Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Chronic subdural hematoma epidemiology [Neurosurgery Education Wiki]

  https://neurosurgery.education/wiki/doku.php?id=chronic_subdural_hematoma_epidemiology

  As the world population becomes progressively older, the increasing incidence of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) will be a burden to patients and a future challenge for neurosurgical clinics. […] The incidence of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) ranges from 1.72 to 20.6 per 100,000 persons per year. […] CSDH is projected to become the most common cranial neurosurgical condition among adults by the year 2030. […] A steady increase in the incidence of CSDH has been also observed in developing countries due to the rise in life expectancy. […] The total of 64 cases gives an incidence of 1.72/100,000/year in the average population, the incidence increasing steeply with advancing age up to 7.35/100,000/year in the age groups 70-79 years. […] The overall incidence of CSDH was 20.6/100,000/year, with 76.5 in the age group of 70-79 y.o. and 127.1 in the over 80 y.o. group. […] Compared to previous reports, this study demonstrates a marked increase in the incidence of CSDH.

• #2 Chronic Subdural Hematoma: Epidemiology and Natural History – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28325454/

  This article discusses the epidemiology and natural history of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH), a common disease prevalent in the elderly population. The incidence of CSDH ranges from 1.72 to 20.6 per 100,000 persons per year. Risk factors include advancing age, male gender, and antiplatelet or anticoagulant use. […] The recurrence of CSDH and nonsurgical predictive factors are described in detail to provide a comprehensive understanding of the outcome of this disease.

• #3 Evidence-Based Treatment of Chronic Subdural Hematoma | IntechOpen

  https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/46053

  Chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) is one of the most frequent neurosurgical entities caused by head trauma. […] The incidence of cSDH is estimated at 1.7-18 per 100000 people, rising up to 58 per 100000 people in patients above the age of 65. […] As the population continues to mature, incidence is expected to double by the year 2030. […] A large demographic study found the prevalence of cSDH in patients older than 65 to be significantly higher (69% vs. 31%). […] In addition, men are more frequently affected than women (64% vs. 33%). […] The reported recurrence rates range from 2.3% to 33%. […] The most common risk factors are: advanced age, alcohol abuse, seizures, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunts, coagulopathies, blood thinners, and patients at risk for falling (e.g. hemiplegia). […] cSDH remains one of the most frequent diagnoses in neurosurgical practice.

• #4 Predictors of recurrence of chronic subdural haematoma in a cohort study of patients presenting in a sub-Saharan African teaching hospital | BMC Neurology | Full Text

  https://bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12883-022-02857-1

  Chronic subdural haematoma (CSDH) is a common neurological condition affecting the elderly with decreased quality of life. Recurrence leads to increase in number of hospital admissions and surgical interventions. Several factors contribute to recurrence of chronic subdural haematoma, and determination of these factors will help institute measures to reduce recurrence of CSDH, cost of care and improved quality of life. The aim of this study was to determine the predictors of recurrence of chronic subdural haematoma in a cohort of patients presenting in a Sub-Saharan African Teaching Hospital. […] The incidence of chronic subdural haematoma is 58/100,000 in those aged above 65years. CSDH is a major cause of neurological morbidity and mortality. […] In a systematic review and meta-analysis of radiological prognostic factors of chronic subdural hematoma, recurrence was reported to be 14.4%. Many factors are cited as determinants of recurrence following evacuation of haematoma.

• #5 Chronic Subdural Hematoma (25.03.2022)

  https://di.aerzteblatt.de/int/archive/article/224169

  Chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) is most common in the elderly. Its incidence seems to be rising as the population ages (1), but it varies (1.72 to 20.6 per 100 000 persons/year [2, 3]) as a function of multiple factors, including sex (male predominance) and age distribution. For example, a Finnish study (1) revealed a marked effect of age on incidence (1), with an increase from 18.2/100 000 in the seventh decade to 52.1/100 000 in the eighth, 130.3/100 000 in the ninth, and 125/100 000 in persons aged 90 and older (study period: 20112015). The rising use of antithrombotics also seems to favor the development of cSDH (4, 5); according to a case-control study, both anticoagulants and platelet inhibitors increase the risk of cSDH (6). […] The optimal management of antithrombotic medication remains an unresolved issue (12): medications are often discontinued for fear of acute bleeding and an increased risk of recurrence. There is still no generally accepted scheme for managing antithrombotic drugs in patients with cSDH, who often suffer from multiple comorbidities; uncertainty arises from the trade-off of opposing risks (thrombotic complications versus cSDH recurrence or acute bleeding into a cSDH) (12,17).

• #6 Chronic subdural hematoma epidemiology [Neurosurgery Education Wiki]

  https://neurosurgery.education/wiki/doku.php?id=chronic_subdural_hematoma_epidemiology

  As the world population becomes progressively older, the increasing incidence of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) will be a burden to patients and a future challenge for neurosurgical clinics. […] The incidence of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) ranges from 1.72 to 20.6 per 100,000 persons per year. […] CSDH is projected to become the most common cranial neurosurgical condition among adults by the year 2030. […] A steady increase in the incidence of CSDH has been also observed in developing countries due to the rise in life expectancy. […] The total of 64 cases gives an incidence of 1.72/100,000/year in the average population, the incidence increasing steeply with advancing age up to 7.35/100,000/year in the age groups 70-79 years. […] The overall incidence of CSDH was 20.6/100,000/year, with 76.5 in the age group of 70-79 y.o. and 127.1 in the over 80 y.o. group. […] Compared to previous reports, this study demonstrates a marked increase in the incidence of CSDH.

• #7 The incidence of chronic subdural hematomas from 1990 to 2015 in a defined Finnish population in: Journal of Neurosurgery Volume 132 Issue 4 (2019) Journals

  https://thejns.org/view/journals/j-neurosurg/132/4/article-p1147.xml

  The objective of this study was to determine the population-based epidemiology of CSDH over a 26-year period from 1990 to 2015 in a defined Finnish population. […] The number of patients on antithrombotic medication increased over time (1990-1995, 45/167 [27%]; and 2011-2015, 173/354 [49%]; p = 0.001), mostly due to an increase in anticoagulation. […] The overall incidence of CSDH in adults doubled from 8.2 to 17.6/100,000/year and nearly tripled for those 80 years from 46.9 to 129.5/100,000/year. […] The admission GCS score was 13-15 in most cases, ranging from 86% to 92% across the age groups. […] The number of patients on antithrombotic medications increased over time, from 27% to 49%.

• #8 Subdural Hematoma: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1137207-overview

  Acute SDHs have been reported to occur in 5-25% of patients with severe head injuries, depending on the study. The annual incidence of chronic SDH has been reported to be 1.7-20.6 cases per 100,000 population. […] Subsequent studies have shown a higher incidence, probably because of better imaging techniques, aging population, and use of anticoagulation. […] Overall, SDHs are more common in men than in women, with a male-to-female ratio of approximately 3:1. Men also have a higher incidence of chronic SDH. The male-to-female ratio has been reported to be 2:1. […] The incidence of chronic SDH appears to be highest in the fifth through seventh decades of life. […] Adhesions existing in the subdural space are absent at birth and develop with aging; therefore, bilateral subdural hematomas are more common in infants. Interhemispheric SDHs are often associated with child abuse.

• #9 Evidence-Based Treatment of Chronic Subdural Hematoma | IntechOpen

  https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/46053

  Chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) is one of the most frequent neurosurgical entities caused by head trauma. […] The incidence of cSDH is estimated at 1.7-18 per 100000 people, rising up to 58 per 100000 people in patients above the age of 65. […] As the population continues to mature, incidence is expected to double by the year 2030. […] A large demographic study found the prevalence of cSDH in patients older than 65 to be significantly higher (69% vs. 31%). […] In addition, men are more frequently affected than women (64% vs. 33%). […] The reported recurrence rates range from 2.3% to 33%. […] The most common risk factors are: advanced age, alcohol abuse, seizures, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunts, coagulopathies, blood thinners, and patients at risk for falling (e.g. hemiplegia). […] cSDH remains one of the most frequent diagnoses in neurosurgical practice.

• #10 Subdural hematoma – Knowledge @ AMBOSS

  https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/subdural-hematoma/

  Subdural hematoma (SDH) refers to bleeding into the intracranial subdural space that is typically caused by a rupture of the bridging veins. […] According to the onset of symptoms, SDH can be classified into acute SDH, subacute SDH, and chronic SDH. […] Epidemiological data refers to the US, unless otherwise specified. […] Nontraumatic acute SDH: unknown […] Traumatic acute SDH: seen in approx. 30% of patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) […] Chronic SDH: 213 individuals per 100,000 population […] Sex: (3:1) […] SDH is common in infants and toddlers. […] Acute SDH: more common in younger adults (30-50 years of age) […] Chronic SDH: more common in the elderly, especially individuals older than 70 years of age. […] Individuals at extremes of age (i.e., infants and the elderly) are at an increased risk of developing nontraumatic chronic SDH.

