Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Subdural haematoma – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/416

  Subdural haematoma (SDH) has a variable disease course, depending on size of haematoma, age of the patient, presenting neurological signs/symptoms, presence of underlying coagulopathy or neoplasm, and associated injuries. […] Control of raised intracranial pressure using head-of-bed elevation, analgesics, intubation with anaesthetics and sedation, hyperosmolar treatment, barbiturates, or decompressive hemicraniectomy may be required. […] Treatment complications include early or delayed re-accumulation of SDH, seizures, vascular injury to cortical veins and arteries or dural sinuses adjacent to the haematoma, strokes, persistent neurological deficit, coma, and death. […] While the presence of SDH can be inferred by neurological decline and mechanism of traumatic injury, the diagnosis is typically made radiographically (computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging).

• #1 Subdural hematoma – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subdural_hematoma

  The symptoms of a subdural hematoma have a slower onset than those of epidural hematomas because the lower-pressure veins involved bleed more slowly than arteries. Signs and symptoms of acute hematomas may appear in minutes, if not immediately, but can also be delayed as much as two weeks. Symptoms of chronic subdural hematomas are usually delayed more than three weeks after injury. […] If the bleeds are large enough to put pressure on the brain, signs of increased intracranial pressure or brain damage will be present. Other symptoms of subdural hematoma can include any combination of the following: Loss of consciousness or fluctuating levels of consciousness, Irritability, Seizures, Pain, Numbness, Headache (either constant or fluctuating), Dizziness, Disorientation, Amnesia, Weakness or lethargy, Nausea or vomiting, Loss of appetite, Personality changes, Inability to speak or slurred speech, Ataxia, or difficulty walking, Loss of muscle control, Altered breathing patterns, Hearing loss or ringing in the ears (tinnitus), Blurred vision, Deviated gaze, or abnormal movement of the eyes.

• #1 Subdural Hematoma: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment | Metropolis Healthcare

  https://www.metropolisindia.com/blog/preventive-healthcare/subdural-hematoma-causes-symptoms-and-treatment

  Subacute Subdural Hematomas: Develops within two to 10 days of a head injury. Symptoms usually emerge hours to weeks after the head injury. These hematomas often accompany concussions. […] Chronic Subdural Hematomas: Common in people over 65 years old, these result from slow bleeding and delayed symptom development. Even minor head injuries can cause chronic subdural hematomas.

• #1 Subdural Hematoma: Causes, Types, Symptoms, Risks & Recovery

  https://www.webmd.com/brain/subdural-hematoma-symptoms-causes-treatments

  Symptoms of a subdural hematoma mostly depend on the rate of bleeding. […] In head injuries with sudden, serious bleeding that causes a subdural hematoma, a person may pass out right away or even go into a coma. […] But other times, a person may appear normal for days after a head injury, only to slowly become confused and then pass out several days later. This results from a slower rate of bleeding, causing a slowly enlarging subdural hematoma. […] In very slow-growing subdural hematomas, there may be no noticeable symptoms for more than 2 weeks after the bleeding starts. […] The general symptoms of a subdural hematoma include: Headache, Confusion, Change in behavior, Dizziness, Nausea and vomiting, Lethargy or excessive drowsiness, Weakness, Apathy, Seizures, Unequal pupil size, Loss of movement on the opposite side of your body as the head injury, Enlarged head in babies, Memory loss, Slurred speech, Vision changes.

• #1

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/subdural-haematoma/symptoms/

  The symptoms of a subdural haematoma can develop soon after a severe head injury, or gradually over days or weeks after a more minor head injury. […] Symptoms of a subdural haematoma can include: a headache that keeps getting worse, feeling and being sick, confusion, personality changes, such as being unusually aggressive or having rapid mood swings, feeling drowsy and finding it difficult to keep your eyes open, speech problems, such as slurred speech, problems with your vision, such as double vision, paralysis (loss of movement) on one side of the body, problems walking and frequent falls, fits (seizures), loss of consciousness. […] These symptoms can often be mistaken for other conditions, such as strokes, infections or dementia.

• #1 Subdural Hematoma: Causes, Types, Symptoms, Risks & Recovery

  https://www.webmd.com/brain/subdural-hematoma-symptoms-causes-treatments

  Chronic subdural hematomas are most likely to occur in older adults who experience natural brain atrophy. […] Symptoms of chronic subdural hematomas usually develop slowly. They can be subtle and easily mistaken for other conditions, such as brain tumor, stroke, or dementia in older people. The symptoms include confusion, difficulty swallowing, trouble walking, drowsiness, and numbness in your arms, legs, or face. In some cases, you may not experience any symptoms at all. […] If you think you might have a chronic subdural hematoma, you should have your doctor check for one, as the condition will not go away on its own and can be life-threatening if left untreated. […] Some people who have a subdural hematoma may undergo a period of apparently normal functioning between the initial head injury and the onset of symptoms. During this time, blood continues to pool in the cranial tissue. This is known as the lucid interval, and it was once believed to only occur in cases of epidural hematoma. But now it’s recognized as part of many people’s subdural hematoma experience. Unlike the lucid interval in epidural hematomas, which typically lasts 4 hours or less, there is no upper limit to how long it can last in subdural hematoma cases.

• #1 Intracranial hematoma – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/intracranial-hematoma/symptoms-causes/syc-20356145

  Symptoms of an intracranial hematoma may develop right after a head injury, or they may take weeks or longer to appear. There may be a period of time without symptoms after a head injury. This is called the lucid interval. […] Over time, pressure on the brain increases, producing some or all of the following symptoms: Headache that gets worse. Vomiting. Drowsiness and gradual loss of consciousness. Dizziness. Confusion. Pupils that are different sizes. Slurred speech. Loss of movement, known as paralysis, on the opposite side of the body from the head injury. […] As more blood fills the brain or the narrow space between the brain and skull, other symptoms may appear, such as: Feeling very sleepy or sluggish. Seizures. Loss of consciousness. […] A subdural hematoma occurs when blood vessels burst between the brain and the outermost of three protective layers that cover the brain. This outermost layer is called the dura mater. The leaking blood forms a hematoma that presses on brain tissue. A hematoma that gets bigger can cause gradual loss of consciousness and possibly death.

• #1 What Is Chronic Subdural Hematoma?

  https://www.healthline.com/health/chronic-subdural-hematoma

  A chronic SDH doesnt always produce symptoms. When it does, it generally requires surgical treatment. […] Symptoms of this condition include: headaches, nausea, vomiting, trouble walking, impaired memory, problems with vision, seizures, trouble with speech, trouble swallowing, confusion, numb or weak face, arms, or legs, lethargy, weakness or paralysis, coma. […] The exact symptoms that appear depend on the location and size of your hematoma. Some symptoms occur more often than others. Up to 80 percent of people with this type of hematoma have headaches. […] If your clot is large, loss of the ability to move (paralysis) can occur. You might also become unconscious and slip into a coma. A chronic SDH that puts severe pressure on the brain can cause permanent brain damage and even death. […] If you or someone you know exhibits symptoms of this condition, its important to seek prompt medical help. People who have seizures or lose consciousness need emergency care.

• #1 Subdural Hematoma 2 Months Later | Dr. Gurneet Sawhney

  https://drgurneetsawhney.com/blog/understanding-subdural-hematoma-2-months-later/

  Subdural hematomas can sometimes present symptoms weeks or even months after the initial injury. […] Two months post-injury, individuals might experience: Persistent or worsening headache that doesn’t respond to typical pain relievers. […] Cognitive impairments, including difficulties with memory, concentration, or decision-making. […] Motor deficits, such as weakness or numbness in limbs, often on one side of the body. […] Speech difficulties, including slurred speech or trouble finding the right words. […] Visual disturbances causing blurred or double vision. […] New-onset seizures without a prior history. […] These symptoms arise due to the gradual accumulation of blood, which increases pressure on the brain tissues, leading to neurological deficits. […] In summary, subdural hematomas can present delayed symptoms, underscoring the importance of vigilance after head injuries. Early detection and appropriate treatment are crucial for optimal recovery.

• #1 Subdural Hematoma: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21183-subdural-hematoma

  A subdural hematoma is a type of bleeding near your brain that can happen after a head injury. Symptoms like a headache and slurred speech can develop right after the injury or days to months later. […] Symptoms of a subdural hematoma may appear immediately following trauma to your head. Or they may develop over time even weeks to months after the injury. […] Signs and symptoms of a subdural hematoma include: A headache that doesn’t go away. It’s usually severe in acute subdural hematomas. […] As bleeding continues and the pressure in your brain increases, symptoms can get worse. Severe symptoms include: Paralysis. […] Sometimes, people have no symptoms immediately following a head injury. This is called a lucid interval. They develop symptoms days later. […] Symptoms of chronic subdural hematoma may also include: Memory loss. […] If you have a subdural hematoma, your prognosis (outlook) depends on: Your age. […] About half of people with large acute hematomas survive, but they often have permanent brain damage. […] Without treatment, large hematomas can lead to coma and death.

