Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Pityriasis rosea – An update – Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology

  https://ijdvl.com/pityriasis-rosea-an-update/

  Recent controversies on the etiology, diagnosis and treatment have led to increased interest in pityriasis rosea (PR). […] Despite active labor for nearly one and a half century by generations of researchers, the etiology of pityriasis rosea (PR) fails to be demystified. […] PR has long been suspected to have an infectious, mainly viral, etiology because of a distinct clinical course akin to those of viral exanthems. […] Recent controversy is centered on the association of PR with HHV-7 infection. […] There is convincing evidence that PR is not associated with cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, parvovirus B19, picornavirus, influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, Chlamydia pneumoniae, C. trachomatis, Legionella longbeachae, L. micdadei, L. pneumophila, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections. […] The role of autoimmunity in PR warrants further investigations.

• #2 Pityriasis Rosea: An Update on Etiopathogenesis and Management of Difficult Aspects

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4966395/

  Pityriasis rosea (PR) probably has an infective etiology. […] Numerous hypotheses have been postulated about the exact cause of PR, incriminating both infective agents such as viruses, bacteria, spirochetes, and noninfective etiologies such as atopy and autoimmunity. […] There are various factors which have pointed toward an infectious etiology for this condition such as seasonal variations, presence of a prodrome, familial clustering in some cases and presence of herald patch (which may be correlated with the inoculation point of organism) followed by the secondary eruption and infrequent recurrences. […] Recently, there is an increasing evidence to suggest the role of human herpes virus (HHV) in PR. […] In light of the above studies, HHV 6 and 7 are the most likely etiologic agents for PR and further studies should be targeted toward establishing their definite role.

• #3 Pityriasis Rosea – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448091/

  The exact cause of PR is unknown; however, features like seasonal variation and community clustering suggest that it has an infection-based origin. Infections from viruses, bacteria, and spirochetes, as well as noninfective causes like atopy and autoimmunity, are known causes of PR. […] Upper respiratory tract infections that precede PR suggest that streptococcus plays a role in developing this condition. Recently, reactivation of latent human herpesvirus (HHV)-6 and HHV-7 infections have been identified as possible etiologic agents. […] PR-like eruptions have been reported after vaccinations, such as bacillus Calmette-Gurin (BCG), influenza, influenza A (H1N1), diphtheria, smallpox, hepatitis B, pneumococcus, and COVID-19. […] Eruptions have also been seen after administration of drugs like gold compounds, captopril, barbiturates, D-penicillamine, clonidine, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, hydrochlorothiazide, atypical antipsychotics, imatinib, metronidazole, isotretinoin, and clozapine. […] In temperate regions, PR is more common in the winter, whereas in tropical areas, some seasonal variation is noted.

• #4 Pityriasis Rosea: An Update on Etiopathogenesis and Management of Difficult Aspects

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4966395/

  Pityriasis rosea (PR) probably has an infective etiology. […] Numerous hypotheses have been postulated about the exact cause of PR, incriminating both infective agents such as viruses, bacteria, spirochetes, and noninfective etiologies such as atopy and autoimmunity. […] There are various factors which have pointed toward an infectious etiology for this condition such as seasonal variations, presence of a prodrome, familial clustering in some cases and presence of herald patch (which may be correlated with the inoculation point of organism) followed by the secondary eruption and infrequent recurrences. […] Recently, there is an increasing evidence to suggest the role of human herpes virus (HHV) in PR. […] In light of the above studies, HHV 6 and 7 are the most likely etiologic agents for PR and further studies should be targeted toward establishing their definite role.

• #5 Pityriasis Rosea – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448091/

  The exact cause of PR is unknown; however, features like seasonal variation and community clustering suggest that it has an infection-based origin. Infections from viruses, bacteria, and spirochetes, as well as noninfective causes like atopy and autoimmunity, are known causes of PR. […] Upper respiratory tract infections that precede PR suggest that streptococcus plays a role in developing this condition. Recently, reactivation of latent human herpesvirus (HHV)-6 and HHV-7 infections have been identified as possible etiologic agents. […] PR-like eruptions have been reported after vaccinations, such as bacillus Calmette-Gurin (BCG), influenza, influenza A (H1N1), diphtheria, smallpox, hepatitis B, pneumococcus, and COVID-19. […] Eruptions have also been seen after administration of drugs like gold compounds, captopril, barbiturates, D-penicillamine, clonidine, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, hydrochlorothiazide, atypical antipsychotics, imatinib, metronidazole, isotretinoin, and clozapine. […] In temperate regions, PR is more common in the winter, whereas in tropical areas, some seasonal variation is noted.

• #6 How Does A Person Get Pityriasis Rosea? Symptoms & Treatment

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/how_does_a_person_get_pityriasis_rosea/article_em.htm

  Pityriasis rosea is a common and harmless rash that lasts about 6 to 8 weeks. […] The cause of pityriasis rosea is unknown. It is thought it may be caused by a virus. One theory is that it is a reactivation of herpes viruses 6 and 7, and another theory is that the influenza virus H1N1 is a possible cause. […] Other experts have suggested a fungal infection is a more likely cause of pityriasis rosea than a viral infection, but this has not been proven. […] Stress may also increase the occurrence of lesions.

• #7 Pityriasis rosea – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/pityriasis-rosea

  Pityriasis rosea (PR) is an acute, self-limited, exanthematous skin disease characterized by the appearance of slightly inflammatory, oval, papulosquamous lesions on the trunk and proximal areas of the extremities. […] A viral etiology for PR has been hypothesized based upon the following observations: […] PR is sometimes preceded by a prodrome of headache, malaise, and pharyngitis. […] It occasionally occurs in small case clusters. […] It has not been shown to be associated with bacterial or fungal organisms.

• #8 Pityriasis Rosea | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2004/0101/p87.html

  Pityriasis rosea is a common, acute exanthem of uncertain etiology. Viral and bacterial causes have been sought, but convincing answers have not yet been found. […] Although the etiology of pityriasis rosea is unclear, several factors indicate an infectious cause. First, outbreaks of the condition occur in clusters, suggesting that an infectious agent is circulating within a community. Second, recurrence of pityriasis rosea outside the acute phase is rare, suggesting that there is long-lasting immunity after the infection. Third, up to 69 percent of patients with pityriasis rosea have a prodromal illness before the herald patch appears. Finally, some patients with pityriasis rosea show an increase in B lymphocytes, a decrease in T lymphocytes, and an elevated sedimentation rate. […] Unfortunately, even though electron microscopy shows some viral changes and possible viral particles, antibody and polymerase chain reaction tests for known viruses have failed to identify an offending virus. The results of one study showed elevated levels of human herpesvirus 7 in patients with pityriasis rosea. However, subsequent study results showed no consistent increase of human herpesvirus 7 levels in affected patients compared with control patients. Furthermore, human herpesvirus 7 infection is common in childhood, and the virus is prone to reactivation. Several other viruses have been examined, but none has been found to be causative.