• #11 Subdural hematoma – Knowledge @ AMBOSS

  https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/subdural-hematoma/

  Subdural hematoma (SDH) refers to bleeding into the intracranial subdural space that is typically caused by a rupture of the bridging veins. […] According to the onset of symptoms, SDH can be classified into acute SDH, subacute SDH, and chronic SDH. […] Epidemiological data refers to the US, unless otherwise specified. […] Nontraumatic acute SDH: unknown […] Traumatic acute SDH: seen in approx. 30% of patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) […] Chronic SDH: 213 individuals per 100,000 population […] Sex: (3:1) […] SDH is common in infants and toddlers. […] Acute SDH: more common in younger adults (30-50 years of age) […] Chronic SDH: more common in the elderly, especially individuals older than 70 years of age. […] Individuals at extremes of age (i.e., infants and the elderly) are at an increased risk of developing nontraumatic chronic SDH.

• #12 EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PROGNOSTIC FACTORS IN PATIENTS WITH SUBDURAL HEMATOMA | Miljković | Facta Universitatis, Series: Medicine and Biology

  https://casopisi.junis.ni.ac.rs/index.php/FUMedBiol/article/view/6363

  SDH was first described in 1658 and in 1914 trauma was recognized as one of the causes. […] Acute SDH is more common in younger population while chronic is common in the elderly with the peak of incidence of 7.35/100000 per year in the age group 70-79 years. […] Trauma is one of the main causes of SDH although in 30-50% of patients direct trauma to the head can be omitted. […] Other predisposing factors include: anticoagulant therapy, epilepsy, and hypertension. […] The study includes 267 patients treated in the period from 1.1.2019 to 31.12.2019 at the Clinic for Neurosurgery CCS. […] Men are at higher risk for the occurrence of SDH. […] Factors that can lead us to suspect possible SDH are: age, gender, type of injury, clinical presentation, and time of occurrence.

• #13 Subdural Hematoma: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1137207-overview

  Acute SDHs have been reported to occur in 5-25% of patients with severe head injuries, depending on the study. The annual incidence of chronic SDH has been reported to be 1.7-20.6 cases per 100,000 population. […] Subsequent studies have shown a higher incidence, probably because of better imaging techniques, aging population, and use of anticoagulation. […] Overall, SDHs are more common in men than in women, with a male-to-female ratio of approximately 3:1. Men also have a higher incidence of chronic SDH. The male-to-female ratio has been reported to be 2:1. […] The incidence of chronic SDH appears to be highest in the fifth through seventh decades of life. […] Adhesions existing in the subdural space are absent at birth and develop with aging; therefore, bilateral subdural hematomas are more common in infants. Interhemispheric SDHs are often associated with child abuse.

• #14 Subdural hematoma – Knowledge @ AMBOSS

  https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/subdural-hematoma/

  Subdural hematoma (SDH) refers to bleeding into the intracranial subdural space that is typically caused by a rupture of the bridging veins. […] According to the onset of symptoms, SDH can be classified into acute SDH, subacute SDH, and chronic SDH. […] Epidemiological data refers to the US, unless otherwise specified. […] Nontraumatic acute SDH: unknown […] Traumatic acute SDH: seen in approx. 30% of patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) […] Chronic SDH: 213 individuals per 100,000 population […] Sex: (3:1) […] SDH is common in infants and toddlers. […] Acute SDH: more common in younger adults (30-50 years of age) […] Chronic SDH: more common in the elderly, especially individuals older than 70 years of age. […] Individuals at extremes of age (i.e., infants and the elderly) are at an increased risk of developing nontraumatic chronic SDH.

• #15 Subdural Hematoma – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532970/

  A subdural hematoma is one of the intracranial injuries associated with abusive head trauma (AHT). […] The data for abusive head trauma is more robust in Europe and the United-States than in other geographic areas, with an incidence up to 17 per 100.000 child-years. However, the incidence of subdural hematoma occurring in children less than 2 years reaches close to 13 per 100,000 child-years. The risk of developing a subdural hematoma is higher below the age of one year (1:4761) according to a study in South Wales, England with an incidence reaching up to 21 per 100,000 child-years in this age group. […] Developing countries report similar rates; however, the data is very limited. There is no reported difference in gender for a subdural hematoma in the early stages; however, accidental subdural hematoma caused by trauma in the teenage years favors the male gender.

• #16 Subdural Hematoma – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532970/

  A subdural hematoma is one of the intracranial injuries associated with abusive head trauma (AHT). […] The data for abusive head trauma is more robust in Europe and the United-States than in other geographic areas, with an incidence up to 17 per 100.000 child-years. However, the incidence of subdural hematoma occurring in children less than 2 years reaches close to 13 per 100,000 child-years. The risk of developing a subdural hematoma is higher below the age of one year (1:4761) according to a study in South Wales, England with an incidence reaching up to 21 per 100,000 child-years in this age group. […] Developing countries report similar rates; however, the data is very limited. There is no reported difference in gender for a subdural hematoma in the early stages; however, accidental subdural hematoma caused by trauma in the teenage years favors the male gender.

• #17 Chronic subdural hematoma epidemiology [Neurosurgery Education Wiki]

  https://neurosurgery.education/wiki/doku.php?id=chronic_subdural_hematoma_epidemiology

  As the world population becomes progressively older, the increasing incidence of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) will be a burden to patients and a future challenge for neurosurgical clinics. […] The incidence of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) ranges from 1.72 to 20.6 per 100,000 persons per year. […] CSDH is projected to become the most common cranial neurosurgical condition among adults by the year 2030. […] A steady increase in the incidence of CSDH has been also observed in developing countries due to the rise in life expectancy. […] The total of 64 cases gives an incidence of 1.72/100,000/year in the average population, the incidence increasing steeply with advancing age up to 7.35/100,000/year in the age groups 70-79 years. […] The overall incidence of CSDH was 20.6/100,000/year, with 76.5 in the age group of 70-79 y.o. and 127.1 in the over 80 y.o. group. […] Compared to previous reports, this study demonstrates a marked increase in the incidence of CSDH.

• #18 Epidemiology and Predisposing Factors of Chronic Subdural Hematoma | SpringerLink

  https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-79371-5_8

  The incidence of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is gradually increasing worldwide. […] Many risk factors for the development of CSDH have been described in the literature. […] These factors include old age, direct or indirect head trauma, coagulopathy, and treatment with antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants. […] Patients with high risks for developing a CSDH have to be identified and consequently the diagnosis must be suspected even with mild symptoms. […] The prognosis will depend on the early diagnosis and the administration of prompt appropriate treatment.

• #19 Epidemiology and Predisposing Factors of Chronic Subdural Hematoma | SpringerLink

  https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-79371-5_8

  The incidence of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is gradually increasing worldwide. […] Many risk factors for the development of CSDH have been described in the literature. […] These factors include old age, direct or indirect head trauma, coagulopathy, and treatment with antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants. […] Patients with high risks for developing a CSDH have to be identified and consequently the diagnosis must be suspected even with mild symptoms. […] The prognosis will depend on the early diagnosis and the administration of prompt appropriate treatment.

• #20 A bibliometric analysis of chronic subdural hematoma since the twenty-first century | European Journal of Medical Research | Full Text

  https://eurjmedres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40001-022-00959-7

  Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a common disease that forms between the dura and arachnoid membranes of the brain. The incidence of CSDH ranges from 1.7 to 20.6 per 100000 persons/year. The risk of CSDH seems to be increasing gradually, partly due to the aging population and the increased use of antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents. CSDH is more common in elderly patients who are more susceptible to cerebral atrophy. This increases the incidence of CSDH to 58 per 100,000 persons/year in the age group over 65 years. Since the twenty-first century, significant progress has been made in the field of CSDH, leading to an increase in the number of publications in this field. The number of publications showed a generally increasing trend, involving multiple subject areas, including neurosurgery, cerebrovascular, neurointervention, pathophysiology, and management. The most important category was the evolution of treatment methods. The second major category was concerned with etiology and pathology. According to country analysis, the United States had the highest number of publications, which implied that the USA dominated the field of CSDH research. This bibliometric study first analyzed CSDH-related publications objectively. The results showed that the number of publications has increased since 2000. More collaboration is needed between institutions. […] The authors, institutions and journals that contributed the most to the field of CSDH were Jianning Zhang, Tianjin Medical University, and world neurosurgery, respectively.

• #21 Subdural Hematoma – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532970/

  A subdural hematoma is one of the intracranial injuries associated with abusive head trauma (AHT). […] The data for abusive head trauma is more robust in Europe and the United-States than in other geographic areas, with an incidence up to 17 per 100.000 child-years. However, the incidence of subdural hematoma occurring in children less than 2 years reaches close to 13 per 100,000 child-years. The risk of developing a subdural hematoma is higher below the age of one year (1:4761) according to a study in South Wales, England with an incidence reaching up to 21 per 100,000 child-years in this age group. […] Developing countries report similar rates; however, the data is very limited. There is no reported difference in gender for a subdural hematoma in the early stages; however, accidental subdural hematoma caused by trauma in the teenage years favors the male gender.

