Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Tonsil cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tonsil-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20449497

  Treatments for tonsil cancer include surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Other treatments include targeted therapy and immunotherapy. […] Your healthcare team considers many factors when creating a treatment plan. These factors might include the cancer’s location and how fast it’s growing. The care team also may look at whether the cancer has spread to other parts of the body and the results of tests on the cancer cells. Your care team also considers your overall health and your preferences. […] Your treatment also may depend on whether your cancer cells show signs of human papillomavirus, also called HPV. Researchers are studying whether people with HPV-related tonsil cancer can be treated with lower doses of radiation and chemotherapy. This less intense treatment causes fewer side effects. Studies have found that it seems to be as effective as higher doses. If your tonsil cancer is found to be HPV-related, you and your healthcare team might consider a clinical trial studying less intense treatments.

• #2 Treating tonsil cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/head-neck-cancer/tonsil/treatment

  The main treatments for tonsil cancer are surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. You might have a combination of these or one treatment on its own. […] Treatment for tonsil cancer is similar to other cancers of the oropharynx. […] You might have either: surgery to remove the cancer and some of the lymph nodes in your neck or radiotherapy to the throat and neck. […] If your doctor thinks there is a high risk that your cancer will come back, you might need: radiotherapy, chemoradiotherapy after surgery. […] You might have: chemoradiotherapy to your throat and neck, surgery to remove the part of the throat affected by cancer and some of the lymph nodes in your neck, followed by radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy, radiotherapy on its own. […] You might have chemotherapy before surgery if your cancer is very large.

• #3 Tonsil Cancer: Symptoms, HPV and Other Causes & Treatment

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/head-and-neck-cancer/types/tonsil-cancer

  Tonsil cancer is treated with a combination of surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy, depending on the patients diagnosed stage and HPV status. […] During surgery, a doctor cuts out the tonsil, the growth, close-by lymph nodes in the neck, and possibly part of the throat. The extent of the surgery depends on the tumors size. A specialist later checks the lymph nodes for signs of cancer. If the tonsil cancer is small and caught early, surgery may be the only treatment needed. […] Radiotherapy kills the cancer cells with radiation (invisible, high-energy waves). Radiation treatment is done once a day for a few weeks to shrink the tumor. It may be used after surgery, alongside chemotherapy treatments or on its own, depending on the cancers stage. […] Chemotherapy involves treatment with drugs that kill fast-growing cells. The most common chemotherapy drug for tonsil cancer is cisplatin. Its often given along with the chemotherapy drug fluorouracil (5FU). However, some patients may receive carboplatin instead.

• #4 Tonsil Cancer: Symptoms, Signs & Causes

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21931-tonsil-cancer

  Tonsil cancer treatments include surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. […] Treatment depends on the size and location of the tumor and whether it has spread to other parts of your body. Possible treatments for tonsil cancer include surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. […] Your otolaryngologist may do surgery to remove small tumors or affected lymph nodes, including: Lymphadenectomy: You may need this surgery if tonsil cancer is in your neck lymph nodes. […] You may receive radiation therapy or chemotherapy as an alternative to surgery or after surgery for tonsil cancer. […] They may recommend chemotherapy when surgery or radiation therapy isn’t an option for tonsil cancer. Chemotherapy can slow down tonsil cancer growth and ease its symptoms. […] Side effects and complications will be different depending on the treatment type. […] Common chemotherapy and radiation therapy side effects include: Fatigue. Hair loss. Nausea and vomiting. […] Statistically, tonsil cancer isn’t likely to be fatal. As with most cancers, treatment is most successful when the condition is detected and treated in the early stages.

• #5 Tonsil cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/head-neck-cancer/tonsil

  The main treatments for tonsil cancer are surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. You might have a combination of these or one treatment on its own. […] The main treatments for tonsil cancer are surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Your treatment depends on how far your cancer has grown and whether it has spread.

• #6 Tonsil cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tonsil-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20449497

  The goal of surgery for tonsil cancer is to remove as much of the cancer as possible. Surgery can be used to treat all stages of tonsil cancer. […] Radiation therapy treats cancer with powerful energy beams. The energy can come from X-rays, protons or other sources. During radiation therapy, a machine directs beams of energy to specific points on the body to kill the cancer cells. […] Chemotherapy treats cancer with strong medicines. For tonsil cancer, chemotherapy is usually combined with radiation therapy. It also can be used alone to slow the growth of tonsil cancer that has come back or has spread to other areas of the body. […] Targeted therapy uses medicines that attack specific parts of cancer cells. By blocking these parts, targeted treatments can cause cancer cells to die. Targeted therapy might be used to treat tonsil cancer that spreads to other parts of the body or comes back after treatment.

• #7 Tonsil Cancer: Symptoms, Signs & Causes

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21931-tonsil-cancer

  Tonsil cancer treatments include surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. […] Treatment depends on the size and location of the tumor and whether it has spread to other parts of your body. Possible treatments for tonsil cancer include surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. […] Your otolaryngologist may do surgery to remove small tumors or affected lymph nodes, including: Lymphadenectomy: You may need this surgery if tonsil cancer is in your neck lymph nodes. […] You may receive radiation therapy or chemotherapy as an alternative to surgery or after surgery for tonsil cancer. […] They may recommend chemotherapy when surgery or radiation therapy isn’t an option for tonsil cancer. Chemotherapy can slow down tonsil cancer growth and ease its symptoms. […] Side effects and complications will be different depending on the treatment type. […] Common chemotherapy and radiation therapy side effects include: Fatigue. Hair loss. Nausea and vomiting. […] Statistically, tonsil cancer isn’t likely to be fatal. As with most cancers, treatment is most successful when the condition is detected and treated in the early stages.

• #8 Tonsil Cancer: Symptoms, HPV and Other Causes & Treatment

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/head-and-neck-cancer/types/tonsil-cancer

  Tonsil cancer is treated with a combination of surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy, depending on the patients diagnosed stage and HPV status. […] During surgery, a doctor cuts out the tonsil, the growth, close-by lymph nodes in the neck, and possibly part of the throat. The extent of the surgery depends on the tumors size. A specialist later checks the lymph nodes for signs of cancer. If the tonsil cancer is small and caught early, surgery may be the only treatment needed. […] Radiotherapy kills the cancer cells with radiation (invisible, high-energy waves). Radiation treatment is done once a day for a few weeks to shrink the tumor. It may be used after surgery, alongside chemotherapy treatments or on its own, depending on the cancers stage. […] Chemotherapy involves treatment with drugs that kill fast-growing cells. The most common chemotherapy drug for tonsil cancer is cisplatin. Its often given along with the chemotherapy drug fluorouracil (5FU). However, some patients may receive carboplatin instead.

• #9 Tonsil Cancer: Symptoms, Signs & Causes

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21931-tonsil-cancer

  Tonsil cancer treatments include surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. […] Treatment depends on the size and location of the tumor and whether it has spread to other parts of your body. Possible treatments for tonsil cancer include surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. […] Your otolaryngologist may do surgery to remove small tumors or affected lymph nodes, including: Lymphadenectomy: You may need this surgery if tonsil cancer is in your neck lymph nodes. […] You may receive radiation therapy or chemotherapy as an alternative to surgery or after surgery for tonsil cancer. […] They may recommend chemotherapy when surgery or radiation therapy isn’t an option for tonsil cancer. Chemotherapy can slow down tonsil cancer growth and ease its symptoms. […] Side effects and complications will be different depending on the treatment type. […] Common chemotherapy and radiation therapy side effects include: Fatigue. Hair loss. Nausea and vomiting. […] Statistically, tonsil cancer isn’t likely to be fatal. As with most cancers, treatment is most successful when the condition is detected and treated in the early stages.

• #10 Tonsil Cancer: Symptoms, Signs & Causes

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21931-tonsil-cancer

  Tonsil cancer treatments include surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. […] Treatment depends on the size and location of the tumor and whether it has spread to other parts of your body. Possible treatments for tonsil cancer include surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. […] Your otolaryngologist may do surgery to remove small tumors or affected lymph nodes, including: Lymphadenectomy: You may need this surgery if tonsil cancer is in your neck lymph nodes. […] You may receive radiation therapy or chemotherapy as an alternative to surgery or after surgery for tonsil cancer. […] They may recommend chemotherapy when surgery or radiation therapy isn’t an option for tonsil cancer. Chemotherapy can slow down tonsil cancer growth and ease its symptoms. […] Side effects and complications will be different depending on the treatment type. […] Common chemotherapy and radiation therapy side effects include: Fatigue. Hair loss. Nausea and vomiting. […] Statistically, tonsil cancer isn’t likely to be fatal. As with most cancers, treatment is most successful when the condition is detected and treated in the early stages.

• #11 Tonsil Cancer: Symptoms, HPV and Other Causes & Treatment

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/head-and-neck-cancer/types/tonsil-cancer

  Tonsil cancer is treated with a combination of surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy, depending on the patients diagnosed stage and HPV status. […] During surgery, a doctor cuts out the tonsil, the growth, close-by lymph nodes in the neck, and possibly part of the throat. The extent of the surgery depends on the tumors size. A specialist later checks the lymph nodes for signs of cancer. If the tonsil cancer is small and caught early, surgery may be the only treatment needed. […] Radiotherapy kills the cancer cells with radiation (invisible, high-energy waves). Radiation treatment is done once a day for a few weeks to shrink the tumor. It may be used after surgery, alongside chemotherapy treatments or on its own, depending on the cancers stage. […] Chemotherapy involves treatment with drugs that kill fast-growing cells. The most common chemotherapy drug for tonsil cancer is cisplatin. Its often given along with the chemotherapy drug fluorouracil (5FU). However, some patients may receive carboplatin instead.

• #12 Tonsil Cancer | Condition | UT Southwestern Medical Center

  https://utswmed.org/conditions-treatments/tonsil-cancer/

  Radiation therapy: Our doctors use radiation, a treatment with high-energy waves such as X-rays or gamma rays, to treat tonsil cancer. […] Chemoradiation: Chemotherapy (medications that destroy cancer cells) given at the same time as radiation therapy is known as chemoradiation. […] Chemotherapy: Anticancer medications work to destroy cancer cells and prevent them from spreading. […] Targeted therapy: Some types of tonsil cancer cells have a specific protein, EGFR, that causes aggressive growth. […] Reconstructive surgery: Patients with advanced tonsil cancer might need reconstruction after the removal of large tumors. […] For patients who are having radiation therapy for tonsil cancer, we recommend having any necessary dental work done before treatment. […] At UT Southwesterns Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, patients have access to every available treatment option, delivered by the most experienced head and neck cancer specialists in Dallas.

• #13 Tonsil cancer – Care at Mayo Clinic – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tonsil-cancer/care-at-mayo-clinic/mac-20367949

  Mayo Clinic head and neck surgeons are skilled at using transoral robotic surgery, transoral laser microsurgery and other minimally invasive surgery procedures. These procedures may offer shorter recovery times and fewer complications than traditional surgery. […] Radiation oncologists at Mayo Clinic have access to the latest technology that enables them to deliver radiation precisely, such as intensity-modulated radiation therapy and proton therapy. This ensures the cancer cells receive the most radiation and minimizes damage to nearby healthy cells. […] Mayo Clinic doctors will work with you to review all of your treatment options and choose the treatment that best suits your needs and goals. The range of treatments offered to people with tonsil cancer includes surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Targeted therapy and immunotherapy also might be options. You also may choose to enroll in a clinical trial.

• #14 Tonsil cancer – Care at Mayo Clinic – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tonsil-cancer/care-at-mayo-clinic/mac-20367949

  Mayo Clinic head and neck surgeons are skilled at using transoral robotic surgery, transoral laser microsurgery and other minimally invasive surgery procedures. These procedures may offer shorter recovery times and fewer complications than traditional surgery. […] Radiation oncologists at Mayo Clinic have access to the latest technology that enables them to deliver radiation precisely, such as intensity-modulated radiation therapy and proton therapy. This ensures the cancer cells receive the most radiation and minimizes damage to nearby healthy cells. […] Mayo Clinic doctors will work with you to review all of your treatment options and choose the treatment that best suits your needs and goals. The range of treatments offered to people with tonsil cancer includes surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Targeted therapy and immunotherapy also might be options. You also may choose to enroll in a clinical trial.

