Małopłytkowość – Epidemiologia

Małopłytkowość
Epidemiologia

Małopłytkowość definiowana jest jako liczba płytek krwi poniżej 150 × 10³/µL, z normami wahającymi się od 150 do 450 × 10³/µL w zależności od populacji. Immunologiczna małopłytkowość (ITP) jest jedną z najczęstszych postaci, z roczną zapadalnością u dorosłych wynoszącą 1,6-3,9/100 000 osób, a u dzieci 1,1-5,8/100 000. Chorobowość przewlekłej ITP w USA wynosi około 9,5-11,2/100 000. Występowanie ITP jest wyższe u kobiet w wieku 30-40 lat (4,4/100 000) niż u mężczyzn (3,4/100 000), natomiast u dzieci częściej dotyka chłopców. Wiek, płeć, przebyte infekcje wirusowe oraz pochodzenie etniczne wpływają na ryzyko zachorowania. Małopłytkowość wtórna, związana z chorobami autoimmunologicznymi, nowotworami czy lekami, stanowi istotny odsetek przypadków, a małopłytkowość w zespołach mielodysplastycznych występuje u 40-65% pacjentów, nasilając się wraz z ryzykiem według IPSS.

Epidemiologia małopłytkowości

Epidemiologia małopłytkowości immunologicznej
Różnice płciowe i wiekowe
Sezonowość występowania
Globalne dane epidemiologiczne
Czynniki ryzyka i populacje szczególnego ryzyka
Wtórna małopłytkowość immunologiczna
Małopłytkowość w zespołach mielodysplastycznych
Małopłytkowość wywołana lekami
Małopłytkowość w ciąży
Powikłania i śmiertelność
Małopłytkowość jako powikłanie u pacjentów z guzami litymi

Wyzwania diagnostyczne i nadzór
Wnioski i perspektywy

Kolejne rozdziały

Epidemiologia małopłytkowości

Małopłytkowość, definiowana jako liczba płytek krwi poniżej 150 × 10³/µL, jest częstym zjawiskiem klinicznym o zróżnicowanej epidemiologii w zależności od przyczyny, wieku, płci i pochodzenia etnicznego. Normy płytek krwi mogą nieznacznie różnić się w populacji – kobiety, osoby młodsze i osoby rasy czarnej nie-latynoskiego pochodzenia mają zazwyczaj nieco wyższe wartości płytek krwi¹. Zakres prawidłowej liczby płytek krwi wynosi zwykle od 150 do 450 × 10³/µL, choć niektóre laboratoria mogą określać nieco inne zakresy. Mężczyźni, osoby starsze i populacja rasy białej mają tendencję do niższych wartości płytek krwi².

Epidemiologia małopłytkowości immunologicznej

Małopłytkowość immunologiczna (ITP) jest jedną z najczęstszych postaci małopłytkowości. Roczna zapadalność na ITP wynosi około 1,6-3,9 przypadków na 100 000 osób wśród dorosłych na całym świecie³⁴. W populacji dziecięcej zapadalność jest szacowana na 1,1-5,8 przypadków na 100 000 dzieci rocznie⁵. Według badań francuskich zapadalność na ITP wynosi około 2,9 przypadków na 100 000 osobolat⁶.

Chorobowość ITP różni się w zależności od regionu geograficznego i populacji. Chorobowość przewlekłej małopłytkowości immunologicznej (trwającej dłużej niż 12 miesięcy) szacuje się na około 9,5-11,2 przypadków na 100 000 osób w Stanach Zjednoczonych⁷. W badaniu przeprowadzonym w stanie Maryland chorobowość skorygowana względem wieku wynosiła 9,5 na 100 000 osób⁸.

W badaniu algierskim stwierdzono krajową zapadalność na ITP na poziomie 0,85 (95% CI, 0,75-0,96) na 100 000 mieszkańców, podczas gdy chorobowość wynosiła 5,65 (95% CI, 5,39-5,93) na 100 000 mieszkańców⁹. W badaniu hiszpańskim z 2023 roku chorobowość ITP oszacowano na 10,8 na 100 000 osób, a w przypadku przewlekłej ITP – 2,8 na 100 000 osób¹⁰.

Różnice płciowe i wiekowe

ITP charakteryzuje się wyraźnymi różnicami w występowaniu w zależności od płci i wieku. Ogólnie częstość występowania jest wyższa u kobiet (4,4 na 100 000 osobolat) niż u mężczyzn (3,4 na 100 000 osobolat)¹¹. Ta przewaga płci żeńskiej jest szczególnie widoczna w grupie wiekowej 30-40 lat, gdzie kobiety są dotknięte znacznie częściej niż mężczyźni¹². Jednakże w przypadku dzieci, ITP jest częstsza u chłopców niż u dziewcząt¹³. W wieku powyżej 60 lat różnice między płciami zmniejszają się, a zapadalność staje się podobna u mężczyzn i kobiet¹⁴.

W badaniu algierskim zapadalność na ITP była wyższa u kobiet (1,18 [1,02-1,37]/100 000 mieszkańców) w porównaniu z mężczyznami (0,54 [0,43-0,67]/100 000 mieszkańców). Podobnie chorobowość ITP była wyższa u kobiet (8,80 [8,33-9,29]/100 000 mieszkańców) niż u mężczyzn (2,58 [2,34-2,85]/100 000 mieszkańców)¹⁵.

W brazyllijskim badaniu przeprowadzonym w północno-wschodnim regionie kraju również zaobserwowano wyraźną przewagę kobiet (154/187; 82,35%) we wszystkich grupach wiekowych¹⁶.

Występowanie ITP wykazuje charakterystyczny rozkład wiekowy. U dzieci szczyt zachorowań przypada na wiek 1-6 lat¹⁷, z przewagą u dzieci w wieku 2-5 lat¹⁸. U dorosłych ITP może wystąpić w każdym wieku, ale najczęściej diagnozowana jest u osób w wieku 30-40 lat (zwłaszcza kobiet)¹⁹. Wystąpienie ITP u pacjentów powyżej 60 roku życia jest stosunkowo rzadkie i wymaga poszukiwania innych przyczyn małopłytkowości, takich jak zespoły mielodysplastyczne, ostra białaczka lub nacieki szpiku kostnego²⁰.

W badaniu algierskim zaobserwowano, że zapadalność na ITP była czterokrotnie wyższa w kohorcie osób w wieku 75 lat (2,37 [1,60-3,51]/100 000 mieszkańców) w porównaniu z kohortą w wieku 15-35 lat (0,54 [0,43-0,68]/100 000 mieszkańców)²¹.

Sezonowość występowania

Badania francuskie wykazały sezonowe wahania w występowaniu ITP, ze szczytem zachorowań w zimie i najniższą częstością występowania latem²². W przypadku dzieci z ITP zaobserwowano wahania sezonowe, przy czym częstość występowania choroby wzrasta wiosną i wczesnym latem, kiedy infekcje wirusowe są powszechne²³. Według innych badań, większość przypadków ITP jest zgłaszana w styczniu, a najmniej przypadków występuje latem we wszystkich grupach wiekowych, prawdopodobnie z powodu infekcji wirusowych²⁴.

Globalne dane epidemiologiczne

W 2020 roku całkowita liczba przypadków małopłytkowości w siedmiu głównych rynkach (7MM: USA, Niemcy, Francja, Włochy, Hiszpania, Wielka Brytania i Japonia) wynosiła 1 653 934, z oczekiwanym wzrostem w okresie 2018-2030 przy rocznym wskaźniku wzrostu (CAGR) wynoszącym 0,66%²⁵.

Stany Zjednoczone odnotowały najwyższą liczbę przypadków małopłytkowości wśród 7MM, z szacunkową liczbą 467 078 przypadków w 2020 roku. Liczbę przypadków przewlekłej małopłytkowości zakrzepowej w USA oszacowano na 6 002, a przypadków małopłytkowości immunologicznej (ITP) na 66 708²⁶.

Wśród krajów europejskich Niemcy miały najwyższą liczbę przypadków małopłytkowości w 2020 roku – 325 202 przypadki, następnie Wielka Brytania – 230 597 przypadków i Hiszpania – 182 796 przypadków. Włochy miały najniższą liczbę przypadków – 102 933 w 2020 roku²⁷.

Japonia zajmowała czwarte miejsce pod względem liczby przypadków małopłytkowości wśród 7MM, z szacowaną liczbą 219 017 przypadków w 2020 roku²⁸.

Według nowszych danych z 2021 roku, całkowita liczba przypadków małopłytkowości w krajach 7MM wynosiła 2 608 095 i przewiduje się, że będzie wzrastać. Stany Zjednoczone odpowiadały za 1 045 247 przypadków małopłytkowości w 2021 roku. Wśród krajów europejskich Niemcy miały najwyższą liczbę przypadków małopłytkowości w 2021 roku – 453 441, następnie Wielka Brytania – 269 422 przypadki. Włochy miały najniższą liczbę przypadków małopłytkowości – 127 166 w 2021 roku²⁹.

Czynniki ryzyka i populacje szczególnego ryzyka

Choć ITP może wystąpić u pacjentów w każdym wieku, istnieją pewne czynniki zwiększające ryzyko jej wystąpienia:

Płeć żeńska w wieku dorosłym (zwłaszcza 18-45 lat) – przypisywane działaniu estrogenów, które mogą sprzyjać autoimmunizacji³⁰
Wiek – szczyt występowania u dzieci w wieku 1-6 lat oraz u dorosłych powyżej 60 roku życia³¹
Przebyta infekcja wirusowa – często poprzedza ostre ITP u dzieci³²
Osoby rasy czarnej i nie-latynoskiego pochodzenia mają mniejsze prawdopodobieństwo zachorowania na ITP, co powinno skłaniać klinicystów do poszukiwania alternatywnej diagnozy lub wtórnej ITP u tych ras³³

Wtórna małopłytkowość immunologiczna

Wtórna małopłytkowość immunologiczna, związana z istnieniem choroby podstawowej, stanowi istotny odsetek przypadków ITP. W badaniu brazylijskim wtórna ITP stanowiła 9,6% z 187 przypadków u dorosłych. Liczba ta jest nieco wyższa niż w badaniu Schoonena i wsp. (8,7%), ale znacznie niższa niż częstość występowania zgłaszana przez Cinesa i wsp. (20%) i Moulisa i wsp. (18%)³⁴.