• #22 Traumatic Epidural and Subdural Hematoma: Epidemiology, Outcome, and Dating

  https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/57/2/125

  Epidural hematomas (EDHs) and subdural hematomas (SDHs), or so-called extra-axial bleedings, are common clinical entities after a traumatic brain injury (TBI). […] The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the published data in the medical literature, to help medical examiners answer such questions. We mainly focused on the data from the last 15 years and considered the most updated protocols and diagnostic-therapeutic tools. In this study, we review the epidemiology, outcome, and dating of extra-axial hematomas in the adult population; studies on the controversial interdural hematoma are also included. […] According to the literature, SDHs of a traumatic nature affect men more than women, especially aged <50 years. Similarly, EDHs are more frequent in men. [...] SDHs are generally associated with high-energy traumas, especially road accidents.

• #23 Epidemiology and Predisposing Factors of Chronic Subdural Hematoma | SpringerLink

  https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-79371-5_8

  The incidence of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is gradually increasing worldwide. […] Many risk factors for the development of CSDH have been described in the literature. […] These factors include old age, direct or indirect head trauma, coagulopathy, and treatment with antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants. […] Patients with high risks for developing a CSDH have to be identified and consequently the diagnosis must be suspected even with mild symptoms. […] The prognosis will depend on the early diagnosis and the administration of prompt appropriate treatment.

• #24 The incidence of chronic subdural hematomas from 1990 to 2015 in a defined Finnish population in: Journal of Neurosurgery Volume 132 Issue 4 (2019) Journals

  https://thejns.org/view/journals/j-neurosurg/132/4/article-p1147.xml

  The objective of this study was to determine the population-based epidemiology of CSDH over a 26-year period from 1990 to 2015 in a defined Finnish population. […] The number of patients on antithrombotic medication increased over time (1990-1995, 45/167 [27%]; and 2011-2015, 173/354 [49%]; p = 0.001), mostly due to an increase in anticoagulation. […] The overall incidence of CSDH in adults doubled from 8.2 to 17.6/100,000/year and nearly tripled for those 80 years from 46.9 to 129.5/100,000/year. […] The admission GCS score was 13-15 in most cases, ranging from 86% to 92% across the age groups. […] The number of patients on antithrombotic medications increased over time, from 27% to 49%.

• #25 Chronic Subdural Hematoma (25.03.2022)

  https://di.aerzteblatt.de/int/archive/article/224169

  Chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) is most common in the elderly. Its incidence seems to be rising as the population ages (1), but it varies (1.72 to 20.6 per 100 000 persons/year [2, 3]) as a function of multiple factors, including sex (male predominance) and age distribution. For example, a Finnish study (1) revealed a marked effect of age on incidence (1), with an increase from 18.2/100 000 in the seventh decade to 52.1/100 000 in the eighth, 130.3/100 000 in the ninth, and 125/100 000 in persons aged 90 and older (study period: 20112015). The rising use of antithrombotics also seems to favor the development of cSDH (4, 5); according to a case-control study, both anticoagulants and platelet inhibitors increase the risk of cSDH (6). […] The optimal management of antithrombotic medication remains an unresolved issue (12): medications are often discontinued for fear of acute bleeding and an increased risk of recurrence. There is still no generally accepted scheme for managing antithrombotic drugs in patients with cSDH, who often suffer from multiple comorbidities; uncertainty arises from the trade-off of opposing risks (thrombotic complications versus cSDH recurrence or acute bleeding into a cSDH) (12,17).

• #26 Acute Subdural Hematoma Evacuation | Journal of Medical Insight

  https://jomi.com/article/140/acute-subdural-hematoma-evacuation

  Subdural hematoma (SDH) is a type of intracranial bleeding that occurs between the dura and the arachnoid membrane surrounding the brain. Acute SDH is primarily caused by head trauma, with the majority of cases being attributed to falls, motor vehicle accidents, or violence. CSDH is a common neurosurgical condition. The incidence of CSDH varies between 1.72 and 20.6 cases per 100,000 individuals annually, with a notably higher occurrence among the elderly patients. Chronic SDH is a common neurosurgical pathology affecting more than 160,000 individuals annually in the United States and Europe combined. The rising incidence of SDH, predicted to become the most common cranial neurosurgical condition among adults by the year 2030, already has a socioeconomic impact on current healthcare systems. […] The risk of CSDH appears to increase over time, likely due to the aging of the population and the rising prevalence of treatment with antiplatelet and anticoagulant medications.

• #27 EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PROGNOSTIC FACTORS IN PATIENTS WITH SUBDURAL HEMATOMA | Miljković | Facta Universitatis, Series: Medicine and Biology

  https://casopisi.junis.ni.ac.rs/index.php/FUMedBiol/article/view/6363

  SDH was first described in 1658 and in 1914 trauma was recognized as one of the causes. […] Acute SDH is more common in younger population while chronic is common in the elderly with the peak of incidence of 7.35/100000 per year in the age group 70-79 years. […] Trauma is one of the main causes of SDH although in 30-50% of patients direct trauma to the head can be omitted. […] Other predisposing factors include: anticoagulant therapy, epilepsy, and hypertension. […] The study includes 267 patients treated in the period from 1.1.2019 to 31.12.2019 at the Clinic for Neurosurgery CCS. […] Men are at higher risk for the occurrence of SDH. […] Factors that can lead us to suspect possible SDH are: age, gender, type of injury, clinical presentation, and time of occurrence.

• #28

  https://step2.medbullets.com/neurology/120300/subdural-hematoma

  Epidemiology […] Risk factors […] cerebral atrophy, which can be seen in […] aging […] chronic alcohol use […] previous traumatic brain injury […] anti-thrombotic medication use

• #29 Epidemiology and Predisposing Factors of Chronic Subdural Hematoma | SpringerLink

  https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-79371-5_8

  The incidence of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is gradually increasing worldwide. […] Many risk factors for the development of CSDH have been described in the literature. […] These factors include old age, direct or indirect head trauma, coagulopathy, and treatment with antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants. […] Patients with high risks for developing a CSDH have to be identified and consequently the diagnosis must be suspected even with mild symptoms. […] The prognosis will depend on the early diagnosis and the administration of prompt appropriate treatment.

• #30 Evidence-Based Treatment of Chronic Subdural Hematoma | IntechOpen

  https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/46053

  Chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) is one of the most frequent neurosurgical entities caused by head trauma. […] The incidence of cSDH is estimated at 1.7-18 per 100000 people, rising up to 58 per 100000 people in patients above the age of 65. […] As the population continues to mature, incidence is expected to double by the year 2030. […] A large demographic study found the prevalence of cSDH in patients older than 65 to be significantly higher (69% vs. 31%). […] In addition, men are more frequently affected than women (64% vs. 33%). […] The reported recurrence rates range from 2.3% to 33%. […] The most common risk factors are: advanced age, alcohol abuse, seizures, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunts, coagulopathies, blood thinners, and patients at risk for falling (e.g. hemiplegia). […] cSDH remains one of the most frequent diagnoses in neurosurgical practice.

• #31

  https://step2.medbullets.com/neurology/120300/subdural-hematoma

  Epidemiology […] Risk factors […] cerebral atrophy, which can be seen in […] aging […] chronic alcohol use […] previous traumatic brain injury […] anti-thrombotic medication use

• #32 Series Study of Sub acute and Chronic Subdural Haematoma – MedCrave online

  https://medcraveonline.com/JNSK/series-study-of-sub-acute-and-chronic-subdural-haematoma.html

  Subacute and chronic subdural haematoma is a common problem in the elderly population. […] The aim of this study is to determine the epidemiology, clinical profile, optimum surgical procedure, postoperative course and recurrence of patients with SDH and to compare with the literature. […] Eighty four percent were older than 60 years. […] Trauma (42%), coagulopathy (18%) and alcoholism (12%) were the risk factors found. […] 92% mimicked stroke in presentation. […] SDH is a problem common in elderly. […] Subacute and chronic subdural haematoma is a disease of elderly. […] It is common in those with coagulopathy and cerebral degeneration. […] Burr hole craniostomy is the preferred surgery. […] This study emphasizes the efficacy of burr hole craniostomy for subacute and chronic subdural haematoma and success of surgery after the age of 90 years.

• #33 EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PROGNOSTIC FACTORS IN PATIENTS WITH SUBDURAL HEMATOMA | Miljković | Facta Universitatis, Series: Medicine and Biology

  https://casopisi.junis.ni.ac.rs/index.php/FUMedBiol/article/view/6363

  SDH was first described in 1658 and in 1914 trauma was recognized as one of the causes. […] Acute SDH is more common in younger population while chronic is common in the elderly with the peak of incidence of 7.35/100000 per year in the age group 70-79 years. […] Trauma is one of the main causes of SDH although in 30-50% of patients direct trauma to the head can be omitted. […] Other predisposing factors include: anticoagulant therapy, epilepsy, and hypertension. […] The study includes 267 patients treated in the period from 1.1.2019 to 31.12.2019 at the Clinic for Neurosurgery CCS. […] Men are at higher risk for the occurrence of SDH. […] Factors that can lead us to suspect possible SDH are: age, gender, type of injury, clinical presentation, and time of occurrence.