• #15 Throat Cancer Treatment | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/throat/throat-cancer-treatment

  We deliver more-effective radiation therapy directly to throat tumors. […] We offer unparalleled skill and experience in throat cancer surgery. […] People with advanced throat cancer have access to new drug treatments through our clinical trials. […] Our experts in oropharyngeal cancer have developed specialized approaches that improve quality of life for people with HPV-related tumors. […] Our rehabilitation experts design individualized treatment plans. […] Our dental team makes sure you’re in good oral health before treatment begins and is there to support you during and after your treatment. […] Our patients receive follow-up care from nurse practitioners who specialize in the long-term medical needs of people who been treated for head and neck cancer.

• #16 Less Treatment for HPV-Related Oropharyngeal Cancer – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/news-events/cancer-currents-blog/2021/hpv-oropharyngeal-cancer-less-treatment-fewer-side-effects

  Although intensive radiation and high-dose cisplatin is the most commonly used initial treatment for localized HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer, at some hospitals the robotic surgery called TORS is routinely used in its place for selected patients, Dr. Floudas explained. […] Even in the absence of randomized trials directly comparing TORS with intensive radiation and high-dose cisplatin, several researchers agreed that, based on the available evidence, robotic surgery alone or followed by lower doses of radiation and chemotherapy is suitable for many patients. […] Dr. Yom advised that any deintensification should be done as part of a clinical trial. Of the ongoing trials involving deintensification, many include different forms of immunotherapy. […] We are very close to having deintensification as a standard option, she said. But doing so will require developing methods, including using markers like ctDNA and other information about the underlying biology of the tumor, to select the right patients who can be safely deintensified, she said.

• #17 Tonsil Cancer – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537238/

  Tonsil cancer is the most common form of oropharyngeal malignancy, and its incidence is sharply rising due to the increasing prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced cancers. […] Tonsil cancer can be managed by both surgical and oncologic approaches, although the optimal treatment regimen remains an area of ongoing research. […] Early tonsil cancer is preferably managed with single modality treatment, with transoral robotic surgery (TORS) and transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) having comparable oncological outcomes. […] In more advanced disease, TLM or TORS can still be offered for early T3 tumors; however, this is often not possible for T4 malignancies. Most of these cases will instead undergo chemoradiotherapy, as a surgical intervention will usually require a mandibulotomy and extensive surgical reconstruction resulting in poor post-operative functional outcomes.

• #18 Tonsil Cancer | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/t/tonsil-cancer.html

  Early-stage tonsil cancer is often treated with radiation therapy. A promising treatment called induction chemotherapy is also used to shrink the tonsil tumor. Advanced cancer cases usually require a combination of surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. […] Surgery is used if chemotherapy and radiation do not destroy the tumor. If the lymph nodes in the neck are affected, a neck dissection may be needed to remove the nodes. […] Radiation therapy frequently follows surgery. Chemotherapy may be used for palliative therapy (to help relieve symptoms and slow the tumor growth) if surgery is not possible. […] Tonsil cancer may be treated by a combination of surgery, radiation and chemotherapy.

• #19 Early Stage Cancer of the Throat

  https://www.texasoncology.com/types-of-cancer/head-and-neck-cancers/throat-cancer/treatment-of-early-stage-cancer-of-the-throat

  Combined radiation and surgery is usually reserved for larger cancers of the throat. […] One of the controversies in treatment of early stage cancer of the throat is whether or not to routinely treat the lymph nodes in the neck with surgery and radiation therapy. […] Currently, surgical removal of the lymph nodes in the neck is the best way to determine whether cancer is present. […] The development of more effective cancer treatments requires that new and innovative therapies be evaluated with cancer patients. […] Mohs micrographic surgery is performed under local anesthesia in an outpatient surgical unit. […] An alternative to radical lymph node dissection is sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). […] In photodynamic therapy, light from a laser enhanced by photosensitizing agents, can kill cancer cells without damage to normal cells. The outcomes and survival rates of two clinical studies with photodynamic therapy compare favorably with published survival rates for surgery and/or radiotherapy for similar patients.

• #20 Tonsil Cancer – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537238/

  Tonsil cancer is the most common form of oropharyngeal malignancy, and its incidence is sharply rising due to the increasing prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced cancers. […] Tonsil cancer can be managed by both surgical and oncologic approaches, although the optimal treatment regimen remains an area of ongoing research. […] Early tonsil cancer is preferably managed with single modality treatment, with transoral robotic surgery (TORS) and transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) having comparable oncological outcomes. […] In more advanced disease, TLM or TORS can still be offered for early T3 tumors; however, this is often not possible for T4 malignancies. Most of these cases will instead undergo chemoradiotherapy, as a surgical intervention will usually require a mandibulotomy and extensive surgical reconstruction resulting in poor post-operative functional outcomes.

• #21 Tonsil cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tonsil-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20449497

  The goal of surgery for tonsil cancer is to remove as much of the cancer as possible. Surgery can be used to treat all stages of tonsil cancer. […] Radiation therapy treats cancer with powerful energy beams. The energy can come from X-rays, protons or other sources. During radiation therapy, a machine directs beams of energy to specific points on the body to kill the cancer cells. […] Chemotherapy treats cancer with strong medicines. For tonsil cancer, chemotherapy is usually combined with radiation therapy. It also can be used alone to slow the growth of tonsil cancer that has come back or has spread to other areas of the body. […] Targeted therapy uses medicines that attack specific parts of cancer cells. By blocking these parts, targeted treatments can cause cancer cells to die. Targeted therapy might be used to treat tonsil cancer that spreads to other parts of the body or comes back after treatment.

• #22 Treating tonsil cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/head-neck-cancer/tonsil/treatment

  You might have radiotherapy, chemotherapy or surgery to control symptoms of advanced cancer. […] You might have an operation to remove the part of the throat that contains the cancer. […] You might only need a simple operation if your cancer is very small. […] Usually, surgery for early stage cancer is through your mouth (endoscopic surgery). […] You might have radiotherapy: on its own as your main treatment, after surgery, combined with chemotherapy (chemoradiotherapy) as your main treatment or after surgery, to help relieve the symptoms of advanced tonsil cancer. […] You might have chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy (chemoradiotherapy). […] You might have this: after surgery if there is a high risk of your cancer coming back, as your main treatment. […] Some people have chemotherapy to shrink the cancer before the main treatment.

• #23 Oropharyngeal Cancer Treatment – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/patient/adult/oropharyngeal-treatment-pdq

  Oropharyngeal cancer is a type of head and neck cancer that starts in the tissues of the oropharynx. […] There are different types of treatment for people with oropharyngeal cancer. […] People with oropharyngeal cancer should have their treatment planned by a team of doctors with expertise in treating head and neck cancer. […] The following types of treatment are used: Surgery, Radiation therapy, Chemotherapy, Targeted therapy, Immunotherapy. […] Surgery to remove the tumor is a common treatment for all stages of oropharyngeal cancer. […] Radiation therapy uses high-energy x-rays or other types of radiation to kill cancer cells or keep them from growing by damaging their DNA. […] Chemotherapy uses drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing.

• #24 How Does Radiation Therapy Help Treat Throat Cancer? | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/throat/throat-cancer-treatment/throat-cancer-radiation-therapy

  Radiation therapy for throat cancer involves sending high-energy beams of particles through the skin toward the tumor. When the beams reach the tumor, they can destroy cancer cells by damaging their DNA. Radiation therapy is known for its particular effectiveness against head and neck tumors, including cancer of the throat. […] Radiation therapy can be used in one of several ways to treat throat cancer. It may be recommended as the main treatment to destroy the tumor. In some cases, your care team may recommend radiation combined with chemotherapy to enhance the effectiveness of the treatment. Radiation may also be used to prevent the cancer from growing back after surgery or if the tumor has regrown after surgery. […] We offer several radiation therapy approaches for people with throat cancer. Among the most common at MSK are intensity-modulated radiation therapy and proton therapy. We also offer adaptive radiotherapy to all of our patients with throat cancer. Our team of experts is leading the way in developing new, more personalized approaches to treatment for people with HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer.

• #25 How Does Radiation Therapy Help Treat Throat Cancer? | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/throat/throat-cancer-treatment/throat-cancer-radiation-therapy

  IMRT allows your care team to shape the radiation beams to the exact dimensions of the treatment area. […] Proton therapy is a treatment approach that sends a high-energy beam of protons through the skin toward the tumor. […] Adaptive radiotherapy simply means that we repeat the planning process throughout your treatment. Every time we detect certain changes that could affect the precision of the radiation, we review your treatment plan. Changes we look for could be anything from weight loss to the tumor shrinking. […] This personalized approach allows us to continually optimize your care while sparing healthy tissue. It is particularly beneficial for people who did not have surgery to remove a tumor.

• #26 Head and neck cancers

  https://www.cancervic.org.au/cancer-information/types-of-cancer/head-neck-cancers/treatment-head-neck.html

  Head and neck cancers may be treated in different ways, depending on the type, location and stage of the cancer, your general health and what is important to you. […] The key treatments for head and neck cancers are: surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy. […] You may have one or more treatments, and may be able to have new treatments through clinical trials. […] Treatment will be tailored to your situation. For complex head and neck cancer, treatment options should be discussed at a meeting of the multidisciplinary team (MDT) in a specialised centre. […] Radiation therapy uses a controlled dose of radiation to kill or damage cancer cells. For head and neck cancer, it is most often given with external beam radiation therapy (EBRT). […] A technique called intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) targets the radiation precisely to the cancer, which reduces treatment time and causes as little harm as possible to nearby healthy tissue.

• #27 Tonsil cancer – Care at Mayo Clinic – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tonsil-cancer/care-at-mayo-clinic/mac-20367949

  Mayo Clinic head and neck surgeons are skilled at using transoral robotic surgery, transoral laser microsurgery and other minimally invasive surgery procedures. These procedures may offer shorter recovery times and fewer complications than traditional surgery. […] Radiation oncologists at Mayo Clinic have access to the latest technology that enables them to deliver radiation precisely, such as intensity-modulated radiation therapy and proton therapy. This ensures the cancer cells receive the most radiation and minimizes damage to nearby healthy cells. […] Mayo Clinic doctors will work with you to review all of your treatment options and choose the treatment that best suits your needs and goals. The range of treatments offered to people with tonsil cancer includes surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Targeted therapy and immunotherapy also might be options. You also may choose to enroll in a clinical trial.

• #28 Proton Therapy Case Study: HPV-related Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Tonsil | Inova

  https://www.inova.org/case-studies/HPV-related-squamous-cell-carcinoma-tonsil

  The patient was offered surgical resection followed by radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy, or definitive chemoradiotherapy. Both were considered to be oncologically equivalent. The patient elected to pursue chemoradiotherapy. Proton radiotherapy was recommended for its ability to reduce excess dose to the oral cavity and oral tongue (affecting taste, mucositis, dry mouth), pharyngeal constrictors, larynx and esophagus (affecting swallowing and speech). […] Compared with photon therapy, proton therapy has the potential to confer improved tumor control and reduce short- and long-term complications related to head and neck cancer therapy. […] Proton radiotherapy spares significant excess dose to a number of critical structures, reducing the risk of the long-term detrimental side effects of radiotherapy.

• #29 How Does Radiation Therapy Help Treat Throat Cancer? | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/throat/throat-cancer-treatment/throat-cancer-radiation-therapy

  IMRT allows your care team to shape the radiation beams to the exact dimensions of the treatment area. […] Proton therapy is a treatment approach that sends a high-energy beam of protons through the skin toward the tumor. […] Adaptive radiotherapy simply means that we repeat the planning process throughout your treatment. Every time we detect certain changes that could affect the precision of the radiation, we review your treatment plan. Changes we look for could be anything from weight loss to the tumor shrinking. […] This personalized approach allows us to continually optimize your care while sparing healthy tissue. It is particularly beneficial for people who did not have surgery to remove a tumor.

• #30 Radiation therapy for oropharyngeal cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/oropharyngeal/treatment/radiation-therapy

  Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays or particles to destroy cancer cells. Many people with oropharyngeal cancer have radiation therapy. Your healthcare team will consider your personal needs to plan the type and amount of radiation, and when and how it is given. You may also receive other treatments. […] Radiation therapy is often combined with chemotherapy to treat oropharyngeal cancer. This is called chemoradiation. The 2 treatments are given during the same time period. The chemotherapy makes the radiation more effective. […] Radiation therapy is given for different reasons. You may have radiation therapy or chemoradiation: as the main treatment for small tumours, to destroy any cancer cells left behind after surgery to reduce the risk that the cancer will come back (recur) (called adjuvant therapy), to shrink a tumour before surgery (called neoadjuvant therapy), to relieve pain or control the symptoms of advanced oropharyngeal cancer (called palliative therapy), to treat cancer that comes back after other treatments.