Częstość występowania wtórnej ITP wykazywała rozkład dwumodalny, z jednym szczytem u młodych dorosłych (18-27 lat) i jednym u osób starszych (68 lat), z liniowym wzrostem między 38 a 68 rokiem życia³⁵.

Według kilku badań opartych na populacji, zespół mielodysplastyczny (MDS) i wtórna ITP, takie jak małopłytkowości spowodowane układowymi chorobami autoimmunologicznymi, nowotworami, pierwotnymi niedoborami odporności lub ekspozycją na leki, stanowiły około 20% przypadków błędnych diagnoz³⁶.

Małopłytkowość w zespołach mielodysplastycznych

Szacowana częstość występowania małopłytkowości w zespołach mielodysplastycznych (MDS), definiowanej jako liczba płytek krwi poniżej 100 000/μL, waha się od 40% do 65%. Retrospektywny przegląd pacjentów skierowanych do MD Anderson Cancer Center zidentyfikował 1605 z 2410 (67%) pacjentów z małopłytkowością przy skierowaniu³⁷.

Częstość występowania małopłytkowości różni się w zależności od podtypów MDS według klasyfikacji francusko-amerykańsko-brytyjskiej (FAB), przy czym najwyższe wskaźniki obserwuje się u pacjentów z niedokrwistością opornymi na leczenie z nadmiarem blastów i niedokrwistością opornymi na leczenie z nadmiarem blastów w transformacji³⁸.

Zgodnie z oczekiwaniami, częstość występowania małopłytkowości i jej nasilenie wzrastały wraz z klasyfikacją ryzyka według Międzynarodowego Systemu Prognostycznego (IPSS). Spośród 896 pacjentów z MDS o pośrednim-2 lub wysokim ryzyku, 77% miało małopłytkowość (ciężką u 20%). Natomiast wśród 860 pacjentów z chorobą o niskim ryzyku lub ryzyku pośrednim-1, 51% miało małopłytkowość (ciężką u 12%)³⁹.

Małopłytkowość wywołana lekami

Małopłytkowość wywołana lekami (DIT) jest jedną z najczęstszych postaci małopłytkowości w warunkach ambulatoryjnych. Badanie epidemiologiczne z Europy i Stanów Zjednoczonych wykazało roczną zapadalność na poziomie 10 przypadków na 1 milion osób, ale liczby mogą być wyższe u osób starszych i hospitalizowanych pacjentów⁴⁰. Inne źródła podają, że zgłaszana częstość występowania małopłytkowości wywołanej lekami (DIT) wynosi 10 przypadków na 1 milion osób rocznie, ale liczba ta jest prawdopodobnie wyższa ze względu na niedostateczne zgłaszanie i niedodiagnozowanie⁴¹.

Małopłytkowość w ciąży

Małopłytkowość ciążowa jest najczęstszą diagnozą małopłytkowości w ciąży, występującą w 8% ciąż⁴². Ogólnie małopłytkowość rozwija się w 5% do 10% wszystkich ciąż⁴³. Zalecenia dotyczące wstępnej oceny małopłytkowości w ciąży obejmują pełną morfologię krwi i badanie rozmazu krwi obwodowej⁴⁴.

Powikłania i śmiertelność

Podstawową przyczyną długoterminowej chorobowości i śmiertelności u pacjentów z małopłytkowością immunologiczną (ITP) jest krwotok. Spontaniczny lub przypadkowy krwotok śródczaszkowy spowodowany urazem jest najczęstszą przyczyną śmierci związaną z ITP. Większość przypadków krwotoku śródczaszkowego występuje u pacjentów, u których liczba płytek krwi jest mniejsza niż 10 × 10⁹/L (10 × 10³/μL)⁴⁵.

Szacowana częstość występowania krwotoku śródczaszkowego u dorosłych z ITP wynosi 1,5%⁴⁶. Wskaźnik śmiertelności z powodu krwawienia wynosi około 1% u dzieci i 5% u dorosłych⁴⁷.

U pacjentów z ciężką małopłytkowością prognozowane 5-letnie wskaźniki śmiertelności z powodu krwawienia są znacznie wyższe u pacjentów w wieku powyżej 60 lat w porównaniu z pacjentami poniżej 40 roku życia (47,8% vs 2,2%)⁴⁸. Starszy wiek i wcześniejszy krwotok zwiększają ryzyko ciężkiego krwawienia u dorosłych z ITP⁴⁹.

Badanie populacyjne wykazało 1,3-2,2-krotny wzrost wskaźnika śmiertelności u dorosłych pacjentów z ITP w porównaniu z populacją ogólną z powodu epizodów krwawienia, infekcji i zdarzeń sercowo-naczyniowych⁵⁰.

Długoterminowa obserwacja wykazała, że ITP wiąże się również ze zwiększonym ryzykiem żylnej i tętniczej choroby zakrzepowo-zatorowej, nowotworów złośliwych układu krwiotwórczego i ogólnej śmiertelności w porównaniu z populacją ogólną⁵¹. Chociaż zgłaszana częstość występowania zakrzepicy była niespójna, większość badań wykazała nieznacznie zwiększone ryzyko choroby zakrzepowo-zatorowej u pacjentów z ITP⁵².

Dane z rejestru CARMEN-France wskazywały, że ekspozycja na antykoagulanty była głównym czynnikiem ryzyka ciężkiego krwawienia u bardzo starszych pacjentów z ITP w wieku ≥80 lat, i dlatego wymagają oni ściślejszego monitorowania⁵³.

Małopłytkowość jako powikłanie u pacjentów z guzami litymi

Wiedza na temat małopłytkowości wśród pacjentów z guzami litymi jest niewielka. Badanie przeprowadzone w populacji duńskiej wykazało, że jednoroczne ryzyko małopłytkowości wynosiło 23%, zwiększając się do 30% po 4 latach. Ryzyko to było wyższe u pacjentów otrzymujących chemioterapię (43% po 1 roku i 49% po 4 latach)⁵⁴.

Częstość występowania małopłytkowości w populacji pacjentów z guzami litymi leczonych chemioterapią wynosiła 10-13% w dwóch badaniach opartych na dużych zbiorach danych z elektronicznej dokumentacji medycznej i roszczeń w Stanach Zjednoczonych. W innym badaniu dorosłych pacjentów z guzami litymi otrzymujących chemioterapię 3-miesięczne ryzyko małopłytkowości wynosiło 13%⁵⁵.

Ogólnie rzecz biorąc, pacjenci z małopłytkowością mieli wyższe 30-dniowe wskaźniki krwawienia (HR=1,72 [95% przedział ufności, CI: 1,41-2,11]). Małopłytkowość była również związana ze zwiększonym wskaźnikiem transfuzji i śmierci⁵⁶.

Wyzwania diagnostyczne i nadzór

Małopłytkowość immunologiczna (ITP) jest jedną z częstszych przyczyn małopłytkowości u pozornie zdrowych dorosłych. Brak czułego lub specyficznego testu diagnostycznego dla ITP oraz duża liczba innych potencjalnych przyczyn małopłytkowości, niektóre z nich mogą być przeoczone (np. małopłytkowość wywołana lekami, małopłytkowość dziedziczna), przyczyniają się do trudności w diagnostyce ITP⁵⁷.

Międzynarodowa Grupa Robocza (IWG) ds. ITP oraz Amerykańskie Towarzystwo Hematologiczne (ASH) zaktualizowały swoje wytyczne dotyczące diagnostyki i leczenia ITP w 2019 roku⁵⁸. Chińskie wytyczne dotyczące ITP wymieniają również specjalistyczne badania laboratoryjne, które obejmują wykrywanie autoprzeciwciał anty-GP za pomocą testu MAIPA (Monoclonal Antibody-specific Immobilization of Platelet Antigen) lub macierzy immunoperełkowej cytometrycznej, poziomów trombopoetyny w surowicy, zakażenia Helicobacter pylori, bezpośredniego testu antyglobulinowego (DAT) oraz ilościowego oznaczenia parwowirusa, wirusa Epsteina-Barr i cytomegalowirusa⁵⁹.

Ciągły nadzór nad małopłytkowością w populacjach ludzkich i zwierzęcych jest niezbędny do monitorowania jej częstości występowania, dystrybucji i potencjału do pojawiania się nowych form. Kompleksowy nadzór, szczególnie z regionów o intensywnej działalności rolniczej lub rolnej, gdzie siedliska te mogą służyć jako punkty transmisji zoogeograficznej i ogniska choroby, jest niezbędny do kierowania skutecznymi strategiami zapobiegania i kontroli⁶⁰.

Wnioski i perspektywy

Epidemiologia małopłytkowości, a w szczególności małopłytkowości immunologicznej (ITP), jest zróżnicowana w zależności od wieku, płci, regionu geograficznego i etiologii. ITP występuje częściej u kobiet w średnim wieku, podczas gdy u dzieci i osób starszych różnice między płciami są mniej wyraźne. Globalne badania wykazują pewne podobieństwa w epidemiologii ITP, ale również istotne różnice, które mogą być związane z czynnikami genetycznymi, etnicznymi i środowiskowymi⁶¹.

