Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Small Bowel Cancer – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560725/

  Small bowel cancer encompasses a series of malignant lesions that may be identified throughout the small intestine (SI). This activity highlights the role of the interprofessional team in managing patients who have small bowel cancer. […] Describe interprofessional team strategies for improving care coordination and communication to advance small bowel cancer and improve outcomes. […] The majority of these lesions cause multiple nonspecific symptoms, which often leads to delay in diagnosis and therefore delay in early intervention with available treatment strategies. […] Diagnosis can be variable based on the location of the lesion under investigation and generally consists of laboratory studies, radiographic imaging, and endoscopic evaluation. […] The evaluation and diagnostic process of small bowel cancer consist of laboratory, imaging, and endoscopic evaluations.

• #2 Intestinal Cancer: Causes, Symptoms & Treatments

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/intestinal-cancer

  Intestinal cancer, also known as small intestine cancer or small bowel cancer, is very rare, accounting for less than 1 percent of all new cancer diagnoses. […] Intestinal cancer is such an important focus at City of Hope that each of our hospitals has a GI Cancer Center dedicated to treating patients with all stages of gastrointestinal diseases. Our gastroenterologists and oncologists understand the complexities of intestinal cancer and the array of treatment options available to you, including the Whipple procedure, segmental resection (hemicolectomy) and palliative procedures. […] We also offer supportive care services to manage side effects before, during and after treatment. […] Your multidisciplinary team will work with you to develop a personalized plan to treat your intestinal cancer in a way that fits your individual needs and goals.

• #3 Small Bowel Cancer – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560725/

  Localized small bowel adenocarcinoma is primarily managed with wide segmental surgical resection. […] It has been previously noted that the majority of NETs arise in the jejunum and ileum and are typically well differentiated. […] The majority of lesions in the GI tract that are identified as lymphoma consist of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. […] Small bowel cancer overall includes a series of malignant lesions that, although rare, can be found throughout the small bowel. Education for clinicians should be focused on ensuring this is considered when ruling out causes for nonspecific gastrointestinal symptoms, as this may lead to earlier diagnostic imaging and diagnosis. […] Initial diagnosis and management of small bowel cancer require interprofessional efforts to help coordinate diagnostic studies and treatment plans.

• #4 Small Intestine Cancer Treatment – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/small-intestine/patient/small-intestine-treatment-pdq

  Small intestine cancer is a rare disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the small intestine. […] Signs and symptoms of small intestine cancer include unexplained weight loss and abdominal pain. […] Tests that examine the small intestine are used to diagnose and stage small intestine cancer. […] Certain factors affect prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options. […] There are different types of treatment for patients with small intestine cancer. […] The following types of treatment are used: Surgery, Radiation therapy, Chemotherapy. […] Treatment for small intestine cancer may cause side effects. […] Patients may want to think about taking part in a clinical trial. […] Treatment of small intestine adenocarcinoma will be surgery to remove the tumor and some of the normal tissue around it.

• #4

  https://www.cancervic.org.au/cancer-information/types-of-cancer/small_bowel_cancer/small_bowel_overview.html

  You will be cared for by a multi-disciplinary team (MDT) of health professionals during your treatment, which may include a surgeon, radiation oncologist, gastroenterologist and dietitian, among others. […] Discussion with your doctor will help you decide on the best treatment for your cancer depending on: the type of cancer you have, where it is in your body, whether or not the cancer has spread (stage of disease), your age, fitness and general health, your preferences. […] The main treatments for small bowel cancer include surgery and chemotherapy. Often medications are used that block cancer cells from secreting hormones and chemicals. These treatments can be given alone or in combination. […] After treatment for small bowel cancer (especially surgery), you may need to adjust to changes in the digestion and absorption of food, or bowel function. These changes may be temporary or ongoing, and may require specialised help. If you experience problems, talk to your GP, specialist doctor, specialist nurse or dietitian.

• #5 Intestinal Cancer: Causes, Symptoms & Treatments

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/intestinal-cancer

  The GI Cancer Center teams also work closely with other supportive care clinicians to manage additional disease- and treatment-related side effects, such as nausea and vomiting. These supportive care experts may include a pain management physician, as well as naturopathic, behavioral health and spiritual support providers. […] Supportive care therapies that may be recommended to help intestinal cancer patients stay strong and maintain their quality of life include: Nutritional support, Pain management, Oncology rehabilitation.