• #31 Oropharyngeal Cancer – Head and Neck Cancer Australia

  https://www.headandneckcancer.org.au/types-of-head-neck-cancer/tonsil-cancer/

  Surgery which depending on the pathology results, may need to be followed by a course of radiation therapy (adjuvant radiation therapy); either on its own or at the same time (concurrent) as chemotherapy. […] Definitive Radiation Therapy either on its own or at the same time as chemotherapy (concurrent chemoradiation). […] Treatment for Oropharyngeal Cancer (including Tonsil Cancer) may lead to a number of side effects. […] The most common radiation therapy approach for Oropharyngeal Cancer is called external beam radiation. […] Definitive Radiation therapy is the main treatment for oropharyngeal cancer. It is used without surgery to cure oropharyngeal cancer. […] Adjuvant This is when radiation therapy is given after surgery to kill cancer cells that may not have been taken out during surgery.

• #32 Radiation therapy for oropharyngeal cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/oropharyngeal/treatment/radiation-therapy

  Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays or particles to destroy cancer cells. Many people with oropharyngeal cancer have radiation therapy. Your healthcare team will consider your personal needs to plan the type and amount of radiation, and when and how it is given. You may also receive other treatments. […] Radiation therapy is often combined with chemotherapy to treat oropharyngeal cancer. This is called chemoradiation. The 2 treatments are given during the same time period. The chemotherapy makes the radiation more effective. […] Radiation therapy is given for different reasons. You may have radiation therapy or chemoradiation: as the main treatment for small tumours, to destroy any cancer cells left behind after surgery to reduce the risk that the cancer will come back (recur) (called adjuvant therapy), to shrink a tumour before surgery (called neoadjuvant therapy), to relieve pain or control the symptoms of advanced oropharyngeal cancer (called palliative therapy), to treat cancer that comes back after other treatments.

• #33 Oropharyngeal Cancer – Head and Neck Cancer Australia

  https://www.headandneckcancer.org.au/types-of-head-neck-cancer/tonsil-cancer/

  Surgery which depending on the pathology results, may need to be followed by a course of radiation therapy (adjuvant radiation therapy); either on its own or at the same time (concurrent) as chemotherapy. […] Definitive Radiation Therapy either on its own or at the same time as chemotherapy (concurrent chemoradiation). […] Treatment for Oropharyngeal Cancer (including Tonsil Cancer) may lead to a number of side effects. […] The most common radiation therapy approach for Oropharyngeal Cancer is called external beam radiation. […] Definitive Radiation therapy is the main treatment for oropharyngeal cancer. It is used without surgery to cure oropharyngeal cancer. […] Adjuvant This is when radiation therapy is given after surgery to kill cancer cells that may not have been taken out during surgery.

• #34 Oropharyngeal Cancer – Head and Neck Cancer Australia

  https://www.headandneckcancer.org.au/types-of-head-neck-cancer/tonsil-cancer/

  Surgery which depending on the pathology results, may need to be followed by a course of radiation therapy (adjuvant radiation therapy); either on its own or at the same time (concurrent) as chemotherapy. […] Definitive Radiation Therapy either on its own or at the same time as chemotherapy (concurrent chemoradiation). […] Treatment for Oropharyngeal Cancer (including Tonsil Cancer) may lead to a number of side effects. […] The most common radiation therapy approach for Oropharyngeal Cancer is called external beam radiation. […] Definitive Radiation therapy is the main treatment for oropharyngeal cancer. It is used without surgery to cure oropharyngeal cancer. […] Adjuvant This is when radiation therapy is given after surgery to kill cancer cells that may not have been taken out during surgery.

• #35 Radiation therapy for oropharyngeal cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/oropharyngeal/treatment/radiation-therapy

  Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays or particles to destroy cancer cells. Many people with oropharyngeal cancer have radiation therapy. Your healthcare team will consider your personal needs to plan the type and amount of radiation, and when and how it is given. You may also receive other treatments. […] Radiation therapy is often combined with chemotherapy to treat oropharyngeal cancer. This is called chemoradiation. The 2 treatments are given during the same time period. The chemotherapy makes the radiation more effective. […] Radiation therapy is given for different reasons. You may have radiation therapy or chemoradiation: as the main treatment for small tumours, to destroy any cancer cells left behind after surgery to reduce the risk that the cancer will come back (recur) (called adjuvant therapy), to shrink a tumour before surgery (called neoadjuvant therapy), to relieve pain or control the symptoms of advanced oropharyngeal cancer (called palliative therapy), to treat cancer that comes back after other treatments.

• #36 Oropharyngeal Cancer – Head and Neck Cancer Australia

  https://www.headandneckcancer.org.au/types-of-head-neck-cancer/tonsil-cancer/

  Palliative In cases where a cure is not possible, radiation therapy is used to relieve symptoms of advanced Oropharyngeal Cancer. […] Chemotherapy works by destroying or damaging cancer cells. […] Definitive Sometimes chemotherapy is added to definitive radiation therapy (chemoradiation). […] Adjuvant This is when chemotherapy is given after surgery, usually in combination with radiation therapy (called concurrent chemoradiation). […] Neo-adjuvant This is when chemotherapy is given before surgery or radiation therapy to help shrink large cancers making them easier to remove during surgery, or target with radiation therapy. […] Palliative This is used when the cancer is incurable. The cancer may be too large or has spread too much to be removed by surgery.

• #37 Radiation therapy for oropharyngeal cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/oropharyngeal/treatment/radiation-therapy

  External radiation therapy is usually given once a day for 5 days a week over a period of 5 to 7 weeks. The healthcare team will take special care to protect the surrounding tissues from the radiation as much as possible. These tissues include the salivary glands, the thyroid gland and the larynx (voice box). […] There are different types of external radiation therapy that may be used to treat oropharyngeal cancer. […] Side effects can happen with any type of treatment for oropharyngeal cancer, but everyone’s experience is different. Some common side effects of radiation therapy used for oropharyngeal cancer are: skin problems, fatigue, sore mouth and throat, dry mouth, taste changes, hoarseness, thickened saliva, difficulty hearing, eye and vision problems, low thyroid hormone (hypothyroidism), tooth decay, difficulty opening the jaw (called trismus), infection and breakdown of surrounding bones (osteoradionecrosis).

• #38 Radiation therapy for oropharyngeal cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/oropharyngeal/treatment/radiation-therapy

  External radiation therapy is usually given once a day for 5 days a week over a period of 5 to 7 weeks. The healthcare team will take special care to protect the surrounding tissues from the radiation as much as possible. These tissues include the salivary glands, the thyroid gland and the larynx (voice box). […] There are different types of external radiation therapy that may be used to treat oropharyngeal cancer. […] Side effects can happen with any type of treatment for oropharyngeal cancer, but everyone’s experience is different. Some common side effects of radiation therapy used for oropharyngeal cancer are: skin problems, fatigue, sore mouth and throat, dry mouth, taste changes, hoarseness, thickened saliva, difficulty hearing, eye and vision problems, low thyroid hormone (hypothyroidism), tooth decay, difficulty opening the jaw (called trismus), infection and breakdown of surrounding bones (osteoradionecrosis).

• #39 Tongue base or tonsil cancer – treatment – South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

  https://www.southtees.nhs.uk/resources/tongue-base-or-tonsil-cancer-treatment/

  This leaflet is about ‘squamous cell carcinoma’ which is one type of cancer that affects the tongue base (back of tongue) and tonsil – sometimes together called throat cancer. This area is known as the oropharynx in medical terms. […] Treatment options can include: Surgery, Radiotherapy (with or without chemotherapy), Combination of surgery and radiotherapy (with or without chemotherapy). […] Radiotherapy (strong focused x-ray treatment) is a way of dissolving the cancer in the tongue or tonsil and neck glands. […] Side effects can include: Tiredness, Skin reactions and soreness, Mouth and throat soreness, Taste changes, Thick and sticky saliva, Swelling difficulties. […] Chemotherapy may be used to help the radiotherapy work better in those who are fit and under the age of 70. […] Surgery to remove a tongue base or tonsil cancer can be done via the laser or a robotic surgery.

• #40 Long term and late effects | Head and neck cancer | Macmillan Cancer Support

  https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/impacts-of-cancer/late-effects-of-head-and-neck-cancer-treatments

  Doctors aim to provide the best treatment with as few side effects as possible. With improved treatment for head and neck cancer people are living for longer. Newer ways of giving radiotherapy, such as intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), may also help to reduce the risk of some late effects, such as a dry mouth. […] If you do have late effects there are things that can be done to treat and manage them. […] There are usually things that can be done to treat and manage late effects of head and neck cancer treatment. […] Your cancer doctor will explain if your symptoms are likely to be from your treatment. […] If you have numbness or a change in sensation in a part of your head or neck, take extra care to protect it. […] If you are having problems with your sex life talk your doctor or nurse for advice. […] There are different ways head and neck lymphoedema can be treated.

• #41 Tonsil cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tonsil-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20449497

  The goal of surgery for tonsil cancer is to remove as much of the cancer as possible. Surgery can be used to treat all stages of tonsil cancer. […] Radiation therapy treats cancer with powerful energy beams. The energy can come from X-rays, protons or other sources. During radiation therapy, a machine directs beams of energy to specific points on the body to kill the cancer cells. […] Chemotherapy treats cancer with strong medicines. For tonsil cancer, chemotherapy is usually combined with radiation therapy. It also can be used alone to slow the growth of tonsil cancer that has come back or has spread to other areas of the body. […] Targeted therapy uses medicines that attack specific parts of cancer cells. By blocking these parts, targeted treatments can cause cancer cells to die. Targeted therapy might be used to treat tonsil cancer that spreads to other parts of the body or comes back after treatment.

• #42 Oropharyngeal Cancer Treatment – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/patient/adult/oropharyngeal-treatment-pdq

  Oropharyngeal cancer is a type of head and neck cancer that starts in the tissues of the oropharynx. […] There are different types of treatment for people with oropharyngeal cancer. […] People with oropharyngeal cancer should have their treatment planned by a team of doctors with expertise in treating head and neck cancer. […] The following types of treatment are used: Surgery, Radiation therapy, Chemotherapy, Targeted therapy, Immunotherapy. […] Surgery to remove the tumor is a common treatment for all stages of oropharyngeal cancer. […] Radiation therapy uses high-energy x-rays or other types of radiation to kill cancer cells or keep them from growing by damaging their DNA. […] Chemotherapy uses drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing.

• #43 Tonsil Cancer: Symptoms, HPV and Other Causes & Treatment

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/head-and-neck-cancer/types/tonsil-cancer

  Tonsil cancer is treated with a combination of surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy, depending on the patients diagnosed stage and HPV status. […] During surgery, a doctor cuts out the tonsil, the growth, close-by lymph nodes in the neck, and possibly part of the throat. The extent of the surgery depends on the tumors size. A specialist later checks the lymph nodes for signs of cancer. If the tonsil cancer is small and caught early, surgery may be the only treatment needed. […] Radiotherapy kills the cancer cells with radiation (invisible, high-energy waves). Radiation treatment is done once a day for a few weeks to shrink the tumor. It may be used after surgery, alongside chemotherapy treatments or on its own, depending on the cancers stage. […] Chemotherapy involves treatment with drugs that kill fast-growing cells. The most common chemotherapy drug for tonsil cancer is cisplatin. Its often given along with the chemotherapy drug fluorouracil (5FU). However, some patients may receive carboplatin instead.

• #44 Tonsil Cancer – Oracle Head and Neck Cancer UK

  https://oraclehnc.org.uk/head-and-neck-cancer-types/tonsil-cancer

  The treatment for tonsil cancer typically involves a combination of treatment methods, and the exact prognosis depends heavily on the stage at diagnosis and whether the cancer is HPV-positive or negative. The biopsy will provide the necessary information on whether the tumour is HPV-positive or negative. […] Your consultant will describe your specific treatment and prognosis. […] Radiotherapy. Often the primary treatment, usually 30 to 35 doses are given over 5 days a week for 6-7 weeks. The treatment may be combined with chemotherapy (chemoradiation). Modern techniques like IMRT (Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy) help minimize side effects in the future. […] Chemotherapy. Usually combined with radiotherapy and may be given before, during, or after radiotherapy. Often the secondary treatment, usually 3 cycles of chemo are given at the beginning, middle and end of the radiotherapy calendar. Common drugs used include cisplatin, carboplatin, and 5-fluorouracil.