Lepsze zrozumienie epidemiologii małopłytkowości ma kluczowe znaczenie dla rozwoju polityki zdrowia publicznego, modelowania kosztów opieki zdrowotnej i aktualizacji programów nauczania w edukacji zdrowotnej⁶². Przyszłe badania powinny zawierać jasno zdefiniowaną definicję ITP i koncentrować się na dobrze opisanych populacjach źródłowych, które są zróżnicowane geograficznie i etnicznie⁶³.

Ze względu na zwiększone ryzyko powikłań krwotocznych i zakrzepowych u pacjentów z małopłytkowością, a zwłaszcza u osób starszych, konieczne jest ścisłe monitorowanie tych pacjentów oraz opracowanie skutecznych strategii profilaktyki i leczenia⁶⁴.

Kolejne rozdziały

Zapraszamy do dalszego czytania naszego leksykonu.

Wybierz kolejny rozdział z menu poniżej, aby otworzyć nową podstronę kompedium wiedzy i uzyskać szczegółowe informację o leku, substancji lub chorobie.

Materiały źródłowe

#1 Thrombocytopenia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542208/
Normal platelet count range varies by different ages, sexes, and ethnicity. Women, young individuals, and non-Hispanic blacks have slightly higher platelet counts.
#2 Thrombocytopenia: Evaluation and Management | AAFP
https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2022/0900/thrombocytopenia.html
Thrombocytopenia is a platelet count of less than 150 103 per L and can occur from decreased platelet production, increased destruction, splenic sequestration, or dilution or clumping. […] Normal platelet counts range from 150 to 450 103 per L; however, some laboratories may specify a slightly different range. Males, older adults, and White populations tend to have lower platelet counts. Modifying normal platelet count ranges based on age, sex, and ethnicity has been proposed, but no consensus has been established. […] The reported incidence of drug-induced thrombocytopenia (DIT) is 10 cases per 1 million people per year, but the number is presumed to be higher because of underreporting and underdiagnosis. […] Thrombocytopenia develops in 5% to 10% of all pregnancies. Unique medical conditions specific to pregnancy must be considered.
#3 Immune Thrombocytopenia epidemiology and demographics – wikidoc
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Immune_Thrombocytopenia_epidemiology_and_demographics
The incidence of Immune thrombocytopenia is approximately 1.6- 3.9 per 100,000 adult individuals worldwide and 1.1- 5.8 per 100,000 individuals among children. The overall incidence rate was higher in women (4.4 per 100,000 person year) than men ( 3.4 per 100,000 person year). Women are more commonly affected by Immune thrombocytopenia than men. […] In year 2014, the incidence of Immune thrombocytopenia among French people is approximately 2.9/ 100,000 person years with higher incidence among women. The incidence has bimodal distribution with first peak among male children among 1-5 years and men over 75 years of age. However the distribution for women is constant. […] The prevalence of chronic immune thrombocytopenia ( lasting longer than 12 months) is approximately 9.5-11.2 per 100,000 individuals in the United States.
#4 Epidemiology and Clinical Manifestations of Immune Thrombocytopenia – PubMed
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30868551/
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) occurs with an incidence rate of 1.6 to 3.9 per 100,000 patient-years, which increases with age and has a slight female preponderance. […] Over long-term follow-up, ITP is also associated with an increased risk of venous and arterial thromboembolism, haematologic malignancy and overall mortality than the general population.
#5 Immune Thrombocytopenia epidemiology and demographics – wikidoc
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Immune_Thrombocytopenia_epidemiology_and_demographics
The incidence of Immune thrombocytopenia is approximately 1.6- 3.9 per 100,000 adult individuals worldwide and 1.1- 5.8 per 100,000 individuals among children. The overall incidence rate was higher in women (4.4 per 100,000 person year) than men ( 3.4 per 100,000 person year). Women are more commonly affected by Immune thrombocytopenia than men. […] In year 2014, the incidence of Immune thrombocytopenia among French people is approximately 2.9/ 100,000 person years with higher incidence among women. The incidence has bimodal distribution with first peak among male children among 1-5 years and men over 75 years of age. However the distribution for women is constant. […] The prevalence of chronic immune thrombocytopenia ( lasting longer than 12 months) is approximately 9.5-11.2 per 100,000 individuals in the United States.
#6 Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/779545-overview
The annual incidence of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is estimated to be five cases per 100,000 children and two cases per 100,000 adults, but those data are not from large population-based studies. […] Most cases of acute ITP, particularly in children, are mild and self-limited and may not receive medical attention. Therefore, estimated incidences of ITP are difficult to determine and are likely to understate the full extent of the disease. The age-adjusted prevalence of ITP in Maryland was reported as 9.5 per 100,000 persons by Segal and Powe. […] A French study reported an incidence of ITP of 2.9 cases per 100,000 person-years, with peaks in children and in those older than 60 years of age and a higher frequency of ITP in males in these subgroups. ITP showed seasonal variation, with a peak in winter and a nadir in summer.
#7 Immune Thrombocytopenia epidemiology and demographics – wikidoc
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Immune_Thrombocytopenia_epidemiology_and_demographics
The incidence of Immune thrombocytopenia is approximately 1.6- 3.9 per 100,000 adult individuals worldwide and 1.1- 5.8 per 100,000 individuals among children. The overall incidence rate was higher in women (4.4 per 100,000 person year) than men ( 3.4 per 100,000 person year). Women are more commonly affected by Immune thrombocytopenia than men. […] In year 2014, the incidence of Immune thrombocytopenia among French people is approximately 2.9/ 100,000 person years with higher incidence among women. The incidence has bimodal distribution with first peak among male children among 1-5 years and men over 75 years of age. However the distribution for women is constant. […] The prevalence of chronic immune thrombocytopenia ( lasting longer than 12 months) is approximately 9.5-11.2 per 100,000 individuals in the United States.
#8 Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/779545-overview
The annual incidence of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is estimated to be five cases per 100,000 children and two cases per 100,000 adults, but those data are not from large population-based studies. […] Most cases of acute ITP, particularly in children, are mild and self-limited and may not receive medical attention. Therefore, estimated incidences of ITP are difficult to determine and are likely to understate the full extent of the disease. The age-adjusted prevalence of ITP in Maryland was reported as 9.5 per 100,000 persons by Segal and Powe. […] A French study reported an incidence of ITP of 2.9 cases per 100,000 person-years, with peaks in children and in those older than 60 years of age and a higher frequency of ITP in males in these subgroups. ITP showed seasonal variation, with a peak in winter and a nadir in summer.
#9
http://waocp.com/journal/index.php/apjcb/article/view/1290
Globally, immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) affects more women than men with a higher incidence in older patients. […] The national incidence was 0.85 (0.75-0.96) and prevalence was 5.65 (5.39-5.93) per 100,000 population. […] The incidence of ITP in women (1.18 [1.02-1.37]/100,000 population) was higher versus men (0.54 [0.43-0.67]/100,000 population). […] The incidence of ITP was four times higher in the 75 years cohort (2.37 [1.60-3.51]/100,000 population) versus that observed in the 15-35 years age cohort (0.54 [0.43-0.68]/100,000 population). […] The overall incidence rate of ITP in Algeria was low. However, the incidence trends are similar to those reported globally, with high incidence reported in women and older patients. […] The national incidence of ITP was 0.85 (95% CI, 0.75-0.96)/100,000 population, while the prevalence was 5.65 (95% CI, 5.39-5.93)/100,000 population.
#10 Thieme E-Journals – TH Open / Abstract
https://www.thieme-connect.com/products/ejournals/abstract/10.1055/a-2336-1062
BackgroundImmune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is characterised by low platelet counts and often leads to bleeding, fatigue, and reduced health-related quality of life. […] Epidemiology, baseline/clinical characteristics, treatment trends, healthcare resources and costs were analysed. […] ITP prevalence and annual incidence per 100,000 were estimated in 10.8 (2.8 in chronic ITP [cITP] patients) and 1.5 (0.3 in cITP patients), respectively. […] This is the first study to provide an overall perspective on the situation of the Spanish ITP population in terms of epidemiology, treatment trends, health care resources and costs, highlighting unmet patient needs, and direct and indirect costs/resource use between 2014 and 2020.
#11 Immune Thrombocytopenia epidemiology and demographics – wikidoc
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Immune_Thrombocytopenia_epidemiology_and_demographics
The incidence of Immune thrombocytopenia is approximately 1.6- 3.9 per 100,000 adult individuals worldwide and 1.1- 5.8 per 100,000 individuals among children. The overall incidence rate was higher in women (4.4 per 100,000 person year) than men ( 3.4 per 100,000 person year). Women are more commonly affected by Immune thrombocytopenia than men. […] In year 2014, the incidence of Immune thrombocytopenia among French people is approximately 2.9/ 100,000 person years with higher incidence among women. The incidence has bimodal distribution with first peak among male children among 1-5 years and men over 75 years of age. However the distribution for women is constant. […] The prevalence of chronic immune thrombocytopenia ( lasting longer than 12 months) is approximately 9.5-11.2 per 100,000 individuals in the United States.
#12 Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/779545-overview
The primary cause of long-term morbidity and mortality in patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is hemorrhage. […] Spontaneous or accidental trauma-induced intracranial hemorrhage is the most frequent cause of death in association with ITP. […] Most cases of intracranial hemorrhage occur in patients whose platelet counts are less than 10 109/L (10 103/L). […] The estimated frequency of intracranial hemorrhage in adults with ITP is 1.5%. […] In children, ITP is more common in boys than in girls. […] In middle-aged adults, women are affected more frequently than men. […] Children may develop ITP at any age, but the incidence peaks in children aged 1-6 years. […] Adults may be affected at any age, but most cases are diagnosed in women aged 30-40 years. […] Onset in a patient older than 60 years is uncommon, and a search for other causes of thrombocytopenia is warranted. […] The most likely causes in these persons are myelodysplastic syndromes, acute leukemia, and marrow infiltration (myelophthisis). […] Persons with ITP who are 70 years or older are at increased risk for spontaneous bleeding and treatment-related adverse events.
