to minimise your risk factors, such as maintaining a healthy weight, and being vigilant about any abnormal vaginal bleeding.

• #1 Uterine Cancer: Types, Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-is-uterine-cancer-5092104

  Estrogen replacement therapy (ERT): ERT is associated with an increased risk of uterine cancer, particularly when the endometrium is exposed to estrogen without progesterone. […] Lynch syndrome: This is a hereditary syndrome linked to a higher risk of some cancers including endometrial, colorectal, and ovarian cancer. […] Obesity: More than 50% of endometrial cancers are linked with obesity. Adipose tissue (fat) converts androgen to estrogen, which can lead to an increase in unopposed estrogen exposure. This increases the risk of uterine cancer.

• #1 What Causes Uterine Cancer? Risk Factors to Know

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/uterine-cancer/risk-factors

  Women who have had more menstrual cycles in their lifetime have an increased endometrial cancer risk. […] Researchers are investigating why pregnancy seems to reduce the risk of endometrial cancer. […] Irregular menstrual cycles and infertility also may cause imbalances in estrogen and progesterone levels, which may increase the risk of endometrial cancer. […] The risk for developing cancer is low among women with uterine polyps. […] Fat tissues tend to produce higher levels of estrogen, particularly after menopause, which increases the endometrial cancer risk for older, overweight women. […] This syndrome occurs when a specific set of conditions develop at the same time, such as extra fat around the abdomen, high blood sugar, high blood pressure, high levels of triglycerides and low levels of high-density lipoproteins in the blood.

• #1 What Causes Uterine Cancer? Risk Factors to Know

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/uterine-cancer/risk-factors

  Replacing estrogen without increasing progesterone levels after menopause may increase a womans risk of developing endometrial cancer. […] A drug indicated for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer, called tamoxifen, may spur increased growth of the uterine lining in some post-menopausal women, raising the risk of endometrial cancer. […] Patients who have undergone radiation therapy in the pelvic area for cancer in the past may face an increased risk of developing endometrial cancer. […] A family history of cancer does not necessarily mean a woman is at high risk for developing the disease. […] About 5 percent of uterine cancers are linked to hereditary factors. […] If several members of the patient’s family have had endometrial cancer or Lynch syndrome (also known as hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer) she may be a candidate for genetic testing.

• #1 Risks And Causes Of Womb Cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/womb-cancer/risks-causes

  You have a higher risk of developing womb cancer if you have atypical hyperplasia. […] Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have an increased risk of womb cancer compared to women who don’t have PCOS. […] A family history of womb cancer is associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer. […] If you have a family history of Lynch syndrome, you may also be at increased risk of womb cancer. […] Studies show having children lowers womb cancer risk. […] The combined pill, the most common type of birth control pill, is linked with a reduced risk of womb cancer. […] Physical activity is thought to probably be protective against womb cancer. […] Some studies show coffee as probably protective against womb cancer, but we need more research to understand this.

• #1 Womb Cancer Causes | Macmillan Cancer Support

  https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/womb-cancer/womb-cancer-causes

  Longer exposure to oestrogen can increase your risk of womb cancer. […] At least 1 in 3 womb cancers (33%) are linked to obesity (being very overweight). This may be linked to the fact that body fat is the main source of oestrogen after the menopause. […] A small number of womb cancers are caused by gene changes that are passed on in a family. This affects less than 5 in 100 women (5%). […] Lynch syndrome means there is a 3 to 6 in 10 risk (30 to 60%) of developing womb cancer over your lifetime if you have a womb. […] Tamoxifen is a hormonal drug used to treat breast cancer. It can slightly increase the risk of pre-cancerous changes in the womb. Rarely, it can cause womb cancer. […] Some other medical conditions may cause a higher risk of pre-cancerous changes in the womb or womb cancer. […] Diabetes increases the risk of womb cancer. […] Some types of ovarian cancers called granulosa and theca cell tumours can produce oestrogen. This increases the risk of pre-cancerous changes and rarely can cause womb cancer.

• #1 Endometrial Cancer Risk Factors | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/endometrial-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html

  Having a medical condition such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and estrogen-secreting ovarian tumors increases the risk of uterine cancer. […] Having more fat tissue can increase estrogen levels, especially after menopause, which increases the risk of endometrial cancer. […] These conditions are linked to an increased risk of endometrial cancer. […] A high-fat diet can increase the risk of many cancers, including endometrial cancer. […] Endometrial hyperplasia is an increased growth of the endometrium. […] The risk of endometrial cancer increases with age and most commonly occurs after menopause. […] Lynch syndrome or hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer (HNPCC) and Cowden syndrome are genetic conditions that increase the risk of endometrial cancer. […] Some families have a higher rate of only endometrial cancer.

• #1 Cancer of the Uterus

  https://www.health.ny.gov/statistics/cancer/registry/abouts/uterus.htm

  Cancer of the uterus is rare before age 45. The incidence of uterine cancer increases sharply between the ages of 45 and 65. Cancer of the uterus occurs more frequently among Whites than Blacks. […] At this time, the causes of uterine cancer are not well understood. However, scientists agree that certain factors increase a person’s risk of developing endometrial cancer. These risk factors include: […] Women whose close relatives (mother, sister, daughter) have had uterine cancer are at higher risk for developing the disease. Also, women with a family history of hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (also known as Lynch syndrome) are at increased risk of uterine cancer. […] Women who are obese are at greater risk for uterine cancer. […] Women who have had radiation therapy to the pelvis for other cancers are at increased risk for uterine cancer.

