Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Reducing Risk for Ovarian Cancer | Ovarian Cancer | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/ovarian-cancer/prevention/index.html

  There is no known way to prevent ovarian cancer, but some things are associated with a lower chance of getting it. […] There is no known way to prevent ovarian cancer, but these things are associated with a lower chance of getting ovarian cancer: Having used birth control pills that contain estrogen and progesterone for 5 or more years. […] Having had a tubal ligation (getting your tubes tied), both ovaries removed, both fallopian tubes removed, or a hysterectomy (an operation in which the uterus, and sometimes the cervix, is removed). […] Having given birth. […] Breastfeeding. Some studies suggest that women who breastfeed for a year or more may have a modestly reduced risk of ovarian cancer. […] Talk to your doctor about ways to reduce your risk. While these things may help reduce the chance of getting ovarian cancer, they are not recommended for everybody, and risks and benefits are associated with each.

• #1 Ovarian cancer prevention | Ovarian cancer information | Ovarian Cancer Action

  https://ovarian.org.uk/ovarian-cancer/ovarian-cancer-prevention/

  While it isnt possible to completely prevent ovarian cancer, there are actions you can take to reduce your risk of getting ovarian cancer. […] There is no known way to completely prevent most ovarian cancers. But there are things that you can do that might lower your risk. […] But women may be able to lower their risk by staying at a healthy weight, avoiding smoking and talking to your GP if you have a family history of cancer. […] The risk of developing ovarian cancer increases with age, with more than half of all cases in the UK in women aged 65 and over. […] While you cannot always prevent ovarian cancer, there are risk-reduction measures, lowering your chances of developing the disease and which may improve your overall health. […] Using oral contraceptives (birth control pills) can reduce the chances of developing ovarian cancer for average-risk women and BRCA mutation carriers, particularly if used for five years or more.

• #1 Ovarian Cancer Risk Factors & Prevention Strategies | OCRA

  https://ocrahope.org/for-patients/prevention-risk/

  Until we find a cure, prevention is our greatest weapon. Understanding your risk and taking preventive measures is crucial in the fight against ovarian cancer. […] 20% of ovarian cancers are caused by a genetic mutation its imperative to know your risk, as well as prophylactic options if you have a mutation. […] Research shows that removing the fallopian tubes when having another pelvic surgery such as a hysterectomy or tubal ligation, and leaving the ovaries intact, can help prevent ovarian cancer. […] OCRA offers free genetic testing for those at increased risk, and advocates for consideration of prophylactic surgery at the time of other planned pelvic surgery even for those at average risk, to potentially prevent the deadly disease. […] Using birth control pills for five or more years can reduce the risk of ovarian cancer by about 50%. This is true even for women with BRCA mutations.

• #1 What doctors wish patients knew about ovarian cancer prevention | American Medical Association

  https://www.ama-assn.org/delivering-care/public-health/what-doctors-wish-patients-knew-about-ovarian-cancer-prevention

  The most important preventive thing that a person can do is have annual exams with a primary care physician, said Dr. Wilson. Call your doctor right away if you have symptoms and just stay in good general health. […] For those at routine risk of ovarian cancer, there isn’t a recommended screening test, and no screening strategy has been shown to reduce the risk of death from ovarian cancer, said Dr. Heshmati. […] A round 1.2% of women will develop ovarian cancer sometime during their life, Dr. Heshmati said, noting there is no way to know for sure who will get ovarian cancer. […] Giving birth and breastfeeding both decrease the risk of ovarian cancer, said Dr. Wilson. And it’s not just the fact that a person has given birth, which in and of itself reduces the risk of ovarian cancer. But breastfeeding, independent of getting pregnant, reduces the risk as well, he added.

• #1 Prevention and Early Detection – Ovarian Cancers – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK367614/

  Tubal ligation, a surgical procedure in which the fallopian tubes are tied or blocked in such a way that eggs released from the ovary cannot reach the uterus, reduces the risk for ovarian cancer in both high-genetic-risk and average-genetic-risk populations. […] One meta-analysis found that the risk for ovarian cancer for women who underwent tubal ligation dropped by 33 percent compared with women who did not undergo surgery. […] Women who have undergone a hysterectomy, the surgical removal of the uterus, have a lower risk of ovarian cancer. […] A hysterectomy may prevent ovarian cancer by limiting the ability of endometriotic tissue to access the fallopian tubes and the ovaries through retrograde menstruation, thereby stopping the associated inflammation and protumorigenic environment. […] One of the primary alternatives to surgical intervention for the prevention of ovarian cancer is use of hormone-modulating prescription drugs such as OCs. […] The SGO has stated that OCs reduce the risk of ovarian cancer for average-risk women and BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers.

• #1 Ovarian Cancer Risk Factors & Prevention Strategies | OCRA

  https://ocrahope.org/for-patients/prevention-risk/

  Multiple pregnancies or having the first full-term pregnancy before age 26 decreases risk. […] Bilateral Salpingectomy prevents many high-grade serous carcinomas without inducing menopause, making it possible to preserve fertility through in vitro fertilization (IVF). […] Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy significantly reduces risk. […] Hysterectomy may reduce the risk of ovarian cancer by 33%, and tubal ligation by up to 67%. […] OCRA has spearheaded the promotion of new recommendations in the fight against ovarian and related gynecologic cancers by advocating for consideration of prophylactic surgery at the time of other planned pelvic surgery even for those at average risk, to potentially prevent the deadly disease. […] If you do know that you have a genetic mutation that places you at higher risk, you can discuss this with your doctor. You may get additional screenings, depending on the kind of cancer, or choose to adopt some lifestyle changes. And in the case of ovarian cancer, you may choose to take prophylactic actions, such as removing your fallopian tubes, or if past menopause and childbearing, a bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (removal of both ovaries and the fallopian tubes), that could greatly reduce your risk.

• #1 Can We Prevent Ovarian Cancer? | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/videos/can-we-prevent-ovarian-cancer

  Learn about a procedure thats 100% effective at preventing the most common form of ovarian cancer: a salpingectomy, or removal of the fallopian tubes. […] With no pronounced symptoms or tests to catch it early, ovarian cancer is usually detected in women with an average risk of cancer and in highly advanced stages. […] Drs. Long-Roche and Stone are advocating for salpingectomies to become routine in women who are seeking permanent birth control, and opportunistic at the time of other abdominal surgeries. […] But many women don’t know that we actually can prevent ovarian cancer. […] A simple procedure which takes minutes to perform, can save a woman’s life and prevent ovarian cancer completely. […] In women who are average-risk, not known to have a genetic risk for ovarian cancer, you could consider having your fallopian tubes removed as a preventative strategy.

• #1 Prevention and Early Detection – Ovarian Cancers – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK367614/

  Improving the prevention and early detection of ovarian carcinomas will be a critical component of reducing morbidity and mortality from ovarian cancer. […] This chapter discusses the genetic and nongenetic risk factors of the disease along with potential prevention strategies and methods for early detection and screening of ovarian cancer. […] The chapter also explains how gaps in knowledge about the basic biology of ovarian carcinomas hinder the development of better methods to prevent ovarian carcinomas or detect them at the earliest stage of disease progression. […] Women who test positive for germline genetic mutations associated with greatly increased risk for developing ovarian cancer may benefit from enhanced screening, risk-reducing prophylactic surgery, or chemoprevention. […] For instance, women with a known BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation who have prophylactic bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) can reduce their risk of ovarian cancer by more than 90 percent.

• #1 Salpingectomy for Ovarian Cancer Prevention

  https://www.sgo.org/resources/sgo-clinical-practice-statement-salpingectomy-for-ovarian-cancer-prevention/

  Salpingectomy may be appropriate and feasible as a strategy for ovarian cancer risk reduction. […] In BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline mutation carriers, surgical removal of the fallopian tubes and ovaries has been demonstrated to reduce the risk of developing, and dying from, ovarian cancer. […] Salpingectomy is an essential component to ovarian cancer risk-reducing surgery in high risk women. […] For women at population risk (average) for ovarian cancer, salpingectomy should be considered (after completion of childbearing) at the time of hysterectomy, in lieu of tubal ligation, and also at the time of other pelvic surgery. […] In summary, women who have BRCA1 or BRCA2 germline mutations should be counseled regarding bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, after completion of childbearing, as the best strategy for reducing their risk of developing ovarian cancer. […] Risk-reducing salpingectomy should also be discussed and considered with patients at the time of abdominal or pelvic surgery, hysterectomy or in lieu of tubal ligation.