• #45 Oropharyngeal Cancer – Head and Neck Cancer Australia

  https://www.headandneckcancer.org.au/types-of-head-neck-cancer/tonsil-cancer/

  Palliative In cases where a cure is not possible, radiation therapy is used to relieve symptoms of advanced Oropharyngeal Cancer. […] Chemotherapy works by destroying or damaging cancer cells. […] Definitive Sometimes chemotherapy is added to definitive radiation therapy (chemoradiation). […] Adjuvant This is when chemotherapy is given after surgery, usually in combination with radiation therapy (called concurrent chemoradiation). […] Neo-adjuvant This is when chemotherapy is given before surgery or radiation therapy to help shrink large cancers making them easier to remove during surgery, or target with radiation therapy. […] Palliative This is used when the cancer is incurable. The cancer may be too large or has spread too much to be removed by surgery.

• #46 Tonsil Cancer | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/t/tonsil-cancer.html

  Early-stage tonsil cancer is often treated with radiation therapy. A promising treatment called induction chemotherapy is also used to shrink the tonsil tumor. Advanced cancer cases usually require a combination of surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. […] Surgery is used if chemotherapy and radiation do not destroy the tumor. If the lymph nodes in the neck are affected, a neck dissection may be needed to remove the nodes. […] Radiation therapy frequently follows surgery. Chemotherapy may be used for palliative therapy (to help relieve symptoms and slow the tumor growth) if surgery is not possible. […] Tonsil cancer may be treated by a combination of surgery, radiation and chemotherapy.

• #47 Treating tonsil cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/head-neck-cancer/tonsil/treatment

  You might have radiotherapy, chemotherapy or surgery to control symptoms of advanced cancer. […] You might have an operation to remove the part of the throat that contains the cancer. […] You might only need a simple operation if your cancer is very small. […] Usually, surgery for early stage cancer is through your mouth (endoscopic surgery). […] You might have radiotherapy: on its own as your main treatment, after surgery, combined with chemotherapy (chemoradiotherapy) as your main treatment or after surgery, to help relieve the symptoms of advanced tonsil cancer. […] You might have chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy (chemoradiotherapy). […] You might have this: after surgery if there is a high risk of your cancer coming back, as your main treatment. […] Some people have chemotherapy to shrink the cancer before the main treatment.

• #48 Tonsil Cancer: Symptoms, Signs & Causes

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21931-tonsil-cancer

  Tonsil cancer treatments include surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. […] Treatment depends on the size and location of the tumor and whether it has spread to other parts of your body. Possible treatments for tonsil cancer include surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. […] Your otolaryngologist may do surgery to remove small tumors or affected lymph nodes, including: Lymphadenectomy: You may need this surgery if tonsil cancer is in your neck lymph nodes. […] You may receive radiation therapy or chemotherapy as an alternative to surgery or after surgery for tonsil cancer. […] They may recommend chemotherapy when surgery or radiation therapy isn’t an option for tonsil cancer. Chemotherapy can slow down tonsil cancer growth and ease its symptoms. […] Side effects and complications will be different depending on the treatment type. […] Common chemotherapy and radiation therapy side effects include: Fatigue. Hair loss. Nausea and vomiting. […] Statistically, tonsil cancer isn’t likely to be fatal. As with most cancers, treatment is most successful when the condition is detected and treated in the early stages.

• #49 Radiotherapy Effects For Throat Cancer | Mouth Cancer Foundation

  https://www.mouthcancerfoundation.org/patient-experiences/m-bs-story-recovery-from-the-effects-of-radiotherapy-following-treatment-for-throat-cancer/

  The most important thing that I learned is that full recovery from the effects of radiotherapy to the mouth and throat takes years not months. […] I found that the radiotherapy affected the muscles of my throat and made swallowing difficult. […] Because of the effects of the radiation on the soft palate (the soft part of the roof of your mouth at the back), I found that when eating or drinking there was a tendency for the food to reflux up into my nose. […] The radiotherapy causes considerable swelling of the cheeks as well as the tongue and other tissues around the mouth. […] I have already mentioned the effects of radiation on the tongue in relation to taste. Another effect is the restriction of tongue movement that will occur for a number of months following treatment. […] I am sure that you will have been told of the importance of good dental hygiene. This is doubly important following radiation treatment due to the effects of the radiation on the jaw.

• #50 Tonsil cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tonsil-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20449497

  The goal of surgery for tonsil cancer is to remove as much of the cancer as possible. Surgery can be used to treat all stages of tonsil cancer. […] Radiation therapy treats cancer with powerful energy beams. The energy can come from X-rays, protons or other sources. During radiation therapy, a machine directs beams of energy to specific points on the body to kill the cancer cells. […] Chemotherapy treats cancer with strong medicines. For tonsil cancer, chemotherapy is usually combined with radiation therapy. It also can be used alone to slow the growth of tonsil cancer that has come back or has spread to other areas of the body. […] Targeted therapy uses medicines that attack specific parts of cancer cells. By blocking these parts, targeted treatments can cause cancer cells to die. Targeted therapy might be used to treat tonsil cancer that spreads to other parts of the body or comes back after treatment.

• #51 Oropharyngeal Cancer Treatment – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/patient/adult/oropharyngeal-treatment-pdq

  Targeted therapy uses drugs or other substances to identify and attack specific cancer cells. […] Immunotherapy is a treatment that uses a person’s immune system to fight cancer. […] Treatment for oropharyngeal cancer may cause side effects. […] Follow-up care may be needed. […] Treatment of newly diagnosed stage I and stage II oropharyngeal cancer may include: radiation therapy, surgery. […] Treatment of newly diagnosed stage III oropharyngeal cancer and stage IV oropharyngeal cancer may include: radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy given at the same time, for people with locally advanced cancer, radiation therapy alone for people who cannot have chemotherapy, chemotherapy given at the same time as radiation therapy, chemotherapy followed by radiation therapy given at the same time as more chemotherapy.

• #52 Immunotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer | CRI

  https://www.cancerresearch.org/cancer-types/head-and-neck-cancer

  Immunotherapy for head and neck cancer provides exciting new treatment options for patients, especially those with HPV-related cancers, and without the potentially devastating side effects of conventional treatments. […] Though head and neck cancer is generally considered to be highly treatable and curable with surgery or radiation when detected in early stage, other options are needed for patients. […] Treatment for head and neck cancer depends on individual factors, including the exact location of the tumor, stage of the tumor, and a person’s general health. These conventional treatments for head and neck cancer (surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy) may be used alone or in combination, depending on stage and location. […] Immunotherapy is class of treatments that take advantage of a person’s own immune system to help kill cancer cells. There are currently four approved immunotherapy options for head and neck cancer.

• #53 Oropharyngeal Cancer Treatment – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/patient/adult/oropharyngeal-treatment-pdq

  Targeted therapy uses drugs or other substances to identify and attack specific cancer cells. […] Immunotherapy is a treatment that uses a person’s immune system to fight cancer. […] Treatment for oropharyngeal cancer may cause side effects. […] Follow-up care may be needed. […] Treatment of newly diagnosed stage I and stage II oropharyngeal cancer may include: radiation therapy, surgery. […] Treatment of newly diagnosed stage III oropharyngeal cancer and stage IV oropharyngeal cancer may include: radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy given at the same time, for people with locally advanced cancer, radiation therapy alone for people who cannot have chemotherapy, chemotherapy given at the same time as radiation therapy, chemotherapy followed by radiation therapy given at the same time as more chemotherapy.

• #54 Treating tonsil cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/head-neck-cancer/tonsil/treatment

  You might have cetuximab: with radiotherapy for locally advanced squamous cell mouth and oropharyngeal cancer, with platinum chemotherapy for squamous cell mouth cancer that has come back or has spread to other parts of the body. […] You have nivolumab if you have squamous cell cancer and: your cancer has come back or has spread to other parts of the body, you had platinum based chemotherapy, and your cancer has started to grow within 6 months of having chemotherapy. […] You might have pembrolizumab if you have squamous cell cancer and: you haven’t had any treatment for an advanced cancer, your cancer has come back and you can’t have surgery to remove the cancer, the cancer shows a type of protein called programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1). […] Researchers are always interested in finding new ways to treat head and neck cancer. […] They are looking at different treatment combinations for people with tonsil cancer.

• #55 Treatments for advanced stage oropharyngeal cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/oropharyngeal/treatment/advanced-stage

  External radiation therapy is a main treatment for advanced stage oropharyngeal cancer. It may be given alone as the main treatment or after surgery to remove the tumour (called adjuvant radiation therapy). […] Cancer in the tonsil is treated with radiation to the tumour and tissue around the tumour. Radiation is also given to the lymph nodes on the same side of the neck as the tumour or on both sides of the neck. […] Chemotherapy may be given before or after surgery, with or without radiation therapy. […] You may be offered targeted therapy for advanced stage oropharyngeal cancer. Cetuximab (Erbitux) is the most common targeted therapy drug used to treat oropharyngeal cancer. […] Stage 4B oropharyngeal cancer means that the cancer has spread to other parts of the body. It is usually treated with chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy or a combination of treatments.

• #56 Tonsil cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tonsil-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20449497

  Immunotherapy is a treatment with medicine that helps the body’s immune system kill cancer cells. The immune system fights off diseases by attacking germs and other cells that shouldn’t be in the body. Cancer cells survive by hiding from the immune system. Immunotherapy helps the immune system cells find and kill the cancer cells. Immunotherapy might be used when tonsil cancer spreads to other parts of the body and other treatments haven’t helped. […] If treatment affects your ability to speak and eat, you might need rehabilitation services. Rehabilitation specialists who work with people with tonsil cancer include those in speech therapy, swallowing therapy, dietetics, physical therapy and occupational therapy. These services can help with your recovery after tonsil cancer treatment.

• #57 Immunotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer | CRI

  https://www.cancerresearch.org/cancer-types/head-and-neck-cancer

  Head and neck cancer patients with advanced disease should consider participating in a clinical trial if eligible. […] Immunomodulators manipulate the “brakes” and “gas pedals” of the immune system. Checkpoint inhibitors target molecules on immune cells to unleash new or enhance existing immune responses against cancer. […] Oncolytic virus therapy uses viruses that are often, but not always, modified in order to infect tumor cells and cause them to self-destruct. This can attract the attention of immune cells to eliminate the main tumor and potentially other tumors throughout the body.

• #58 Treating tonsil cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/head-neck-cancer/tonsil/treatment

  You might have cetuximab: with radiotherapy for locally advanced squamous cell mouth and oropharyngeal cancer, with platinum chemotherapy for squamous cell mouth cancer that has come back or has spread to other parts of the body. […] You have nivolumab if you have squamous cell cancer and: your cancer has come back or has spread to other parts of the body, you had platinum based chemotherapy, and your cancer has started to grow within 6 months of having chemotherapy. […] You might have pembrolizumab if you have squamous cell cancer and: you haven’t had any treatment for an advanced cancer, your cancer has come back and you can’t have surgery to remove the cancer, the cancer shows a type of protein called programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1). […] Researchers are always interested in finding new ways to treat head and neck cancer. […] They are looking at different treatment combinations for people with tonsil cancer.

• #59

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/laryngeal-cancer/treatment/

  The treatment for laryngeal cancer largely depends on the size of the cancer. The main treatments are radiotherapy, surgery, chemotherapy and targeted cancer medicines. […] Your recommended treatment plan will depend on the stage of the cancer. […] If you have early-stage laryngeal cancer, it may be possible to remove the cancer using surgery (endoscopic resection) or radiotherapy alone. […] In later-stage laryngeal cancer, more extensive surgery may be needed. […] Radiotherapy and chemotherapy will probably be used in combination. […] A targeted cancer medicine called cetuximab may be used in cases where chemotherapy is not suitable. […] Chemotherapy uses powerful cancer-killing medicines to damage the DNA of the cancerous cells and stop them reproducing. […] It may be used to shrink a tumour before surgery or radiotherapy, or in combination with radiotherapy to make the radiotherapy more effective. […] Cetuximab can be used in combination with radiotherapy to treat more advanced laryngeal cancer, when it’s not possible to use chemotherapy. […] A type of immunotherapy medicine called a checkpoint inhibitor is used to treat laryngeal cancer that has spread or cannot be removed through surgery.