• #1 Chronic subdural haematoma (cSDH) | CUH

  https://www.cuh.nhs.uk/patient-information/chronic-subdural-haematoma-csdh/

  Most cSDH are small and do not cause any symptoms. However, some can slowly expand to compress and irritate the brain. This generally causes symptoms such as weakness of an arm or a leg, a facial droop on one side of the body or difficulty communicating. Occasionally, symptoms can occur suddenly, for example by causing a seizure or fit. […] As well as these more specific symptoms, many patients exhibit other symptoms including: headache (generalised or localised to one side of the head or area) that may be mild or severe and progressively worse over time, confusion, drowsiness, dizziness, new unsteadiness on feet, nausea and/or vomiting, blackout (period of unconsciousness) and collapse. […] Different combinations of symptoms may present and change with time. Whilst confusion is often a symptom that leads to a brain scan and the identification of a cSDH, on its own, it is rarely related. Symptoms such as arm or leg weakness, speech difficulties or headaches are a better indicator that the cSDH is causing a problem.

• #1 Subdural Hematoma Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1137207-clinical

  Acute traumatic SDH often results from falls, violence, or motor vehicle accidents. Suspect acute SDH whenever the patient has experienced moderately severe to severe blunt head trauma. The clinical presentation depends on the location of the lesion and the rate at which it develops. Often, patients are rendered comatose at the time of the injury. A subset of patients remain conscious; others deteriorate in a delayed fashion as the hematoma expands. […] Clinical presentation for chronic SDH is often insidious, with symptoms that include the following: Decreased level of consciousness, Headache, Difficulty with gait or balance, Cognitive dysfunction or memory loss, Personality change, Motor deficit (eg, hemiparesis), Aphasia. […] Headache and confusion appear to be the most common presenting features, occurring in as many as 90% and 56% of cases, respectively. In 75% of cases, the headache had at least one of the following characteristics: Sudden onset, Severe pain, Accompanying nausea and vomiting, Exacerbation by coughing, straining, or exercise.

• #1 Subdural hematoma : MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000713.htm

  A subdural hematoma is a collection of blood between the covering of the brain (dura) and the surface of the brain. […] Depending on the size of the hematoma and where it presses on the brain, any of the following symptoms may occur: Drowsiness, confusion, or coma; Decreased memory; Problem speaking or swallowing; Problems with balance or walking; Headache; Seizures or loss of consciousness; Nausea and vomiting; Weakness or numbness of arms, legs, face; Vision problems; Behavioral changes or psychosis. […] In infants, symptoms may include: Bulging fontanelles (the soft spots of the baby’s skull); Separated sutures (the areas where growing skull bones join); Feeding problems; Seizures; High-pitched cry, irritability; Increased head size (circumference); Increased sleepiness or lethargy; Persistent vomiting.

• #1 Subdural Hematoma Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1137207-clinical

  Hemiparesis and decreased level of consciousness are common, occurring in approximately 58% and 40%, respectively. […] The clinical presentation of a patient with an acute SDH depends on the size of the hematoma and the degree of any associated parenchymal brain injury. Symptoms associated with acute SDH include the following: Headache, Nausea, Confusion, Personality change, Decreased level of consciousness, Speech difficulties, Other change in mental status, Impaired vision or double vision, Weakness. […] Neurologic findings associated with acute SDH may include the following: Altered level of consciousness, A dilated or nonreactive pupil ipsilateral to the hematoma, Hemiparesis contralateral to the hematoma. […] Patients may have a lucid interval after developing a traumatic SDH. In addition, initial CT scan findings may be negative (ie, delayed intracranial hemorrhage). […] Chronic SDHs have been reported to be bilateral in 8.732% of cases.

• #1 What Is a Subdural Hematoma?

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-is-a-subdural-hemorrhage-3146102

  Symptoms of a subdural hematoma can include headaches, confusion, loss of consciousness, a seizure, or paralysis on one side of the body. […] Symptoms of a subdural hematoma can develop slowly or quickly, depending on how rapidly the blood accumulates. […] Symptoms may include: Blood pressure fluctuations, Dizziness, Drowsiness, Feeling off balance, Headaches, Inability to breathe, Lethargy (extreme tiredness), Loss of consciousness, Personality changes, Seizures, Weakness, numbness, or loss of sensation on one side of the body. […] Sometimes, a subdural hematoma occurs suddenly, with rapid accumulation of blood. But for people who have fragile blood vessels, minor trauma can cause recurrent bleeding, with subtle and slowly worsening symptoms. […] If the blood causes significant pressure on the brain, a subdural hematoma can cause coma or death.

• #1 Subdural Hematoma | Symptoms, treatment & recovery | SportsMD

  https://www.sportsmd.com/concussions-head-injuries/subdural-hematoma/

  Symptoms from a subdural hematoma that cause a change in personality or intellect are most often seen as lethargy, difficulty with concentration and apathy. An injured athlete can also display confusion, become disorientated or show increased aggressiveness. They may have difficulty with short-term memory or simple calculations. The patient may also have an altered level of consciousness. […] The prognosis following treatment is best correlated with how the patient was on presentation. The Glascow coma scale (GSC) is a standardized assessment of a patients neurologic status that is used with many different head injuries and is the best predictor of how a patient will recover following a subdural hematoma. Other factors like elevated intracranial pressure, increased patient age, and abnormalities of the pupils are indicators of a poorer prognosis. The mortality rate following an acute subdural hematoma can be as high as 80% and survivors do not always regain the same level of pre-injury function.

• #1 Subdural hematoma : MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000713.htm

  The outlook depends on the type and location of head injury, the size of the blood collection, and how soon treatment is started. Acute subdural hematomas have high rates of death and brain injury. Chronic subdural hematomas have better outcomes in most cases. Symptoms often go away after the blood collection is drained. Physical therapy is sometimes needed to help the person get back to their usual level of functioning. […] Seizures often occur at the time the hematoma forms, or up to months or years after treatment. But medicines can help control the seizures.

• #1 Pulsenotes | CSDH

  https://app.pulsenotes.com/surgery/neurosurgery/notes/chronic-subdural-haematoma

  Subdural haematoma is a collection of blood in the subdural space. […] A CSDH invariably starts out as an acute subdural haematoma. There is often an initial injury that may be trivial at the time (if the patient can recall it) which slowly becomes chronic over time. […] CSDH tends to affect elderly patients more than younger patients and the mechanism of injury is usually innocuous. Due to the degree of brain atrophy the intracranial vault is able to accommodate a significant amount of blood before symptoms develop, which is often the reason why patients present several weeks to months following the injury. […] Patients most typically present with an insidious onset of headaches. […] A variety of signs and symptoms may develop following a subdural haematoma, which may be many weeks or months following the initial injury. Global neurological deficits (e.g. altered consciousness) are more commonly seen than focal neurological deficits (e.g. contralateral weakness). […] Symptoms include headache, nausea, vomiting, weakness (hemiparesis), speech disturbance (if dominant hemisphere affected), and personality changes (emotional outbursts, mania, depression). […] A common complication of CSDH is seizures due to direct cortical irritation.

• #1 Subdural Hematoma: Causes, Types, Symptoms, Risks & Recovery

  https://www.webmd.com/brain/subdural-hematoma-symptoms-causes-treatments

  Worsening symptoms of subdural hematomas can include: Paralysis, Seizures, Breathing problems, Loss of consciousness, Coma. […] The symptoms and their severity will vary depending on your age, underlying medical conditions, how large the bleed is, and what type of subdural hematoma you have. […] Acute subdural hematomas are most often associated with head trauma. After a blow to the skull, veins below the dura matter might rupture, causing pressure on the brain. Symptoms such as confusion, dizziness, nausea, or loss of consciousness appear within hours or even minutes of the injury. People with acute subdural hematomas need medical attention as quickly as possible. […] In people with subacute subdural hematomas, bleeding under the dura matter is more gradual. These bleeds are usually caused by a head injury, but the symptoms, such as vomiting and intense headaches, emerge over days or even weeks, rather than in the immediate aftermath. The condition is still dangerous and may require treatment, but it is not as deadly as an acute subdural hematoma.

• #1

  https://step2.medbullets.com/neurology/120300/subdural-hematoma

  A 76-year-old man presents to the emergency department with increasing somnolence and lethargy. His symptoms developed on the day of admission. His symptoms are associated with a headache with mild nausea but no vomiting. He tripped over a carpet and hit his head on the floor. A head CT without contrast demonstrates a crescent-shaped hyperdensity that crosses the suture lines. […] Symptoms/physical exam […] acute subdural hematoma […] coma […] symptoms of increased intracranial pressure if the bleeding occurs in the posterior fossa […] headache […] nausea and vomiting […] cranial nerve palsies […] chronic subdural hematoma […] headache […] cognitive impairment […] somnolence.

• #1 Intracranial hematoma – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/intracranial-hematoma/symptoms-causes/syc-20356145

  Subdural hematomas can be: Acute. This most dangerous type is generally caused by a bad head injury, and symptoms usually appear immediately. […] Subacute. Symptoms take time to develop, sometimes days or weeks after a head injury. […] Chronic. The result of less severe head injuries, this type of hematoma can cause slow bleeding, and symptoms can take weeks and even months to appear. You might not remember hurting your head. For example, bumping your head while getting into the car can cause bleeding, especially if you’re on a blood-thinning medicine. […] All three types require medical attention as soon as symptoms appear. Prompt medical care may prevent permanent brain damage.