• #9 Pityriasis Rosea | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2004/0101/p87.html

  Pityriasis rosea is a common, acute exanthem of uncertain etiology. Viral and bacterial causes have been sought, but convincing answers have not yet been found. […] Although the etiology of pityriasis rosea is unclear, several factors indicate an infectious cause. First, outbreaks of the condition occur in clusters, suggesting that an infectious agent is circulating within a community. Second, recurrence of pityriasis rosea outside the acute phase is rare, suggesting that there is long-lasting immunity after the infection. Third, up to 69 percent of patients with pityriasis rosea have a prodromal illness before the herald patch appears. Finally, some patients with pityriasis rosea show an increase in B lymphocytes, a decrease in T lymphocytes, and an elevated sedimentation rate. […] Unfortunately, even though electron microscopy shows some viral changes and possible viral particles, antibody and polymerase chain reaction tests for known viruses have failed to identify an offending virus. The results of one study showed elevated levels of human herpesvirus 7 in patients with pityriasis rosea. However, subsequent study results showed no consistent increase of human herpesvirus 7 levels in affected patients compared with control patients. Furthermore, human herpesvirus 7 infection is common in childhood, and the virus is prone to reactivation. Several other viruses have been examined, but none has been found to be causative.

• #10 Pityriasis Rosea: An Update on Etiopathogenesis and Management of Difficult Aspects

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4966395/

  Pityriasis rosea (PR) probably has an infective etiology. […] Numerous hypotheses have been postulated about the exact cause of PR, incriminating both infective agents such as viruses, bacteria, spirochetes, and noninfective etiologies such as atopy and autoimmunity. […] There are various factors which have pointed toward an infectious etiology for this condition such as seasonal variations, presence of a prodrome, familial clustering in some cases and presence of herald patch (which may be correlated with the inoculation point of organism) followed by the secondary eruption and infrequent recurrences. […] Recently, there is an increasing evidence to suggest the role of human herpes virus (HHV) in PR. […] In light of the above studies, HHV 6 and 7 are the most likely etiologic agents for PR and further studies should be targeted toward establishing their definite role.

• #11 Pityriasis Rosea: An Update on Etiopathogenesis and Management of Difficult Aspects

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4966395/

  Pityriasis rosea (PR) probably has an infective etiology. […] Numerous hypotheses have been postulated about the exact cause of PR, incriminating both infective agents such as viruses, bacteria, spirochetes, and noninfective etiologies such as atopy and autoimmunity. […] There are various factors which have pointed toward an infectious etiology for this condition such as seasonal variations, presence of a prodrome, familial clustering in some cases and presence of herald patch (which may be correlated with the inoculation point of organism) followed by the secondary eruption and infrequent recurrences. […] Recently, there is an increasing evidence to suggest the role of human herpes virus (HHV) in PR. […] In light of the above studies, HHV 6 and 7 are the most likely etiologic agents for PR and further studies should be targeted toward establishing their definite role.

• #12 Pityriasis rosea | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/pityriasis-rosea

  Pityriasis rosea is a skin rash caused by a virus. […] Pityriasis rosea is caused by a viral infection. The virus has recently been identified as one of the herpes viruses. […] Children and young adults are more susceptible, for reasons unknown. Recurrences are rare – a person who develops the skin rash has only a two per cent chance of experiencing it again.

• #13 Pityriasis Rosea | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2004/0101/p87.html

  Pityriasis rosea is a common, acute exanthem of uncertain etiology. Viral and bacterial causes have been sought, but convincing answers have not yet been found. […] Although the etiology of pityriasis rosea is unclear, several factors indicate an infectious cause. First, outbreaks of the condition occur in clusters, suggesting that an infectious agent is circulating within a community. Second, recurrence of pityriasis rosea outside the acute phase is rare, suggesting that there is long-lasting immunity after the infection. Third, up to 69 percent of patients with pityriasis rosea have a prodromal illness before the herald patch appears. Finally, some patients with pityriasis rosea show an increase in B lymphocytes, a decrease in T lymphocytes, and an elevated sedimentation rate. […] Unfortunately, even though electron microscopy shows some viral changes and possible viral particles, antibody and polymerase chain reaction tests for known viruses have failed to identify an offending virus. The results of one study showed elevated levels of human herpesvirus 7 in patients with pityriasis rosea. However, subsequent study results showed no consistent increase of human herpesvirus 7 levels in affected patients compared with control patients. Furthermore, human herpesvirus 7 infection is common in childhood, and the virus is prone to reactivation. Several other viruses have been examined, but none has been found to be causative.

• #14 Pityriasis rosea: Causes

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/pityriasis-rosea-causes

  What causes pityriasis rosea? […] Its likely caused by a virus. Dermatologists have found human herpesviruses in the rash, blood, and saliva of people who have pityriasis rosea. […] The ones found in people with pityriasis rosea are human herpesviruses 6 and 7. […] Its possible that people get pityriasis rosea when their immune system lets down its guard, which allows the viruses to travel around the body and reproduce. […] While the strongest evidence points to herpesviruses as the cause, more research is needed to find out whats happening. Other causes have been suggested. These include another type of virus and bacteria.

• #15 Pityriasis Rosea: An Update on Etiopathogenesis and Management of Difficult Aspects

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4966395/

  Pityriasis rosea (PR) probably has an infective etiology. […] Numerous hypotheses have been postulated about the exact cause of PR, incriminating both infective agents such as viruses, bacteria, spirochetes, and noninfective etiologies such as atopy and autoimmunity. […] There are various factors which have pointed toward an infectious etiology for this condition such as seasonal variations, presence of a prodrome, familial clustering in some cases and presence of herald patch (which may be correlated with the inoculation point of organism) followed by the secondary eruption and infrequent recurrences. […] Recently, there is an increasing evidence to suggest the role of human herpes virus (HHV) in PR. […] In light of the above studies, HHV 6 and 7 are the most likely etiologic agents for PR and further studies should be targeted toward establishing their definite role.

• #16 Pityriasis Rosea: An Update on Etiopathogenesis and Management of Difficult Aspects

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4966395/

  The exact etiology is not known but it is postulated that like other HHV viruses (varicella zoster virus and Epstein-Barr virus) which are associated with reactivation; reactivation of HHV6 and 7 (postulated in etiopathogenesis of PR) may be responsible for recurrent episodes. […] Although lot is known about PR, there are still a lot of gray areas which need to be addressed in future studies. Through this article, we have tried to bring together the literature published for the same. We conclude that viral etiology is probably the most likely cause of PR, and thus, antivirals should be given in early stages of PR itself.

• #17 Pityriasis Rosea: An Update on Etiopathogenesis and Management of Difficult Aspects

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4966395/

  The exact etiology is not known but it is postulated that like other HHV viruses (varicella zoster virus and Epstein-Barr virus) which are associated with reactivation; reactivation of HHV6 and 7 (postulated in etiopathogenesis of PR) may be responsible for recurrent episodes. […] Although lot is known about PR, there are still a lot of gray areas which need to be addressed in future studies. Through this article, we have tried to bring together the literature published for the same. We conclude that viral etiology is probably the most likely cause of PR, and thus, antivirals should be given in early stages of PR itself.