• #34 EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PROGNOSTIC FACTORS IN PATIENTS WITH SUBDURAL HEMATOMA | Miljković | Facta Universitatis, Series: Medicine and Biology

  https://casopisi.junis.ni.ac.rs/index.php/FUMedBiol/article/view/6363

  SDH was first described in 1658 and in 1914 trauma was recognized as one of the causes. […] Acute SDH is more common in younger population while chronic is common in the elderly with the peak of incidence of 7.35/100000 per year in the age group 70-79 years. […] Trauma is one of the main causes of SDH although in 30-50% of patients direct trauma to the head can be omitted. […] Other predisposing factors include: anticoagulant therapy, epilepsy, and hypertension. […] The study includes 267 patients treated in the period from 1.1.2019 to 31.12.2019 at the Clinic for Neurosurgery CCS. […] Men are at higher risk for the occurrence of SDH. […] Factors that can lead us to suspect possible SDH are: age, gender, type of injury, clinical presentation, and time of occurrence.

• #35

  https://step2.medbullets.com/neurology/120300/subdural-hematoma

  Epidemiology […] Risk factors […] cerebral atrophy, which can be seen in […] aging […] chronic alcohol use […] previous traumatic brain injury […] anti-thrombotic medication use

• #36

  https://step2.medbullets.com/neurology/120300/subdural-hematoma

  Epidemiology […] Risk factors […] cerebral atrophy, which can be seen in […] aging […] chronic alcohol use […] previous traumatic brain injury […] anti-thrombotic medication use

• #37 Evidence-Based Treatment of Chronic Subdural Hematoma | IntechOpen

  https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/46053

  Chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) is one of the most frequent neurosurgical entities caused by head trauma. […] The incidence of cSDH is estimated at 1.7-18 per 100000 people, rising up to 58 per 100000 people in patients above the age of 65. […] As the population continues to mature, incidence is expected to double by the year 2030. […] A large demographic study found the prevalence of cSDH in patients older than 65 to be significantly higher (69% vs. 31%). […] In addition, men are more frequently affected than women (64% vs. 33%). […] The reported recurrence rates range from 2.3% to 33%. […] The most common risk factors are: advanced age, alcohol abuse, seizures, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunts, coagulopathies, blood thinners, and patients at risk for falling (e.g. hemiplegia). […] cSDH remains one of the most frequent diagnoses in neurosurgical practice.

• #38 Evidence-Based Treatment of Chronic Subdural Hematoma | IntechOpen

  https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/46053

  Chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) is one of the most frequent neurosurgical entities caused by head trauma. […] The incidence of cSDH is estimated at 1.7-18 per 100000 people, rising up to 58 per 100000 people in patients above the age of 65. […] As the population continues to mature, incidence is expected to double by the year 2030. […] A large demographic study found the prevalence of cSDH in patients older than 65 to be significantly higher (69% vs. 31%). […] In addition, men are more frequently affected than women (64% vs. 33%). […] The reported recurrence rates range from 2.3% to 33%. […] The most common risk factors are: advanced age, alcohol abuse, seizures, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunts, coagulopathies, blood thinners, and patients at risk for falling (e.g. hemiplegia). […] cSDH remains one of the most frequent diagnoses in neurosurgical practice.

• #39 Subdural hematoma – Knowledge @ AMBOSS

  https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/subdural-hematoma/

  Subdural hematoma (SDH) refers to bleeding into the intracranial subdural space that is typically caused by a rupture of the bridging veins. […] According to the onset of symptoms, SDH can be classified into acute SDH, subacute SDH, and chronic SDH. […] Epidemiological data refers to the US, unless otherwise specified. […] Nontraumatic acute SDH: unknown […] Traumatic acute SDH: seen in approx. 30% of patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) […] Chronic SDH: 213 individuals per 100,000 population […] Sex: (3:1) […] SDH is common in infants and toddlers. […] Acute SDH: more common in younger adults (30-50 years of age) […] Chronic SDH: more common in the elderly, especially individuals older than 70 years of age. […] Individuals at extremes of age (i.e., infants and the elderly) are at an increased risk of developing nontraumatic chronic SDH.

• #40 Subdural Hematoma: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1137207-overview

  Acute SDHs have been reported to occur in 5-25% of patients with severe head injuries, depending on the study. The annual incidence of chronic SDH has been reported to be 1.7-20.6 cases per 100,000 population. […] Subsequent studies have shown a higher incidence, probably because of better imaging techniques, aging population, and use of anticoagulation. […] Overall, SDHs are more common in men than in women, with a male-to-female ratio of approximately 3:1. Men also have a higher incidence of chronic SDH. The male-to-female ratio has been reported to be 2:1. […] The incidence of chronic SDH appears to be highest in the fifth through seventh decades of life. […] Adhesions existing in the subdural space are absent at birth and develop with aging; therefore, bilateral subdural hematomas are more common in infants. Interhemispheric SDHs are often associated with child abuse.

• #41 Subdural Hematoma

  https://fpnotebook.com/Neuro/CV/SbdrlHmtm.htm

  Represents 30% of Traumatic Intracranial Hemorrhage causes […] Six times more common than Epidural Hematoma.

• #42 Subdural Hematoma

  https://fpnotebook.com/Neuro/CV/SbdrlHmtm.htm

  Represents 30% of Traumatic Intracranial Hemorrhage causes […] Six times more common than Epidural Hematoma.

• #43 Traumatic Epidural and Subdural Hematoma: Epidemiology, Outcome, and Dating

  https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/57/2/125

  The studies by Han and Shibahashi confirmed that in cases of severe TBI, SDHs are much more frequent than EDHs (5:1 ratio), whereas in the case of mild TBI, this ratio is approximately 3:1. […] Among the extra-axial hematomas, EDHs have the most favorable prognosis. […] SDHs have a perioperative mortality rate (death occurring within 30 days after surgery) between 11.5 and 67.1% (mean 38.4%, median 38.2%). […] A more complex topic is whether the elderly are a subgroup with specific mortality rates. […] In the adult population accessing an Emergency Department (ED) for a traumatic brain injury, more cases of SDHs than EDHs are shown in elderly patients. […] SDHs cases in the elderly are most often the result of falls, especially from low heights and in a domestic environment. […] Studies on EDHs often review data relative to cranial fractures, with percentages between 57 and 87%.

• #44 Chronic Subdural Hematoma: Epidemiology, Etiology, Pathogenesis, Treatment and Outcome | Frontiers Research Topic

  https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/11547/chronic-subdural-hematoma-epidemiology-etiology-pathogenesis-treatment-and-outcome/magazine

  Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH), a disorder that mainly affects the elderly, is predicted to be the most common cranial neurosurgical disease in America by 2030. […] The etiology and epidemiology of CSDH […] The appropriate use of anticoagulant and anti-platelet drugs during the perioperative period

• #45 Chronic subdural hematoma epidemiology [Neurosurgery Education Wiki]

  https://neurosurgery.education/wiki/doku.php?id=chronic_subdural_hematoma_epidemiology

  As the world population becomes progressively older, the increasing incidence of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) will be a burden to patients and a future challenge for neurosurgical clinics. […] The incidence of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) ranges from 1.72 to 20.6 per 100,000 persons per year. […] CSDH is projected to become the most common cranial neurosurgical condition among adults by the year 2030. […] A steady increase in the incidence of CSDH has been also observed in developing countries due to the rise in life expectancy. […] The total of 64 cases gives an incidence of 1.72/100,000/year in the average population, the incidence increasing steeply with advancing age up to 7.35/100,000/year in the age groups 70-79 years. […] The overall incidence of CSDH was 20.6/100,000/year, with 76.5 in the age group of 70-79 y.o. and 127.1 in the over 80 y.o. group. […] Compared to previous reports, this study demonstrates a marked increase in the incidence of CSDH.

• #46 Subdural Haematoma: Symptoms and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/subdural-haematoma-pro

  How common are subdural haematomas? (Epidemiology) […] SDH can occur in about one third of people with a severe head injury. […] It is more common with increasing age, as described above. The incidence is gradually increasing, but the reason for this is unknown. […] A 2021 UK study estimated CDH incidence was 8.2/100,000/year to 48/100,000/year. […] Four pairs of studies demonstrated incidence rate increases of 200-600% over the last 50 years. […] A UK-based epidemiological study found that the annual incidence of SDH/effusion in infants is approximately 12.5 cases per 100,000 population in 0- to 2-year-olds and approximately 24 cases per 100,000 in 0- to 1-year-olds. […] The majority of cases were deemed to be due to non-accidental injury (57%). Other causes included: […] A more recent Swedish population study reported an SDH incidence of 165 per 100,000 infants, with the majority occurring in the first six months of life. […] Spontaneous intracranial hypotension has also been reported as a rare cause.