• #1 What Is a Subdural Hemorrhage?

  https://www.rwjbh.org/treatment-care/neuroscience/neurology/conditions/subdural-hemorrhage/

  The symptoms of subdural hemorrhage are related to the increased pressure on the brain. The pressure makes it more difficult for the neurons in the brain to transmit information. The symptoms of a brain bleed are similar to a stroke since the pressure on the brain can reduce or cut off the flow of blood to that area of the brain. These symptoms include: Headache, Vomiting, Difficulty walking, Difficulty balancing, Vision changes, Muscle weakness, Numbness or paralysis, Confusion, Drowsiness, Slurred speech, Unconsciousness. […] If left untreated, a subdural hemorrhage can lead to paralysis, decreased breathing, and death. […] In a subacute injury, the symptoms appear more slowly, possibly days or weeks after the head injury. This means that the bleeding is slower and the pressure against the brain is taking more time to build. Even though a subacute hemorrhage is less dangerous, it can also be life-threatening if it’s not treated. […] A chronic subdural hemorrhage takes even longer to show symptoms. It may be weeks or months after a head injury before a chronic hemorrhage causes any symptoms.

• #1

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10143-024-02465-2

  W grupie A objętość i przesunięcie linii środkowej znacznie wzrosły podczas postępu od ostrego do przewlekłego (p0.001, resp.). […] Wydajność kliniczna (zmodyfikowana skala Rankina, skala Glasgow) znacznie spadła (p=0.035, p0.001, resp.). […] Pacjenci z DOC przed operacją mieli znacznie większe przesunięcie linii środkowej, ale nie większą objętość ASDH na początkowym badaniu CT (5.9 vs. 4 mm, p=0.025; 57.2 vs. 47.6 ml, p=0.357; resp.). […] W naszym badaniu czas mediany między urazem z ASDH a operacją dla CSDH wynosił 12 dni. […] Jeśli ASDH przekształca się w CSDH, leczenie może stać się konieczne wcześnie z powodu wzrostu objętości i przesunięcia linii środkowej. […] Bliskie monitorowanie tych pacjentów jest kluczowe, ponieważ DOC i szybkie pogorszenie są powszechne w tym typie SDH.

• #1 Subdural hematoma – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subdural_hematoma

  Acute subdural hematomas are often life-threatening. Chronic subdural hematomas have a better prognosis if properly managed. […] Chronic subdural bleeds develop over a period of days to weeks, often after minor head trauma, though a cause is not identifiable in 50% of patients. They may not be discovered until they present clinically months or years after a head injury. The bleeding from a chronic hematoma is slow and usually stops by itself. Because these hematomas progress slowly, they can more often be stopped before they cause significant damage, especially if they are less than a centimeter wide.

• #1 Subdural Haematoma: Symptoms and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/subdural-haematoma-pro

  A subdural haematoma (SDH) is a collection of clotting blood that forms in the subdural space. This may be: […] In the subacute phase the collection of clotted blood liquifies. In the chronic phase it becomes a collection of serous fluid in the subdural space. […] Acute SDH usually presents shortly after a moderate-to-severe head injury. […] Chronic SDH usually presents about 2-3 weeks following the provoking trauma. […] Symptoms tend to be gradually progressive. […] There is often a history of anorexia, nausea and/or vomiting. […] There may be a gradually evolving neurological deficit such as focal limb weakness, speech difficulties, increasing drowsiness/confusion or personality changes. […] If there is accompanying and progressive headache, this should raise suspicion of the diagnosis.

• #1

  https://www.bumrungrad.com/en/health-blog/april-2023/chronic-subdural-hemorrhage

  Chronic subdural hemorrhage is a condition in which blood slowly leaks beneath the outermost layer of the dura, occurring in about 25% of people who suffer head injuries, often developing 3-4 weeks after an accident involving severe shaking or impact to the head. […] The gradual nature of the condition means patients may initially present with no symptoms or only experience very mild symptoms for several weeks or months, with more obvious symptoms only starting to appear when significant bleeding has occurred, and the brain’s function is impaired. […] The symptoms of chronic subdural hemorrhage include persistent headaches, dizziness, loss of balance, difficulty walking, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, confusion, difficulty speaking, lethargy, nervous system abnormalities, weakness in the arms and legs, memory loss, and personality changes, especially prevalent in the elderly. […] In case of severe bleeding in the brain, the patient’s situation may deteriorate and involve symptoms such as paralysis, seizures, breathing difficulties, and loss of consciousness.

• #1 Intracranial Hematomas – Injuries and Poisoning – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/injuries-and-poisoning/head-injuries/intracranial-hematomas

  Chronic subdural hematomas are more common among people with alcohol use disorder, older adults, and people who take medications that make blood less likely to clot (anticoagulants or antiplatelets). […] By the time symptoms are noticeable, a chronic subdural hematoma may be very large. Chronic hematomas are less likely than acute hematomas to cause a rapid increase of pressure within the skull. […] In older adults, the brain shrinks slightly, stretching the bridging veins and making them more likely to be torn if an injury, even a minor one, occurs. […] Blood that remains after a subdural hematoma is slowly reabsorbed. After the blood is resorbed from a hematoma, the brain may not re-expand as well in older adults as in younger people. […] Did You Know… An older adult with symptoms of dementia may instead have a subdural hematoma, which can be effectively treated.

• #1 Subdural Hematoma – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532970/

  A subdural hematoma forms because of an accumulation of blood under the dura mater, one of the protective layers to the brain tissue under the calvarium. […] A small extravasation may resolve spontaneously. A larger bleed may augment the distance between the bridging veins and trigger an extensive amount of blood layering around the brain, slowly augmenting subdural space, decreasing the space of the brain leading to herniation of the cerebral structures. […] The prognosis of children affected by subdural hematoma is widely variable and depends on the extent of the intracranial injury. Many cases of subdural hematoma either traumatic or abusive remain undetected. However, many children live with severe neurological deficits including seizures, neurodevelopmental delay with static encephalopathy because of severe, devastating neurological injury.

• #1 Subdural Hematoma – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532970/

  A subdural hematoma is not a benign disorder; mortality rates of 30% to 80% have been reported. Even those who survive may never fully regain functioning. Good outcomes are seen in less than one-third of patients. Younger patients tend to have better outcomes compared to older individuals. However, the ultimate prognosis depends on the cause and extent of brain injury. Those patients with minimal brain parenchymal injury have the best outcomes.

• #1 What Is a Subdural Hematoma?

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-is-a-subdural-hemorrhage-3146102

  A chronic subdural hematoma can be asymptomatic (with few, if any, symptoms) for a long time. A subacute subdural hematoma can be asymptomatic for a few days until symptoms are recognized. […] Recovery is possible after a subdural hematoma. Often, people have some disability after recovery, and sometimes the effects can be fatal. […] It can be hard to predict how well you will recover. The sooner you get medical treatment, the more likely you are to have a good recovery.

• #1 Acute Subdural Hematomas – Neurosurgery | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/medical-services/neurosurgery/conditions-treated/acute-subdural-hematomas

  An acute subdural hematoma (SDH) is a clot of blood that develops between the surface of the brain and the dura mater, the brains tough outer covering, usually due to stretching and tearing of veins on the brains surface. These veins rupture when a head injury suddenly jolts or shakes the brain. […] Traumatic acute SDHs are among the most lethal of all head injuries. Associated with more severe generalized brain injury, they often occur with cerebral contusions. […] The mortality rate for patients with an acute SDH ranges from 50 percent to 90 percent. A significant percentage of these deaths result from the underlying brain injury and pressure on the brain that develops in the days after injury. […] Approximately 20 percent to 30 percent of patients will recover full or partial brain function. Postoperative seizures are relatively common in these patients. […] Favorable outcomes are most common in patients who receive rapid treatment, younger adults, patients with a GCS score above 6 or 7 and reactive pupils, and those without multiple cerebral contusions or unmanageable pressure on the brain.

• #1 Subdural hematoma Guide: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Options

  https://www.drugs.com/health-guide/subdural-hematoma.html

  An acute subdural hemorrhage develops over minutes to hours. If not diagnosed and treated promptly, it can cause severe brain injury and sometimes death. […] A chronic subdural hemorrhage develops over many days to weeks. The symptoms may be subtle and develop so slowly that the person and family are not alarmed. […] As is the case with any brain injury, symptoms can be slow to go away after treatment. Some symptoms may be permanent.

• #1 Treating Subdural Hematoma Symptoms | University of Utah Health

  https://healthcare.utah.edu/neurosciences/neurosurgery/subdural-hematoma

  The most common symptoms of acute and chronic subdural hematomas include: headache, confusion, changes in behavior, dizziness, nausea and vomiting, fatigue, weakness on one side of the body, difficulty with walking, disinterest in normal activities, and seizures. […] These symptoms may appear immediately after a head injury or develop over time. Some people will not experience any symptoms for several weeks. Frequently, in patients who have chronic (non-acute) subdural hematomas, they may not even remember experiencing a head injury in the past. […] With effective treatment, the vast majority of chronic subdural hematomas will go away for patients. Many patients will also notice a reduction in symptoms such as decreased headaches, improved walking, and more energy.

• #1 Subdural Hematoma: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatments

  https://www.healthline.com/health/subdural-hematoma

  Subdural hematomas can be life-threatening, especially when they occur after a serious brain injury. […] Acute subdural hematomas cause symptoms right away. Chronic subdural hematomas may not cause any symptoms at first but, over time, can lead to serious ones. […] Symptoms of chronic subdural hematomas aren’t noticeable immediately and may not appear for several weeks. The most common symptom is headache, which is reported in up to 80 percent of cases. […] Common symptoms of a subdural hematoma are: slurred speech, loss of consciousness or coma, loss of function on one side of the body, seizures, numbness, drowsiness, severe headaches, weakness, walking problems, visual problems, confusion, personality changes, nausea or vomiting. […] You should go to the doctor or emergency department right away if you or someone you’re caring for have any of these symptoms. These symptoms are also signs of other very serious health conditions. Symptoms of chronic subdural hematoma can be similar to the symptoms of dementia, stroke, tumors, or other problems in the brain.