• #1 Risk factors for uterine cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/uterine/risks

  There is convincing evidence that the following factors increase your risk for uterine cancer. […] Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) uses female sex hormones (estrogen, progesterone or both) to manage the symptoms of menopause, such as hot flashes, vaginal dryness and mood swings. Research shows that using HRT with estrogen alone (without progesterone) increases the risk for uterine cancer. […] Women who have a higher number of menstrual periods during their lifetime have a greater risk of developing uterine cancer. […] Women who never give birth to a child are 2 times more likely to develop uterine cancer than women who give birth at least once. […] Women who are overweight or obese have a higher risk of developing uterine cancer. Those with a high amount of body fat can be up to 10 times more likely to develop uterine cancer.

• #1 Uterine Cancer: Types, Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-is-uterine-cancer-5092104

  Uterine cancer is the most common gynecological cancer in the United States, with a yearly new cancer case rate of 27.2 per 100,000 people and a yearly death rate of 5 per 100,000 people. […] While scientists don’t fully understand what causes uterine cancer, hormonal imbalances are believed to play a role. Estrogen can cause the cells and tissue of the endometrium to multiply faster than usual, which can lead to endometrial hyperplasia (abnormal enlargement of the endometrium). […] Risk factors for uterine cancer include: Age: Endometrial cancer mainly affects postmenopausal people, with an average age at diagnosis of 60. It is uncommon in people under age 45. […] No prior pregnancies: Uterine cancer is more common among people who have not been pregnant. One possible explanation for this link is that the body produces more progesterone and less estrogen during pregnancy. Another possibility is that infertility is associated with an imbalance between progesterone and estrogen, which could also contribute to uterine cancer.

• #1

  https://www.beaumont.org/conditions/uterine-cancer

  Uterine Cancer, the most common cancer of the female reproductive tract, occurs when abnormal cells form in the tissues of the uterus. […] The most common type of cancer of the uterus begins in the endometrium (lining of the uterus). A second type of cancer seen in the uterus is uterine sarcoma. This type of cancer of the uterus occurs in the muscle. […] The following have been suggested as risk factors for uterine cancer: age 50 or over, history of endometrial hyperplasia, estrogen replacement therapy (ERT), Women who use estrogen, without progesterone, have an increased risk of developing uterine cancer, obesity, diabetes, hypertension (high blood pressure), history of an inherited form of colon cancer, history of taking tamoxifen for breast cancer treatment or prevention, race: African-American women are affected at a rate twice that of Caucasian or Asian women. […] Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of normal cells lining the uterus. Although it is not cancer, it may develop into cancer in some women.

• #1 Endometrial (Uterine) Cancer: Symptoms, Causes, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/endometrial-cancer

  If you have the genetic mutations associated with Lynch syndrome, it slightly increases your risk of certain types of cancer, including colon cancer and endometrial cancer. […] If you’ve had breast cancer or ovarian cancer in the past, that may also raise your risk of endometrial cancer. […] While these risk factors can feel extensive, many individuals with certain risk factors never develop endometrial cancer, and some individuals without any risk factors can develop it.

• #1 Uterine Cancer Facts and Causes – Color Health

  https://www.color.com/learn/cancer/uterine-cancer-facts-and-causes

  There are factors that can decrease risk. Using oral contraceptives (birth control pills), using an intrauterine device (IUD) for birth control, having a lower body mass index (BMI), giving birth, and having a hysterectomy (surgical removal of the uterus) also reduce the risk of developing uterine cancer.

• #1 Endometrial cancer | Cancer Australia

  https://www.canceraustralia.gov.au/cancer-types/endometrial-cancer

  Endometrial cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the lining of the uterus, often caused by abnormal cell growth. […] Endometrial cancer, or endometrial carcinoma, is primarily caused by adenocarcinomas, which start in glandular cells. […] Understand your risk factors for endometrial cancer, including family history, weight, and lifestyle habits. […] The most common symptom of endometrial cancer is abnormal vaginal discharge, particularly if it occurs after menopause. […] Multiple tests, including physical examination, ultrasound, biopsy, and imaging scans, can be used to diagnose endometrial cancer, with the stage and grade of the cancer helping determine the best treatment. […] Endometrial cancer treatment plans are tailored to individual cases and may involve surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, or targeted therapy, with the goal of removing the cancer and preventing recurrence. […] Endometrial cancer diagnosis and treatment can lead to physical and emotional challenges, including pain, physical changes, and fertility issues, but effective management strategies and support can help women navigate these difficulties.

