Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Paralysis: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms, Management & Types

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15345-paralysis

  When something disrupts nerve signals to your muscles, you may experience paralysis being unable to make voluntary movements. Common causes of paralysis include strokes, spinal cord injuries and nerve disorders like multiple sclerosis. […] A problem with your nervous system causes paralysis. Your nervous system is your bodys command and communication system. It sends signals from your brain throughout your body, telling it what to do. If something damages your nervous system, messages cant get through to your muscles. […] Most often, a traumatic injury or medical condition damages muscle and nerve function. Strokes and spinal cord injuries are the most common causes of paralysis. Other causes include: Birth defects like spina bifida. Autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS) and Guillain-Barr syndrome. Brain injuries, including conditions like traumatic brain injury and cerebral palsy. Neurological diseases, like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

• #2 Paralysis | Hemiplegia | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/paralysis.html

  Paralysis is the loss of muscle function in part of your body. It happens when something goes wrong with the way messages pass between your brain and muscles. Paralysis can be complete or partial. It can occur on one or both sides of your body. It can also occur in just one area, or it can be widespread. Paralysis of the lower half of your body, including both legs, is called paraplegia. Paralysis of the arms and legs is quadriplegia. […] Most paralysis is due to strokes or injuries such as spinal cord injury or a broken neck. Other causes of paralysis include: […] Nerve diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis […] Autoimmune diseases such as Guillain-Barre syndrome […] Bell’s palsy, which affects muscles in the face. […] Polio used to be a cause of paralysis, but polio no longer occurs in the U.S.

• #3 Paralysis | Hemiplegia | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/paralysis.html

  Paralysis is the loss of muscle function in part of your body. It happens when something goes wrong with the way messages pass between your brain and muscles. Paralysis can be complete or partial. It can occur on one or both sides of your body. It can also occur in just one area, or it can be widespread. Paralysis of the lower half of your body, including both legs, is called paraplegia. Paralysis of the arms and legs is quadriplegia. […] Most paralysis is due to strokes or injuries such as spinal cord injury or a broken neck. Other causes of paralysis include: […] Nerve diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis […] Autoimmune diseases such as Guillain-Barre syndrome […] Bell’s palsy, which affects muscles in the face. […] Polio used to be a cause of paralysis, but polio no longer occurs in the U.S.

• #4 Paralysis: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms, Management & Types

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15345-paralysis

  When something disrupts nerve signals to your muscles, you may experience paralysis being unable to make voluntary movements. Common causes of paralysis include strokes, spinal cord injuries and nerve disorders like multiple sclerosis. […] A problem with your nervous system causes paralysis. Your nervous system is your bodys command and communication system. It sends signals from your brain throughout your body, telling it what to do. If something damages your nervous system, messages cant get through to your muscles. […] Most often, a traumatic injury or medical condition damages muscle and nerve function. Strokes and spinal cord injuries are the most common causes of paralysis. Other causes include: Birth defects like spina bifida. Autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS) and Guillain-Barr syndrome. Brain injuries, including conditions like traumatic brain injury and cerebral palsy. Neurological diseases, like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

• #5 Understanding Paralysis: Prevalence, Causes, and Advances in Rehabilitation – Myolyn

  https://myolyn.com/incidence-and-prevalence-of-paralysis-myolyn/

  Paralysis is clinically defined as a loss of strength or lack of voluntary muscle control. When neural connections to the brain or spinal cord are disrupted, the resulting damage leads to either temporary or permanent paralysis. […] There are many causes of paralysis, but most incidences are the result of stroke (33.7%), with spinal cord injury (27.3%) following as a close second, then multiple sclerosis (18.6%), and cerebral palsy (8.3%). Other causes include: Acute Flaccid Myelitis, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Arteriovenous Malformations, Brachial Plexus Injury, Brain Injury, Cerebral Palsy, Friedrichs Ataxia, Guillain-Barr Syndrome, Leukodystrophies, Lyme Disease, Muscular Dystrophy, Neurofibromatosis, Peripheral Neuropathy, Post-Polio Syndrome, Spina Bifida, Spinal Muscular Atrophy, Spinal Tumors, Syringomyelia and Tethered Cord, Transverse Myelitis.

• #6 Prevalence and Causes of Paralysis—United States, 2013

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5024361/

  Objectives. To estimate the prevalence and causes of functional paralysis in the United States. […] Results. Stroke is the leading cause of paralysis, affecting 33.7% of the population with paralysis, followed by spinal cord injury (27.3%), multiple sclerosis (18.6%), and cerebral palsy (8.3%). […] This report estimates that nearly 5.4 million persons live with paralysis in the United States and that the leading causes of paralysis include stroke, spinal cord injury, MS, and cerebral palsy. […] Population estimates of spinal cord injury appear much higher in our study than in previous studies, and there appears to be a greater proportion of women with paralysis caused by spinal cord injury than previously thought.

• #7 Paralysis: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms, Management & Types

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15345-paralysis

  When something disrupts nerve signals to your muscles, you may experience paralysis being unable to make voluntary movements. Common causes of paralysis include strokes, spinal cord injuries and nerve disorders like multiple sclerosis. […] A problem with your nervous system causes paralysis. Your nervous system is your bodys command and communication system. It sends signals from your brain throughout your body, telling it what to do. If something damages your nervous system, messages cant get through to your muscles. […] Most often, a traumatic injury or medical condition damages muscle and nerve function. Strokes and spinal cord injuries are the most common causes of paralysis. Other causes include: Birth defects like spina bifida. Autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS) and Guillain-Barr syndrome. Brain injuries, including conditions like traumatic brain injury and cerebral palsy. Neurological diseases, like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

• #8 Understanding Paralysis: Prevalence, Causes, and Advances in Rehabilitation – Myolyn

  https://myolyn.com/incidence-and-prevalence-of-paralysis-myolyn/

  Paralysis is clinically defined as a loss of strength or lack of voluntary muscle control. When neural connections to the brain or spinal cord are disrupted, the resulting damage leads to either temporary or permanent paralysis. […] There are many causes of paralysis, but most incidences are the result of stroke (33.7%), with spinal cord injury (27.3%) following as a close second, then multiple sclerosis (18.6%), and cerebral palsy (8.3%). Other causes include: Acute Flaccid Myelitis, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Arteriovenous Malformations, Brachial Plexus Injury, Brain Injury, Cerebral Palsy, Friedrichs Ataxia, Guillain-Barr Syndrome, Leukodystrophies, Lyme Disease, Muscular Dystrophy, Neurofibromatosis, Peripheral Neuropathy, Post-Polio Syndrome, Spina Bifida, Spinal Muscular Atrophy, Spinal Tumors, Syringomyelia and Tethered Cord, Transverse Myelitis.

• #9 Paralysis: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms, Management & Types

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15345-paralysis

  When something disrupts nerve signals to your muscles, you may experience paralysis being unable to make voluntary movements. Common causes of paralysis include strokes, spinal cord injuries and nerve disorders like multiple sclerosis. […] A problem with your nervous system causes paralysis. Your nervous system is your bodys command and communication system. It sends signals from your brain throughout your body, telling it what to do. If something damages your nervous system, messages cant get through to your muscles. […] Most often, a traumatic injury or medical condition damages muscle and nerve function. Strokes and spinal cord injuries are the most common causes of paralysis. Other causes include: Birth defects like spina bifida. Autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS) and Guillain-Barr syndrome. Brain injuries, including conditions like traumatic brain injury and cerebral palsy. Neurological diseases, like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

• #10 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-Causes-Paralysis.aspx

  Paralysis is caused by multiple conditions, which may be classified as those which affect the muscles themselves, and those which act indirectly, through the nerves that control muscle action. The most common external causes for paralysis include the occurrence of a stroke, head injury, spinal cord injury and multiple sclerosis. […] The most important causes of paralysis are: […] Conditions that cause paralysis by directly inducing muscle weakness include: […] Neurological causes may be due to disease, toxicity, or injury to one or more nerves. […] Diseases that affect the anterior spinal horn cells: […] Such conditions include: […] The brain controls all voluntary muscle contraction. Diseases of the brain which result in paralysis include: […] Some diseases are not primarily neurological but include paralytic manifestations.

