Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Hives (Urticaria) | Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://acaai.org/allergies/allergic-conditions/skin-allergy/hives/

  Hives, also known as urticaria, affects about 20 percent of people at some time during their lives. It can be triggered by many substances or situations and usually starts as an itchy patch of skin that turns into swollen red welts. […] The itching from hives may range from mild to severe. […] Symptoms can last anywhere from minutes to months – or even years. […] Hives can appear on any area of the body; they may change shape, move around, disappear and reappear over short periods of time. […] The bumps – red or skin-colored “wheals” with clear edges – usually appear suddenly and go away just as quickly. […] There are two types of hives – short-lived (acute) and long-term (chronic). Neither is typically life-threatening, though any swelling in the throat or any other symptom that restricts breathing requires immediate emergency care.

• #1 Hives: Signs and symptoms

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/hives-symptoms

  Swelling on your face, tongue, or throat? Go to urgent care or your nearest emergency room. Swelling in any one of these areas can cause problems breathing or swallowing, which can come up quickly. […] This skin condition causes bumps and raised patches called hives. A single bump or patch is called a hive. […] When you have hives on your skin, they can: Itch, often intensely; Burn or sting; Feel warm to the touch. […] Some people also develop deep swelling called angioedema (an-jee-oh-uh-DEE-mah). This commonly develops on the face, especially the eyelids or lips. It can also affect the tongue, throat, arms, or legs. […] Hives can itch, sometimes intensely. Rather than itch, some people say the welts burn or sting. Because the skin is inflamed, hives often feel warm to the touch. […] Hives tend to appear suddenly and go away on their own. An individual hive will usually disappear within 24 hours, but new hives can appear. Most cases of hives go away within a few weeks, but some last longer.

• #1 Hives (urticaria) – treatment, causes and symptoms | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/hives

  Hives, also known as 'urticaria’ or 'nettle rash’, is a skin rash that can occur for a range of reasons, including allergies, medicines or infections. […] A hive rash looks like red or skin-coloured raised bumps or welts on the skin, which are usually itchy. […] A hives rash is caused when the body produces a substance called histamine, which is released by the body in response to a perceived threat. […] The hives rash looks like raised bumps or welts on the skin that are usually itchy, but may also sting. These can be red or skin-coloured. The raised areas of skin are known as wheals. […] Patches of hives often join together to form larger swollen patches or urticaria. The affected area of skin can vary in size from quite small to about as large as a dinner plate. […] The hives rash can last for a few minutes to hours, and usually disappears within 24 hours. In rare cases, the rash can last for weeks.

• #1 Hives: Causes, Risks, Prevention, and Pictures

  https://www.healthline.com/health/hives

  Hives typically occur as an allergic response to something in your environment or something you ate. […] Hives, also known as urticaria, are itchy, raised welts that are found on the skin. […] In many cases, hives are an acute (temporary) problem that may be alleviated with allergy medications. […] However, chronic (ongoing) cases, as well as hives accompanied by a severe allergic reaction, are larger medical concerns. […] The most noticeable symptom of hives is the welts that appear on the skin. […] Hives are itchy, and they tend to appear in batches on the affected part of the body. […] Hives may disappear or reappear over the course of the outbreak. […] You may suspect chronic hives if you have welts that dont go away within 6 weeks. […] While not life threatening, this form of hives can be uncomfortable and difficult to treat.

• #1 Chronic Spontaneous/Idiopathic Urticaria (Chronic Hives)

  https://acaai.org/allergies/allergic-conditions/skin-allergy/chronic-hives/

  Chronic hive symptoms are generally the same as “short-lived” hive symptoms but appear at least twice a week and last more than six weeks. […] Rarely, cases of hives last more than six weeks and can last months or up to 5 years. This condition is known as chronic spontaneous/idiopathic urticaria (ongoing, of unknown cause). […] Chronic hives can be very frustrating and challenging to find the etiology (true cause) and to control. […] Chronic hive symptoms are generally the same as “short-lived” hive symptoms but appear at least twice a week and last more than six weeks. […] Symptoms include: Raised itchy bumps, either red or skin-colored. […] “Blanching” (when pressed, the center of a red hive turns white).

• #1 Hives

  https://www.rch.org.au/kidsinfo/fact_sheets/hives/

  Hives are slightly raised, red patches of skin called wheals (or welts). They occur in groups on any part of the body, and can look like mosquito bites. They are often itchy, but sometimes also sting. The medical word for hives is urticaria. […] Hives can be a sign of an allergic reaction to things like food or an insect sting. Hives are very common one out of every five people will have hives at some time in their life. It is common for hives to occur in children where there is no identifiable cause, this is called idiopathic urticaria. […] If your child has hives, they may have raised round wheals that look like mosquito bites. The wheals are red on the outside and can be white in the middle. […] Hives are normally very itchy, but can also sting. […] A single wheal often lasts several hours before fading without trace.

• #1 Patient education: Hives (urticaria) (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hives-urticaria-beyond-the-basics

  HIVES SYMPTOMS […] Skin appearance — Hives are raised areas that itch intensely. Hives might look reddish in color on light-colored skin. The color changes can be hard to see on darker skin. In some cases, the raised areas enlarge and merge together. Itching is usually the most bothersome symptom of hives, and it may be severe enough to interfere with work and sleep. […] Severe pain, blood blister-like spots, and bruising of the skin are not typical of hives. Having hives along with a fever and joint pains is also not typical. These symptoms suggest a different condition called urticarial vasculitis, which requires a different treatment. […] Angioedema — In up to one-half of people with hives, a condition called angioedema also develops. Angioedema is similar to hives but occurs in the deeper layers of skin. Hives and angioedema can occur at the same time. Symptoms of angioedema include: Puffiness of the face, eyelids, ears, mouth, hands, feet, and genitalia; Swelling that usually affects one side of the body or affects one side more than the other; A sensation of fullness or discomfort in the area of the swelling; Slight redness of the skin, although the skin may also be normal in color. […] Hives can also occur as part of a more serious allergic reaction. You should see a doctor or nurse as soon as possible if you develop hives or angioedema suddenly, along with other symptoms such as: Trouble breathing; Tightness in the throat; Nausea or vomiting; Cramping abdominal pain; Passing out.

• #1 Hives – Allergy & Asthma Network

  https://allergyasthmanetwork.org/allergies/hives/

  An estimated 20 percent of people will have hives at some point in their lives. […] Chronic or recurrent hives can affect your quality of life. Their appearance may affect your social life. The itching can not only be annoying, but also cause sleep issues. It is normal to feel frustrated. This is especially true if the cause of your hives is unknown. […] A person can develop acute hives (or acute urticaria) or chronic hives. Acute hives typically last from a few days to 1-2 weeks. However, some people develop hives that can last up to six weeks. […] If hives last more than six weeks, your doctor may diagnose your hives as a case of chronic urticaria. […] For many people who develop hives, itch is a big concern. It can feel like an unending cycle of itching and scratching, and then itching and scratching again as symptoms worsen. It can affect quality of life and impact sleep, especially in children.

• #1 Hives: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000845.htm

  Hives are raised, often itchy, red bumps (welts) on the surface of the skin. They can be an allergic reaction to food or medicine. They can also appear without cause. […] Symptoms of hives may include any of the following: Itching. Swelling of the surface of the skin into red- or skin-colored welts (called wheals) with clearly defined edges. Wheals may get bigger, spread, and join together to form larger areas of flat, raised skin. Wheals often change shape, disappear, and reappear within minutes or hours. It is unusual for a wheal to last more than 48 hours. […] Hives may be uncomfortable, but they are usually harmless and disappear on their own. When the condition lasts longer than 6 weeks, it is called chronic hives. Usually no cause can be found. Most chronic hives resolve on their own in less than 1 year.

• #1 Hives (Urticaria) Causes, Fast Treatment, Symptoms, Pictures

  https://www.medicinenet.com/hives/article.htm

  Hives typically are not associated with long-term or serious complications. Hives (medically known as urticaria) appear on the skin as welts that are red, very itchy, smoothly elevated areas often with a blanched center. They appear in varying shapes and sizes, from a few millimeters to several centimeters in diameter anywhere on the body. […] One hallmark of hives is their tendency to change size rapidly and move around, disappearing in one place and reappearing in other places, often in hours. An individual hive usually lasts no longer than 24 hours. An outbreak that looks impressive, even alarming, first thing in the morning can be completely gone by noon, only to be back in full force later in the day. […] Symptoms of ordinary hives flare up suddenly and usually for no specific reason. Welts appear, often in several places. The welts may be skin-colored, pink, or red, and they flare, itch, cause swelling, and go away in a matter of a few minutes to hours, only to appear elsewhere. This sequence may go on from days to weeks. Most episodes of hives last less than six weeks. Although that cutoff point is arbitrary, cases of hives that last more than six weeks are often called chronic hives.

• #1 Hives: Signs and symptoms

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/hives-symptoms

  As new hives appear, they may develop on different parts of your skin. If they occur in the same place every time, theyre called fixed hives. When hives are fixed, this usually means that something physical is triggering them like medication, stress, or sunlight. […] Deep swelling rarely itches, but it can feel painful. If you have deep swelling on your face, in your mouth, or inside your throat, get immediate medical care.

• #1 Patient education: Hives (urticaria) (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hives-urticaria-beyond-the-basics/print

  HIVES SYMPTOMS […] Skin appearance — Hives are raised areas that itch intensely. Hives might look reddish in color on light-colored skin. The color changes can be hard to see on darker skin. In some cases, the raised areas enlarge and merge together. Itching is usually the most bothersome symptom of hives, and it may be severe enough to interfere with work and sleep. […] Severe pain, blood blister-like spots, and bruising of the skin are not typical of hives. Having hives along with a fever and joint pains is also not typical. These symptoms suggest a different condition called urticarial vasculitis, which requires a different treatment. […] Angioedema — In up to one-half of people with hives, a condition called angioedema also develops. Angioedema is similar to hives but occurs in the deeper layers of skin. Hives and angioedema can occur at the same time.

• #1 Patient education: Hives (urticaria) (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hives-urticaria-beyond-the-basics/print

  Symptoms of angioedema include: […] • Puffiness of the face, eyelids, ears, mouth, hands, feet, and genitalia […] • Swelling that usually affects one side of the body or affects one side more than the other […] • A sensation of fullness or discomfort in the area of the swelling […] • Slight redness of the skin, although the skin may also be normal in color […] Hives as part of a serious allergic reaction — Hives can also occur as part of a more serious allergic reaction. You should see a doctor or nurse as soon as possible if you develop hives or angioedema suddenly, along with other symptoms such as: […] • Trouble breathing […] • Tightness in the throat […] • Nausea or vomiting […] • Cramping abdominal pain […] • Passing out […] TYPES OF HIVES […] Hives are classified based upon how long you have the hives. Hives can be:

• #1 Hives (Urticaria) Condition, Treatments and Pictures for Adults – Skinsight

  https://skinsight.com/skin-conditions/urticaria-hives/

  Swelling of the eyes, mouth, hands, feet, or genitals can sometimes occur with hives. This swelling, called angioedema, usually goes away within 24 hours, but it can be quite severe and life-threatening when swelling of the airway occurs. Hives are usually itchy, but they can also burn or sting. […] The best treatment for hives is to discover any triggers and stop your exposure to them. However, most people with hives do not know the cause and require medications to get rid of them. The most common medications for hives include non-sleep-causing (nonsedating) antihistamines such as loratadine (Claritin), fexofenadine (Allegra), desloratadine (Clarinex, Aerius), or cetirizine (Zyrtec). In rare instances, your medical professional might prescribe oral corticosteroid pills (a steroid). […] Call 911 if you are feeling lightheaded or are having difficulty breathing or swallowing associated with your hives. In nonurgent situations with hives, see a medical professional if the hives do not improve with treatment or if they continue to appear for more than a few days.