• #47 Acute Subdural Hematoma Evacuation | Journal of Medical Insight

  https://jomi.com/article/140/acute-subdural-hematoma-evacuation

  Subdural hematoma (SDH) is a type of intracranial bleeding that occurs between the dura and the arachnoid membrane surrounding the brain. Acute SDH is primarily caused by head trauma, with the majority of cases being attributed to falls, motor vehicle accidents, or violence. CSDH is a common neurosurgical condition. The incidence of CSDH varies between 1.72 and 20.6 cases per 100,000 individuals annually, with a notably higher occurrence among the elderly patients. Chronic SDH is a common neurosurgical pathology affecting more than 160,000 individuals annually in the United States and Europe combined. The rising incidence of SDH, predicted to become the most common cranial neurosurgical condition among adults by the year 2030, already has a socioeconomic impact on current healthcare systems. […] The risk of CSDH appears to increase over time, likely due to the aging of the population and the rising prevalence of treatment with antiplatelet and anticoagulant medications.

• #48 Calcified chronic subdural hematoma | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/calcified-chronic-subdural-haematoma?lang=us

  Calcified chronic subdural hematomas are uncommon, accounting for only 0.3-2.7% of chronic subdural hematomas. They are seen more commonly in children than in adults. […] Calcified chronic subdural hematomas are rare variants of chronic subdural hematomas.

• #49 Subdural Hematoma – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532970/

  A subdural hematoma is one of the intracranial injuries associated with abusive head trauma (AHT). […] The data for abusive head trauma is more robust in Europe and the United-States than in other geographic areas, with an incidence up to 17 per 100.000 child-years. However, the incidence of subdural hematoma occurring in children less than 2 years reaches close to 13 per 100,000 child-years. The risk of developing a subdural hematoma is higher below the age of one year (1:4761) according to a study in South Wales, England with an incidence reaching up to 21 per 100,000 child-years in this age group. […] Developing countries report similar rates; however, the data is very limited. There is no reported difference in gender for a subdural hematoma in the early stages; however, accidental subdural hematoma caused by trauma in the teenage years favors the male gender.

• #50 Subdural Haematoma: Symptoms and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/subdural-haematoma-pro

  How common are subdural haematomas? (Epidemiology) […] SDH can occur in about one third of people with a severe head injury. […] It is more common with increasing age, as described above. The incidence is gradually increasing, but the reason for this is unknown. […] A 2021 UK study estimated CDH incidence was 8.2/100,000/year to 48/100,000/year. […] Four pairs of studies demonstrated incidence rate increases of 200-600% over the last 50 years. […] A UK-based epidemiological study found that the annual incidence of SDH/effusion in infants is approximately 12.5 cases per 100,000 population in 0- to 2-year-olds and approximately 24 cases per 100,000 in 0- to 1-year-olds. […] The majority of cases were deemed to be due to non-accidental injury (57%). Other causes included: […] A more recent Swedish population study reported an SDH incidence of 165 per 100,000 infants, with the majority occurring in the first six months of life. […] Spontaneous intracranial hypotension has also been reported as a rare cause.

• #51 Subdural Haematoma: Symptoms and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/subdural-haematoma-pro

  How common are subdural haematomas? (Epidemiology) […] SDH can occur in about one third of people with a severe head injury. […] It is more common with increasing age, as described above. The incidence is gradually increasing, but the reason for this is unknown. […] A 2021 UK study estimated CDH incidence was 8.2/100,000/year to 48/100,000/year. […] Four pairs of studies demonstrated incidence rate increases of 200-600% over the last 50 years. […] A UK-based epidemiological study found that the annual incidence of SDH/effusion in infants is approximately 12.5 cases per 100,000 population in 0- to 2-year-olds and approximately 24 cases per 100,000 in 0- to 1-year-olds. […] The majority of cases were deemed to be due to non-accidental injury (57%). Other causes included: […] A more recent Swedish population study reported an SDH incidence of 165 per 100,000 infants, with the majority occurring in the first six months of life. […] Spontaneous intracranial hypotension has also been reported as a rare cause.

• #52 Subdural Haematoma: Symptoms and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/subdural-haematoma-pro

  How common are subdural haematomas? (Epidemiology) […] SDH can occur in about one third of people with a severe head injury. […] It is more common with increasing age, as described above. The incidence is gradually increasing, but the reason for this is unknown. […] A 2021 UK study estimated CDH incidence was 8.2/100,000/year to 48/100,000/year. […] Four pairs of studies demonstrated incidence rate increases of 200-600% over the last 50 years. […] A UK-based epidemiological study found that the annual incidence of SDH/effusion in infants is approximately 12.5 cases per 100,000 population in 0- to 2-year-olds and approximately 24 cases per 100,000 in 0- to 1-year-olds. […] The majority of cases were deemed to be due to non-accidental injury (57%). Other causes included: […] A more recent Swedish population study reported an SDH incidence of 165 per 100,000 infants, with the majority occurring in the first six months of life. […] Spontaneous intracranial hypotension has also been reported as a rare cause.

• #53 Prognosis of patients with operated chronic subdural hematoma | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-10992-5

  Chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH), previously considered fairly benign and easy to treat, is now viewed a possible sign of incipient clinical decline. […] It is further anticipated that improved access to head imaging and more frequent use of antithrombotic medication will result in continuing increase in the incidence of cSDH. […] Mortality after operated cSDH has generally been associated with high average age and frailty. […] Recently, however, perceptions of the disease have changed, especially as high one-year case-fatality and excess-fatality rates in all treated age groups have been reported. […] We therefore designed a study to examine the aftermath of operated cSDH in a nationwide registry setting focusing on patient-related characteristics in different age groups. […] The main findings of this nationwide study are that after operated cSDH (i) the 1-year case-fatality was about 15%the highest case-fatality rates were observed in the oldest age group, (ii) comorbidities drastically increase fatality, (iii) one-year excess fatality rate compared to the general population was about 10%the highest risk for fatality was observed among the youngest age group, (iv) older age but not comorbidities increase the risk for reoperations, and (v) case-fatality and the need for reoperations is declining in Finland over time. […] cSDH can lead to death even in young individuals who have comorbidities, and higher age is significantly associated with both reoperations and mortality. […] Moreover, cSDH causes substantial excess fatality in all age groups.

• #54 Subdural hematoma epidemiology and demographics – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Subdural_hematoma_epidemiology_and_demographics

  The incidence of subdural hematoma is approximately 14.7 per 100,000 individuals in USA. […] The case mortality rate of traumatic subdural hematoma is approximately 14%. […] Patients of all age groups may develop subdural hematoma. […] The incidence of subdural hematoma increases with age. […] There is no racial predilection to subdural hematoma. […] Men are more commonly affected by chronic subdural hematoma than female.

• #55 Traumatic Epidural and Subdural Hematoma: Epidemiology, Outcome, and Dating

  https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/57/2/125

  According to the data, EDHs have favorable outcome—that is to say a GOS at discharge/follow up of 4 or 5 (good recovery and moderate disability)—between 69 and 95%, whereas the range of SDHs varies between 9 and 76% in the perioperative period (mean 32.1%, median 26.5%). […] As stated before, studies on elderly patients with EDHs are difficult to compare. If we instead compare the specific cohorts of elderly patients with SDHs, the perioperative mortality rate varies between 17.6 and 55.1%. […] EDHs and SDHs are very different in epidemiology, clinical presentation, natural history, and outcome. When compared to EDHs, mortality rates for SDHs are significantly higher, and a good outcome is rarer.

• #56 Traumatic Epidural and Subdural Hematoma: Epidemiology, Outcome, and Dating

  https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/57/2/125

  The studies by Han and Shibahashi confirmed that in cases of severe TBI, SDHs are much more frequent than EDHs (5:1 ratio), whereas in the case of mild TBI, this ratio is approximately 3:1. […] Among the extra-axial hematomas, EDHs have the most favorable prognosis. […] SDHs have a perioperative mortality rate (death occurring within 30 days after surgery) between 11.5 and 67.1% (mean 38.4%, median 38.2%). […] A more complex topic is whether the elderly are a subgroup with specific mortality rates. […] In the adult population accessing an Emergency Department (ED) for a traumatic brain injury, more cases of SDHs than EDHs are shown in elderly patients. […] SDHs cases in the elderly are most often the result of falls, especially from low heights and in a domestic environment. […] Studies on EDHs often review data relative to cranial fractures, with percentages between 57 and 87%.

• #57 Traumatic Epidural and Subdural Hematoma: Epidemiology, Outcome, and Dating

  https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/57/2/125

  According to the data, EDHs have favorable outcome—that is to say a GOS at discharge/follow up of 4 or 5 (good recovery and moderate disability)—between 69 and 95%, whereas the range of SDHs varies between 9 and 76% in the perioperative period (mean 32.1%, median 26.5%). […] As stated before, studies on elderly patients with EDHs are difficult to compare. If we instead compare the specific cohorts of elderly patients with SDHs, the perioperative mortality rate varies between 17.6 and 55.1%. […] EDHs and SDHs are very different in epidemiology, clinical presentation, natural history, and outcome. When compared to EDHs, mortality rates for SDHs are significantly higher, and a good outcome is rarer.

