Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Hives: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8630-hives

  Hives are a type of allergic reaction that creates itchy bumps on your skin. […] Hives are raised red bumps (welts) or splotches on the skin. […] Hives are often very itchy, but you might also feel burning or stinging. […] The medical name for hives is urticaria. […] Acute urticaria refers to hives that don’t last very long (less than six weeks). Chronic urticaria refers to hives that happen at least twice a week for more than six weeks. […] Chronic, spontaneous urticaria is the name for chronic hives that don’t have an obvious cause. […] Physical hives usually appear within an hour after exposure. This type of hives can also be chronic. […] Anyone can get hives. […] Around 20% of the population will get hives at least one time. About 1% to 3% of the population has chronic hives.

• #2 Hives Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/hives

  Hives are raised, often itchy, red bumps (welts) on the surface of the skin. They can be an allergic reaction to food or medicine. They can also appear without cause. […] Symptoms of hives may include any of the following: Itching. Swelling of the surface of the skin into red- or skin-colored welts (called wheals) with clearly defined edges. Wheals may get bigger, spread, and join together to form larger areas of flat, raised skin. Wheals often change shape, disappear, and reappear within minutes or hours. It is unusual for a wheal to last more than 48 hours. […] Treatment may not be needed if the hives are mild. They may disappear on their own. To reduce itching and swelling: Do not take hot baths or showers. Do not wear tight-fitting clothing, which can irritate the area. Your provider may suggest that you take an antihistamine such as diphenhydramine (Benadryl) or cetirizine (Zyrtec). Follow your provider’s instructions or the package instructions about how to take the medicine. Other oral prescription medicines may be needed, especially if the hives are chronic (long-lasting).

• #3 Patient education: Hives (urticaria) (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hives-urticaria-beyond-the-basics/print

  HIVES OVERVIEW […] „Urticaria” is the medical term for hives. Hives are raised or puffy areas of the skin that itch intensely. Hives are a very common condition. Approximately 20 percent of people have hives at some time during their lives. […] Hives develop when there is a reaction that activates immune cells in the skin called mast cells. When activated, these cells release natural chemicals. One important chemical is histamine, which causes itching, redness, and swelling of the skin in an area: a hive. In most cases, hives appear suddenly and disappear within several hours. […] Hives usually respond well to treatment, which includes medicines and avoiding whatever triggered the hives. […] HIVES SYMPTOMS […] Skin appearance — Hives are raised areas that itch intensely. Hives might look reddish in color on light-colored skin. The color changes can be hard to see on darker skin. In some cases, the raised areas enlarge and merge together. Itching is usually the most bothersome symptom of hives, and it may be severe enough to interfere with work and sleep.

• #4 Hives (Urticaria) | Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://acaai.org/allergies/allergic-conditions/skin-allergy/hives/

  Hives, also known as urticaria, affects about 20 percent of people at some time during their lives. It can be triggered by many substances or situations and usually starts as an itchy patch of skin that turns into swollen red welts. […] Hives, also known as urticaria, affects about 20 percent of people at some time during their lives. Scratching, alcoholic beverages, exercise and emotional stress may worsen the itching. […] If you think you might have hives, then it’s best to speak with an allergist. […] Chronic hives occur almost daily for more than six weeks and are typically itchy. Each hive lasts less than 24 hours. They do not bruise nor leave any scar. They typically do not have an identifiable trigger. […] If your hives last more than a month or if they recur over time, see an allergist, who will take a history and perform a thorough physical exam to try and determine the cause of your symptoms.

• #5 Chronic hives – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-hives/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352723

  To diagnose chronic hives, your healthcare professional will likely talk with you about your symptoms and look at your skin. One of the telling features of chronic hives is that the welts come and go at random, with each spot usually lasting less than 24 hours. […] An accurate diagnosis will guide your treatment. If needed to clarify the diagnosis, your healthcare professional might do a skin biopsy. A biopsy is a procedure to remove a sample of tissue for testing in a lab. […] Treatment for chronic hives often starts with nonprescription anti-itch medicines, called antihistamines. If these don’t help, your healthcare professional might suggest that you try one or more prescription-strength medicines. […] For chronic hives that resist these treatments, your healthcare professional might prescribe a medicine that can calm an overactive immune system.

• #6 Patient education: Hives (urticaria) (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hives-urticaria-beyond-the-basics/print

  HIVES OVERVIEW […] „Urticaria” is the medical term for hives. Hives are raised or puffy areas of the skin that itch intensely. Hives are a very common condition. Approximately 20 percent of people have hives at some time during their lives. […] Hives develop when there is a reaction that activates immune cells in the skin called mast cells. When activated, these cells release natural chemicals. One important chemical is histamine, which causes itching, redness, and swelling of the skin in an area: a hive. In most cases, hives appear suddenly and disappear within several hours. […] Hives usually respond well to treatment, which includes medicines and avoiding whatever triggered the hives. […] HIVES SYMPTOMS […] Skin appearance — Hives are raised areas that itch intensely. Hives might look reddish in color on light-colored skin. The color changes can be hard to see on darker skin. In some cases, the raised areas enlarge and merge together. Itching is usually the most bothersome symptom of hives, and it may be severe enough to interfere with work and sleep.

• #7 Hives: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8630-hives

  Hives are a type of allergic reaction that creates itchy bumps on your skin. […] Hives are raised red bumps (welts) or splotches on the skin. […] Hives are often very itchy, but you might also feel burning or stinging. […] The medical name for hives is urticaria. […] Acute urticaria refers to hives that don’t last very long (less than six weeks). Chronic urticaria refers to hives that happen at least twice a week for more than six weeks. […] Chronic, spontaneous urticaria is the name for chronic hives that don’t have an obvious cause. […] Physical hives usually appear within an hour after exposure. This type of hives can also be chronic. […] Anyone can get hives. […] Around 20% of the population will get hives at least one time. About 1% to 3% of the population has chronic hives.

• #8 Hives (Urticaria) (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hives.html

  Hives are red raised bumps or welts on the skin. Hives (or urticaria) is a common skin reaction to something like an allergen (a substance that causes allergies). […] Individual hives can last anywhere from a few hours to a week (sometimes longer), and new ones might replace those that fade. Hives that stay for 6 weeks or less are called acute hives; those that go on longer than 6 weeks are chronic hives. […] Most often, hives are associated with an allergic reaction, which can make the skin break out within minutes. […] Hives due to physical causes (such as pressure, cold, or sun exposure) are called physical hives. […] It can be hard to figure out what causes chronic urticaria, though it’s sometimes linked to an immune system illness, like lupus. Other times, medicines, food, insects, or an infection can trigger an outbreak. Often, though, doctors don’t know what causes chronic hives.

• #9 Patient education: Hives (urticaria) (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hives-urticaria-beyond-the-basics/print

  HIVES OVERVIEW […] „Urticaria” is the medical term for hives. Hives are raised or puffy areas of the skin that itch intensely. Hives are a very common condition. Approximately 20 percent of people have hives at some time during their lives. […] Hives develop when there is a reaction that activates immune cells in the skin called mast cells. When activated, these cells release natural chemicals. One important chemical is histamine, which causes itching, redness, and swelling of the skin in an area: a hive. In most cases, hives appear suddenly and disappear within several hours. […] Hives usually respond well to treatment, which includes medicines and avoiding whatever triggered the hives. […] HIVES SYMPTOMS […] Skin appearance — Hives are raised areas that itch intensely. Hives might look reddish in color on light-colored skin. The color changes can be hard to see on darker skin. In some cases, the raised areas enlarge and merge together. Itching is usually the most bothersome symptom of hives, and it may be severe enough to interfere with work and sleep.

• #10 Hives (urticaria) – Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy (ASCIA)

  https://www.allergy.org.au/patients/skin-allergy/urticaria-hives

  Hives, the common term for urticaria, are pink or red itchy rashes that may appear as blotches or raised red lumps (wheals) on the skin. Hives usually last for up to two hours or may come and go for days or weeks at a time. […] Hives occur when histamine is released in the lining of the skin and other body organs which makes the skin itch and causes blood vessels to expand and leak fluid. This results in redness and swelling. […] Up to 20% of people will develop hives at some time in their life. In most cases hives are not due to allergy but usually respond well to treatment with antihistamines. […] Hives usually appear on the surface of the skin, but they can also cause deep, swollen areas under the skin and on the moist, inner lining of the nose and mouth (mucosa). This is known as angioedema.