• #1 Patient education: Hives (urticaria) (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hives-urticaria-beyond-the-basics

  HIVES PROGRESSION […] Hives are classified based upon how long you have the hives. Hives can be: Acute (brief); Chronic (longstanding); Inducible (triggered by certain types of physical stimulation, such as heat, cold, or sun exposure). When you first get hives, you cannot tell how long they will last, and so you cannot tell if you have acute or chronic hives. […] Chronic hives occur daily or almost daily and last longer than six weeks, sometimes for years. Chronic hives can be frustrating because they come and go and can interfere with sleep, work, or school. Hives affect how you look, and people may worry about being near you for fear that you have a contagious infection. However, it is important to remember the following: Hives are not contagious; Chronic hives are rarely permanent; almost 50 percent of people are hive free within one year; Chronic hives are rarely caused by allergies and are not life threatening; The bothersome symptoms of chronic hives are treatable in most people. In most cases of chronic hives, the cause is unknown. Researchers suspect that problems in the immune system play a role.

• #1 Hives: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8630-hives

  Hives are a type of allergic reaction that creates itchy bumps on your skin. […] Hives are raised red bumps (welts) or splotches on the skin. […] Hives tend to fade within 24 hours, although they may be noticeable for several days or longer. […] Acute urticaria refers to hives that don’t last very long (less than six weeks). Chronic urticaria refers to hives that happen at least twice a week for more than six weeks. […] Chronic hives do last for long periods of time but usually aren’t permanent. They can be uncomfortable, but they aren’t life-threatening. […] Hives look different depending on the person and the situation. […] Signs of acute hives include raised welts or bumps on your skin, itchy skin, and swelling under your skin causing puffiness (angioedema). […] In many respects, chronic hives and acute hives may look alike: they can be itchy, swollen raised welts that turn lighter in the center and with pressure. However, chronic hives can shift sizes and shapes, appear, disappear and then reappear at least every few days for long periods of time, even months or years.

• #1 Hives (Urticaria): Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/skin-conditions/hives-inducible-urticaria

  Hives are itchy red or white bumps on the skin that look like a nettle rash. Hives are caused by a release of histamine; sometimes this is due to a physical stimulus. Urticaria can be called acute (short-lived episode) or chronic (persisting). Hives can be triggered by a number of different physical causes. The reason why a rash appears in affected people is not clear. The physical stimulus causes a release of histamine and other chemicals, which causes the rash. Hives can be classed as follows: Acute – if it develops suddenly and lasts less than six weeks. Most cases last 24-48 hours. Chronic – if it persists longer than six weeks. This is uncommon. An itchy rash is the main symptom of hives (urticaria). The rash can appear anywhere on the body. Small, raised areas called wheals develop on the skin. The wheals look like mild blisters and are itchy. Each wheal is white or red and is usually surrounded by a small red area of skin which is called a flare. Each wheal usually lasts less than 24 hours. However, as some fade away, others may appear. It can then seem as if the rash is moving around the body. The rash may clear completely only to return a few hours or days later. Symptoms may go away completely after a few months; however, the condition lasts several years in some cases. In about half of cases, symptoms go within 3-5 years after the condition first starts. In about 1 in 5 cases the symptoms persist on and off for more than 10 years.

• #1 Patient education: Hives (urticaria) (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hives-urticaria-beyond-the-basics/print

  • Acute (brief) […] • Chronic (longstanding) […] • Inducible (triggered by certain types of physical stimulation, such as heat, cold, or sun exposure) […] When you first get hives, you cannot tell how long they will last, and so you cannot tell if you have acute or chronic hives. […] Although all types of hives look similar, they often have different triggers. Learning what triggers your hives can help you to avoid the trigger. […] Acute hives — Most cases of hives are acute and will not last beyond a few days to one week or two. Triggers of acute hives can include the following: […] • Infections – Infections can cause hives in some people. In fact, viral infections cause more than 80 percent of all cases of acute hives in children. A variety of viruses can cause hives (even routine cold viruses). The hives seem to appear as the immune system begins to clear the infection, sometimes one week or more after the illness begins. The hives usually persist for one week or two and then disappear.

• #1 Hives — The Center for Allergy & Immunology

  https://www.kcallergycenter.com/hives

  Nearly one in four people have experienced itchy, red or white bumps, welts or patches on the skin called hives. The medical name for this condition is urticaria (ur-tih-CAR-ee-uh). Some hives are classified as acute hives and other cases are chronic. The difference depends on how long the symptoms last. […] In most cases, hives come and go within a few hours. But they can show up again and again in some people. […] Acute hives can last less than a day, or up to six weeks. Acute hives can be a reaction triggered by coming in contact with an allergen such as a food, animal dander, insect bite, latex or pollen. Identifying and avoiding the trigger can help prevent this allergic reaction from reoccurring. […] If you have had hives on most days for more than six weeks, you probably do not have an allergy. Allergy as the cause of the hives is found in less than 5% of people with the condition. Hives that last this long are called chronic hives. In most cases, doctors do not know what causes chronic hives. […] If you have chronic hives, you will probably need to take medicines every day to control them. Luckily, chronic hives do usually go away with time. […] Whether acute or chronic, hives are often very itchy. This is because the swelling occurs in the layer of skin that has many nerve endings.

• #1 Chronic Spontaneous/Idiopathic Urticaria (Chronic Hives)

  https://acaai.org/allergies/allergic-conditions/skin-allergy/chronic-hives/

• #1 Hives (Urticaria) | Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://acaai.org/allergies/allergic-conditions/skin-allergy/hives/

  Chronic hives occur almost daily for more than six weeks and are typically itchy. Each hive lasts less than 24 hours. They do not bruise nor leave any scar. They typically do not have an identifiable trigger. […] If your hives last more than a month or if they recur over time, see an allergist, who will take a history and perform a thorough physical exam to try and determine the cause of your symptoms. […] Some cases of hives last for more than six weeks and can last months or years. This condition is known as chronic hives. […] If the cause cannot be identified, even after a detailed history and testing, the condition is called chronic idiopathic urticaria. […] Chronic hives may also be associated with thyroid disease, other hormonal problems or, in very rare instances, cancer. Even this condition usually dissipates over time.

• #1 Breaking Out in Hives? 6 Causes and How To Get Relief

  https://www.health.com/condition/allergy/hives-causes

  Your skin typically itches and is covered in red or skin-colored welts if you are breaking out in hives, medically known as urticaria. Hives typically develop when you are allergic to a substance like pet dander, pollen, or latex. Allergens trigger your body to release histamine into your blood. […] Chronic hives, which persist for more than six weeks at a time, can be a telltale sign of a more significant cause. Extensive blood work may be necessary to pinpoint the underlying issue. […] People with lupus, lymphoma, thyroid disease, or hepatitis might have hives as a symptom of their illness. Viral infections, such as COVID-19, could also cause hives. […] Intense emotional responses can trigger a hives outbreak. For those with chronic hives, stress can worsen hives and cause intense itching. The relationship can also happen the other way around: hives can impair emotional functioning.

• #1 Urticaria and Other Skin Allergy | Allergy UK | National Charity

  https://www.allergyuk.org/types-of-allergies/urticaria-hives-other-skin-allergy/

  The main symptom of hives is an itchy rash and the rash can appear as raised bumps or patches in many shapes and sizes. […] Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) can be diagnosed with a detailed patient history. A GP will usually ask a patient to keep a symptom diary to record any potential triggers in order to exclude or confirm a diagnosis of CSU. […] People living with CSU experience unpredictable outbreaks of itchy and painful wheals which can have a knock-on effect on their work, sleep, hobbies and social activities. Nearly three quarters of people living with CSU report having to miss out on social occasions because of their skin condition. […] Most people living with the condition experience symptoms of CSU for at least a year, with a considerable proportion of people experiencing symptoms for much longer. […] The unpredictable nature of CSU has a strong emotional and psychological impact and is associated with a more substantial effect on quality of life than other skin conditions.

• #1 What is Chronic Urticaria? – Allergy & Asthma Network

  https://allergyasthmanetwork.org/chronic-urticaria/

  Chronic urticaria can last from 6 weeks to years. They can last for weeks at a time, go away for a while, and then come back later. This can go on for years. […] Chronic urticaria is a frustrating and uncomfortable condition. But thankfully its not a life-threatening condition. Treatment with antihistamines or other medications will usually clear up symptoms. But chronic urticaria can have a significant impact on a persons quality of life. […] People with chronic hives experience swelling, itching and pain. This can cause sleep disturbances. It may lead to stress and emotional difficulties including anxiety and depression. All these contribute to a lower quality of life. The more severe the urticaria is, the greater the impact on quality of life. […] About 30 40% of chronic urticaria cases are related to an autoimmune condition and can be considered autoimmune urticaria.

• #1 Patient education: Hives (urticaria) (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hives-urticaria-beyond-the-basics/print

  • Chronic hives are rarely caused by allergies and are not life threatening. […] • The bothersome symptoms of chronic hives are treatable in most people. […] In most cases of chronic hives, the cause is unknown. Researchers suspect that problems in the immune system play a role. […] Hives can be a sign of several other medical or autoimmune conditions, including thyroid or liver diseases, chronic infections, or lupus. Most people with one of these conditions will have other symptoms apart from hives. […] Inducible hives — Hives can be triggered by a variety of physical factors: […] • Exposure to cold – The hives often appear as the cold skin warms again. […] • Changes in body temperature or sweating – These hives are often tiny and numerous and appear on reddened skin. […] • Vibration – Palms may become red, swollen, and itchy after holding onto the handle of a lawnmower.

• #1 Patient education: Hives (urticaria) (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hives-urticaria-beyond-the-basics/print

  • Physical contact – Hives can occur after you touch certain substances if you are allergic to them. For example, children who are allergic to dogs may get hives if a dog licks them. Other things that can cause hives (if you are allergic) include plants, raw fruits and vegetables, and latex. […] Chronic hives — Chronic hives occur daily or almost daily and last longer than six weeks, sometimes for years. Chronic hives can be frustrating because they come and go and can interfere with sleep, work, or school. Hives affect how you look, and people may worry about being near you for fear that you have a contagious infection. […] However, it is important to remember the following: […] • Hives are not contagious. […] • Chronic hives are rarely permanent; almost 50 percent of people are hive free within one year.