#13 Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/779545-overview
The primary cause of long-term morbidity and mortality in patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is hemorrhage. […] Spontaneous or accidental trauma-induced intracranial hemorrhage is the most frequent cause of death in association with ITP. […] Most cases of intracranial hemorrhage occur in patients whose platelet counts are less than 10 109/L (10 103/L). […] The estimated frequency of intracranial hemorrhage in adults with ITP is 1.5%. […] In children, ITP is more common in boys than in girls. […] In middle-aged adults, women are affected more frequently than men. […] Children may develop ITP at any age, but the incidence peaks in children aged 1-6 years. […] Adults may be affected at any age, but most cases are diagnosed in women aged 30-40 years. […] Onset in a patient older than 60 years is uncommon, and a search for other causes of thrombocytopenia is warranted. […] The most likely causes in these persons are myelodysplastic syndromes, acute leukemia, and marrow infiltration (myelophthisis). […] Persons with ITP who are 70 years or older are at increased risk for spontaneous bleeding and treatment-related adverse events.
#14 Immune Thrombocytopenia | Treatment & Management | Point of Care
https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/23385
However, aging-related immune decline, comorbidities, and drugs are thought to contribute to the condition’s development in adults. […] Approximately 25% of children in the United States develop persistent or chronic ITP, where thrombocytopenia-associated bleeding can be life-threatening. […] Seasonal fluctuations have been noted among children with ITP, with the conditions incidence rising in the spring and early summer when viral infections are common. […] ITP’s annual incidence in adults is estimated to be 1 to 6 cases per 100,000 people. […] However, the condition is more of a chronic disease in adults, so the prevalence is approximately 12 per 100,000 cases. […] Peak incidence in adults occurs around 60 years old. […] However, incidence increases with age. […] ITP’s incidence beyond age 60 is nearly similar between male and female adults.
#15
http://waocp.com/journal/index.php/apjcb/article/view/1290
The incidence of ITP also varied according to the clinical status at the time of diagnosis and on the sex of the patient, being higher in women (1.2 [95% CI, 1.02-1.37]/100,000 population) than in men (0.54 [95% CI, 0.43-0.67]/100,000 population). […] Similarly, the prevalence of ITP was higher in women (8.80 [95% CI, 8.33-9.29]/100,000 population) than in men (2.58 [95% CI, 2.34-2.85]/100,000 population).
#16 Epidemiology of immune thrombocytopenia: study of adult patients at a referral hematology service in Northeastern Brazil | Hematology, Transfusion and Cell Therapy
https://www.htct.com.br/en-epidemiology-immune-thrombocytopenia-study-adult-avance-S2531137923025853
The predominance of females observed in this study (154/187; 82.35 %) in all age brackets was expected with similar findings being reported by studies on ITP incidence in a range of other countries. […] In this study, secondary ITP accounted for 9.6 % of the 187 adult cases. This figure is slightly higher than that of Schoonen et al. (8.7 %), but considerably lower than the incidences reported by Cines et al. (20 %) and Moulis et al. (18 %). […] The age and gender distribution in this study was similar to that of the French population studied by Grimaldi-Bensouda et al. but different from that reported for Scandinavian, UK, US and Asian populations, suggesting the importance of geographical and ethnic factors. The finding of 56.8 % of European ancestry in the genetic pool of the population of Cear, and the historical connection with immigrants from southern Europe, possibly overlapping with France, is not without relevance.
#17 Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/779545-overview
The primary cause of long-term morbidity and mortality in patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is hemorrhage. […] Spontaneous or accidental trauma-induced intracranial hemorrhage is the most frequent cause of death in association with ITP. […] Most cases of intracranial hemorrhage occur in patients whose platelet counts are less than 10 109/L (10 103/L). […] The estimated frequency of intracranial hemorrhage in adults with ITP is 1.5%. […] In children, ITP is more common in boys than in girls. […] In middle-aged adults, women are affected more frequently than men. […] Children may develop ITP at any age, but the incidence peaks in children aged 1-6 years. […] Adults may be affected at any age, but most cases are diagnosed in women aged 30-40 years. […] Onset in a patient older than 60 years is uncommon, and a search for other causes of thrombocytopenia is warranted. […] The most likely causes in these persons are myelodysplastic syndromes, acute leukemia, and marrow infiltration (myelophthisis). […] Persons with ITP who are 70 years or older are at increased risk for spontaneous bleeding and treatment-related adverse events.
#18 Immune Thrombocytopenia | Treatment & Management | Point of Care
https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/23385
The annual incidence of pediatric ITP is estimated to be between 1 and 6.4 cases per 100,000 people. […] Pediatric ITP can present at any age, but peak incidences occur at ages 2 to 5 and adolescence. […] The condition is more common among male than female children from infancy to childhood. […] The opposite is true among adolescents and young adults (ie, 18 to 45 years). […] Predominance among women in these age groups is attributed to estrogens effects, which can promote autoimmunity. […] ITP may be acute or chronic. […] The acute form is more frequent in childhood, often prefaced by a viral infection. […] Most children have a self-limiting course, typically spontaneously recovering within 3 months. […] The chronic form more often affects adults, and the inciting factor is usually unclear.
#19 Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/779545-overview
The primary cause of long-term morbidity and mortality in patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is hemorrhage. […] Spontaneous or accidental trauma-induced intracranial hemorrhage is the most frequent cause of death in association with ITP. […] Most cases of intracranial hemorrhage occur in patients whose platelet counts are less than 10 109/L (10 103/L). […] The estimated frequency of intracranial hemorrhage in adults with ITP is 1.5%. […] In children, ITP is more common in boys than in girls. […] In middle-aged adults, women are affected more frequently than men. […] Children may develop ITP at any age, but the incidence peaks in children aged 1-6 years. […] Adults may be affected at any age, but most cases are diagnosed in women aged 30-40 years. […] Onset in a patient older than 60 years is uncommon, and a search for other causes of thrombocytopenia is warranted. […] The most likely causes in these persons are myelodysplastic syndromes, acute leukemia, and marrow infiltration (myelophthisis). […] Persons with ITP who are 70 years or older are at increased risk for spontaneous bleeding and treatment-related adverse events.
#20 Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/779545-overview
The primary cause of long-term morbidity and mortality in patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is hemorrhage. […] Spontaneous or accidental trauma-induced intracranial hemorrhage is the most frequent cause of death in association with ITP. […] Most cases of intracranial hemorrhage occur in patients whose platelet counts are less than 10 109/L (10 103/L). […] The estimated frequency of intracranial hemorrhage in adults with ITP is 1.5%. […] In children, ITP is more common in boys than in girls. […] In middle-aged adults, women are affected more frequently than men. […] Children may develop ITP at any age, but the incidence peaks in children aged 1-6 years. […] Adults may be affected at any age, but most cases are diagnosed in women aged 30-40 years. […] Onset in a patient older than 60 years is uncommon, and a search for other causes of thrombocytopenia is warranted. […] The most likely causes in these persons are myelodysplastic syndromes, acute leukemia, and marrow infiltration (myelophthisis). […] Persons with ITP who are 70 years or older are at increased risk for spontaneous bleeding and treatment-related adverse events.
#21
http://waocp.com/journal/index.php/apjcb/article/view/1290
Globally, immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) affects more women than men with a higher incidence in older patients. […] The national incidence was 0.85 (0.75-0.96) and prevalence was 5.65 (5.39-5.93) per 100,000 population. […] The incidence of ITP in women (1.18 [1.02-1.37]/100,000 population) was higher versus men (0.54 [0.43-0.67]/100,000 population). […] The incidence of ITP was four times higher in the 75 years cohort (2.37 [1.60-3.51]/100,000 population) versus that observed in the 15-35 years age cohort (0.54 [0.43-0.68]/100,000 population). […] The overall incidence rate of ITP in Algeria was low. However, the incidence trends are similar to those reported globally, with high incidence reported in women and older patients. […] The national incidence of ITP was 0.85 (95% CI, 0.75-0.96)/100,000 population, while the prevalence was 5.65 (95% CI, 5.39-5.93)/100,000 population.
#22 Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/779545-overview
The annual incidence of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is estimated to be five cases per 100,000 children and two cases per 100,000 adults, but those data are not from large population-based studies. […] Most cases of acute ITP, particularly in children, are mild and self-limited and may not receive medical attention. Therefore, estimated incidences of ITP are difficult to determine and are likely to understate the full extent of the disease. The age-adjusted prevalence of ITP in Maryland was reported as 9.5 per 100,000 persons by Segal and Powe. […] A French study reported an incidence of ITP of 2.9 cases per 100,000 person-years, with peaks in children and in those older than 60 years of age and a higher frequency of ITP in males in these subgroups. ITP showed seasonal variation, with a peak in winter and a nadir in summer.
#23 Immune Thrombocytopenia | Treatment & Management | Point of Care
https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/23385
However, aging-related immune decline, comorbidities, and drugs are thought to contribute to the condition’s development in adults. […] Approximately 25% of children in the United States develop persistent or chronic ITP, where thrombocytopenia-associated bleeding can be life-threatening. […] Seasonal fluctuations have been noted among children with ITP, with the conditions incidence rising in the spring and early summer when viral infections are common. […] ITP’s annual incidence in adults is estimated to be 1 to 6 cases per 100,000 people. […] However, the condition is more of a chronic disease in adults, so the prevalence is approximately 12 per 100,000 cases. […] Peak incidence in adults occurs around 60 years old. […] However, incidence increases with age. […] ITP’s incidence beyond age 60 is nearly similar between male and female adults.