• #60 Tonsil cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tonsil-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20449497

  Immunotherapy is a treatment with medicine that helps the body’s immune system kill cancer cells. The immune system fights off diseases by attacking germs and other cells that shouldn’t be in the body. Cancer cells survive by hiding from the immune system. Immunotherapy helps the immune system cells find and kill the cancer cells. Immunotherapy might be used when tonsil cancer spreads to other parts of the body and other treatments haven’t helped. […] If treatment affects your ability to speak and eat, you might need rehabilitation services. Rehabilitation specialists who work with people with tonsil cancer include those in speech therapy, swallowing therapy, dietetics, physical therapy and occupational therapy. These services can help with your recovery after tonsil cancer treatment.

• #61 Tonsil cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tonsil-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20449497

  Treatments for tonsil cancer include surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Other treatments include targeted therapy and immunotherapy. […] Your healthcare team considers many factors when creating a treatment plan. These factors might include the cancer’s location and how fast it’s growing. The care team also may look at whether the cancer has spread to other parts of the body and the results of tests on the cancer cells. Your care team also considers your overall health and your preferences. […] Your treatment also may depend on whether your cancer cells show signs of human papillomavirus, also called HPV. Researchers are studying whether people with HPV-related tonsil cancer can be treated with lower doses of radiation and chemotherapy. This less intense treatment causes fewer side effects. Studies have found that it seems to be as effective as higher doses. If your tonsil cancer is found to be HPV-related, you and your healthcare team might consider a clinical trial studying less intense treatments.

• #62 Treating tonsil cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/head-neck-cancer/tonsil/treatment

  The main treatments for tonsil cancer are surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. You might have a combination of these or one treatment on its own. […] Treatment for tonsil cancer is similar to other cancers of the oropharynx. […] You might have either: surgery to remove the cancer and some of the lymph nodes in your neck or radiotherapy to the throat and neck. […] If your doctor thinks there is a high risk that your cancer will come back, you might need: radiotherapy, chemoradiotherapy after surgery. […] You might have: chemoradiotherapy to your throat and neck, surgery to remove the part of the throat affected by cancer and some of the lymph nodes in your neck, followed by radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy, radiotherapy on its own. […] You might have chemotherapy before surgery if your cancer is very large.

• #63 Oropharyngeal Cancer Treatment – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/patient/adult/oropharyngeal-treatment-pdq

  Targeted therapy uses drugs or other substances to identify and attack specific cancer cells. […] Immunotherapy is a treatment that uses a person’s immune system to fight cancer. […] Treatment for oropharyngeal cancer may cause side effects. […] Follow-up care may be needed. […] Treatment of newly diagnosed stage I and stage II oropharyngeal cancer may include: radiation therapy, surgery. […] Treatment of newly diagnosed stage III oropharyngeal cancer and stage IV oropharyngeal cancer may include: radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy given at the same time, for people with locally advanced cancer, radiation therapy alone for people who cannot have chemotherapy, chemotherapy given at the same time as radiation therapy, chemotherapy followed by radiation therapy given at the same time as more chemotherapy.

• #64 Oropharyngeal (Throat) Cancer Treatment Options, by Stage | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/oral-cavity-and-oropharyngeal-cancer/treating/oropharyngeal-options-by-stage.html

  Treatment for oropharyngeal cancer is based largely on the stage (extent) of the cancer and if it is caused by an HPV infection (p16-positive), but other factors can also be important. […] Most experts agree that treatment in a clinical trial should be considered for any cancer in the head and neck areas. This way, people might have a chance to get new treatments that may be better than standard ones. […] The usual treatment is surgery (usually Mohs surgery, surgical stripping, or thin resection) to remove the top layers of tissue along with a small margin (edge) of normal tissue. Close follow-up is important to watch for any signs that the cancer has come back. Carcinoma in situ that keeps coming back after surgery may need to be treated with radiation therapy. […] The main treatment options include radiation therapy aimed at the cancer and the lymph nodes in the neck or surgery of the main tumor along with removal of the lymph nodes in the neck (lymph node dissection). After surgery, if any cancer remains or if there is a high chance of the cancer coming back, chemoradiation is often used.

• #65 Early Stage Cancer of the Throat

  https://www.texasoncology.com/types-of-cancer/head-and-neck-cancers/throat-cancer/treatment-of-early-stage-cancer-of-the-throat

  Early stage cancers of the throat are small, localized, and highly curable when treated with surgery and/or radiation therapy. The following is a general overview of treatment for early stage cancer of the throat. Treatment may consist of surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, biological therapy or a combination of these treatment techniques. Multi-modality treatment, which is treatment using two or more techniques, may be the most promising approach for increasing a patients chance of cure or prolonging a patients survival. […] The most common treatment of early stage cancer of the throat is surgery, which results in cure for over 80% of patients. […] Radiation therapy has been shown to produce similar results to that of surgery. The results of one clinical study involving 400 patients with cancer of the tonsil indicated that the use of radiation therapy alone or with surgery to remove only cancerous lymph nodes afforded cure rates as good as those typically achieved with more extensive surgery but with less severe complications.

• #66 Early Stage Cancer of the Throat

  https://www.texasoncology.com/types-of-cancer/head-and-neck-cancers/throat-cancer/treatment-of-early-stage-cancer-of-the-throat

  Early stage cancers of the throat are small, localized, and highly curable when treated with surgery and/or radiation therapy. The following is a general overview of treatment for early stage cancer of the throat. Treatment may consist of surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, biological therapy or a combination of these treatment techniques. Multi-modality treatment, which is treatment using two or more techniques, may be the most promising approach for increasing a patients chance of cure or prolonging a patients survival. […] The most common treatment of early stage cancer of the throat is surgery, which results in cure for over 80% of patients. […] Radiation therapy has been shown to produce similar results to that of surgery. The results of one clinical study involving 400 patients with cancer of the tonsil indicated that the use of radiation therapy alone or with surgery to remove only cancerous lymph nodes afforded cure rates as good as those typically achieved with more extensive surgery but with less severe complications.

• #67 Treatments for advanced stage oropharyngeal cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/oropharyngeal/treatment/advanced-stage

  The following are treatment options for advanced stage (stages 3 and 4) oropharyngeal cancer. Your healthcare team will suggest treatments based on your needs and work with you to develop a treatment plan. […] Treatment options for advanced stage oropharyngeal cancer depend on whether or not your healthcare team think the entire tumour can be removed safely with surgery. If it cant be removed with surgery, your healthcare team will try to determine which treatment option will give you the best chance of being cured and the best chance of functioning well after treatment. […] Surgery is a main treatment for advanced stage oropharyngeal cancer. It is used to remove the tumour along with a margin of healthy tissue around it. […] Chemoradiation is a main treatment for advanced stage oropharyngeal cancer. In chemoradiation, chemotherapy is given during the same time period as radiation therapy. The chemotherapy makes the radiation more effective.

• #68 Oropharyngeal (Throat) Cancer Treatment Options, by Stage | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/oral-cavity-and-oropharyngeal-cancer/treating/oropharyngeal-options-by-stage.html

  Most locally advanced oropharyngeal cancers (p16/HPV-positive or p16/HPV-negative) are treated with chemoradiation. Surgery might also be an option if the surgeon thinks that the cancer can be removed safely. […] Any cancer that is still present after chemoradiation is often removed with surgery. If the cancer has spread to neck lymph nodes, they may also need to be removed (a lymph node dissection) after chemoradiation is done. […] These cancers are usually treated with chemo, cetuximab, or both. Immunotherapy, alone or with chemo, might be another option. Treatments such as radiation may also be used to help relieve symptoms from the cancer or to help prevent new problems. […] Treatment options for recurrent cancers depend on the location and size of the cancer, what treatments have already been used, and the persons general health. Because these cancers can be hard to treat, clinical trials of newer treatments may be a good option for some people.

• #69

• #70 Tonsil cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tonsil-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20449497

  Treatments for tonsil cancer include surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Other treatments include targeted therapy and immunotherapy. […] Your healthcare team considers many factors when creating a treatment plan. These factors might include the cancer’s location and how fast it’s growing. The care team also may look at whether the cancer has spread to other parts of the body and the results of tests on the cancer cells. Your care team also considers your overall health and your preferences. […] Your treatment also may depend on whether your cancer cells show signs of human papillomavirus, also called HPV. Researchers are studying whether people with HPV-related tonsil cancer can be treated with lower doses of radiation and chemotherapy. This less intense treatment causes fewer side effects. Studies have found that it seems to be as effective as higher doses. If your tonsil cancer is found to be HPV-related, you and your healthcare team might consider a clinical trial studying less intense treatments.

• #71 Less Treatment for HPV-Related Oropharyngeal Cancer – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/news-events/cancer-currents-blog/2021/hpv-oropharyngeal-cancer-less-treatment-fewer-side-effects

  Although the cancer can come back in a small percentage of patients regardless of which regimen is used most are, in effect, cured. […] This tradeoff of a likely cure but with potentially long-lasting side effects has taken on even greater importance over the past two decades, as the number of people diagnosed each year with oropharyngeal cancer has been steadily increasing, explained NCIs Charalampos Floudas, M.D., who specializes in treating head and neck cancers. […] While oncologists wait to see the results of those studies, the case for intensive radiation therapy and high-dose cisplatin has grown even stronger, with updated results from a 400-patient clinical trial called NRG-HN005. […] Intensive radiation with high-dose cisplatin now has the largest body of scientific evidence and the highest cure rate among all regimens tested so far, Dr. Margalit said during a presentation at the ASTRO meeting. The results leave no doubt that the regimen should remain the standard of care.

• #72 Tough Love And Healing For Tonsil Cancer Survivor | Duke Cancer Institute

  https://www.dukecancerinstitute.org/blogs/tough-love-and-healing-tonsil-cancer-survivor

  In July 2014, at age 52, Russell was diagnosed by Duke surgical oncologist Ramon Esclamado, MD, with advanced-stage human papilloma virus (HPV) associated squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx. […] Esclamado, radiation oncologist David Brizel, MD, and medical oncologist Frank Dunphy, MD, (now retired) initiated an intensive 7 week treatment plan consisting of radiotherapy and concurrent chemotherapy. […] Standard-of-care treatment for oropharynx cancer, meanwhile, is still evolving, said Brizel. Depending on the stage and extent of the disease, patients may be treated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy, like Russell was, but some may be well-treated with radiation alone, and some may be treated adequately with surgery alone or surgery and radiation without chemotherapy. […] Oropharynx cancer that’s associated with HPV usually has a very favorable prognosis, more so than many other types of head and neck cancers and other cancers in general, said Brizel, with tumors less likely to recur than those not linked to HPV infection.

• #73 Tonsil cancer – Care at Mayo Clinic – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tonsil-cancer/care-at-mayo-clinic/mac-20367949

  Mayo Clinic experts offer compassionate, comprehensive care to those with tonsil cancer. Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer brings together experts from many specialties to provide you with the best care for your cancer. […] At Mayo Clinic, care for people with tonsil cancer is directed by head and neck oncologic surgeons who specialize in head and neck cancers and who coordinate a multispecialty team. […] Mayo Clinic doctors have access to the latest methods for diagnosing and treating tonsil cancer. Head and neck cancer specialists offer: […] Most tonsil cancers diagnosed at Mayo Clinic are associated with HPV, which has an important impact on tonsil cancer prognosis. For this reason, Mayo Clinic doctors test all tonsil cancers for HPV. […] Mayo Clinic doctors participated in research studying reduced-intensity treatment for oropharyngeal cancer. For some people with HPV-associated tonsil cancer, treatment plans may involve lower radiation doses. This approach may lower the risk of treatment side effects, without sacrificing cure rates.

• #74 Less Treatment for HPV-Related Oropharyngeal Cancer – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/news-events/cancer-currents-blog/2021/hpv-oropharyngeal-cancer-less-treatment-fewer-side-effects

  Although the cancer can come back in a small percentage of patients regardless of which regimen is used most are, in effect, cured. […] This tradeoff of a likely cure but with potentially long-lasting side effects has taken on even greater importance over the past two decades, as the number of people diagnosed each year with oropharyngeal cancer has been steadily increasing, explained NCIs Charalampos Floudas, M.D., who specializes in treating head and neck cancers. […] While oncologists wait to see the results of those studies, the case for intensive radiation therapy and high-dose cisplatin has grown even stronger, with updated results from a 400-patient clinical trial called NRG-HN005. […] Intensive radiation with high-dose cisplatin now has the largest body of scientific evidence and the highest cure rate among all regimens tested so far, Dr. Margalit said during a presentation at the ASTRO meeting. The results leave no doubt that the regimen should remain the standard of care.