• #1 Hives, Urticaria, and Angioedema: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/allergies/hives-urticaria-angioedema

  Acute urticaria and/or angioedema: With these conditions, hives or swelling lasts less than 6 weeks. […] Chronic urticaria and/or angioedema: Hives or swelling that lasts more than 6 weeks. The cause is usually harder to find than in acute cases. […] Physical urticaria: Hives caused by direct physical stimulation of the skin for example, cold, heat, sunlight, vibration, pressure, sweating, and exercise. […] Dermatographism: Hives that form after firmly stroking or scratching the skin. […] The best treatment is to identify and remove the trigger. But thats not always easy. […] If you have chronic hives, you may need antihistamines or a combination of medications, such as steroids or a biologic drug.

• #1 Patient education: Hives (urticaria) (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hives-urticaria-beyond-the-basics/print

  • Delayed pressure – Hives on the palms or the soles of the feet can occur hours after carrying heavy objects or walking long distances. Because the skin on the palms and soles is thick, these areas may appear reddened and swollen without clear hives. […] • Exercise – Hives that appear during exercise can be a sign of a dangerous condition called exercise-induced anaphylaxis. […] • Sunlight or water – This is rare. […] There are also things that do not usually cause hives and swelling but can make them harder to control. These include over-the-counter NSAID medications used to treat pain and fever and any kind of opioid medication. Acetaminophen does not worsen hives or swelling, so this can be used to treat pain and fever instead. Other factors include alcohol, stress, sleep deprivation, and, for people who menstruate, monthly periods. […] Finally, there is a common condition called dermographism (literally „skin writing”). People with this condition develop reddened, raised lines if the skin is stroked firmly or scratched. […] Inducible hives tend to be long lasting and are considered a type of chronic hives.

• #1 Hives, Hives and More Hives! | Texas Children’s

  https://www.texaschildrens.org/content/wellness/hives-hives-and-more-hives

  Many children develop hives, which are swollen, red welts that can be quite itchy. Often, the itching starts before the welts appear. Hives are a very common problem, and they are estimated to affect at least 20 percent of people at some point in their lives. […] Hives (or chronic urticaria) are often caused by allergic reactions to food or medicine but can also be caused by infections, stress or underlying health conditions. Although most clear up on their own within 24 hours, hives can last from days to weeks. Chronic hives and viral hives may last months or even years. […] Hives can last from a few hours to several days and may be triggered by allergens, stress, temperature changes or infections. If hives show up with a fever it may indicate another underlying medical condition and it’s best to consult your doctor.

• #1 Urticaria (Hives): a complete overview — DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/urticaria-an-overview

  Urticaria is characterised by very itchy weals (hives), with or without surrounding erythematous flares. Urticaria can be acute or chronic, spontaneous or inducible. A weal (or wheal) is a superficial skin-coloured or pale skin swelling, usually surrounded by erythema that lasts anything from a few minutes to 24 hours. Urticaria can co-exist with angioedema which is a deeper swelling within the skin or mucous membranes. […] Chronic urticaria may be spontaneous or inducible. Both types may co-exist. Chronic spontaneous urticaria affects 0.52% of the population; in some series, two-thirds are women. Chronic inducible urticaria is however more common. […] Urticarial weals can be a few millimetres or several centimetres in diameter, coloured white or red, with or without a red flare. Each weal may last a few minutes or several hours and may change shape. The weals are more persistent in chronic spontaneous urticaria, but each individual lesion will resolve within 24 hours.

• #1 Hives: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8630-hives

  Acute hives are often an allergic reaction to something you put into your body, like food, drink or medication, or something that you touch. […] Chronic hives aren’t usually caused by allergies. […] Hives usually go away after a few days to a few weeks. However, chronic hives can last much longer than that. It may take months, or longer, for chronic hives to go away.

• #1 Chronic Hives (Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria): Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22900-chronic-hives-chronic-idiopathic-urticaria

  Chronic hives (chronic urticaria) are red, itchy skin welts that last more than six weeks. Many people have these welts every day for a year or longer. People with certain autoimmune diseases are more prone to chronic hives. But often, the cause of chronic hives is unknown. Antihistamines, steroids and immunosuppressants can soothe the hives. […] Chronic hives are itchy, raised welts that appear on your skin and last for more than six weeks. […] Chronic hives are itchy, raised, red bumps or welts that appear on your skin at least twice per week. These welts, also called wheals, are chronic when they last more than six weeks. […] Chronic hives are visible at least twice per week for more than six weeks. Some chronic hives last for months or years. The cause is often unknown. […] Up to 5% of people develop chronic hives. The condition affects all ages and genders but is more common in women ages 30 to 50.

• #1 Urticaria (Hives): Signs, Symptoms, and Complications

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/urticaria-signs-symptoms-1069422

  When hives resolve, they leave no scarring or tissue damage. […] Hives most often appear in the evening or early morning just after waking. They generally aren’t associated with fever, nausea, muscle aches, joint pain, or headaches unless an infection is involved. […] Hives can either be acute or chronic depending on how long they last. Acute hives last for less than six weeks, while chronic hives persist beyond six weeks. […] Acute hives tend to start and stop quickly, often lasting a few hours and rarely for more than a few days. […] Chronic urticaria is often idiopathic and can recur over the course of months or years. […] Some cases have no known cause, especially with chronic hives, which can persist or recur for months and even years. […] Rarely, urticaria can progress to a severe, all-body allergy known as anaphylaxis. […] Hives are one of the possible features of anaphylaxis and will typically be severe.

• #1 Chronic hives – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-hives/symptoms-causes/syc-20352719

  Hives can cause swollen, itchy welts. Hives also is called urticaria. Hives also called urticaria (ur-tih-KAR-e-uh) is a skin reaction that causes itchy welts. Chronic hives are welts that last for more than six weeks and return often over months or years. Often, the cause of chronic hives isn’t clear. […] The welts often start as itchy patches that turn into swollen welts that vary in size. These welts appear and fade at random as the reaction runs its course. Each individual welt typically lasts less than 24 hours. […] Chronic hives can be very uncomfortable and interfere with sleep and daily activities. For many people, anti-itch medicines, called antihistamines, provide relief. […] Symptoms of chronic hives include: Batches of welts, called weals, that can arise anywhere on the body. Welts that might be red, purple or skin-colored, depending on your skin color. Welts that vary in size, change shape, and appear and fade repeatedly. Itchiness, also called pruritus, which can be intense. Painful swelling, called angioedema, around the eyes, cheeks or lips. Flares triggered by heat, exercise or stress. Symptoms that persist for more than six weeks and recur often and anytime, sometimes for months or years. […] Chronic hives don’t put you at sudden risk of a serious allergic reaction, called anaphylaxis. If you do get hives as part of a severe allergic reaction, seek emergency care. Symptoms of anaphylaxis include dizziness, trouble breathing, and swelling of the tongue, lips, mouth or throat.

• #1 Hives – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hives

  Chronic idiopathic hives has been anecdotally linked to stress since the 1940s. A large body of evidence demonstrates an association between this condition and both poor emotional well-being and reduced health-related quality of life. A link between stress and this condition has also been shown. Some cases have been thought to be due to stress, including an association between post-traumatic stress and chronic idiopathic hives. […] Diagnosis is typically based on the appearance. The cause of chronic hives can rarely be determined. Patch testing may be useful to determine the allergy. In some cases regular extensive allergy testing over a long period of time is requested in hopes of getting new insight. No evidence shows regular allergy testing results in identification of a problem or relief for people with chronic hives. Regular allergy testing for people with chronic hives is not recommended. […] Chronic urticaria is defined as the presence of hives which persist for greater than six weeks. Some of the more severe chronic cases have lasted more than 20 years. A survey indicated chronic urticaria lasted a year or more in more than 50% of those affected and 20 years or more in 20% of them.

• #1 Hives (Urticaria) and Angioedema Overview

  https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/allergies/hives-(urticaria)-and-angioedema-overview

  Hives or welts, also known as urticaria, are itchy, raised, reddish areas on the skin. About a quarter of the general population can have hives during their life. Hives often appear without warning and may start at any age. […] Hives may range in size from just a few millimeters to several centimeters. […] Doctors will classify your hives based on how long you have had them. This helps doctors think about possible causes of your hives. When hives occur for less than 6 weeks, we call this acute urticaria. When hives last longer than 6 weeks, we change the name to chronic urticaria. […] Sometimes chronic hives may be autoimmune in nature, or related to an autoimmune condition including autoimmune thyroid disease, rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematousus. […] Chronic hives can last for many years but will often go away. Hives will resolve in half of patients within 1-2 years and 80-90% of patients will improve within 5 years. Even if a patients hives improve, it is not unusual to see the hives recur months to years later.

• #1 Chronic Hives (Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria): Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22900-chronic-hives-chronic-idiopathic-urticaria

  For most people with chronic hives, there’s no known cause. Rarely, medication allergies or food allergies cause chronic hives. The most common allergic cause is something you consume on a regular basis. Other types of allergies may also bring on chronic hives. […] Some people develop chronic hives when their body changes temperature rapidly due to heat, cold or physical activity. Pressure on your skin from tight clothing may also cause the condition. […] About 1 in 5 people who develop chronic hives also have an autoimmune disease. […] Hives can appear anywhere on your body and look different on each person. Hives can have different shapes and sizes. They may be as small as a pinprick or larger than a softball. […] Chronic hive symptoms include: Red, raised welts or bumps on your skin that may hurt or sting. Blanching (the center of the hive turns white when you press it). Itchy skin (pruritus). Swelling (angioedema).

• #1 Hives (Urticaria): Causes, Treatment and Prevention | Nationwide Children’s Hospital

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/hives

  Hives can be found anywhere on the body. They can be small, like mosquito bites, or several inches wide. Even if they look different, hives often have common symptoms. […] Hives may go away quickly or come and go for many weeks or months. […] Less commonly, hives can occur as part of a more severe allergic reaction called anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis can cause the airway to swell, making it hard to breathe. This is a life-threatening reaction that needs to be treated right away. […] Treatment depends on how bad the itching is. Even with treatment, hives can last days to weeks. The goals of treatment are to: Control the itching […] For severe hives: Give a higher dose of antihistamines or steroids, like prednisone. Oral steroids should not be used a lot. They may make hives worse when you stop taking the medicine. […] Living with hives isn’t easy, especially if you don’t know what’s causing them. It may help if you write down events that happened right before the hives appeared. This can help you and your child make a plan to keep the hives from coming back.