• #5 Small Bowel Cancer | Cancer Council

  https://www.cancer.org.au/cancer-information/types-of-cancer/rare-cancers/small-bowel-cancer

  Discussion with your doctor will help you decide on the best treatment for your cancer depending on the type of cancer you have; where it is in your body; whether or not the cancer has spread; your age, fitness and general health and your preferences. […] The main treatments for small bowel cancer include surgery and chemotherapy. Often medications are used that block cancer cells from secreting hormones and chemicals. These treatments can be given alone or in combination. […] Surgery is the main treatment for small bowel cancer (adenocarcinoma, sarcoma and neuroendocrine tumours), especially for people with early-stage disease who are in good health. […] If part of the bowel is removed during surgery, the surgeon will usually join it back together. This join is called an anastomosis. If this isnt possible, you may need a stoma which can be temporary or permanent.

• #6 Bowel Care Nurses

  https://www.bowelcanceraustralia.org/support-care/support-for-you/bowel-care-nurses/

  Bowel Cancer Australia’s friendly nurses assist patients, family, friends, and concerned members of the community. […] Our medically trained nurses serve as a constant, dedicated point of contact throughout a patients care. […] Offering support during and after treatment, they add an extra layer of support to the trusted relationship patients have with their treating medical team. […] Bowel Cancer Australia’s specialist Bowel Care Nurse program is helping to address this gap, by funding in-person Bowel Care Nurses in hospitals and Cancer Centres across Australia. […] The 100% community funded program enables people with bowel cancer to receive dedicated in-person clinical, psychosocial and emotional support from a specialist Bowel Care Nurse in the place where they are receiving treatment.

• #7 Bowel Care Nurses

  https://www.bowelcanceraustralia.org/support-care/support-for-you/bowel-care-nurses/

  Specialist Bowel Care Nurses provide a single point of contact for people with bowel cancer, assisting with continuity of care from diagnosis, helping to improve bowel cancer outcomes by identifying and bridging gaps in the patient journey and enabling patients to take a more active role in their bowel care treatment, and assisting with care coordination, while providing advice, education, support, and direct patient care. […] Every bowel cancer patient deserves to have access to a dedicated Bowel Care Nurse.

• #8 Small bowel cancer treatment at GenesisCare

  https://www.genesiscare.com/uk/condition/cancer/gastrointestinal-cancer/small-bowel-cancer

  Small bowel cancer treatment may include surgery, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, radiotherapy or Theranostics, along with specialists in diet if needed. […] Our qualified physiotherapists and wellbeing consultants will carefully plan these therapies tailored to your needs by working with you and your consultant. […] Surgery is the primary treatment for small bowel cancer and forms part of an overall treatment and care plan for cancers in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum. […] Our team also includes specialist dietitians, who may be involved in preparing you for surgery and helping with your recovery and rehabilitation. […] At GenesisCare, we offer all drug therapies that can be used to treat small bowel cancer, including many of the newest treatments. […] Our compassionate nursing teams are available 24/7 on a dedicated on-call telephone service and can answer any queries during your treatment. […] We also offer a wellbeing expert and holistic therapies such as counselling, acupuncture, massage and reflexology through our unique partnership with the Penny Brohn UK charity.

• #9 Small Bowel Obstruction: Nursing Diagnoses, Care Plans, Assessment & Interventions | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/small-bowel-obstruction-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  Nurses will be involved in caring for patients with an SBO in the inpatient setting. Depending on the severity of the blockage, patients will need to receive IV fluids to maintain hydration and nasogastric suctioning to allow the bowel to rest and recover. Nurses will educate patients on risk factors, symptoms, and management of their condition. […] Most cases of small bowel obstruction necessitate immediate surgical management as it is an emergency. If surgical management is delayed, it can be fatal. Partial bowel obstructions may not require surgery if they resolve within three days. […] Nursing interventions and care are essential for the patients recovery. In the following section, you’ll learn more about possible nursing interventions for a patient with small bowel obstruction. […] The bowel can lose blood flow due to intestinal blockage. The bowel wall deteriorates due to a lack of blood, causing tissue death (ischemia), perforation in the intestinal wall, and infection.