• #11 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-Causes-Paralysis.aspx

  Paralysis is caused by multiple conditions, which may be classified as those which affect the muscles themselves, and those which act indirectly, through the nerves that control muscle action. The most common external causes for paralysis include the occurrence of a stroke, head injury, spinal cord injury and multiple sclerosis. […] The most important causes of paralysis are: […] Conditions that cause paralysis by directly inducing muscle weakness include: […] Neurological causes may be due to disease, toxicity, or injury to one or more nerves. […] Diseases that affect the anterior spinal horn cells: […] Such conditions include: […] The brain controls all voluntary muscle contraction. Diseases of the brain which result in paralysis include: […] Some diseases are not primarily neurological but include paralytic manifestations.

• #12 Paralysis – Types of Paralysis & Their Causes

  https://www.webmd.com/brain/paralysis-types

  Paralysis is most often caused by strokes, usually from a blocked artery in your neck or brain. It also can be caused by damage to your brain or spinal cord, the kind that can happen in a car accident, fall, or sports injury, or as a result of a gunshot wound. […] Some people are paralyzed by a condition present at birth, such as spina bifida. Brain injuries before, during, or shortly after birth can lead to the movement disorder known as cerebral palsy. […] Some kinds of paralysis are caused by health conditions or diseases, including those linked to specific genes: […] Demyelinating diseases. These happen when the protective coating around your nerve cells, called the myelin sheath, is damaged over time. That makes it harder for your neurons to send signals throughout your body. It weakens your muscles and eventually causes paralysis. There are several demyelinating diseases, but the most common is multiple sclerosis.

• #13 Types of Paralysis: Monoplegia, Hemiplegia, Paraplegia, and Quadriplegia

  https://www.spinalcord.com/types-of-paralysis

  Other potential causes of paralysis include (but are not limited to): Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (also known as ALS or Lou Gehrigs Disease), Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), Cerebral Palsy, Inherited Disorders (such as Leukodystrophies and Friedreichs Ataxia), Bacterial/Viral Infections (such as Lyme Disease, Post-Polio Syndrome, etc.), Autoimmune Disorders (Guillain-Barr Syndrome), Multiple Sclerosis, Muscular Dystrophy, Strokes, Spinal Tumors. […] Each of these conditions can cause paralysis though the chance and severity of the paralysis may vary greatly from one case to the next. […] Monoplegia is paralysis of a single area of the body, most typically one limb. […] Though cerebral palsy is the leading cause of monoplegia, a number of other injuries and ailments can lead to this form of partial paralysis, including strokes, tumors, nerve damage due to injuries or diseases, nerve impingement, motor neuron damage, brain injuries, impacted or severed nerves at the affected location.

• #14 Causes and Treatment for Temporary and Permanent Paralysis

  https://www.spinalcord.com/blog/what-causes-temporary-paralysis

  Paralysis can affect one or more areas of the body, either being highly localized (affecting specific areas) or generalized (affecting more extensive regions of the body). […] In some cases, paralysis can be temporary; in others, it may be permanent. […] Permanent paralysis is often caused by severe brain damage or the severing of the spinal cord. […] Temporary paralysis occurs when all or some muscle control comes and goes periodically. […] This episodic paralysis most often occurs because of muscle weakness, diseases, or hereditary causes. […] In the case of hereditary temporary paralysis, it can happen that the symptoms were mild with past relatives so the family was not aware of the presence of the gene. […] Strokes are the most common causes of paralysis (33.7%) because of the effects strokes have on the brain and its ability to communicate with the spinal cord. This is followed by spinal cord injuries, which account for 27.3% of paralysis cases and multiple sclerosis (MS), which accounts for 18.6%.

• #15 What Are the Potential Causes of Paralysis? | Kogan & DiSalvo

  https://www.kogan-disalvo.com/personal-injury/why-does-paralysis-occur/

  Few injuries are more traumatic than those resulting in paralysis. Some cases of paralysis arise due to medical conditions. In other cases, however, paralysis is caused by the negligence of another party, such as a careless driver, a negligent property owner, and others. […] The causes of paralysis can be broadly divided into two different categories: Traumatic injuries and Medical conditions. […] Paralysis may stem from injury to the spinal cord or a traumatic brain injury. […] Prompt medical intervention can make the difference between recovery from an injury to the brain or spinal cord and permanent paralysis and other complications. […] Strokes are one of the most common medical emergencies. […] Paralysis may also arise as a result of medical errors when a baby is born. […] Other medical conditions that can result in paralysis include degenerative diseases (such as multiple sclerosis, muscular dystrophy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig’s disease), etc.), autoimmune disorders (such as Guillain-Barre syndrome), and issues arising from wear and tear and previous injuries to the spine (such as spinal stenosis).

• #16 What Are the Leading Causes of Paralysis?

  https://harrislawyers.com/leading-causes-of-paralysis/

  Paralysis is a devastating and life-changing injury. It occurs when a person loses the ability to voluntarily move some or all of their body. It can have many different causes, but the leading ones are as follows. […] The primary cause of paralysis is a stroke (33.7%). A stroke occurs when blood flow to the brain is blocked. As a result, brain cells begin to die since they are not receiving the oxygen and nutrients they need. When brain cells die, there is a loss of function. As a result, individuals who suffer a stroke may no longer be able to do things that were controlled by the part of the brain where cells died. When a stroke damages the part of the brain that sends messages to trigger muscle movement, the message between the brain and muscles may not work properly, causing paralysis.

• #17 Understand Why Paralysis Attacks: Symptoms and Causes

  https://neurologistinjaipur.com/blog/why-paralysis-attacks-understand-the-reasons/

  Paralysis Attack is paralysis caused by the sudden loss of muscle motor function in particular body parts. This situation arises from disruptions or damage within the nervous system, including critical components like the brain, spinal cord, or peripheral nerves. Paralysis attack reasons have ranged from slight weakness to complete loss of motor control caused by strokes, spinal cord injuries, neurological disorders like MS, infections such as polio, or trauma. […] Paralysis attacks can occur for several reasons, including disruptions to blood flow in the brain. Some of the main paralysis attack reasons are listed as: […] Ischemic Stroke: This occurs when a blood clot or plaque buildup blocks a blood vessel supplying the brain, leading to a sudden deprivation of oxygen and nutrients to brain tissue. As brain cells in the affected area die, paralysis can affect movement and coordination.

• #18 What Are the Leading Causes of Paralysis?

  https://harrislawyers.com/leading-causes-of-paralysis/

  Paralysis is a devastating and life-changing injury. It occurs when a person loses the ability to voluntarily move some or all of their body. It can have many different causes, but the leading ones are as follows. […] The primary cause of paralysis is a stroke (33.7%). A stroke occurs when blood flow to the brain is blocked. As a result, brain cells begin to die since they are not receiving the oxygen and nutrients they need. When brain cells die, there is a loss of function. As a result, individuals who suffer a stroke may no longer be able to do things that were controlled by the part of the brain where cells died. When a stroke damages the part of the brain that sends messages to trigger muscle movement, the message between the brain and muscles may not work properly, causing paralysis.

• #19 Understand Why Paralysis Attacks: Symptoms and Causes

  https://neurologistinjaipur.com/blog/why-paralysis-attacks-understand-the-reasons/

  Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA): Often referred to as a warning sign of potential strokes, TIAs are brief episodes of neurological dysfunction caused by temporary disruptions in blood flow to the brain. Symptoms may mimic those of a stroke, including temporary paralysis or weakness. […] Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI): Severe head trauma from accidents falls, or sports injuries can cause traumatic brain injuries, resulting in paralysis if brain regions controlling movement are affected. […] Brain Tumor: In a paralysis attack reason, tumor in the brain impose pressure on or invade areas responsible for motor function, leading to paralysis or weakness. Whether primary tumor originate in the brain or metastatic tumor spread from other organs, they disrupt normal brain function. […] Paralysis attacks, stemming from diverse causes such as strokes, spinal cord injuries, or neurological diseases, significantly impact individuals by impairing mobility and function.

• #20 Paralysis – Types of Paralysis & Their Causes

  https://www.webmd.com/brain/paralysis-types

  Paralysis is most often caused by strokes, usually from a blocked artery in your neck or brain. It also can be caused by damage to your brain or spinal cord, the kind that can happen in a car accident, fall, or sports injury, or as a result of a gunshot wound. […] Some people are paralyzed by a condition present at birth, such as spina bifida. Brain injuries before, during, or shortly after birth can lead to the movement disorder known as cerebral palsy. […] Some kinds of paralysis are caused by health conditions or diseases, including those linked to specific genes: […] Demyelinating diseases. These happen when the protective coating around your nerve cells, called the myelin sheath, is damaged over time. That makes it harder for your neurons to send signals throughout your body. It weakens your muscles and eventually causes paralysis. There are several demyelinating diseases, but the most common is multiple sclerosis.