• #1 Hives and angioedema – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hives-and-angioedema/symptoms-causes/syc-20354908

  Hives can cause swollen, itchy welts. Hives also is called urticaria. […] Hives that last longer than six weeks are called chronic hives. […] Most hives appear quickly and go away within 24 hours. This is known as acute hives. Chronic hives can last for months or years. […] Angioedema is a reaction similar to hives that affects deeper layers of the skin. It can appear with hives or alone. Signs and symptoms include: […] Severe angioedema can be life-threatening if swelling of the tongue or in the throat blocks the airway.

• #1 Hives Symptoms | Allergic Reaction Hives

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/allergies/9-symptoms-never-to-ignore-with-hives

  Trouble Breathing: If you realize you are having trouble breathing, do not brush off this symptom. This could be a sign of a serious allergic reaction. […] Trouble Swallowing: If you notice you’re having trouble swallowing, this could be a sign that the tissues in your throat are swelling, which can happen for some people with hives. […] Joint Pain: Joint pain or swelling is not a normal symptom associated with your average case of hives. […] A Sudden Cough: By itself, a cough might not be a big deal. But if you didn’t have a cough prior to developing a case of hives, and you start to notice that you’re coughing, it could be an early sign that something more serious is developing such as airway inflammation. […] Slurred Speech: If you start to have trouble speaking or forming words, or your speech becomes slurred, this can be a sign of an allergic reaction.

• #1 Hives: Diagnosis and treatment

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/hives-treatment

  Hives can require emergency care. Go to urgent care or the nearest emergency room if you have any of the following: Swelling on your face, inside your mouth, or in your throat. Problems swallowing or breathing. Feel light-headed or faint. Racing heart. Swelling on your face or inside your mouth or throat can cause problems breathing or swallowing, which can come up quickly. For many people, hives are mild. If you have a mild case, it will likely go away in a few days. […] It can be helpful to see a board-certified dermatologist if hives: Last longer than 6 weeks. Cover a large area of your body. Are caused by an allergy. […] While having answers to these questions and test results is helpful, its important to know that the cause of hives cannot always be found. Without knowing the cause, your dermatologist can successfully treat hives.

• #1 Urticaria (Hives) in Children | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions—pediatrics/u/urticaria-hives-in-children.html

  Hives (urticaria) are a sudden outbreak of red, itchy, and swollen areas on the skin. Hives can happen alone or as part of a severe allergic reaction. […] Mild symptoms often go away after several days by using antihistamines or steroids. But a child with a severe allergic reaction needs medical attention right away. […] These are the most common signs of hives in children: Itchy, pink, or red swollen areas on the skin. Hives can appear alone, in a group, or over a large part of the body. Hives tend to go away within 24 hours in 1 spot but come back in another spot. […] Treatment will depend on your child’s symptoms, age, and general health. It will also depend on how severe the condition is. […] If your child is having trouble breathing, call 911 right away. Your child may get medicine called epinephrine. This medicine helps decrease the symptoms of a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis). […] Hives is a problem in which red, itchy, and swollen areas show up on the skin. Causes of hives include food, medicines, and other triggers. Treatment includes antihistamines and epinephrine, if your child has symptoms of anaphylaxis. Staying away from known triggers of hives is important.

• #1 Patient education: Hives (urticaria) (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hives-urticaria-beyond-the-basics/print

  • Drugs – Many types of drugs can trigger hives, including antibiotics and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as aspirin, ibuprofen, or naproxen. […] • Insect stings – Stings from certain insects (bees, wasps, hornets, fire ants) can cause hives around the area of the sting. If you get hives all over your body after an insect sting, this may be a sign of a more serious reaction called anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis must be treated as soon as possible. […] • Food allergies – Food allergy can cause acute hives in some people. Food-associated hives typically appear within 30 minutes of eating the food. The foods most likely to cause hives in children include milk, eggs, peanuts, other nuts, soy, and wheat. The foods most likely to cause hives in adults include fish, shellfish, peanuts, and other nuts.

• #1 Hives Symptoms | Allergic Reaction Hives

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/allergies/9-symptoms-never-to-ignore-with-hives

  Hoarseness: All of a sudden, you realize that you sound hoarse, like you’re starting to lose your voice, or you’ve been coughing a lot lately. […] Swollen Eyes: A very serious case of hives can cause your eyes to start to get very itchy and your eyelids to swell shut. […] Hives After Taking Medication: If you just took a prescription or an OTC medication and notice that hives are developing, call your doctor. […] Abdominal Pain or Vomiting: Pain in your abdomen that develops along with those red, raised patches of skin is not typical.

• #1 Hives

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/hives/

  Hives are raised, itchy bumps on your skin that appear like a rash. They usually settle down within a few minutes to a few days. The rash is often itchy and sometimes feels like it’s stinging or burning. Hives can be different sizes and shapes, and appear anywhere on the body in both adults and children. […] The symptoms do not improve after 2 days. […] The rash is spreading. […] Your hives keep coming back you may be allergic to something. […] You also have a high temperature of 38 degrees Celsius or higher and feel generally unwell. […] You also have swelling under the skin this might be angioedema, a condition usually caused by an allergic reaction. […] If your hives do not go away with treatment, you may be referred to a skin specialist (dermatologist). […] Hives happen when something causes high levels of histamine and other chemicals to be released in the skin. This is known as a trigger.

• #1 Chronic Hives (Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria): Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22900-chronic-hives-chronic-idiopathic-urticaria

  For half of people with chronic hives, the hives go away (often without treatment) within a year. Treatments can ease symptoms of long-lasting hives. […] Call your healthcare provider if you experience: Hives or swelling that lasts more than a week. Infected-looking bumps (red, swollen or pus-filled). Recurring hives that come back every few months. Severely itchy skin. […] Chronic hives (chronic urticaria) can be itchy and uncomfortable. You may become self-conscious about your appearance. Most of the time, providers can’t pinpoint the cause of chronic hives. However, treatments like antihistamines, steroids and even immunosuppressants can help. You can also take steps at home to ease itching and swelling. For many people, chronic hives eventually go away, although it may take a year or longer.

• #1 What is Chronic Urticaria? – Allergy & Asthma Network

  https://allergyasthmanetwork.org/chronic-urticaria/

  With severe hives, or hives that last a long time, you can develop symptoms like joint pain or swelling, headache and fatigue. […] Chronic hives can be debilitating for some people. They may have difficulty performing basic activities of daily life. Some may have an inability to sleep, to go along with mental health issues stemming from social isolation, anxiety and depression.

• #1 Hives

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/hives/

  The main symptom of hives is an itchy rash. […] The rash can: be raised bumps or patches in many shapes and sizes, appear anywhere on the body, be on 1 area or spread across the body, feel itchy, sting or burn, look pink or red when affecting someone with white skin; the colour of the rash can be harder to see on brown and black skin. […] Symptoms of hives do not improve after 2 days. […] Hives keeps coming back (you may be allergic to something). […] A GP might prescribe menthol cream, antihistamines or steroid tablets. […] If hives does not go away with treatment, you may be referred to a skin specialist (dermatologist).

• #1 Hives

  https://www.rch.org.au/kidsinfo/fact_sheets/hives/

  If hives are present for over a few days with no obvious cause, allergy tests are not needed, in these cases there is generally no external trigger and the hives with gradually improve with time. […] Most of the time, hives as the only symptom can be safely managed at home, without the need to see a doctor. […] If your child continues to have hives for more than six weeks, take them to see your GP. […] Treatment for severe or frequent hives may include: checking that the rash isn’t caused by an underlying disorder, medications such as corticosteroids, which can reduce the immune system’s response to the triggers, prescribing ongoing non drowsy antihistamines to provide relief from itching these can be very useful if taken at bedtime. […] If at any time the hives are associated with other symptoms (high fever, bruising, purple skin discolouration or joint pains), your child should be seen by a doctor.

• #1

  https://www.wyndly.com/blogs/learn/allergy-hives?srsltid=AfmBOooM30IeDJ7sGj0pqvhni0gRJAYFPf8gTkK5mSc13E9tMgGaPYIo

  Yes, allergies can cause hives. Hives are itchy raised patches that appear on the skin after coming into contact with an allergen. […] Hives are best described as red, raised bumps on the skin. They form in a series of small blotches, which often spread and interconnect. Not all hives look the same – although they look like welts in most cases, hives may also resemble groups of pimples, mosquito bites, or even rashes. […] In addition to the visible welts, hives can also cause other symptoms, such as itching and burning sensations on the area of the skin affected. Other allergy symptoms, such as watery eyes, sneezing, and a runny nose, may also be present. […] Hives tend to appear suddenly and can develop practically anywhere on the body. They most commonly develop due to direct contact with an allergen in the exposed area. They can also occur as part of the body’s greater immune response when triggered by airborne allergens.

• #1 Hives | Dermatology and Skin Health – Dr. Mendese

  https://dermskinhealth.com/conditions/hives/

  Most acute hives can clear away after a few days or weeks, but they may recur when you are exposed again to a particular allergen. […] On the other hand, chronic hives are itchy welts that can last for more than 6 weeks. This type of urticaria can come and go suddenly, and they are less likely to be caused by an allergy. Chronic urticaria may develop due to stress, autoimmune disorders, hormonal changes, or other systemic problems. […] Some people can never identify the cause of their skin hives. In these cases, their condition is known as chronic idiopathic urticaria. […] Flare-ups of acute hives can happen suddenly and last for around 2 to 3 hours before disappearing. If you have chronic hives, they can appear on your skin at least twice per week and last for more than 6 weeks or longer. Severe hives may need to be seen by a healthcare provider to make sure that they dont develop into anaphylaxis.

• #1 Hives

  https://www.seattlechildrens.org/conditions/a-z/hives/

  An itchy rash made up of raised pink bumps. Most often, rash is very itchy. Raised pink bumps with pale centers (welts). Hives look like mosquito bites. Sizes of hives vary from inch (12 mm) to several inches (cm) across. Shapes and location of hives can be different. They can also change often. Itchy rash. […] Most widespread hives are caused by a viral infection. This is not due to an allergy. Less than 10% are an allergic reaction to a food, drug, or insect bite. Often, the cause is not found. […] Hives all over from a viral illness normally come and go. They may last for 3 or 4 days. Then, they go away. Most children get hives once.

• #1 Hives – Allergy & Asthma Network

  https://allergyasthmanetwork.org/allergies/hives/

  The most common cause of hives in children is an infection, such as viruses or urinary tract infections. Viral infections cause more than 80 percent of cases of hives in children. […] A recent study from Spain found hives in 19% of people with COVID-19. So hives do appear to be one of the many symptoms of COVID-19. […] One of the best ways to get rid of hives is to identify what causes the symptoms and then work to avoid those triggers. If avoiding the trigger is not possible, the trigger is not known, or symptom relief is needed, the first line of treatment is an antihistamine. […] If you have hives, it’s also recommended you avoid aspirin, non-steroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs), alcohol and tight clothing, as these can worsen symptoms.