• #18 Pityriasis rosea: Causes

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/pityriasis-rosea-causes

  What causes pityriasis rosea? […] Its likely caused by a virus. Dermatologists have found human herpesviruses in the rash, blood, and saliva of people who have pityriasis rosea. […] The ones found in people with pityriasis rosea are human herpesviruses 6 and 7. […] Its possible that people get pityriasis rosea when their immune system lets down its guard, which allows the viruses to travel around the body and reproduce. […] While the strongest evidence points to herpesviruses as the cause, more research is needed to find out whats happening. Other causes have been suggested. These include another type of virus and bacteria.

• #19 Pityriasis Rosea: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2018/0101/p38.html

  Pityriasis rosea is a common self-limiting rash that usually starts with a herald patch on the trunk and progresses along the Langer lines to a generalized rash over the trunk and limbs. […] The epidemiology and clinical course of pityriasis rosea suggest an infectious etiology. […] A viral etiology was proposed after intranuclear and intracytoplasmic virus-like particles were observed by microscopy. […] The most common viruses linked to pityriasis rosea are human herpesvirus-6 and -7 (HHV-6 and -7). […] However, the studies linking HHV-6 and -7 with pityriasis rosea are conflicting and small. […] Early polymerase chain reaction studies did not detect active viral DNA in patients with pityriasis rosea, despite their having positive antibodies to HHV-6 and -7. […] A later study using a calibrated quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay found active HHV-6 and -7 in plasma and skin samples. […] Serologic studies have been of limited value because of their inability to determine acute vs. previous infection.

• #20 Pityriasis Rosea: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2018/0101/p38.html

  Pityriasis rosea is a common self-limiting rash that usually starts with a herald patch on the trunk and progresses along the Langer lines to a generalized rash over the trunk and limbs. […] The epidemiology and clinical course of pityriasis rosea suggest an infectious etiology. […] A viral etiology was proposed after intranuclear and intracytoplasmic virus-like particles were observed by microscopy. […] The most common viruses linked to pityriasis rosea are human herpesvirus-6 and -7 (HHV-6 and -7). […] However, the studies linking HHV-6 and -7 with pityriasis rosea are conflicting and small. […] Early polymerase chain reaction studies did not detect active viral DNA in patients with pityriasis rosea, despite their having positive antibodies to HHV-6 and -7. […] A later study using a calibrated quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay found active HHV-6 and -7 in plasma and skin samples. […] Serologic studies have been of limited value because of their inability to determine acute vs. previous infection.

• #21 Pityriasis Rosea: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2018/0101/p38.html

  Pityriasis rosea is a common self-limiting rash that usually starts with a herald patch on the trunk and progresses along the Langer lines to a generalized rash over the trunk and limbs. […] The epidemiology and clinical course of pityriasis rosea suggest an infectious etiology. […] A viral etiology was proposed after intranuclear and intracytoplasmic virus-like particles were observed by microscopy. […] The most common viruses linked to pityriasis rosea are human herpesvirus-6 and -7 (HHV-6 and -7). […] However, the studies linking HHV-6 and -7 with pityriasis rosea are conflicting and small. […] Early polymerase chain reaction studies did not detect active viral DNA in patients with pityriasis rosea, despite their having positive antibodies to HHV-6 and -7. […] A later study using a calibrated quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay found active HHV-6 and -7 in plasma and skin samples. […] Serologic studies have been of limited value because of their inability to determine acute vs. previous infection.

• #22 Pityriasis rosea – DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/pityriasis-rosea

  Pityriasis rosea is a self-limiting rash, which resolves in about 610 weeks. […] The exact cause is not known. Viral, bacterial, and non-infective causes have been hypothesised. […] Reports suggested pityriasis rosea may be caused by: Viral infections […] Herpesviruses 6 and 7 (HHV-6/7) have the strongest known association, however studies have not been confirmatory. […] Other viral infections, such as H1N1 influenza A and COVID-19, may also be causative. […] Drug-induced reactions […] Many drugs have been associated, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, hydrochlorothiazide, gold, captopril, atypical antipsychotics barbiturates, D-penicillamine, imatinib, metronidazole, isotretinoin, clozapine, and clonidine. […] Vaccines […] Pityriasis rosea may be triggered by the Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), H1N1, diphtheria, smallpox, hepatitis B, Pneumococcus, and COVID-19 vaccines.

• #23 Pityriasis Rosea: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2018/0101/p38.html

  Pityriasis rosea is a common self-limiting rash that usually starts with a herald patch on the trunk and progresses along the Langer lines to a generalized rash over the trunk and limbs. […] The epidemiology and clinical course of pityriasis rosea suggest an infectious etiology. […] A viral etiology was proposed after intranuclear and intracytoplasmic virus-like particles were observed by microscopy. […] The most common viruses linked to pityriasis rosea are human herpesvirus-6 and -7 (HHV-6 and -7). […] However, the studies linking HHV-6 and -7 with pityriasis rosea are conflicting and small. […] Early polymerase chain reaction studies did not detect active viral DNA in patients with pityriasis rosea, despite their having positive antibodies to HHV-6 and -7. […] A later study using a calibrated quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay found active HHV-6 and -7 in plasma and skin samples. […] Serologic studies have been of limited value because of their inability to determine acute vs. previous infection.

• #24 Pityriasis Rosea: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2018/0101/p38.html

  Pityriasis rosea is a common self-limiting rash that usually starts with a herald patch on the trunk and progresses along the Langer lines to a generalized rash over the trunk and limbs. […] The epidemiology and clinical course of pityriasis rosea suggest an infectious etiology. […] A viral etiology was proposed after intranuclear and intracytoplasmic virus-like particles were observed by microscopy. […] The most common viruses linked to pityriasis rosea are human herpesvirus-6 and -7 (HHV-6 and -7). […] However, the studies linking HHV-6 and -7 with pityriasis rosea are conflicting and small. […] Early polymerase chain reaction studies did not detect active viral DNA in patients with pityriasis rosea, despite their having positive antibodies to HHV-6 and -7. […] A later study using a calibrated quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay found active HHV-6 and -7 in plasma and skin samples. […] Serologic studies have been of limited value because of their inability to determine acute vs. previous infection.

• #25 Pityriasis rosea – DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/pityriasis-rosea

  Pityriasis rosea is a self-limiting rash, which resolves in about 610 weeks. […] The exact cause is not known. Viral, bacterial, and non-infective causes have been hypothesised. […] Reports suggested pityriasis rosea may be caused by: Viral infections […] Herpesviruses 6 and 7 (HHV-6/7) have the strongest known association, however studies have not been confirmatory. […] Other viral infections, such as H1N1 influenza A and COVID-19, may also be causative. […] Drug-induced reactions […] Many drugs have been associated, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, hydrochlorothiazide, gold, captopril, atypical antipsychotics barbiturates, D-penicillamine, imatinib, metronidazole, isotretinoin, clozapine, and clonidine. […] Vaccines […] Pityriasis rosea may be triggered by the Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), H1N1, diphtheria, smallpox, hepatitis B, Pneumococcus, and COVID-19 vaccines.