• #10

  https://www.cancervic.org.au/cancer-information/types-of-cancer/small_bowel_cancer/small_bowel_overview.html

  Surgery is the main treatment for small bowel cancer (adenocarcinoma, sarcoma and neuroendocrine tumours), especially for people with early-stage disease who are in good health. […] It is not usually recommended for lymphomas in the small bowel these are commonly treated with radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy. […] The way the surgery is done depends on the location and stage of the tumour. You may have open or keyhole surgery. Surgical procedures for small bowel cancer include a resection or bypass. […] A resection is the surgical removal of part of the small bowel that contains cancer. […] If part of the bowel is removed during surgery, the surgeon will usually join it back together. This join is called an anastomosis. If this isn’t possible, you may need a stoma, where the end of the intestine is brought through an opening made in your abdomen to allow faeces to be removed from the body and collected in a bag. The stoma may be temporary or permanent.

• #11 Small Bowel Cancer | Cancer Council

  https://www.cancer.org.au/cancer-information/types-of-cancer/rare-cancers/small-bowel-cancer

  Discussion with your doctor will help you decide on the best treatment for your cancer depending on the type of cancer you have; where it is in your body; whether or not the cancer has spread; your age, fitness and general health and your preferences. […] The main treatments for small bowel cancer include surgery and chemotherapy. Often medications are used that block cancer cells from secreting hormones and chemicals. These treatments can be given alone or in combination. […] Surgery is the main treatment for small bowel cancer (adenocarcinoma, sarcoma and neuroendocrine tumours), especially for people with early-stage disease who are in good health. […] If part of the bowel is removed during surgery, the surgeon will usually join it back together. This join is called an anastomosis. If this isnt possible, you may need a stoma which can be temporary or permanent.

• #12 Small bowel cancer // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/small-bowel-cancer

  If a small bowel cancer can’t be removed, a surgeon might perform a bypass to relieve a blockage in the small intestine. […] Chemotherapy uses strong medicines to kill cancer cells. Chemotherapy usually involves a combination of medicines that kill fast-growing cells, including cancer cells. It’s typically given through a vein, but some medicines come in pill form. […] For small bowel cancer, chemotherapy might be used after surgery if there’s a risk that the cancer could return. For advanced cancer, chemotherapy might help relieve symptoms. If the cancer is too big to be removed with surgery, it may first be treated with chemotherapy to shrink it. […] Radiation therapy uses powerful energy beams to kill cancer cells. The energy can come from X-rays, protons or other sources. During radiation therapy, you lie on a table while a machine moves around you. The machine directs radiation to precise points on your body. Radiation therapy is sometimes combined with chemotherapy before surgery to shrink the size of the cancer.

• #13 Small bowel cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/small-bowel-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20442293

  Small bowel cancer care at Mayo Clinic […] Our caring team of Mayo Clinic experts can help you with your small bowel cancer-related health concerns […] Treatment for small bowel cancer usually involves surgery to remove the cancer. Other options might be chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Your health care team considers the location of your cancer and its type when creating a treatment plan. They also consider your overall health and your preferences. […] Small bowel cancer treatments might include: […] Surgery. Surgeons work to remove all of the small bowel cancer, when possible. If cancer affects a small part of the small intestine, the surgeon may remove only that section. The surgeon then rejoins the cut ends of the intestine. Sometimes all of the small intestine needs to be removed. The surrounding lymph nodes also may be removed to see if there is a risk of the cancer spreading.

• #14 Small bowel cancer – Hancock Health

  https://www.hancockhealth.org/mayo-health-library/small-bowel-cancer/

  Small bowel cancer treatment usually involves surgery to remove the cancer. Other treatments include chemotherapy and targeted therapy, which use medicines to kill cancer cells. Radiation therapy also may be used to shrink the cancer before surgery. […] Your health care team considers your type of small bowel cancer when creating a treatment plan. […] Treatment for small bowel cancer usually involves surgery to remove the cancer. Other options might be chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Your health care team considers the location of your cancer and its type when creating a treatment plan. They also consider your overall health and your preferences. […] Small bowel cancer treatments might include: […] Surgeons work to remove all of the small bowel cancer, when possible. If cancer affects a small part of the small intestine, the surgeon may remove only that section. The surgeon then rejoins the cut ends of the intestine. Sometimes all of the small intestine needs to be removed. The surrounding lymph nodes also may be removed to see if there is a risk of the cancer spreading.