• #75 Oropharyngeal (Throat) Cancer Treatment Options, by Stage | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/oral-cavity-and-oropharyngeal-cancer/treating/oropharyngeal-options-by-stage.html

  Most locally advanced oropharyngeal cancers (p16/HPV-positive or p16/HPV-negative) are treated with chemoradiation. Surgery might also be an option if the surgeon thinks that the cancer can be removed safely. […] Any cancer that is still present after chemoradiation is often removed with surgery. If the cancer has spread to neck lymph nodes, they may also need to be removed (a lymph node dissection) after chemoradiation is done. […] These cancers are usually treated with chemo, cetuximab, or both. Immunotherapy, alone or with chemo, might be another option. Treatments such as radiation may also be used to help relieve symptoms from the cancer or to help prevent new problems. […] Treatment options for recurrent cancers depend on the location and size of the cancer, what treatments have already been used, and the persons general health. Because these cancers can be hard to treat, clinical trials of newer treatments may be a good option for some people.

• #76 Oropharyngeal Cancer Treatment – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/patient/adult/oropharyngeal-treatment-pdq

  Treatment of oropharyngeal cancer that has metastasized or recurred in the oropharynx may include: surgery, if the cancer does not respond to radiation therapy, radiation therapy, if the tumor was not completely removed by surgery and previous radiation has not been given, chemotherapy for people with recurrent cancer that cannot be removed by surgery.

• #77 Oropharyngeal (Throat) Cancer Treatment Options, by Stage | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/oral-cavity-and-oropharyngeal-cancer/treating/oropharyngeal-options-by-stage.html

  Treatment for oropharyngeal cancer is based largely on the stage (extent) of the cancer and if it is caused by an HPV infection (p16-positive), but other factors can also be important. […] Most experts agree that treatment in a clinical trial should be considered for any cancer in the head and neck areas. This way, people might have a chance to get new treatments that may be better than standard ones. […] The usual treatment is surgery (usually Mohs surgery, surgical stripping, or thin resection) to remove the top layers of tissue along with a small margin (edge) of normal tissue. Close follow-up is important to watch for any signs that the cancer has come back. Carcinoma in situ that keeps coming back after surgery may need to be treated with radiation therapy. […] The main treatment options include radiation therapy aimed at the cancer and the lymph nodes in the neck or surgery of the main tumor along with removal of the lymph nodes in the neck (lymph node dissection). After surgery, if any cancer remains or if there is a high chance of the cancer coming back, chemoradiation is often used.

• #78 Treating Oral (Mouth) and Oropharyngeal (Throat) Cancer | Mouth & Throat Cancer Treatment | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/oral-cavity-and-oropharyngeal-cancer/treating.html

  It’s important to discuss all of your treatment options, including treatment goals and possible side effects, with your doctors to help make the decision that best fits your needs. […] Clinical trials are carefully controlled research studies that are done to get a closer look at promising new treatments or procedures. Clinical trials are one way to get state-of-the-art cancer treatment. […] You may hear about alternative or complementary methods to relieve symptoms or treat your cancer that your doctors havent mentioned. […] Be sure to talk to your cancer care team about any method you are thinking about using. […] Whether you are thinking about treatment, getting treatment, or not being treated at all, you can still get supportive care to help with pain or other symptoms. […] For some people, when treatments have been tried and are no longer controlling the cancer, it could be time to weigh the benefits and risks of continuing to try new treatments. […] Remember that even if you choose not to treat the cancer, you can still get supportive care to help with pain or other symptoms.

• #79 New weapons in the fight against oropharyngeal cancer

  https://www.nature.com/articles/d42473-022-00264-1

  In July 2018, Sabrina Barnhart got a terrible shock. She was diagnosed with tonsil cancer and told she needed an aggressive course of chemotherapy and radiation, blasting her neck from ear to clavicle. […] Chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy is the traditional treatment for oropharyngeal cancer. […] The GW Cancer Center team understood that, explaining everything along the way, making me feel super comfortable with my decision. […] At GW Cancer Center, the focus on chemotherapy makes that treatment less intense for patients with HPV-induced oropharyngeal cancer. […] The team will only use radiation as a follow-up treatment for particularly aggressive tumours or if the cancer has spread into nearby lymph nodes. […] GW Cancer Center, with other institutions, is now treating patients including Sabrina as part of a phase II trial to examine this radiotherapy-free protocol.

• #80

  https://oicr.on.ca/radiation-or-surgery-finding-the-best-treatment-for-oropharyngeal-cancer/

  Radiation or surgery: finding the best treatment for oropharyngeal cancer January 24, 2022 Dr. David Palma talks about ORATOR, the first published trial comparing quality of life outcomes between treatment options for cancers of the throat and back of the tongue. […] Patients with oropharyngeal cancers are usually treated with either radiation or surgery. And while both have very high cure rates, both are associated with potentially lifelong side effects. […] The first finding is that both treatments were very good at treating cancer. Long-term survival was quite good regardless of whether patients had surgery or radiation. […] Our findings were reassuring that both treatment options are good at curing cancer and provide good outcomes for patients. […] They do however have different side effect profiles which can be discussed between physicians and patients. Since this is the only published trial comparing surgery and radiation for these cancers in a randomized fashion, it gives us a lot more information to come to a shared decision with our patients on which treatment is best. […] Our next step is to explore what we call de-escalation, which means reducing the intensity of the treatment to try and improve quality of life while preserving the high cure rates.

• #81 Tough Love And Healing For Tonsil Cancer Survivor | Duke Cancer Institute

  https://www.dukecancerinstitute.org/blogs/tough-love-and-healing-tonsil-cancer-survivor

  Because the prognosis is very good and conventional therapies are extraordinarily effective, recent efforts have been focused on trying to figure out how to reduce the intensity of therapy so that we can reduce negative side effects of treatment which is what Robert Russell had without compromising the effectiveness of the cancer treatment, said Brizel. […] For example, Brizel and his team are now looking at the use of PET scanning during treatment to see if they can identify patients that don’t need as much radiation or chemotherapy. And they’re currently conducting a trial with a radiation protective drug that was developed at Duke to reduce some of the side effects of treatment.

• #82 Reddit – The heart of the internet

  https://www.reddit.com/r/HeadandNeckCancer/comments/1e36co9/hpv_tonsil_cancer_treatment_options/

  Recently diagnosed with HPV+ stage 1 cancer in my left tonsil and 1-3 lymph nodes. After all the various tests, I have been offered the option of participating in 2 clinical trials. 1) MR-Adaptor trial that involves up to 33 radiation treatments with weekly MRIs to determine progress and reduce the doses. No chemo or surgery expected. 2) Neoadjuvant (pre-surgery) chemo for 3 rounds then TORS surgery. No radiation expected. […] I decided on option 2. The more I learned about radiation, the more I wanted to try to avoid it without sacrificing the outcome. There are two arms to this study. Both receive the neoadjuvant chemo and then surgery. One arm also receives a vaccine. I am in the vaccine group. […] The other study I was considering was with MD Anderson. They have a variety of studies going on as well that are attempts to reduce radiation and long term side effects.

• #83 New weapons in the fight against oropharyngeal cancer

  https://www.nature.com/articles/d42473-022-00264-1

  A prospective phase II study from 2020 showed disease-free survival rates of 96%, five years after treatment with chemotherapy followed by surgery and no radiation. […] Their tumour volumes reduced more than 90% following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. […] GW hospital also uses other cutting-edge techniques to treat oropharyngeal cancers. […] The procedure is also backed with good evidence. […] Three months after surgery, patients are checked to make sure the cancer is gone. […] The GW Cancer Center team no longer treats HPV-positive and HPV-negative cancers with the same approach, and is examining the genetic underpinnings and immune microenvironment of the different cancers. […] In our pre-operative clinical trials, we’re tailoring the targeted therapy to the patients stage and HPV status, as HPV-positive and HPV-negative head and neck cancers are two different diseases.

• #84 Less Treatment for HPV-Related Oropharyngeal Cancer – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/news-events/cancer-currents-blog/2021/hpv-oropharyngeal-cancer-less-treatment-fewer-side-effects

  Although intensive radiation and high-dose cisplatin is the most commonly used initial treatment for localized HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer, at some hospitals the robotic surgery called TORS is routinely used in its place for selected patients, Dr. Floudas explained. […] Even in the absence of randomized trials directly comparing TORS with intensive radiation and high-dose cisplatin, several researchers agreed that, based on the available evidence, robotic surgery alone or followed by lower doses of radiation and chemotherapy is suitable for many patients. […] Dr. Yom advised that any deintensification should be done as part of a clinical trial. Of the ongoing trials involving deintensification, many include different forms of immunotherapy. […] We are very close to having deintensification as a standard option, she said. But doing so will require developing methods, including using markers like ctDNA and other information about the underlying biology of the tumor, to select the right patients who can be safely deintensified, she said.

• #85 Tonsil cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tonsil-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20449497

  Immunotherapy is a treatment with medicine that helps the body’s immune system kill cancer cells. The immune system fights off diseases by attacking germs and other cells that shouldn’t be in the body. Cancer cells survive by hiding from the immune system. Immunotherapy helps the immune system cells find and kill the cancer cells. Immunotherapy might be used when tonsil cancer spreads to other parts of the body and other treatments haven’t helped. […] If treatment affects your ability to speak and eat, you might need rehabilitation services. Rehabilitation specialists who work with people with tonsil cancer include those in speech therapy, swallowing therapy, dietetics, physical therapy and occupational therapy. These services can help with your recovery after tonsil cancer treatment.

• #86 Tonsil cancer – Care at Mayo Clinic – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tonsil-cancer/care-at-mayo-clinic/mac-20367949

  At Mayo Clinic you have access to a variety of experts to help you cope and recover, including specialists in speech and swallowing, physical therapists, occupational therapists, and dietitians. Palliative care specialists work with you, your family and the rest of your healthcare team to provide an extra layer of support that complements your ongoing care. The Nicotine Dependence Center can help if you want help to stop smoking. […] At Mayo Clinic, face, mouth and jaw surgeons (oral and maxillofacial surgeons), ear, nose and throat specialists (otolaryngologists), radiation oncologists, medical oncologists, plastic and reconstructive surgeons, pathologists, radiologists, and rehabilitation medicine specialists work as a team to create a personalized treatment plan that takes into consideration all of your needs.

• #87 Tonsil cancer – Care at Mayo Clinic – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tonsil-cancer/care-at-mayo-clinic/mac-20367949

  At Mayo Clinic you have access to a variety of experts to help you cope and recover, including specialists in speech and swallowing, physical therapists, occupational therapists, and dietitians. Palliative care specialists work with you, your family and the rest of your healthcare team to provide an extra layer of support that complements your ongoing care. The Nicotine Dependence Center can help if you want help to stop smoking. […] At Mayo Clinic, face, mouth and jaw surgeons (oral and maxillofacial surgeons), ear, nose and throat specialists (otolaryngologists), radiation oncologists, medical oncologists, plastic and reconstructive surgeons, pathologists, radiologists, and rehabilitation medicine specialists work as a team to create a personalized treatment plan that takes into consideration all of your needs.

• #88 Throat Cancer – UChicago Medicine

  https://www.uchicagomedicine.org/cancer/types-treatments/head-neck-cancers/throat-cancer

  Many throat cancers, especially those caused by HPV, respond well to chemotherapy. […] We may also prescribe targeted drug therapies to some patients. […] Our experienced radiation oncologists aim to give the smallest possible dose of radiation to the smallest possible area of the throat while also ensuring that they are killing any cancer cells that may remain after surgery and/or chemotherapy. […] Our dedicated speech pathologists create a relationship with the patient at the time of diagnosis and help patients preserve and regain these functions. […] Our patients often begin working with a speech pathologist at the start of treatment. […] Our patients have access to many other supportive staff, including: Nurse practitioners who will help you navigate your cancer treatment, Nutritionists to help maintain a healthy diet, Pain control experts, Tobacco cessation support, A dedicated supportive oncology program that provides a range of supportive care services to patients and their families, including mental health counseling, social work services and more.

• #89 My tonsil cancer treatment: 5 things I learned | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancerwise/5-lessons-learned-during-tonsil-cancer-treatment.h00-159303045.html

  MD Anderson is a very humbling place. When I was there for my tonsil cancer treatments in late 2016 and early 2017, Id always see someone who was worse off than I was. That gave me a better perspective on my own situation. But surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy still took their toll, and some days felt harder than others. […] I noticed a slight metallic taste to my food, but I could still eat a steak and enjoy it. Just a few days later, though, I had a hard time eating a single chicken wing, and soon I was struggling to consume even 1,000 calories a day. […] Id been warned that the side effects of radiation therapy (such as red, painful, peeling skin) are cumulative, so they get worse as time goes on and continue to evolve even after treatment ends. […] I finished mine on Feb. 10, 2017. And afterwards, I was like, OK, thats over. Lets move on. But it didnt quite work out that way. Because healing takes time. I wish Id been more patient with myself.