• #1 Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria – Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy (ASCIA)

  https://www.allergy.org.au/patients/skin-allergy/urticaria-hives-chronic

  The goal of treatment for chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is to reduce or stop the itch and stop the hives developing with as few side effects as possible. Most cases of CSU will get better within a few weeks without any treatment but in some cases, they can last for many months or even longer. […] Common treatment options for CSU include: Non-drowsy antihistamines are often used to relieve the itch that comes with hives. Higher than standard doses may be required to achieve this for people with CSU. People with severe CSU symptoms affecting quality of life, who do not respond to simple treatments may need to be referred to a clinical immunology/allergy specialist. They will be assessed, and options for long term treatment discussed: Immune modulators usually given as subcutaneous (under the skin) injections that can be given at home. Immunosuppressive medications corticosteroids can be used to treat severe symptoms for a short time.

• #1 Hives – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hives

  About 20% of people are affected at some point in their lives. Short duration cases occur equally in males and females, lasting a few days and without leaving any long-lasting skin changes. Long duration cases are more common in females. Short duration cases are also more common among children, while long duration cases are more common among those who are middle-aged. Fewer than 5% of cases last for more than six weeks. The condition frequently recurs. In half of cases of hives, the cause remains unknown. […] Hives are caused by the release of histamine and other mediators of inflammation (cytokines) from cells in the skin. This process can be the result of an allergic or nonallergic reaction, differing in the eliciting mechanism of histamine release. […] Over half of all cases of chronic idiopathic hives are the result of an autoimmune trigger. Roughly 50% of people with chronic urticaria spontaneously develop autoantibodies directed at the receptor FcRI located on skin mast cells. Chronic stimulation of this receptor leads to chronic hives.

• #1 Hives (urticaria) – treatment, causes and symptoms | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/hives

  Hives usually resolve on its own without treatment. However, if the hives rash continues or gets worse, it can be treated with antihistamines. […] If your baby gets hives repeatedly, it’s important to see your doctor. This could indicate an allergy to something they are frequently fed, such as cow’s milk. […] Sometimes hives can last for a long time. If you have hives for more than 6 weeks, your doctor may refer you for more tests to check if an underlying infection or chronic immune disorder is causing the symptoms.

• #1 Hives or urticaria in children & teenagers | Raising Children Network

  https://raisingchildren.net.au/guides/a-z-health-reference/hives

  Hives look like raised spots, which are sometimes merged together. On children and teenagers with dark skin, the spots might look brown, purple or grey. On children and teenagers with light skin, the spots might look red or white. […] Hives can happen anywhere on the skin, but theyre often found on the chest, stomach or back. They also tend to move around the body. For example, your child might get hives that come and go on their stomach. Then they might get hives that come and go on their arms. […] Hives are very itchy and can cause a burning sensation. Your child might also feel itchy in areas with no spots. […] Hives can take hours or days to develop. They dont always come up immediately after your child is exposed to a trigger like an allergen. Once they appear, they usually last from a few minutes up to 24 hours. Sometimes they keep coming back for up to 6 weeks. […] Sometimes hives come and go for many months or years. This is known as chronic hives, and theres usually no specific cause.

• #1 Urticaria (hives) | nidirect

  https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/conditions/urticaria-hives

  Most cases of urticaria don’t need treatment. This is because the symptoms are usually mild and often get better within a few days. […] If the itchiness is causing you discomfort, antihistamines can help. […] Around a quarter of people with acute urticaria and half of people with chronic urticaria also develop angioedema, which is a deeper swelling of tissues. […] Urticaria can be one of the first symptoms of a severe allergic reaction known as anaphylaxis.

• #1 Urticaria (Hives): a complete overview — DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/urticaria-an-overview

  In chronic inducible urticaria, weals appear about 5 minutes after the stimulus and last a few minutes or up to one hour. Weals in chronic spontaneous urticaria may be aggravated by heat, viral infection, tight clothing, drug pseudoallergy, and food pseudoallergy. […] Acute urticaria can occur in newborns and infants but is uncommon. Acute urticaria in children is usually caused by infection, even if afebrile. In older children food, medication, and inhaled allergens are also important causes. In adults urticaria is usually idiopathic and spontaneous. […] Acute urticaria resolves in hours to days but is often recurrent. Although chronic urticaria clears up in most cases, 15% continue to have wealing at least twice weekly after two years.

• #1 Acute and Chronic Urticaria: Evaluation and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2017/0601/p717.html

  Urticaria commonly presents with intensely pruritic wheals, sometimes with edema of the subcutaneous or interstitial tissue. […] Although often self-limited and benign, it can cause significant discomfort, continue for months to years, and uncommonly represent a serious systemic disease or life-threatening allergic reaction. […] The intense pruritus can cause significant impairment in daily functioning and disrupt sleep. […] Typically otherwise benign and self-limited, urticaria can be a symptom of life-threatening anaphylaxis or, rarely, indicate significant underlying disease. […] Urticaria can appear on any part of the skin. […] The onset of symptoms for urticaria or angioedema is rapid, usually occurring over minutes. […] Individual urticarial lesions typically resolve in one to 24 hours without treatment, although additional wheals can erupt in new crops.

• #2 Hives: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8630-hives

  Hives are a type of allergic reaction that creates itchy bumps on your skin. […] Hives are raised red bumps (welts) or splotches on the skin. […] Hives tend to fade within 24 hours, although they may be noticeable for several days or longer. […] Acute urticaria refers to hives that don’t last very long (less than six weeks). Chronic urticaria refers to hives that happen at least twice a week for more than six weeks. […] Chronic hives do last for long periods of time but usually aren’t permanent. They can be uncomfortable, but they aren’t life-threatening. […] Hives look different depending on the person and the situation. […] Signs of acute hives include raised welts or bumps on your skin, itchy skin, and swelling under your skin causing puffiness (angioedema). […] In many respects, chronic hives and acute hives may look alike: they can be itchy, swollen raised welts that turn lighter in the center and with pressure. However, chronic hives can shift sizes and shapes, appear, disappear and then reappear at least every few days for long periods of time, even months or years.

• #2 Hives and angioedema – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hives-and-angioedema/symptoms-causes/syc-20354908

  Hives can cause swollen, itchy welts. Hives also is called urticaria. […] Hives that last longer than six weeks are called chronic hives. […] Most hives appear quickly and go away within 24 hours. This is known as acute hives. Chronic hives can last for months or years. […] Angioedema is a reaction similar to hives that affects deeper layers of the skin. It can appear with hives or alone. Signs and symptoms include: […] Severe angioedema can be life-threatening if swelling of the tongue or in the throat blocks the airway.

• #2 Hives

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/hives/

  The main symptom of hives is an itchy rash. […] The rash can: be raised bumps or patches in many shapes and sizes, appear anywhere on the body, be on 1 area or spread across the body, feel itchy, sting or burn, look pink or red when affecting someone with white skin; the colour of the rash can be harder to see on brown and black skin. […] Symptoms of hives do not improve after 2 days. […] Hives keeps coming back (you may be allergic to something). […] A GP might prescribe menthol cream, antihistamines or steroid tablets. […] If hives does not go away with treatment, you may be referred to a skin specialist (dermatologist).

• #2 Hives (urticaria): Causes, pictures, and treatments

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/157260

  Hives, or urticaria, can occur for many reasons, such as exposure to an allergen or a physical trigger, like pressure from tight clothing. It may also indicate an infection or another underlying health condition. […] Hives often appears as a raised, itchy rash. The medical name for hives is urticaria. People also call it welts, wheals, or nettle rash. Hives affects around 20% of people at some time in their lives. The issue can be chronic or acute. […] The symptoms of hives include: raised, itchy bumps on the skin, ranging from the size of a pinprick to several inches across; bumps that are pink, red, or skin-colored; bumps that have a pale center when a person presses it; bumps that come and go quickly, often within 24 hours, although new ones may form. […] In some cases, hives persists for several days. People with chronic hives can have the symptoms for months or years. […] Hives, or urticaria, is a kind of rash. It may result from an allergy, an underlying health condition, or other triggers. Acute hives start suddenly and resolve within 6 weeks, while chronic hives can last for months or years.

• #2 Allergic Urticaria (Hives): Symptoms & Causes | Allergy Insider

  https://corporate.thermofisher.com/diagnostic-education/patient/us/en/allergy-symptoms/skin-allergy-symptoms/allergic-urticaria-hives.html

  Hives usually start as an itchy patch of skin that turns into swollen red bumps they can sometimes be mistaken for bug bites. They are also known as nettle rash or urticaria. Although hives usually itch, they can also burning or stinging and can appear anywhere on the body, alone or in groups. Hives usually appear suddenly and go away just as quickly. They can also move around, disappear and reappear. Hives can be annoying, but are not considered contagious. […] There are two main types of hives: acute and chronic. Acute hives resolve quickly most in a couple of hours to a day; chronic hives continue for six weeks or longer. […] Common Hives Symptoms: Itchy, red skin plaques that can occur alone or in groups on any part of the skin. Wheals that vary in size, change shape, and appear and fade repeatedly as the reaction runs its course. Swelling under the skin (angioedema), present on the lips, eyelids, and inside the throat.

• #2 Hives (Urticaria) | Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://acaai.org/allergies/allergic-conditions/skin-allergy/hives/

  Hives, also known as urticaria, affects about 20 percent of people at some time during their lives. It can be triggered by many substances or situations and usually starts as an itchy patch of skin that turns into swollen red welts. […] The itching from hives may range from mild to severe. […] Symptoms can last anywhere from minutes to months – or even years. […] Hives can appear on any area of the body; they may change shape, move around, disappear and reappear over short periods of time. […] The bumps – red or skin-colored “wheals” with clear edges – usually appear suddenly and go away just as quickly. […] There are two types of hives – short-lived (acute) and long-term (chronic). Neither is typically life-threatening, though any swelling in the throat or any other symptom that restricts breathing requires immediate emergency care.

• #2 Patient education: Hives (urticaria) (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hives-urticaria-beyond-the-basics/print

  HIVES SYMPTOMS […] Skin appearance — Hives are raised areas that itch intensely. Hives might look reddish in color on light-colored skin. The color changes can be hard to see on darker skin. In some cases, the raised areas enlarge and merge together. Itching is usually the most bothersome symptom of hives, and it may be severe enough to interfere with work and sleep. […] Severe pain, blood blister-like spots, and bruising of the skin are not typical of hives. Having hives along with a fever and joint pains is also not typical. These symptoms suggest a different condition called urticarial vasculitis, which requires a different treatment. […] Angioedema — In up to one-half of people with hives, a condition called angioedema also develops. Angioedema is similar to hives but occurs in the deeper layers of skin. Hives and angioedema can occur at the same time.

• #2 Urticaria (Hives): Signs, Symptoms, and Complications

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/urticaria-signs-symptoms-1069422

  Urticaria is the medical term for hives. Sometimes hives are confused for other skin conditions such as eczema or rosacea, but their appearance and cause set them apart. […] There are specific characteristics that help you identify hives. For instance, they often have well-defined borders. Hives also tend to cause itching and discomfort that’s worse at night. […] Hives are a specific type of rash caused when tissues beneath the surface of the skin fill with fluid, causing raised, discolored (a change in skin tone), itchy bumps referred to as weals (or welts). […] Hives cause raised, discolored, welt-like bumps. […] Hives usually have well-defined borders. […] Hives cause itching, sometimes intense and often worse at night. […] Hives can sometimes cause burning or stinging. […] Hives blanch (whiten) when pressed.