• #1 Until There’s a Cure, Prevent Ovarian Cancer – Ovarian Cancer Research Alliance

  https://ocrahope.org/news/turning-point-in-ovarian-cancer-prevention/

  Today marks a turning point in our fight against ovarian cancer. As covered in The New York Times, we are launching an important campaign centered around two messages with proven outcomes: knowing ones risk, and taking preventative action. […] We know that people with a family history of ovarian, breast, colorectal and/or uterine cancers are at higher risk and that 20% of ovarian cancer patients have a genetic mutation. Identifying these at-risk individuals would allow them to consider prophylactic surgeries to prevent the disease before it starts. […] Research has shown that having the fallopian tubes removed when having another surgery such as a hysterectomy or tubal ligation, and leaving the ovaries intact, can be a primary prevention strategy for ovarian cancer. […] So a second chance to effect real change is to promote consideration of this surgery (opportunistic salpingectomy) at the time of another pelvic surgery in average-risk women. […] And now we have tools that can reduce the number of women ever diagnosed with ovarian cancer.

• #1 Ovarian Cancer Prevention With the Opportunistic Salpingectomy: An Opportunity for Multidisciplinary Collaboration

  https://www.onclive.com/view/ovarian-cancer-prevention-with-the-opportunistic-salpingectomy-an-opportunity-for-multidisciplinary-collaboration

  A new understanding of pathogenesis has given rise to a promising prevention strategy for women at an average risk of developing ovarian cancer through surgical removal of the fallopian tubes, referred to as an opportunistic salpingectomy. […] This implies that surgical removal of the fallopian tubes may prevent certain types of ovarian cancer. […] OS refers to the removal of fallopian tubes instead of tubal ligation, or during hysterectomy, while leaving the ovaries intact. Study findings suggest that OS is associated with an ovarian cancer risk reduction approaching 80%. […] A cost-analysis study looking at quality-adjusted life years has suggested that OS during nongynecologic surgeries can be a cost-effective strategy to prevent ovarian cancer among average-risk women. […] Despite the projected cancer prevention and population health benefits of OS during nongynecologic surgeries, these results have been seldom reported and surgeons rarely conduct the procedure outside early studies as there are currently no guidelines to rely upon.

• #1 Ovarian cancer prevention through opportunistic salpingectomy during abdominal surgeries: A cost-effectiveness modeling study | PLOS Medicine

  https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1004514

  Ovarian cancer prevention through opportunistic salpingectomy during abdominal surgeries: A cost-effectiveness modeling study […] There is indication that the fallopian tubes might be involved in ovarian cancer pathogenesis and their removal reduces cancer risk. Hence, bilateral salpingectomy during hysterectomy or sterilization, so called opportunistic salpingectomy (OS), is gaining wide acceptance as a preventive strategy. […] This modeling analysis evaluated the clinical and economic potential of OS at gynecologic and abdominal surgeries. […] Based on our model, interdisciplinary implementation of OS in any suitable abdominal surgeries could contribute to prevention of ovarian cancer and reduction of healthcare costs. […] The broader implementation approach demonstrated substantially better clinical and economic effectiveness and higher robustness with parameter variation.

• #1 Ovarian, Fallopian Tube, & Primary Peritoneal Cancers Prevention – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/ovarian/patient/ovarian-prevention-pdq

  Ovarian, fallopian tube, and primary peritoneal cancers are diseases in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the ovaries, fallopian tubes, or peritoneum. […] Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from cancer of the female reproductive system. […] Avoiding risk factors and increasing protective factors may help prevent cancer. […] The following are risk factors for ovarian, fallopian tube, and primary peritoneal cancers: Family history of ovarian, fallopian tube, and primary peritoneal cancers, Inherited risk, Hormone replacement therapy, Weight and height, Endometriosis. […] The following are protective factors for ovarian, fallopian tube, and primary peritoneal cancers: Oral contraceptives, Tubal ligation, Giving birth, Salpingectomy, Breastfeeding, Risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy.

• #1 Prevention & genetic mutations – Ovarian Cancer Canada

  https://ovariancanada.org/prevention-genetic-mutations

  If you have a family history of ovarian, breast, prostate, pancreatic, endometrial, or colorectal cancer on either side of your family, there is a possibility of a genetic mutation being passed from generation to generation. […] Certain genetic mutations, such as BRCA gene mutations, increase a persons risk of ovarian cancer and other diseases. […] If you have high grade serous ovarian cancer, it is important to talk to your doctor about whether you might have HBOC so you can address your risk of other cancers. […] If you do have HBOC, talk to your biological relatives so that they are aware that they are also at risk. […] If you have one of these types of ovarian cancer, it is important to talk to your doctor about whether you may have Lynch Syndrome so that you can assess your risk for other cancers, including colorectal and uterine cancer.

• #1 Ovarian Cancer Guidelines: Guidelines Summary, Risk Assessment and Genetic Counseling, Surgical Intervention for Ovarian Cancer Prevention

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/255771-guidelines

  Surgical Intervention for Ovarian Cancer Prevention: The NCCN recommends bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) for risk reduction in women with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations, ideally at the age of 35-40 years and upon completion of childbearing or at an individualized age based on earliest age of ovarian cancer diagnosed in the family. […] Both the USPSTF and ACOG also support offering salpingo-oophorectomy for risk reduction to women with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. […] ESMO guidelines concur and suggest that the surgery take place after age 35 and childbearing is completed. […] The NCCN guidelines also note that women considering RRSO should be made aware of the increased risk of osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease associated with premature menopause, as well as the potential effects of possible cognitive changes, accelerated bone loss, and vasomotor symptoms on quality of life.

• #1 Ovarian Cancer Guidelines: Guidelines Summary, Risk Assessment and Genetic Counseling, Surgical Intervention for Ovarian Cancer Prevention

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/255771-guidelines

  SGO guidelines are in agreement that women who have BRCA mutations should be offered RRSO, after completion of childbearing, as the best strategy for reducing their risk of developing ovarian cancer. […] The guidelines further recommend that for those women who choose not to undergo RRSO because of the health risks and impact on quality of life associated with premature menopause, physicians may offer the option of salpingectomy after childbearing is completed, followed by oophorectomy in the future. […] However, women who delay oophorectomy will remain at risk for developing ovarian cancer. […] Additionally, they will not benefit from the 50% reduction in breast cancer provided through premenopausal oophorectomy. […] For women at average risk of ovarian cancer, risk-reducing salpingectomy should also be considered at the time of abdominal or pelvic surgery or hysterectomy or in lieu of tubal ligation.

• #1 How to Prevent Ovarian Cancer and Reduce Risk

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/ovarian-cancer/prevention

  Although there is no known way to prevent ovarian cancer, there are ways to reduce your risk. […] While there is no known way to prevent ovarian cancer, there are steps women can take to reduce their risk. […] Certain ovarian cancer prevention strategies may actually raise the risk for other cancers in some women. […] Taking birth control pills may reduce ovarian cancer risk, both for people with an average risk and those who carry the BRCA gene mutation, which increases risk of ovarian cancer and breast cancer. […] However, birth control pills may slightly raise the risk for breast cancer both for people with an average risk and those who carry the BRCA mutation. […] Having both a tubal ligation and a hysterectomy may lower the risk of certain ovarian cancers, but these procedures are not recommended solely to reduce the risk of ovarian cancer unless indicated due to hereditary mutations.

• #1 Ovarian cancer prevention | Ovarian cancer information | Ovarian Cancer Action

  https://ovarian.org.uk/ovarian-cancer/ovarian-cancer-prevention/

  For women at high risk of ovarian cancer due to an inherited faulty gene like BRCA or Lynch syndrome, current advice is to consider having their ovaries and fallopian tubes removed which will reduce their risk of ovarian cancer by 95%. […] Lifestyle changes, like maintaining a healthy diet and taking regular exercise, can have a significant impact on reducing your risk of several types of cancer. […] Smoking is the biggest cause of cancer. […] Obesity causes more than 60 cases of cancer a day making it the second biggest cause of cancer in the UK after smoking. […] Its important to understand how other medical conditions and past cancer diagnoses may also put you at risk. […] Studies have shown that women with endometriosis or diabetes have an increased risk of ovarian cancer. […] Using hormone replacement therapy (HRT) during/ after menopause slightly increases the risk of ovarian cancer.