• #21 What is Paralysis: Causes, Symptoms, Types and Therapy | Max Hospital

  https://www.maxhealthcare.in/blogs/paralysis-symptoms-causes-and-types

  Paralysis can be caused by a number of factors. These include: […] Stroke: A stroke occurs when the blood supply to a part of the brain is interrupted or reduced, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients. Within minutes, brain cells begin to die, which can lead to paralysis, typically on one side of the body. […] Injury to the head or spinal cord: Traumatic injuries to the head or spinal cord can damage the central nervous system, leading to paralysis. This type of injury can result from accidents, falls, or violent acts. […] Demyelinating diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease in which the immune system attacks the protective covering of nerves, causing communication problems between the brain and the rest of the body. This can lead to various degrees of paralysis.

• #22 Understanding Paralysis: Prevalence, Causes, and Advances in Rehabilitation – Myolyn

  https://myolyn.com/incidence-and-prevalence-of-paralysis-myolyn/

  After stroke, patients may present with full or partial paralysis. […] SCIs are typically categorized as complete or incomplete an incomplete SCI means that there is some sensory or motor function below the level of injury, while a complete SCI indicates a complete loss of motor and sensory function below the level of injury. […] Complete paralysis in people with MS is rare, but it is estimated that about a third of people will develop some form of paralysis. More commonly, around 70% of people with MS experience significant and widespread muscle weakness (categorized as partial paralysis or paresis).

• #23 Paralysis – Types of Paralysis & Their Causes

  https://www.webmd.com/brain/paralysis-types

  Motor neuron diseases (MNDs). Motor neurons are the nerve cells that control the muscles you use to walk, breathe, speak, and move your limbs. There are two types: upper motor neurons, which send signals from your brain down to your spinal cord; and lower motor neurons, which get those signals and send them to your muscles. MNDs are diseases that damage these cells over time. […] Periodic paralysis. This is caused by genetic differences some people inherit. It involves seemingly random attacks of paralysis. Depending on the type, the attacks can be triggered by low or high potassium levels in the blood, exercise, stress, colds, high carbohydrate meals, fasting, certain medicines, or high thyroid hormone levels. […] Bells palsy. This makes one side of your face appear to droop. Doctors think its caused by certain viruses, including the herpes viruses that cause cold sores, chicken pox, and shingles.

• #24 What is Paralysis: Causes, Symptoms, Types and Therapy | Max Hospital

  https://www.maxhealthcare.in/blogs/paralysis-symptoms-causes-and-types

  Motor Neuron Diseases (MNDs): Motor neuron diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), affect the nerve cells that control voluntary muscle activities. The progressive degeneration of these neurons leads to muscle weakness and paralysis. […] Bells palsy: Bells palsy is a condition that causes sudden, temporary weakness or paralysis of the facial muscles. It usually affects just one side of the face and can result from viral infections that cause inflammation of the facial nerve. […] Todds paralysis: Todds paralysis is a temporary paralysis that can occur after a seizure. It usually affects one side of the body and can last from a few minutes to several hours. […] Tick Paralysis and Lyme Disease: Tick paralysis is caused by a neurotoxin produced by certain species of ticks. Lyme disease, transmitted by tick bites, can also affect the nervous system and lead to paralysis in severe cases. […] Spina Bifida: Spina bifida is a birth condition that occurs when the brain, spinal cord, or the protective coverings of these organs do not develop properly. This can result in varying degrees of paralysis and other neurological complications.

• #25 What is Paralysis: Causes, Symptoms, Types and Therapy | Max Hospital

  https://www.maxhealthcare.in/blogs/paralysis-symptoms-causes-and-types

  Motor Neuron Diseases (MNDs): Motor neuron diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), affect the nerve cells that control voluntary muscle activities. The progressive degeneration of these neurons leads to muscle weakness and paralysis. […] Bells palsy: Bells palsy is a condition that causes sudden, temporary weakness or paralysis of the facial muscles. It usually affects just one side of the face and can result from viral infections that cause inflammation of the facial nerve. […] Todds paralysis: Todds paralysis is a temporary paralysis that can occur after a seizure. It usually affects one side of the body and can last from a few minutes to several hours. […] Tick Paralysis and Lyme Disease: Tick paralysis is caused by a neurotoxin produced by certain species of ticks. Lyme disease, transmitted by tick bites, can also affect the nervous system and lead to paralysis in severe cases. […] Spina Bifida: Spina bifida is a birth condition that occurs when the brain, spinal cord, or the protective coverings of these organs do not develop properly. This can result in varying degrees of paralysis and other neurological complications.

• #26 Paralysis: Types, symptoms, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/paralysis

  Paralysis refers to temporary or permanent loss of voluntary muscle movement in a body part or region. […] Paralysis is the loss of voluntary muscle function in one or more parts of the body as a result of damage to the nervous system. […] Paralysis occurs when nerve signals are interrupted as a result of damage to the nerves, spinal cord, or brain. […] The most common causes of paralysis in the United States include: stroke, spinal cord injury, cerebral palsy, and multiple sclerosis. […] Muscle weakness and paralysis result from damage to the nervous system, which any of the health problems above can cause. […] Some other possible causes of nervous system damage and resulting muscle weakness or paralysis include: brain or spinal cord tumors, infections, such as meningitis, encephalitis, and polio, spina bifida, motor neuron diseases, autoimmune diseases, and inherited disorders. […] Certain species of tick produce neurotoxins that can cause muscle weakness and acute paralysis of the feet in humans.

• #27 Weakness and Paralysis: Types, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://www.ganeshdiagnostic.com/blog/weakness-and-paralysis-types-causes-symptoms-and-treatment

  Weakness and paralysis can be caused by a variety of factors, including: […] Neurological conditions: Neurological conditions such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, and ALS can cause weakness and paralysis due to damage to the nervous system. […] Spinal cord injuries: Injuries to the spinal cord can result in paralysis. […] Traumatic brain injuries: Trauma to the brain, such as a concussion or contusion, can cause weakness and paralysis relying on the area and harshness of the damage. […] Stroke: A stroke occurs when blood flow to the brain is disrupted, leading to damage in the affected area. […] Infections: Certain infections, such as polio, meningitis, and encephalitis, can cause inflammation and damage to the nervous system, leading to weakness and paralysis. […] Autoimmune disorders: Some autoimmune disorders, such as Guillain-Barre syndrome and myasthenia gravis, can cause weakness and paralysis by attacking the nerves or neuromuscular junction.

• #28 Paralysis – Types of Paralysis & Their Causes

  https://www.webmd.com/brain/paralysis-types

  Tick paralysis and Lyme disease. Some ticks have neurotoxins in their spit glands that can cause paralysis, starting in your feet and legs and moving upward. Once the tick is removed, the paralysis goes away, but if its not treated, it can spread to your face and be very serious. Ticks sometimes also cause Lyme disease, a bacterial infection that can cause several different symptoms, including facial paralysis and numbness in your arms and legs. […] Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM). In some countries, this is called acute flaccid paralysis (AFP). It’s a polio-like illness likely caused by viruses. It occurs mostly in children. The most common symptom is sudden weakness in an arm or leg. In severe cases, it can affect swallowing, speech, and breathing.

• #29 WHO EMRO | Acute flaccid paralysis: risk communication and community engagement guidance | Publications | Health Emergency Preparedness and Internat

  https://www.emro.who.int/cpi/publications/acute-flaccid-paralysis-risk-communication-and-community-engagement-guidance.html

  Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) is a severe medical condition characterized by rapid onset of muscle weakness or paralysis and mainly affects children. […] AFP is associated with a variety of causes, including viral infections such as poliovirus, enterovirus and adenovirus, Campylobacter infections, as well as autoimmune diseases such as Guillain-Barr syndrome (a disorder where the immune system attacks the nerves) and transverse myelitis (inflammation of the spinal cord). […] Causes: In addition to poliovirus, a highly infectious virus that primarily affects the nervous system and can lead to severe paralysis and muscle weakness, potential causes range from other viral infections to autoimmune diseases and conditions, including transverse myelitis and Guillain-Barr syndrome. […] Poliovirus: A highly infectious virus that primarily affects the nervous system and can lead to severe paralysis and muscle weakness, has historically been a significant cause of AFP and acute flaccid myelitis (AFM).