• #2 Chronic hives – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-hives/symptoms-causes/syc-20352719

  Hives can cause swollen, itchy welts. Hives also is called urticaria. Hives also called urticaria (ur-tih-KAR-e-uh) is a skin reaction that causes itchy welts. Chronic hives are welts that last for more than six weeks and return often over months or years. Often, the cause of chronic hives isn’t clear. […] The welts often start as itchy patches that turn into swollen welts that vary in size. These welts appear and fade at random as the reaction runs its course. Each individual welt typically lasts less than 24 hours. […] Chronic hives can be very uncomfortable and interfere with sleep and daily activities. For many people, anti-itch medicines, called antihistamines, provide relief. […] Symptoms of chronic hives include: Batches of welts, called weals, that can arise anywhere on the body. Welts that might be red, purple or skin-colored, depending on your skin color. Welts that vary in size, change shape, and appear and fade repeatedly. Itchiness, also called pruritus, which can be intense. Painful swelling, called angioedema, around the eyes, cheeks or lips. Flares triggered by heat, exercise or stress. Symptoms that persist for more than six weeks and recur often and anytime, sometimes for months or years. […] Chronic hives don’t put you at sudden risk of a serious allergic reaction, called anaphylaxis. If you do get hives as part of a severe allergic reaction, seek emergency care. Symptoms of anaphylaxis include dizziness, trouble breathing, and swelling of the tongue, lips, mouth or throat.

• #2 Hives – Symptoms, Causes, & Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/hives-urticaria-angioedema

  Urticaria, also known as hives, is an outbreak of pale red bumps or welts on the skin that appear suddenly. The swelling that often comes with hives is called angioedema. […] With an outbreak of hives, you may notice: Raised welts of varying sizes on the skin, welts that are reddish in color (this may be harder to see on dark skin), the welts itch intensely, often at night, welts come and go over minutes or hours. […] You may also have angioedema, symptoms of which include: Puffy face, eyelids, ears, mouth, hands, feet, and genitals, swelling on one side of the body, discomfort where the swelling has happened, changes in skin color. […] Chronic urticaria can also affect organs such as the lungs, muscles, and gastrointestinal tract. Symptoms include shortness of breath, muscle soreness, vomiting, and diarrhea. […] Hives are itchy welts that can appear anywhere on your skin and sometimes last minutes or days. They may be a sign of serious issues, especially if you have trouble breathing. Hives happen when your body releases histamine due to various triggers, such as foods, drugs, insect bites, or infections.

• #2 Urticaria (hives) | nidirect

  https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/conditions/urticaria-hives

  Most cases of urticaria don’t need treatment. This is because the symptoms are usually mild and often get better within a few days. […] If the itchiness is causing you discomfort, antihistamines can help. […] Around a quarter of people with acute urticaria and half of people with chronic urticaria also develop angioedema, which is a deeper swelling of tissues. […] Urticaria can be one of the first symptoms of a severe allergic reaction known as anaphylaxis.

• #2 Hives: Signs and symptoms

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/hives-symptoms

  Swelling on your face, tongue, or throat? Go to urgent care or your nearest emergency room. Swelling in any one of these areas can cause problems breathing or swallowing, which can come up quickly. […] This skin condition causes bumps and raised patches called hives. A single bump or patch is called a hive. […] When you have hives on your skin, they can: Itch, often intensely; Burn or sting; Feel warm to the touch. […] Some people also develop deep swelling called angioedema (an-jee-oh-uh-DEE-mah). This commonly develops on the face, especially the eyelids or lips. It can also affect the tongue, throat, arms, or legs. […] Hives can itch, sometimes intensely. Rather than itch, some people say the welts burn or sting. Because the skin is inflamed, hives often feel warm to the touch. […] Hives tend to appear suddenly and go away on their own. An individual hive will usually disappear within 24 hours, but new hives can appear. Most cases of hives go away within a few weeks, but some last longer.

• #2 Hives (Urticaria) Condition, Treatments and Pictures for Adults – Skinsight

  https://skinsight.com/skin-conditions/urticaria-hives/

  Swelling of the eyes, mouth, hands, feet, or genitals can sometimes occur with hives. This swelling, called angioedema, usually goes away within 24 hours, but it can be quite severe and life-threatening when swelling of the airway occurs. Hives are usually itchy, but they can also burn or sting. […] The best treatment for hives is to discover any triggers and stop your exposure to them. However, most people with hives do not know the cause and require medications to get rid of them. The most common medications for hives include non-sleep-causing (nonsedating) antihistamines such as loratadine (Claritin), fexofenadine (Allegra), desloratadine (Clarinex, Aerius), or cetirizine (Zyrtec). In rare instances, your medical professional might prescribe oral corticosteroid pills (a steroid). […] Call 911 if you are feeling lightheaded or are having difficulty breathing or swallowing associated with your hives. In nonurgent situations with hives, see a medical professional if the hives do not improve with treatment or if they continue to appear for more than a few days.

• #2 Hives: Diagnosis and treatment

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/hives-treatment

  Hives can require emergency care. Go to urgent care or the nearest emergency room if you have any of the following: Swelling on your face, inside your mouth, or in your throat. Problems swallowing or breathing. Feel light-headed or faint. Racing heart. Swelling on your face or inside your mouth or throat can cause problems breathing or swallowing, which can come up quickly. For many people, hives are mild. If you have a mild case, it will likely go away in a few days. […] It can be helpful to see a board-certified dermatologist if hives: Last longer than 6 weeks. Cover a large area of your body. Are caused by an allergy. […] While having answers to these questions and test results is helpful, its important to know that the cause of hives cannot always be found. Without knowing the cause, your dermatologist can successfully treat hives.

• #2 Patient education: Hives (urticaria) (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hives-urticaria-beyond-the-basics/print

  • Acute (brief) […] • Chronic (longstanding) […] • Inducible (triggered by certain types of physical stimulation, such as heat, cold, or sun exposure) […] When you first get hives, you cannot tell how long they will last, and so you cannot tell if you have acute or chronic hives. […] Although all types of hives look similar, they often have different triggers. Learning what triggers your hives can help you to avoid the trigger. […] Acute hives — Most cases of hives are acute and will not last beyond a few days to one week or two. Triggers of acute hives can include the following: […] • Infections – Infections can cause hives in some people. In fact, viral infections cause more than 80 percent of all cases of acute hives in children. A variety of viruses can cause hives (even routine cold viruses). The hives seem to appear as the immune system begins to clear the infection, sometimes one week or more after the illness begins. The hives usually persist for one week or two and then disappear.

• #2 Hives – Skin Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/skin-disorders/itching-and-dermatitis/hives

  Hives usually last less than 6 weeks and are classified as acute. If hives last more than 6 weeks, they are classified as chronic. […] Chronic hives can last for months or years, then sometimes go away for no apparent reason. […] In more than half of cases, a specific cause of acute hives cannot be identified. […] However, in the vast majority of cases, a cause cannot be identified (is idiopathic). Most cases of chronic hives that have no identifiable cause are thought to be due to an autoimmune reaction that itself has no detectable cause. […] Hives may occur when certain chemicals are inhaled, consumed, injected, or touched. […] Hives that occur daily (or almost daily) and itching that lasts for at least 6 weeks, with no obvious cause.

• #2 Hives | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/hives

  Hives (urticaria) are skin rashes characterised by reddened and raised circular wheals (lumps). […] Symptoms of hives include: raised circular wheals that look like mosquito bites these are red on the outer rim and white in the centre, and each wheal lasts for around 2 to 4 hours (rarely up to 24 hours). Wheals appear in batches or clusters, and as one batch fades away a new batch appears […] with acute urticaria, the rash may last for days or weeks […] with chronic hives, the rash may persist for months to years, occasionally decades. […] In acute (short-lived) hives, the wheals may come and go for a few days or weeks. In rare cases of chronic hives, wheals may persist for more than 6 weeks. The wheals come and go for months or even years.

• #2 Patient education: Hives (urticaria) (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hives-urticaria-beyond-the-basics/print

  • Drugs – Many types of drugs can trigger hives, including antibiotics and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as aspirin, ibuprofen, or naproxen. […] • Insect stings – Stings from certain insects (bees, wasps, hornets, fire ants) can cause hives around the area of the sting. If you get hives all over your body after an insect sting, this may be a sign of a more serious reaction called anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis must be treated as soon as possible. […] • Food allergies – Food allergy can cause acute hives in some people. Food-associated hives typically appear within 30 minutes of eating the food. The foods most likely to cause hives in children include milk, eggs, peanuts, other nuts, soy, and wheat. The foods most likely to cause hives in adults include fish, shellfish, peanuts, and other nuts.

• #2 Hives – Allergy & Asthma Network

  https://allergyasthmanetwork.org/allergies/hives/

  The most common cause of hives in children is an infection, such as viruses or urinary tract infections. Viral infections cause more than 80 percent of cases of hives in children. […] A recent study from Spain found hives in 19% of people with COVID-19. So hives do appear to be one of the many symptoms of COVID-19. […] One of the best ways to get rid of hives is to identify what causes the symptoms and then work to avoid those triggers. If avoiding the trigger is not possible, the trigger is not known, or symptom relief is needed, the first line of treatment is an antihistamine. […] If you have hives, it’s also recommended you avoid aspirin, non-steroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs), alcohol and tight clothing, as these can worsen symptoms.

• #2 Chronic Spontaneous/Idiopathic Urticaria (Chronic Hives)

  https://acaai.org/allergies/allergic-conditions/skin-allergy/chronic-hives/

  Chronic hive symptoms are generally the same as “short-lived” hive symptoms but appear at least twice a week and last more than six weeks. […] Rarely, cases of hives last more than six weeks and can last months or up to 5 years. This condition is known as chronic spontaneous/idiopathic urticaria (ongoing, of unknown cause). […] Chronic hives can be very frustrating and challenging to find the etiology (true cause) and to control. […] Chronic hive symptoms are generally the same as “short-lived” hive symptoms but appear at least twice a week and last more than six weeks. […] Symptoms include: Raised itchy bumps, either red or skin-colored. […] “Blanching” (when pressed, the center of a red hive turns white).

• #2 Chronic Hives (Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria): Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22900-chronic-hives-chronic-idiopathic-urticaria

  Chronic hives (chronic urticaria) are red, itchy skin welts that last more than six weeks. Many people have these welts every day for a year or longer. People with certain autoimmune diseases are more prone to chronic hives. But often, the cause of chronic hives is unknown. Antihistamines, steroids and immunosuppressants can soothe the hives. […] Chronic hives are itchy, raised welts that appear on your skin and last for more than six weeks. […] Chronic hives are itchy, raised, red bumps or welts that appear on your skin at least twice per week. These welts, also called wheals, are chronic when they last more than six weeks. […] Chronic hives are visible at least twice per week for more than six weeks. Some chronic hives last for months or years. The cause is often unknown. […] Up to 5% of people develop chronic hives. The condition affects all ages and genders but is more common in women ages 30 to 50.