• #1 Endometrial Cancer – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK525981/

  The 2 main histological subtypes of endometrial cancer that have traditionally been used for classification are type 1 cancers, which are typically caused by factors that increase unopposed estrogen exposure, and type 2 endometrial cancers, which are not associated with unopposed estrogen. […] Family history of endometrial, colorectal, ovarian, and other cancers that characterize Lynch syndrome and related MMRd hereditary diseases increase risks for endometrial cancer. […] High BMI, as well as type II diabetes and insulin resistance, anovulation, menstrual disruption, amenorrhea, and infertility, are consistently associated with increased risks for low-grade endometrioid carcinoma and, from recent study results, high-grade endometrioid carcinoma. […] Androgen precursors, produced by polycystic ovaries, ovarian hilus cell hypertrophy, or the adrenal cortex, are converted to estrogen in peripheral adipose tissues.

• #1 Uterine Cancer – Symptoms, Causes, Types, Diagnosis & Treatment PACE Hospitals – Best Hospitals in Hitech City, Hyderabad, India | Near Madhapur, Kukatpally, KPHB, Kondapur, Gachibowli, Jubilee Hills, Banjara HillsPACE Hospitals Contact N

  https://www.pacehospital.com/uterine-cancer-symptoms-causes-types-diagnosis-and-treatment

  Uterine cancer is a disease in which the cells in the uterus (womb) grow abnormally; it is common in women who have gone through menopause. High levels of a hormone known as estrogen is the primary cause of uterine cancer. Other causes include a family history of bowel, ovarian, or uterine cancer. […] There is no exact known cause of uterine cancer. However, there are a few factors that contribute to the development of uterine cancer. They are as follows: […] Hormonal imbalance between estrogen and progesterone is an etiologic factor in the development of uterine cancer. The interaction between the receptors of this hormone causes increased growth of the endometrium leading to cancer. […] Inflammation causes uterine cancer by inducing rapid cell division, increasing the possibility of replication errors and resulting in subsequent mutations. […] Non endometrioid cancer pathogenesis is related to genetic factors and certain somatic mutations.

• #1 What causes uterine cancer? | Risk Factors » Professor Andreas Obermair

  https://www.obermair.info/latest-news/blog/what-causes-uterine-cancer/

  While the exact causes of uterine cancer are unknown, there are known risk factors that may increase your risk. […] Unfortunately, we do not know why these abnormal changes occur and lead to cancer, but we do know risk factors that will increase your risk of this occurring. […] Although certain factors can increase a woman’s risk of developing uterine cancer, it is important to know they will not always cause the cancer. […] Many women carry one or more risk factors, and they will never develop uterine cancer. […] Cancer Australia reports the following are risk factors for uterine cancer: women who are postmenopausal, or reaching menopause late (after age 55); a thickened wall lining (endometrial hyperplasia); women who have never been pregnant; starting periods early (before age 12 years); high blood pressure; diabetes; being overweight or obese; family history of ovarian, uterine, or bowel cancer; having a genetic condition such as Cowden syndrome or Lynch syndrome; previous ovarian tumours, or polycystic ovary syndrome; using oestrogen only hormone replacement therapy or fertility treatment; previous radiation therapy to the pelvis; taking tamoxifen to treat breast cancer. […] Obesity is a major risk factor for developing endometrial cancer. The relationship between obesity and cancer is stronger for endometrial cancer than for any other type of cancer. Over 50% of endometrial cancers are attributable to obesity.

• #2 Endometrial cancer – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/endometrial-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20352461

  Endometrial cancer begins in the lining of the uterus, called the endometrium. […] Endometrial cancer is a type of cancer that begins as a growth of cells in the uterus. […] The cause of endometrial cancer isn’t known. What’s known is that something happens to cells in the lining of the uterus that changes them into cancer cells. […] Endometrial cancer starts when cells in the lining of the uterus, called the endometrium, get changes in their DNA. […] A disease or condition that increases the amount of estrogen, but not the level of progesterone, in the body can increase the risk of endometrial cancer. […] Changes in the balance of hormones in the body. […] The more periods you’ve had, the more exposure your endometrium has had to estrogen. […] If you’ve never been pregnant, you have a higher risk of endometrial cancer than someone who has had at least one pregnancy.

• #2 Womb (uterus) cancer | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/cancer/cancer-types-in-adults/womb-uterus-cancer/

  A number of things have been identified that increase the risk of developing womb cancer. […] The risk of developing womb cancer increases with age. The majority of cases occur in women and anyone with a womb aged 40 to 74. […] The risk of developing womb cancer is linked to the bodys exposure to oestrogen. Oestrogen is one of the hormones that regulate the reproductive system. […] Because of the link between increased levels of unopposed oestrogen and womb cancer, oestrogen-only hormone replacement therapy (HRT) should only be given to those who have had their womb surgically removed (hysterectomy). […] As oestrogen can be produced in fatty tissue, being overweight or obese increases the level of oestrogen in your body. This significantly increases your chances of developing womb cancer.