• #90 My tonsil cancer treatment: 5 things I learned | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancerwise/5-lessons-learned-during-tonsil-cancer-treatment.h00-159303045.html

  I still have considerable stiffness in my neck from the surgery and radiation therapy, though, so I have to do stretching exercises twice a day. […] The exercises wont ever make the stiffness go away, but they will help manage it. […] One thing that helped me stay positive was counting down the days until I finished treatment. […] My wife also provided a ton of support: from cleaning out my neck drain after surgery to cutting up all the pills I needed to take into smaller pieces so I could swallow them. […] I used to be deathly afraid of needles. […] I also didnt totally mind shedding so much weight.

• #91 Throat Cancer – UChicago Medicine

  https://www.uchicagomedicine.org/cancer/types-treatments/head-neck-cancers/throat-cancer

  Many throat cancers, especially those caused by HPV, respond well to chemotherapy. […] We may also prescribe targeted drug therapies to some patients. […] Our experienced radiation oncologists aim to give the smallest possible dose of radiation to the smallest possible area of the throat while also ensuring that they are killing any cancer cells that may remain after surgery and/or chemotherapy. […] Our dedicated speech pathologists create a relationship with the patient at the time of diagnosis and help patients preserve and regain these functions. […] Our patients often begin working with a speech pathologist at the start of treatment. […] Our patients have access to many other supportive staff, including: Nurse practitioners who will help you navigate your cancer treatment, Nutritionists to help maintain a healthy diet, Pain control experts, Tobacco cessation support, A dedicated supportive oncology program that provides a range of supportive care services to patients and their families, including mental health counseling, social work services and more.

• #92 Tonsil cancer – Care at Mayo Clinic – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tonsil-cancer/care-at-mayo-clinic/mac-20367949

  At Mayo Clinic you have access to a variety of experts to help you cope and recover, including specialists in speech and swallowing, physical therapists, occupational therapists, and dietitians. Palliative care specialists work with you, your family and the rest of your healthcare team to provide an extra layer of support that complements your ongoing care. The Nicotine Dependence Center can help if you want help to stop smoking. […] At Mayo Clinic, face, mouth and jaw surgeons (oral and maxillofacial surgeons), ear, nose and throat specialists (otolaryngologists), radiation oncologists, medical oncologists, plastic and reconstructive surgeons, pathologists, radiologists, and rehabilitation medicine specialists work as a team to create a personalized treatment plan that takes into consideration all of your needs.

• #93 Throat Cancer – UChicago Medicine

  https://www.uchicagomedicine.org/cancer/types-treatments/head-neck-cancers/throat-cancer

  Many throat cancers, especially those caused by HPV, respond well to chemotherapy. […] We may also prescribe targeted drug therapies to some patients. […] Our experienced radiation oncologists aim to give the smallest possible dose of radiation to the smallest possible area of the throat while also ensuring that they are killing any cancer cells that may remain after surgery and/or chemotherapy. […] Our dedicated speech pathologists create a relationship with the patient at the time of diagnosis and help patients preserve and regain these functions. […] Our patients often begin working with a speech pathologist at the start of treatment. […] Our patients have access to many other supportive staff, including: Nurse practitioners who will help you navigate your cancer treatment, Nutritionists to help maintain a healthy diet, Pain control experts, Tobacco cessation support, A dedicated supportive oncology program that provides a range of supportive care services to patients and their families, including mental health counseling, social work services and more.

• #94 Radiotherapy Effects For Throat Cancer | Mouth Cancer Foundation

  https://www.mouthcancerfoundation.org/patient-experiences/m-bs-story-recovery-from-the-effects-of-radiotherapy-following-treatment-for-throat-cancer/

  Following treatment, I found that I was unable to open my mouth as fully as I used to be able to prior to treatment. […] It is very common to get a Candida infection in the mouth (also known as oral thrush) during or after treatment when the mouth may be ulcerated. […] I found it difficult to maintain my weight, let alone put it back on, by sticking to a normal diet. […] I overcame this problem by using high calorie, nutritional supplements which either came as a liquid drink or as a powder to be mixed with milk. […] You will find that your energy levels are pretty low once treatment has finished. […] The treatment for this particular cancer is especially traumatic and it takes a long time to recover from the effects of the treatment.

• #95 Tonsil Cancer | Condition | UT Southwestern Medical Center

  https://utswmed.org/conditions-treatments/tonsil-cancer/

  Radiation therapy: Our doctors use radiation, a treatment with high-energy waves such as X-rays or gamma rays, to treat tonsil cancer. […] Chemoradiation: Chemotherapy (medications that destroy cancer cells) given at the same time as radiation therapy is known as chemoradiation. […] Chemotherapy: Anticancer medications work to destroy cancer cells and prevent them from spreading. […] Targeted therapy: Some types of tonsil cancer cells have a specific protein, EGFR, that causes aggressive growth. […] Reconstructive surgery: Patients with advanced tonsil cancer might need reconstruction after the removal of large tumors. […] For patients who are having radiation therapy for tonsil cancer, we recommend having any necessary dental work done before treatment. […] At UT Southwesterns Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, patients have access to every available treatment option, delivered by the most experienced head and neck cancer specialists in Dallas.

• #96 Radiotherapy Effects For Throat Cancer | Mouth Cancer Foundation

  https://www.mouthcancerfoundation.org/patient-experiences/m-bs-story-recovery-from-the-effects-of-radiotherapy-following-treatment-for-throat-cancer/

  The most important thing that I learned is that full recovery from the effects of radiotherapy to the mouth and throat takes years not months. […] I found that the radiotherapy affected the muscles of my throat and made swallowing difficult. […] Because of the effects of the radiation on the soft palate (the soft part of the roof of your mouth at the back), I found that when eating or drinking there was a tendency for the food to reflux up into my nose. […] The radiotherapy causes considerable swelling of the cheeks as well as the tongue and other tissues around the mouth. […] I have already mentioned the effects of radiation on the tongue in relation to taste. Another effect is the restriction of tongue movement that will occur for a number of months following treatment. […] I am sure that you will have been told of the importance of good dental hygiene. This is doubly important following radiation treatment due to the effects of the radiation on the jaw.

• #97 Throat Cancer Treatment | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/throat/throat-cancer-treatment

  We deliver more-effective radiation therapy directly to throat tumors. […] We offer unparalleled skill and experience in throat cancer surgery. […] People with advanced throat cancer have access to new drug treatments through our clinical trials. […] Our experts in oropharyngeal cancer have developed specialized approaches that improve quality of life for people with HPV-related tumors. […] Our rehabilitation experts design individualized treatment plans. […] Our dental team makes sure you’re in good oral health before treatment begins and is there to support you during and after your treatment. […] Our patients receive follow-up care from nurse practitioners who specialize in the long-term medical needs of people who been treated for head and neck cancer.

• #98 Throat Cancer – UChicago Medicine

  https://www.uchicagomedicine.org/cancer/types-treatments/head-neck-cancers/throat-cancer

  Many throat cancers, especially those caused by HPV, respond well to chemotherapy. […] We may also prescribe targeted drug therapies to some patients. […] Our experienced radiation oncologists aim to give the smallest possible dose of radiation to the smallest possible area of the throat while also ensuring that they are killing any cancer cells that may remain after surgery and/or chemotherapy. […] Our dedicated speech pathologists create a relationship with the patient at the time of diagnosis and help patients preserve and regain these functions. […] Our patients often begin working with a speech pathologist at the start of treatment. […] Our patients have access to many other supportive staff, including: Nurse practitioners who will help you navigate your cancer treatment, Nutritionists to help maintain a healthy diet, Pain control experts, Tobacco cessation support, A dedicated supportive oncology program that provides a range of supportive care services to patients and their families, including mental health counseling, social work services and more.

• #99 Throat Cancer Treatment | Duke Health

  https://www.dukehealth.org/treatments/cancer/head-and-neck-cancer/throat-cancer

  Rehabilitation Services Throat cancer treatment can lead to complications like problems with speaking, breathing, eating, or swallowing; nerve weakness or facial paralysis; or lymphedema. Speech therapists, physical therapists, and occupational therapists can help you improve your function. […] Support Services Social workers, psychologists, and palliative care experts can help you cope with the emotional and psychological effects often associated with cancer.

• #100 Throat Cancer Treatment | Duke Health

  https://www.dukehealth.org/treatments/cancer/head-and-neck-cancer/throat-cancer

  Rehabilitation Services Throat cancer treatment can lead to complications like problems with speaking, breathing, eating, or swallowing; nerve weakness or facial paralysis; or lymphedema. Speech therapists, physical therapists, and occupational therapists can help you improve your function. […] Support Services Social workers, psychologists, and palliative care experts can help you cope with the emotional and psychological effects often associated with cancer.

• #101 Tongue base or tonsil cancer – treatment – South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

  https://www.southtees.nhs.uk/resources/tongue-base-or-tonsil-cancer-treatment/

  The radiotherapy (with or without chemotherapy) varies depending on the results from your surgery. […] You may be offered the option to enter into a clinical trial. […] You will be followed up in the cancer clinic for 5 years, initially every 4 to 6 weeks, then less often as the years go on. […] After 5 years, as long as you are not smoking or drinking excessively you will be discharged as cured from your cancer.

• #102 Throat Cancer Treatment NYC | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/locations/head-neck-institute/cancer/throat/treatment

  After treatment of pharyngeal cancer, your doctor will insist on monitoring you for signs of cancer recurrence as well as possible spread. Your doctor may request seeing you every one to three months during your first year to look for possible signs of tumor regrowth. This evaluation will include a thorough physical examination of your head and neck — examining the area of the tumor’s original position and checking your neck closely for possible spread to the lymph nodes. A careful schedule of imaging, often with PET-CT scan, will also be employed as ongoing surveillance for disease. […] Eventually, follow-up visits may be required only once or twice a year. During these visits, the greater concern is not the possibility of the original cancer coming back, but concern that a second cancer may develop in the head and neck region. This is especially true in patients who continue to use tobacco and alcohol after treatment.

• #103 Tongue base or tonsil cancer – treatment – South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

  https://www.southtees.nhs.uk/resources/tongue-base-or-tonsil-cancer-treatment/

  The radiotherapy (with or without chemotherapy) varies depending on the results from your surgery. […] You may be offered the option to enter into a clinical trial. […] You will be followed up in the cancer clinic for 5 years, initially every 4 to 6 weeks, then less often as the years go on. […] After 5 years, as long as you are not smoking or drinking excessively you will be discharged as cured from your cancer.

• #104 Throat Cancer Treatment NYC | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/locations/head-neck-institute/cancer/throat/treatment

  After treatment of pharyngeal cancer, your doctor will insist on monitoring you for signs of cancer recurrence as well as possible spread. Your doctor may request seeing you every one to three months during your first year to look for possible signs of tumor regrowth. This evaluation will include a thorough physical examination of your head and neck — examining the area of the tumor’s original position and checking your neck closely for possible spread to the lymph nodes. A careful schedule of imaging, often with PET-CT scan, will also be employed as ongoing surveillance for disease. […] Eventually, follow-up visits may be required only once or twice a year. During these visits, the greater concern is not the possibility of the original cancer coming back, but concern that a second cancer may develop in the head and neck region. This is especially true in patients who continue to use tobacco and alcohol after treatment.

• #105 Tongue base or tonsil cancer – treatment – South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

  https://www.southtees.nhs.uk/resources/tongue-base-or-tonsil-cancer-treatment/

  The radiotherapy (with or without chemotherapy) varies depending on the results from your surgery. […] You may be offered the option to enter into a clinical trial. […] You will be followed up in the cancer clinic for 5 years, initially every 4 to 6 weeks, then less often as the years go on. […] After 5 years, as long as you are not smoking or drinking excessively you will be discharged as cured from your cancer.