• #1 Ovarian Cancer Screening & Prevention | Nebraska Hematology Oncology – Cancer Care Treatment Blood Disorders Clinical Trials Lincoln Nebraska (NE)

  https://www.yourcancercare.com/types-of-cancer/ovarian-cancer/ovarian-cancer-screening-prevention

  Removal of the Ovaries: In women who have a strong family history of ovarian cancer or the presence of a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation, removal of the ovaries before cancer develops (prophylactic oophorectomy) can greatly reduce ovarian cancer risk. […] Oral contraceptives reduce the risk of ovarian cancer, and longer-term use provides a greater reduction in ovarian cancer risk than shorter-term use. […] Women are advised to follow general recommendations for a healthy diet: eat a diet that’s rich in whole grains, fruits, and vegetables; limit intake of red or processed meat; limit alcohol intake to one drink per day; and choose foods that help you maintain a healthy weight. […] Current recommendations suggest at least 30 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity on five or more days per week.

• #1 Ovarian Cancer Screening & Prevention | Nebraska Hematology Oncology – Cancer Care Treatment Blood Disorders Clinical Trials Lincoln Nebraska (NE)

  https://www.yourcancercare.com/types-of-cancer/ovarian-cancer/ovarian-cancer-screening-prevention

  The predictive value of screening may be greater for women who are at a high risk of developing ovarian cancer, but whether screening will allow for early detection and improve survival among such women remains unknown. […] Currently, the most widely utilized way to detect ovarian cancer is to undergo a complete gynecologic examination at least once per year. […] Women who experience these symptoms almost daily for more than a few weeks are encouraged to see a doctor, preferably a gynecologist. […] For women who have a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation, ovarian cancer screening using a combination of transvaginal ultrasound and serum CA-125 testing may be recommended, even in the absence of firm evidence that it reduces ovarian cancer mortality.

• #1 Ovarian Cancer Screening Guidelines | Mays Cancer Center

  https://cancer.uthscsa.edu/cancer-care/cancer-prevention-screenings/ovarian-cancer-screening-guidelines

  South Texas has unusually high rates of gynecological cancer, particularly in young women. Evidence shows certain factors, such as having BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutations, can increase your risk of developing ovarian cancer. […] At Mays Cancer Center, home to UT Health San Antonio MD Anderson Cancer Center, we offer comprehensive ovarian cancer screenings for women at increased risk. […] If you have an increased risk for ovarian cancer, your doctor may recommend regular screening for ovarian cancer, even if you have no symptoms. Screening may detect cancer at early stages so you can get treatment sooner. […] Right now, we recommend only women at high risk for ovarian cancer get screened. You should be screened if you have any of the following risk factors: […] If you have an increased ovarian cancer risk, we recommend you receive two screening tests once or twice a year. For patients who have BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations, we recommend these screening exams every six months:

• #1 Ovarian Cancer Risk Factors & Prevention | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/ovarian/risk-prevention

  There is no way to guarantee that you wont develop cancer in your ovaries, peritoneum (a layer of tissue that lines your abdomen), or fallopian tubes. […] Being aware of your risk level can help you make more-informed decisions about what to do to protect yourself and other family members. […] Approximately 5 to 10 percent of women diagnosed with ovarian cancer have inherited an increased risk for the disease, which means that the cancer runs in the family. Risk is increased if a blood relative such as a mother, sister, grandmother or aunt has had ovarian cancer. […] In addition to the basics of following a healthy lifestyle by eating well, staying active, and maintaining your target weight, factors that may lessen the risk for ovarian cancer include: […] The more full-term pregnancies a woman has had, the lower her risk of ovarian cancer.

• #1 Ovarian Cancer: Prevention | Saint Luke’s Health System

  https://www.saintlukeskc.org/health-library/ovarian-cancer-prevention

  Some people have a higher risk of ovarian cancer. What can you do to help protect yourself? There’s no sure way to prevent ovarian cancer. But there are some things you can do to reduce your risk. […] Let your healthcare provider know about your family health history. They might advise genetic counseling and testing to check for gene changes. These include changes on the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. Knowing your genetic risk can help you make informed decisions about your health. […] Using birth control pills for a long time (5 years or more) lowers your risk of ovarian cancer. The longer you use them, the lower your risk becomes. This protection can last even after you stop taking the pills. Also having a full-term pregnancy lowers your risk. […] Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is often used for menopause symptoms. But using HRT may raise your risk of ovarian cancer.

• #1 Ovarian cancer – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ovarian-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20375941

  There’s no sure way to prevent ovarian cancer. But there may be ways to reduce your risk: […] Consider taking birth control pills. Ask your doctor whether birth control pills (oral contraceptives) may be right for you. Taking birth control pills reduces the risk of ovarian cancer. But these medications do have risks, so discuss whether the benefits outweigh those risks based on your situation. […] Discuss your risk factors with your doctor. If you have a family history of breast and ovarian cancers, bring this up with your doctor. Your doctor can determine what this may mean for your own risk of cancer. You may be referred to a genetic counselor who can help you decide whether genetic testing may be right for you. If you’re found to have a gene change that increases your risk of ovarian cancer, you may consider surgery to remove your ovaries to prevent cancer.

• #1 Ovarian, Fallopian Tube, & Primary Peritoneal Cancers Prevention – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/ovarian/patient/ovarian-prevention-pdq

  Cancer prevention clinical trials are used to study ways to prevent cancer. […] New ways to prevent ovarian, fallopian tube, and primary peritoneal cancers are being studied in clinical trials. […] Avoiding cancer risk factors may help prevent certain cancers. Risk factors include smoking, having overweight, and not getting enough exercise. Increasing protective factors such as quitting smoking and exercising may also help prevent some cancers. Talk to your doctor or other health care professional about how you might lower your risk of cancer. […] Taking oral contraceptives („the pill”) lowers the risk of ovarian cancer. The longer oral contraceptives are used, the lower the risk may be. The decrease in risk may last up to 30 years after a woman has stopped taking oral contraceptives.

• #1

  https://journals.lww.com/greenjournal/fulltext/2018/05000/ovarian_cancer_prevention_and_screening.22.aspx

  There has been much progress in ovarian cancer screening and prevention in recent years. Improved tools that combine genetic and epidemiologic factors to predict an individual’s ovarian cancer risk are set to become available for tailoring preventive and screening approaches. […] The increasing evidence on tubal origins of a proportion of ovarian cancer has paved the way to use of opportunistic bilateral salpingectomy at tubal ligation and hysterectomy in the general population. Clinical trials are in progress to estimate the long-term effects on endocrine function. In women at high risk, risk reducing salpingo-oophorectomy remains the standard of care with the current focus on management of resulting noncancer outcomes, especially sexual dysfunction in younger women. This has led to evaluation of early bilateral salpingectomy and delayed oophorectomy in this population. Meanwhile, modeling suggests that BRCA mutation carriers should consider using the oral contraceptive pill for chemoprevention.

• #1

  https://winshipcancer.emory.edu/cancer-types-and-treatments/ovarian-cancer/prevention.php

  If ovarian, breast or colorectal cancer runs in your family, talk to your doctor about genetic counseling and testing. Working with a genetic counselor can help determine whether you have inherited gene mutations that increase your risk for ovarian cancer. […] Scientists are still trying to understand what causes ovarian cancer and how it can be prevented. That’s why Winship is involved in research to develop effective screening tests and prevention guidelines.

• #1 Oxford researchers secure funding for world’s first ovarian cancer prevention vaccine | University of Oxford

  https://www.ox.ac.uk/news/2024-10-04-oxford-researchers-secure-funding-worlds-first-ovarian-cancer-prevention-vaccine

  Researchers have been awarded funding from Cancer Research UK to create the worlds first vaccine to prevent ovarian cancer. […] Scientists at the University of Oxford are designing OvarianVax, a vaccine which teaches the immune system to recognise and attack the earliest stages of ovarian cancer. […] The hope is that in the future, women could be offered this vaccine to prevent ovarian cancer in the first place. […] We need better strategies to prevent ovarian cancer. […] OvarianVax could offer the solution to prevent cancer, firstly in women at high risk but also more widely if trials prove successful. […] This funding is an exciting step towards a world where doctors can prevent ovarian cancer at an early stage, rather than treating it once the disease has already taken hold. […] Projects like OvarianVax are a really important step forward into an exciting future, where cancer is much more preventable.