• #11 Patient education: Hives (urticaria) (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hives-urticaria-beyond-the-basics/print

  HIVES OVERVIEW […] „Urticaria” is the medical term for hives. Hives are raised or puffy areas of the skin that itch intensely. Hives are a very common condition. Approximately 20 percent of people have hives at some time during their lives. […] Hives develop when there is a reaction that activates immune cells in the skin called mast cells. When activated, these cells release natural chemicals. One important chemical is histamine, which causes itching, redness, and swelling of the skin in an area: a hive. In most cases, hives appear suddenly and disappear within several hours. […] Hives usually respond well to treatment, which includes medicines and avoiding whatever triggered the hives. […] HIVES SYMPTOMS […] Skin appearance — Hives are raised areas that itch intensely. Hives might look reddish in color on light-colored skin. The color changes can be hard to see on darker skin. In some cases, the raised areas enlarge and merge together. Itching is usually the most bothersome symptom of hives, and it may be severe enough to interfere with work and sleep.

• #12 Hives | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/hives

  Hives (urticaria) are skin rashes characterised by reddened and raised circular wheals (lumps). […] In most cases hives are not due to allergy and can be treated with a non-drowsy antihistamine. […] Hives (urticaria) are common skin rashes characterised by one or many wheals (lumps) of reddened, raised and itching skin. […] The wheals generally appear in clusters, with one cluster getting worse as another gets better. […] Most wheals disappear without a trace within a few hours, only to be replaced by a new one elsewhere on the skin. […] In acute (short-lived) hives, the wheals may come and go for a few days or weeks. […] In rare cases of chronic hives, wheals may persist for more than 6 weeks. […] It is thought that around one in every 6 people will experience an attack of acute hives at some point in their lives.

• #13 Patient education: Hives (urticaria) (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hives-urticaria-beyond-the-basics

  TYPES OF HIVES […] Hives are classified based upon how long you have the hives. Hives can be: […] – Acute (brief) […] – Chronic (longstanding) […] – Inducible (triggered by certain types of physical stimulation, such as heat, cold, or sun exposure) […] When you first get hives, you cannot tell how long they will last, and so you cannot tell if you have acute or chronic hives. […] Although all types of hives look similar, they often have different triggers. Learning what triggers your hives can help you to avoid the trigger. […] Chronic hives — Chronic hives occur daily or almost daily and last longer than six weeks, sometimes for years. Chronic hives can be frustrating because they come and go and can interfere with sleep, work, or school. Hives affect how you look, and people may worry about being near you for fear that you have a contagious infection.

• #14 Hives: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8630-hives

  Hives are a type of allergic reaction that creates itchy bumps on your skin. […] Hives are raised red bumps (welts) or splotches on the skin. […] Hives are often very itchy, but you might also feel burning or stinging. […] The medical name for hives is urticaria. […] Acute urticaria refers to hives that don’t last very long (less than six weeks). Chronic urticaria refers to hives that happen at least twice a week for more than six weeks. […] Chronic, spontaneous urticaria is the name for chronic hives that don’t have an obvious cause. […] Physical hives usually appear within an hour after exposure. This type of hives can also be chronic. […] Anyone can get hives. […] Around 20% of the population will get hives at least one time. About 1% to 3% of the population has chronic hives.

• #15 Patient education: Hives (urticaria) (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hives-urticaria-beyond-the-basics

  TYPES OF HIVES […] Hives are classified based upon how long you have the hives. Hives can be: […] – Acute (brief) […] – Chronic (longstanding) […] – Inducible (triggered by certain types of physical stimulation, such as heat, cold, or sun exposure) […] When you first get hives, you cannot tell how long they will last, and so you cannot tell if you have acute or chronic hives. […] Although all types of hives look similar, they often have different triggers. Learning what triggers your hives can help you to avoid the trigger. […] Chronic hives — Chronic hives occur daily or almost daily and last longer than six weeks, sometimes for years. Chronic hives can be frustrating because they come and go and can interfere with sleep, work, or school. Hives affect how you look, and people may worry about being near you for fear that you have a contagious infection.

• #16 Hives

  https://www.seattlechildrens.org/conditions/a-z/hives/

  Hives Only on One Part of the Body – What You Should Know: Most are caused by skin contact with an irritant. Examples are plants, pollen, food or pet saliva. Localized hives are not caused by drugs, infections or swallowed foods. They are also not an allergy. Wash the allergic substance off the skin with soap and water. If itchy, use a cold pack for 20 minutes. You can also rub the hives with an ice cube for 10 minutes. Hives just on one part of the body should go away on their own. They don’t need Benadryl. They should go away in a few hours. […] Hives All Over the Body – What You Should Know: Over 10% of children get hives 1 or more times. Most widespread hives are caused by a viral infection. This is not due to an allergy. Less than 10% are an allergic reaction to a food, drug, or insect bite. Often, the cause is not found. Here is some care advice that should help.

• #17 Patient education: Hives (urticaria) (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hives-urticaria-beyond-the-basics

  TYPES OF HIVES […] Hives are classified based upon how long you have the hives. Hives can be: […] – Acute (brief) […] – Chronic (longstanding) […] – Inducible (triggered by certain types of physical stimulation, such as heat, cold, or sun exposure) […] When you first get hives, you cannot tell how long they will last, and so you cannot tell if you have acute or chronic hives. […] Although all types of hives look similar, they often have different triggers. Learning what triggers your hives can help you to avoid the trigger. […] Chronic hives — Chronic hives occur daily or almost daily and last longer than six weeks, sometimes for years. Chronic hives can be frustrating because they come and go and can interfere with sleep, work, or school. Hives affect how you look, and people may worry about being near you for fear that you have a contagious infection.

• #18 Chronic Hives (Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria): Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22900-chronic-hives-chronic-idiopathic-urticaria

  Chronic hives (chronic urticaria) are red, itchy skin welts that last more than six weeks. Many people have these welts every day for a year or longer. People with certain autoimmune diseases are more prone to chronic hives. But often, the cause of chronic hives is unknown. Antihistamines, steroids and immunosuppressants can soothe the hives. […] Chronic hives are itchy, raised welts that appear on your skin and last for more than six weeks. […] Chronic hives are itchy, raised, red bumps or welts that appear on your skin at least twice per week. These welts, also called wheals, are chronic when they last more than six weeks. […] For most people with chronic hives, there’s no known cause. Rarely, medication allergies or food allergies cause chronic hives. The most common allergic cause is something you consume on a regular basis. Other types of allergies may also bring on chronic hives.

• #19 Patient education: Hives (urticaria) (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hives-urticaria-beyond-the-basics

  TYPES OF HIVES […] Hives are classified based upon how long you have the hives. Hives can be: […] – Acute (brief) […] – Chronic (longstanding) […] – Inducible (triggered by certain types of physical stimulation, such as heat, cold, or sun exposure) […] When you first get hives, you cannot tell how long they will last, and so you cannot tell if you have acute or chronic hives. […] Although all types of hives look similar, they often have different triggers. Learning what triggers your hives can help you to avoid the trigger. […] Chronic hives — Chronic hives occur daily or almost daily and last longer than six weeks, sometimes for years. Chronic hives can be frustrating because they come and go and can interfere with sleep, work, or school. Hives affect how you look, and people may worry about being near you for fear that you have a contagious infection.

• #20 Chronic hives – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-hives/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352723

  Chronic hives can go on for months and years. They can interfere with sleep, work and other activities. […] The following self-care tips may help you manage your condition: […] Track your symptoms. Keep a diary of when and where hives occur, what you were doing, what you were eating, and so on. This may help you and your healthcare professional identify the thing that brings on symptoms for you. […] You’ll likely start by seeing your primary healthcare professional. Or you may be referred to an allergy specialist or a doctor who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of skin conditions. This type of doctor is called a dermatologist. […] For chronic hives, questions you may want to ask include: What is likely causing my symptoms? How long will hives last? What kinds of tests do I need? Do these tests require any special preparation? What treatments are available, and which do you suggest? […] Your healthcare professional is likely to ask you a few questions, such as: When did you first have symptoms? What did your skin reaction look like when it first appeared? Have your symptoms changed over time?