• #58 Prognosis of patients with operated chronic subdural hematoma | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-10992-5

  Chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH), previously considered fairly benign and easy to treat, is now viewed a possible sign of incipient clinical decline. […] It is further anticipated that improved access to head imaging and more frequent use of antithrombotic medication will result in continuing increase in the incidence of cSDH. […] Mortality after operated cSDH has generally been associated with high average age and frailty. […] Recently, however, perceptions of the disease have changed, especially as high one-year case-fatality and excess-fatality rates in all treated age groups have been reported. […] We therefore designed a study to examine the aftermath of operated cSDH in a nationwide registry setting focusing on patient-related characteristics in different age groups. […] The main findings of this nationwide study are that after operated cSDH (i) the 1-year case-fatality was about 15%the highest case-fatality rates were observed in the oldest age group, (ii) comorbidities drastically increase fatality, (iii) one-year excess fatality rate compared to the general population was about 10%the highest risk for fatality was observed among the youngest age group, (iv) older age but not comorbidities increase the risk for reoperations, and (v) case-fatality and the need for reoperations is declining in Finland over time. […] cSDH can lead to death even in young individuals who have comorbidities, and higher age is significantly associated with both reoperations and mortality. […] Moreover, cSDH causes substantial excess fatality in all age groups.

• #59 Prognosis of patients with operated chronic subdural hematoma | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-10992-5

  Chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH), previously considered fairly benign and easy to treat, is now viewed a possible sign of incipient clinical decline. […] It is further anticipated that improved access to head imaging and more frequent use of antithrombotic medication will result in continuing increase in the incidence of cSDH. […] Mortality after operated cSDH has generally been associated with high average age and frailty. […] Recently, however, perceptions of the disease have changed, especially as high one-year case-fatality and excess-fatality rates in all treated age groups have been reported. […] We therefore designed a study to examine the aftermath of operated cSDH in a nationwide registry setting focusing on patient-related characteristics in different age groups. […] The main findings of this nationwide study are that after operated cSDH (i) the 1-year case-fatality was about 15%the highest case-fatality rates were observed in the oldest age group, (ii) comorbidities drastically increase fatality, (iii) one-year excess fatality rate compared to the general population was about 10%the highest risk for fatality was observed among the youngest age group, (iv) older age but not comorbidities increase the risk for reoperations, and (v) case-fatality and the need for reoperations is declining in Finland over time. […] cSDH can lead to death even in young individuals who have comorbidities, and higher age is significantly associated with both reoperations and mortality. […] Moreover, cSDH causes substantial excess fatality in all age groups.

• #60 Evidence-Based Treatment of Chronic Subdural Hematoma | IntechOpen

  https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/46053

  Chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) is one of the most frequent neurosurgical entities caused by head trauma. […] The incidence of cSDH is estimated at 1.7-18 per 100000 people, rising up to 58 per 100000 people in patients above the age of 65. […] As the population continues to mature, incidence is expected to double by the year 2030. […] A large demographic study found the prevalence of cSDH in patients older than 65 to be significantly higher (69% vs. 31%). […] In addition, men are more frequently affected than women (64% vs. 33%). […] The reported recurrence rates range from 2.3% to 33%. […] The most common risk factors are: advanced age, alcohol abuse, seizures, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunts, coagulopathies, blood thinners, and patients at risk for falling (e.g. hemiplegia). […] cSDH remains one of the most frequent diagnoses in neurosurgical practice.

• #61 Predictors of recurrence of chronic subdural haematoma in a cohort study of patients presenting in a sub-Saharan African teaching hospital | BMC Neurology | Full Text

  https://bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12883-022-02857-1

  Chronic subdural haematoma (CSDH) is a common neurological condition affecting the elderly with decreased quality of life. Recurrence leads to increase in number of hospital admissions and surgical interventions. Several factors contribute to recurrence of chronic subdural haematoma, and determination of these factors will help institute measures to reduce recurrence of CSDH, cost of care and improved quality of life. The aim of this study was to determine the predictors of recurrence of chronic subdural haematoma in a cohort of patients presenting in a Sub-Saharan African Teaching Hospital. […] The incidence of chronic subdural haematoma is 58/100,000 in those aged above 65years. CSDH is a major cause of neurological morbidity and mortality. […] In a systematic review and meta-analysis of radiological prognostic factors of chronic subdural hematoma, recurrence was reported to be 14.4%. Many factors are cited as determinants of recurrence following evacuation of haematoma.

• #62 Predictors of recurrence of chronic subdural haematoma in a cohort study of patients presenting in a sub-Saharan African teaching hospital | BMC Neurology | Full Text

  https://bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12883-022-02857-1

  The contributions of co-morbidities (hypertension and diabetes) to recurrence of CSDH is similar to that of anticoagulant and antiplatelet use. […] With the current prevalence of hypertension and diabetes, and the expected increase in the population of Ghanaians above 65years, the incidence of CSDH may increase. […] Averages of 4 cases of chronic subdural hematomas are seen at the center every month. […] The recurrence rate of CSDH was 21.0% whilst the mortality rate was 4.8%. […] Both hypertension and bilaterality showed statistically significant association with recurrence of CSDH. However, only bilaterality proved to be an independent predictor of recurrence of CSDH in patient who underwent burr-hole and drainage. […] The recurrence rate of CSDH for this study was 21.0%. This is very high when compared to the recurrence rate of 2.1% in the series by Dakurah et al.

• #63 Predictors of recurrence of chronic subdural haematoma in a cohort study of patients presenting in a sub-Saharan African teaching hospital | BMC Neurology | Full Text

  https://bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12883-022-02857-1

  The mortality rate for this study is below the reported average of 11.0%. This is however higher than a rate of 2.1% recorded by Dakurah et al. […] The only independent predictor of recurrence of chronic subdural haematoma was bilaterality of the lesion. Both hypertension and bilaterality had a statistically significant association with recurrence of chronic subdural haematoma.

• #64 Predictors of recurrence of chronic subdural haematoma in a cohort study of patients presenting in a sub-Saharan African teaching hospital | BMC Neurology | Full Text

  https://bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12883-022-02857-1

  The mortality rate for this study is below the reported average of 11.0%. This is however higher than a rate of 2.1% recorded by Dakurah et al. […] The only independent predictor of recurrence of chronic subdural haematoma was bilaterality of the lesion. Both hypertension and bilaterality had a statistically significant association with recurrence of chronic subdural haematoma.

• #65 Chronic Subdural Hematoma (25.03.2022)

  https://di.aerzteblatt.de/int/archive/article/224169

  A large study based on the Medicare database (32) confirmed the clinical importance of cSDH and of the management of antithrombotic drugs in patients with this disease. Out of 1.7 million cases analyzed, there were 2939 with an atraumatic subdural hematoma. The affected patients were more likely to have pre-existing illnesses than the age-matched population without subdural hematoma, and they had a significantly increased risk of arterial ischemic complications (hazard ratio [HR]: 3.6; [1.9; 5.5]), and stroke in particular (HR: 4.2; [2.1; 7.3]), in the first 4 weeks after treatment for SDH, but not at later times. […] The incidence of chronic subdural hematoma is rising, in parallel with the demographic trend. There are, as yet, no guidelines for the use of antithrombotics in the treatment of this disease.

• #66 The epidemiology, risk factors, and impact on hospital mortality of status epilepticus after subdural hematoma in the United States | SpringerPlus | Full Text

  https://springerplus.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/2193-1801-3-332

  Subdural hematoma (SDH) is a well described risk factor in the development of Status Epilepticus (SE), however the epidemiology of SE after SDH is unknown. […] The epidemiology of status epilepticus in patients admitted with SDH is however poorly understood. […] The purpose of this study was to determine the epidemiology of SE in patients with SDH and to characterize the associated risk factors for SE in these patients. We also investigated the impact of SE on in hospital mortality in patients with SDH. […] The prevalence of SE in this cohort was 0.5% (7,421 admissions). […] The prevalence of SE in SDH, increased from 0.5% in 1988 to 0.7% in 2011. […] The diagnosis of SE in this sub-group was an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality (OR 2.17, p 0.0001). […] Our study demonstrates that the incidence of admissions of SDH is increasing in the United States. Despite a decline in the overall SDH related mortality, SE increased the risk of in-hospital death in patients with a primary diagnosis of SDH.

• #67 The incidence of chronic subdural hematomas from 1990 to 2015 in a defined Finnish population in: Journal of Neurosurgery Volume 132 Issue 4 (2019) Journals

  https://thejns.org/view/journals/j-neurosurg/132/4/article-p1147.xml

  The aim of this study was to determine the population-based epidemiology of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) over a 26-year period. […] From 1990 to 2015, the overall incidence of CSDH doubled from 8.2 to 17.6/100,000/year. […] The incidence of CSDH among the population 80 years or older has nearly tripled since 1990. […] The use of anticoagulants has increased, but there has been no change regarding the ratio between a traumatic and a spontaneous CSDH etiology. […] As the world population becomes progressively older, the increasing incidence of CSDH will be a burden to patients and a future challenge for neurosurgical clinics. […] The incidence of CSDH increases with age, and there seems to be a clear incidence peak among the over-70-years-old. […] The underlying reason for the greater incidence of CSDH among the elderly is not completely understood.