• #2 What doctors wish patients knew about ovarian cancer prevention | American Medical Association

  https://www.ama-assn.org/delivering-care/public-health/what-doctors-wish-patients-knew-about-ovarian-cancer-prevention

  Ovarian cancer affects one or both ovaries. While it is not common, it is the top cause of deaths from any gynecologic cancer in the United States, according to the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology. This may be because ovarian cancer often goes undetected until it is in an advanced stage. Occurring most commonly in women between the ages of 50 and 65, what is known about risk factors has not translated into practical ways to prevent ovarian cancer. […] There’s no known way to prevent ovarian cancer but there are things that have been associated with a lower chance of getting ovarian cancer, said Dr. Heshmati. Breastfeeding for a year or more appears to modestly reduce the risk of ovarian cancer. Additionally, having given birth, using birth control pills for more than five years, and certain gynecologic surgeries also have been associated with lower rates of ovarian cancer, he said.

• #2 Ovarian Cancer Screening & Prevention | Nebraska Hematology Oncology – Cancer Care Treatment Blood Disorders Clinical Trials Lincoln Nebraska (NE)

  https://www.yourcancercare.com/types-of-cancer/ovarian-cancer/ovarian-cancer-screening-prevention

  Information about the prevention of cancer and the science of screening appropriate individuals at high risk of developing cancer is gaining interest. […] Ovarian cancer has the highest mortality rate of all gynecologic cancers. […] An estimated 5-10% of ovarian cancers are due to inherited gene mutations. […] Preventive surgery to remove the ovaries before cancer develops is one approach to reduce the risk of ovarian cancer among women at high risk of the disease. […] Factors linked with a reduced risk of ovarian cancer include use of oral contraceptives; tubal sterilization (tubal ligation); and an increasing number of full-term pregnancies. […] Research into the risk factors for ovarian cancer has provided important clues about steps women can take to reduce their risk of the disease.

• #2 Ovarian Cancer Risk Factors & Prevention | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/ovarian/risk-prevention

  The longer a woman takes birth control pills, the more she’s protected against developing ovarian cancer. This protection appears to last for many years after last taking the pill. […] Having your tubes tied may lower your risk for ovarian cancer, but MSK experts emphasize that the procedure should be performed with the intention of preventing pregnancy not reducing ovarian cancer risk. […] Some women at high risk for ovarian cancer as a result of a family history decide to have surgery to remove the ovaries and fallopian tubes, in an effort to prevent the disease. […] Our genetics counselors may also recommend prevention strategies for women at high risk.

• #2 Ovarian Cancer Risk Factors & Prevention Strategies | OCRA

  https://ocrahope.org/for-patients/prevention-risk/

  Multiple pregnancies or having the first full-term pregnancy before age 26 decreases risk. […] Bilateral Salpingectomy prevents many high-grade serous carcinomas without inducing menopause, making it possible to preserve fertility through in vitro fertilization (IVF). […] Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy significantly reduces risk. […] Hysterectomy may reduce the risk of ovarian cancer by 33%, and tubal ligation by up to 67%. […] OCRA has spearheaded the promotion of new recommendations in the fight against ovarian and related gynecologic cancers by advocating for consideration of prophylactic surgery at the time of other planned pelvic surgery even for those at average risk, to potentially prevent the deadly disease. […] If you do know that you have a genetic mutation that places you at higher risk, you can discuss this with your doctor. You may get additional screenings, depending on the kind of cancer, or choose to adopt some lifestyle changes. And in the case of ovarian cancer, you may choose to take prophylactic actions, such as removing your fallopian tubes, or if past menopause and childbearing, a bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (removal of both ovaries and the fallopian tubes), that could greatly reduce your risk.

• #2 What doctors wish patients knew about ovarian cancer prevention | American Medical Association

  https://www.ama-assn.org/delivering-care/public-health/what-doctors-wish-patients-knew-about-ovarian-cancer-prevention

  The most important preventive thing that a person can do is have annual exams with a primary care physician, said Dr. Wilson. Call your doctor right away if you have symptoms and just stay in good general health. […] For those at routine risk of ovarian cancer, there isn’t a recommended screening test, and no screening strategy has been shown to reduce the risk of death from ovarian cancer, said Dr. Heshmati. […] A round 1.2% of women will develop ovarian cancer sometime during their life, Dr. Heshmati said, noting there is no way to know for sure who will get ovarian cancer. […] Giving birth and breastfeeding both decrease the risk of ovarian cancer, said Dr. Wilson. And it’s not just the fact that a person has given birth, which in and of itself reduces the risk of ovarian cancer. But breastfeeding, independent of getting pregnant, reduces the risk as well, he added.

• #2 What doctors wish patients knew about ovarian cancer prevention | American Medical Association

  https://www.ama-assn.org/delivering-care/public-health/what-doctors-wish-patients-knew-about-ovarian-cancer-prevention

  Interestingly, it’s like if you keep those ovaries quiet, they won’t be percolating and doing negative things, said Dr. Wilson. So, the birth control pills—the combination oral estrogen-progestin pills—essentially put the ovaries on hold during the time period in which they are being used. You can’t get pregnant, but the pill has been shown to decrease the risk of ovarian cancer, he added. […] If you want to have the tubal ligation be a form of prevention, you must remove the entire fallopian tubes bilaterally, said Dr. Wilson. Removing both fallopian tubes may be preventative and certainly removing the ovaries is preventative. […] If someone is considered high risk for ovarian cancer based on that history, additional testing can be done to identify if there is a hereditary syndrome such as BRCA or Lynch present which places someone at higher risk, said Dr. Heshmati. […] In the cases where those syndromes are identified, additional screening or even preventative surgery may be recommended, Dr. Heshmati said.

• #2 Prevention and Early Detection – Ovarian Cancers – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK367614/

  Tubal ligation, a surgical procedure in which the fallopian tubes are tied or blocked in such a way that eggs released from the ovary cannot reach the uterus, reduces the risk for ovarian cancer in both high-genetic-risk and average-genetic-risk populations. […] One meta-analysis found that the risk for ovarian cancer for women who underwent tubal ligation dropped by 33 percent compared with women who did not undergo surgery. […] Women who have undergone a hysterectomy, the surgical removal of the uterus, have a lower risk of ovarian cancer. […] A hysterectomy may prevent ovarian cancer by limiting the ability of endometriotic tissue to access the fallopian tubes and the ovaries through retrograde menstruation, thereby stopping the associated inflammation and protumorigenic environment. […] One of the primary alternatives to surgical intervention for the prevention of ovarian cancer is use of hormone-modulating prescription drugs such as OCs. […] The SGO has stated that OCs reduce the risk of ovarian cancer for average-risk women and BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers.

• #2 Ovarian cancer prevention | Ovarian cancer information | Ovarian Cancer Action

  https://ovarian.org.uk/ovarian-cancer/ovarian-cancer-prevention/

  Having children seems to reduce the risk of ovarian cancer. The more children you have, the lower the risk. […] Breastfeeding is linked to a reduction in the risk of ovarian cancer. […] Surgery to remove both ovaries and fallopian tubes (called bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy or BSO) is estimated to reduce the risk of ovarian cancer by 95%. […] Many women have a hysterectomy (surgical removal of your womb) due to issues such as fibroids, prolapse, or endometriosis/ adenomyosis. […] Studies of women who underwent tubal ligation (tying the tubes) to avoid future pregnancies suggest their future risks of ovarian cancer dropped by 25% to 65% compared to their peers. […] The surgical removal of fallopian tubes in a procedure known as a salpingectomy may prevent the most common subtype of ovarian cancer from developing.

• #2 Opportunistic Salpingectomy as a Strategy for Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Prevention | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/committee-opinion/articles/2019/04/opportunistic-salpingectomy-as-a-strategy-for-epithelial-ovarian-cancer-prevention

  Opportunistic salpingectomy may offer obstetriciangynecologists and other health care providers the opportunity to decrease the risk of ovarian cancer in their patients who are already undergoing pelvic surgery for benign disease. […] By performing salpingectomy when patients undergo an operation during which the fallopian tubes could be removed in addition to the primary surgical procedure (eg, hysterectomy), the risk of ovarian cancer is reduced. […] Although opportunistic salpingectomy offers the opportunity to significantly decrease the risk of ovarian cancer, it does not eliminate the risk of ovarian cancer entirely. […] Counseling women who are undergoing routine pelvic surgery about the risks and benefits of salpingectomy should include an informed consent discussion about the role of oophorectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy.