• #21 Hives: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8630-hives

  Hives are a type of allergic reaction that creates itchy bumps on your skin. […] Hives are raised red bumps (welts) or splotches on the skin. […] Hives are often very itchy, but you might also feel burning or stinging. […] The medical name for hives is urticaria. […] Acute urticaria refers to hives that don’t last very long (less than six weeks). Chronic urticaria refers to hives that happen at least twice a week for more than six weeks. […] Chronic, spontaneous urticaria is the name for chronic hives that don’t have an obvious cause. […] Physical hives usually appear within an hour after exposure. This type of hives can also be chronic. […] Anyone can get hives. […] Around 20% of the population will get hives at least one time. About 1% to 3% of the population has chronic hives.

• #22 Hives: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8630-hives

  Hives are a type of allergic reaction that creates itchy bumps on your skin. […] Hives are raised red bumps (welts) or splotches on the skin. […] Hives are often very itchy, but you might also feel burning or stinging. […] The medical name for hives is urticaria. […] Acute urticaria refers to hives that don’t last very long (less than six weeks). Chronic urticaria refers to hives that happen at least twice a week for more than six weeks. […] Chronic, spontaneous urticaria is the name for chronic hives that don’t have an obvious cause. […] Physical hives usually appear within an hour after exposure. This type of hives can also be chronic. […] Anyone can get hives. […] Around 20% of the population will get hives at least one time. About 1% to 3% of the population has chronic hives.

• #23 Patient education: Hives (urticaria) (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hives-urticaria-beyond-the-basics

  TYPES OF HIVES […] Hives are classified based upon how long you have the hives. Hives can be: […] – Acute (brief) […] – Chronic (longstanding) […] – Inducible (triggered by certain types of physical stimulation, such as heat, cold, or sun exposure) […] When you first get hives, you cannot tell how long they will last, and so you cannot tell if you have acute or chronic hives. […] Although all types of hives look similar, they often have different triggers. Learning what triggers your hives can help you to avoid the trigger. […] Chronic hives — Chronic hives occur daily or almost daily and last longer than six weeks, sometimes for years. Chronic hives can be frustrating because they come and go and can interfere with sleep, work, or school. Hives affect how you look, and people may worry about being near you for fear that you have a contagious infection.

• #24 Hives | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/hives

  In 80% of cases the cause of hives is unknown. […] Some factors known to cause hives include: medication such as antibiotics, aspirin and codeine, allergic reactions to foods, some food additives, infections including bacterial, viral or parasitic, respiratory infections (particularly in young children), certain underlying conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rubella and hepatitis, emotional stress, contact with plants or animals, heat, cold temperatures, exercise and sweating, bee and wasp stings. […] If a trigger is identified and it is possible to avoid that trigger, then the hives will resolve. […] Where no trigger is found, or the trigger cannot be avoided, treatment may include: avoidance of factors that make the condition worse such as aspirin, codeine, sunshine, heat and hot showers, antihistamines some people require 2, 3 or even 4 tablets a day to control hives. […] For chronic hives, there are a number of other medications that can be prescribed.

• #25 Hives (Urticaria)

  https://healthlibrary.gradyhealth.org/RelatedItems/85,P00041

  Hives (urticaria) are red, itchy, raised bumps on the skin. They often last less than 12 hours in one area of the skin. […] Hives may last for a short or long time. If hives last for a short time or come with other symptoms, the cause could be an allergic reaction from eating certain foods or taking certain medicines. […] Hives can be part of an allergic reaction to foods such as nuts, peanuts, eggs, fish, shellfish, milk, wheat, and soy. […] You may also get hives from these medicines: NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), such as ibuprofen or naproxen, antibiotics, especially penicillin and related antibiotics in the same class, medicines for seizures and epilepsy, chemotherapy medicines, and medicines for treating cancer, such as monoclonal antibodies. […] Other types of hives include dermatographism, cold-induced hives, solar hives, exercise-induced hives, and chronic urticaria.

• #26 Hives (Urticaria)

  https://healthlibrary.gradyhealth.org/RelatedItems/85,P00041

  Hives (urticaria) are red, itchy, raised bumps on the skin. They often last less than 12 hours in one area of the skin. […] Hives may last for a short or long time. If hives last for a short time or come with other symptoms, the cause could be an allergic reaction from eating certain foods or taking certain medicines. […] Hives can be part of an allergic reaction to foods such as nuts, peanuts, eggs, fish, shellfish, milk, wheat, and soy. […] You may also get hives from these medicines: NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), such as ibuprofen or naproxen, antibiotics, especially penicillin and related antibiotics in the same class, medicines for seizures and epilepsy, chemotherapy medicines, and medicines for treating cancer, such as monoclonal antibodies. […] Other types of hives include dermatographism, cold-induced hives, solar hives, exercise-induced hives, and chronic urticaria.

• #27 Hives (urticaria): Causes, pictures, and treatments

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/157260

  Hives, or urticaria, can occur for many reasons, such as exposure to an allergen or a physical trigger, like pressure from tight clothing. […] Hives affects around 20% of people at some time in their lives. The issue can be chronic or acute. […] Hives can develop when the body reacts to an allergen. When an allergic reaction occurs, the body releases a protein known as histamine. […] If acute hives results from an allergic reaction, the cause may be: a medication, such as: some antibiotics, some nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as aspirin, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, which are drugs for high blood pressure. […] A physical trigger other than an allergen can cause hives. […] Some examples of health conditions that can cause hives include: viral infections, such as flu, the common cold, glandular fever, or hepatitis B.

• #28 Hives | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/hives

  In 80% of cases the cause of hives is unknown. […] Some factors known to cause hives include: medication such as antibiotics, aspirin and codeine, allergic reactions to foods, some food additives, infections including bacterial, viral or parasitic, respiratory infections (particularly in young children), certain underlying conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rubella and hepatitis, emotional stress, contact with plants or animals, heat, cold temperatures, exercise and sweating, bee and wasp stings. […] If a trigger is identified and it is possible to avoid that trigger, then the hives will resolve. […] Where no trigger is found, or the trigger cannot be avoided, treatment may include: avoidance of factors that make the condition worse such as aspirin, codeine, sunshine, heat and hot showers, antihistamines some people require 2, 3 or even 4 tablets a day to control hives. […] For chronic hives, there are a number of other medications that can be prescribed.

• #29 Hives | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/hives

  In 80% of cases the cause of hives is unknown. […] Some factors known to cause hives include: medication such as antibiotics, aspirin and codeine, allergic reactions to foods, some food additives, infections including bacterial, viral or parasitic, respiratory infections (particularly in young children), certain underlying conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rubella and hepatitis, emotional stress, contact with plants or animals, heat, cold temperatures, exercise and sweating, bee and wasp stings. […] If a trigger is identified and it is possible to avoid that trigger, then the hives will resolve. […] Where no trigger is found, or the trigger cannot be avoided, treatment may include: avoidance of factors that make the condition worse such as aspirin, codeine, sunshine, heat and hot showers, antihistamines some people require 2, 3 or even 4 tablets a day to control hives. […] For chronic hives, there are a number of other medications that can be prescribed.

• #30 Hives (urticaria): Causes, pictures, and treatments

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/157260

  Hives, or urticaria, can occur for many reasons, such as exposure to an allergen or a physical trigger, like pressure from tight clothing. […] Hives affects around 20% of people at some time in their lives. The issue can be chronic or acute. […] Hives can develop when the body reacts to an allergen. When an allergic reaction occurs, the body releases a protein known as histamine. […] If acute hives results from an allergic reaction, the cause may be: a medication, such as: some antibiotics, some nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as aspirin, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, which are drugs for high blood pressure. […] A physical trigger other than an allergen can cause hives. […] Some examples of health conditions that can cause hives include: viral infections, such as flu, the common cold, glandular fever, or hepatitis B.

• #31 Hives | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/hives

  In 80% of cases the cause of hives is unknown. […] Some factors known to cause hives include: medication such as antibiotics, aspirin and codeine, allergic reactions to foods, some food additives, infections including bacterial, viral or parasitic, respiratory infections (particularly in young children), certain underlying conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rubella and hepatitis, emotional stress, contact with plants or animals, heat, cold temperatures, exercise and sweating, bee and wasp stings. […] If a trigger is identified and it is possible to avoid that trigger, then the hives will resolve. […] Where no trigger is found, or the trigger cannot be avoided, treatment may include: avoidance of factors that make the condition worse such as aspirin, codeine, sunshine, heat and hot showers, antihistamines some people require 2, 3 or even 4 tablets a day to control hives. […] For chronic hives, there are a number of other medications that can be prescribed.