• #68 The incidence of chronic subdural hematomas from 1990 to 2015 in a defined Finnish population in: Journal of Neurosurgery Volume 132 Issue 4 (2019) Journals

  https://thejns.org/view/journals/j-neurosurg/132/4/article-p1147.xml

  The aim of this study was to determine the population-based epidemiology of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) over a 26-year period. […] From 1990 to 2015, the overall incidence of CSDH doubled from 8.2 to 17.6/100,000/year. […] The incidence of CSDH among the population 80 years or older has nearly tripled since 1990. […] The use of anticoagulants has increased, but there has been no change regarding the ratio between a traumatic and a spontaneous CSDH etiology. […] As the world population becomes progressively older, the increasing incidence of CSDH will be a burden to patients and a future challenge for neurosurgical clinics. […] The incidence of CSDH increases with age, and there seems to be a clear incidence peak among the over-70-years-old. […] The underlying reason for the greater incidence of CSDH among the elderly is not completely understood.

• #69 The incidence of chronic subdural hematomas from 1990 to 2015 in a defined Finnish population in: Journal of Neurosurgery Volume 132 Issue 4 (2019) Journals

  https://thejns.org/view/journals/j-neurosurg/132/4/article-p1147.xml

  The aim of this study was to determine the population-based epidemiology of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) over a 26-year period. […] From 1990 to 2015, the overall incidence of CSDH doubled from 8.2 to 17.6/100,000/year. […] The incidence of CSDH among the population 80 years or older has nearly tripled since 1990. […] The use of anticoagulants has increased, but there has been no change regarding the ratio between a traumatic and a spontaneous CSDH etiology. […] As the world population becomes progressively older, the increasing incidence of CSDH will be a burden to patients and a future challenge for neurosurgical clinics. […] The incidence of CSDH increases with age, and there seems to be a clear incidence peak among the over-70-years-old. […] The underlying reason for the greater incidence of CSDH among the elderly is not completely understood.

• #70 Chronic subdural hematoma epidemiology [Neurosurgery Education Wiki]

  https://neurosurgery.education/wiki/doku.php?id=chronic_subdural_hematoma_epidemiology

  As the world population becomes progressively older, the increasing incidence of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) will be a burden to patients and a future challenge for neurosurgical clinics. […] The incidence of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) ranges from 1.72 to 20.6 per 100,000 persons per year. […] CSDH is projected to become the most common cranial neurosurgical condition among adults by the year 2030. […] A steady increase in the incidence of CSDH has been also observed in developing countries due to the rise in life expectancy. […] The total of 64 cases gives an incidence of 1.72/100,000/year in the average population, the incidence increasing steeply with advancing age up to 7.35/100,000/year in the age groups 70-79 years. […] The overall incidence of CSDH was 20.6/100,000/year, with 76.5 in the age group of 70-79 y.o. and 127.1 in the over 80 y.o. group. […] Compared to previous reports, this study demonstrates a marked increase in the incidence of CSDH.

• #71 The incidence of chronic subdural hematomas from 1990 to 2015 in a defined Finnish population in: Journal of Neurosurgery Volume 132 Issue 4 (2019) Journals

  https://thejns.org/view/journals/j-neurosurg/132/4/article-p1147.xml

  The aim of this study was to determine the population-based epidemiology of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) over a 26-year period. […] From 1990 to 2015, the overall incidence of CSDH doubled from 8.2 to 17.6/100,000/year. […] The incidence of CSDH among the population 80 years or older has nearly tripled since 1990. […] The use of anticoagulants has increased, but there has been no change regarding the ratio between a traumatic and a spontaneous CSDH etiology. […] As the world population becomes progressively older, the increasing incidence of CSDH will be a burden to patients and a future challenge for neurosurgical clinics. […] The incidence of CSDH increases with age, and there seems to be a clear incidence peak among the over-70-years-old. […] The underlying reason for the greater incidence of CSDH among the elderly is not completely understood.

• #72 Subdural Hematoma: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1137207-overview

  Acute SDHs have been reported to occur in 5-25% of patients with severe head injuries, depending on the study. The annual incidence of chronic SDH has been reported to be 1.7-20.6 cases per 100,000 population. […] Subsequent studies have shown a higher incidence, probably because of better imaging techniques, aging population, and use of anticoagulation. […] Overall, SDHs are more common in men than in women, with a male-to-female ratio of approximately 3:1. Men also have a higher incidence of chronic SDH. The male-to-female ratio has been reported to be 2:1. […] The incidence of chronic SDH appears to be highest in the fifth through seventh decades of life. […] Adhesions existing in the subdural space are absent at birth and develop with aging; therefore, bilateral subdural hematomas are more common in infants. Interhemispheric SDHs are often associated with child abuse.

• #73 The incidence of chronic subdural hematomas from 1990 to 2015 in a defined Finnish population in: Journal of Neurosurgery Volume 132 Issue 4 (2019) Journals

  https://thejns.org/view/journals/j-neurosurg/132/4/article-p1147.xml

  The aim of this study was to determine the population-based epidemiology of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) over a 26-year period. […] From 1990 to 2015, the overall incidence of CSDH doubled from 8.2 to 17.6/100,000/year. […] The incidence of CSDH among the population 80 years or older has nearly tripled since 1990. […] The use of anticoagulants has increased, but there has been no change regarding the ratio between a traumatic and a spontaneous CSDH etiology. […] As the world population becomes progressively older, the increasing incidence of CSDH will be a burden to patients and a future challenge for neurosurgical clinics. […] The incidence of CSDH increases with age, and there seems to be a clear incidence peak among the over-70-years-old. […] The underlying reason for the greater incidence of CSDH among the elderly is not completely understood.

• #74 The incidence of chronic subdural hematomas from 1990 to 2015 in a defined Finnish population in: Journal of Neurosurgery Volume 132 Issue 4 (2019) Journals

  https://thejns.org/view/journals/j-neurosurg/132/4/article-p1147.xml

  The objective of this study was to determine the population-based epidemiology of CSDH over a 26-year period from 1990 to 2015 in a defined Finnish population. […] The number of patients on antithrombotic medication increased over time (1990-1995, 45/167 [27%]; and 2011-2015, 173/354 [49%]; p = 0.001), mostly due to an increase in anticoagulation. […] The overall incidence of CSDH in adults doubled from 8.2 to 17.6/100,000/year and nearly tripled for those 80 years from 46.9 to 129.5/100,000/year. […] The admission GCS score was 13-15 in most cases, ranging from 86% to 92% across the age groups. […] The number of patients on antithrombotic medications increased over time, from 27% to 49%.

• #75 Subdural Hematoma: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1137207-overview

  Acute SDHs have been reported to occur in 5-25% of patients with severe head injuries, depending on the study. The annual incidence of chronic SDH has been reported to be 1.7-20.6 cases per 100,000 population. […] Subsequent studies have shown a higher incidence, probably because of better imaging techniques, aging population, and use of anticoagulation. […] Overall, SDHs are more common in men than in women, with a male-to-female ratio of approximately 3:1. Men also have a higher incidence of chronic SDH. The male-to-female ratio has been reported to be 2:1. […] The incidence of chronic SDH appears to be highest in the fifth through seventh decades of life. […] Adhesions existing in the subdural space are absent at birth and develop with aging; therefore, bilateral subdural hematomas are more common in infants. Interhemispheric SDHs are often associated with child abuse.

• #76 The incidence of chronic subdural hematomas from 1990 to 2015 in a defined Finnish population in: Journal of Neurosurgery Volume 132 Issue 4 (2019) Journals

  https://thejns.org/view/journals/j-neurosurg/132/4/article-p1147.xml

  The aim of this study was to determine the population-based epidemiology of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) over a 26-year period. […] From 1990 to 2015, the overall incidence of CSDH doubled from 8.2 to 17.6/100,000/year. […] The incidence of CSDH among the population 80 years or older has nearly tripled since 1990. […] The use of anticoagulants has increased, but there has been no change regarding the ratio between a traumatic and a spontaneous CSDH etiology. […] As the world population becomes progressively older, the increasing incidence of CSDH will be a burden to patients and a future challenge for neurosurgical clinics. […] The incidence of CSDH increases with age, and there seems to be a clear incidence peak among the over-70-years-old. […] The underlying reason for the greater incidence of CSDH among the elderly is not completely understood.

• #77 The incidence of chronic subdural hematomas from 1990 to 2015 in a defined Finnish population in: Journal of Neurosurgery Volume 132 Issue 4 (2019) Journals

  https://thejns.org/view/journals/j-neurosurg/132/4/article-p1147.xml

  The aim of this study was to determine the population-based epidemiology of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) over a 26-year period. […] From 1990 to 2015, the overall incidence of CSDH doubled from 8.2 to 17.6/100,000/year. […] The incidence of CSDH among the population 80 years or older has nearly tripled since 1990. […] The use of anticoagulants has increased, but there has been no change regarding the ratio between a traumatic and a spontaneous CSDH etiology. […] As the world population becomes progressively older, the increasing incidence of CSDH will be a burden to patients and a future challenge for neurosurgical clinics. […] The incidence of CSDH increases with age, and there seems to be a clear incidence peak among the over-70-years-old. […] The underlying reason for the greater incidence of CSDH among the elderly is not completely understood.