• #2 Should Women Have Surgery to Prevent Ovarian Cancer? | Columbia University Irving Medical Center

  https://www.cuimc.columbia.edu/news/should-women-have-surgery-prevent-ovarian-cancer

  Most women, when given the option, appear to be choosing the procedure. […] No one is recommending that all women remove their fallopian tubes just for the sake of reducing their cancer risk, Hou says. But if you’re already having a hysterectomy or tubal ligation for any reason, removing the fallopian tubes at the same time minimally affects surgical risk. It’s a safe procedure with a lot of added potential benefit. […] The benefit is still theoretical because prospective clinical trials have not been conducted to confirm that the surgery is effective in reducing the incidence of ovarian cancer. […] If those studies are accurate, however, the surgery could reduce the risk of ovarian cancer by around 42% to 65%, though the women in these studies had their fallopian tubes removed for other medical reasons.

• #2 Opportunistic Salpingectomy as a Strategy for Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Prevention | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/committee-opinion/articles/2019/04/opportunistic-salpingectomy-as-a-strategy-for-epithelial-ovarian-cancer-prevention

  Salpingectomy at the time of hysterectomy or as a means of tubal sterilization appears to be safe and does not increase the risk of complications such as blood transfusions, readmissions, postoperative complications, infections, or fever compared with hysterectomy alone or tubal ligation. […] The risks and benefits of salpingectomy should be discussed with patients who desire permanent sterilization. […] Plans to perform an opportunistic salpingectomy should not alter the intended route of hysterectomy. […] The surgeon and patient should discuss the potential benefits of the removal of the fallopian tubes during a hysterectomy in women at population risk of ovarian cancer who are not having an oophorectomy. […] Given current theories of ovarian carcinogenesis, ovarian conservation and salpingectomy may represent a better option than bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for ovarian cancer risk reduction for most women undergoing other pelvic surgeries for benign disease.

• #2 Salpingectomy for Ovarian Cancer Prevention

  https://www.sgo.org/resources/sgo-clinical-practice-statement-salpingectomy-for-ovarian-cancer-prevention/

  Salpingectomy may be appropriate and feasible as a strategy for ovarian cancer risk reduction. […] In BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline mutation carriers, surgical removal of the fallopian tubes and ovaries has been demonstrated to reduce the risk of developing, and dying from, ovarian cancer. […] Salpingectomy is an essential component to ovarian cancer risk-reducing surgery in high risk women. […] For women at population risk (average) for ovarian cancer, salpingectomy should be considered (after completion of childbearing) at the time of hysterectomy, in lieu of tubal ligation, and also at the time of other pelvic surgery. […] In summary, women who have BRCA1 or BRCA2 germline mutations should be counseled regarding bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, after completion of childbearing, as the best strategy for reducing their risk of developing ovarian cancer. […] Risk-reducing salpingectomy should also be discussed and considered with patients at the time of abdominal or pelvic surgery, hysterectomy or in lieu of tubal ligation.

• #2 Ovarian cancer prevention through opportunistic salpingectomy during abdominal surgeries: A cost-effectiveness modeling study | PLOS Medicine

  https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1004514

  Ovarian cancer prevention through opportunistic salpingectomy during abdominal surgeries: A cost-effectiveness modeling study […] There is indication that the fallopian tubes might be involved in ovarian cancer pathogenesis and their removal reduces cancer risk. Hence, bilateral salpingectomy during hysterectomy or sterilization, so called opportunistic salpingectomy (OS), is gaining wide acceptance as a preventive strategy. […] This modeling analysis evaluated the clinical and economic potential of OS at gynecologic and abdominal surgeries. […] Based on our model, interdisciplinary implementation of OS in any suitable abdominal surgeries could contribute to prevention of ovarian cancer and reduction of healthcare costs. […] The broader implementation approach demonstrated substantially better clinical and economic effectiveness and higher robustness with parameter variation.

• #2 Ovarian, Fallopian Tube, & Primary Peritoneal Cancers Prevention (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/ovarian/hp/ovarian-prevention-pdq

  Ovarian cancer is a rare disease, with carcinomas comprising approximately 90% of tumors and germ cell and stromal tumors accounting for the remainder. Ovarian carcinoma is a disease that predominantly affects postmenopausal women. […] Risk factors for ovarian cancer include a family history of breast and/or ovarian cancer and inheritance of deleterious mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2, and selected other high-penetrance genes. […] Based on solid evidence, women with a family history of ovarian cancer, especially in a first-degree relative, and those with an inherited predisposition to ovarian cancer, such as a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation, have an increased risk of developing ovarian cancer. […] Based on fair evidence, self-reported and laparoscopically confirmed endometriosis is associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer.

• #2 Prevention & genetic mutations – Ovarian Cancer Canada

  https://ovariancanada.org/prevention-genetic-mutations

  If you have a family history of ovarian, breast, prostate, pancreatic, endometrial, or colorectal cancer on either side of your family, there is a possibility of a genetic mutation being passed from generation to generation. […] Certain genetic mutations, such as BRCA gene mutations, increase a persons risk of ovarian cancer and other diseases. […] If you have high grade serous ovarian cancer, it is important to talk to your doctor about whether you might have HBOC so you can address your risk of other cancers. […] If you do have HBOC, talk to your biological relatives so that they are aware that they are also at risk. […] If you have one of these types of ovarian cancer, it is important to talk to your doctor about whether you may have Lynch Syndrome so that you can assess your risk for other cancers, including colorectal and uterine cancer.

• #2 Ovarian Cancer Screening Guidelines | Mays Cancer Center

  https://cancer.uthscsa.edu/cancer-care/cancer-prevention-screenings/ovarian-cancer-screening-guidelines

  South Texas has unusually high rates of gynecological cancer, particularly in young women. Evidence shows certain factors, such as having BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutations, can increase your risk of developing ovarian cancer. […] At Mays Cancer Center, home to UT Health San Antonio MD Anderson Cancer Center, we offer comprehensive ovarian cancer screenings for women at increased risk. […] If you have an increased risk for ovarian cancer, your doctor may recommend regular screening for ovarian cancer, even if you have no symptoms. Screening may detect cancer at early stages so you can get treatment sooner. […] Right now, we recommend only women at high risk for ovarian cancer get screened. You should be screened if you have any of the following risk factors: […] If you have an increased ovarian cancer risk, we recommend you receive two screening tests once or twice a year. For patients who have BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations, we recommend these screening exams every six months:

• #2 Ovarian, Fallopian Tube, & Primary Peritoneal Cancers Prevention (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/ovarian/hp/ovarian-prevention-pdq

  Based on fair evidence, current or recent hormone therapy is associated with a small increased risk of ovarian cancer. […] Based on fair evidence, increases in height and body mass index (BMI) are associated with a modest increased risk of ovarian cancer. […] Based on solid evidence, oral contraceptive use is associated with a decreased risk of developing ovarian cancer. […] Based on solid evidence, tubal ligation is associated with a decreased risk of ovarian cancer. […] Based on good evidence, multiparity is associated with a decreased risk of ovarian cancer. […] Based on solid evidence, breastfeeding is associated with a decreased risk of ovarian cancer. […] Based on solid evidence, risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy is associated with a decreased risk of ovarian cancer.

• #2 Prevention and Early Detection – Ovarian Cancers – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK367614/

  Improving the prevention and early detection of ovarian carcinomas will be a critical component of reducing morbidity and mortality from ovarian cancer. […] This chapter discusses the genetic and nongenetic risk factors of the disease along with potential prevention strategies and methods for early detection and screening of ovarian cancer. […] The chapter also explains how gaps in knowledge about the basic biology of ovarian carcinomas hinder the development of better methods to prevent ovarian carcinomas or detect them at the earliest stage of disease progression. […] Women who test positive for germline genetic mutations associated with greatly increased risk for developing ovarian cancer may benefit from enhanced screening, risk-reducing prophylactic surgery, or chemoprevention. […] For instance, women with a known BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation who have prophylactic bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) can reduce their risk of ovarian cancer by more than 90 percent.