• #32 Hives | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/hives

  In 80% of cases the cause of hives is unknown. […] Some factors known to cause hives include: medication such as antibiotics, aspirin and codeine, allergic reactions to foods, some food additives, infections including bacterial, viral or parasitic, respiratory infections (particularly in young children), certain underlying conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rubella and hepatitis, emotional stress, contact with plants or animals, heat, cold temperatures, exercise and sweating, bee and wasp stings. […] If a trigger is identified and it is possible to avoid that trigger, then the hives will resolve. […] Where no trigger is found, or the trigger cannot be avoided, treatment may include: avoidance of factors that make the condition worse such as aspirin, codeine, sunshine, heat and hot showers, antihistamines some people require 2, 3 or even 4 tablets a day to control hives. […] For chronic hives, there are a number of other medications that can be prescribed.

• #33 Hives | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/hives

  In 80% of cases the cause of hives is unknown. […] Some factors known to cause hives include: medication such as antibiotics, aspirin and codeine, allergic reactions to foods, some food additives, infections including bacterial, viral or parasitic, respiratory infections (particularly in young children), certain underlying conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rubella and hepatitis, emotional stress, contact with plants or animals, heat, cold temperatures, exercise and sweating, bee and wasp stings. […] If a trigger is identified and it is possible to avoid that trigger, then the hives will resolve. […] Where no trigger is found, or the trigger cannot be avoided, treatment may include: avoidance of factors that make the condition worse such as aspirin, codeine, sunshine, heat and hot showers, antihistamines some people require 2, 3 or even 4 tablets a day to control hives. […] For chronic hives, there are a number of other medications that can be prescribed.

• #34 Hives | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/hives

  In 80% of cases the cause of hives is unknown. […] Some factors known to cause hives include: medication such as antibiotics, aspirin and codeine, allergic reactions to foods, some food additives, infections including bacterial, viral or parasitic, respiratory infections (particularly in young children), certain underlying conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rubella and hepatitis, emotional stress, contact with plants or animals, heat, cold temperatures, exercise and sweating, bee and wasp stings. […] If a trigger is identified and it is possible to avoid that trigger, then the hives will resolve. […] Where no trigger is found, or the trigger cannot be avoided, treatment may include: avoidance of factors that make the condition worse such as aspirin, codeine, sunshine, heat and hot showers, antihistamines some people require 2, 3 or even 4 tablets a day to control hives. […] For chronic hives, there are a number of other medications that can be prescribed.

• #35 Hives: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8630-hives

  Acute hives are often an allergic reaction to something you put into your body, like food, drink or medication, or something that you touch. […] Chronic hives aren’t usually caused by allergies. […] Chronic hives do last for long periods of time but usually aren’t permanent. […] Most of the time, hives go away without treatment. […] Treatments include: Allergy medications: Medicines called antihistamines block histamines effects. […] For hard-to-treat chronic hives, your healthcare provider may discuss monthly injections of drugs that block allergic reactions. […] To relieve hives, you can take a cool bath or shower, wear loose-fitting clothing and apply cold compresses. […] Corticosteroids, such as prednisone, can relieve hive symptoms that don’t respond to antihistamines or topical steroids.

• #36 Hives: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8630-hives

  Acute hives are often an allergic reaction to something you put into your body, like food, drink or medication, or something that you touch. […] Chronic hives aren’t usually caused by allergies. […] Chronic hives do last for long periods of time but usually aren’t permanent. […] Most of the time, hives go away without treatment. […] Treatments include: Allergy medications: Medicines called antihistamines block histamines effects. […] For hard-to-treat chronic hives, your healthcare provider may discuss monthly injections of drugs that block allergic reactions. […] To relieve hives, you can take a cool bath or shower, wear loose-fitting clothing and apply cold compresses. […] Corticosteroids, such as prednisone, can relieve hive symptoms that don’t respond to antihistamines or topical steroids.

• #37 Chronic Hives (Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria): Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22900-chronic-hives-chronic-idiopathic-urticaria

  About 1 in 5 people who develop chronic hives also have an autoimmune disease. […] Chronic hive symptoms include: Red, raised welts or bumps on your skin that may hurt or sting. […] Treatments for chronic hives include: Allergy medications: Daily over-the-counter (OTC) or prescription allergy medications like antihistamines relieve itching and reduce or prevent allergic reactions. […] For half of people with chronic hives, the hives go away (often without treatment) within a year. Treatments can ease symptoms of long-lasting hives. […] Chronic hives (chronic urticaria) can be itchy and uncomfortable. You may become self-conscious about your appearance. Most of the time, providers can’t pinpoint the cause of chronic hives. However, treatments like antihistamines, steroids and even immunosuppressants can help. You can also take steps at home to ease itching and swelling. For many people, chronic hives eventually go away, although it may take a year or longer.

• #38 Hives | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/hives

  In 80% of cases the cause of hives is unknown. […] Some factors known to cause hives include: medication such as antibiotics, aspirin and codeine, allergic reactions to foods, some food additives, infections including bacterial, viral or parasitic, respiratory infections (particularly in young children), certain underlying conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rubella and hepatitis, emotional stress, contact with plants or animals, heat, cold temperatures, exercise and sweating, bee and wasp stings. […] If a trigger is identified and it is possible to avoid that trigger, then the hives will resolve. […] Where no trigger is found, or the trigger cannot be avoided, treatment may include: avoidance of factors that make the condition worse such as aspirin, codeine, sunshine, heat and hot showers, antihistamines some people require 2, 3 or even 4 tablets a day to control hives. […] For chronic hives, there are a number of other medications that can be prescribed.

• #39 Hives Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/hives

  Hives are raised, often itchy, red bumps (welts) on the surface of the skin. They can be an allergic reaction to food or medicine. They can also appear without cause. […] Symptoms of hives may include any of the following: Itching. Swelling of the surface of the skin into red- or skin-colored welts (called wheals) with clearly defined edges. Wheals may get bigger, spread, and join together to form larger areas of flat, raised skin. Wheals often change shape, disappear, and reappear within minutes or hours. It is unusual for a wheal to last more than 48 hours. […] Treatment may not be needed if the hives are mild. They may disappear on their own. To reduce itching and swelling: Do not take hot baths or showers. Do not wear tight-fitting clothing, which can irritate the area. Your provider may suggest that you take an antihistamine such as diphenhydramine (Benadryl) or cetirizine (Zyrtec). Follow your provider’s instructions or the package instructions about how to take the medicine. Other oral prescription medicines may be needed, especially if the hives are chronic (long-lasting).

• #40 Patient education: Hives (urticaria) (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hives-urticaria-beyond-the-basics

  Severe pain, blood blister-like spots, and bruising of the skin are not typical of hives. Having hives along with a fever and joint pains is also not typical. These symptoms suggest a different condition called urticarial vasculitis, which requires a different treatment. […] Angioedema — In up to one-half of people with hives, a condition called angioedema also develops. Angioedema is similar to hives but occurs in the deeper layers of skin. Hives and angioedema can occur at the same time. […] Hives as part of a serious allergic reaction — Hives can also occur as part of a more serious allergic reaction. You should see a doctor or nurse as soon as possible if you develop hives or angioedema suddenly, along with other symptoms such as trouble breathing, tightness in the throat, nausea or vomiting, cramping abdominal pain, or passing out.

• #41 Hives (urticaria) – Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy (ASCIA)

  https://www.allergy.org.au/patients/skin-allergy/urticaria-hives

  Angioedema commonly affects the face and lips, can be painful, cause a burning sensation, and does not usually respond well to antihistamines. […] Hives lasting longer than a few days are unlikely to be caused by an allergy, except in some cases of drug (medication) allergy. […] Most people find non-drowsy antihistamines effective in managing the symptoms of chronic urticaria. […] Hives usually get better within a couple of weeks without any specific treatment. Treatments include avoiding aggravating factors such as excessive heat or cold, eating spicy foods, or drinking alcohol. […] Medications like non-drowsy antihistamines can be used to reduce the severity of the itch. For people with difficulty breathing and/or swelling of the tongue or throat, immediate administration of adrenaline and urgent medical assessment is needed.