• #26 Pityriasis Rosea – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448091/

  The exact cause of PR is unknown; however, features like seasonal variation and community clustering suggest that it has an infection-based origin. Infections from viruses, bacteria, and spirochetes, as well as noninfective causes like atopy and autoimmunity, are known causes of PR. […] Upper respiratory tract infections that precede PR suggest that streptococcus plays a role in developing this condition. Recently, reactivation of latent human herpesvirus (HHV)-6 and HHV-7 infections have been identified as possible etiologic agents. […] PR-like eruptions have been reported after vaccinations, such as bacillus Calmette-Gurin (BCG), influenza, influenza A (H1N1), diphtheria, smallpox, hepatitis B, pneumococcus, and COVID-19. […] Eruptions have also been seen after administration of drugs like gold compounds, captopril, barbiturates, D-penicillamine, clonidine, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, hydrochlorothiazide, atypical antipsychotics, imatinib, metronidazole, isotretinoin, and clozapine. […] In temperate regions, PR is more common in the winter, whereas in tropical areas, some seasonal variation is noted.

• #27 Pityriasis Rosea – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448091/

  The exact cause of PR is unknown; however, features like seasonal variation and community clustering suggest that it has an infection-based origin. Infections from viruses, bacteria, and spirochetes, as well as noninfective causes like atopy and autoimmunity, are known causes of PR. […] Upper respiratory tract infections that precede PR suggest that streptococcus plays a role in developing this condition. Recently, reactivation of latent human herpesvirus (HHV)-6 and HHV-7 infections have been identified as possible etiologic agents. […] PR-like eruptions have been reported after vaccinations, such as bacillus Calmette-Gurin (BCG), influenza, influenza A (H1N1), diphtheria, smallpox, hepatitis B, pneumococcus, and COVID-19. […] Eruptions have also been seen after administration of drugs like gold compounds, captopril, barbiturates, D-penicillamine, clonidine, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, hydrochlorothiazide, atypical antipsychotics, imatinib, metronidazole, isotretinoin, and clozapine. […] In temperate regions, PR is more common in the winter, whereas in tropical areas, some seasonal variation is noted.

• #28 Pityriasis rosea – DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/pityriasis-rosea

  Pityriasis rosea is a self-limiting rash, which resolves in about 610 weeks. […] The exact cause is not known. Viral, bacterial, and non-infective causes have been hypothesised. […] Reports suggested pityriasis rosea may be caused by: Viral infections […] Herpesviruses 6 and 7 (HHV-6/7) have the strongest known association, however studies have not been confirmatory. […] Other viral infections, such as H1N1 influenza A and COVID-19, may also be causative. […] Drug-induced reactions […] Many drugs have been associated, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, hydrochlorothiazide, gold, captopril, atypical antipsychotics barbiturates, D-penicillamine, imatinib, metronidazole, isotretinoin, clozapine, and clonidine. […] Vaccines […] Pityriasis rosea may be triggered by the Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), H1N1, diphtheria, smallpox, hepatitis B, Pneumococcus, and COVID-19 vaccines.

• #29 Inverse Pityriasis Rosea: Symptoms, Causes, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/inverse-pityriasis-rosea

  Inverse pityriasis rosea is an atypical type of pityriasis rosea. […] The exact cause of inverse pityriasis rosea is unclear. However, some possible causes of, and triggers for, pityriasis rosea include: viral infections, such as: herpesviruses 6 and 7, H1N1 influenza A, COVID-19. […] Although the exact cause of inverse pityriasis rosea is unclear, it may develop in response to a virus, vaccine, or medication.

• #30 Pityriasis Rosea (Christmas Tree Rash): Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17729-pityriasis-rosea

  Pityriasis rosea is a common condition that causes discolored patches on your skin. A virus may cause pityriasis rosea, but experts aren’t sure. […] Healthcare experts believe herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), HHV-7 and/or HHV-8 cause pityriasis rosea, but there aren’t any conclusive studies. […] Studies show that some skin conditions may appear with COVID-19, including pityriasis rosea. However, the studies don’t conclusively prove that COVID-19 causes pityriasis rosea. […] However, no one knows what causes pityriasis rosea, though healthcare experts think a virus might be responsible.

• #31 Pityriasis rosea – DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/pityriasis-rosea

  Pityriasis rosea is a self-limiting rash, which resolves in about 610 weeks. […] The exact cause is not known. Viral, bacterial, and non-infective causes have been hypothesised. […] Reports suggested pityriasis rosea may be caused by: Viral infections […] Herpesviruses 6 and 7 (HHV-6/7) have the strongest known association, however studies have not been confirmatory. […] Other viral infections, such as H1N1 influenza A and COVID-19, may also be causative. […] Drug-induced reactions […] Many drugs have been associated, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, hydrochlorothiazide, gold, captopril, atypical antipsychotics barbiturates, D-penicillamine, imatinib, metronidazole, isotretinoin, clozapine, and clonidine. […] Vaccines […] Pityriasis rosea may be triggered by the Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), H1N1, diphtheria, smallpox, hepatitis B, Pneumococcus, and COVID-19 vaccines.

• #32 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Causes-of-Pityriasis-Rosea.aspx

  The exact cause of this condition is still unknown. There are certain factors that lead to the belief that this may be caused by a viral infection. […] Some studies have suggested that a virus may be causing pityriasis rosea. When seen under an electron microscope viral changes and virus particles have been noticed. However, blood tests for antibodies against the viruses or special tests like polymerase chain reaction for viruses have not been positive to pinpoint a specific virus causing the condition. […] Some studies have implicated Human Herpes Virus 6 and 7 in causation of pityriasis rosea. Other infections that need to be considered as causative agents of this condition include Legionella pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumonia. However, these have not been proved. […] Studies have suggested that some drugs may lead to drug-induced pityriasis rosea.

• #33 Pityriasis Rosea | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2004/0101/p87.html

  Chlamydia pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae also have been suggested as potential infectious agents in pityriasis rosea. However, the results of a small prospective case-control study did not show a significant rise in antibodies to these bacteria when affected patients were compared with matched control patients.

• #34 Pityriasis Rosea | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2004/0101/p87.html

  Chlamydia pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae also have been suggested as potential infectious agents in pityriasis rosea. However, the results of a small prospective case-control study did not show a significant rise in antibodies to these bacteria when affected patients were compared with matched control patients.

• #35 Pityriasis Rosea: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1107532-overview

  Pityriasis rosea may result from infectious agents, pharmaceuticals, or immunizations. […] An infectious etiology for pityriasis rosea (PR) has been sought for many years. It has been suggested that the condition is precipitated by a viral agent. […] Some initial reports using PCR analysis suggested a role for human herpesvirus (HHV)-7 and HHV-6, but subsequent studies have not been confirmatory. […] Some investigators have suggested that a fungal infection is a more likely cause of pityriasis rosea than a viral infection is. However, no fungus has been isolated as a definite causal agent. […] Vaccine-induced pityriasis rosea and pityriasis rosea-like eruptions have been linked with vaccinations for smallpox, tuberculosis, influenza, papillomavirus, polio, tetanus, diphtheria, pneumococcal, diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus, hepatitis B, and yellow fever, and more recently with the Moderna mRNA-1273 and other COVID-19 vaccines.

• #36 How Does A Person Get Pityriasis Rosea? Symptoms & Treatment

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/how_does_a_person_get_pityriasis_rosea/article_em.htm

  Pityriasis rosea is a common and harmless rash that lasts about 6 to 8 weeks. […] The cause of pityriasis rosea is unknown. It is thought it may be caused by a virus. One theory is that it is a reactivation of herpes viruses 6 and 7, and another theory is that the influenza virus H1N1 is a possible cause. […] Other experts have suggested a fungal infection is a more likely cause of pityriasis rosea than a viral infection, but this has not been proven. […] Stress may also increase the occurrence of lesions.