• #2 Uterine Cancer – Symptoms, Causes, Types, Diagnosis & Treatment PACE Hospitals – Best Hospitals in Hitech City, Hyderabad, India | Near Madhapur, Kukatpally, KPHB, Kondapur, Gachibowli, Jubilee Hills, Banjara HillsPACE Hospitals Contact N

  https://www.pacehospital.com/uterine-cancer-symptoms-causes-types-diagnosis-and-treatment

  Uterine cancer is a disease in which the cells in the uterus (womb) grow abnormally; it is common in women who have gone through menopause. High levels of a hormone known as estrogen is the primary cause of uterine cancer. Other causes include a family history of bowel, ovarian, or uterine cancer. […] There is no exact known cause of uterine cancer. However, there are a few factors that contribute to the development of uterine cancer. They are as follows: […] Hormonal imbalance between estrogen and progesterone is an etiologic factor in the development of uterine cancer. The interaction between the receptors of this hormone causes increased growth of the endometrium leading to cancer. […] Inflammation causes uterine cancer by inducing rapid cell division, increasing the possibility of replication errors and resulting in subsequent mutations. […] Non endometrioid cancer pathogenesis is related to genetic factors and certain somatic mutations.

• #2 Uterine Cancer Facts and Causes – Color Health

  https://www.color.com/learn/cancer/uterine-cancer-facts-and-causes

  Uterine cancer refers to cancer that starts in the uterus. It is also called endometrial cancer because the lining of the uterus where the cancer starts is called the endometrium. […] Certain medications, treatments, and medical conditions can increase risk. For example, taking estrogen without any progesterone, taking Tamoxifen, and having radiation to the pelvic area increase uterine cancer risk. Certain medical conditions such as diabetes, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), uterine hyperplasia and non-cancerous ovarian tumors called granulosa cell tumors increase the risk of uterine cancer. […] Obesity has been linked to increasing uterine cancer risk because fat tissue can change certain hormones called androgens into estrogen. This increase in estrogen levels increases uterine cancer risk. Uterine cancer is twice as common in overweight women, and more than three times as common in obese women.

• #2 What Causes Uterine Cancer? Risk Factors to Know

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/uterine-cancer/risk-factors

  Women who have had more menstrual cycles in their lifetime have an increased endometrial cancer risk. […] Researchers are investigating why pregnancy seems to reduce the risk of endometrial cancer. […] Irregular menstrual cycles and infertility also may cause imbalances in estrogen and progesterone levels, which may increase the risk of endometrial cancer. […] The risk for developing cancer is low among women with uterine polyps. […] Fat tissues tend to produce higher levels of estrogen, particularly after menopause, which increases the endometrial cancer risk for older, overweight women. […] This syndrome occurs when a specific set of conditions develop at the same time, such as extra fat around the abdomen, high blood sugar, high blood pressure, high levels of triglycerides and low levels of high-density lipoproteins in the blood.

• #2 Cancer of the Uterus

  https://www.health.ny.gov/statistics/cancer/registry/abouts/uterus.htm

  Women with PCOS are at increased risk of endometrial cancer. […] Long-term use of estrogen only (without progesterone) hormone replacement therapy for menopause increases the risk of developing uterine cancer. […] Women who took the drug tamoxifen to prevent or treat breast cancer are at increased risk for cancer of the uterus. […] Scientists are studying other possible personal risk factors for uterine cancer including diet, smoking, alcohol use and physical inactivity. Some studies have shown that women with diabetes are at increased risk for uterine cancer, but others have not. The role that the human papilloma virus (HPV), the virus that causes cervical cancer, may play in the development of uterine cancer is also being examined. Additional research is needed to determine the role, if any, these factors may have in the development of cancer of the uterus.

• #2 What Causes Uterine Cancer? Risk Factors to Know

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/uterine-cancer/risk-factors

  Replacing estrogen without increasing progesterone levels after menopause may increase a womans risk of developing endometrial cancer. […] A drug indicated for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer, called tamoxifen, may spur increased growth of the uterine lining in some post-menopausal women, raising the risk of endometrial cancer. […] Patients who have undergone radiation therapy in the pelvic area for cancer in the past may face an increased risk of developing endometrial cancer. […] A family history of cancer does not necessarily mean a woman is at high risk for developing the disease. […] About 5 percent of uterine cancers are linked to hereditary factors. […] If several members of the patient’s family have had endometrial cancer or Lynch syndrome (also known as hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer) she may be a candidate for genetic testing.

• #2 Uterine Cancer (Endometrial Cancer): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16409-uterine-cancer

  Some hormones get changed to estrogen by fat tissue, raising uterine cancer risk. The higher the amount of fat tissue, the greater the effect on estrogen levels. […] If your period started before age 12, your risk for uterine cancer might increase. […] If menopause occurs after age 50, the risk also increases. Your uterus gets exposed to estrogen longer. […] Some people receive estrogen therapy to help relieve menopause symptoms. Getting ERT without progesterone places you at a higher risk for uterine cancer. […] The five-year survival rate for endometrial cancer is 81%. […] Fortunately, endometrial cancer is often diagnosed at an early stage. That’s because many people notice unusual bleeding and tell their healthcare providers. If cancer gets caught early and hasn’t spread to other organs, removing your uterus can cure it.

• #2 Risks And Causes Of Womb Cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/womb-cancer/risks-causes

  You have a higher risk of developing womb cancer if you have atypical hyperplasia. […] Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have an increased risk of womb cancer compared to women who don’t have PCOS. […] A family history of womb cancer is associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer. […] If you have a family history of Lynch syndrome, you may also be at increased risk of womb cancer. […] Studies show having children lowers womb cancer risk. […] The combined pill, the most common type of birth control pill, is linked with a reduced risk of womb cancer. […] Physical activity is thought to probably be protective against womb cancer. […] Some studies show coffee as probably protective against womb cancer, but we need more research to understand this.