• #42 Patient education: Hives (urticaria) (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hives-urticaria-beyond-the-basics

  Severe pain, blood blister-like spots, and bruising of the skin are not typical of hives. Having hives along with a fever and joint pains is also not typical. These symptoms suggest a different condition called urticarial vasculitis, which requires a different treatment. […] Angioedema — In up to one-half of people with hives, a condition called angioedema also develops. Angioedema is similar to hives but occurs in the deeper layers of skin. Hives and angioedema can occur at the same time. […] Hives as part of a serious allergic reaction — Hives can also occur as part of a more serious allergic reaction. You should see a doctor or nurse as soon as possible if you develop hives or angioedema suddenly, along with other symptoms such as trouble breathing, tightness in the throat, nausea or vomiting, cramping abdominal pain, or passing out.

• #43 Hives and angioedema – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hives-and-angioedema/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354914

  To diagnose hives or angioedema, your doctor will likely look at your welts or areas of swelling and ask about your medical history. You may also need blood tests or an allergy skin test. […] If your symptoms are mild, you may not need treatment. Hives and angioedema often clear up on their own. But treatment can offer relief from intense itching, serious discomfort or symptoms that persist. […] Treatments for hives and angioedema may include prescription drugs: Anti-itch drugs. The standard treatment for hives and angioedema is antihistamines that don’t make you drowsy. These medications reduce itching, swelling and other allergy symptoms. They’re available in nonprescription and prescription formulations. […] For a severe attack of hives or angioedema, you may need a trip to the emergency room and an emergency injection of epinephrine a type of adrenaline. If you have had a serious attack or your attacks recur despite treatment, your doctor may have you carry a penlike device that will allow you to self-inject epinephrine in emergencies.

• #44 Hives: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000845.htm

  Hives are raised, often itchy, red bumps (welts) on the surface of the skin. They can be an allergic reaction to food or medicine. They can also appear without cause. […] Your health care provider can tell if you have hives by looking at your skin. […] Treatment may not be needed if the hives are mild. They may disappear on their own. […] Hives may be uncomfortable, but they are usually harmless and disappear on their own. […] To help prevent hives, avoid exposure to substances that give you allergic reactions.

• #45 Patient education: Hives (urticaria) (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hives-urticaria-beyond-the-basics

  However, it is important to remember the following: […] – Hives are not contagious. […] – Chronic hives are rarely permanent; almost 50 percent of people are hive free within one year. […] – Chronic hives are rarely caused by allergies and are not life threatening. […] – The bothersome symptoms of chronic hives are treatable in most people. […] In most cases of chronic hives, the cause is unknown. Researchers suspect that problems in the immune system play a role. […] Hives can be a sign of several other medical or autoimmune conditions, including thyroid or liver diseases, chronic infections, or lupus. Most people with one of these conditions will have other symptoms apart from hives. […] HIVES TESTING […] Most people with hives do not need any testing. The diagnosis is usually based on their symptoms and a physical examination. However, tests may be recommended if hives do not resolve within six weeks.

• #46 Patient education: Hives (urticaria) (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hives-urticaria-beyond-the-basics

  However, it is important to remember the following: […] – Hives are not contagious. […] – Chronic hives are rarely permanent; almost 50 percent of people are hive free within one year. […] – Chronic hives are rarely caused by allergies and are not life threatening. […] – The bothersome symptoms of chronic hives are treatable in most people. […] In most cases of chronic hives, the cause is unknown. Researchers suspect that problems in the immune system play a role. […] Hives can be a sign of several other medical or autoimmune conditions, including thyroid or liver diseases, chronic infections, or lupus. Most people with one of these conditions will have other symptoms apart from hives. […] HIVES TESTING […] Most people with hives do not need any testing. The diagnosis is usually based on their symptoms and a physical examination. However, tests may be recommended if hives do not resolve within six weeks.

• #47 Patient education: Hives (urticaria) (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hives-urticaria-beyond-the-basics

  Testing — Skin testing for food and drug sensitivities may be recommended if there are concerns about allergies as a cause of symptoms. This is usually done for people with acute hives. Chronic hives are rarely caused by an allergy. […] Blood tests are sometimes done if hives continue for six weeks or longer. Blood tests can tell if there are signs of underlying diseases, such as thyroid problems or an autoimmune disease. […] Skin biopsy — A skin biopsy (when a small sample of skin is removed) may help identify uncommon causes of hives. A skin biopsy may be recommended for people who have chronic hives along with other symptoms, such as persistent fever, painful hives, individual hives that last for days at a time, or hives associated with bruising of the skin. A skin biopsy may also be recommended for people who have other symptoms or abnormal blood tests.

• #48 Hives (Urticaria) (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hives.html

  The hallmark red raised welts are the main sign of hives. […] Someone who also has angioedema might have puffiness, blotchy redness, swelling, or large bumps around the eyes, lips, hands, feet, genitals, or throat. […] Most of the time, a doctor can diagnose hives just by looking at the skin. […] If your child has chronic hives, the doctor may ask you to keep a daily record of activities, such as what your child eats and drinks, and where the hives tend to show up on the body. […] In many cases, mild hives won’t need treatment and will go away on their own. […] If a definite trigger is found, avoiding it is part of the treatment. […] If the hives feel itchy, the doctor may recommend an antihistamine medicine to block the release of histamine in the bloodstream and prevent breakouts.

• #49 Hives: Diagnosis and treatment

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/hives-treatment

  Your treatment plan will be tailored to your needs and may include one or more of the following: Soothing anti-itch lotion or cream. To temporarily relieve the itch, your dermatologist may recommend prax lotion (also called pramoxine), an anti-itch cream containing menthol, calamine lotion, or another anti-itch topical (applied to the skin) that you can buy without a prescription. […] When treating hives, the goals are to: Control the itch. Prevent new hives (existing hives go away on their own). Avoid what’s causing the hives (when known). […] If your child’s hives last for 6 weeks or longer, treatment often begins with trying to find the cause. Many times, the cause cannot be found. If this happens, your dermatologists may prescribe an antihistamine for your child. […] When antihistamines fail to work, your dermatologist may prescribe this medication. It works throughout the body to calm your immune system, which can prevent your body from overreacting and producing hives.

• #50 Patient education: Hives (urticaria) (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hives-urticaria-beyond-the-basics/print

  Antihistamines — Antihistamines are medicines that can relieve itching. Most people with hives respond to antihistamines. You may need a relatively high dose to control your symptoms. […] There are different types of antihistamines. They differ in side effects, cost, how long the medicine lasts, and need for a prescription. […] Nonsedating antihistamines — Nonsedating antihistamines are generally preferred for treating hives because they have fewer side effects than older antihistamines. Also, these antihistamines have to be taken less often, usually once or twice per day. Many of them can be purchased over the counter. […] Older antihistamines — Older antihistamines start to work quickly and work well to relieve symptoms. Some of them require a prescription, while others can be purchased over the counter. The problem with older antihistamines is that you have to take a dose four to six times per day, and many people have bothersome side effects.

• #51 Patient education: Hives (urticaria) (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hives-urticaria-beyond-the-basics/print

  Antihistamines — Antihistamines are medicines that can relieve itching. Most people with hives respond to antihistamines. You may need a relatively high dose to control your symptoms. […] There are different types of antihistamines. They differ in side effects, cost, how long the medicine lasts, and need for a prescription. […] Nonsedating antihistamines — Nonsedating antihistamines are generally preferred for treating hives because they have fewer side effects than older antihistamines. Also, these antihistamines have to be taken less often, usually once or twice per day. Many of them can be purchased over the counter. […] Older antihistamines — Older antihistamines start to work quickly and work well to relieve symptoms. Some of them require a prescription, while others can be purchased over the counter. The problem with older antihistamines is that you have to take a dose four to six times per day, and many people have bothersome side effects.

• #52 Patient education: Hives (urticaria) (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hives-urticaria-beyond-the-basics/print

  Antihistamines — Antihistamines are medicines that can relieve itching. Most people with hives respond to antihistamines. You may need a relatively high dose to control your symptoms. […] There are different types of antihistamines. They differ in side effects, cost, how long the medicine lasts, and need for a prescription. […] Nonsedating antihistamines — Nonsedating antihistamines are generally preferred for treating hives because they have fewer side effects than older antihistamines. Also, these antihistamines have to be taken less often, usually once or twice per day. Many of them can be purchased over the counter. […] Older antihistamines — Older antihistamines start to work quickly and work well to relieve symptoms. Some of them require a prescription, while others can be purchased over the counter. The problem with older antihistamines is that you have to take a dose four to six times per day, and many people have bothersome side effects.