• #37 Pityriasis Rosea: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1107532-overview

  Pityriasis rosealike eruptions can also occur in association with many drugs (eg, acetylsalicylic acid, barbiturates, bismuth, captopril, clonidine, gold, imatinib, isotretinoin, ketotifen, levamisole, metronidazole, omeprazole, D-penicillamine, and terbinafine), as well as certain vaccines (eg, bacille Calmette-Gurin [BCG], human papilloma virus, and diphtheria). […] Pityriasis rosealike drug eruptions may be difficult to distinguish from nondrug-induced cases.

• #38 Pityriasis rosea – DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/pityriasis-rosea

  Pityriasis rosea is a self-limiting rash, which resolves in about 610 weeks. […] The exact cause is not known. Viral, bacterial, and non-infective causes have been hypothesised. […] Reports suggested pityriasis rosea may be caused by: Viral infections […] Herpesviruses 6 and 7 (HHV-6/7) have the strongest known association, however studies have not been confirmatory. […] Other viral infections, such as H1N1 influenza A and COVID-19, may also be causative. […] Drug-induced reactions […] Many drugs have been associated, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, hydrochlorothiazide, gold, captopril, atypical antipsychotics barbiturates, D-penicillamine, imatinib, metronidazole, isotretinoin, clozapine, and clonidine. […] Vaccines […] Pityriasis rosea may be triggered by the Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), H1N1, diphtheria, smallpox, hepatitis B, Pneumococcus, and COVID-19 vaccines.

• #39 Pityriasis Rosea – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448091/

  The exact cause of PR is unknown; however, features like seasonal variation and community clustering suggest that it has an infection-based origin. Infections from viruses, bacteria, and spirochetes, as well as noninfective causes like atopy and autoimmunity, are known causes of PR. […] Upper respiratory tract infections that precede PR suggest that streptococcus plays a role in developing this condition. Recently, reactivation of latent human herpesvirus (HHV)-6 and HHV-7 infections have been identified as possible etiologic agents. […] PR-like eruptions have been reported after vaccinations, such as bacillus Calmette-Gurin (BCG), influenza, influenza A (H1N1), diphtheria, smallpox, hepatitis B, pneumococcus, and COVID-19. […] Eruptions have also been seen after administration of drugs like gold compounds, captopril, barbiturates, D-penicillamine, clonidine, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, hydrochlorothiazide, atypical antipsychotics, imatinib, metronidazole, isotretinoin, and clozapine. […] In temperate regions, PR is more common in the winter, whereas in tropical areas, some seasonal variation is noted.

• #40 Pityriasis Rosea: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1107532-overview

  Pityriasis rosealike eruptions can also occur in association with many drugs (eg, acetylsalicylic acid, barbiturates, bismuth, captopril, clonidine, gold, imatinib, isotretinoin, ketotifen, levamisole, metronidazole, omeprazole, D-penicillamine, and terbinafine), as well as certain vaccines (eg, bacille Calmette-Gurin [BCG], human papilloma virus, and diphtheria). […] Pityriasis rosealike drug eruptions may be difficult to distinguish from nondrug-induced cases.

• #41 Pityriasis Rosea: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1107532-overview

  Pityriasis rosealike eruptions can also occur in association with many drugs (eg, acetylsalicylic acid, barbiturates, bismuth, captopril, clonidine, gold, imatinib, isotretinoin, ketotifen, levamisole, metronidazole, omeprazole, D-penicillamine, and terbinafine), as well as certain vaccines (eg, bacille Calmette-Gurin [BCG], human papilloma virus, and diphtheria). […] Pityriasis rosealike drug eruptions may be difficult to distinguish from nondrug-induced cases.

• #42 Pityriasis Rosea – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448091/

  The exact cause of PR is unknown; however, features like seasonal variation and community clustering suggest that it has an infection-based origin. Infections from viruses, bacteria, and spirochetes, as well as noninfective causes like atopy and autoimmunity, are known causes of PR. […] Upper respiratory tract infections that precede PR suggest that streptococcus plays a role in developing this condition. Recently, reactivation of latent human herpesvirus (HHV)-6 and HHV-7 infections have been identified as possible etiologic agents. […] PR-like eruptions have been reported after vaccinations, such as bacillus Calmette-Gurin (BCG), influenza, influenza A (H1N1), diphtheria, smallpox, hepatitis B, pneumococcus, and COVID-19. […] Eruptions have also been seen after administration of drugs like gold compounds, captopril, barbiturates, D-penicillamine, clonidine, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, hydrochlorothiazide, atypical antipsychotics, imatinib, metronidazole, isotretinoin, and clozapine. […] In temperate regions, PR is more common in the winter, whereas in tropical areas, some seasonal variation is noted.

• #43 Pityriasis rosea – DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/pityriasis-rosea

  Pityriasis rosea is a self-limiting rash, which resolves in about 610 weeks. […] The exact cause is not known. Viral, bacterial, and non-infective causes have been hypothesised. […] Reports suggested pityriasis rosea may be caused by: Viral infections […] Herpesviruses 6 and 7 (HHV-6/7) have the strongest known association, however studies have not been confirmatory. […] Other viral infections, such as H1N1 influenza A and COVID-19, may also be causative. […] Drug-induced reactions […] Many drugs have been associated, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, hydrochlorothiazide, gold, captopril, atypical antipsychotics barbiturates, D-penicillamine, imatinib, metronidazole, isotretinoin, clozapine, and clonidine. […] Vaccines […] Pityriasis rosea may be triggered by the Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), H1N1, diphtheria, smallpox, hepatitis B, Pneumococcus, and COVID-19 vaccines.

• #44 Pityriasis Rosea: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1107532-overview

  Pityriasis rosea may result from infectious agents, pharmaceuticals, or immunizations. […] An infectious etiology for pityriasis rosea (PR) has been sought for many years. It has been suggested that the condition is precipitated by a viral agent. […] Some initial reports using PCR analysis suggested a role for human herpesvirus (HHV)-7 and HHV-6, but subsequent studies have not been confirmatory. […] Some investigators have suggested that a fungal infection is a more likely cause of pityriasis rosea than a viral infection is. However, no fungus has been isolated as a definite causal agent. […] Vaccine-induced pityriasis rosea and pityriasis rosea-like eruptions have been linked with vaccinations for smallpox, tuberculosis, influenza, papillomavirus, polio, tetanus, diphtheria, pneumococcal, diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus, hepatitis B, and yellow fever, and more recently with the Moderna mRNA-1273 and other COVID-19 vaccines.

• #45 Pityriasis Rosea: An Update on Etiopathogenesis and Management of Difficult Aspects

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4966395/

  Pityriasis rosea (PR) probably has an infective etiology. […] Numerous hypotheses have been postulated about the exact cause of PR, incriminating both infective agents such as viruses, bacteria, spirochetes, and noninfective etiologies such as atopy and autoimmunity. […] There are various factors which have pointed toward an infectious etiology for this condition such as seasonal variations, presence of a prodrome, familial clustering in some cases and presence of herald patch (which may be correlated with the inoculation point of organism) followed by the secondary eruption and infrequent recurrences. […] Recently, there is an increasing evidence to suggest the role of human herpes virus (HHV) in PR. […] In light of the above studies, HHV 6 and 7 are the most likely etiologic agents for PR and further studies should be targeted toward establishing their definite role.