• #2 Risk factors for uterine cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/uterine/risks

  Researchers dont know the exact reason why overweight or obesity increases the risk for uterine cancer. […] Tamoxifen (Nolvadex, Tamofen) is a hormonal therapy drug used to treat certain cancers, most commonly breast cancer. Women treated with tamoxifen for 2 or more years have a higher risk of developing uterine cancer. […] Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is caused by changes to normal hormone cycles and the normal ovulation process. […] Women with diabetes are about 2 times more likely to develop uterine cancer compared to women without the disease. […] Women who have high-dose radiation to the pelvis have a higher risk of developing uterine cancer. […] Women with ovarian tumours that make estrogen have a higher risk for uterine cancer due to the higher estrogen levels. […] Women who dont get much physical activity have a higher risk of developing uterine cancer.

• #2 What Causes Uterine Cancer? Risk Factors to Know

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/uterine-cancer/risk-factors

  Hyperplasia is not cancer, but the condition may increase the risk of developing cancer, depending on the type of hyperplasia, whether the cells in the endometrium have become abnormal, and other factors. […] High estrogen levels coupled with low progesterone levels make women with PCOS more vulnerable to developing endometrial cancer. […] Breast, ovarian and endometrial cancer share many of the same risk factors, especially those related to diet, hormones and reproduction. […] This causes a decrease in the production of important hormones and has been linked to endometrial cancer. […] Endometrial cancer is more common among women with type 2 diabetesabout two times more common than the average population, according to the ACS. […] A type of ovarian cancer tumor called a granulosa cell tumor may produce estrogen that stimulates the growth of the uterine lining, which may lead to endometrial cancer.

• #2 Endometrial cancer – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endometrial_cancer

  Endometrial cancer is also associated with excessive estrogen exposure, high blood pressure and diabetes. […] Approximately 40% of cases are related to obesity. […] Obesity increases the risk for endometrial cancer by 300-400%. […] Most of the risk factors for endometrial cancer involve high levels of estrogens. […] Genetic disorders can also cause endometrial cancer. […] Overall, hereditary causes contribute to 20-30% of endometrial cancer cases. […] Women with a family history of endometrial cancer are at higher risk. […] There is an apparent link with these genes. It is attributable to the use of tamoxifen, a drug that itself can cause endometrial cancer, in breast and ovarian cancers. […] Some therapies for other forms of cancer increase the lifetime risk of endometrial cancer, which is a baseline 23%. […] High blood pressure is also a risk factor, but this may be because of its association with obesity.

• #2 Risk factors for uterine cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/uterine/risks

  There is convincing evidence that the following factors increase your risk for uterine cancer. […] Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) uses female sex hormones (estrogen, progesterone or both) to manage the symptoms of menopause, such as hot flashes, vaginal dryness and mood swings. Research shows that using HRT with estrogen alone (without progesterone) increases the risk for uterine cancer. […] Women who have a higher number of menstrual periods during their lifetime have a greater risk of developing uterine cancer. […] Women who never give birth to a child are 2 times more likely to develop uterine cancer than women who give birth at least once. […] Women who are overweight or obese have a higher risk of developing uterine cancer. Those with a high amount of body fat can be up to 10 times more likely to develop uterine cancer.

• #2 Endometrial Cancer

  https://www.parkwaycancercentre.com/idn/learn-about-cancer/types-of-cancer/cancer-details/endometrial-cancer

  Endometrial cancer happens when cells in the endometrium develop changes (mutations) in their DNA that cause the endometrial cells to grow abnormally and develop into a tumour. The exact trigger for the mutations is not fully known. […] However, there are certain risk factors that increase the likelihood of a person developing endometrial cancer, including hormonal factors: An imbalance of the two main female hormones (oestrogen and progesterone) can affect the endometrium, making cancer more likely to develop. The growth of the cancer cells is usually stimulated by oestrogen, which is a hormone produced by the ovaries as well as fat cells in the body. A woman’s risk of developing endometrial cancer is increased by prolonged stimulation and exposure to oestrogen. […] Obesity: A woman’s ovaries is the main producer of oestrogen before menopause. However, fat tissue can change some other hormones (called androgens) into oestrogens. This can affect oestrogen levels, especially after menopause. The higher the fat tissue amount, the greater the increase in oestrogen levels, and therefore the higher the risk for developing endometrial cancer.

• #2 Cancer of the Uterus – Women’s Health Issues – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/women-s-health-issues/cancers-of-the-female-reproductive-system/cancer-of-the-uterus

  Endometrial cancer is more common in high-resource countries where obesity rates are high. […] Risk factors for endometrial cancer are conditions that result in a high level of estrogen and a low level of progesterone, age over 45, obesity, use of tamoxifen for 2 years or longer, a hereditary syndrome called Lynch syndrome, and radiation therapy of the pelvis. […] Conditions that result in a high level of estrogen and a low level of progesterone include obesity, polycystic ovary syndrome or other menstrual problems related to release of the egg, early start of menstrual periods, late menopause, never being pregnant, estrogen therapy without a progestin, and estrogen-producing tumors. […] Estrogen promotes the growth of tissue and rapid cell division in the lining of the uterus. […] Tamoxifen, a medication used to treat breast cancer, blocks the effects of estrogen in the breast, but it has the same effects as estrogen in the uterus. […] In approximately 5% of women with endometrial cancer, heredity plays a role. About half of endometrial cancers that involve heredity occur in women who have a hereditary syndrome called Lynch syndrome.