• #53 Diagnosis and treatment of urticaria in primary care

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6526977/

  Urticaria, also known as hives among people, is a very common disease characterized by erythematous, edematous, itchy, and transient plaques that involve skin and mucous membranes. […] Urticaria is a disease characterized by erythematous, edematous, itchy and transient urticarial plaques, and covering the skin and mucous membranes. Also known as hives among people. It is a very common entity. […] In the treatment of urticaria (with or without angioedema), the focus should be on the immediate relief of pruritus and angioedema, if any. […] Antihistamines bind to histamine receptors and prevent the formation of pruritus and urticarial plaques. […] The second-generation agents are more often preferred for both adults and children due to their low side effects, less drug-drug interaction, anticholinergic effects, longer duration of action, and higher safety.

• #54 Patient education: Hives (urticaria) (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hives-urticaria-beyond-the-basics/print

  Antihistamines — Antihistamines are medicines that can relieve itching. Most people with hives respond to antihistamines. You may need a relatively high dose to control your symptoms. […] There are different types of antihistamines. They differ in side effects, cost, how long the medicine lasts, and need for a prescription. […] Nonsedating antihistamines — Nonsedating antihistamines are generally preferred for treating hives because they have fewer side effects than older antihistamines. Also, these antihistamines have to be taken less often, usually once or twice per day. Many of them can be purchased over the counter. […] Older antihistamines — Older antihistamines start to work quickly and work well to relieve symptoms. Some of them require a prescription, while others can be purchased over the counter. The problem with older antihistamines is that you have to take a dose four to six times per day, and many people have bothersome side effects.

• #55 Hives (Urticaria) (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hives.html

  For chronic hives, the doctor may suggest a non-sedating (non-drowsy) prescription or over-the-counter antihistamine to be taken every day. […] If a non-drowsy antihistamine doesn’t work, the doctor may suggest a stronger antihistamine, another medicine, or a combination of medicines. […] Anaphylactic shock and bad attacks of hives or angioedema are rare. But when they happen, they need immediate medical care.

• #56 Hives (Urticaria) (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hives.html

  For chronic hives, the doctor may suggest a non-sedating (non-drowsy) prescription or over-the-counter antihistamine to be taken every day. […] If a non-drowsy antihistamine doesn’t work, the doctor may suggest a stronger antihistamine, another medicine, or a combination of medicines. […] Anaphylactic shock and bad attacks of hives or angioedema are rare. But when they happen, they need immediate medical care.

• #57 Patient education: Hives (urticaria) (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hives-urticaria-beyond-the-basics/print

  Oral steroids — A high dose of antihistamines is usually recommended before trying other treatments. However, oral steroids (glucocorticoids), such as prednisone, can help to relieve severe acute hives that do not get better with antihistamines. Once the hives have improved, the steroid dose is gradually lowered and then stopped. […] Other medicines — If your hives do not get better with the treatments discussed above, other treatments are available. One example is montelukast, a medicine that helps with itching and hives in some people when used together with antihistamines. If your hives are not responding to the treatments you have been offered, you should see a specialist. Omalizumab is a treatment for very difficult-to-control hives and is given by specialists. It is given as a monthly injection.

• #58 Patient education: Hives (urticaria) (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hives-urticaria-beyond-the-basics/print

  Oral steroids — A high dose of antihistamines is usually recommended before trying other treatments. However, oral steroids (glucocorticoids), such as prednisone, can help to relieve severe acute hives that do not get better with antihistamines. Once the hives have improved, the steroid dose is gradually lowered and then stopped. […] Other medicines — If your hives do not get better with the treatments discussed above, other treatments are available. One example is montelukast, a medicine that helps with itching and hives in some people when used together with antihistamines. If your hives are not responding to the treatments you have been offered, you should see a specialist. Omalizumab is a treatment for very difficult-to-control hives and is given by specialists. It is given as a monthly injection.

• #59 Diagnosis and treatment of urticaria in primary care

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6526977/

  Omalizumab is the only approved, effective, and reliable treatment option for CSU patients with persistent symptoms despite high-dose antihistamine therapy. […] New generation H1 antihistamines are recommended as the first choice in the treatment of urticaria as long-term safety profiles are better. […] The pregnancy category B is indicated for chlorpheniramine, loratadine, cetirizine and levocetirizin is the pregnancy and category C for all other antihistamines. […] Angioedema is not only seen as swelling in the skin and lips but sometimes also causes swelling in the tongue and larynx and may be life threatening. Therefore, treatment of angioedema is important.

• #60 Urticaria & Angioedema | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/care/allergy-immunology/services/urticaria-angioedema

  Urticaria, known as hives, is a common allergic reaction. Hives are the raised, itchy reddish areas on the skin. Hives may begin at any age and can appear without warning. Acute urticaria happens after a specific exposure to an allergen or after a viral infection whereas chronic urticaria lasts for an extended period of time. An allergist will help determine if you have acute or chronic urticaria. […] There isn’t a cure for hives, but medications can help alleviate them. The best treatment for the initial onset of hives are antihistamines. Non-sedating antihistamines will help control the itching with fewer side effects. It may also help to apply a cool compress or wet cloths to the affected areas. You should also sleep in a cool room during an outbreak of hives. Wearing loose-fitting clothing will help you remain comfortable during the outbreak. […] In chronic urticarial, about 50 percent of people will respond to antihistamine as treatment. For the others who don’t respond to antihistamine, Xolair is an option. Xolair is an injectable medication given once a month to people with chronic urticaria.

• #61 Hives: Diagnosis and treatment

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/hives-treatment

  Your treatment plan will be tailored to your needs and may include one or more of the following: Soothing anti-itch lotion or cream. To temporarily relieve the itch, your dermatologist may recommend prax lotion (also called pramoxine), an anti-itch cream containing menthol, calamine lotion, or another anti-itch topical (applied to the skin) that you can buy without a prescription. […] When treating hives, the goals are to: Control the itch. Prevent new hives (existing hives go away on their own). Avoid what’s causing the hives (when known). […] If your child’s hives last for 6 weeks or longer, treatment often begins with trying to find the cause. Many times, the cause cannot be found. If this happens, your dermatologists may prescribe an antihistamine for your child. […] When antihistamines fail to work, your dermatologist may prescribe this medication. It works throughout the body to calm your immune system, which can prevent your body from overreacting and producing hives.

• #62 Hives and angioedema – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hives-and-angioedema/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354914

  To diagnose hives or angioedema, your doctor will likely look at your welts or areas of swelling and ask about your medical history. You may also need blood tests or an allergy skin test. […] If your symptoms are mild, you may not need treatment. Hives and angioedema often clear up on their own. But treatment can offer relief from intense itching, serious discomfort or symptoms that persist. […] Treatments for hives and angioedema may include prescription drugs: Anti-itch drugs. The standard treatment for hives and angioedema is antihistamines that don’t make you drowsy. These medications reduce itching, swelling and other allergy symptoms. They’re available in nonprescription and prescription formulations. […] For a severe attack of hives or angioedema, you may need a trip to the emergency room and an emergency injection of epinephrine a type of adrenaline. If you have had a serious attack or your attacks recur despite treatment, your doctor may have you carry a penlike device that will allow you to self-inject epinephrine in emergencies.

• #63 Hives: Diagnosis and treatment

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/hives-treatment

  If you have hives and develop severe swelling, you may need to carry an auto-injector pen so that you can inject yourself if severe swelling occurs. An auto-injector is filled with a single dose of medication called epinephrine (aka adrenaline). […] If your hives are caused by something physical like cold, heat, or pressure on your skin, your dermatologist may recommend this treatment. It involves exposing you to what is causing your hives, so that you no longer have flare-ups every time you encounter the cause. […] A treatment plan often works best when you follow these dermatologists at-home tips.