• #46 Pityriasis rosea – An update – Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology

  https://ijdvl.com/pityriasis-rosea-an-update/

  Recent controversies on the etiology, diagnosis and treatment have led to increased interest in pityriasis rosea (PR). […] Despite active labor for nearly one and a half century by generations of researchers, the etiology of pityriasis rosea (PR) fails to be demystified. […] PR has long been suspected to have an infectious, mainly viral, etiology because of a distinct clinical course akin to those of viral exanthems. […] Recent controversy is centered on the association of PR with HHV-7 infection. […] There is convincing evidence that PR is not associated with cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, parvovirus B19, picornavirus, influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, Chlamydia pneumoniae, C. trachomatis, Legionella longbeachae, L. micdadei, L. pneumophila, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections. […] The role of autoimmunity in PR warrants further investigations.

• #47 Pityriasis rosea // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/pityriasis-rosea

  The exact cause of pityriasis rosea is unclear. It might be triggered by an infection with a virus, particularly by certain strains of the herpes virus. But it’s not related to the herpes virus that causes cold sores. Pityriasis rosea isn’t contagious. […] Having family members with pityriasis rosea increases your risk of developing the condition. Taking certain medicines may increase the risk of this condition as well. Examples include terbinafine, isotretinoin, omeprazole, gold, arsenic and barbiturates.

• #48 Pityriasis Rosea | Symptoms, Causes, Treatment | Cumberland Skin

  https://www.cumberlandskin.com/conditions/pityriasis-rosea

  Pityriasis rosea’s exact cause is unclear, but it’s considered a viral infection. […] There is a potential association with a herpesvirus; however, the exact virus responsible has not been identified. It is not contagious and unrelated to fungal or bacterial infections. […] Factors like genetics and the environment may contribute to this condition as well.

• #49 How Does A Person Get Pityriasis Rosea? Symptoms & Treatment

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/how_does_a_person_get_pityriasis_rosea/article_em.htm

  Pityriasis rosea is a common and harmless rash that lasts about 6 to 8 weeks. […] The cause of pityriasis rosea is unknown. It is thought it may be caused by a virus. One theory is that it is a reactivation of herpes viruses 6 and 7, and another theory is that the influenza virus H1N1 is a possible cause. […] Other experts have suggested a fungal infection is a more likely cause of pityriasis rosea than a viral infection, but this has not been proven. […] Stress may also increase the occurrence of lesions.

• #50 Pityriasis Rosea. Causes and treatment pityriasis rosea.

  https://patient.info/childrens-health/viral-skin-infections-leaflet/pityriasis-rosea

  Pityriasis rosea is a self-limiting rash that can occur both in adults and in children. […] Its exact cause is unknown. No germ (bacterium, virus, or fungus) has been found in people with the rash. However, certain types of human herpes viruses may be a part of the cause. […] The exact cause for pityriasis rosea is not yet known but so far no association between pityriasis rosea and stress has been found.

• #51 Pityriasis rosea | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/pityriasis-rosea

  Pityriasis rosea is a skin rash caused by a virus. […] Pityriasis rosea is caused by a viral infection. The virus has recently been identified as one of the herpes viruses. […] Children and young adults are more susceptible, for reasons unknown. Recurrences are rare – a person who develops the skin rash has only a two per cent chance of experiencing it again.

• #52 Pityriasis Rosea – Dermatology Group of The Carolinas

  https://dermgroup.org/pityriasis-rosea/

  Pityriasis rosea is associated with reactivation of herpesviruses 6 and 7 (which cause the rash called roseola in infants). […] Viral infections such an upper respiratory infection, vaccines, and medications can trigger pityriasis rosea to develop, but many patients are often asymptomatic. […] Second attacks of pityriasis rosea are uncommon (13%), but may occur years later.

• #53 Pityriasis Rosea Recurrence is Much Higher than Previously Known: A Prospective Study | HTML | Acta Dermato-Venereologica

  https://www.medicaljournals.se/acta/content/html/10.2340/00015555-3169

  Pityriasis rosea is a common acute exanthema of unknown aetiology, which causes severe anxiety. […] Despite this fact, infectious agents are considered responsible for the pathogenesis of PR, with the most implicated infectious factors being human herpes virus (HHV)-6 and HHV-7. […] The aetiology of PR has not yet been fully elucidated. Due to its seasonal predominance and epidemic incidence in the community, viral, bacterial and fungal infective agents are considered to be responsible for this papulosquamous disease, but non-infective aetiologic agents, such as atopy, autoimmunity and certain drugs have also been implicated. […] Although the reason for the recurrences is not yet fully understood, there are some reports demonstrating PR recurrence after an upper respiratory tract infection, hepatitis B and influenza A (H1N1) vaccines, and HHV6 and 7 reactivation. […] It is considered that the incidence of PR recurrence is actually greater than reported in the literature probably because patients attend a different health centre when the disease relapses or do not visit a doctor at all due to the milder severity of the recurrent disease.

• #54 Pityriasis Rosea Recurrence is Much Higher than Previously Known: A Prospective Study | HTML | Acta Dermato-Venereologica

  https://www.medicaljournals.se/acta/content/html/10.2340/00015555-3169

  Pityriasis rosea is a common acute exanthema of unknown aetiology, which causes severe anxiety. […] Despite this fact, infectious agents are considered responsible for the pathogenesis of PR, with the most implicated infectious factors being human herpes virus (HHV)-6 and HHV-7. […] The aetiology of PR has not yet been fully elucidated. Due to its seasonal predominance and epidemic incidence in the community, viral, bacterial and fungal infective agents are considered to be responsible for this papulosquamous disease, but non-infective aetiologic agents, such as atopy, autoimmunity and certain drugs have also been implicated. […] Although the reason for the recurrences is not yet fully understood, there are some reports demonstrating PR recurrence after an upper respiratory tract infection, hepatitis B and influenza A (H1N1) vaccines, and HHV6 and 7 reactivation. […] It is considered that the incidence of PR recurrence is actually greater than reported in the literature probably because patients attend a different health centre when the disease relapses or do not visit a doctor at all due to the milder severity of the recurrent disease.

• #55 Pityriasis Rosea: An Update on Etiopathogenesis and Management of Difficult Aspects

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4966395/

  The exact etiology is not known but it is postulated that like other HHV viruses (varicella zoster virus and Epstein-Barr virus) which are associated with reactivation; reactivation of HHV6 and 7 (postulated in etiopathogenesis of PR) may be responsible for recurrent episodes. […] Although lot is known about PR, there are still a lot of gray areas which need to be addressed in future studies. Through this article, we have tried to bring together the literature published for the same. We conclude that viral etiology is probably the most likely cause of PR, and thus, antivirals should be given in early stages of PR itself.