• #30 Weakness and Paralysis: Types, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://www.ganeshdiagnostic.com/blog/weakness-and-paralysis-types-causes-symptoms-and-treatment

  Weakness and paralysis can be caused by a variety of factors, including: […] Neurological conditions: Neurological conditions such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, and ALS can cause weakness and paralysis due to damage to the nervous system. […] Spinal cord injuries: Injuries to the spinal cord can result in paralysis. […] Traumatic brain injuries: Trauma to the brain, such as a concussion or contusion, can cause weakness and paralysis relying on the area and harshness of the damage. […] Stroke: A stroke occurs when blood flow to the brain is disrupted, leading to damage in the affected area. […] Infections: Certain infections, such as polio, meningitis, and encephalitis, can cause inflammation and damage to the nervous system, leading to weakness and paralysis. […] Autoimmune disorders: Some autoimmune disorders, such as Guillain-Barre syndrome and myasthenia gravis, can cause weakness and paralysis by attacking the nerves or neuromuscular junction.

• #31 Understanding Paralysis: Prevalence, Causes, and Advances in Rehabilitation – Myolyn

  https://myolyn.com/incidence-and-prevalence-of-paralysis-myolyn/

  Paralysis is clinically defined as a loss of strength or lack of voluntary muscle control. When neural connections to the brain or spinal cord are disrupted, the resulting damage leads to either temporary or permanent paralysis. […] There are many causes of paralysis, but most incidences are the result of stroke (33.7%), with spinal cord injury (27.3%) following as a close second, then multiple sclerosis (18.6%), and cerebral palsy (8.3%). Other causes include: Acute Flaccid Myelitis, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Arteriovenous Malformations, Brachial Plexus Injury, Brain Injury, Cerebral Palsy, Friedrichs Ataxia, Guillain-Barr Syndrome, Leukodystrophies, Lyme Disease, Muscular Dystrophy, Neurofibromatosis, Peripheral Neuropathy, Post-Polio Syndrome, Spina Bifida, Spinal Muscular Atrophy, Spinal Tumors, Syringomyelia and Tethered Cord, Transverse Myelitis.

• #32 WHO EMRO | Acute flaccid paralysis: risk communication and community engagement guidance | Publications | Health Emergency Preparedness and Internat

  https://www.emro.who.int/cpi/publications/acute-flaccid-paralysis-risk-communication-and-community-engagement-guidance.html

  Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) is a severe medical condition characterized by rapid onset of muscle weakness or paralysis and mainly affects children. […] AFP is associated with a variety of causes, including viral infections such as poliovirus, enterovirus and adenovirus, Campylobacter infections, as well as autoimmune diseases such as Guillain-Barr syndrome (a disorder where the immune system attacks the nerves) and transverse myelitis (inflammation of the spinal cord). […] Causes: In addition to poliovirus, a highly infectious virus that primarily affects the nervous system and can lead to severe paralysis and muscle weakness, potential causes range from other viral infections to autoimmune diseases and conditions, including transverse myelitis and Guillain-Barr syndrome. […] Poliovirus: A highly infectious virus that primarily affects the nervous system and can lead to severe paralysis and muscle weakness, has historically been a significant cause of AFP and acute flaccid myelitis (AFM).

• #33 Facial Paralysis | Condition | UT Southwestern Medical Center

  https://utswmed.org/conditions-treatments/facial-paralysis/

  This condition affects someones ability to move the muscles on one or both sides of their face. It may be caused by damage to the facial nerve due to injury, infection, or a brain condition such as a stroke. […] The exact cause is unknown, but it’s often associated with viral infections. […] While most cases of facial paralysis are due to Bell’s palsy, many other causes can lead to similar symptoms. […] It occurs when cranial nerve number 7, also known as the facial nerve, is injured. […] The common causes of facial paralysis include the following: […] Bell’s palsy is the most common form of facial paralysis in the United States, with approximately 15,000 to 40,000 cases a year. […] The most common symptom of Bell’s palsy is a sudden onset of paralysis on one side of the face, which is often associated with ear pain.

• #34 Facial Paralysis Causes – Dr. Azizzadeh | Facial Paralysis Institute

  https://facialparalysisinstitute.com/conditions/causes-of-facial-paralysis/

  Facial nerve disorders present with a variety of different functional and aesthetic problems such as facial nerve paralysis, synkinesis, and hemifacial spasm. […] There are numerous causes of facial nerve paralysis. The most common causes include Bells palsy, acoustic neuroma, trauma and parotid cancer. […] Bells Palsy is thought to be caused by the reactivation of the herpes simplex virus resulting in inflammation or swelling of the nerve. […] Trauma to the bony canal behind the ear known as temporal bone fracture can result in facial paralysis. […] Injury can also occur from laceration or surgery to facial nerve in the facial region. […] Common facial paralysis causes include: Bells Palsy: Bells palsy is one of the leading half face paralysis causes. It results in inflammation of the facial nerve, leading to facial drooping and weakness on one side of the face.

• #35 Facial Paralysis Causes – Dr. Azizzadeh | Facial Paralysis Institute

  https://facialparalysisinstitute.com/conditions/causes-of-facial-paralysis/

  Stroke: A stroke can damage brain nerves used to control facial muscle movement. […] Head or Neck Tumor: A head or neck tumor sometimes hampers facial muscle movement. […] Facial Injury: An injury that impacts the face or a skull fracture can negatively affect the facial nerve and hinder a persons ability to produce facial expressions. […] Middle Ear Infection: In some instances, a middle ear infection and facial paralysis are interrelated. […] Lyme Disease: Research indicates that a small percentage of Lyme disease patients experience weakness on one or both sides of the face. […] Ramsay Hunt Syndrome: Ramsay Hunt syndrome is typically characterized by facial paralysis and an ear or mouth rash. […] Autoimmune Diseases: Facial paralysis has been linked to multiple sclerosis, Guillain-Barr syndrome, and other autoimmune conditions. […] An infection that affects the facial nerve can sometimes lead to facial paralysis. Facial nerve damage can hamper a persons ability to move the facial muscles. The result: an individual who suffers facial nerve damage can experience facial drooping that lingers for an extended period of time.

• #36 Facial Paralysis | Condition | UT Southwestern Medical Center

  https://utswmed.org/conditions-treatments/facial-paralysis/

  This condition affects someones ability to move the muscles on one or both sides of their face. It may be caused by damage to the facial nerve due to injury, infection, or a brain condition such as a stroke. […] The exact cause is unknown, but it’s often associated with viral infections. […] While most cases of facial paralysis are due to Bell’s palsy, many other causes can lead to similar symptoms. […] It occurs when cranial nerve number 7, also known as the facial nerve, is injured. […] The common causes of facial paralysis include the following: […] Bell’s palsy is the most common form of facial paralysis in the United States, with approximately 15,000 to 40,000 cases a year. […] The most common symptom of Bell’s palsy is a sudden onset of paralysis on one side of the face, which is often associated with ear pain.

• #37 Facial Paralysis | Condition | UT Southwestern Medical Center

  https://utswmed.org/conditions-treatments/facial-paralysis/

  Congenital facial palsy may appear also as part of a syndrome and involve one or both sides of the face. […] Moebius Syndrome is a rare form of bilateral facial paralysis in which the sixth cranial nerve (abducens nerve) responsible for lateral motion of the eye is also involved. […] Facial paralysis may be caused inadvertently by medical intervention or may at times be an inseparable part of a procedure in which the facial nerve must be removed. […] Trauma that causes facial nerve paralysis generally occurs in one of two locations: […] Facial nerve paralysis can be caused by tumors. […] Several viruses, including varicella-zoster, herpes simplex, and Epstein-Barr (EBV) may cause facial paralysis. […] Another known infectious cause for facial paralysis is Lyme disease, seen more on the East Coast and caused by ticks commonly found on deer.

• #38 Conditions That Can Cause Facial Paralysis – New York Facial Paralysis

  https://www.newyorkfacialparalysis.com/blog/conditions-that-can-cause-facial-paralysis/

  Facial paralysis, characterized by the inability to control facial muscles, can be caused by various types of palsy and other health conditions. These conditions can range from mild and temporary to severe and permanent, depending on the underlying cause. […] Bell’s palsy is the most common cause of acute facial paralysis. It is typically temporary and occurs when the facial nerve becomes inflamed, often due to a viral infection, like herpes simplex (the virus responsible for cold sores). […] Ramsay Hunt Syndrome is a variant of herpes zoster (shingles) that affects the facial nerve. It can cause not only facial paralysis but also painful skin rashes and hearing loss. It is caused by the varicella-zoster virus, which also causes chickenpox. […] Moebius syndrome is a rare congenital disorder that results in facial and sometimes other cranial nerve paralysis. It affects the sixth and seventh cranial nerves, leading to difficulty with eye movement, smiling, and other facial expressions.