• #2 Risk factors for uterine cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/uterine/risks

  Women with Lynch syndrome have a greater risk of developing uterine cancer in their lifetime. […] Cowden syndrome is an inherited condition that can cause many non-cancerous growths (called hamartomas) to form in the skin, breast, thyroid, colon, small intestine and mouth. Cowden syndrome is caused by a mutation in the PTEN gene. It increases the risk for uterine cancer.

• #2 Endometrial (Uterine) Cancer: Symptoms, Causes, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/endometrial-cancer

  Endometrial cancer starts in the lining of the uterus. Understanding its symptoms, causes, and treatments can help with early detection and management. […] In most cases, the exact cause of endometrial cancer is unknown. However, experts believe that changes in the estrogen and progesterone levels often play a part. […] When the levels of those sex hormones fluctuate, it affects your endometrium. When the balance shifts toward increased levels of estrogen, it causes endometrial cells to divide and multiply. […] If certain genetic changes occur in endometrial cells, they become cancer. Those cancer cells rapidly grow and form a tumor. […] Scientists are still studying the changes that cause typical endometrial cells to become cancer cells. […] The risk of endometrial cancer increases with age. Most people receive a diagnosis of endometrial cancer between the ages of 45 and 74 years.

• #2 Endometrial (Uterine) Cancer: Symptoms, Causes, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/endometrial-cancer

  Several other risk factors may also raise the risk of endometrial cancer, including changes in sex hormone levels, certain medical conditions, family history of cancer, and living with obesity. […] Estrogen and progesterone are female sex hormones that affect the health of your endometrium. If the balance of these hormones shifts toward increased estrogen levels, it can raise your risk of endometrial cancer. […] Without treatment, endometrial hyperplasia sometimes develops into endometrial cancer. […] According to the ACS, a higher body mass index can increase the risk of endometrial cancer. […] The ACS notes that women with type 2 diabetes may be about twice as likely to develop endometrial cancer as those without diabetes. […] You may be more likely to develop endometrial cancer if other members of your family have had it.

• #2 Endometrial Cancer Risk Factors | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/endometrial-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html

  Black people have a higher chance of being diagnosed with advanced endometrial cancer. […] Some studies have found that using chemical hair straighteners (relaxers) often and for many years might increase the risk of endometrial cancer. […] Previous radiation therapy for another cancer in the pelvic area, which is the lower part of the abdomen between the hip bones, increases the risk of endometrial cancer.

• #2 Endometrial Cancer – Uterine Cancer

  https://www.webmd.com/uterine-cancer/understanding-endometrial-cancer-basics

  Uterine cancer is cancer that affects the uterus (womb), the hollow, pear-shaped organ where a fetus grows during pregnancy. […] Experts think its caused by having too much of the sex hormone estrogen. […] One risk factor is obesity. […] Women that are obese and that have extra fat tissue, or what we medically call adipose tissue, actually have increased estrogen, said Sarah Kim, MD, a gynecologic surgeon at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York City. […] If youre taking the drug tamoxifen to treat or prevent breast cancer, you have a slightly higher risk of endometrial cancer. […] Estrogen-only hormone replacement therapy increases your risk. […] High-fat diets, especially those containing red meat, can increase the risk of cancer, including endometrial and colon cancer.

• #2 Uterine Cancer: Symptoms & Causes | NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/cancer/gynecologic-cancer/uterine-cancer

  Uterine cancer is a category of gynecological cancer in which the disease begins in the uterus or womb. Uterine cancers are the most common cancers that occur in the female reproductive system. […] While doctors dont know what directly causes the DNA mutations that lead to uterine cancers, several risk factors can increase your chances of developing the disease. These factors include: […] Older, menopausal people are at a higher risk of developing uterine cancer than younger people. […] People who have never had a child, for any reason, are at a higher risk of uterine cancer. […] Too much estrogen and not enough progesterone in the body will increase your risk of uterine cancer. […] A personal history of breast cancer or ovarian cancer can increase your risk of developing uterine cancer, while a family history of endometrial, ovarian, or colon cancer can do the same.

• #2 Uterine Cancer: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/258148-overview

  Factors that decrease unopposed estrogen are associated with decreased risk of endometrial cancers. The use of combination oral contraceptive pills for 12 months decreases the risk of endometrial cancer by more than 40%. […] The following have been identified as risk factors for the various uterine sarcomas. Risk factors for uterine leiomyosarcomas may include early menarche, late menopause, and African American race. Women with a history of pelvic radiation are at greatest risk for carcinosarcomas and leiomyosarcomas. Nulliparous women may be at greater risk for both types of sarcomas. Tamoxifen use also increases the risk of endometrial carcinoma as well as uterine sarcomas.