• #2 Prevention and Early Detection – Ovarian Cancers – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK367614/

  Most medical strategies designed to prevent the occurrence of ovarian cancer are structured around modulating female hormone cycles and the surgical removal or modification of gynecological tract components, including the fallopian tubes (salpingectomy), ovaries (oophorectomy), and uterus (hysterectomy). […] BSO, also known as risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO), is the surgical removal of the fallopian tubes and ovaries, which dramatically reduces the risk of ovarian cancer in women at average risk and high risk due to inherited genetic susceptibility. […] To avoid the long-term complications associated with removing the ovaries, BSOR, a surgical procedure that removes the fallopian tubes but leaves the ovaries intact, may prove to be a valuable option for women at risk for developing ovarian cancer. […] Recent population-based studies suggest that salpingectomy may reduce the incidence of ovarian cancer in the general population.

• #2 How to Prevent Ovarian Cancer | Oral Contraceptives & Ovarian Cancer | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/ovarian-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/prevention.html

  Both tubal ligation and hysterectomy may reduce the chance of developing certain types of ovarian cancer, but experts agree that these operations should only be done for valid medical reasons — not for their effect on ovarian cancer risk. […] If your family history suggests that you (or a close relative) might have a syndrome linked with a high risk of ovarian cancer, you might want to consider genetic counseling and testing. […] Using oral contraceptives is one way that high risk women (women with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations) can reduce their risk of developing ovarian cancer. […] Tubal ligation may also effectively reduce the risk of ovarian cancer in women who have BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. […] Sometimes a woman may want to consider having both ovaries and fallopian tubes removed (called a bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy) to reduce her risk of ovarian cancer before cancer is even suspected.

• #2 Ovarian Cancer Screening & Prevention | Nebraska Hematology Oncology – Cancer Care Treatment Blood Disorders Clinical Trials Lincoln Nebraska (NE)

  https://www.yourcancercare.com/types-of-cancer/ovarian-cancer/ovarian-cancer-screening-prevention

  Removal of the Ovaries: In women who have a strong family history of ovarian cancer or the presence of a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation, removal of the ovaries before cancer develops (prophylactic oophorectomy) can greatly reduce ovarian cancer risk. […] Oral contraceptives reduce the risk of ovarian cancer, and longer-term use provides a greater reduction in ovarian cancer risk than shorter-term use. […] Women are advised to follow general recommendations for a healthy diet: eat a diet that’s rich in whole grains, fruits, and vegetables; limit intake of red or processed meat; limit alcohol intake to one drink per day; and choose foods that help you maintain a healthy weight. […] Current recommendations suggest at least 30 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity on five or more days per week.

• #2 Ovarian cancer | World Cancer Research Fund

  https://www.wcrf.org/preventing-cancer/cancer-types/ovarian-cancer/

  Ovarian cancer is the 14th most common cancer in the UK (2021 data), and the 18th most common in the world (2022 data). […] Women living with overweight or obesity have a higher risk of ovarian cancer. […] Smoking tobacco increases the risk of ovarian cancer. […] Taking hormone replacement therapy (HRT) slightly increases the risk of ovarian cancer, but the risk decreases gradually once you stop. […] Women with a family history of ovarian or bowel cancer have a higher risk of ovarian cancer. […] The risk of ovarian cancer is affected by how many periods a woman has during her lifetime. […] Having children, having your first period after the age of 12, and having your menopause before the age of 55 all decrease the risk of ovarian cancer, because they all decrease the number of menstrual cycles a woman has.

• #2 Prevention, Treatment & Survival : About Ovarian Cancer : What We Do : Ovarian Cancer Alliance of Ohio

  https://ocao.org/what-we-do/about-ovarian-cancer/prevention-treatment-survival.html

  There are many benefits of being active weight loss, stronger muscles, increased energy, stress relief but can exercise prevent, treat and help women deal with ovarian cancer? New studies show that exercise can cut ovarian cancer risks, boost energy during cancer treatment, and help fatigue and sleep in cancer survivors. […] A Canadian study in The International Journal of Cancers online edition, suggests that women who participated in the highest levels of moderate-intensity exercise had a decreased risk of ovarian cancer compared to women with lower levels of moderate-intensity activity, (Hitti, WebMD Health News). […] In another study performed at the Canadian National Enhanced Cancer Surveillance System (NECSS), doctors examined over 400 women with ovarian cancer and over 2100 healthy women to study the role of physical activity and the risk of developing ovarian cancer, (Stoppler/Shiel, MedicineNet.com). The study found that women who were moderately active, and/or who held jobs that kept them active, had a reduced risk for the development of ovarian cancer when compared to non-active women.

• #2 Ovarian Cancer Prevention: What You Can Do

  https://www.healthcarehighways.com/about-us/health-blogs/ovarian-cancer-prevention-what-you-can-do

  According to the American Cancer Society, about 19,710 women will receive a new diagnosis of ovarian cancer in 2023. […] While it’s impossible to completely eliminate the risk of developing ovarian cancer, there are some proactive measures you can take to minimize your chances. […] Taking birth control pills: Women who take birth control pills for five or more years have a lower risk of developing ovarian cancer. […] Having your ovaries and fallopian tubes removed: If you are high risk, your doctor may recommend that you have your ovaries and fallopian tubes removed. This major surgery can significantly reduce your risk of developing ovarian cancer. […] Maintaining a healthy weight/being physically active: Being overweight or obese increases your risk of ovarian cancer. […] Eating a healthy diet: Eating a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains may help reduce your risk of ovarian cancer.

• #2 Ovarian Cancer Prevention: How To Lower Your Risk | MyOvarianCancerTeam

  https://www.myovariancancerteam.com/resources/ovarian-cancer-prevention-how-to-lower-your-risk

  Excess body weight can contribute to high inflammation levels that increase the risk of several forms of cancer. […] Eating plenty of fruits and vegetables, avoiding refined sugars, and living an active lifestyle are all positive steps to lower your risk of ovarian cancer and other diseases. […] For those with a significantly high risk of ovarian cancer such as people with genetic indicators and a history of related conditions like Lynch syndrome, breast cancer, or endometriosis surgical removal of the ovaries and fallopian tubes may be recommended. […] This type of preventive surgery to remove the ovaries can reduce the chance of getting ovarian cancer by up to 95 percent.

• #2 Ovarian Cancer Screening & Prevention | Nebraska Hematology Oncology – Cancer Care Treatment Blood Disorders Clinical Trials Lincoln Nebraska (NE)

  https://www.yourcancercare.com/types-of-cancer/ovarian-cancer/ovarian-cancer-screening-prevention

  The predictive value of screening may be greater for women who are at a high risk of developing ovarian cancer, but whether screening will allow for early detection and improve survival among such women remains unknown. […] Currently, the most widely utilized way to detect ovarian cancer is to undergo a complete gynecologic examination at least once per year. […] Women who experience these symptoms almost daily for more than a few weeks are encouraged to see a doctor, preferably a gynecologist. […] For women who have a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation, ovarian cancer screening using a combination of transvaginal ultrasound and serum CA-125 testing may be recommended, even in the absence of firm evidence that it reduces ovarian cancer mortality.

• #2 Taking Charge: If You Are at High Risk for Ovarian Cancer | UCSF Medical

  https://www.ucsfhealth.org/education/taking-charge-if-you-are-at-high-risk-for-ovarian-cancer

  If you have an increased risk of developing ovarian cancer, your doctor may periodically order a blood test that has shown some usefulness in finding epithelial ovarian cancer. It measures a substance in the blood called CA-125. Unfortunately, this test is not very specific. Levels of CA-125 may be elevated in women who do not have ovarian cancer, or they may be low in women who do. […] Many cases of familial epithelial ovarian cancer that result from inherited abnormalities in the gene (genetic mutations) can be identified by genetic testing. Inherited mutations of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes account for about 5 percent to 10 percent of breast and ovarian cancers. […] Taking birth control pills may decrease ovarian cancer in women at high risk possibly reducing the cancer risk by half. […] Sometimes high-risk women elect to have both ovaries removed before cancer occurs. This surgery (prophylactic oophorectomy) is usually recommended only for very high-risk women who have completed their child-bearing, because it causes premature menopause.