• #56 Pityriasis Rosea: An Update on Etiopathogenesis and Management of Difficult Aspects

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4966395/

  The exact etiology is not known but it is postulated that like other HHV viruses (varicella zoster virus and Epstein-Barr virus) which are associated with reactivation; reactivation of HHV6 and 7 (postulated in etiopathogenesis of PR) may be responsible for recurrent episodes. […] Although lot is known about PR, there are still a lot of gray areas which need to be addressed in future studies. Through this article, we have tried to bring together the literature published for the same. We conclude that viral etiology is probably the most likely cause of PR, and thus, antivirals should be given in early stages of PR itself.

• #57 Pityriasis Rosea – Dermatologic Disorders – MSD Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/dermatologic-disorders/psoriasis-and-scaling-diseases/pityriasis-rosea

  Pityriasis rosea may be viral infection (some research has implicated human herpesviruses 6, 7, and 8) (1, 2). […] Pityriasis rosea is a self-limited, inflammatory disorder of the skin possibly caused by human herpesvirus types 6, 7, or 8 or medications. […] Pityriasis rosea during the first 15 weeks of pregnancy is associated with premature birth or fetal demise. […] Pregnant women should be offered antiviral therapy, even though this has not proved to reduce obstetric complications.

• #58 Pityriasis rosea – Dermatology Advisor

  https://www.dermatologyadvisor.com/home/decision-support-in-medicine/dermatology/pityriasis-rosea/

  Pityriasis rosea is an acute, self-limited exanthem characterized classically by the eruption of a well-circumscribed, pink, oval, scaling patch, or herald patch that is usually several centimeters in diameter. […] The pathogenesis of pityriasis rosea is poorly understood. However, given the nature of the disease to occur in outbreaks and its low rate of reoccurrence, it is believed there is an infectious agent responsible for the disease that has not been identified. […] To date, evidence suggests that human herpes virus 6 (HHV-6) or Human Herpes Virus 7 (HHV-7) may possibly play a role in its pathogenesis; however, this is still controversial. […] Several medications have been reported to cause a pityriasis rosea-like reaction including: anti-hypertensives, antipsychotics, biological agents, antiepileptics, antibiotic/antifungals, metals, and other agents.

• #59 Pityriasis rosea – Dermatology Advisor

  https://www.dermatologyadvisor.com/home/decision-support-in-medicine/dermatology/pityriasis-rosea/

  Pityriasis rosea may possibly be associated with an atopic diathesis and may coincide with a number of internal disorders, particularly neurological disorders. […] Pityriasis rosea-like eruptions have been reported with several neoplasms, T-cell lymphomas, Hodgkin disease, and bone marrow transplantation.

• #60 Pityriasis Rosea: An Update on Etiopathogenesis and Management of Difficult Aspects

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4966395/

  The exact etiology is not known but it is postulated that like other HHV viruses (varicella zoster virus and Epstein-Barr virus) which are associated with reactivation; reactivation of HHV6 and 7 (postulated in etiopathogenesis of PR) may be responsible for recurrent episodes. […] Although lot is known about PR, there are still a lot of gray areas which need to be addressed in future studies. Through this article, we have tried to bring together the literature published for the same. We conclude that viral etiology is probably the most likely cause of PR, and thus, antivirals should be given in early stages of PR itself.

• #61 Pityriasis rosea – An update – Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology

  https://ijdvl.com/pityriasis-rosea-an-update/

  Recent controversies on the etiology, diagnosis and treatment have led to increased interest in pityriasis rosea (PR). […] Despite active labor for nearly one and a half century by generations of researchers, the etiology of pityriasis rosea (PR) fails to be demystified. […] PR has long been suspected to have an infectious, mainly viral, etiology because of a distinct clinical course akin to those of viral exanthems. […] Recent controversy is centered on the association of PR with HHV-7 infection. […] There is convincing evidence that PR is not associated with cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, parvovirus B19, picornavirus, influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, Chlamydia pneumoniae, C. trachomatis, Legionella longbeachae, L. micdadei, L. pneumophila, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections. […] The role of autoimmunity in PR warrants further investigations.

• #62 Pityriasis rosea: Causes

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/pityriasis-rosea-causes

  What causes pityriasis rosea? […] Its likely caused by a virus. Dermatologists have found human herpesviruses in the rash, blood, and saliva of people who have pityriasis rosea. […] The ones found in people with pityriasis rosea are human herpesviruses 6 and 7. […] Its possible that people get pityriasis rosea when their immune system lets down its guard, which allows the viruses to travel around the body and reproduce. […] While the strongest evidence points to herpesviruses as the cause, more research is needed to find out whats happening. Other causes have been suggested. These include another type of virus and bacteria.

• #63 Pityriasis Rosea: An Update on Etiopathogenesis and Management of Difficult Aspects

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4966395/

  Pityriasis rosea (PR) probably has an infective etiology. […] Numerous hypotheses have been postulated about the exact cause of PR, incriminating both infective agents such as viruses, bacteria, spirochetes, and noninfective etiologies such as atopy and autoimmunity. […] There are various factors which have pointed toward an infectious etiology for this condition such as seasonal variations, presence of a prodrome, familial clustering in some cases and presence of herald patch (which may be correlated with the inoculation point of organism) followed by the secondary eruption and infrequent recurrences. […] Recently, there is an increasing evidence to suggest the role of human herpes virus (HHV) in PR. […] In light of the above studies, HHV 6 and 7 are the most likely etiologic agents for PR and further studies should be targeted toward establishing their definite role.

• #64 Pityriasis Rosea: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2018/0101/p38.html

  Pityriasis rosea is a common self-limiting rash that usually starts with a herald patch on the trunk and progresses along the Langer lines to a generalized rash over the trunk and limbs. […] The epidemiology and clinical course of pityriasis rosea suggest an infectious etiology. […] A viral etiology was proposed after intranuclear and intracytoplasmic virus-like particles were observed by microscopy. […] The most common viruses linked to pityriasis rosea are human herpesvirus-6 and -7 (HHV-6 and -7). […] However, the studies linking HHV-6 and -7 with pityriasis rosea are conflicting and small. […] Early polymerase chain reaction studies did not detect active viral DNA in patients with pityriasis rosea, despite their having positive antibodies to HHV-6 and -7. […] A later study using a calibrated quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay found active HHV-6 and -7 in plasma and skin samples. […] Serologic studies have been of limited value because of their inability to determine acute vs. previous infection.

• #65 Pityriasis rosea – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pityriasis-rosea/symptoms-causes/syc-20376405

  Pityriasis rosea is a rash that often begins as an oval spot on the face, chest, abdomen or back. […] The exact cause of pityriasis rosea is unclear. It might be triggered by an infection with a virus, particularly by certain strains of the herpes virus. But it’s not related to the herpes virus that causes cold sores. Pityriasis rosea isn’t contagious.

• #66 Pityriasis rosea

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/pityriasis-rosea/

  The exact cause of pityriasis rosea is not known. It may be caused by a virus. […] Pityriasis rosea cannot spread from person to person.

• #67 Pityriasis rosea

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/pityriasis-rosea/

  It is not known what causes pityriasis rosea. One theory is that the rash may be caused by a viral infection. […] Pityriasis rosea is not contagious. It cannot be spread to other people by physical contact.