• #15

  https://www.cancervic.org.au/cancer-information/types-of-cancer/small_bowel_cancer/small_bowel_overview.html

  Chemotherapy is often used to treat lymphomas in the small bowel. Your treatment will depend on your situation and the type of cancer you have. Your medical oncologist will discuss your options with you. […] Common side effects include fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, bowel issues such as constipation or diarrhoea, hair loss, mouth sores, skin and nail problems, increased chance of infections and loss of fertility. […] Immunotherapy or biological therapy uses the body’s own immune system to fight cancer. […] Radiation therapy uses high energy rays to destroy cancer cells, where the radiation comes from a machine outside the body. […] A course of radiation therapy needs to be carefully planned. It does not hurt and is usually given in small doses over a period of time to minimise side effects, which may include fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, bowel issues such as diarrhoea, abdominal cramps and excess wind, bladder issues, skin problems, lymphoedema and loss of fertility.

• #16 Small bowel cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/small-bowel-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20442293

  Chemotherapy. Chemotherapy uses strong medicines to kill cancer cells. Chemotherapy usually involves a combination of medicines that kill fast-growing cells, including cancer cells. It’s typically given through a vein, but some medicines come in pill form. […] Radiation therapy. Radiation therapy uses powerful energy beams to kill cancer cells. The energy can come from X-rays, protons or other sources. […] Targeted therapy. Targeted therapy uses medicines that attack specific chemicals in the cancer cells. By blocking these chemicals, targeted treatments can cause cancer cells to die. […] Immunotherapy. Immunotherapy is a treatment with medicine that helps your body’s immune system to kill cancer cells.

• #17 Small bowel cancer – Hancock Health

  https://www.hancockhealth.org/mayo-health-library/small-bowel-cancer/

  Chemotherapy uses strong medicines to kill cancer cells. Chemotherapy usually involves a combination of medicines that kill fast-growing cells, including cancer cells. […] Radiation therapy uses powerful energy beams to kill cancer cells. […] Targeted therapy uses medicines that attack specific chemicals in the cancer cells. […] Immunotherapy is a treatment with medicine that helps your bodys immune system to kill cancer cells.

• #18 Supportive care for small intestine cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/small-intestine/supportive-care

  Supportive care helps people meet the physical, practical, emotional and spiritual challenges of cancer. It is an important part of cancer care. […] Recovering from small intestine cancer and adjusting to life after treatment is different for each person. Recovery depends on the stage, the type of treatment and many other factors. […] Your healthcare team might suggest medicines to treat diarrhea and heartburn. They may also suggest ways to help you cope with short bowel syndrome, such as: […] Vitamin and mineral supplements may reduce the amount of nutrients lost from food. Your healthcare team may recommend that you take iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc supplements. […] Tube feeding and parenteral nutrition may be used if you have trouble eating and you can’t maintain your nutrition. Tube feeding is a way of getting nutrients directly into your small intestine. Parenteral nutrition delivers liquid nutrients, fluids and electrolytes through a needle put into your vein (intravenously). […] To make the decisions that are right for you, ask your healthcare team questions about supportive care.

• #19

  https://www.cancervic.org.au/cancer-information/types-of-cancer/small_bowel_cancer/small_bowel_overview.html

  Once your treatment has finished, you will have regular check-ups to confirm that the cancer hasn’t come back. Ongoing surveillance for small bowel cancer involves a schedule of ongoing scans and physical examinations. Maintaining a healthy body weight, eating well and being active are all important. […] If the cancer does come back, treatment will depend on where the cancer has returned to in your body and may include a mix of surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. […] In some cases of advanced cancer, treatment will focus on managing any symptoms, such as pain, and improving your quality of life without trying to cure the disease. This is called palliative treatment.

• #20

  https://www.americanoncology.com/cancer-we-treat/followup-care/small-bowel-cancer

  Follow-up care is essential in small intestine cancer survivors. In most cases, the patient needs to visit the hospital once a month for the initial few months. Later on, the time gap between the visits may be increased. It allows the cancer specialist to manage the treatment complications and determine the signs that indicate cancer recurrence. During a follow-up visit, the patient may undergo several tests, such as blood tests or imaging tests. […] We are here to give you the strength to recover through a comprehensive cancer care program.