• #1 Subdural Hematoma | SpinalCord.com

  https://www.spinalcord.com/subdural-hematoma

  A subdural hematoma is a serious, and potentially life-threatening, head injury that occurs when blood collects between the brain’s cover (known as the dura) and its surface. […] A subdural hematoma is not something you can diagnose at home, though you may suspect you have one based on symptoms. […] Any head injury is a medical emergency that has the potential to become life-threatening. So if you have recently suffered a blow to the head, have signs of a stroke, or have experienced a change in consciousness or personality, don’t delay seeking medical help. […] Most people who experience a subdural hematoma have suffered a blow to the head or fall, so seek immediate medical attention if this happens to you. Some symptoms to watch for include: Changes in consciousness, including fainting or falling asleep.

• #1

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=abr7774

  The buildup of blood inside the skull can put pressure on the brain. This may cause symptoms, such as a severe headache, confusion, or seizures. […] With an acute hematoma, symptoms start soon after the injury. […] With a chronic hematoma, it may be days or weeks before symptoms appear. […] Bleeding inside the skull may get worse over time. So it is very important to pay attention to your symptoms. […] You have new symptoms, such as headaches, trouble concentrating, or changes in mood.

• #1 Diagnosed with subdural hematoma after a fall: What to expect? | Mayo Clinic Connect

  https://connect.mayoclinic.org/discussion/subdural-hematoma/

  Three weeks ago I had a bad fall. […] A couple of days after the fall, I had a mild headache that didn’t go away. […] A hematoma is like a blood clot in the brain. […] when the physician said „small” it would lead me to believe that it will absorb gradually. […] Please insist on a follow-up appointment and a consult with neurology to make sure the subdural hematoma has absorbed. […] He was optimistic that the bleeding would stop and that the hematoma would resolve on its own. […] If there are any changes within that week’s period of time……head straight to the ER. […] I had a mild to moderate headache that didn’t go away for several months. […] In April, my Connecticut APRN finally ordered a CT scan and a SDH was prominent. […] A month later it remained and was growing. […] Advise here is stay on this, and insist on follow up. […] MMA – Middle Meningeal Artery embolization. […] Unfortunately my SDH continued to grow – while slightly, it needed another more involved procedure a month later.

• #1 Delayed Symptomatic Subdural Hematoma Following an Initially Normal CT Head | PSNet

  https://psnet.ahrq.gov/web-mm/delayed-symptomatic-subdural-hematoma-following-initially-normal-ct-head

  A man in his mid-50s presented to the hospital for a persistent headache after a sledding injury with his son 4 days earlier. […] About three weeks later, the patient saw his primary care physician (PCP), still complaining of ongoing headache that sometimes kept him up at night, for which he was using over-the-counter ibuprofen, as well as some forgetfulness and concentration difficulties as he tried going back to work. […] However, about two weeks later, the patients wife insisted that he go back to the hospital for worsening cognition plus increased use of ibuprofen for headache. […] Delayed acute subdural hematoma is a rare phenomenon that can develop in patients with head injury whose initial brain imaging is negative for intracranial hemorrhage. […] Risk factors include older age, antiplatelet or anticoagulation use, and the presence of subdural hygromas on initial brain imaging. […] Repeat brain imaging may be warranted in patients with these risk factors and persistent symptoms; head imaging is always indicated in the setting of worsening symptoms. […] Nocturnal headaches that keep patients from sleeping should prompt brain imaging to rule-out a mass lesion.

• #2 Subdural hematoma – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice US

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/416

  Subdural hematoma (SDH) has a variable disease course, depending on size of hematoma, age of the patient, presenting neurologic signs/symptoms, presence of underlying coagulopathy or neoplasm, and associated injuries. […] Control of elevated intracranial pressure using head-of-bed elevation, analgesics, intubation with anesthetics and sedation, hyperosmolar treatment, barbiturates, or decompressive hemicraniectomy may be required. […] Treatment complications include early or delayed reaccumulation of SDH, seizures, vascular injury to cortical veins and arteries or dural sinuses adjacent to the hematoma, strokes, persistent neurologic deficit, coma, and death. […] Key diagnostic factors include evidence of trauma, headache, nausea/vomiting, diminished eye response, diminished verbal response, diminished motor response, and confusion.

• #2 Intracranial hematoma – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/intracranial-hematoma/symptoms-causes/syc-20356145

  Subdural hematomas can be: Acute. This most dangerous type is generally caused by a bad head injury, and symptoms usually appear immediately. […] Subacute. Symptoms take time to develop, sometimes days or weeks after a head injury. […] Chronic. The result of less severe head injuries, this type of hematoma can cause slow bleeding, and symptoms can take weeks and even months to appear. You might not remember hurting your head. For example, bumping your head while getting into the car can cause bleeding, especially if you’re on a blood-thinning medicine. […] All three types require medical attention as soon as symptoms appear. Prompt medical care may prevent permanent brain damage.

• #2 Subdural Hematoma: Causes, Types, Symptoms, Risks & Recovery

  https://www.webmd.com/brain/subdural-hematoma-symptoms-causes-treatments

  Worsening symptoms of subdural hematomas can include: Paralysis, Seizures, Breathing problems, Loss of consciousness, Coma. […] The symptoms and their severity will vary depending on your age, underlying medical conditions, how large the bleed is, and what type of subdural hematoma you have. […] Acute subdural hematomas are most often associated with head trauma. After a blow to the skull, veins below the dura matter might rupture, causing pressure on the brain. Symptoms such as confusion, dizziness, nausea, or loss of consciousness appear within hours or even minutes of the injury. People with acute subdural hematomas need medical attention as quickly as possible. […] In people with subacute subdural hematomas, bleeding under the dura matter is more gradual. These bleeds are usually caused by a head injury, but the symptoms, such as vomiting and intense headaches, emerge over days or even weeks, rather than in the immediate aftermath. The condition is still dangerous and may require treatment, but it is not as deadly as an acute subdural hematoma.

• #2 Subdural hematoma Guide: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Options

  https://www.drugs.com/health-guide/subdural-hematoma.html

  An acute subdural hemorrhage develops over minutes to hours. If not diagnosed and treated promptly, it can cause severe brain injury and sometimes death. […] A chronic subdural hemorrhage develops over many days to weeks. The symptoms may be subtle and develop so slowly that the person and family are not alarmed. […] As is the case with any brain injury, symptoms can be slow to go away after treatment. Some symptoms may be permanent.

• #2 Subdural Hematoma: Causes, Types, Symptoms, Risks & Recovery

  https://www.webmd.com/brain/subdural-hematoma-symptoms-causes-treatments

  Chronic subdural hematomas are most likely to occur in older adults who experience natural brain atrophy. […] Symptoms of chronic subdural hematomas usually develop slowly. They can be subtle and easily mistaken for other conditions, such as brain tumor, stroke, or dementia in older people. The symptoms include confusion, difficulty swallowing, trouble walking, drowsiness, and numbness in your arms, legs, or face. In some cases, you may not experience any symptoms at all. […] If you think you might have a chronic subdural hematoma, you should have your doctor check for one, as the condition will not go away on its own and can be life-threatening if left untreated. […] Some people who have a subdural hematoma may undergo a period of apparently normal functioning between the initial head injury and the onset of symptoms. During this time, blood continues to pool in the cranial tissue. This is known as the lucid interval, and it was once believed to only occur in cases of epidural hematoma. But now it’s recognized as part of many people’s subdural hematoma experience. Unlike the lucid interval in epidural hematomas, which typically lasts 4 hours or less, there is no upper limit to how long it can last in subdural hematoma cases.

• #2 Subdural Hematoma: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21183-subdural-hematoma

  A subdural hematoma is a type of bleeding near your brain that can happen after a head injury. Symptoms like a headache and slurred speech can develop right after the injury or days to months later. […] Symptoms of a subdural hematoma may appear immediately following trauma to your head. Or they may develop over time even weeks to months after the injury. […] Signs and symptoms of a subdural hematoma include: A headache that doesn’t go away. It’s usually severe in acute subdural hematomas. […] As bleeding continues and the pressure in your brain increases, symptoms can get worse. Severe symptoms include: Paralysis. […] Sometimes, people have no symptoms immediately following a head injury. This is called a lucid interval. They develop symptoms days later. […] Symptoms of chronic subdural hematoma may also include: Memory loss. […] If you have a subdural hematoma, your prognosis (outlook) depends on: Your age. […] About half of people with large acute hematomas survive, but they often have permanent brain damage. […] Without treatment, large hematomas can lead to coma and death.

• #2 Subdural Hematoma: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1137207-overview

  In a large series of patients who developed intracranial hematomas requiring emergent decompression, more than half had lucid intervals and were able to make conversation between the time of their injury and subsequent deterioration. […] Acute SDH is commonly associated with extensive primary brain injury. […] Acute SDH is the most common type of traumatic intracranial hematoma, occurring in 24% of patients who present comatose. […] Chronic SDH can occur in the elderly after apparently insignificant head trauma. […] Chronic SDHs may also evolve from the liquefaction of an acute SDH, particularly one that is relatively asymptomatic. […] In patients with chronic SDH, blood flow to the thalamus and basal ganglia regions appears to be particularly affected compared to that to the rest of the brain. […] Given that the pathophysiology of chronic SDH is often directly associated with cerebral atrophy, the fact that SDHs are associated with conditions that cause cerebral atrophy is not surprising.