• #2 Hives – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hives

  About 20% of people are affected at some point in their lives. Short duration cases occur equally in males and females, lasting a few days and without leaving any long-lasting skin changes. Long duration cases are more common in females. Short duration cases are also more common among children, while long duration cases are more common among those who are middle-aged. Fewer than 5% of cases last for more than six weeks. The condition frequently recurs. In half of cases of hives, the cause remains unknown. […] Hives are caused by the release of histamine and other mediators of inflammation (cytokines) from cells in the skin. This process can be the result of an allergic or nonallergic reaction, differing in the eliciting mechanism of histamine release. […] Over half of all cases of chronic idiopathic hives are the result of an autoimmune trigger. Roughly 50% of people with chronic urticaria spontaneously develop autoantibodies directed at the receptor FcRI located on skin mast cells. Chronic stimulation of this receptor leads to chronic hives.

• #2 What is Chronic Urticaria? – Allergy & Asthma Network

  https://allergyasthmanetwork.org/chronic-urticaria/

  Chronic urticaria can last from 6 weeks to years. They can last for weeks at a time, go away for a while, and then come back later. This can go on for years. […] Chronic urticaria is a frustrating and uncomfortable condition. But thankfully its not a life-threatening condition. Treatment with antihistamines or other medications will usually clear up symptoms. But chronic urticaria can have a significant impact on a persons quality of life. […] People with chronic hives experience swelling, itching and pain. This can cause sleep disturbances. It may lead to stress and emotional difficulties including anxiety and depression. All these contribute to a lower quality of life. The more severe the urticaria is, the greater the impact on quality of life. […] About 30 40% of chronic urticaria cases are related to an autoimmune condition and can be considered autoimmune urticaria.

• #2 Hives: Causes, Symptoms and Treatments

  https://mydoctor.kaiserpermanente.org/mas/news/hives-causes-symptoms-and-treatments-2135045

  About 20 percent of people with chronic urticaria will have a physical trigger that causes the hives. […] Chronic hives are much more difficult to manage and last beyond six weeks. […] Unfortunately, this condition lasts months to years – some patients suffer from chronic hives for more than five years. […] Chronic urticaria is usually caused by an autoimmune problem with no known cause. […] When an allergist or dermatologist looks for causes of chronic urticaria, they cannot pinpoint an exact trigger in more than 90 percent of patients. […] Most medications don’t cure hives but help patients cope with the symptoms until the hives clear up on their own. […] Though hives can be frustrating and uncomfortable, they usually aren’t cause for serious concern and do eventually go away. Reach out to your doctor if your hives stick around for more than a few weeks and don’t clear up from lifestyle remedies or over-the-counter medications.

• #2 Hives (Urticaria): Types, Symptoms, Treatment and More

  https://www.health.com/hives-overview-7109904

  Angioedema, or patches of swelling under the skin, occurs with wheals in about 40% of hives cases. […] Itching is a common symptom of hives, occurring with or without wheals. Some people only develop itching. […] The impact of hives is primarily seen in the skin. A small subset of people with chronic spontaneous urticaria can develop additional symptoms, such as abdominal pain, fatigue, flushed skin, headache, heart palpitations, nausea and vomiting, swelling in the joints, wheezing or breathing difficulties. […] Hives can affect your appearance and cause itchiness, which can significantly impact your quality of life. Itching is often worse at night, so you may have difficulty falling or staying asleep. Symptoms can also impact daily life and performance at work or school. […] Chronic hives can significantly impact mental health and well-being. Urticaria may cause sleep problems, fatigue, and difficulty concentrating. People with hives might have a higher risk of anxiety and depression as a result.

• #2 Hives – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hives

  Chronic idiopathic hives has been anecdotally linked to stress since the 1940s. A large body of evidence demonstrates an association between this condition and both poor emotional well-being and reduced health-related quality of life. A link between stress and this condition has also been shown. Some cases have been thought to be due to stress, including an association between post-traumatic stress and chronic idiopathic hives. […] Diagnosis is typically based on the appearance. The cause of chronic hives can rarely be determined. Patch testing may be useful to determine the allergy. In some cases regular extensive allergy testing over a long period of time is requested in hopes of getting new insight. No evidence shows regular allergy testing results in identification of a problem or relief for people with chronic hives. Regular allergy testing for people with chronic hives is not recommended. […] Chronic urticaria is defined as the presence of hives which persist for greater than six weeks. Some of the more severe chronic cases have lasted more than 20 years. A survey indicated chronic urticaria lasted a year or more in more than 50% of those affected and 20 years or more in 20% of them.

• #2 Patient education: Hives (urticaria) (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hives-urticaria-beyond-the-basics

  HIVES PROGRESSION […] Hives are classified based upon how long you have the hives. Hives can be: Acute (brief); Chronic (longstanding); Inducible (triggered by certain types of physical stimulation, such as heat, cold, or sun exposure). When you first get hives, you cannot tell how long they will last, and so you cannot tell if you have acute or chronic hives. […] Chronic hives occur daily or almost daily and last longer than six weeks, sometimes for years. Chronic hives can be frustrating because they come and go and can interfere with sleep, work, or school. Hives affect how you look, and people may worry about being near you for fear that you have a contagious infection. However, it is important to remember the following: Hives are not contagious; Chronic hives are rarely permanent; almost 50 percent of people are hive free within one year; Chronic hives are rarely caused by allergies and are not life threatening; The bothersome symptoms of chronic hives are treatable in most people. In most cases of chronic hives, the cause is unknown. Researchers suspect that problems in the immune system play a role.

• #2 Patient education: Hives (urticaria) (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hives-urticaria-beyond-the-basics/print

  • Delayed pressure – Hives on the palms or the soles of the feet can occur hours after carrying heavy objects or walking long distances. Because the skin on the palms and soles is thick, these areas may appear reddened and swollen without clear hives. […] • Exercise – Hives that appear during exercise can be a sign of a dangerous condition called exercise-induced anaphylaxis. […] • Sunlight or water – This is rare. […] There are also things that do not usually cause hives and swelling but can make them harder to control. These include over-the-counter NSAID medications used to treat pain and fever and any kind of opioid medication. Acetaminophen does not worsen hives or swelling, so this can be used to treat pain and fever instead. Other factors include alcohol, stress, sleep deprivation, and, for people who menstruate, monthly periods. […] Finally, there is a common condition called dermographism (literally „skin writing”). People with this condition develop reddened, raised lines if the skin is stroked firmly or scratched. […] Inducible hives tend to be long lasting and are considered a type of chronic hives.

• #2 Hives that Come and Go Daily: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/hives-that-come-and-go-daily

  Hives that come back daily for 6 weeks or more are called chronic hives, or chronic urticaria. The condition often has no known cause, but allergies, autoimmune conditions, physical stimuli, and infections can play a role. […] Hives that recur (go away and come back) frequently are known as chronic hives. Chronic hives of unknown cause can last for months or years. They can affect 1.4% of people, twice as often in women as in men. […] If you get new hives as others are clearing up for 6 weeks or more, you have chronic hives. […] Chronic hives have many possible causes. Differences in symptoms, such as how quickly the hives appear, can help identify the cause. […] Chronic idiopathic urticaria is when you get daily hives but doctors cant determine why. Symptoms include: hives that recur daily or nearly every day, hives that last for 6 weeks or longer, when each hive lasts 24 hours or fewer, hives that do not bruise or scar your skin.

• #2 Hives

  https://www.seattlechildrens.org/conditions/a-z/hives/

  An itchy rash made up of raised pink bumps. Most often, rash is very itchy. Raised pink bumps with pale centers (welts). Hives look like mosquito bites. Sizes of hives vary from inch (12 mm) to several inches (cm) across. Shapes and location of hives can be different. They can also change often. Itchy rash. […] Most widespread hives are caused by a viral infection. This is not due to an allergy. Less than 10% are an allergic reaction to a food, drug, or insect bite. Often, the cause is not found. […] Hives all over from a viral illness normally come and go. They may last for 3 or 4 days. Then, they go away. Most children get hives once.

• #2 Hives (Urticaria) and Angioedema Overview

  https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/allergies/hives-(urticaria)-and-angioedema-overview

  Hives or welts, also known as urticaria, are itchy, raised, reddish areas on the skin. About a quarter of the general population can have hives during their life. Hives often appear without warning and may start at any age. […] Hives may range in size from just a few millimeters to several centimeters. […] Doctors will classify your hives based on how long you have had them. This helps doctors think about possible causes of your hives. When hives occur for less than 6 weeks, we call this acute urticaria. When hives last longer than 6 weeks, we change the name to chronic urticaria. […] Sometimes chronic hives may be autoimmune in nature, or related to an autoimmune condition including autoimmune thyroid disease, rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematousus. […] Chronic hives can last for many years but will often go away. Hives will resolve in half of patients within 1-2 years and 80-90% of patients will improve within 5 years. Even if a patients hives improve, it is not unusual to see the hives recur months to years later.

• #2 Acute and Chronic Urticaria: Evaluation and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2017/0601/p717.html

  Urticaria, with or without angioedema, can be classified as acute or chronic. […] Urticaria that recurs within a period of less than six weeks is acute. […] Recurring chronic urticaria lasts longer than six weeks. […] Chronic urticaria has a lifetime prevalence of approximately 0.5% to 5%. […] Acute urticaria is typically self-limited and resolves with proper avoidance of triggers. […] With chronic urticaria, a prospective cohort study found that 35% of patients are symptom free within one year, with another 29% having some reduction of symptoms. […] Spontaneous remission occurred within three years in 48% of the cases of idiopathic chronic urticaria, but only 16% of the cases of physical urticaria. […] Patients may experience repeated episodes throughout their lives.

• #2 Hives – Allergy & Asthma Network

  https://allergyasthmanetwork.org/allergies/hives/

  Acute hives are often not serious and will go away after treatment. Acute hives along with other signs of a severe allergic reaction are known as anaphylaxis. […] Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening allergic reaction. Symptoms may include hives along with breathing difficulties, swelling of the mouth or tongue, weakness, fainting, and vomiting. […] While many people think of hives as part of an acute allergic reaction, they can occur for other reasons. Infections may be responsible for as many as 60% of hives cases. […] Stress does not cause hives, but it can lead to or worsen symptoms. It’s believed psychological factors such as stress play a role in about 50 percent of cases of hives. […] In patients with chronic hives (hives lasting longer than 6 weeks), about 21% had an autoimmune disease.