• #21 Malignant Neoplasms of the Small Intestine Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/282684-treatment

  Patients who have undergone surgical resection for localized disease should have a follow-up visit in the outpatient setting every 3 months to assess for symptoms or signs suggestive of recurrent disease. […] Patients with advanced metastatic disease may be treated with chemotherapy in an outpatient setting. They should also be observed for hematologic and other toxicity related to chemotherapy.

• #22 Surgery for small bowel cancer | Macmillan Cancer Support

  https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/treatments-and-drugs/surgery-for-small-bowel-cancer

  Surgery for small bowel cancer involves removing all or part of the cancer with an operation. It is the main treatment for small bowel cancer. […] Surgery is the main treatment for adenocarcinoma of the small bowel. Some people will have chemotherapy as well. […] Your doctor and nurse will explain the aim of the operation before your surgery. They will answer any questions you have. […] Your surgeon will explain what type of surgery will be best for you. […] Sometimes the bowel cannot be joined back together during the operation. In this situation, the surgeon may make an opening in the abdominal (tummy) wall during the operation. They then join the end of the bowel to the surface of the abdomen. This is called a stoma. […] The stoma care nurse at the hospital will help you look after the stoma for the first few days. They can give you support and information on caring for your stoma when you go home. […] When part of the small bowel has been removed or bypassed, you may need to have a special diet, supplements or medicines. These may help you digest and absorb food. It will depend on the type of surgery you have had. Your doctor or nurse will explain this to you.

• #23 Small Bowel Obstruction: Nursing Diagnoses, Care Plans, Assessment & Interventions | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/small-bowel-obstruction-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  Complete bowel obstructions have a high recurrence rate. Educate patients and families on signs and symptoms and to seek treatment immediately as mortality rises when surgery is delayed. […] Patients with small bowel obstruction can experience pain due to inflammation and blockage within the small intestine. […] Patients with a small bowel obstruction can experience varying degrees of constipation. […] Blockages in the bowel prevent the passage of gastric contents causing delayed GI motility. […] Patients with small bowel obstruction can experience imbalanced nutrition due to impaired digestion and lack of absorption in the bowel. […] Gastrointestinal tissue perfusion is reduced with small bowel obstruction causing insufficient blood flow that may cause serious complications.

• #24 New resource for patients with intestinal cancer type most have never heard of before diagnosis – ecancer

  https://ecancer.org/en/news/24740-new-resource-for-patients-with-intestinal-cancer-type-most-have-never-heard-of-before-diagnosis

  The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) today announced publication of new NCCN Guidelines for Patients: Small Bowel Adenocarcinoma. […] This free resource for people facing cancer and caregivers is focused on a rare cancer type that typically occurs in the small intestine, where routine screening is impossible, even for high-risk individuals. […] The NCCN Guidelines for Patients: Small Bowel Adenocarcinoma are now available for free download at NCCN.org/patientguidelines, thanks to funding from the NCCN Foundation. […] This new guidance helps people with small bowel adenocarcinoma understand current treatment standards and know what questions to ask their doctor in order to make more informed decisions about their care. […] The patient versions offer the same evidence-based expert consensus recommendations in lay terms, including a helpful glossary, illustrations, and suggested questions to ask.

• #25 New resource for patients with intestinal cancer type most have never heard of before diagnosis – ecancer

  https://ecancer.org/en/news/24740-new-resource-for-patients-with-intestinal-cancer-type-most-have-never-heard-of-before-diagnosis

  Treatment differs from that for colon or rectal cancer in several ways, with the role of immunotherapy highlighted for patients with specific genomic profiles. […] For local (stage IIII) disease, the primary treatment involves surgery, including removal of nearby lymph nodes. […] Most metastatic patients are treated with systemic therapy. […] Small bowel adenocarcinoma is more common in people with Lynch syndrome or inflammatory bowel disease. […] If someone with small bowel adenocarcinoma has been demonstrated to have inherited risk, we want to make sure family members get genetic counselling and testing to see if they carry the same risk. […] There are also prevention and supportive care guides covering topics like colorectal cancer screening and immunotherapy side effects.

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