• #2 Subdural hematoma – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subdural_hematoma

  The symptoms of a subdural hematoma have a slower onset than those of epidural hematomas because the lower-pressure veins involved bleed more slowly than arteries. Signs and symptoms of acute hematomas may appear in minutes, if not immediately, but can also be delayed as much as two weeks. Symptoms of chronic subdural hematomas are usually delayed more than three weeks after injury. […] If the bleeds are large enough to put pressure on the brain, signs of increased intracranial pressure or brain damage will be present. Other symptoms of subdural hematoma can include any combination of the following: Loss of consciousness or fluctuating levels of consciousness, Irritability, Seizures, Pain, Numbness, Headache (either constant or fluctuating), Dizziness, Disorientation, Amnesia, Weakness or lethargy, Nausea or vomiting, Loss of appetite, Personality changes, Inability to speak or slurred speech, Ataxia, or difficulty walking, Loss of muscle control, Altered breathing patterns, Hearing loss or ringing in the ears (tinnitus), Blurred vision, Deviated gaze, or abnormal movement of the eyes.

• #2 Chronic Subdural Hematomas – Neurosurgery | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/medical-services/neurosurgery/conditions-treated/chronic-subdural-hematomas

  A chronic subdural hematoma (SDH) is an old clot of blood on the surface of the brain beneath its outer covering. […] The most common complaint is headache, seen in up to 80 percent of patients. Other symptoms include lethargy, memory impairment, confusion, weakness, nausea, vomiting, impaired vision and seizures. […] Patients with large hematomas may develop varying degrees of paralysis and coma. […] A chronic subdural hematoma may mimic a number of other brain disease and disorders, including dementia, stroke, temporary disruption of blood supply to a portion of the brain (transient ischemic attacks), encephalitis and brain lesions such as tumors or abscesses. […] Overall, 80 percent to 90 percent of patients have significant brain function improvement after drainage of a chronic SDH.

• #2

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/subdural-haematoma/

  Symptoms of a subdural haematoma can include: a headache that keeps getting worse […] The symptoms can develop soon after a severe head injury (acute subdural haematoma), or very occasionally a few days or weeks after a more minor head injury (subacute or chronic subdural haematoma).

• #2 Chronic subdural hematoma Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/chronic-subdural-hematoma

  A chronic subdural hematoma is an „old” collection of blood and blood breakdown products between the surface of the brain and its outermost covering (the dura). The chronic phase of a subdural hematoma begins several weeks after the first bleeding. […] In some cases, there may be no symptoms. However, depending on the size of the hematoma and where it presses on the brain, any of the following symptoms may occur: Drowsiness, confusion, or coma; Decreased memory; Problem speaking or swallowing; Problems with balance or walking; Headache; Seizures or loss of consciousness; Weakness or numbness of arms, legs, face; Nausea and vomiting; Vision problems; Behavioral changes or psychosis. […] Chronic subdural hematomas that cause symptoms usually do not heal on their own over time. They often require surgery, especially when there are neurologic problems, seizures, or chronic headaches.

• #2

  https://www.aurorahealthcare.org/services/neuroscience/brain-skull-base-care/brain-hemorrhage/subdural-hemorrhage

  A subdural hemorrhage, also known as a subdural hematoma, is a life-threatening medical emergency. This type of brain hemorrhage happens when blood is leaking out of a torn blood vessel and below the space of the brain and skull. This prevents the brain from getting enough oxygen. […] Understanding the signs and symptoms of subdural hematoma and seeking immediate medical attention is crucial for optimal outcomes. […] Symptoms of subdural hemorrhage may develop slowly or within hours of an injury and may include: Persistent headache that may be more severe than usual, Confusion, Weakness or numbness on one side of the body, Drowsiness, Speech and comprehension problems, Dizziness, Nausea or vomiting, Seizures. […] Acute subdural hemorrhage: A rapidly developing brain bleed, often caused by a significant head injury like a car accident or fall. Symptoms typically appear within hours or days after the injury and can be severe, requiring immediate medical intervention. […] Chronic subdural hemorrhage: A slow-growing hematoma, frequently observed in older adults or individuals with risk factors like blood thinners or alcohol abuse. Symptoms may be subtle and progress gradually, making early diagnosis more challenging.

• #2 What Is a Subdural Hematoma?

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-is-a-subdural-hemorrhage-3146102

  Symptoms of a subdural hematoma can include headaches, confusion, loss of consciousness, a seizure, or paralysis on one side of the body. […] Symptoms of a subdural hematoma can develop slowly or quickly, depending on how rapidly the blood accumulates. […] Symptoms may include: Blood pressure fluctuations, Dizziness, Drowsiness, Feeling off balance, Headaches, Inability to breathe, Lethargy (extreme tiredness), Loss of consciousness, Personality changes, Seizures, Weakness, numbness, or loss of sensation on one side of the body. […] Sometimes, a subdural hematoma occurs suddenly, with rapid accumulation of blood. But for people who have fragile blood vessels, minor trauma can cause recurrent bleeding, with subtle and slowly worsening symptoms. […] If the blood causes significant pressure on the brain, a subdural hematoma can cause coma or death.

• #2 www.LeedsNeurosurgery.com | Patient Information | Chronic Subdural Haematoma

  https://www.leedsneurosurgery.com/patients/subdural/chronic/

  A chronic subdural haemorrhage is caused by an injury to the head that isnt always a particularly significant one. Chronic subdural haematomas progress slowly over a few weeks or months. […] The symptoms of a chronic subdural can be quite vague and difficult to notice. Someone with a chronic subdural sufferer might complain of worsening memory problems, clumsiness, or drowsiness. About a third of patients with a chronic subdural haemorrhage have a fluctuating or changing conscious level. Sometimes, sufferers find that they have a weakness or a loss of sensation over one side of their body. […] Subdural haematoma is a serious condition and the outcomes can range from very good to very grave. Generally, the outlook for chronic subdural is better than that for acute subdural haematoma. However, people who have a chronic subdural haematoma often have other medical problems or are frail anyway and this can complicate their time in hospital.

• #2 Subdural hematoma : MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000713.htm

  A subdural hematoma is a collection of blood between the covering of the brain (dura) and the surface of the brain. […] Depending on the size of the hematoma and where it presses on the brain, any of the following symptoms may occur: Drowsiness, confusion, or coma; Decreased memory; Problem speaking or swallowing; Problems with balance or walking; Headache; Seizures or loss of consciousness; Nausea and vomiting; Weakness or numbness of arms, legs, face; Vision problems; Behavioral changes or psychosis. […] In infants, symptoms may include: Bulging fontanelles (the soft spots of the baby’s skull); Separated sutures (the areas where growing skull bones join); Feeding problems; Seizures; High-pitched cry, irritability; Increased head size (circumference); Increased sleepiness or lethargy; Persistent vomiting.

• #2 Subdural Hematoma | Symptoms, treatment & recovery | SportsMD

  https://www.sportsmd.com/concussions-head-injuries/subdural-hematoma/

  Symptoms from a subdural hematoma that cause a change in personality or intellect are most often seen as lethargy, difficulty with concentration and apathy. An injured athlete can also display confusion, become disorientated or show increased aggressiveness. They may have difficulty with short-term memory or simple calculations. The patient may also have an altered level of consciousness. […] The prognosis following treatment is best correlated with how the patient was on presentation. The Glascow coma scale (GSC) is a standardized assessment of a patients neurologic status that is used with many different head injuries and is the best predictor of how a patient will recover following a subdural hematoma. Other factors like elevated intracranial pressure, increased patient age, and abnormalities of the pupils are indicators of a poorer prognosis. The mortality rate following an acute subdural hematoma can be as high as 80% and survivors do not always regain the same level of pre-injury function.

• #2 Subdural Hematoma 2 Months Later | Dr. Gurneet Sawhney

  https://drgurneetsawhney.com/blog/understanding-subdural-hematoma-2-months-later/

  Subdural hematomas can sometimes present symptoms weeks or even months after the initial injury. […] Two months post-injury, individuals might experience: Persistent or worsening headache that doesn’t respond to typical pain relievers. […] Cognitive impairments, including difficulties with memory, concentration, or decision-making. […] Motor deficits, such as weakness or numbness in limbs, often on one side of the body. […] Speech difficulties, including slurred speech or trouble finding the right words. […] Visual disturbances causing blurred or double vision. […] New-onset seizures without a prior history. […] These symptoms arise due to the gradual accumulation of blood, which increases pressure on the brain tissues, leading to neurological deficits. […] In summary, subdural hematomas can present delayed symptoms, underscoring the importance of vigilance after head injuries. Early detection and appropriate treatment are crucial for optimal recovery.

• #2 Subdural hematoma Guide: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Options

  https://www.drugs.com/health-guide/subdural-hematoma.html

  Acute subdural hemorrhage usually develops after severe head trauma. Injuries that result in this condition are typically forceful enough to cause a temporary loss of consciousness. […] Other common symptoms of an acute subdural hemorrhage include severe headache, weakness on one side of the body, seizures, changes in vision or speech. […] Chronic subdural hemorrhages produce more subtle symptoms. These symptoms may continue for more than a month before the diagnosis is recognized. […] These symptoms include mild headache, nausea or vomiting, change in personality, memory loss, loss of balance or difficulty walking, double vision, weakness, numbness, or tingling in arms or legs. […] The symptoms caused by chronic subdural hemorrhage can mimic other common conditions. For example, they may resemble strokes and brain tumors. Occasionally, the gradual memory loss and personality changes can be mistaken for dementia.