• #2 Endometrial Cancer – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK525981/

  Therefore, large amounts of subcutaneous adipose tissue and more efficient conversion of androgens to estrogen may result in persistent unopposed estrogen exposure. […] Several epidemiologic factors are associated with decreasing the risks of endometrial cancers. […] Estrogen-progestin combination oral contraceptives or levonorgestrel intrauterine devices reduce the risk for endometrial cancer every 5 years of use by as much as 33% compared with women who had never used these agents. […] The risk for endometrial cancers, both type 1 and type 2 carcinomas, was found to decrease with advancing age of first childbirth, overall by 11% in a large epidemiologic study. […] The finding of endometrial cancer risk reduction with older age at the time of first birth confirmed previous study results, which paradoxically showed that endometrial cancer risk was reduced by advancing parity and short intervals between births and between the last birth and menopause.

• #2 Cancer of the uterus

  https://www.cancervic.org.au/cancer-information/types-of-cancer/uterine_cancer/uterine-cancer-overview.html

  Cancer of the uterus (also called uterine cancer) occurs when cells in any part of the uterus become abnormal, grow out of control and form a lump (tumour). […] The exact cause of cancer of the uterus is unknown, but factors that can increase the risk include: […] Endometrial hyperplasia thickening of the lining of the uterus (endometrium) caused by too much oestrogen. It is usually benign, but in some cases can lead to cancer. […] Many women who have risk factors dont develop cancer of the uterus, and some women who get this cancer have no risk factors. Maintaining a healthy body weight and being physically active are the best ways to reduce the risk of developing cancer of the uterus.

• #2 What Causes Uterine Cancer? Risk Factors to Know

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/uterine-cancer/risk-factors

  Each year, more than 69,120 women are diagnosed with endometrial cancer or uterine sarcoma, the two primary uterine cancer types. No one knows if or when uterine cancer will develop, so it’s important to understand the risk factors of the disease. […] While the exact cause of a womans uterine cancer may not be known, certain risk factors are strongly linked to the disease, including obesity and high blood sugar. […] Uterine cancer forms when the DNA in cells in the uterus mutate, disabling functions that control cell division and growth. […] Having one risk factor for cancers of the uterus, or even several, doesnt mean a woman will get the disease. […] Known risk factors for endometrial cancer include those listed below. […] Most women diagnosed with endometrial cancer are older than age 50 and have gone through menopause.

• #2 Endometrial Cancer – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK525981/

  The 2 main histological subtypes of endometrial cancer that have traditionally been used for classification are type 1 cancers, which are typically caused by factors that increase unopposed estrogen exposure, and type 2 endometrial cancers, which are not associated with unopposed estrogen. […] Family history of endometrial, colorectal, ovarian, and other cancers that characterize Lynch syndrome and related MMRd hereditary diseases increase risks for endometrial cancer. […] High BMI, as well as type II diabetes and insulin resistance, anovulation, menstrual disruption, amenorrhea, and infertility, are consistently associated with increased risks for low-grade endometrioid carcinoma and, from recent study results, high-grade endometrioid carcinoma. […] Androgen precursors, produced by polycystic ovaries, ovarian hilus cell hypertrophy, or the adrenal cortex, are converted to estrogen in peripheral adipose tissues.

• #2 Uterine (Endometrial) Cancer Stages

  https://www.webmd.com/cancer/cervical-cancer/uterine-cancer-stages

  Your doctor will diagnose your cancer type and stage your tumor. They’ll use your cancer stage (1-4) to help you decide on the best treatment plan for your health. […] It depends on the type of cancer you have. Endometrial cancer (the most common type) typically grows slowly. But the rare type called uterine sarcoma can grow quickly. It can also spread to other parts of the body. […] Chemotherapy usually isn’t used for early stage I or II endometrial cancer. But if you have a faster-growing uterine sarcoma, your doctor may suggest chemo to prevent it from spreading.

• #2 Uterine (Endometrial) Cancer Stages

  https://www.webmd.com/cancer/cervical-cancer/uterine-cancer-stages

  Endometrial cancer often begins in the uterine lining. It’s also called uterine cancer. It’s the most common female reproductive cancer. In fact, uterine cancer is the fourth most common cancer for women in the U.S. […] Most uterine cancers are endometrioid adenocarcinomas (endometrial cancer). But other types include carcinosarcoma, serous carcinoma, clear cell carcinoma, and more. […] Although there are many types of uterine cancer, most are endometrial. It starts in the inner lining of your uterus. […] But carcinosarcomas (uterine sarcomas) start in the muscles or surrounding uterine tissues. It’s a rarer form of uterine cancer that spreads faster. […] In fact, women of color are twice as likely to die from endometrial cancer. One reason may be because current treatments don’t work as well for uterine sarcoma. And Black women have a higher risk for this faster-spreading form of uterine cancer.