#24 Immune Thrombocytopenia epidemiology and demographics – wikidoc
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Immune_Thrombocytopenia_epidemiology_and_demographics
Patients of all age groups may develop Immune thrombocytopenia. […] The Prevalence of chronic Immune thrombocytopenia increases with age; the childhood ITP remits spontaneously. […] Immune thrombocytopenia commonly affects individuals younger than 5 years of age. […] Black and non-hispanic individuals are less likely to develop ITP, thereafter, the providers should suspect alternative diagnosis or secondary ITP in these races. […] Women are more commonly affected by Immune thrombocytopenia than men. […] The majority of Immune thrombocytopenia cases are reported in January and the minority in summer in all age group probably due to viral infection.
#25 Global Thrombocytopenia Epidemiology Forecast Report 2018-2030 – ResearchAndMarkets.com
https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20210223005650/en/Global-Thrombocytopenia-Epidemiology-Forecast-Report-2018-2030—ResearchAndMarkets.com
As per the analysis, the total number of cases of Thrombocytopenia in the 7MM was 1,653,934 in 2020. These cases of Thrombocytopenia in the 7MM are expected to increase throughout the study period i.e. 2018-2030, with CAGR of 0.66% for the study period 2018-2030. […] As per the analysis, the United States accounted for the highest number of Thrombocytopenia cases among the 7MM. The total number of Thrombocytopenia cases in the US was estimated to be 467,078 in 2020. […] In 2020, the prevalent population of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia in the United States was 6,002 which are expected to rise with the CAGR of 0.79% for the study period 2018-2030. […] In 2020, there were 66,708 prevalent cases of Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) in the United States. […] Germany ranked second-highest for Thrombocytopenia cases among 7MM. In 2020, Germany had 325,202 Thrombocytopenia cases.
#26 Global Thrombocytopenia Epidemiology Forecast Report 2018-2030 – ResearchAndMarkets.com
https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20210223005650/en/Global-Thrombocytopenia-Epidemiology-Forecast-Report-2018-2030—ResearchAndMarkets.com
As per the analysis, the total number of cases of Thrombocytopenia in the 7MM was 1,653,934 in 2020. These cases of Thrombocytopenia in the 7MM are expected to increase throughout the study period i.e. 2018-2030, with CAGR of 0.66% for the study period 2018-2030. […] As per the analysis, the United States accounted for the highest number of Thrombocytopenia cases among the 7MM. The total number of Thrombocytopenia cases in the US was estimated to be 467,078 in 2020. […] In 2020, the prevalent population of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia in the United States was 6,002 which are expected to rise with the CAGR of 0.79% for the study period 2018-2030. […] In 2020, there were 66,708 prevalent cases of Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) in the United States. […] Germany ranked second-highest for Thrombocytopenia cases among 7MM. In 2020, Germany had 325,202 Thrombocytopenia cases.
#27 Global Thrombocytopenia Epidemiology Forecast Report 2018-2030 – ResearchAndMarkets.com
https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20210223005650/en/Global-Thrombocytopenia-Epidemiology-Forecast-Report-2018-2030—ResearchAndMarkets.com
Among the European 5 countries, Germany had the highest cases of Thrombocytopenia with 325,202 cases, followed by the United Kingdom and Spain, with 230,597 cases and 182,796 cases, respectively. On the other hand, Italy had the lowest cases, i.e., 102,933 in 2020. […] As per the analysis, Japan accounted for the fourth-highest number of Thrombocytopenia cases among the 7MM. The total number of Thrombocytopenia cases in Japan was estimated to be 219,017 in 2020. […] The report provides insight into the 7MM historical and forecasted patient pool covering the United States, EU5 countries (Germany, France, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom), and Japan. […] The report assesses the disease risk and burden. […] The report provides the segmentation of the disease epidemiology for 7MM by Prevalent Cases of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP), Prevalent Cases of Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP), Prevalent Cases of Thrombocytopenia in Chronic Liver Disease, Incident Cases of Chemotherapy-induced Thrombocytopenia, Number of Cases of Heparin-induced Thrombocytopenia, and Total Cases of Thrombocytopenia.
#28 Global Thrombocytopenia Epidemiology Forecast Report 2018-2030 – ResearchAndMarkets.com
https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20210223005650/en/Global-Thrombocytopenia-Epidemiology-Forecast-Report-2018-2030—ResearchAndMarkets.com
Among the European 5 countries, Germany had the highest cases of Thrombocytopenia with 325,202 cases, followed by the United Kingdom and Spain, with 230,597 cases and 182,796 cases, respectively. On the other hand, Italy had the lowest cases, i.e., 102,933 in 2020. […] As per the analysis, Japan accounted for the fourth-highest number of Thrombocytopenia cases among the 7MM. The total number of Thrombocytopenia cases in Japan was estimated to be 219,017 in 2020. […] The report provides insight into the 7MM historical and forecasted patient pool covering the United States, EU5 countries (Germany, France, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom), and Japan. […] The report assesses the disease risk and burden. […] The report provides the segmentation of the disease epidemiology for 7MM by Prevalent Cases of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP), Prevalent Cases of Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP), Prevalent Cases of Thrombocytopenia in Chronic Liver Disease, Incident Cases of Chemotherapy-induced Thrombocytopenia, Number of Cases of Heparin-induced Thrombocytopenia, and Total Cases of Thrombocytopenia.
#29 Thrombocytopenia – Market Insight, Epidemiology And Market Forecast – 2032
https://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/4564659/thrombocytopenia-market-insight-epidemiology?srsltid=AfmBOop0GjGEmNPeG1bPQiLwMeSfqz-YZn4lSZUx7WCJJqDTHqB8Lg8d
The epidemiology covered in the report provides historical as well as forecasted epidemiology segmented by Total Cases of Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP), Total Cases of Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP), Total Cases of Thrombocytopenia in Chronic Liver Disease, Total Cases of Chemotherapy-induced Thrombocytopenia, Total Number of Cases of Heparin-induced Thrombocytopenia, and Total Cases of Thrombocytopenia scenario in the 7MM covering the United States, the EU-5 countries (Germany, France, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom), and Japan from 2019 to 2032. […] In 2021, the total cases of Thrombocytopenia in the 7MM countries were 2,608,095, and these cases are anticipated to increase during the study period. The US accounted for 1,045,247 cases of Thrombocytopenia in 2021. […] Among the European countries, Germany had the highest number of cases of Thrombocytopenia in 2021, i.e., 453,441 cases, followed by the UK which had 269,422 cases in 2021. On the other hand, Italy had the lowest number of cases of Thrombocytopenia, i.e. 127,166 cases in 2021.
#30 Immune Thrombocytopenia | Treatment & Management | Point of Care
https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/23385
The annual incidence of pediatric ITP is estimated to be between 1 and 6.4 cases per 100,000 people. […] Pediatric ITP can present at any age, but peak incidences occur at ages 2 to 5 and adolescence. […] The condition is more common among male than female children from infancy to childhood. […] The opposite is true among adolescents and young adults (ie, 18 to 45 years). […] Predominance among women in these age groups is attributed to estrogens effects, which can promote autoimmunity. […] ITP may be acute or chronic. […] The acute form is more frequent in childhood, often prefaced by a viral infection. […] Most children have a self-limiting course, typically spontaneously recovering within 3 months. […] The chronic form more often affects adults, and the inciting factor is usually unclear.
#31 Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/779545-overview
The primary cause of long-term morbidity and mortality in patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is hemorrhage. […] Spontaneous or accidental trauma-induced intracranial hemorrhage is the most frequent cause of death in association with ITP. […] Most cases of intracranial hemorrhage occur in patients whose platelet counts are less than 10 109/L (10 103/L). […] The estimated frequency of intracranial hemorrhage in adults with ITP is 1.5%. […] In children, ITP is more common in boys than in girls. […] In middle-aged adults, women are affected more frequently than men. […] Children may develop ITP at any age, but the incidence peaks in children aged 1-6 years. […] Adults may be affected at any age, but most cases are diagnosed in women aged 30-40 years. […] Onset in a patient older than 60 years is uncommon, and a search for other causes of thrombocytopenia is warranted. […] The most likely causes in these persons are myelodysplastic syndromes, acute leukemia, and marrow infiltration (myelophthisis). […] Persons with ITP who are 70 years or older are at increased risk for spontaneous bleeding and treatment-related adverse events.
#32 Immune Thrombocytopenia | Treatment & Management | Point of Care
https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/23385
The annual incidence of pediatric ITP is estimated to be between 1 and 6.4 cases per 100,000 people. […] Pediatric ITP can present at any age, but peak incidences occur at ages 2 to 5 and adolescence. […] The condition is more common among male than female children from infancy to childhood. […] The opposite is true among adolescents and young adults (ie, 18 to 45 years). […] Predominance among women in these age groups is attributed to estrogens effects, which can promote autoimmunity. […] ITP may be acute or chronic. […] The acute form is more frequent in childhood, often prefaced by a viral infection. […] Most children have a self-limiting course, typically spontaneously recovering within 3 months. […] The chronic form more often affects adults, and the inciting factor is usually unclear.
#33 Immune Thrombocytopenia epidemiology and demographics – wikidoc
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Immune_Thrombocytopenia_epidemiology_and_demographics
Patients of all age groups may develop Immune thrombocytopenia. […] The Prevalence of chronic Immune thrombocytopenia increases with age; the childhood ITP remits spontaneously. […] Immune thrombocytopenia commonly affects individuals younger than 5 years of age. […] Black and non-hispanic individuals are less likely to develop ITP, thereafter, the providers should suspect alternative diagnosis or secondary ITP in these races. […] Women are more commonly affected by Immune thrombocytopenia than men. […] The majority of Immune thrombocytopenia cases are reported in January and the minority in summer in all age group probably due to viral infection.
#34 Epidemiology of immune thrombocytopenia: study of adult patients at a referral hematology service in Northeastern Brazil | Hematology, Transfusion and Cell Therapy