• #2 Subdural Hematoma: Causes, Types, Symptoms, Risks & Recovery

  https://www.webmd.com/brain/subdural-hematoma-symptoms-causes-treatments

  Symptoms of a subdural hematoma mostly depend on the rate of bleeding. […] In head injuries with sudden, serious bleeding that causes a subdural hematoma, a person may pass out right away or even go into a coma. […] But other times, a person may appear normal for days after a head injury, only to slowly become confused and then pass out several days later. This results from a slower rate of bleeding, causing a slowly enlarging subdural hematoma. […] In very slow-growing subdural hematomas, there may be no noticeable symptoms for more than 2 weeks after the bleeding starts. […] The general symptoms of a subdural hematoma include: Headache, Confusion, Change in behavior, Dizziness, Nausea and vomiting, Lethargy or excessive drowsiness, Weakness, Apathy, Seizures, Unequal pupil size, Loss of movement on the opposite side of your body as the head injury, Enlarged head in babies, Memory loss, Slurred speech, Vision changes.

• #2 Subdural hematoma – Knowledge @ AMBOSS

  https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/subdural-hematoma/

  Subdural hematoma (SDH) refers to bleeding into the intracranial subdural space that is typically caused by a rupture of the bridging veins. […] Acutely symptomatic SDH typically manifests with altered mental status, focal neurological signs, and signs of increased ICP, and it can progress to brain herniation and death if not treated. […] Chronic SDH manifests gradually with cognitive deficits, impaired memory, personality changes, and focal neurological signs. […] In patients with acutely symptomatic SDH, neuroprotective measures to prevent secondary brain injury take precedence over diagnostics. […] Acute SDH: symptom onset within 3 days of the inciting event. […] Subacute SDH: symptom onset 4-20 days after the inciting event. […] Chronic SDH: symptom onset 21 days after the inciting event.

• #2 Subdural haematoma: what is it, symptoms and treatment | Top Doctors

  https://www.topdoctors.co.uk/medical-dictionary/subdural-haematoma

  A subdural haematoma is an accumulation of blood in the skull or within the brain tissue that is caused by a blood vessel rupture in the brain. This can come on suddenly or develop over time. Its often caused by trauma to the head from a fall or severe blow such as from a car accident. […] A subdural haematoma can cause death, since the blood from the injury collects within the skull and can put pressure on the brain. […] The signs and symptoms of a subdural haematoma can show immediately after the trauma or take some time to appear. When the visible signs are delayed, it can take days, or even weeks to show – this period is called a lucid interval – although with time the brain pressure will increase and the symptoms will appear eventually. […] Some of the most common symptoms of a subdural haematoma are the following: headache which gradually increases in intensity, vomiting, drowsiness, progressive loss of consciousness, dizziness, confusion, slurred speech, unequal pupil size. […] As more blood flows to the brain, or the space between the skull and the brain, other symptoms such as seizures, lethargy or unconsciousness may appear.

• #2 Subdural haematoma | nidirect

  https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/conditions/subdural-haematoma

  Symptoms of a subdural haematoma can include: a headache that keeps getting worse, feeling and being sick, confusion, personality changes, such as being unusually aggressive or having rapid mood swings, feeling drowsy, loss of consciousness, fits (seizures). […] The symptoms can develop soon after a severe head injury (acute subdural haematoma), or very occasionally a few days or weeks after a more minor head injury (subacute or chronic subdural haematoma). […] A subdural haematoma is a serious condition that carries a high risk of death, particularly in older people and those whose brain was severely damaged. […] Acute subdural haematomas are the most serious type because they’re often associated with significant damage to the brain. […] Those who survive an acute subdural haematoma may take a long time to recover, and may be left with physical and mental disabilities. […] The outlook is generally better for subacute and chronic haematomas.

• #2 Chronic Subdural Hematoma Thousand Oaks, CA | Vascular Neurology Southern California

  https://www.vnsc.org/procedures/chronic-subdural-hematoma/

  Symptoms of chronic subdural hematoma may include: Slurred or confused speech, Confusion, Behavior changes, Balance or walking difficulties, Dizziness, Headache, Extreme fatigue or drowsiness, Loss of consciousness, Nausea or vomiting, Numbness, Seizures, Changes in vision, Weakness, Dysphagia, or swallowing difficulties (in children), Increased head circumference (in children), Irritability (infants). […] Chronic subdural hematoma can cause: Severe pressure on the brain, which could lead to coma, permanent brain damage, or become fatal, Enduring symptoms, including concentration or focus issues, anxiety, confusion, dizziness, headaches, mood changes, memory loss, or speech and language challenges, Seizures stemming from damage to the brain, which can often be controlled with the correct treatments and medications, Weakness in the limbs and subsequent movement difficulties. […] Recovery can take weeks, months, or even years, depending on the type and severity of the hematoma, the location of the head injury, the damage incurred, and how quickly the person receives treatment. It’s possible that some patients may experience life-long complications.

• #2 Subdural hematoma – UF Health

  https://ufhealth.org/conditions-and-treatments/subdural-hematoma

  Depending on the size of the hematoma and where it presses on the brain, any of the following symptoms may occur: […] In infants, symptoms may include: […] Seizures often occur at the time the hematoma forms, or up to months or years after treatment. But medicines can help control the seizures.

• #2 Subdural haematoma – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/416

  Subdural haematoma (SDH) has a variable disease course, depending on size of haematoma, age of the patient, presenting neurological signs/symptoms, presence of underlying coagulopathy or neoplasm, and associated injuries. […] Control of raised intracranial pressure using head-of-bed elevation, analgesics, intubation with anaesthetics and sedation, hyperosmolar treatment, barbiturates, or decompressive hemicraniectomy may be required. […] Treatment complications include early or delayed re-accumulation of SDH, seizures, vascular injury to cortical veins and arteries or dural sinuses adjacent to the haematoma, strokes, persistent neurological deficit, coma, and death. […] While the presence of SDH can be inferred by neurological decline and mechanism of traumatic injury, the diagnosis is typically made radiographically (computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging).

• #2 Subdural Haematoma – Clinical Features – Management – TeachMeSurgery

  https://teachmesurgery.com/neurosurgery/traumatic-injuries/subdural-haematoma/

  Patients can present with clinical features including altered level of consciousness, headaches, focal neurology, features of raised intracranial pressure (such as blurred vision, worsening headache), or even seizure activity. […] Clinical features of an acute SDH occur quickly, whilst those of a chronic SDH have a latent period of weeks (or even months) before symptoms appear. Indeed, the initial injury may be relatively trivial or forgotten, especially in the elderly patients or those with recent alcohol excess. […] Subdural haematomas will appear differently on CT imaging, depending on the timing of presentation: Acute – diffusely hyperdense, Subacute – heterogenously hyperdense or isodense, Chronic SDH – diffusely hypodense. […] Complications following a SDH include cerebral oedema and raised ICP, seizures, herniation, persistent vegetative state, and permanent neurological or cognitive deficits. There is also an increased risk of recurrent haematoma formation following an initial SDH.

• #2

  https://www.mountelizabeth.com.sg/conditions-diseases/subdural-haematoma/symptoms-causes

  The symptoms of a subdural haematoma can vary depending on the size and rate of bleeding. Common symptoms include: Persistent and severe headaches. Difficulty thinking clearly or memory problems. Increased sleepiness or difficulty staying awake. Nausea and vomiting often associated with increased intracranial pressure. Weakness or numbness, particularly on one side of the body. Slurred speech or difficulty finding words. Blurred vision or double vision. Seizures. Loss of consciousness. […] Acute subdural haematoma. This type occurs quickly after a severe head injury and can cause symptoms within minutes to hours. It is often life-threatening and requires immediate medical attention. […] Subacute subdural haematoma. Symptoms of this type develop more slowly, typically within days to weeks after the injury. […] Chronic subdural haematoma. This type can develop over weeks or even months after a minor head injury. It is more common in older adults and those on blood-thinning medications.

• #2 Subdural hemorrhage | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/subdural-hemorrhage-2?lang=us

  Subdural hemorrhage/hematoma (SDH) is a collection of blood accumulating in the subdural space. Subdural hemorrhage can happen in any age group, is mainly due to head trauma and CT scans are usually sufficient to make the diagnosis. Prognosis varies widely depending on the size and chronicity of the hemorrhage. […] Acute subdural hemorrhages usually present in the setting of head trauma. This is especially the case in young patients, where they commonly coexist with cerebral contusions. Most patients (65-80%) present with a severely depressed conscious state and pupillary abnormalities are seen in ~40% (range 30-50%) of cases. […] Clinical presentation of subacute/chronic subdural in the elderly is often vague and is one of the classic causes of pseudodementia. A history of head trauma is often absent or very minor. […] Although subdural hematomas are often thought of as relatively benign entities it should be noted that the mortality in acute subdural hematomas requiring surgery is very high (50-90%), particularly in patients who are anticoagulated, and that only 20% fully recover.