• #39 Conditions That Can Cause Facial Paralysis – New York Facial Paralysis

  https://www.newyorkfacialparalysis.com/blog/conditions-that-can-cause-facial-paralysis/

  Physical trauma, such as a skull fracture or surgery near the facial nerve, can result in facial paralysis. […] Additionally, tumors or other growths that compress the facial nerve can lead to paralysis. […] Unlike other types of facial palsy, central facial palsy is a result of damage to the upper motor neurons in the central nervous system. This is often caused by strokes, brain injuries, or other neurological conditions. […] Hemifacial spasm is characterized by involuntary muscle contractions on one side of the face, causing repetitive, uncontrollable twitching or movements. It’s often caused by the compression of the facial nerve by a blood vessel, leading to nerve irritation. […] This is a rare genetic disorder that can lead to progressive muscle weakness and facial paralysis due to peripheral nerve damage. […] This syndrome results from a complication of a middle ear infection where the infection spreads and affects the abducens (sixth cranial) and facial nerves, leading to facial and eye muscle paralysis.

• #40 Paralysis – Types of Paralysis & Their Causes

  https://www.webmd.com/brain/paralysis-types

  Motor neuron diseases (MNDs). Motor neurons are the nerve cells that control the muscles you use to walk, breathe, speak, and move your limbs. There are two types: upper motor neurons, which send signals from your brain down to your spinal cord; and lower motor neurons, which get those signals and send them to your muscles. MNDs are diseases that damage these cells over time. […] Periodic paralysis. This is caused by genetic differences some people inherit. It involves seemingly random attacks of paralysis. Depending on the type, the attacks can be triggered by low or high potassium levels in the blood, exercise, stress, colds, high carbohydrate meals, fasting, certain medicines, or high thyroid hormone levels. […] Bells palsy. This makes one side of your face appear to droop. Doctors think its caused by certain viruses, including the herpes viruses that cause cold sores, chicken pox, and shingles.

• #41 Periodic Paralysis | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/p/periodic-paralysis.html

  Periodic paralysis (PP) is a rare genetic disorder. It causes sudden attacks of short-term muscle weakness, stiffness, or paralysis. […] The different forms of PP all result from genetic problems. These problems result in ion channel defects. The ion channels normally control the way that charged minerals (ions) such as potassium, sodium, and calcium enter and leave your muscle cells. […] There are many different defects that can cause PP. These affect sodium, calcium, or potassium ion channels. There are also many unidentified PP defects. In most cases, you can get PP if just one parent has the condition.

• #42 Familial Periodic Paralysis – Children’s Health Issues – MSD Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/children-s-health-issues/muscular-dystrophies-and-related-disorders/familial-periodic-paralysis

  Familial periodic paralysis is a rare inherited disorder that causes sudden attacks of weakness and paralysis. […] There are 4 different forms, which involve abnormalities in how electrolytes, such as sodium and potassium, are moved in and out of cells. […] Attacks of familial periodic paralysis occur in response to the amount of potassium in a person’s blood. […] In hypokalemic periodic paralysis, the paralysis is caused by low levels of potassium in the blood (hypokalemia). […] In hyperkalemic periodic paralysis, the paralysis is caused by high levels of potassium in the blood (hyperkalemia). […] In thyrotoxic periodic paralysis, the paralysis is caused by low levels of potassium in the blood, and people also have signs of an overactive thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism). […] In Andersen-Tawil syndrome, potassium levels can be high, low, or normal.

• #43 Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis: MedlinePlus GeneticsLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/hyperkalemic-periodic-paralysis/

  Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis is a condition that causes episodes of extreme muscle weakness or paralysis, usually beginning in infancy or early childhood. […] Factors that can trigger attacks include rest after exercise, potassium-rich foods such as bananas and potatoes, stress, fatigue, alcohol, pregnancy, exposure to hot or cold temperatures, certain medications, and periods without food (fasting). […] Most people with hyperkalemic periodic paralysis have increased levels of potassium in their blood (hyperkalemia) during attacks. […] Mutations in the SCN4A gene can cause hyperkalemic periodic paralysis. […] The SCN4A gene provides instructions for making a protein that plays an essential role in muscles used for movement (skeletal muscles). […] Mutations in the SCN4A gene alter the usual structure and function of sodium channels. […] In 30 to 40 percent of cases, the cause of hyperkalemic periodic paralysis is unknown. […] Changes in other genes, which have not been identified, likely cause the disorder in these cases.

• #44 Primary Periodic Paralysis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/brain/primary-periodic-paralysis

  PPP is caused by a flaw in genes that control the sodium, chloride, calcium, and potassium channels in your muscle cells. When the balance of those minerals is off, your muscles wont work well when nerves signal them to move. They might respond less and less to those signals, which makes your muscles feel weak. If levels are severely out of balance, the muscles can become unable to move, or paralyzed. […] Certain things can set off attacks of muscle weakness or paralysis in children and adults. You might get symptoms when you: […] PPP happens when theres a problem with your muscle cells, specifically the channels that let key minerals — sodium, chloride, calcium, and potassium — flow in and out of them. You need the right balance of these minerals inside and outside of these cells for muscles to move the way they should.

• #45 Paralysis – Types of Paralysis & Their Causes

  https://www.webmd.com/brain/paralysis-types

  Motor neuron diseases (MNDs). Motor neurons are the nerve cells that control the muscles you use to walk, breathe, speak, and move your limbs. There are two types: upper motor neurons, which send signals from your brain down to your spinal cord; and lower motor neurons, which get those signals and send them to your muscles. MNDs are diseases that damage these cells over time. […] Periodic paralysis. This is caused by genetic differences some people inherit. It involves seemingly random attacks of paralysis. Depending on the type, the attacks can be triggered by low or high potassium levels in the blood, exercise, stress, colds, high carbohydrate meals, fasting, certain medicines, or high thyroid hormone levels. […] Bells palsy. This makes one side of your face appear to droop. Doctors think its caused by certain viruses, including the herpes viruses that cause cold sores, chicken pox, and shingles.

• #46 Vocal cord paralysis – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vocal-cord-paralysis/symptoms-causes/syc-20378873

  Vocal cord paralysis happens when nerve impulses to the voice box, known as the larynx, are disrupted. This causes the muscle to become paralyzed. Often the exact cause of vocal cord paralysis isn’t known. But some known causes may include: […] Possible causes of vocal cord paralysis include nerve damage during surgery, viral infections and certain cancers. […] Injury to the vocal cord during surgery. Surgery on or near the neck or upper chest can result in damage to the nerves that serve the voice box. Surgeries that carry a risk of damage include surgeries to the thyroid or parathyroid glands, esophagus, neck, and chest. […] Neck or chest injury. Trauma to the neck or chest may injure the nerves that serve the vocal cords or the voice box itself. […] Stroke. A stroke interrupts blood flow in the brain and may damage the part of the brain that sends messages to the voice box.

• #47 Vocal Cord Paralysis Treatment New York & Manhattan NY

  https://www.newyorkent.com/ent-conditions/voice-swallowing/vocal-cord-paralysis/

  Vocal cord paralysis is often referred to as idiopathic, meaning the origin of the condition is not known. However, there are a few causes that are known, including: […] Injury during surgery. Sometimes surgery on the lungs, esophagus, heart, or thyroid can inadvertently result in injury and paralysis or paresis of the vocal cords. […] Viral infections. Inflammation from an infection can injure nerves and result in paralysis. […] Tumors of the neck or chest. Tumors, either cancerous or noncancerous, can grow surrounding a nerve and squeeze it, resulting in varying degrees of paralysis. […] Blunt neck or chest trauma. Any kind of serious impact on the neck or chest may injure the nerves that carry signals to the voice box.

• #48 Vocal cord paralysis – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vocal-cord-paralysis/symptoms-causes/syc-20378873

  Vocal cord paralysis happens when nerve impulses to the voice box, known as the larynx, are disrupted. This causes the muscle to become paralyzed. Often the exact cause of vocal cord paralysis isn’t known. But some known causes may include: […] Possible causes of vocal cord paralysis include nerve damage during surgery, viral infections and certain cancers. […] Injury to the vocal cord during surgery. Surgery on or near the neck or upper chest can result in damage to the nerves that serve the voice box. Surgeries that carry a risk of damage include surgeries to the thyroid or parathyroid glands, esophagus, neck, and chest. […] Neck or chest injury. Trauma to the neck or chest may injure the nerves that serve the vocal cords or the voice box itself. […] Stroke. A stroke interrupts blood flow in the brain and may damage the part of the brain that sends messages to the voice box.