https://www.htct.com.br/en-epidemiology-immune-thrombocytopenia-study-adult-avance-S2531137923025853
The predominance of females observed in this study (154/187; 82.35 %) in all age brackets was expected with similar findings being reported by studies on ITP incidence in a range of other countries. […] In this study, secondary ITP accounted for 9.6 % of the 187 adult cases. This figure is slightly higher than that of Schoonen et al. (8.7 %), but considerably lower than the incidences reported by Cines et al. (20 %) and Moulis et al. (18 %). […] The age and gender distribution in this study was similar to that of the French population studied by Grimaldi-Bensouda et al. but different from that reported for Scandinavian, UK, US and Asian populations, suggesting the importance of geographical and ethnic factors. The finding of 56.8 % of European ancestry in the genetic pool of the population of Cear, and the historical connection with immigrants from southern Europe, possibly overlapping with France, is not without relevance.
#35 SciELO Brazil – Epidemiology of immune thrombocytopenia: study of adult patients at a referral hematology service in Northeastern Brazil Epidemiology of immune thrombocytopenia: study of adult patients at a referral hematology service in Northeastern Bra
https://www.scielo.br/j/htct/a/jyvVdsc8Zttd4kPdkmcQ3yn/?lang=en
In this study, secondary ITP accounted for 9.6 % of the 187 adult cases. […] The frequency distribution of secondary ITP displayed two peaks, one for young adults (18-27 years) and one for seniors (68 years). […] The predominance of females observed in this study (154/187; 82.35 %) in all age brackets was expected with similar findings being reported by studies on ITP incidence in a range of other countries. […] This study of the epidemiology of ITP in Brazil is intended as a contribution to public health policy development, health care cost modeling and the updating of curricula used in health education. Based on a sample of 187 adult patients, the demographic profile drawn in this study shares similarities with profiles from other countries, especially France, with regard to the prevalence of the female sex and age distribution. These similarities between the profiles of Cear and France may be related to genetic inheritance. Secondary ITP displayed a bimodal distribution and a linear increase between 38 and 68 years of age.
#36 How we treat primary immune thrombocytopenia in adults | Journal of Hematology & Oncology | Full Text
https://jhoonline.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13045-023-01401-z
According to several population-based studies, myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and secondary ITP, such as thrombocytopenias due to systemic autoimmune diseases, malignancies, primary immune deficiency, or drug exposure, accounted for approximately 20% of the misdiagnosis. […] The Chinese ITP guidelines also list specialized laboratory assays that include the detection of anti-GP autoantibodies by monoclonal antibody-specific immobilization of platelet antigen (MAIPA) or flow cytometric immunobead array, serum thrombopoietin levels, Helicobacter pylori infection, direct antiglobulin test (DAT), and the quantification of parvovirus, EpsteinâBarr virus, and cytomegalovirus deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). […] According to the disease duration, ITP can be divided into newly diagnosed (â¤3 months), persistent (3â12 months), and chronic (>12 months) phases. Adult patients are more likely to develop chronic disease than children.
#37 Thrombocytopenia & MDS: Epidemiology and Clinical Management
https://www.medscape.org/viewarticle/565023
The estimated prevalence of thrombocytopenia in MDS, defined as a platelet count of 100,000/mcL, ranges from 40% to 65%.[6] […] A retrospective review of patients referred to the MD Anderson Cancer Center identified 1605 of 2410 (67%) patients with thrombocytopenia at referral. […] It has also been found that the incidence of thrombocytopenia varies with MDS subtypes of the French-American-British (FAB) classification, with the highest rates being seen in patients with refractory anemia with excess blasts and refractory anemia with excess blasts in transformation. […] As expected, the incidence of thrombocytopenia and its severity increased with the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) risk classification. […] Of the 896 patients with intermediate-2 or high-risk MDS, 77% had thrombocytopenia (severe in 20%).
#38 Thrombocytopenia & MDS: Epidemiology and Clinical Management
https://www.medscape.org/viewarticle/565023
The estimated prevalence of thrombocytopenia in MDS, defined as a platelet count of 100,000/mcL, ranges from 40% to 65%.[6] […] A retrospective review of patients referred to the MD Anderson Cancer Center identified 1605 of 2410 (67%) patients with thrombocytopenia at referral. […] It has also been found that the incidence of thrombocytopenia varies with MDS subtypes of the French-American-British (FAB) classification, with the highest rates being seen in patients with refractory anemia with excess blasts and refractory anemia with excess blasts in transformation. […] As expected, the incidence of thrombocytopenia and its severity increased with the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) risk classification. […] Of the 896 patients with intermediate-2 or high-risk MDS, 77% had thrombocytopenia (severe in 20%).
#39 Thrombocytopenia & MDS: Epidemiology and Clinical Management
https://www.medscape.org/viewarticle/565023
In contrast, among the 860 patients with low-risk or intermediate-1 risk disease, 51% had thrombocytopenia (severe in 12%).[6] […] Thrombocytopenia is common in patients with MDS, with a higher incidence of bleeding than that reported in the literature. […] The development of novel agents that specifically target thrombocytopenia is warranted in anticipation of the increased frequency and treatment of MDS in our aging population.
#40 Thrombocytopenia | AAFP
https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2012/0315/p612.html
Thrombocytopenia is defined as a platelet count of less than 150 103 per L. […] The incidence is 100 cases per 1 million persons annually, and approximately 50 percent of cases occur in children. […] A prospective study evaluated the long-term outcomes of patients with incidental thrombocytopenia. […] The findings of isolated thrombocytopenia in an outpatient setting have prognostic implications. […] One of the most common types of thrombocytopenia in the outpatient setting is drug-induced thrombocytopenia. […] An epidemiologic study from Europe and the United States showed an annual incidence of 10 cases per 1 million persons, but numbers could be higher in older persons and in hospitalized patients. […] Gestational thrombocytopenia is the most common diagnosis of thrombocytopenia in pregnancy, occurring in 8 percent of pregnancies. […] Recommendations for the initial evaluation of thrombocytopenia in pregnancy include a complete blood count and peripheral blood smear.
#41 Thrombocytopenia: Evaluation and Management | AAFP
https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2022/0900/thrombocytopenia.html
Thrombocytopenia is a platelet count of less than 150 103 per L and can occur from decreased platelet production, increased destruction, splenic sequestration, or dilution or clumping. […] Normal platelet counts range from 150 to 450 103 per L; however, some laboratories may specify a slightly different range. Males, older adults, and White populations tend to have lower platelet counts. Modifying normal platelet count ranges based on age, sex, and ethnicity has been proposed, but no consensus has been established. […] The reported incidence of drug-induced thrombocytopenia (DIT) is 10 cases per 1 million people per year, but the number is presumed to be higher because of underreporting and underdiagnosis. […] Thrombocytopenia develops in 5% to 10% of all pregnancies. Unique medical conditions specific to pregnancy must be considered.
#42 Thrombocytopenia | AAFP
https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2012/0315/p612.html
Thrombocytopenia is defined as a platelet count of less than 150 103 per L. […] The incidence is 100 cases per 1 million persons annually, and approximately 50 percent of cases occur in children. […] A prospective study evaluated the long-term outcomes of patients with incidental thrombocytopenia. […] The findings of isolated thrombocytopenia in an outpatient setting have prognostic implications. […] One of the most common types of thrombocytopenia in the outpatient setting is drug-induced thrombocytopenia. […] An epidemiologic study from Europe and the United States showed an annual incidence of 10 cases per 1 million persons, but numbers could be higher in older persons and in hospitalized patients. […] Gestational thrombocytopenia is the most common diagnosis of thrombocytopenia in pregnancy, occurring in 8 percent of pregnancies. […] Recommendations for the initial evaluation of thrombocytopenia in pregnancy include a complete blood count and peripheral blood smear.
#43 Thrombocytopenia: Evaluation and Management | AAFP
https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2022/0900/thrombocytopenia.html
Thrombocytopenia is a platelet count of less than 150 103 per L and can occur from decreased platelet production, increased destruction, splenic sequestration, or dilution or clumping. […] Normal platelet counts range from 150 to 450 103 per L; however, some laboratories may specify a slightly different range. Males, older adults, and White populations tend to have lower platelet counts. Modifying normal platelet count ranges based on age, sex, and ethnicity has been proposed, but no consensus has been established. […] The reported incidence of drug-induced thrombocytopenia (DIT) is 10 cases per 1 million people per year, but the number is presumed to be higher because of underreporting and underdiagnosis. […] Thrombocytopenia develops in 5% to 10% of all pregnancies. Unique medical conditions specific to pregnancy must be considered.
#44 Thrombocytopenia | AAFP
https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2012/0315/p612.html
Thrombocytopenia is defined as a platelet count of less than 150 103 per L. […] The incidence is 100 cases per 1 million persons annually, and approximately 50 percent of cases occur in children. […] A prospective study evaluated the long-term outcomes of patients with incidental thrombocytopenia. […] The findings of isolated thrombocytopenia in an outpatient setting have prognostic implications. […] One of the most common types of thrombocytopenia in the outpatient setting is drug-induced thrombocytopenia. […] An epidemiologic study from Europe and the United States showed an annual incidence of 10 cases per 1 million persons, but numbers could be higher in older persons and in hospitalized patients. […] Gestational thrombocytopenia is the most common diagnosis of thrombocytopenia in pregnancy, occurring in 8 percent of pregnancies. […] Recommendations for the initial evaluation of thrombocytopenia in pregnancy include a complete blood count and peripheral blood smear.
#45 Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/779545-overview