• #2 Subdural Hematoma | Quirónsalud

  https://www.quironsalud.com/en/diseases-symptoms/subdural-hematoma

  A subdural hematoma is an accumulation of blood in the subdural space of the brain, located between the pia mater (arachnoid layer) and the dura mater, which are two membranes that cover the brain. Blood leaks due to the rupture of blood vessels that cross this area, forming a hematoma that compresses brain tissue. It is usually of venous origin and is more common in the elderly. […] Symptoms usually appear quickly, within minutes or hours. The prognosis is very severe, as it can cause brain swelling, which, along with the hematoma, increases intracranial pressure, worsening symptoms and potentially leading to death. […] Symptoms may take days or weeks to appear. […] Results from milder injuries, causing slow bleeding that leads to small subdural hematomas, with symptoms appearing weeks or months later. In this case, a rapid increase in intracranial pressure is less likely.

• #2 Subdural Hematoma: Types, Symptoms, Causes, Treatment & Diagnosis

  https://www.apollohospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/subdural-hematoma-types-symptoms-causes-treatment

  The symptoms are due to the pressure it causes on the brain. A subdural hematoma can cause unconsciousness and even death if the pressure inside the skull reaches an extreme degree. […] The rate of bleeding mostly influences subdural hematoma symptoms. After a brain injury, a person may seem normal for a few days and gradually starts losing consciousness. A slower rate of bleeding causes this. Sometimes even after two weeks of bleeding, the symptoms may not appear. But when a subdural hematoma results from sudden, substantial bleeding in a head injury, the victim may immediately lose consciousness or enter a coma. […] Subdural hematoma signs and symptoms include a change in behaviour, confusion, dizziness, weakness, lethargy, nausea, diarrhoea, sleepiness, headache or seizures. […] The symptoms worsen when the bleeding continues and the pressure builds up in the brain. The symptoms may include: Loss of consciousness and coma.

• #2

  https://www.bumrungrad.com/en/health-blog/april-2023/chronic-subdural-hemorrhage

  Chronic subdural hemorrhage is a condition in which blood slowly leaks beneath the outermost layer of the dura, occurring in about 25% of people who suffer head injuries, often developing 3-4 weeks after an accident involving severe shaking or impact to the head. […] The gradual nature of the condition means patients may initially present with no symptoms or only experience very mild symptoms for several weeks or months, with more obvious symptoms only starting to appear when significant bleeding has occurred, and the brain’s function is impaired. […] The symptoms of chronic subdural hemorrhage include persistent headaches, dizziness, loss of balance, difficulty walking, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, confusion, difficulty speaking, lethargy, nervous system abnormalities, weakness in the arms and legs, memory loss, and personality changes, especially prevalent in the elderly. […] In case of severe bleeding in the brain, the patient’s situation may deteriorate and involve symptoms such as paralysis, seizures, breathing difficulties, and loss of consciousness.

• #2 What Is Chronic Subdural Hematoma?

  https://www.healthline.com/health/chronic-subdural-hematoma

  A chronic SDH doesnt always produce symptoms. When it does, it generally requires surgical treatment. […] Symptoms of this condition include: headaches, nausea, vomiting, trouble walking, impaired memory, problems with vision, seizures, trouble with speech, trouble swallowing, confusion, numb or weak face, arms, or legs, lethargy, weakness or paralysis, coma. […] The exact symptoms that appear depend on the location and size of your hematoma. Some symptoms occur more often than others. Up to 80 percent of people with this type of hematoma have headaches. […] If your clot is large, loss of the ability to move (paralysis) can occur. You might also become unconscious and slip into a coma. A chronic SDH that puts severe pressure on the brain can cause permanent brain damage and even death. […] If you or someone you know exhibits symptoms of this condition, its important to seek prompt medical help. People who have seizures or lose consciousness need emergency care.

• #2 Intracranial Hematomas – Injuries and Poisoning – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/injuries-and-poisoning/head-injuries/intracranial-hematomas

  Chronic subdural hematomas are more common among people with alcohol use disorder, older adults, and people who take medications that make blood less likely to clot (anticoagulants or antiplatelets). […] By the time symptoms are noticeable, a chronic subdural hematoma may be very large. Chronic hematomas are less likely than acute hematomas to cause a rapid increase of pressure within the skull. […] In older adults, the brain shrinks slightly, stretching the bridging veins and making them more likely to be torn if an injury, even a minor one, occurs. […] Blood that remains after a subdural hematoma is slowly reabsorbed. After the blood is resorbed from a hematoma, the brain may not re-expand as well in older adults as in younger people. […] Did You Know… An older adult with symptoms of dementia may instead have a subdural hematoma, which can be effectively treated.

• #2 Chronic Subdural Hematoma Haemorrhage Symptoms Treatments

  https://www.precisionhealth.com.au/healthcare-services/advanced-neurosurgery-spinal-surgery/conditions-treated/cerebrovascular-conditions/chronic-subdural-hematoma-haemorrhage/

  Patients with chronic subdural haematoma can experience a variety of non-specific symptoms, including headache, speech disturbance, or confusion. In some cases, it may be suspected that they have had a stroke. […] Chronic subdural haematoma occurs more commonly in the elderly, as their brains tend to shrink a little and the veins running from the brain to the sinuses on the inside of the skull are more prone to rupture by stretching. This can occur after a minor trauma.

• #2 Chronic Subdural Hematoma: „Symptoms Are Indefinite, and the Diagnosis Cannot Be Made With Certainty”

  https://www.patientcareonline.com/view/chronic-subdural-hematoma-symptoms-are-indefinite-and-diagnosis-cannot-be-made-certainty

  A 69-year-old retired accountant presents with a 2-month history of daily headaches. The pain is moderate, constant, global, pressure-like, and occasionally pulsating; it is sometimes exacerbated when the patient lies down. […] He occasionally feels lightheaded and has had difficulty remaining asleep at night. His wife has observed increased daytime sleepiness, a major and sudden decline in his short-term memory, and personality changes. […] Headache is a manifestation of elevated intracranial pressure. The incidence varies greatly (from 14% to 80%, depending on which study you look at). Headache is more common in younger patients with CSH and may be accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and neck stiffness. […] As many as 1 in 3 patients with CSH have symptoms of elevated intracranial pressure, such as papilledema and pathologic reflexes. Changes in personality and intellect, altered level of consciousness, confusion, disorientation, and aggressive behavior are also very common—and often mistaken for dementia or another psychiatric abnormality.

• #2 Subdural Hematoma | Quirónsalud

  https://www.quironsalud.com/en/diseases-symptoms/subdural-hematoma

  A subdural hematoma is a common and very serious condition that requires immediate medical attention as soon as the first symptoms appear. […] The symptoms of a subdural hematoma depend on its size and location. Additionally, they worsen as more blood flows into the brain and intracranial pressure increases. The following symptoms may occur: Persistent headache. Impaired speech or language. Confusion, memory disturbances. Drowsiness, lack of energy. Weakness and numbness. Loss of balance, difficulty walking. Nausea and vomiting. Vision problems, unequal pupil size. Paralysis on the side of the body opposite to the brain injury. Seizures. Loss of consciousness. […] In infants, symptoms may also include: Bulging fontanelles: Outward curvature of the soft spots on the skull. Hydrocephalus: Increased head size. Separated sutures: Abnormally wide spaces in the skulls bone junctions.

• #2 Subdural Hematoma in Brain for Newborn | Infant & Baby Subdural Hematoma Treatment

  https://www.abclawcenters.com/practice-areas/subdural-hemorrhages-hematomas/

  Signs of a subdural hemorrhage include the following: […] The symptoms of this type of brain bleed usually occur within the first 24 – 48 hours of life. […] Sometimes a subdural hemorrhage causes an increase in pressure inside the brain, which can cause an increase in head size, apnea, bradycardia (slow heart rate), and coma.

• #2 Subdural Hematoma

  https://www.princetonbrainandspine.com/conditions/brain/subdural-hematoma/

  Symptoms of subdural hematoma vary, depending on the amount and location of pooling blood. […] Common symptoms include: Loss of consciousness, Confusion, Seizures, Slurred speech, Difficulty walking or staying in balance, Lack of energy, Headache, Nausea vomiting, Numbness weakness, Vision problems. […] Infants with subdural hematoma may also show increased irritability, an enlarged head or soft spot, lack of appetite, excessive sleepiness, and persistent vomiting. […] The resulting subdural hematoma may not be evident until symptoms occur weeks or months after the injury. […] This condition is referred to as chronic subdural hematoma, and it is more common in older adults whose intracranial blood vessels are already stretched and more easily broken.

• #2 Subdural Hematoma – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532970/

  A subdural hematoma is not a benign disorder; mortality rates of 30% to 80% have been reported. Even those who survive may never fully regain functioning. Good outcomes are seen in less than one-third of patients. Younger patients tend to have better outcomes compared to older individuals. However, the ultimate prognosis depends on the cause and extent of brain injury. Those patients with minimal brain parenchymal injury have the best outcomes.

• #2 Subdural haematomas | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/subdural-haematomas

  The symptoms depend on the severity of the bleed, but can range from a headache to death. They may include: Severe headache, Lethargy, Confusion, Slurred speech, Visual disturbances, Limb weakness, Nausea and vomiting, Neck stiffness. […] If any unusual symptoms occur after a blow to the head, see your doctor immediately. […] If left untreated, a subdural haematoma can grow and press on the brain. Pressure on the brain can be harmful. This pressure forces the brain against the skull, causing damage to the brain, as well as hindering the brains ability to function properly. This inability to function properly can lead to long-lasting brain damage or, if left untreated, death.