• #64 Nursing Care Plan For Urticaria – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-urticaria/

  Urticaria, commonly known as hives, is a dermatological condition characterized by the sudden appearance of raised, red, and intensely pruritic welts on the skin. […] Nursing care for individuals with urticaria is essential to alleviate symptoms, identify potential triggers, and enhance the overall quality of life for affected patients. […] This nursing care plan focuses on a comprehensive and patient-centered approach to managing urticaria. […] Through the implementation of evidence-based interventions and a focus on patient education, the nursing care plan for urticaria seeks to enhance symptom control, improve quality of life, and promote long-term management strategies for individuals grappling with this unpredictable and often distressing skin condition. […] A comprehensive nursing assessment for urticaria encompasses a detailed exploration of the patients medical history, an examination of skin lesions, and collaboration with other healthcare professionals to identify potential triggers.

• #65 Nursing Care Plan For Urticaria – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-urticaria/

  Urticaria, commonly known as hives, is a dermatological condition characterized by the sudden appearance of raised, red, and intensely pruritic welts on the skin. […] Nursing care for individuals with urticaria is essential to alleviate symptoms, identify potential triggers, and enhance the overall quality of life for affected patients. […] This nursing care plan focuses on a comprehensive and patient-centered approach to managing urticaria. […] Through the implementation of evidence-based interventions and a focus on patient education, the nursing care plan for urticaria seeks to enhance symptom control, improve quality of life, and promote long-term management strategies for individuals grappling with this unpredictable and often distressing skin condition. […] A comprehensive nursing assessment for urticaria encompasses a detailed exploration of the patients medical history, an examination of skin lesions, and collaboration with other healthcare professionals to identify potential triggers.

• #66 Nursing Care Plan For Urticaria – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-urticaria/

  Nursing diagnoses for urticaria aim to address both the physical and psychosocial aspects of the condition. […] Nursing interventions for urticaria aim to address both the acute symptoms and the broader impact on the patients well-being. […] By implementing evidence-based interventions and collaborating with healthcare professionals, nurses play a crucial role in alleviating symptoms, identifying triggers, and enhancing the overall quality of life for patients with urticaria. […] The care plan emphasizes the use of antihistamines, both topically and systemically, along with cool compresses and moisturizing emollients to manage itching and inflammation. […] The psychosocial impact of urticaria is addressed through psychosocial support, counseling, and education on coping strategies. […] Regular follow-up assessments and ongoing communication with the healthcare team are essential components of the care plan, allowing for adjustments based on the patients response and any changes in the condition.

• #67 Nursing Care Plan For Urticaria – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-urticaria/

  Nursing diagnoses for urticaria aim to address both the physical and psychosocial aspects of the condition. […] Nursing interventions for urticaria aim to address both the acute symptoms and the broader impact on the patients well-being. […] By implementing evidence-based interventions and collaborating with healthcare professionals, nurses play a crucial role in alleviating symptoms, identifying triggers, and enhancing the overall quality of life for patients with urticaria. […] The care plan emphasizes the use of antihistamines, both topically and systemically, along with cool compresses and moisturizing emollients to manage itching and inflammation. […] The psychosocial impact of urticaria is addressed through psychosocial support, counseling, and education on coping strategies. […] Regular follow-up assessments and ongoing communication with the healthcare team are essential components of the care plan, allowing for adjustments based on the patients response and any changes in the condition.

• #68 Nursing Care Plan For Urticaria – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-urticaria/

  Nursing diagnoses for urticaria aim to address both the physical and psychosocial aspects of the condition. […] Nursing interventions for urticaria aim to address both the acute symptoms and the broader impact on the patients well-being. […] By implementing evidence-based interventions and collaborating with healthcare professionals, nurses play a crucial role in alleviating symptoms, identifying triggers, and enhancing the overall quality of life for patients with urticaria. […] The care plan emphasizes the use of antihistamines, both topically and systemically, along with cool compresses and moisturizing emollients to manage itching and inflammation. […] The psychosocial impact of urticaria is addressed through psychosocial support, counseling, and education on coping strategies. […] Regular follow-up assessments and ongoing communication with the healthcare team are essential components of the care plan, allowing for adjustments based on the patients response and any changes in the condition.

• #69 Nursing Care Plan For Urticaria – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-urticaria/

  Nursing diagnoses for urticaria aim to address both the physical and psychosocial aspects of the condition. […] Nursing interventions for urticaria aim to address both the acute symptoms and the broader impact on the patients well-being. […] By implementing evidence-based interventions and collaborating with healthcare professionals, nurses play a crucial role in alleviating symptoms, identifying triggers, and enhancing the overall quality of life for patients with urticaria. […] The care plan emphasizes the use of antihistamines, both topically and systemically, along with cool compresses and moisturizing emollients to manage itching and inflammation. […] The psychosocial impact of urticaria is addressed through psychosocial support, counseling, and education on coping strategies. […] Regular follow-up assessments and ongoing communication with the healthcare team are essential components of the care plan, allowing for adjustments based on the patients response and any changes in the condition.

• #70

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=uf7049

  Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line (811 in most provinces and territories) if you are having problems. […] Many times hives are caused by something you can’t avoid, like a virus or bacteria, or you may not know the cause. But if you think they were caused by a certain food or medicine, avoid it. […] Take a non-drowsy antihistamine, such as loratadine (Claritin), to help stop the hives and calm the itching. Be safe with medicines. Read and follow all instructions on the label. […] Call your doctor or nurse advice line now or seek immediate medical care if: You have symptoms of an allergic reaction, such as: A rash or hives (raised, red areas on the skin). […] You get hives after you start a new medicine. […] Hives have not gone away after 24 hours.

• #71 Hives: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.hives-care-instructions.uf7049

  Hives are an allergic reaction of the skin. They can happen because of a reaction to medicine, food, or infection. Other things can also cause hives. But sometimes the cause is unknown. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor if you are having problems. It’s also a good idea to know your test results and keep a list of the medicines you take. […] Many times hives are caused by something you can’t avoid, like a virus or bacteria, or you may not know the cause. But if you think they were caused by a certain food or medicine, avoid it. […] Take a nondrowsy antihistamine, such as loratadine (Claritin), to help stop the hives and calm the itching. Be safe with medicines. Read and follow all instructions on the label. […] Call your doctor now or seek immediate medical care if: You have symptoms of an allergic reaction, such as: A rash or hives (raised, red areas on the skin). […] You get hives after you start a new medicine. […] Hives have not gone away after 24 hours.

• #72

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=uf7064

  Chronic hives are long-lasting raised, red, and itchy patches of skin. Hives usually have red borders and pale centres. They range in size from centimetre to 8 centimetres ( inch to 3 inches) or more across. They may seem to move from place to place on the skin. Several hives may join to form a large area of raised, red skin. […] When hives and swelling last more than 6 weeks even with treatment, they are called chronic. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line (811 in most provinces and territories) if you are having problems. It’s also a good idea to know your test results and keep a list of the medicines you take. […] Avoid whatever you think may have caused your hives, such as a certain food or medicine. But you may not know the cause.

• #73 Home Care for Hives (Urticaria)

  https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/features/hives-home-remedies

  You can have chronic hives for weeks at a time. Your goal is to find relief, even just for a little while. […] Medications help, but lifestyle changes can make you more comfortable, too. […] Hives come from a reaction inside the body, so creams and salves wont help to get rid of them, Joks says. But you may get relief from anti-itch products such as 1% menthol in aqueous cream. […] Its also helpful to keep a diary of your breakouts. Include what you had been doing and eating before they happen. You may be able to find out what your triggers are. If you know them, it will be easier to avoid them. […] Its possible to have an allergic reaction called anaphylaxis. Get help right away if any of the following come with an outbreak:

• #74 Hives Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/hives

  Hives are raised, often itchy, red bumps (welts) on the surface of the skin. They can be an allergic reaction to food or medicine. They can also appear without cause. […] Symptoms of hives may include any of the following: Itching. Swelling of the surface of the skin into red- or skin-colored welts (called wheals) with clearly defined edges. Wheals may get bigger, spread, and join together to form larger areas of flat, raised skin. Wheals often change shape, disappear, and reappear within minutes or hours. It is unusual for a wheal to last more than 48 hours. […] Treatment may not be needed if the hives are mild. They may disappear on their own. To reduce itching and swelling: Do not take hot baths or showers. Do not wear tight-fitting clothing, which can irritate the area. Your provider may suggest that you take an antihistamine such as diphenhydramine (Benadryl) or cetirizine (Zyrtec). Follow your provider’s instructions or the package instructions about how to take the medicine. Other oral prescription medicines may be needed, especially if the hives are chronic (long-lasting).