The primary cause of long-term morbidity and mortality in patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is hemorrhage. […] Spontaneous or accidental trauma-induced intracranial hemorrhage is the most frequent cause of death in association with ITP. […] Most cases of intracranial hemorrhage occur in patients whose platelet counts are less than 10 109/L (10 103/L). […] The estimated frequency of intracranial hemorrhage in adults with ITP is 1.5%. […] In children, ITP is more common in boys than in girls. […] In middle-aged adults, women are affected more frequently than men. […] Children may develop ITP at any age, but the incidence peaks in children aged 1-6 years. […] Adults may be affected at any age, but most cases are diagnosed in women aged 30-40 years. […] Onset in a patient older than 60 years is uncommon, and a search for other causes of thrombocytopenia is warranted. […] The most likely causes in these persons are myelodysplastic syndromes, acute leukemia, and marrow infiltration (myelophthisis). […] Persons with ITP who are 70 years or older are at increased risk for spontaneous bleeding and treatment-related adverse events.
#46 Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/779545-overview
The primary cause of long-term morbidity and mortality in patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is hemorrhage. […] Spontaneous or accidental trauma-induced intracranial hemorrhage is the most frequent cause of death in association with ITP. […] Most cases of intracranial hemorrhage occur in patients whose platelet counts are less than 10 109/L (10 103/L). […] The estimated frequency of intracranial hemorrhage in adults with ITP is 1.5%. […] In children, ITP is more common in boys than in girls. […] In middle-aged adults, women are affected more frequently than men. […] Children may develop ITP at any age, but the incidence peaks in children aged 1-6 years. […] Adults may be affected at any age, but most cases are diagnosed in women aged 30-40 years. […] Onset in a patient older than 60 years is uncommon, and a search for other causes of thrombocytopenia is warranted. […] The most likely causes in these persons are myelodysplastic syndromes, acute leukemia, and marrow infiltration (myelophthisis). […] Persons with ITP who are 70 years or older are at increased risk for spontaneous bleeding and treatment-related adverse events.
#47 Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura: Definition and Stats
https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/idiopathic-thrombocytopenic-purpura
Incidence rates are as follows: […] The incidence of ITP in adults is approximately 66 cases per 1,000,000 per year. […] An average estimate of the incidence in children is 50 cases per 1,000,000 per year. […] New cases of chronic refractory ITP comprise approximately 10 cases per 1,000,000 per year. […] According to studies in Denmark and England, childhood ITP occurs in approximately 10-40 cases per 1,000,000 per year. […] A prospective, population-based study in Norway indicated an incidence of 53 per 1,000,000 in children younger than 15 years. […] A study in Kuwait reported a higher incidence of 125 cases per 1,000,000 per year. […] The mortality rate from hemorrhage is approximately 1% in children and 5% in adults. […] In patients with severe thrombocytopenia, predicted 5-year mortality rates from bleeding are significantly raised in patients older than age 60 and those under age 40 — 47.8% versus 2.2%, respectively.
#48 Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura: Definition and Stats
https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/idiopathic-thrombocytopenic-purpura
Incidence rates are as follows: […] The incidence of ITP in adults is approximately 66 cases per 1,000,000 per year. […] An average estimate of the incidence in children is 50 cases per 1,000,000 per year. […] New cases of chronic refractory ITP comprise approximately 10 cases per 1,000,000 per year. […] According to studies in Denmark and England, childhood ITP occurs in approximately 10-40 cases per 1,000,000 per year. […] A prospective, population-based study in Norway indicated an incidence of 53 per 1,000,000 in children younger than 15 years. […] A study in Kuwait reported a higher incidence of 125 cases per 1,000,000 per year. […] The mortality rate from hemorrhage is approximately 1% in children and 5% in adults. […] In patients with severe thrombocytopenia, predicted 5-year mortality rates from bleeding are significantly raised in patients older than age 60 and those under age 40 — 47.8% versus 2.2%, respectively.
#49 Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura: Definition and Stats
https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/idiopathic-thrombocytopenic-purpura
Older age and previous history of hemorrhage increase the risk of severe bleeding in adult ITP. […] Peak prevalence occurs in adults ages 20-50. […] Peak prevalence occurs in children ages 2-4. […] Approximately 40% of all patients are younger than age 10. […] In chronic ITP (adults), the female-to-male ratio is 2.6:1. […] More than 72% of patients older than age 10 are female. […] In acute ITP (children), distribution is equal between males (52%) and females (48%).
#50 How we treat primary immune thrombocytopenia in adults | Journal of Hematology & Oncology | Full Text
https://jhoonline.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13045-023-01401-z
Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an acquired autoimmune bleeding disorder characterized by isolated thrombocytopenia (platelet countâ<â100âÃâ10^9/L) in the absence of other etiologies. The incidence of the disease is approximately 2â10 per 100,000 adults each year, with a prevalence of 9â20 per 100,000 adults. [...] A population-based study revealed a 1.3â2.2-fold increase in the mortality rate for adult ITP patients compared with the general population due to bleeding episodes, infection, and cardiovascular events. [...] Although the reported incidence of thrombosis was inconsistent, most studies demonstrated a slightly increased risk of thromboembolism in ITP patients. [...] The international working group (IWG) on ITP and the American Society of Hematology (ASH) both updated their guidelines for the diagnosis and management of ITP in 2019.
#51 Epidemiology and Clinical Manifestations of Immune Thrombocytopenia – PubMed
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30868551/
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) occurs with an incidence rate of 1.6 to 3.9 per 100,000 patient-years, which increases with age and has a slight female preponderance. […] Over long-term follow-up, ITP is also associated with an increased risk of venous and arterial thromboembolism, haematologic malignancy and overall mortality than the general population.
#52 How we treat primary immune thrombocytopenia in adults | Journal of Hematology & Oncology | Full Text
https://jhoonline.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13045-023-01401-z
Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an acquired autoimmune bleeding disorder characterized by isolated thrombocytopenia (platelet countâ<â100âÃâ10^9/L) in the absence of other etiologies. The incidence of the disease is approximately 2â10 per 100,000 adults each year, with a prevalence of 9â20 per 100,000 adults. [...] A population-based study revealed a 1.3â2.2-fold increase in the mortality rate for adult ITP patients compared with the general population due to bleeding episodes, infection, and cardiovascular events. [...] Although the reported incidence of thrombosis was inconsistent, most studies demonstrated a slightly increased risk of thromboembolism in ITP patients. [...] The international working group (IWG) on ITP and the American Society of Hematology (ASH) both updated their guidelines for the diagnosis and management of ITP in 2019.
#53 How we treat primary immune thrombocytopenia in adults | Journal of Hematology & Oncology | Full Text
https://jhoonline.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13045-023-01401-z
Severe ITP refers to patients with clinically relevant bleeding of sufficient magnitude to mandate disease-directed treatments, or cases showing new bleeding symptoms requiring additional interventions or an increase in drug dose. […] Bleeding severity in ITP patients may be graded using the well-established ITP-specific bleeding assessment tool (ITP-BAT), as it is one of the basic determinants of treatment initiation and response evaluation. […] Data from the CARMEN-France registry indicated that anticoagulant exposure was the major risk factor for severe bleeding in very elderly ITP patients agedââ¥â80 years, and thus for whom more close monitoring was needed. […] The incidence of surgical complications and mortality rates are relatively higher in patientsâ>â60 years of age. Therefore, splenectomy should be considered a last resort and only be performed after a comprehensive assessment of the disease in elderly patients.
#54 Risk and adverse clinical outcomes of thrombocytopenia among patients with solid tumorsâa Danish population-based cohort study | British Journal of Cancer
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41416-024-02630-w
Knowledge about thrombocytopenia among patients with solid tumors is scarce. We examined the risk of thrombocytopenia among patients with solid tumors and its association with adverse outcomes. The 1-year risk of thrombocytopenia was 23%, increasing to 30% at 4 years. This risk was higher in patients receiving chemotherapy (43% at 1 year and 49% at 4 years). Overall, patients with thrombocytopenia had higher 30-days rates of bleeding (HR=1.72 [95% confidence interval, CI: 1.41-2.11]). Thrombocytopenia was also associated with an increased rate of transfusion, and death, but some of the risk estimates were imprecise. The risk of thrombocytopenia was substantial among patients with solid tumors and associated with adverse outcomes. The incidence of thrombocytopenia in a population of solid tumor patients treated with chemotherapy was 10-13% in two studies based on large United States electronic medical record and claims datasets. In another study of adult solid tumor patients receiving chemotherapy, the 3-month risk of thrombocytopenia was 13%. Thrombocytopenia can have important clinical consequences, such as postponement of or reduction in cancer treatment dose. Moreover, some prior studies found that thrombocytopenia was associated with increased risk of bleeding. All grades of thrombocytopenia were associated with an increased rate of bleeding leading to hospitalization, transfusion, and death.
#55 Risk and adverse clinical outcomes of thrombocytopenia among patients with solid tumorsâa Danish population-based cohort study | British Journal of Cancer
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41416-024-02630-w