• #2 Subdural Haematomas | Dr Vanessa Sammons

  https://drvanessasammons.com.au/brain/subdural-haematomas/

  Symptoms include headaches, confusion, dizziness, nausea, speech disturbance, and weakness on one side of the body […] Symptoms related to acute subdural haematoma develop quickly following head trauma, less quickly for chronic haematoma, taking as long as three weeks to appear after a minor injury. Symptoms include: Headache, Nausea, Confusion, Shifts in personality, Fatigue, Slurred speech, Double vision […] Recurrence of the haematoma occurs in an estimated 10% of cases and patients may require further surgery to correct the problem. […] It can take a year or more to recover from a severe subdural haematoma.

• #2 Acute Subdural Hematomas – Neurosurgery | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/medical-services/neurosurgery/conditions-treated/acute-subdural-hematomas

  An acute subdural hematoma (SDH) is a clot of blood that develops between the surface of the brain and the dura mater, the brains tough outer covering, usually due to stretching and tearing of veins on the brains surface. These veins rupture when a head injury suddenly jolts or shakes the brain. […] Traumatic acute SDHs are among the most lethal of all head injuries. Associated with more severe generalized brain injury, they often occur with cerebral contusions. […] The mortality rate for patients with an acute SDH ranges from 50 percent to 90 percent. A significant percentage of these deaths result from the underlying brain injury and pressure on the brain that develops in the days after injury. […] Approximately 20 percent to 30 percent of patients will recover full or partial brain function. Postoperative seizures are relatively common in these patients. […] Favorable outcomes are most common in patients who receive rapid treatment, younger adults, patients with a GCS score above 6 or 7 and reactive pupils, and those without multiple cerebral contusions or unmanageable pressure on the brain.

• #2 What Is a Subdural Hematoma?

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-is-a-subdural-hemorrhage-3146102

  A chronic subdural hematoma can be asymptomatic (with few, if any, symptoms) for a long time. A subacute subdural hematoma can be asymptomatic for a few days until symptoms are recognized. […] Recovery is possible after a subdural hematoma. Often, people have some disability after recovery, and sometimes the effects can be fatal. […] It can be hard to predict how well you will recover. The sooner you get medical treatment, the more likely you are to have a good recovery.

• #2 Subdural Hematoma | SpinalCord.com

  https://www.spinalcord.com/subdural-hematoma

  A subdural hematoma is a serious, and potentially life-threatening, head injury that occurs when blood collects between the brain’s cover (known as the dura) and its surface. […] A subdural hematoma is not something you can diagnose at home, though you may suspect you have one based on symptoms. […] Any head injury is a medical emergency that has the potential to become life-threatening. So if you have recently suffered a blow to the head, have signs of a stroke, or have experienced a change in consciousness or personality, don’t delay seeking medical help. […] Most people who experience a subdural hematoma have suffered a blow to the head or fall, so seek immediate medical attention if this happens to you. Some symptoms to watch for include: Changes in consciousness, including fainting or falling asleep.

• #2 Subdural hematoma: Definition, treatment, and outlook

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/320259

  A person with a head injury requires immediate medical attention. […] One type of internal bleeding in the skull is called subdural hematoma. […] A subdural hematoma occurs when a vein located beneath the skull ruptures and starts to bleed. The blood collects between the brain and the skull. As this space begins to fill with blood, the increasing pressure causes some of the symptoms of subdural hematoma. […] If pressure continues to build against the brain, a subdural hematoma may lead to long-term health problems or life-threatening situations. In the worst case scenarios, untreated subdural hematomas can lead to unconsciousness or death. […] The symptoms of subdural hematoma can vary from person to person. Common symptoms include severe headache, change in mood or behavior, seizures, slurred speech, loss of consciousness or passing out, apathy, weakness, vision problems, dizziness, vomiting, and confusion.

• #2 Diagnosed with subdural hematoma after a fall: What to expect? | Mayo Clinic Connect

  https://connect.mayoclinic.org/discussion/subdural-hematoma/

  Three weeks ago I had a bad fall. […] A couple of days after the fall, I had a mild headache that didn’t go away. […] A hematoma is like a blood clot in the brain. […] when the physician said „small” it would lead me to believe that it will absorb gradually. […] Please insist on a follow-up appointment and a consult with neurology to make sure the subdural hematoma has absorbed. […] He was optimistic that the bleeding would stop and that the hematoma would resolve on its own. […] If there are any changes within that week’s period of time……head straight to the ER. […] I had a mild to moderate headache that didn’t go away for several months. […] In April, my Connecticut APRN finally ordered a CT scan and a SDH was prominent. […] A month later it remained and was growing. […] Advise here is stay on this, and insist on follow up. […] MMA – Middle Meningeal Artery embolization. […] Unfortunately my SDH continued to grow – while slightly, it needed another more involved procedure a month later.

• #3 Intracranial Hematomas – Injuries and Poisoning – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/injuries-and-poisoning/head-injuries/intracranial-hematomas

  Chronic subdural hematomas are more common among people with alcohol use disorder, older adults, and people who take medications that make blood less likely to clot (anticoagulants or antiplatelets). […] By the time symptoms are noticeable, a chronic subdural hematoma may be very large. Chronic hematomas are less likely than acute hematomas to cause a rapid increase of pressure within the skull. […] In older adults, the brain shrinks slightly, stretching the bridging veins and making them more likely to be torn if an injury, even a minor one, occurs. […] Blood that remains after a subdural hematoma is slowly reabsorbed. After the blood is resorbed from a hematoma, the brain may not re-expand as well in older adults as in younger people. […] Did You Know… An older adult with symptoms of dementia may instead have a subdural hematoma, which can be effectively treated.

• #3 Acute Subdural Hematomas – Neurosurgery | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/medical-services/neurosurgery/conditions-treated/acute-subdural-hematomas

  An acute subdural hematoma (SDH) is a clot of blood that develops between the surface of the brain and the dura mater, the brains tough outer covering, usually due to stretching and tearing of veins on the brains surface. These veins rupture when a head injury suddenly jolts or shakes the brain. […] Traumatic acute SDHs are among the most lethal of all head injuries. Associated with more severe generalized brain injury, they often occur with cerebral contusions. […] The mortality rate for patients with an acute SDH ranges from 50 percent to 90 percent. A significant percentage of these deaths result from the underlying brain injury and pressure on the brain that develops in the days after injury. […] Approximately 20 percent to 30 percent of patients will recover full or partial brain function. Postoperative seizures are relatively common in these patients. […] Favorable outcomes are most common in patients who receive rapid treatment, younger adults, patients with a GCS score above 6 or 7 and reactive pupils, and those without multiple cerebral contusions or unmanageable pressure on the brain.

• #3 New Treatment Combination for Subdural Hematoma Reduces Risk of Recurrence | Newsroom | Weill Cornell Medicine

  https://news.weill.cornell.edu/news/2024/11/new-treatment-combination-for-subdural-hematoma-reduces-risk-of-recurrence

  Symptoms of subdural hematoma including weakness, numbness, headaches, nausea, confusion or dizziness can come on slowly over days or weeks, after a fall or other head injury. […] However, after a hematoma has been surgically drained, it recurs about 15% of the time, requiring another surgery and hospitalization. […] Hematoma recurrence or progression leading to another surgery within 90 days of the initial surgery occurred in approximately 4% of the treatment group compared to 11.3% of the control group.

• #3 Subdural Hematoma | Symptoms, treatment & recovery | SportsMD

  https://www.sportsmd.com/concussions-head-injuries/subdural-hematoma/

  Symptoms from a subdural hematoma that cause a change in personality or intellect are most often seen as lethargy, difficulty with concentration and apathy. An injured athlete can also display confusion, become disorientated or show increased aggressiveness. They may have difficulty with short-term memory or simple calculations. The patient may also have an altered level of consciousness. […] The prognosis following treatment is best correlated with how the patient was on presentation. The Glascow coma scale (GSC) is a standardized assessment of a patients neurologic status that is used with many different head injuries and is the best predictor of how a patient will recover following a subdural hematoma. Other factors like elevated intracranial pressure, increased patient age, and abnormalities of the pupils are indicators of a poorer prognosis. The mortality rate following an acute subdural hematoma can be as high as 80% and survivors do not always regain the same level of pre-injury function.

• #3 Chronic Subdural Hematoma Thousand Oaks, CA | Vascular Neurology Southern California

  https://www.vnsc.org/procedures/chronic-subdural-hematoma/

  Symptoms of chronic subdural hematoma may include: Slurred or confused speech, Confusion, Behavior changes, Balance or walking difficulties, Dizziness, Headache, Extreme fatigue or drowsiness, Loss of consciousness, Nausea or vomiting, Numbness, Seizures, Changes in vision, Weakness, Dysphagia, or swallowing difficulties (in children), Increased head circumference (in children), Irritability (infants). […] Chronic subdural hematoma can cause: Severe pressure on the brain, which could lead to coma, permanent brain damage, or become fatal, Enduring symptoms, including concentration or focus issues, anxiety, confusion, dizziness, headaches, mood changes, memory loss, or speech and language challenges, Seizures stemming from damage to the brain, which can often be controlled with the correct treatments and medications, Weakness in the limbs and subsequent movement difficulties. […] Recovery can take weeks, months, or even years, depending on the type and severity of the hematoma, the location of the head injury, the damage incurred, and how quickly the person receives treatment. It’s possible that some patients may experience life-long complications.

Zobacz więcej