• #49 Vocal cord paralysis – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vocal-cord-paralysis/symptoms-causes/syc-20378873

  Tumors. Tumors, both cancerous and noncancerous, can grow in or around the muscles, cartilage or nerves controlling the function of the voice box. This can cause vocal cord paralysis. […] Infections. Some infections, such as Lyme disease, Epstein-Barr virus and herpes, can cause inflammation and directly damage the nerves in the voice box. There’s some evidence that infection with COVID-19 may cause vocal cord paralysis. […] Neurological conditions. Certain neurological conditions, such as multiple sclerosis or Parkinson’s disease, can lead to vocal cord paralysis.

• #50 Vocal Cord Paralysis Causes and Diagnoses | Northwestern Medicine

  https://www.nm.org/conditions-and-care-areas/ent-ear-nose-throat/vocal-cord-paralysis/causes-and-diagnoses

  Vocal cord paralysis is caused by the disruption of nerve impulses to the muscles of the larynx. In about half of all cases, physicians cannot detect why this occurs. The nerves controlling the vocal cords are long and may be vulnerable to injury in parts of the body not usually associated with the vocal cords. […] Possible causes include: Surgery to the head, neck or chest, Injury to the head, neck or chest, Tumors of the skull base, neck and chest, Lung or thyroid cancer, Intubation (breathing tube) injury, Viral infections, including: Epstein-Barr or other herpes virus, Lyme disease, Stroke, Parkinsons disease, Multiple sclerosis.

• #51 Sleep paralysis: Causes, symptoms, and treatments – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/diseases-and-conditions/sleep-paralysis-causes-symptoms-and-treatments

  Sleep paralysis is a temporary sense of paralysis that occurs between stages of wakefulness and sleep. […] While the exact cause of sleep paralysis is not understood, research has linked certain sleep habits to the condition: inadequate sleep, an irregular sleep schedule or a sleep schedule that often changes (this is often the case for shift workers), sleeping on your back. […] In addition, sleep paralysis has also been linked with sleep disorders such as narcolepsy. Narcolepsy is a disorder that causes sudden episodes of deep sleep caused by a problem with the brain’s ability to regulate sleep. […] Many people report stressful events or an emotional experience preceding the episodes. […] In addition, research suggests there may be a genetic predisposition to this condition.

• #52 What Causes Sleep Paralysis and How Can You Prevent It?

  https://sleeplessinarizona.com/what-causes-sleep-paralysis-and-how-can-you-prevent-it/

  REM sleep paralyzes the body to stop movement during dreams. Sometimes, that paralysis lasts a little longer after waking up. In this state, people are aware of their surroundings but can’t move or speak. […] Sleep paralysis happens during specific sleep stages. Sleep alternates between non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM). Each stage has a unique purpose. […] Experts have linked sleep paralysis to several factors, including sleep disorders, disrupted sleep cycles, and neurological conditions. […] One of the biggest triggers of sleep paralysis is a messed-up sleep cycle. […] Narcolepsy disrupts REM sleep and raises the risk of sleep paralysis. […] Anxiety, PTSD, and depression often go hand in hand with sleep paralysis. […] Certain neurological conditions, such as migraines and epilepsy, have been linked to sleep paralysis. Some research also suggests a genetic component if someone in your family experiences sleep paralysis, you might be more likely to have it too.

• #53 Sleep paralysis: Causes, symptoms, and treatments – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/diseases-and-conditions/sleep-paralysis-causes-symptoms-and-treatments

  Sleep paralysis is a temporary sense of paralysis that occurs between stages of wakefulness and sleep. […] While the exact cause of sleep paralysis is not understood, research has linked certain sleep habits to the condition: inadequate sleep, an irregular sleep schedule or a sleep schedule that often changes (this is often the case for shift workers), sleeping on your back. […] In addition, sleep paralysis has also been linked with sleep disorders such as narcolepsy. Narcolepsy is a disorder that causes sudden episodes of deep sleep caused by a problem with the brain’s ability to regulate sleep. […] Many people report stressful events or an emotional experience preceding the episodes. […] In addition, research suggests there may be a genetic predisposition to this condition.

• #54 Sleep paralysis: Causes, symptoms, and treatments – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/diseases-and-conditions/sleep-paralysis-causes-symptoms-and-treatments

  Sleep paralysis is a temporary sense of paralysis that occurs between stages of wakefulness and sleep. […] While the exact cause of sleep paralysis is not understood, research has linked certain sleep habits to the condition: inadequate sleep, an irregular sleep schedule or a sleep schedule that often changes (this is often the case for shift workers), sleeping on your back. […] In addition, sleep paralysis has also been linked with sleep disorders such as narcolepsy. Narcolepsy is a disorder that causes sudden episodes of deep sleep caused by a problem with the brain’s ability to regulate sleep. […] Many people report stressful events or an emotional experience preceding the episodes. […] In addition, research suggests there may be a genetic predisposition to this condition.

• #55 What Causes Sleep Paralysis and How Can You Prevent It?

  https://sleeplessinarizona.com/what-causes-sleep-paralysis-and-how-can-you-prevent-it/

  REM sleep paralyzes the body to stop movement during dreams. Sometimes, that paralysis lasts a little longer after waking up. In this state, people are aware of their surroundings but can’t move or speak. […] Sleep paralysis happens during specific sleep stages. Sleep alternates between non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM). Each stage has a unique purpose. […] Experts have linked sleep paralysis to several factors, including sleep disorders, disrupted sleep cycles, and neurological conditions. […] One of the biggest triggers of sleep paralysis is a messed-up sleep cycle. […] Narcolepsy disrupts REM sleep and raises the risk of sleep paralysis. […] Anxiety, PTSD, and depression often go hand in hand with sleep paralysis. […] Certain neurological conditions, such as migraines and epilepsy, have been linked to sleep paralysis. Some research also suggests a genetic component if someone in your family experiences sleep paralysis, you might be more likely to have it too.

• #56 Sleep Paralysis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.helpguide.org/wellness/sleep/sleep-paralysis-causes-symptoms-and-treatment

  What causes sleep paralysis? […] Today, researchers have a better, but still imperfect, understanding of what causes the condition. Sleep paralysis can be a symptom of narcolepsy or another sleep disorder. When its not related to a medical issue, its known as isolated sleep paralysis. If you experience at least two of these episodes in a six-month period, you may have recurrent isolated sleep paralysis (RISP). […] The following factors may increase your risk of sleep paralysis: […] Sleep quality. Not sleeping well increases the likelihood of you experiencing sleep paralysis. Your episodes might coincide with bouts of insomnia or nightmares, for example. […] Substance abuse or medication. Alcohol use, as well as withdrawal, can affect REM sleep, increasing the risk of parasomnia conditions like sleep paralysis. Substances such as nicotine and some prescribed medication can also sometimes interfere with sleep and lead to episodes.

• #57 Paralysis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paralysis

  Paralysis is most often caused by damage in the nervous system, especially the spinal cord. Other major causes are stroke, trauma with nerve injury, poliomyelitis, cerebral palsy, peripheral neuropathy, Parkinson’s disease, ALS, botulism, spina bifida, multiple sclerosis, and GuillainBarr syndrome. […] Drugs that interfere with nerve function, such as curare, can also cause paralysis. […] Pseudoparalysis is voluntary restriction or inhibition of motion because of pain, incoordination, orgasm, or other cause, and is not due to actual muscular paralysis. […] Paralysis can occur in newborns due to a congenital defect known as spina bifida. […] Ascending paralysis presents in the lower limbs before the upper limbs. It can be associated with GuillainBarr syndrome (another name for this condition is Landry’s ascending paralysis).