Knowledge about thrombocytopenia among patients with solid tumors is scarce. We examined the risk of thrombocytopenia among patients with solid tumors and its association with adverse outcomes. The 1-year risk of thrombocytopenia was 23%, increasing to 30% at 4 years. This risk was higher in patients receiving chemotherapy (43% at 1 year and 49% at 4 years). Overall, patients with thrombocytopenia had higher 30-days rates of bleeding (HR=1.72 [95% confidence interval, CI: 1.41-2.11]). Thrombocytopenia was also associated with an increased rate of transfusion, and death, but some of the risk estimates were imprecise. The risk of thrombocytopenia was substantial among patients with solid tumors and associated with adverse outcomes. The incidence of thrombocytopenia in a population of solid tumor patients treated with chemotherapy was 10-13% in two studies based on large United States electronic medical record and claims datasets. In another study of adult solid tumor patients receiving chemotherapy, the 3-month risk of thrombocytopenia was 13%. Thrombocytopenia can have important clinical consequences, such as postponement of or reduction in cancer treatment dose. Moreover, some prior studies found that thrombocytopenia was associated with increased risk of bleeding. All grades of thrombocytopenia were associated with an increased rate of bleeding leading to hospitalization, transfusion, and death.
#56 Risk and adverse clinical outcomes of thrombocytopenia among patients with solid tumorsâa Danish population-based cohort study | British Journal of Cancer
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41416-024-02630-w
Knowledge about thrombocytopenia among patients with solid tumors is scarce. We examined the risk of thrombocytopenia among patients with solid tumors and its association with adverse outcomes. The 1-year risk of thrombocytopenia was 23%, increasing to 30% at 4 years. This risk was higher in patients receiving chemotherapy (43% at 1 year and 49% at 4 years). Overall, patients with thrombocytopenia had higher 30-days rates of bleeding (HR=1.72 [95% confidence interval, CI: 1.41-2.11]). Thrombocytopenia was also associated with an increased rate of transfusion, and death, but some of the risk estimates were imprecise. The risk of thrombocytopenia was substantial among patients with solid tumors and associated with adverse outcomes. The incidence of thrombocytopenia in a population of solid tumor patients treated with chemotherapy was 10-13% in two studies based on large United States electronic medical record and claims datasets. In another study of adult solid tumor patients receiving chemotherapy, the 3-month risk of thrombocytopenia was 13%. Thrombocytopenia can have important clinical consequences, such as postponement of or reduction in cancer treatment dose. Moreover, some prior studies found that thrombocytopenia was associated with increased risk of bleeding. All grades of thrombocytopenia were associated with an increased rate of bleeding leading to hospitalization, transfusion, and death.
#57 Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) in adults: Clinical manifestations and diagnosis – UpToDate
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/immune-thrombocytopenia-itp-in-adults-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is one of the more common causes of thrombocytopenia in otherwise asymptomatic adults. […] The lack of a sensitive or specific diagnostic test for ITP and the large number of other potential causes of thrombocytopenia, some of which may be overlooked (eg, drug-induced thrombocytopenia, hereditary thrombocytopenia), also contribute to challenges in diagnosing ITP.
#58 How we treat primary immune thrombocytopenia in adults | Journal of Hematology & Oncology | Full Text
https://jhoonline.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13045-023-01401-z
Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an acquired autoimmune bleeding disorder characterized by isolated thrombocytopenia (platelet countâ<â100âÃâ10^9/L) in the absence of other etiologies. The incidence of the disease is approximately 2â10 per 100,000 adults each year, with a prevalence of 9â20 per 100,000 adults. [...] A population-based study revealed a 1.3â2.2-fold increase in the mortality rate for adult ITP patients compared with the general population due to bleeding episodes, infection, and cardiovascular events. [...] Although the reported incidence of thrombosis was inconsistent, most studies demonstrated a slightly increased risk of thromboembolism in ITP patients. [...] The international working group (IWG) on ITP and the American Society of Hematology (ASH) both updated their guidelines for the diagnosis and management of ITP in 2019.
#59 How we treat primary immune thrombocytopenia in adults | Journal of Hematology & Oncology | Full Text
https://jhoonline.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13045-023-01401-z
According to several population-based studies, myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and secondary ITP, such as thrombocytopenias due to systemic autoimmune diseases, malignancies, primary immune deficiency, or drug exposure, accounted for approximately 20% of the misdiagnosis. […] The Chinese ITP guidelines also list specialized laboratory assays that include the detection of anti-GP autoantibodies by monoclonal antibody-specific immobilization of platelet antigen (MAIPA) or flow cytometric immunobead array, serum thrombopoietin levels, Helicobacter pylori infection, direct antiglobulin test (DAT), and the quantification of parvovirus, EpsteinâBarr virus, and cytomegalovirus deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). […] According to the disease duration, ITP can be divided into newly diagnosed (â¤3 months), persistent (3â12 months), and chronic (>12 months) phases. Adult patients are more likely to develop chronic disease than children.
#60 Comprehensive Surveillance of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus in Patients with Acute Febrile Illness, Wild Rodents, and Trombiculid Larval Mites, Thailand – Volume 30, SupplementâOctober 2024 – Emerging Infectious Diseases journal – CDC
https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/30/14/24-0163_article
Infection with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (Bandavirus dabieense) virus poses a substantial public health threat because of its high mortality rates and severe complications. […] Our study confirmed the virus in 1.6% of acute febrile illness patients and specific antibodies in 3% of archived samples since 2015 in Thailand. […] Ongoing surveillance of the virus in human and animal populations is essential for monitoring its prevalence, distribution, and potential for emergence. […] Comprehensive surveillance, particularly from regions with extensive farming or agricultural activities, where these habitats could serve as zoogeographic transmission points and disease hotspots, is imperative to guide effective prevention and control strategies. […] Our study confirmed the presence of SFTSV RNA in AFI patients, wild rodents, and chiggers across multiple locations in Thailand and identified a notable seroprevalence of SFTSV-specific antibodies among AFI patients, highlighting a substantial yet underrecognized prevalence of SFTSV. […] This extensive distribution of the virus signifies a widespread and longstanding effect, necessitating ongoing surveillance and enhanced diagnostic measures to fully comprehend the disease ecology and transmission dynamics and to manage public health interventions effectively.
#61 Epidemiology of immune thrombocytopenia: study of adult patients at a referral hematology service in Northeastern Brazil | Hematology, Transfusion and Cell Therapy
https://www.htct.com.br/en-epidemiology-immune-thrombocytopenia-study-adult-avance-S2531137923025853
This study of the epidemiology of ITP in Brazil is intended as a contribution to public health policy development, health care cost modeling and the updating of curricula used in health education. Based on a sample of 187 adult patients, the demographic profile drawn in this study shares similarities with profiles from other countries, especially France, with regard to the prevalence of the female sex and age distribution. These similarities between the profiles of Cear and France may be related to genetic inheritance. Secondary ITP displayed a bimodal distribution and a linear increase between 38 and 68 years of age.
#62 SciELO Brazil – Epidemiology of immune thrombocytopenia: study of adult patients at a referral hematology service in Northeastern Brazil Epidemiology of immune thrombocytopenia: study of adult patients at a referral hematology service in Northeastern Bra
https://www.scielo.br/j/htct/a/jyvVdsc8Zttd4kPdkmcQ3yn/?lang=en
In this study, secondary ITP accounted for 9.6 % of the 187 adult cases. […] The frequency distribution of secondary ITP displayed two peaks, one for young adults (18-27 years) and one for seniors (68 years). […] The predominance of females observed in this study (154/187; 82.35 %) in all age brackets was expected with similar findings being reported by studies on ITP incidence in a range of other countries. […] This study of the epidemiology of ITP in Brazil is intended as a contribution to public health policy development, health care cost modeling and the updating of curricula used in health education. Based on a sample of 187 adult patients, the demographic profile drawn in this study shares similarities with profiles from other countries, especially France, with regard to the prevalence of the female sex and age distribution. These similarities between the profiles of Cear and France may be related to genetic inheritance. Secondary ITP displayed a bimodal distribution and a linear increase between 38 and 68 years of age.
#63 Epidemiology of the primary immune thrombocytopenia – HAEMA
https://haema-journal.gr/?p=445
Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an unusual disease, with an annual incidence approximately two to six cases per 100,000 population. […] The current strongest estimate of the incidence of acute ITP in children is between 1.9 and 6.4 per 100,000 children/year. […] Estimates of the incidence of adult ITP are based primarily on studies from Denmark (2.7 per 100,000), the United Kingdom (1.6 to 3.9 per 100,000), and the United States (prevalence 9.5 per 100,000). […] The mean age of adults at diagnosis in Europe is 56 yrs and the incidence of ITP increases with age. […] Female predominance is seen primarily in middle-aged adults and is not evident in patients older than 60 years of age. […] Adult ITP is more likely to present a chronic course, compared to the childhood ITP. […] In order to improve the understanding of the disease burden of ITP, future studies should include a clearly defined definition of ITP and focus on well-described source populations that are geographically and ethnically diverse.
#64 How we treat primary immune thrombocytopenia in adults | Journal of Hematology & Oncology | Full Text
https://jhoonline.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13045-023-01401-z
Severe ITP refers to patients with clinically relevant bleeding of sufficient magnitude to mandate disease-directed treatments, or cases showing new bleeding symptoms requiring additional interventions or an increase in drug dose. […] Bleeding severity in ITP patients may be graded using the well-established ITP-specific bleeding assessment tool (ITP-BAT), as it is one of the basic determinants of treatment initiation and response evaluation. […] Data from the CARMEN-France registry indicated that anticoagulant exposure was the major risk factor for severe bleeding in very elderly ITP patients agedââ¥â80 years, and thus for whom more close monitoring was needed. […] The incidence of surgical complications and mortality rates are relatively higher in patientsâ>â60 years of age. Therefore, splenectomy should be considered a last resort and only be performed after a comprehensive assessment of the disease in elderly patients.