• #2 Ovarian Cancer Prevention: What You Can Do

  https://www.healthcarehighways.com/about-us/health-blogs/ovarian-cancer-prevention-what-you-can-do

  Transvaginal ultrasound: This test uses sound waves to create images of the ovaries and fallopian tubes. […] Ovarian cancer is a severe illness. However, there are steps you can take to decrease your chances of getting it and identify the disease early. If you have any concerns or questions about your personal risk factors, don’t hesitate to speak with your healthcare provider. They possess the expertise and insights to guide you on the most appropriate preventive measures and screenings tailored to your unique circumstances.

• #2 Statement from the Prevent Cancer Foundation on ovarian cancer prevention guidance – Prevent Cancer Foundation

  https://preventcancer.org/news/statement-from-the-prevent-cancer-foundation-on-ovarian-cancer-prevention-guidance/

  Research supports the recommendation that some people at high risk for ovarian cancer should have their ovaries and fallopian tubes surgically removed (salpingo-oophorectomy) if they are finished or are not having children. […] The Prevent Cancer Foundation encourages everyone to be active participants in their health, including maintaining an awareness of your cancer risk based on your family and personal health histories, lifestyle choices and other factors, and the steps you can take to reduce that risk. Learn your family health history and talk to your health care provider.

• #2 Prevention & genetic mutations – Ovarian Cancer Canada

  https://ovariancanada.org/prevention-genetic-mutations

  To know for sure, be sure to talk to your doctor about getting a genetic test. […] If you test positive for a genetic mutation that increases your risk of ovarian cancer, it is very important to talk to your doctor about how to reduce your risk. One way to significantly reduce your risk of ovarian cancer is to have a surgery called a risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO). […] If your doctor tells you that you are not eligible for genetic testing, there are options available to you. […] If you test positive for a genetic mutation that increases your risk of ovarian cancer, it is very important to talk to your doctor about how to reduce your risk.

• #2

  https://journals.lww.com/greenjournal/fulltext/2018/05000/ovarian_cancer_prevention_and_screening.22.aspx

  Advances in ovarian cancer prevention and screening include improved risk prediction models, mounting use of bilateral salpingectomy, proven stage shift with multimodal screening, superior performance of longitudinal biomarker algorithms compared with cutoffs, and an increasing focus on tumor DNA in both blood and novel specimens such as cervical cytology samples.

• #2

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11912-024-01587-6

  To describe current and future strategies to reduce the burden of ovarian cancer through prevention. […] Current strategies in genetic testing are missing a substantial number of individuals at risk, representing a missed opportunity for ovarian cancer prevention. […] Surgical prevention is highly effective, but surgical menopause from oophorectomy has significant side effects. […] To maximize ovarian cancer prevention, a multi-pronged approach is needed. We propose that more inclusive and accurate genetic testing to identify more individuals at risk, novel molecular screening and early detection, surgical prevention that maximizes quality of life while reducing risk, and broader adoption of targeted and opportunistic salpingectomy will together reduce the burden of ovarian cancer.

• #2 Developing the world’s first ovarian cancer prevention vaccine

  https://www.drugtargetreview.com/news/153551/developing-the-worlds-first-ovarian-cancer-prevention-vaccine/

  Cancer Research UK-funded researchers aim to identify targets for an ovarian cancer vaccine, which could prevent the disease at an early stage. […] The team hope to discover which surface proteins on early-stage ovarian cancer cells are most strongly recognised by the immune system, as well as how effectively the vaccine kills ovarian cancer organoids. This work may result in clinical trials of the vaccine and ultimately prevention of ovarian cancer. […] OvarianVax could offer the solution to prevent cancer, firstly in women at high risk but also more widely if trials prove successful. […] Although it will take many years for the vaccine to be developed and widely available to women at risk of ovarian cancer, the funding is a key step towards a world where clinicians can prevent ovarian cancer at an early stage.

• #2 Ovarian Cancer Prevention With the Opportunistic Salpingectomy: An Opportunity for Multidisciplinary Collaboration

  https://www.onclive.com/view/ovarian-cancer-prevention-with-the-opportunistic-salpingectomy-an-opportunity-for-multidisciplinary-collaboration

  If achieved, widespread implementation of OS holds the potential to reduce ovarian cancer mortality in the United States by 15%the equivalent of thousands of lives saved. […] The future widespread implementation of the OS serves as an opportunity for fellows across different surgical specialtiesincluding but not limited to gynecologic, colorectal, general, urologic, and hepatobiliaryto collaborate.

• #2 An epigenetic hypothesis for ovarian cancer prevention by oral contraceptive pill use | Clinical Epigenetics | Full Text

  https://clinicalepigeneticsjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13148-023-01584-9

  A meta-analysis showed that OC incidence was reduced by as much as 50% in oral contraceptive users after 10 years of use. […] COCPs are unquestionably the strongest protective factor and play an important role in preventing ovarian cancer. […] Substantial reduction in epithelial ovarian cancer risk was observed among women who used OCs for 1 year if they were recent users (time since first or last OC use within 20 years), each year of OC use provided an average 5% reduction in the odds ratio. […] The greatest reduction in risk was observed in women who started OC use before age 20 years and stopped after age 30 years. […] Most studies confirmed that protective effect of COCPs increases with the longer duration of use (about 20% decrease in risk for each 5 years) that, interestingly, persists for the decades after cessation.

• #2 Ovarian Cancer Guidelines: Guidelines Summary, Risk Assessment and Genetic Counseling, Surgical Intervention for Ovarian Cancer Prevention

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/255771-guidelines

  Surgical Intervention for Ovarian Cancer Prevention: The NCCN recommends bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) for risk reduction in women with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations, ideally at the age of 35-40 years and upon completion of childbearing or at an individualized age based on earliest age of ovarian cancer diagnosed in the family. […] Both the USPSTF and ACOG also support offering salpingo-oophorectomy for risk reduction to women with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. […] ESMO guidelines concur and suggest that the surgery take place after age 35 and childbearing is completed. […] The NCCN guidelines also note that women considering RRSO should be made aware of the increased risk of osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease associated with premature menopause, as well as the potential effects of possible cognitive changes, accelerated bone loss, and vasomotor symptoms on quality of life.

• #2 Ovarian cancer | World Cancer Research Fund

  https://www.wcrf.org/preventing-cancer/cancer-types/ovarian-cancer/

  Oral contraceptives reduce the risk of ovarian cancer. […] Sterilisation (tubal ligation) also reduces the risk of ovarian cancer. […] Following our Cancer Prevention Recommendations reduces your risk of ovarian cancer. […] Reaching and staying at a healthy weight can reduce your risk of ovarian cancer, many other cancers, and other diseases. […] You can reduce your risk of ovarian cancer by not smoking.

• #3 An epigenetic hypothesis for ovarian cancer prevention by oral contraceptive pill use | Clinical Epigenetics | Full Text

  https://clinicalepigeneticsjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13148-023-01584-9

  A meta-analysis showed that OC incidence was reduced by as much as 50% in oral contraceptive users after 10 years of use. […] COCPs are unquestionably the strongest protective factor and play an important role in preventing ovarian cancer. […] Substantial reduction in epithelial ovarian cancer risk was observed among women who used OCs for 1 year if they were recent users (time since first or last OC use within 20 years), each year of OC use provided an average 5% reduction in the odds ratio. […] The greatest reduction in risk was observed in women who started OC use before age 20 years and stopped after age 30 years. […] Most studies confirmed that protective effect of COCPs increases with the longer duration of use (about 20% decrease in risk for each 5 years) that, interestingly, persists for the decades after cessation.

• #3 Ovarian cancer prevention | Ovarian cancer information | Ovarian Cancer Action

  https://ovarian.org.uk/ovarian-cancer/ovarian-cancer-prevention/

  Having children seems to reduce the risk of ovarian cancer. The more children you have, the lower the risk. […] Breastfeeding is linked to a reduction in the risk of ovarian cancer. […] Surgery to remove both ovaries and fallopian tubes (called bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy or BSO) is estimated to reduce the risk of ovarian cancer by 95%. […] Many women have a hysterectomy (surgical removal of your womb) due to issues such as fibroids, prolapse, or endometriosis/ adenomyosis. […] Studies of women who underwent tubal ligation (tying the tubes) to avoid future pregnancies suggest their future risks of ovarian cancer dropped by 25% to 65% compared to their peers. […] The surgical removal of fallopian tubes in a procedure known as a salpingectomy may prevent the most common subtype of ovarian cancer from developing.