• #2 Hives Symptoms | Allergic Reaction Hives

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/allergies/9-symptoms-never-to-ignore-with-hives

  Trouble Breathing: If you realize you are having trouble breathing, do not brush off this symptom. This could be a sign of a serious allergic reaction. […] Trouble Swallowing: If you notice you’re having trouble swallowing, this could be a sign that the tissues in your throat are swelling, which can happen for some people with hives. […] Joint Pain: Joint pain or swelling is not a normal symptom associated with your average case of hives. […] A Sudden Cough: By itself, a cough might not be a big deal. But if you didn’t have a cough prior to developing a case of hives, and you start to notice that you’re coughing, it could be an early sign that something more serious is developing such as airway inflammation. […] Slurred Speech: If you start to have trouble speaking or forming words, or your speech becomes slurred, this can be a sign of an allergic reaction.

• #2 Hives Symptoms | Allergic Reaction Hives

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/allergies/9-symptoms-never-to-ignore-with-hives

  Hoarseness: All of a sudden, you realize that you sound hoarse, like you’re starting to lose your voice, or you’ve been coughing a lot lately. […] Swollen Eyes: A very serious case of hives can cause your eyes to start to get very itchy and your eyelids to swell shut. […] Hives After Taking Medication: If you just took a prescription or an OTC medication and notice that hives are developing, call your doctor. […] Abdominal Pain or Vomiting: Pain in your abdomen that develops along with those red, raised patches of skin is not typical.

• #2 Hives (Urticaria) (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hives.html

  Rarely, a person with hives and angioedema can also get anaphylactic shock. Signs of anaphylactic shock include breathing trouble, a drop in blood pressure, dizziness, or a loss of consciousness (passing out). […] It can be hard to figure out what causes chronic urticaria, though it’s sometimes linked to an immune system illness, like lupus. Other times, medicines, food, insects, or an infection can trigger an outbreak. Often, though, doctors don’t know what causes chronic hives.

• #2 Hives (Urticaria) Symptoms & Causes | Baptist Health

  https://www.baptisthealth.com/care-services/conditions-treatments/hives

  Chronic hives have many similarities to hives that are not chronic (acute hives). Additional symptoms include: Shift shapes and sizes, Flare-ups every few days for days, weeks, or even years, Occur along with heat, exercise, and stress. […] In rare cases, hives can develop into a severe allergic reaction known as anaphylaxis. Common symptoms of anaphylaxis include: Difficulty breathing, Confusion, Swelling of the lips, tongue, and throat, Rapid heart rate, Wheezing, Slurred speech, Cyanosis (bluish skin), Dizziness, light-headedness, fainting, Nausea or vomiting, Heart palpitations, Diarrhea, Abdominal pain or cramping, Cough, Hives and generalized itching.

• #2 Hives (Urticaria) (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hives.html

  Hives are red raised bumps or welts on the skin. Hives (or urticaria) is a common skin reaction to something like an allergen (a substance that causes allergies). […] Individual hives can last anywhere from a few hours to a week (sometimes longer), and new ones might replace those that fade. Hives that stay for 6 weeks or less are called acute hives; those that go on longer than 6 weeks are chronic hives. […] The hallmark red raised welts are the main sign of hives. The welts can: have a pale center, appear in clusters, change shape and location in a matter of hours, be tiny or as big as a dinner plate, itch, sting, or cause a burning sensation. […] Someone who also has angioedema might have puffiness, blotchy redness, swelling, or large bumps around the eyes, lips, hands, feet, genitals, or throat. Other symptoms can include nausea, vomiting, or belly pain.

• #2 Hives: Diagnosis and treatment

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/hives-treatment

  When treating hives, the goals are to: Control the itch. Prevent new hives (existing hives go away on their own). Avoid whats causing the hives (when known). […] If your childs hives last for 6 weeks or longer, treatment often begins with trying to find the cause. Many times, the cause cannot be found. If this happens, your dermatologists may prescribe an antihistamine for your child. […] When antihistamines fail to work, your dermatologist may prescribe this medication. It works throughout the body to calm your immune system, which can prevent your body from overreacting and producing hives. […] If you have hives and develop severe swelling, you may need to carry an auto-injector pen so that you can inject yourself if severe swelling occurs. An auto-injector is filled with a single dose of medication called epinephrine (aka adrenaline). […] If your hives are caused by something physical like cold, heat, or pressure on your skin, your dermatologist may recommend this treatment. It involves exposing you to what is causing your hives, so that you no longer have flare-ups every time you encounter the cause.

• #2 Hives

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/hives/

  Hives are raised, itchy bumps on your skin that appear like a rash. They usually settle down within a few minutes to a few days. The rash is often itchy and sometimes feels like it’s stinging or burning. Hives can be different sizes and shapes, and appear anywhere on the body in both adults and children. […] The symptoms do not improve after 2 days. […] The rash is spreading. […] Your hives keep coming back you may be allergic to something. […] You also have a high temperature of 38 degrees Celsius or higher and feel generally unwell. […] You also have swelling under the skin this might be angioedema, a condition usually caused by an allergic reaction. […] If your hives do not go away with treatment, you may be referred to a skin specialist (dermatologist). […] Hives happen when something causes high levels of histamine and other chemicals to be released in the skin. This is known as a trigger.

• #2 What is Chronic Urticaria? – Allergy & Asthma Network

  https://allergyasthmanetwork.org/chronic-urticaria/

  With severe hives, or hives that last a long time, you can develop symptoms like joint pain or swelling, headache and fatigue. […] Chronic hives can be debilitating for some people. They may have difficulty performing basic activities of daily life. Some may have an inability to sleep, to go along with mental health issues stemming from social isolation, anxiety and depression.

• #2 Reddit – The heart of the internet

  https://www.reddit.com/r/urticaria/comments/1hacj4i/feeling_hopeless_after_6_months_of_hives_and/

  About 6 months ago, I started experiencing some strange symptoms that have only gotten worse. […] It started with my hands burning and then I had full body hives, my lips and eyes swelled, was coughing and had a tickle in my throat, and my airway started swelling. […] Currently, I’ve been dealing with: Painful and itchy hives every 2-5 days, sometimes turning into dark bruises. No known trigger. […] My doctor doesn’t think it’s an autoimmune disease based on the bloodwork, but no one knows exactly what’s going on. […] If my repeat bloodwork doesn’t come back with anything definitive I’m worried I’ll be stuck feeling like this forever.

• #2 Urticaria (Hives): Causes, Symptoms, Treatments | MedPark Hospital

  https://www.medparkhospital.com/en-US/disease-and-treatment/urticaria

  Urticaria (hives) symptoms and severity vary depending on the source of the allergy and how an individual reacts to the allergen. Urticaria symptoms include the following: […] Severe acute urticaria symptoms include: Urticaria rashes spread rapidly throughout the body, including the arms, legs, face, around the eyes, and mouth. […] Acute urticaria can cause chest tightness, wheezing, shortness of breath, and even death due to anaphylactic reactions. […] Urticaria are itchy skin welts that affect daily life. While antihistamines can manage acute urticaria, finding the underlying cause leads to a complete cure. Untreated urticaria can progress into chronic urticaria, which has a long-term impact on one’s life. Those experiencing severe acute allergic reactions, such as chest tightness, wheezing, and shortness of breath, should be taken to the hospital as soon as possible for treatment to prevent shock, loss of consciousness, and death.

• #2 Hives (urticaria) – treatment, causes and symptoms | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/hives

  Hives usually resolve on its own without treatment. However, if the hives rash continues or gets worse, it can be treated with antihistamines. […] If your baby gets hives repeatedly, it’s important to see your doctor. This could indicate an allergy to something they are frequently fed, such as cow’s milk. […] Sometimes hives can last for a long time. If you have hives for more than 6 weeks, your doctor may refer you for more tests to check if an underlying infection or chronic immune disorder is causing the symptoms.

• #2 Urticaria (hives) – Allergy & Anaphylaxis Australia

  https://allergyfacts.org.au/__interest/urticaria/

  Urticaria, commonly known as hives, are pink or red rashes that look like lumps (wheals) or blotches on the skin. Sometimes, they look like mosquito bites. They are often very itchy. […] Urticaria can last minutes to hours and sometimes even days to weeks. The length of the urticaria depends on the type. […] Acute urticaria may be a one-off episode that goes away within a few hours, or it may last for a few days or up to 6 weeks. […] Chronic urticaria occurs most days for more than 6 weeks. Wheals may come and go. […] Urticaria can be a sign of a mild to moderate allergic reaction to food, insects, medicines or other allergens. […] Urticaria due to allergy will usually appear within 2 hours of being exposed to the allergen. […] Chronic spontaneous urticaria: Wheals appear without an obvious cause on most days of the week for six weeks or more. The wheals may come and go and can appear anywhere on the body.

• #2 Urticaria (Hives) | Causes, Symptoms, Types & Treatment

  https://www.allergyfree.co.in/en-gb/know-your-allergy/skin-allergies/urticaria-hives

  Symptoms of this type of Urticaria usually start showing within minutes and generally last less than an hour. […] Urticaria is caused when the body reacts to a certain allergen and in reaction releases histamines and other chemicals. […] Some things are known to trigger an allergic reaction causing hives: Foods like peanuts, eggs, shellfish, strawberries, nuts, wheat products and some food additives. […] The biggest difference between angioedema and hives is that angioedema is the swelling of tissues beneath the surface of the skin whereas hives are bumps on the surface of the skin and can be caused by allergic reactions, medications, etc. […] Acute Urticaria is not a very serious condition as the symptoms will fade within six weeks and can usually be treated with antihistamines. […] Chronic Urticaria, on the other hand, can be a cause of worry as there can be a bigger underlying factor at play such as an autoimmune disorder like thyroid and the likes.

• #2 Chronic Hives (Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria): Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22900-chronic-hives-chronic-idiopathic-urticaria

  For most people with chronic hives, there’s no known cause. Rarely, medication allergies or food allergies cause chronic hives. The most common allergic cause is something you consume on a regular basis. Other types of allergies may also bring on chronic hives. […] Some people develop chronic hives when their body changes temperature rapidly due to heat, cold or physical activity. Pressure on your skin from tight clothing may also cause the condition. […] About 1 in 5 people who develop chronic hives also have an autoimmune disease. […] Hives can appear anywhere on your body and look different on each person. Hives can have different shapes and sizes. They may be as small as a pinprick or larger than a softball. […] Chronic hive symptoms include: Red, raised welts or bumps on your skin that may hurt or sting. Blanching (the center of the hive turns white when you press it). Itchy skin (pruritus). Swelling (angioedema).

• #2 Urticaria (hives) – Allergy & Anaphylaxis Australia

  https://allergyfacts.org.au/__interest/urticaria/

  Severe chronic urticaria sometimes requires medicine that reduces inflammation, called immune modulators, immunosuppressive medications, or steroids. […] Urticaria alone does not make you sick; it is just itchy and uncomfortable. If you have urticaria and are sick with a high fever, weight loss, sore joints, or bruising, see your doctor as soon as possible. […] Chronic urticaria can affect quality-of-life and the ability to participate in everyday activities.

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