• #58 Causes and Treatment for Temporary and Permanent Paralysis

  https://www.spinalcord.com/blog/what-causes-temporary-paralysis

  Any injury to the spinal cord is liable to have long-lasting effects, but the causes of such an incident vary greatly from case to case. […] Infections can cause paralysis. […] Paralysis from infections, although uncommon, is a very real threat. […] The most common cause of acute paralysis in the United States is chicken contamination, according to NutritionFacts.org. […] Muscarine poisoning is caused by the ingestion of dozens of species of mushrooms and toadstools. In severe cases, these poisons can induce the start of complete or partial paralysis by attacking one’s central nervous system. […] Certain species of fish are poisonous by nature, like puffer fish. […] Food poisoning can be caused by ingesting mussels, clams, scallops, and oysters because they can contain Saxitoxin which is a potent neurotoxin. Ingestion of saxitoxin can result in a variety of severe illnesses. It can even produce paralysis or weakness around the mouth within a few minutes of ingesting it, which can spread to the rest of the body gradually.

• #59 What Are The Leading Causes of Paralysis?

  https://drdassans.com/blog/what-are-the-leading-causes-of-paralysis/?srsltid=AfmBOor4GyMvT45z0yFtIXeKHTr646O6rDmizQoLnMKj3MOTxz71tAps

  Paralysis refers to the loss of muscle function in part or all of the body as a result of nerve damage, disease, or trauma. […] Stroke is one of the leading causes of paralysis. […] Spinal cord injury is another common cause of paralysis. […] Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system and can result in paralysis. […] Bells palsy is a condition that causes sudden, temporary paralysis on one side of the face. […] Cerebral palsy is a neurological disorder that affects muscle tone, movement, and motor skills. […] Guillain-Barre Syndrome is a rare autoimmune disorder that causes the body’s immune system to attack the peripheral nervous system, leading to paralysis. […] Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurological disorder that affects the nerve cells responsible for controlling muscle movement, leading to paralysis.

• #60 Paralyzed Diaphragm | Diaphragmatic Paralysis | Saint John’s

  https://www.saintjohnscancer.org/thoracic/conditions/paralyzed-diaphragm-diaphragmatic-paralysis/

  Diaphragm paralysis sometimes occurs because of damage to your phrenic nerve. There are many situations where the phrenic nerve does not work because it was invaded, compressed, cut, including: […] The paralysis of the diaphragm can lead to its weakness or even complete inability to contract. […] Management of diaphragm paralysis depends on its cause and severity but may include respiratory therapies, mechanical aids like ventilators in severe cases, or surgical interventions such as diaphragm pacing or repair, depending on the specific circumstances and overall health condition. […] The reversibility of diaphragm paralysis depends on the cause. If the paralysis is due to reversible nerve damage, such as bruising or compression of the phrenic nerve, there’s potential for recovery as the nerve heals. However, severe damage like nerve severance may require surgical interventions like diaphragm plication, which tightens the diaphragm, or diaphragm pacing, which uses electrical impulses to stimulate the nerve.

• #61 Diaphragmatic Weakness & Paralysis | Columbia Surgery

  https://columbiasurgery.org/conditions-and-treatments/diaphragmatic-weakness-paralysis

  A weak or paralyzed diaphragm often goes misdiagnosed and left untreated, causing breathing issues that can worsen over time. […] A paralyzed diaphragm is rarely caused by an injury to the diaphragm itself, but rather by an injury to the phrenic nerve or cervical spine. […] Diaphragmatic weakness or paralysis is caused by damage or pressure on the phrenic nerve. There are several known causes that can lead to diaphragm paralysis: Birth defects such as congenital central hypoventilation syndrome, Diseases of the nervous system, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or multiple sclerosis, Injury, such as an upper cervical spinal cord injury that has spared the phrenic nerve, Phrenic nerve fraying or damaging following cardiothoracic or pulmonary surgery, Cervical spine arthritis, Cancer that has spread and compresses the phrenic nerve. […] While the cause can be identified in some cases, as many as 40 to 50% of paralyzed diaphragms are idiopathic, meaning the cause is unknown.

• #62 Diaphragmatic Weakness & Paralysis | Columbia Surgery

  https://columbiasurgery.org/conditions-and-treatments/diaphragmatic-weakness-paralysis

  A weak or paralyzed diaphragm often goes misdiagnosed and left untreated, causing breathing issues that can worsen over time. […] A paralyzed diaphragm is rarely caused by an injury to the diaphragm itself, but rather by an injury to the phrenic nerve or cervical spine. […] Diaphragmatic weakness or paralysis is caused by damage or pressure on the phrenic nerve. There are several known causes that can lead to diaphragm paralysis: Birth defects such as congenital central hypoventilation syndrome, Diseases of the nervous system, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or multiple sclerosis, Injury, such as an upper cervical spinal cord injury that has spared the phrenic nerve, Phrenic nerve fraying or damaging following cardiothoracic or pulmonary surgery, Cervical spine arthritis, Cancer that has spread and compresses the phrenic nerve. […] While the cause can be identified in some cases, as many as 40 to 50% of paralyzed diaphragms are idiopathic, meaning the cause is unknown.

• #63 Diaphragmatic Paralysis: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/298200-overview

  The most common diagnosed cause is a malignant (ie, metastatic lung cancer) lesion leading to nerve compression (approximately 30% of patients). […] If malignancy is not the cause, many times the etiology cannot be determined. […] Other causes in the differential include blunt cervical trauma, surgical trauma (mainly thoracic), herpes zoster, cervical spondylosis, and supraclavicular brachial plexus block (which can be largely avoided with the use of ultrasound.) Upper cervical radiculopathies, Hashimoto encephalopathy, and neuromyelitis optica as causes of hemidiaphragmatic paralysis have also been reported. […] The most common causes are secondary to motor neuron disease, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and postpolio syndrome. […] Other causes include thoracic trauma, cardiac surgery, multiple sclerosis, myopathies, muscular dystrophy (acid maltase deficiency), Guillain-Barr syndrome, and Parsonage-Turner syndrome (neuropathy of brachial plexus). Bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis has been reported in patients with foodborne botulism.

• #64 Paralysis | Causes, Symptoms & Treatment | Britannica

  https://www.britannica.com/science/paralysis

  Of the diseases that attack lower motor neurons and result in paralysis with muscular wasting, the most common are poliomyelitis and polyneuritis, the former affecting the cell bodies or the bulbar and spinal motor neurons and the latter affecting their peripheral processes. […] Muscular weakness without structural alteration in nerve or muscle tissue may be a symptom of disturbances in metabolism arising from a wide variety of causes. Among such conditions are diseases of the endocrine glands, certain intoxications, and several metabolic defects.

• #65 Primary Periodic Paralysis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/brain/primary-periodic-paralysis

  Sometimes, periodic paralysis is brought on by another, or secondary, condition. This is the case with thyrotoxic periodic paralysis (TPP). People with this have a thyroid gland that makes too much thyroid hormone. That, combined with low potassium levels in the blood, causes symptoms that are similar to hypoKPP. This condition is more common in men of Asian, Native American, or Latin American descent.

• #66

  https://journals.lww.com/annalsofian/fulltext/2013/16030/etiological_spectrum_of_hypokalemic_paralysis__a.15.aspx

  Hypokalemic paralysis is characterized by episodes of acute muscle weakness associated with hypokalemia. In this study, we evaluated the possible etiological factors in patients of hypokalemic paralysis. […] In conclusion, more than half of patients had secondary causes responsible for hypokalemic paralysis. Dengue virus infection was the second leading cause of hypokalemic paralysis, after thyrotoxicosis. Presence of severe disability, severe hypokalemia, and a late disease onset suggested secondary hypokalemic paralysis. […] Hypokalemic paralysis is caused either by an enhanced shift of potassium ion into the cells or following a significant renal or gastrointestinal loss of potassium. […] Thyrotoxicosis is the most frequent secondary cause of hypokalemic paralysis. […] Secondary hypokalemic paralysis is usually associated with renal and gastrointestinal disorders.

• #67

  https://journals.lww.com/annalsofian/fulltext/2013/16030/etiological_spectrum_of_hypokalemic_paralysis__a.15.aspx

  Hypokalemic paralysis is characterized by episodes of acute muscle weakness associated with hypokalemia. In this study, we evaluated the possible etiological factors in patients of hypokalemic paralysis. […] In conclusion, more than half of patients had secondary causes responsible for hypokalemic paralysis. Dengue virus infection was the second leading cause of hypokalemic paralysis, after thyrotoxicosis. Presence of severe disability, severe hypokalemia, and a late disease onset suggested secondary hypokalemic paralysis. […] Hypokalemic paralysis is caused either by an enhanced shift of potassium ion into the cells or following a significant renal or gastrointestinal loss of potassium. […] Thyrotoxicosis is the most frequent secondary cause of hypokalemic paralysis. […] Secondary hypokalemic paralysis is usually associated with renal and gastrointestinal disorders.