• #106 Tonsil Cancer – Oracle Head and Neck Cancer UK

  https://oraclehnc.org.uk/head-and-neck-cancer-types/tonsil-cancer

  Surgery. Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) is increasingly commonly used for tonsil cancer treatment and involves removal of the tumour and affected lymph nodes. It is less invasive than traditional open surgery and leads to better preservation of swallowing function. Surgery may be combined with radiotherapy to give a safety margin around the tumour site. […] The prognosis for HPV-positive tonsil cancer is generally better than HPV-negative tonsil cancer. The 5-year survival rate for HPV-positive tonsil cancer is 80-90% combined with 50-60% for HPV-negative tonsil cancer. The latter is often related to smoking/alcohol use and has a higher risk of recurrence. Your consultant will evaluate your overall general health at the point of diagnosis looking at the following aspects; the cancer stage at diagnosis, age and lifestyle. […] The consultant will have regular check-ups with you for at least 5 years after treatment. Many patients can return to normal activities, though some may experience lasting effects from treatment, such as dry mouth or changes in swallowing function.

• #107 What Is the Prognosis for Tonsil Cancer?

  https://www.webmd.com/cancer/tonsil-cancer-prognosis

  When tonsil cancer spreads to the lymph nodes, it can travel from there to other parts of your body. Cancer that spreads to lymph nodes in your neck or to other organs has a worse prognosis than cancer that is only in your throat. This doesn’t mean your cancer can’t be treated — only that it may be harder to treat than an early-stage cancer. […] Surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy are all treatments for tonsil cancer. Your doctor will help you choose the treatment that is most likely to work best for you. […] If you have surgery, your doctor will remove the cancer and an area of healthy tissue around it called a „margin.” Having clear margins means that your surgeon is able to remove all of the cancer, which can improve your prognosis. […] It’s important to know that all these numbers come from studies that were done a few years ago. People who are diagnosed with tonsil cancer today may have a better prognosis thanks to new treatments.

• #108 Tonsil Cancer | HEAL Medical | Oncology | Cancer Treatments

  https://www.heal-medical.com/en/our-services/tonsil-cancer/

  Tonsil cancer is a type of head and neck cancer which encompasses a wide variety of cancers that occur in the head and neck region, including areas such as the throat, salivary glands, tongue, nasopharynx, oral cavity, and tonsils. […] The survival rate for tonsil cancer depends on the stage at which the cancer is diagnosed. Tonsil cancer is divided into four stages. If diagnosed at stage 1 or 2, the five-year survival rate is typically over 45%. However, if diagnosed at stage 3 or 4, considered late stages, the five-year survival rate decreases to 30% or lower. Generally, by the time tonsil cancer symptoms become apparent, it is already in the late stages. […] Early-stage tonsil cancer can be surgically removed. For more advanced cancers, partial or complete removal of the tonsils and surrounding affected tissues may be necessary. Surgery is often combined with other treatments to improve recovery chances.

• #109 What Is the Prognosis for Tonsil Cancer?

  https://www.webmd.com/cancer/tonsil-cancer-prognosis

  When tonsil cancer spreads to the lymph nodes, it can travel from there to other parts of your body. Cancer that spreads to lymph nodes in your neck or to other organs has a worse prognosis than cancer that is only in your throat. This doesn’t mean your cancer can’t be treated — only that it may be harder to treat than an early-stage cancer. […] Surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy are all treatments for tonsil cancer. Your doctor will help you choose the treatment that is most likely to work best for you. […] If you have surgery, your doctor will remove the cancer and an area of healthy tissue around it called a „margin.” Having clear margins means that your surgeon is able to remove all of the cancer, which can improve your prognosis. […] It’s important to know that all these numbers come from studies that were done a few years ago. People who are diagnosed with tonsil cancer today may have a better prognosis thanks to new treatments.

• #110 Long term and late effects | Head and neck cancer | Macmillan Cancer Support

  https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/impacts-of-cancer/late-effects-of-head-and-neck-cancer-treatments

  Doctors aim to provide the best treatment with as few side effects as possible. With improved treatment for head and neck cancer people are living for longer. Newer ways of giving radiotherapy, such as intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), may also help to reduce the risk of some late effects, such as a dry mouth. […] If you do have late effects there are things that can be done to treat and manage them. […] There are usually things that can be done to treat and manage late effects of head and neck cancer treatment. […] Your cancer doctor will explain if your symptoms are likely to be from your treatment. […] If you have numbness or a change in sensation in a part of your head or neck, take extra care to protect it. […] If you are having problems with your sex life talk your doctor or nurse for advice. […] There are different ways head and neck lymphoedema can be treated.

• #111 Radiotherapy Effects For Throat Cancer | Mouth Cancer Foundation

  https://www.mouthcancerfoundation.org/patient-experiences/m-bs-story-recovery-from-the-effects-of-radiotherapy-following-treatment-for-throat-cancer/

  The most important thing that I learned is that full recovery from the effects of radiotherapy to the mouth and throat takes years not months. […] I found that the radiotherapy affected the muscles of my throat and made swallowing difficult. […] Because of the effects of the radiation on the soft palate (the soft part of the roof of your mouth at the back), I found that when eating or drinking there was a tendency for the food to reflux up into my nose. […] The radiotherapy causes considerable swelling of the cheeks as well as the tongue and other tissues around the mouth. […] I have already mentioned the effects of radiation on the tongue in relation to taste. Another effect is the restriction of tongue movement that will occur for a number of months following treatment. […] I am sure that you will have been told of the importance of good dental hygiene. This is doubly important following radiation treatment due to the effects of the radiation on the jaw.

• #112 Radiotherapy Effects For Throat Cancer | Mouth Cancer Foundation

  https://www.mouthcancerfoundation.org/patient-experiences/m-bs-story-recovery-from-the-effects-of-radiotherapy-following-treatment-for-throat-cancer/

  Following treatment, I found that I was unable to open my mouth as fully as I used to be able to prior to treatment. […] It is very common to get a Candida infection in the mouth (also known as oral thrush) during or after treatment when the mouth may be ulcerated. […] I found it difficult to maintain my weight, let alone put it back on, by sticking to a normal diet. […] I overcame this problem by using high calorie, nutritional supplements which either came as a liquid drink or as a powder to be mixed with milk. […] You will find that your energy levels are pretty low once treatment has finished. […] The treatment for this particular cancer is especially traumatic and it takes a long time to recover from the effects of the treatment.

• #113 Long term and late effects | Head and neck cancer | Macmillan Cancer Support

  https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/impacts-of-cancer/late-effects-of-head-and-neck-cancer-treatments

  Doctors aim to provide the best treatment with as few side effects as possible. With improved treatment for head and neck cancer people are living for longer. Newer ways of giving radiotherapy, such as intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), may also help to reduce the risk of some late effects, such as a dry mouth. […] If you do have late effects there are things that can be done to treat and manage them. […] There are usually things that can be done to treat and manage late effects of head and neck cancer treatment. […] Your cancer doctor will explain if your symptoms are likely to be from your treatment. […] If you have numbness or a change in sensation in a part of your head or neck, take extra care to protect it. […] If you are having problems with your sex life talk your doctor or nurse for advice. […] There are different ways head and neck lymphoedema can be treated.

• #114 Tonsil cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tonsil-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20449497

  Treatments for tonsil cancer include surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Other treatments include targeted therapy and immunotherapy. […] Your healthcare team considers many factors when creating a treatment plan. These factors might include the cancer’s location and how fast it’s growing. The care team also may look at whether the cancer has spread to other parts of the body and the results of tests on the cancer cells. Your care team also considers your overall health and your preferences. […] Your treatment also may depend on whether your cancer cells show signs of human papillomavirus, also called HPV. Researchers are studying whether people with HPV-related tonsil cancer can be treated with lower doses of radiation and chemotherapy. This less intense treatment causes fewer side effects. Studies have found that it seems to be as effective as higher doses. If your tonsil cancer is found to be HPV-related, you and your healthcare team might consider a clinical trial studying less intense treatments.

• #115 Tonsil cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/head-neck-cancer/tonsil

  The main treatments for tonsil cancer are surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. You might have a combination of these or one treatment on its own. […] The main treatments for tonsil cancer are surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Your treatment depends on how far your cancer has grown and whether it has spread.

• #116 Less Treatment for HPV-Related Oropharyngeal Cancer – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/news-events/cancer-currents-blog/2021/hpv-oropharyngeal-cancer-less-treatment-fewer-side-effects

  Although the cancer can come back in a small percentage of patients regardless of which regimen is used most are, in effect, cured. […] This tradeoff of a likely cure but with potentially long-lasting side effects has taken on even greater importance over the past two decades, as the number of people diagnosed each year with oropharyngeal cancer has been steadily increasing, explained NCIs Charalampos Floudas, M.D., who specializes in treating head and neck cancers. […] While oncologists wait to see the results of those studies, the case for intensive radiation therapy and high-dose cisplatin has grown even stronger, with updated results from a 400-patient clinical trial called NRG-HN005. […] Intensive radiation with high-dose cisplatin now has the largest body of scientific evidence and the highest cure rate among all regimens tested so far, Dr. Margalit said during a presentation at the ASTRO meeting. The results leave no doubt that the regimen should remain the standard of care.

• #117

  https://oicr.on.ca/radiation-or-surgery-finding-the-best-treatment-for-oropharyngeal-cancer/

  Radiation or surgery: finding the best treatment for oropharyngeal cancer January 24, 2022 Dr. David Palma talks about ORATOR, the first published trial comparing quality of life outcomes between treatment options for cancers of the throat and back of the tongue. […] Patients with oropharyngeal cancers are usually treated with either radiation or surgery. And while both have very high cure rates, both are associated with potentially lifelong side effects. […] The first finding is that both treatments were very good at treating cancer. Long-term survival was quite good regardless of whether patients had surgery or radiation. […] Our findings were reassuring that both treatment options are good at curing cancer and provide good outcomes for patients. […] They do however have different side effect profiles which can be discussed between physicians and patients. Since this is the only published trial comparing surgery and radiation for these cancers in a randomized fashion, it gives us a lot more information to come to a shared decision with our patients on which treatment is best. […] Our next step is to explore what we call de-escalation, which means reducing the intensity of the treatment to try and improve quality of life while preserving the high cure rates.

• #118 Tonsil cancer – Care at Mayo Clinic – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tonsil-cancer/care-at-mayo-clinic/mac-20367949

  At Mayo Clinic you have access to a variety of experts to help you cope and recover, including specialists in speech and swallowing, physical therapists, occupational therapists, and dietitians. Palliative care specialists work with you, your family and the rest of your healthcare team to provide an extra layer of support that complements your ongoing care. The Nicotine Dependence Center can help if you want help to stop smoking. […] At Mayo Clinic, face, mouth and jaw surgeons (oral and maxillofacial surgeons), ear, nose and throat specialists (otolaryngologists), radiation oncologists, medical oncologists, plastic and reconstructive surgeons, pathologists, radiologists, and rehabilitation medicine specialists work as a team to create a personalized treatment plan that takes into consideration all of your needs.

• #119 Throat Cancer – UChicago Medicine

  https://www.uchicagomedicine.org/cancer/types-treatments/head-neck-cancers/throat-cancer

  Many throat cancers, especially those caused by HPV, respond well to chemotherapy. […] We may also prescribe targeted drug therapies to some patients. […] Our experienced radiation oncologists aim to give the smallest possible dose of radiation to the smallest possible area of the throat while also ensuring that they are killing any cancer cells that may remain after surgery and/or chemotherapy. […] Our dedicated speech pathologists create a relationship with the patient at the time of diagnosis and help patients preserve and regain these functions. […] Our patients often begin working with a speech pathologist at the start of treatment. […] Our patients have access to many other supportive staff, including: Nurse practitioners who will help you navigate your cancer treatment, Nutritionists to help maintain a healthy diet, Pain control experts, Tobacco cessation support, A dedicated supportive oncology program that provides a range of supportive care services to patients and their families, including mental health counseling, social work services and more.

• #120 Tonsil Cancer: Symptoms, Signs & Causes

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21931-tonsil-cancer

  Tonsil cancer treatments include surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. […] Treatment depends on the size and location of the tumor and whether it has spread to other parts of your body. Possible treatments for tonsil cancer include surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. […] Your otolaryngologist may do surgery to remove small tumors or affected lymph nodes, including: Lymphadenectomy: You may need this surgery if tonsil cancer is in your neck lymph nodes. […] You may receive radiation therapy or chemotherapy as an alternative to surgery or after surgery for tonsil cancer. […] They may recommend chemotherapy when surgery or radiation therapy isn’t an option for tonsil cancer. Chemotherapy can slow down tonsil cancer growth and ease its symptoms. […] Side effects and complications will be different depending on the treatment type. […] Common chemotherapy and radiation therapy side effects include: Fatigue. Hair loss. Nausea and vomiting. […] Statistically, tonsil cancer isn’t likely to be fatal. As with most cancers, treatment is most successful when the condition is detected and treated in the early stages.

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