• #78 Present epidemiology of chronic subdural hematoma in Japan: analysis of 63,358 cases recorded in a national administrative database in: Journal of Neurosurgery Volume 128 Issue 1 (2017) Journals

  https://thejns.org/view/journals/j-neurosurg/128/1/article-p222.xml

  Aging of the population may lead to epidemiological changes with respect to chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH). The objectives of this study were to elucidate the current epidemiology and changing trends of CSDH in Japan. […] A total of 63,358 patients with newly diagnosed CSDH and treated in 1750 DPC participation hospitals were included in this study. Analysis according to patient age showed that the most common age range for these patients was the 9th decade of life (in their 80s). More than half of patients 70 years old or older presented with some kind of disturbance of consciousness. […] This study shows a chronological change in the age distribution of CSDH among Japanese patients, which may be affecting the prognosis of this condition. In the aging population of contemporary Japan, patients in their 80s were affected more often than patients in other age categories, and approximately 30% of patients with CSDH required some help at discharge. CSDH thus may no longer have as good a prognosis as had been thought.

• #79 Chronic subdural hematoma epidemiology [Neurosurgery Education Wiki]

  https://neurosurgery.education/wiki/doku.php?id=chronic_subdural_hematoma_epidemiology

  As the world population becomes progressively older, the increasing incidence of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) will be a burden to patients and a future challenge for neurosurgical clinics. […] The incidence of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) ranges from 1.72 to 20.6 per 100,000 persons per year. […] CSDH is projected to become the most common cranial neurosurgical condition among adults by the year 2030. […] A steady increase in the incidence of CSDH has been also observed in developing countries due to the rise in life expectancy. […] The total of 64 cases gives an incidence of 1.72/100,000/year in the average population, the incidence increasing steeply with advancing age up to 7.35/100,000/year in the age groups 70-79 years. […] The overall incidence of CSDH was 20.6/100,000/year, with 76.5 in the age group of 70-79 y.o. and 127.1 in the over 80 y.o. group. […] Compared to previous reports, this study demonstrates a marked increase in the incidence of CSDH.

• #80 Population-based estimates suggest middle meningeal artery embolization for subdural hematomas could significantly expand the scope of neurovascular therapies | Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery

  https://jnis.bmj.com/content/17/4/438

  Population-based estimates suggest middle meningeal artery embolization for subdural hematomas could significantly expand the scope of neurovascular therapies. […] This study approaches the epidemiology of subdural hematomas in the setting of MMAE, aiming to identify a population that could be eligible for this procedure. […] The incidence and prevalence of chronic SDH have been increasing in recent years, reflecting the trends of the aging demographic, with the highest rates observed in individuals aged 70 years. […] Studies have reported an annual incidence ranging from 1.72 to 18.8 cases per 100000 person-years in the general population. […] However, in older people, much higher rates have been reported ranging from 58/100 000 persons/year to 127/100 000 persons/year in those aged 80 years. […] The mortality rate associated with chronic SDH ranges from 4% to 30%. […] Our projections suggest that the demographic eligible for MMAE of around 140000 cases per year could surpass even that of large vessel strokes.

• #81 Epidemiology and Predisposing Factors of Chronic Subdural Hematoma | SpringerLink

  https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-79371-5_8

  The incidence of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is gradually increasing worldwide. […] Many risk factors for the development of CSDH have been described in the literature. […] These factors include old age, direct or indirect head trauma, coagulopathy, and treatment with antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants. […] Patients with high risks for developing a CSDH have to be identified and consequently the diagnosis must be suspected even with mild symptoms. […] The prognosis will depend on the early diagnosis and the administration of prompt appropriate treatment.

• #82 Recurrence of Subdural Haematoma in a Population-Based Cohort – Risks and Predictive Factors | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0140450

  Subdural haematoma (SDH) is one of the most common intracranial bleedings and frequently recur after discharge from the hospital. The reported recurrence risks of SDH in the literature of 933% among selected populations of surgically treated cases are difficult to interpret and remain to be estimated as a rate or annual risk. […] Based on the close to complete Danish health registers and an unselected, population-based cohort with up to 16 years of follow-up, we investigated the recurrence risks associated with a wide spectrum of potential predictors for recurrent SDH for both surgically- and conservatively treated patients. […] The cumulative risk of a recurrent SDH was found to be 15% and largely limited to the first year after the primary event. Co-morbidities and other patient characteristics greatly influence the recurrence risk of SDH. The very high risks observed for individuals with selected combinations of predictors suggest more individualised prognostic information and follow-up.

• #83 Chronic Subdural Hematoma (25.03.2022)

  https://di.aerzteblatt.de/int/archive/article/224169

  Chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) is most common in the elderly. Its incidence seems to be rising as the population ages (1), but it varies (1.72 to 20.6 per 100 000 persons/year [2, 3]) as a function of multiple factors, including sex (male predominance) and age distribution. For example, a Finnish study (1) revealed a marked effect of age on incidence (1), with an increase from 18.2/100 000 in the seventh decade to 52.1/100 000 in the eighth, 130.3/100 000 in the ninth, and 125/100 000 in persons aged 90 and older (study period: 20112015). The rising use of antithrombotics also seems to favor the development of cSDH (4, 5); according to a case-control study, both anticoagulants and platelet inhibitors increase the risk of cSDH (6). […] The optimal management of antithrombotic medication remains an unresolved issue (12): medications are often discontinued for fear of acute bleeding and an increased risk of recurrence. There is still no generally accepted scheme for managing antithrombotic drugs in patients with cSDH, who often suffer from multiple comorbidities; uncertainty arises from the trade-off of opposing risks (thrombotic complications versus cSDH recurrence or acute bleeding into a cSDH) (12,17).

• #84 Chronic Subdural Hematoma (25.03.2022)

  https://di.aerzteblatt.de/int/archive/article/224169

  Chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) is most common in the elderly. Its incidence seems to be rising as the population ages (1), but it varies (1.72 to 20.6 per 100 000 persons/year [2, 3]) as a function of multiple factors, including sex (male predominance) and age distribution. For example, a Finnish study (1) revealed a marked effect of age on incidence (1), with an increase from 18.2/100 000 in the seventh decade to 52.1/100 000 in the eighth, 130.3/100 000 in the ninth, and 125/100 000 in persons aged 90 and older (study period: 20112015). The rising use of antithrombotics also seems to favor the development of cSDH (4, 5); according to a case-control study, both anticoagulants and platelet inhibitors increase the risk of cSDH (6). […] The optimal management of antithrombotic medication remains an unresolved issue (12): medications are often discontinued for fear of acute bleeding and an increased risk of recurrence. There is still no generally accepted scheme for managing antithrombotic drugs in patients with cSDH, who often suffer from multiple comorbidities; uncertainty arises from the trade-off of opposing risks (thrombotic complications versus cSDH recurrence or acute bleeding into a cSDH) (12,17).

• #85

  https://smw.ch/index.php/smw/article/view/2266

  Chronic subdural haematoma (cSDH), one of the most common neurosurgical entities, occurs typically in elderly patients. The incidence is expected to double by the year 2030, owing to the continuous aging of the population. […] Studies evaluating the natural history and conservative treatment modalities of cSDH remain sparse and are predominantly of low level of evidence. […] In conclusion, our knowledge of the conservative treatment modalities for cSDH is sparse and based on small case series and low grade evidence. However, some treatment modalities seem promising even in symptomatic patients with large haematomas. Randomised controlled trials are currently underway, and will hopefully provide us with good evidence for or against the conservative treatment of cSDH.

• #86 The epidemiology, risk factors, and impact on hospital mortality of status epilepticus after subdural hematoma in the United States | SpringerPlus | Full Text

  https://springerplus.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/2193-1801-3-332

  The association between SDH and seizures and SE is repeatedly referenced in academic literature. […] In our analyses, the prevalence of SE among SDH patients was low (0.5%) with increasing prevalence over the course of study. […] Major organ dysfunction was correlated to the diagnosis of SE. […] We demonstrate that SE in patients with a diagnosis of SDH is associated with an increased risk of mortality (OR 2.17, p0.001). […] Increased utilization of EEG studies may positively impact in-hospital mortality through improved diagnosis in this patient cohort.

• #87 Population-based estimates suggest middle meningeal artery embolization for subdural hematomas could significantly expand the scope of neurovascular therapies | Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery

  https://jnis.bmj.com/content/17/4/438

  Population-based estimates suggest middle meningeal artery embolization for subdural hematomas could significantly expand the scope of neurovascular therapies. […] This study approaches the epidemiology of subdural hematomas in the setting of MMAE, aiming to identify a population that could be eligible for this procedure. […] The incidence and prevalence of chronic SDH have been increasing in recent years, reflecting the trends of the aging demographic, with the highest rates observed in individuals aged 70 years. […] Studies have reported an annual incidence ranging from 1.72 to 18.8 cases per 100000 person-years in the general population. […] However, in older people, much higher rates have been reported ranging from 58/100 000 persons/year to 127/100 000 persons/year in those aged 80 years. […] The mortality rate associated with chronic SDH ranges from 4% to 30%. […] Our projections suggest that the demographic eligible for MMAE of around 140000 cases per year could surpass even that of large vessel strokes.

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