• #68

  https://journals.lww.com/annalsofian/fulltext/2013/16030/etiological_spectrum_of_hypokalemic_paralysis__a.15.aspx

  In our study, 15 (52%) patients had secondary cause of hypokalemic paralysis, which included thyrotoxicosis, dengue viral infection, distal RTA, Gitelman syndrome, and Conn’s syndrome. […] Hypokalemic paralysis is known to be associated with dengue virus infection. […] In our study, thyrotoxicosis was present in 20.6% cases and was the most frequent identifiable cause. […] Secondary hypokalemic paralysis was associated with significantly lower serum potassium levels, and possibly profound potassium loss led to a longer time to complete recovery, and a longer stay in the hospital. […] More than half of our patients of hypokalemic paralysis had some secondary etiology. Dengue infection was an important cause of hypokalemic paralysis. Presence of severe disability and severe hypokalemia suggested a secondary cause of hypokalemic paralysis.

• #69 Paralysis: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/paralysis-5224673

  Paralysis describes complete or partial weakness of the body or part of the body. It can occur suddenly or gradually as a result of conditions that affect the brain, spinal cord, or nerves. […] Many different conditions can cause paralysis, including: Stroke: An interruption of blood flow in an artery in the brain can affect areas of the brain that control motor movement. Heart disease, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and uncontrolled diabetes are common risk factors. […] Damage to the brain, spinal cord, or nerves can cause paralysis.

• #70 Facial Paralysis | Condition | UT Southwestern Medical Center

  https://utswmed.org/conditions-treatments/facial-paralysis/

  This condition affects someones ability to move the muscles on one or both sides of their face. It may be caused by damage to the facial nerve due to injury, infection, or a brain condition such as a stroke. […] The exact cause is unknown, but it’s often associated with viral infections. […] While most cases of facial paralysis are due to Bell’s palsy, many other causes can lead to similar symptoms. […] It occurs when cranial nerve number 7, also known as the facial nerve, is injured. […] The common causes of facial paralysis include the following: […] Bell’s palsy is the most common form of facial paralysis in the United States, with approximately 15,000 to 40,000 cases a year. […] The most common symptom of Bell’s palsy is a sudden onset of paralysis on one side of the face, which is often associated with ear pain.

• #71 Bell’s palsy causes sudden facial paralysis | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/news/article/bells-palsy-causes-sudden-facial-paralysis

  Bells palsy is a neurological disorder that occurs when something interrupts the signals from the facial nerve, which animates the muscles in the face. […] Bells palsy is the most common cause of facial paralysis. Although the exact cause of the disorder remains unclear, there appears to be a link to the functioning of the immune system. […] Risk factors include high blood pressure, diabetes, pregnancy, being overweight, having a dormant viral infection, autoimmune syndromes and living with an upper-respiratory ailment. […] Some researchers suspect chronic inflammation, which can damage the tissues that insulate the facial nerve, may also play a role.

• #72 Primary Periodic Paralysis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/brain/primary-periodic-paralysis

  PPP is caused by a flaw in genes that control the sodium, chloride, calcium, and potassium channels in your muscle cells. When the balance of those minerals is off, your muscles wont work well when nerves signal them to move. They might respond less and less to those signals, which makes your muscles feel weak. If levels are severely out of balance, the muscles can become unable to move, or paralyzed. […] Certain things can set off attacks of muscle weakness or paralysis in children and adults. You might get symptoms when you: […] PPP happens when theres a problem with your muscle cells, specifically the channels that let key minerals — sodium, chloride, calcium, and potassium — flow in and out of them. You need the right balance of these minerals inside and outside of these cells for muscles to move the way they should.

• #73 Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis: MedlinePlus GeneticsLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/hyperkalemic-periodic-paralysis/

  Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis is a condition that causes episodes of extreme muscle weakness or paralysis, usually beginning in infancy or early childhood. […] Factors that can trigger attacks include rest after exercise, potassium-rich foods such as bananas and potatoes, stress, fatigue, alcohol, pregnancy, exposure to hot or cold temperatures, certain medications, and periods without food (fasting). […] Most people with hyperkalemic periodic paralysis have increased levels of potassium in their blood (hyperkalemia) during attacks. […] Mutations in the SCN4A gene can cause hyperkalemic periodic paralysis. […] The SCN4A gene provides instructions for making a protein that plays an essential role in muscles used for movement (skeletal muscles). […] Mutations in the SCN4A gene alter the usual structure and function of sodium channels. […] In 30 to 40 percent of cases, the cause of hyperkalemic periodic paralysis is unknown. […] Changes in other genes, which have not been identified, likely cause the disorder in these cases.

• #74 Prevalence and Causes of Paralysis—United States, 2013

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5024361/

  Objectives. To estimate the prevalence and causes of functional paralysis in the United States. […] Results. Stroke is the leading cause of paralysis, affecting 33.7% of the population with paralysis, followed by spinal cord injury (27.3%), multiple sclerosis (18.6%), and cerebral palsy (8.3%). […] This report estimates that nearly 5.4 million persons live with paralysis in the United States and that the leading causes of paralysis include stroke, spinal cord injury, MS, and cerebral palsy. […] Population estimates of spinal cord injury appear much higher in our study than in previous studies, and there appears to be a greater proportion of women with paralysis caused by spinal cord injury than previously thought.

• #75 Prevalence and Causes of Paralysis—United States, 2013

  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/47318

  Objectives To estimate the prevalence and causes of functional paralysis in the United States. […] Results Nearly 5.4 million persons live with paralysis. […] Stroke is the leading cause of paralysis, affecting 33.7% of the population with paralysis, followed by spinal cord injury (27.3%), multiple sclerosis (18.6%), and cerebral palsy (8.3%). […] Conclusions According to the functional definition, persons living with paralysis represent a large segment of the US population, and two thirds of them are between ages 18 and 64 years.

• #76 Facial Paralysis | Condition | UT Southwestern Medical Center

  https://utswmed.org/conditions-treatments/facial-paralysis/

  This condition affects someones ability to move the muscles on one or both sides of their face. It may be caused by damage to the facial nerve due to injury, infection, or a brain condition such as a stroke. […] The exact cause is unknown, but it’s often associated with viral infections. […] While most cases of facial paralysis are due to Bell’s palsy, many other causes can lead to similar symptoms. […] It occurs when cranial nerve number 7, also known as the facial nerve, is injured. […] The common causes of facial paralysis include the following: […] Bell’s palsy is the most common form of facial paralysis in the United States, with approximately 15,000 to 40,000 cases a year. […] The most common symptom of Bell’s palsy is a sudden onset of paralysis on one side of the face, which is often associated with ear pain.

• #77 Diaphragmatic Weakness & Paralysis | Columbia Surgery

  https://columbiasurgery.org/conditions-and-treatments/diaphragmatic-weakness-paralysis

  A weak or paralyzed diaphragm often goes misdiagnosed and left untreated, causing breathing issues that can worsen over time. […] A paralyzed diaphragm is rarely caused by an injury to the diaphragm itself, but rather by an injury to the phrenic nerve or cervical spine. […] Diaphragmatic weakness or paralysis is caused by damage or pressure on the phrenic nerve. There are several known causes that can lead to diaphragm paralysis: Birth defects such as congenital central hypoventilation syndrome, Diseases of the nervous system, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or multiple sclerosis, Injury, such as an upper cervical spinal cord injury that has spared the phrenic nerve, Phrenic nerve fraying or damaging following cardiothoracic or pulmonary surgery, Cervical spine arthritis, Cancer that has spread and compresses the phrenic nerve. […] While the cause can be identified in some cases, as many as 40 to 50% of paralyzed diaphragms are idiopathic, meaning the cause is unknown.

• #78 Paralysis: Definition and Patient Education

  https://www.healthline.com/health/paralysis

  Paralysis is a loss of muscle function in part of your body. […] A treatment plan and outlook for the condition will depend on the underlying cause of paralysis, as well as symptoms experienced. […] Some people are born paralyzed. Others develop paralysis due to an accident or a medical condition. […] According to the Christopher and Dana Reeve Foundation, stroke is the leading cause of paralysis in the United States. Its responsible for nearly 30 percent of cases. Spinal cord injury accounts for an estimated 23 percent of cases. Multiple sclerosis causes an estimated 17 percent of cases. […] Other causes of paralysis include cerebral palsy, post-polio syndrome, traumatic brain injury, neurofibromatosis, and birth defects.

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