• #75 Hives: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8630-hives

  Acute hives are often an allergic reaction to something you put into your body, like food, drink or medication, or something that you touch. […] Chronic hives aren’t usually caused by allergies. […] Chronic hives do last for long periods of time but usually aren’t permanent. […] Most of the time, hives go away without treatment. […] Treatments include: Allergy medications: Medicines called antihistamines block histamines effects. […] For hard-to-treat chronic hives, your healthcare provider may discuss monthly injections of drugs that block allergic reactions. […] To relieve hives, you can take a cool bath or shower, wear loose-fitting clothing and apply cold compresses. […] Corticosteroids, such as prednisone, can relieve hive symptoms that don’t respond to antihistamines or topical steroids.

• #76

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/tips-tools/symptom-checker/Pages/symptomviewer.aspx?symptom=Hives

  Allergy Medicine for Hives All Over the Body: Give Benadryl 4 times per day for hives all over that itch. Age limit: 1 and older. Use an allergy medicine until the hives are gone for 12 hours. If the hives last more than a few days, switch to a long-acting antihistamine, such as Zyrtec. No prescription is needed. Age limit: 6 months and older. […] Hives Caused by Foods: Foods can cause widespread hives. Sometimes, the hives are just around the mouth. Hives from foods usually last just a short time. They often are gone in less than 6 hours. […] Cool Bath for Itching: To help with the itching, give a cool bath. Do this for 10 minutes. Caution: avoid causing a chill. Can also rub very itchy spots with an ice cube for 10 minutes. […] Wash Allergens Off Body: Give a bath or shower if caused by pollens or animal contact. Change clothes.

• #77 Hives Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/hives

  Hives may be uncomfortable, but they are usually harmless and disappear on their own. When the condition lasts longer than 6 weeks, it is called chronic hives. Usually no cause can be found. Most chronic hives resolve on their own in less than 1 year. […] Complications of hives may include: Anaphylaxis (a life-threatening, whole-body allergic reaction that causes breathing difficulty) […] To help prevent hives, avoid exposure to substances that give you allergic reactions.

• #78 Hives: Diagnosis and treatment

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/hives-treatment

  Hives can require emergency care. Go to urgent care or the nearest emergency room if you have any of the following: Swelling on your face, inside your mouth, or in your throat. Problems swallowing or breathing. Feel light-headed or faint. Racing heart. Swelling on your face or inside your mouth or throat can cause problems breathing or swallowing, which can come up quickly. For many people, hives are mild. If you have a mild case, it will likely go away in a few days. To get relief until then, dermatologists recommend that you take an antihistamine (non-drowsy, 24-hour relief) and use these home remedies. […] It can be helpful to see a board-certified dermatologist if hives: Last longer than 6 weeks. Cover a large area of your body. Are caused by an allergy. […] A dermatologist can often diagnose hives by looking at your skin. While your dermatologist may diagnose you during your first office visit, finding the exact cause of hives can take time.

• #79 Urgent Care for Hives: When to Get Help Quickly

  https://www.healthline.com/health/urgent-care-for-hives

  Hives usually arent a sign of a serious medical condition. But their sudden appearance may merit a trip to urgent care or the emergency room if they show up along with other symptoms. […] Hives develop when your body releases a substance called histamine in response to a perceived threat, like a toxin or infection. But the body also sometimes releases histamine even though there isnt a real threat. An allergic reaction to a bug bite, medication, or food can trigger this. […] If hives are accompanied by symptoms like trouble breathing, you may need to get urgent care. […] An ER is the right choice for any life threatening illness or injury. Along with hives, if you also have any shortness of breath, swelling in the throat, or wheezing, call emergency medical services or go to an ER immediately. This could be a sign of a severe allergic reaction called anaphylaxis.

• #80 Hives: Diagnosis and treatment

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/hives-treatment

  Hives can require emergency care. Go to urgent care or the nearest emergency room if you have any of the following: Swelling on your face, inside your mouth, or in your throat. Problems swallowing or breathing. Feel light-headed or faint. Racing heart. Swelling on your face or inside your mouth or throat can cause problems breathing or swallowing, which can come up quickly. For many people, hives are mild. If you have a mild case, it will likely go away in a few days. To get relief until then, dermatologists recommend that you take an antihistamine (non-drowsy, 24-hour relief) and use these home remedies. […] It can be helpful to see a board-certified dermatologist if hives: Last longer than 6 weeks. Cover a large area of your body. Are caused by an allergy. […] A dermatologist can often diagnose hives by looking at your skin. While your dermatologist may diagnose you during your first office visit, finding the exact cause of hives can take time.

• #81 Hives: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8630-hives

  Severe acute allergic reactions can lead to a life-threatening condition called anaphylaxis. […] For most people, hives don’t cause serious problems. […] If you have anaphylaxis, you need an immediate shot of epinephrine, such as injectable epinephrine (EpiPen or AUVI-Q). […] Your healthcare provider can use the results of allergy tests to help you figure out which substances bring on acute hives. […] It may not be possible to prevent chronic hives. […] Chronic hives won’t go away in a few weeks.

• #82 Hives (Urticaria) | Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://acaai.org/allergies/allergic-conditions/skin-allergy/hives/

  Antihistamines – available either over the counter or by prescription – are a frequently recommended treatment for hives. They work by blocking the effect of histamine, a chemical in the skin that can cause allergy symptoms, including welts. […] If your reaction involves swelling of your tongue or lips, or you have trouble breathing, your allergist may prescribe an epinephrine (adrenaline) auto-injector for you to keep on hand at all times. […] If the cause of hives can be identified, the best treatment is to avoid the trigger or eliminate it. […] Some cases of hives last for more than six weeks and can last months or years. This condition is known as chronic hives. […] Life’s too short to struggle with hives. Find answers with an allergist.

• #83 Nursing Care Plan For Urticaria – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-urticaria/

  Nursing diagnoses for urticaria aim to address both the physical and psychosocial aspects of the condition. […] Nursing interventions for urticaria aim to address both the acute symptoms and the broader impact on the patients well-being. […] By implementing evidence-based interventions and collaborating with healthcare professionals, nurses play a crucial role in alleviating symptoms, identifying triggers, and enhancing the overall quality of life for patients with urticaria. […] The care plan emphasizes the use of antihistamines, both topically and systemically, along with cool compresses and moisturizing emollients to manage itching and inflammation. […] The psychosocial impact of urticaria is addressed through psychosocial support, counseling, and education on coping strategies. […] Regular follow-up assessments and ongoing communication with the healthcare team are essential components of the care plan, allowing for adjustments based on the patients response and any changes in the condition.

• #84 Nursing Care Plan For Urticaria – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-urticaria/

  Urticaria, commonly known as hives, is a dermatological condition characterized by the sudden appearance of raised, red, and intensely pruritic welts on the skin. […] Nursing care for individuals with urticaria is essential to alleviate symptoms, identify potential triggers, and enhance the overall quality of life for affected patients. […] This nursing care plan focuses on a comprehensive and patient-centered approach to managing urticaria. […] Through the implementation of evidence-based interventions and a focus on patient education, the nursing care plan for urticaria seeks to enhance symptom control, improve quality of life, and promote long-term management strategies for individuals grappling with this unpredictable and often distressing skin condition. […] A comprehensive nursing assessment for urticaria encompasses a detailed exploration of the patients medical history, an examination of skin lesions, and collaboration with other healthcare professionals to identify potential triggers.

• #85 Managing chronic spontaneous urticaria (hives) in primary care

  https://journals.rcni.com/nursing-standard/evidence-and-practice/managing-chronic-spontaneous-urticaria-hives-in-primary-care-ns.2018.e11198

  Chronic spontaneous urticaria is characterised by the spontaneous appearance of hives or wheals, and/or angioedema, lasting for at least six weeks. […] Nurses have an important role in the differential diagnosis of chronic spontaneous urticaria, assessing patients quality of life, providing advice on non-pharmacological measures, monitoring the patients response to treatment, and referring the patient for specialist care, where appropriate. […] This article describes the presentation, diagnosis and management of chronic spontaneous urticaria in primary care. […] To understand the aspects of optimal nursing care for patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria.

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