• #68 Pityriasis Rosea | University Hospitals

  https://www.uhhospitals.org/health-information/health-and-wellness-library/article/diseases-and-conditions/pityriasis-rosea

  Researchers arent sure about the cause of pityriasis rosea. But it may be caused by a virus or bacteria. Some people may have a cold before the rash. […] Researchers dont know how to prevent pityriasis rosea.

• #69 Pityriasis rosea: FAQs

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/pityriasis-rosea-overview

  While the exact cause remains unknown, research suggests that a virus causes this skin condition. […] We know that some people get pityriasis rosea after theyve had an illness caused by a virus. […] It’s also possible to develop a rash that looks like pityriasis rosea after you take a medication or get a vaccine. This rash isnt pityriasis rosea. Its caused by a reaction to the medication or vaccine. […] Because we dont know the exact cause, you cannot prevent this skin condition.

• #70 Pityriasis Rosea: Causes, Symptoms, Stages, & Treatment

  https://www.medicinenet.com/pityriasis_rosea/article.htm

  Pityriasis rosea is a common viral infection that usually affects individuals between 10 and 35 years of age. […] The exact cause of pityriasis rosea remains unknown. Most recently, pityriasis rosea has been associated most strongly with a virus from the human herpes family called human herpesvirus-6 and/or 7 (HHV-6, HHV-7). […] While the mode of transmission (how it gets passed between people) of pityriasis rosea is also unknown, respiratory contact has been postulated. […] There is no definitive prevention for pityriasis rosea, as the cause is not yet fully known.

• #71 Pityriasis Rosea | Bryn Mawr | Bryn Mawr Skin & Cancer Institute

  https://www.cirilloinstitute.com/medical-dermatology/dermatology-conditions/pityriasis-rosea/

  The underlying cause of pityriasis rosea has not been definitively determined. Recent studies have suggested that pityriasis rosea is linked to a viral infection with certain types of the herpes virus. […] Pityriasis rosea is seen most frequently in older children and young adults between the ages of 10 to 35, but anyone can have this condition.

• #72 Pityriasis rosea Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/pityriasis-rosea

  Pityriasis rosea is believed to be caused by a virus. It occurs most often in the fall and spring. […] Although pityriasis rosea may occur in more than one person in a household at a time, it is not thought to spread from one person to another. Females seem to be more affected than males.

• #73 Pityriasis rosea | EBSCO Research Starters

  https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/consumer-health/pityriasis-rosea

  Pityriasis rosea is a skin disorder characterized by a distinct rash, primarily affecting children and young adults, especially females. […] The exact cause remains unclear, though it is believed to be linked to viral infections. […] CAUSES: Unknown; possibly exposures to viruses. […] The exact cause of this exanthem (eruptive disease) is not known, but it is believed to result from exposure to various viruses. […] Most patients appear to have a positive recent history of or an upper respiratory tract infection.

• #74 Gibert’s pityriasis rosea: What it Is and How to Treat It – GSD – a group of clinics in Italy

  https://www.gsdinternational.com/news/gibert-s-pityriasis-rosea-what-it-is-and-how-to-treat-it

  Giberts pityriasis rosea is a fairly common skin disease that occurs most frequently in autumn and spring. […] The exact cause of pityriasis rosea remains unknown. However, a viral infection involving certain herpes viruses—specifically human herpesvirus 6 and 7—may be responsible. […] In certain cases, such as during the first 15 weeks of pregnancy, pityriasis rosea may lead to complications and increase the risk of miscarriage.

• #75 Pityriasis Rosea – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448091/

  The exact cause of PR is unknown; however, features like seasonal variation and community clustering suggest that it has an infection-based origin. Infections from viruses, bacteria, and spirochetes, as well as noninfective causes like atopy and autoimmunity, are known causes of PR. […] Upper respiratory tract infections that precede PR suggest that streptococcus plays a role in developing this condition. Recently, reactivation of latent human herpesvirus (HHV)-6 and HHV-7 infections have been identified as possible etiologic agents. […] PR-like eruptions have been reported after vaccinations, such as bacillus Calmette-Gurin (BCG), influenza, influenza A (H1N1), diphtheria, smallpox, hepatitis B, pneumococcus, and COVID-19. […] Eruptions have also been seen after administration of drugs like gold compounds, captopril, barbiturates, D-penicillamine, clonidine, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, hydrochlorothiazide, atypical antipsychotics, imatinib, metronidazole, isotretinoin, and clozapine. […] In temperate regions, PR is more common in the winter, whereas in tropical areas, some seasonal variation is noted.

• #76 Pityriasis Rosea | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2004/0101/p87.html

  Pityriasis rosea is a common, acute exanthem of uncertain etiology. Viral and bacterial causes have been sought, but convincing answers have not yet been found. […] Although the etiology of pityriasis rosea is unclear, several factors indicate an infectious cause. First, outbreaks of the condition occur in clusters, suggesting that an infectious agent is circulating within a community. Second, recurrence of pityriasis rosea outside the acute phase is rare, suggesting that there is long-lasting immunity after the infection. Third, up to 69 percent of patients with pityriasis rosea have a prodromal illness before the herald patch appears. Finally, some patients with pityriasis rosea show an increase in B lymphocytes, a decrease in T lymphocytes, and an elevated sedimentation rate. […] Unfortunately, even though electron microscopy shows some viral changes and possible viral particles, antibody and polymerase chain reaction tests for known viruses have failed to identify an offending virus. The results of one study showed elevated levels of human herpesvirus 7 in patients with pityriasis rosea. However, subsequent study results showed no consistent increase of human herpesvirus 7 levels in affected patients compared with control patients. Furthermore, human herpesvirus 7 infection is common in childhood, and the virus is prone to reactivation. Several other viruses have been examined, but none has been found to be causative.

• #77 Pityriasis Rosea | Cigna

  https://www.cigna.com/knowledge-center/hw/medical-topics/pityriasis-rosea-tr6164spec

  Pityriasis rosea is usually harmless. […] Experts aren’t sure what causes pityriasis rosea. Unlike many other skin conditions, it is not an allergic reaction or caused by a fungus or bacteria. It may be caused by a virus. […] The rash does not appear to spread from person to person.

• #78 Pityriasis rosea: Symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/318281

  No one knows what causes pityriasis rosea. According to the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD), it is not an allergy, and fungi and bacteria do not cause it. […] One theory suggests that a viral infection, such as herpes viruses 6 and 7 causes the rash. However, unlike other illnesses caused by viruses, pityriasis rosea cannot transfer to other people through physical contact. In rare cases, the rash develops as a side effect of some drugs.

• #79 Pityriasis Rosea: An Update on Etiopathogenesis and Management of Difficult Aspects

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4966395/

  The exact etiology is not known but it is postulated that like other HHV viruses (varicella zoster virus and Epstein-Barr virus) which are associated with reactivation; reactivation of HHV6 and 7 (postulated in etiopathogenesis of PR) may be responsible for recurrent episodes. […] Although lot is known about PR, there are still a lot of gray areas which need to be addressed in future studies. Through this article, we have tried to bring together the literature published for the same. We conclude that viral etiology is probably the most likely cause of PR, and thus, antivirals should be given in early stages of PR itself.

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