• #2 Womb (uterus) cancer | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/cancer/cancer-types-in-adults/womb-uterus-cancer/

  Its not clear exactly what causes womb cancer, but certain things can increase your risk of developing the condition. […] A hormone imbalance is one of the most important risks for womb cancer. Specifically, your risk is increased if you have high levels of a hormone called oestrogen in your body. […] A number of things can cause this hormone imbalance, including obesity, diabetes, and hormone replacement therapy (HRT). There is also a small increase in the risk of womb cancer with long-term use of the breast cancer drug tamoxifen. […] Its not known exactly what causes womb cancer, but certain things can increase your risk of developing it. […] Cancer begins with a change (mutation) in the structure of the DNA in cells, which can affect how they grow. This means cells grow and reproduce uncontrollably, producing a lump of tissue called a tumour.

• #2 Cancer of the uterus | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/cancer-of-the-uterus

  Cancer of the uterus is often diagnosed early, before it has spread. […] The exact cause of cancer of the uterus is unknown, but factors that can increase the risk include: Age uterine cancer is most common in women over 50 years old and in women who have stopped having periods (postmenopausal). […] Many people who have risk factors don’t develop cancer of the uterus, and some people who get this cancer have no risk factors. […] Maintaining a healthy body weight and being physically active are the best ways to reduce the risk of developing cancer of the uterus.

• #3 Uterine Cancer (Endometrial Cancer): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16409-uterine-cancer

  Uterine cancer includes two types of cancer: endometrial cancer (more common) and uterine sarcoma (rare). […] Uterine cancer can refer to either endometrial cancer or uterine sarcoma. But people often consider the terms endometrial cancer and uterine cancer the same. […] Researchers aren’t sure of the exact cause of uterine cancer. Something happens to create changes in cells in your uterus. The mutated cells grow and multiply out of control, which can form a mass called a tumor. […] Certain risk factors can increase the chances you’ll develop uterine cancer. If you’re at high risk, talk to your healthcare provider about steps you can take to protect your health. […] There are several risk factors for endometrial cancer. Many of them relate to the balance between estrogen and progesterone. These risk factors include having obesity, a condition called polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) or taking unopposed estrogen (taking estrogen without taking progesterone, too).

• #3 Endometrial Cancer Risk Factors | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/endometrial-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html

  Having a medical condition such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and estrogen-secreting ovarian tumors increases the risk of uterine cancer. […] Having more fat tissue can increase estrogen levels, especially after menopause, which increases the risk of endometrial cancer. […] These conditions are linked to an increased risk of endometrial cancer. […] A high-fat diet can increase the risk of many cancers, including endometrial cancer. […] Endometrial hyperplasia is an increased growth of the endometrium. […] The risk of endometrial cancer increases with age and most commonly occurs after menopause. […] Lynch syndrome or hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer (HNPCC) and Cowden syndrome are genetic conditions that increase the risk of endometrial cancer. […] Some families have a higher rate of only endometrial cancer.

• #3 Risk factors for uterine cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/uterine/risks

  Researchers dont know the exact reason why overweight or obesity increases the risk for uterine cancer. […] Tamoxifen (Nolvadex, Tamofen) is a hormonal therapy drug used to treat certain cancers, most commonly breast cancer. Women treated with tamoxifen for 2 or more years have a higher risk of developing uterine cancer. […] Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is caused by changes to normal hormone cycles and the normal ovulation process. […] Women with diabetes are about 2 times more likely to develop uterine cancer compared to women without the disease. […] Women who have high-dose radiation to the pelvis have a higher risk of developing uterine cancer. […] Women with ovarian tumours that make estrogen have a higher risk for uterine cancer due to the higher estrogen levels. […] Women who dont get much physical activity have a higher risk of developing uterine cancer.

• #3 Uterine (Endometrial) Cancer Stages

  https://www.webmd.com/cancer/cervical-cancer/uterine-cancer-stages

  Your doctor will diagnose your cancer type and stage your tumor. They’ll use your cancer stage (1-4) to help you decide on the best treatment plan for your health. […] It depends on the type of cancer you have. Endometrial cancer (the most common type) typically grows slowly. But the rare type called uterine sarcoma can grow quickly. It can also spread to other parts of the body. […] Chemotherapy usually isn’t used for early stage I or II endometrial cancer. But if you have a faster-growing uterine sarcoma, your doctor may suggest chemo to prevent it from spreading.

• #3 Uterine cancer | Causes, Symptoms & Treatments | Cancer Council

  https://www.cancer.org.au/cancer-information/types-of-cancer/uterine-cancer

  Cancer of the uterus occurs when abnormal cells develop in the uterus and begin growing out of control. […] Some factors that can increase your risk of uterine cancer include: being postmenopausal, or reaching menopause (after age 55); a thickened wall lining (endometrial hyperplasia); never having children; starting periods early (before age 12); having high blood pressure or diabetes; being overweight or obese; family history of ovarian, uterine, or bowel cancer; having a genetic condition such as Cowden syndrome or Lynch syndrome; previous ovarian tumours, or polycystic ovary syndrome; using oestrogen only hormone replacement therapy or fertility treatment; previous radiation therapy to the pelvis; taking tamoxifen to treat breast cancer (the benefits of treating breast cancer usually outweigh the risk of uterine cancer – (talk to your doctor if you are concerned). […] There are no proven measures to prevent uterine cancer. However, you may be able to minimise your risk factors, such as maintaining a healthy weight, and being vigilant about any abnormal vaginal bleeding.

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