• #3 How to lower your ovarian cancer risk | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/publications/focused-on-health/Ovarian-cancer-symptoms-and-prevention.h25Z1591413.html

  Never being pregnant is a risk factor. […] There are a few ways to lower your ovarian cancer risk, but many women dont know about them, Lu says. Basically, anything that stops ovulation for a time, like birth control pills, pregnancy or breastfeeding, can lower the average womans ovarian cancer risk. […] Researchers believe that regular ovulation may increase ovarian cancer risk because it damages the lining of the ovaries so the ovary cells need to be repaired frequently. This can increase the chance for cancer-causing changes to occur.

• #3 Opportunistic Salpingectomy as a Strategy for Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Prevention | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/committee-opinion/articles/2019/04/opportunistic-salpingectomy-as-a-strategy-for-epithelial-ovarian-cancer-prevention

  Opportunistic salpingectomy may offer obstetriciangynecologists and other health care providers the opportunity to decrease the risk of ovarian cancer in their patients who are already undergoing pelvic surgery for benign disease. […] By performing salpingectomy when patients undergo an operation during which the fallopian tubes could be removed in addition to the primary surgical procedure (eg, hysterectomy), the risk of ovarian cancer is reduced. […] Although opportunistic salpingectomy offers the opportunity to significantly decrease the risk of ovarian cancer, it does not eliminate the risk of ovarian cancer entirely. […] Counseling women who are undergoing routine pelvic surgery about the risks and benefits of salpingectomy should include an informed consent discussion about the role of oophorectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy.

• #3 How to Prevent Ovarian Cancer and Reduce Risk

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/ovarian-cancer/prevention

  Prophylactic surgery is a procedure performed to prevent a condition. […] For people with a high risk of ovarian cancer, doctors may recommend a bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy as a risk-reducing strategy to prevent ovarian cancer. […] Although a bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy may lower ovarian cancer risk, it does not get rid of it entirely. […] According to the ACS, premenopausal people who have BRCA mutations may lower their breast cancer risk by more than 50 percent and their ovarian cancer risk by 85 to 95 percent if they have their tubes and ovaries removed. […] People with a higher risk for ovarian cancer may decide that removal of the ovaries and fallopian tubes isn’t the appropriate decision for them.

• #3 Can We Prevent Ovarian Cancer? | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/videos/can-we-prevent-ovarian-cancer

  Learn about a procedure thats 100% effective at preventing the most common form of ovarian cancer: a salpingectomy, or removal of the fallopian tubes. […] With no pronounced symptoms or tests to catch it early, ovarian cancer is usually detected in women with an average risk of cancer and in highly advanced stages. […] Drs. Long-Roche and Stone are advocating for salpingectomies to become routine in women who are seeking permanent birth control, and opportunistic at the time of other abdominal surgeries. […] But many women don’t know that we actually can prevent ovarian cancer. […] A simple procedure which takes minutes to perform, can save a woman’s life and prevent ovarian cancer completely. […] In women who are average-risk, not known to have a genetic risk for ovarian cancer, you could consider having your fallopian tubes removed as a preventative strategy.

• #3 Reducing ovarian cancer risk through opportunistic salpingectomy: A promising preventive strategy | Figo

  https://www.figo.org/news/reducing-ovarian-cancer-risk-through-opportunistic-salpingectomy-promising-preventive-0

  Reducing ovarian cancer risk through opportunistic salpingectomy: A promising preventive strategy. The International Journal of Gynecology Obstetrics (IJGO) and FIGO have released a new paper emphasising the potential of opportunistic salpingectomy (OS) as an effective strategy to reduce ovarian cancer risk among average-risk women. FIGO recognises the urgent need for safe and effective preventive measures against epithelial ovarian cancerone of the most lethal gynecological malignancies and supports OS as a standard care practice for women undergoing abdominal or pelvic surgery who have completed their families. Emerging data supports that OS, especially when performed for sterilization or other benign reasons, reduces ovarian cancer risk by 42-77% compared to traditional tubal ligation. A recent meta-analysis also found a 49% overall reduction in ovarian cancer risk after bilateral salpingectomy. […] FIGO advocates for this risk-reducing strategy to be adopted more widely, with proper patient counseling and informed consent.

• #3 Ovarian cancer prevention | Ovarian cancer information | Ovarian Cancer Action

  https://ovarian.org.uk/ovarian-cancer/ovarian-cancer-prevention/

  For women at high risk of ovarian cancer due to an inherited faulty gene like BRCA or Lynch syndrome, current advice is to consider having their ovaries and fallopian tubes removed which will reduce their risk of ovarian cancer by 95%. […] Lifestyle changes, like maintaining a healthy diet and taking regular exercise, can have a significant impact on reducing your risk of several types of cancer. […] Smoking is the biggest cause of cancer. […] Obesity causes more than 60 cases of cancer a day making it the second biggest cause of cancer in the UK after smoking. […] Its important to understand how other medical conditions and past cancer diagnoses may also put you at risk. […] Studies have shown that women with endometriosis or diabetes have an increased risk of ovarian cancer. […] Using hormone replacement therapy (HRT) during/ after menopause slightly increases the risk of ovarian cancer.

• #3 Ovarian cancer treatment & prevention: promising new approaches | CareAcross

  https://www.careacross.com/blog/ovarian-cancer-treatment-prevention-promising-new-approaches

  Women with known family history of breast or ovarian cancer may have an inherited susceptibility for ovarian cancer. These women are usually carriers of BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. […] In particular, women with BRCA1 mutation may develop ovarian cancer at an earlier age, and therefore prophylactic oophorectomy (surgical removal of ovaries) should be considered by the age of 35. […] On the other hand, women with BRCA2 mutation may delay their decision for oophorectomy until they reach their 40th year of age. […] Overall, based on this study, women with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations following prophylactic oophorectomy had a 77% lower risk of death by age 70. […] Genetic analysis is a powerful tool for ovarian cancer prevention in high-risk women, who carry mutations of the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene, or other mutations which are still being investigated by the research community.

• #3 Ovarian cancer | World Cancer Research Fund

  https://www.wcrf.org/preventing-cancer/cancer-types/ovarian-cancer/

  Oral contraceptives reduce the risk of ovarian cancer. […] Sterilisation (tubal ligation) also reduces the risk of ovarian cancer. […] Following our Cancer Prevention Recommendations reduces your risk of ovarian cancer. […] Reaching and staying at a healthy weight can reduce your risk of ovarian cancer, many other cancers, and other diseases. […] You can reduce your risk of ovarian cancer by not smoking.

• #3 What doctors wish patients knew about ovarian cancer prevention | American Medical Association

  https://www.ama-assn.org/delivering-care/public-health/what-doctors-wish-patients-knew-about-ovarian-cancer-prevention

  Interestingly, it’s like if you keep those ovaries quiet, they won’t be percolating and doing negative things, said Dr. Wilson. So, the birth control pills—the combination oral estrogen-progestin pills—essentially put the ovaries on hold during the time period in which they are being used. You can’t get pregnant, but the pill has been shown to decrease the risk of ovarian cancer, he added. […] If you want to have the tubal ligation be a form of prevention, you must remove the entire fallopian tubes bilaterally, said Dr. Wilson. Removing both fallopian tubes may be preventative and certainly removing the ovaries is preventative. […] If someone is considered high risk for ovarian cancer based on that history, additional testing can be done to identify if there is a hereditary syndrome such as BRCA or Lynch present which places someone at higher risk, said Dr. Heshmati. […] In the cases where those syndromes are identified, additional screening or even preventative surgery may be recommended, Dr. Heshmati said.

• #3 Ovarian cancer – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ovarian-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20375941

  There’s no sure way to prevent ovarian cancer. But there may be ways to reduce your risk: […] Consider taking birth control pills. Ask your doctor whether birth control pills (oral contraceptives) may be right for you. Taking birth control pills reduces the risk of ovarian cancer. But these medications do have risks, so discuss whether the benefits outweigh those risks based on your situation. […] Discuss your risk factors with your doctor. If you have a family history of breast and ovarian cancers, bring this up with your doctor. Your doctor can determine what this may mean for your own risk of cancer. You may be referred to a genetic counselor who can help you decide whether genetic testing may be right for you. If you’re found to have a gene change that increases your risk of ovarian cancer, you may consider surgery to remove your ovaries to prevent cancer.

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