Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Hemochromatosis – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hemochromatosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351443

  Hemochromatosis is a condition that causes the body to absorb too much iron from food. Excess iron is stored in the organs, especially the liver, heart and pancreas. Too much iron can lead to life-threatening conditions, such as liver disease, heart problems and diabetes. […] Symptoms usually appear in midlife. […] Some people with hemochromatosis never have symptoms. Early symptoms often overlap with those of other common conditions. Symptoms may include: Joint pain. Belly pain. Fatigue. Weakness. Diabetes. Loss of sex drive. Impotence. Heart failure. Liver failure. Bronze or gray skin color. Memory fog. […] The most common type of hemochromatosis is present at birth. But most people don’t experience symptoms until later in life usually after age 40 in men and after age 60 in women. Women are more likely to develop symptoms after menopause, when they no longer lose iron with menstruation and pregnancy.

• #2 Symptoms & Causes of Hemochromatosis – NIDDK

  https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/liver-disease/hemochromatosis/symptoms-causes

  With the buildup of harmful levels of iron, hemochromatosis can cause symptoms including feeling tired or weak, pain in the joints, particularly in the knees and hands, loss of interest in sex or erectile dysfunction, pain in the abdomen over the liver, darkening of skin color, which may appear gray, metallic, or bronze. […] With more severe iron overload, people may develop signs and symptoms of complications, such as cirrhosis, diabetes, or heart failure. […] Not everyone with hemochromatosis has symptoms, and hemochromatosis may not cause symptoms for many years. Symptoms typically begin after age 40, and, on average, women develop symptoms about 10 years later than men do. […] The most severe forms of non-HFE hemochromatosis are due to mutations in the HJV genes or the HAMP genes. People with these mutations develop symptoms and complications at a young age and may have cirrhosis and other complications from iron overload by their teenage years.

• #3

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/haemochromatosis/

  Haemochromatosis is an inherited condition where iron levels in the body slowly build up over many years. This build-up of iron, known as iron overload, can cause unpleasant symptoms. If it is not treated, this can damage parts of the body such as the liver, joints, pancreas and heart. […] Symptoms of haemochromatosis usually start between the ages of 30 and 60. Common symptoms include: feeling very tired all the time (fatigue), weight loss, weakness, joint pain, an inability to get or maintain an erection (erectile dysfunction), irregular periods or stopped or missed periods, Brain fog, mood swings, depression and anxiety. […] But if it’s not found until it’s more advanced, the high iron levels can damage parts of the body. This can lead to potentially serious complications, such as liver problems including scarring of the liver (cirrhosis) or liver cancer, diabetes where the level of sugar in the blood becomes too high, arthritis pain and swelling in the joints, heart failure where the heart is unable to pump blood around the body properly.

• #4

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/haemochromatosis/symptoms/

  Symptoms of haemochromatosis usually begin between the ages of 30 and 60, although they can occur earlier. […] The symptoms tend to develop earlier in men than in women. Women often do not experience problems until after the menopause. […] Initial symptoms of haemochromatosis can include: feeling very tired all the time (fatigue), brain fog, mood swings, depression and anxiety, weight loss, weakness, joint pain, especially in the fingers, an inability to get or maintain an erection (erectile dysfunction), irregular periods or stopped or missed periods. […] As the condition progresses, it can also cause problems such as: loss of sex drive (libido), darkening of the skin, if you are white you may look permanently tanned, tummy (abdominal) pain and swelling, yellowing of the skin (which may be less noticeable on brown or black skin) and the white parts of the eyes (jaundice), feeling thirsty all the time and needing to pee frequently, severe pain and stiffness in your joints, particularly in the fingers, chest pain, shortness of breath, swelling of your hands and feet, an irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia), the testicles getting smaller. […] These problems are often caused by complications of haemochromatosis that can happen if the condition is not treated early on.

• #5

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/haemochromatosis/symptoms/

  Haemochromatosis symptoms usually start between age 30 and 60, but they can happen earlier. […] Symptoms usually develop earlier in men than in women. Symptoms may not start in women until after menopause. […] Early symptoms of haemochromatosis can include: feeling very tired all the time (fatigue), weight loss, weakness, joint pain, not being able to get or maintain an erection (erectile dysfunction), irregular periods or absent periods. […] If haemochromatosis is not treated early, you may get serious complications. These can lead to symptoms such as: loss of sex drive (libido), darkening of the skin – if you are white you may look permanently tanned, tummy (abdominal) pain and swelling, yellowing of the eyes and skin (jaundice) – this may be harder to see on black and brown skin, feeling thirsty all the time and needing to pee often, joint pain and stiffness, especially in your fingers, chest pain, shortness of breath, swollen hands and feet, an irregular heartbeat, your testicles getting smaller.

• #6 Hemochromatosis – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hemochromatosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351443

  Hemochromatosis is a condition that causes the body to absorb too much iron from food. Excess iron is stored in the organs, especially the liver, heart and pancreas. Too much iron can lead to life-threatening conditions, such as liver disease, heart problems and diabetes. […] Symptoms usually appear in midlife. […] Some people with hemochromatosis never have symptoms. Early symptoms often overlap with those of other common conditions. Symptoms may include: Joint pain. Belly pain. Fatigue. Weakness. Diabetes. Loss of sex drive. Impotence. Heart failure. Liver failure. Bronze or gray skin color. Memory fog. […] The most common type of hemochromatosis is present at birth. But most people don’t experience symptoms until later in life usually after age 40 in men and after age 60 in women. Women are more likely to develop symptoms after menopause, when they no longer lose iron with menstruation and pregnancy.

• #7 Symptoms & Causes of Hemochromatosis – NIDDK

  https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/liver-disease/hemochromatosis/symptoms-causes

  With the buildup of harmful levels of iron, hemochromatosis can cause symptoms including feeling tired or weak, pain in the joints, particularly in the knees and hands, loss of interest in sex or erectile dysfunction, pain in the abdomen over the liver, darkening of skin color, which may appear gray, metallic, or bronze. […] With more severe iron overload, people may develop signs and symptoms of complications, such as cirrhosis, diabetes, or heart failure. […] Not everyone with hemochromatosis has symptoms, and hemochromatosis may not cause symptoms for many years. Symptoms typically begin after age 40, and, on average, women develop symptoms about 10 years later than men do. […] The most severe forms of non-HFE hemochromatosis are due to mutations in the HJV genes or the HAMP genes. People with these mutations develop symptoms and complications at a young age and may have cirrhosis and other complications from iron overload by their teenage years.

• #8 Hemochromatosis – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hemochromatosis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351448

  Hemochromatosis can be difficult to diagnose. Early symptoms such as stiff joints and fatigue may be due to conditions other than hemochromatosis. […] Many people with the disease don’t have any symptoms other than high levels of iron in their blood. Hemochromatosis may be identified because of irregular blood test results after testing is done for other reasons. It also may be revealed when screening family members of people diagnosed with the disease. […] Treating hemochromatosis can help relieve symptoms of tiredness, stomach pain and skin darkening. It can help prevent serious complications such as liver disease, heart disease and diabetes. If you already have one of these conditions, phlebotomy may slow the progression of the disease. In some cases, it may even reverse it. […] Phlebotomy can’t reverse cirrhosis or joint pain, but it can slow the progression.

• #9 Haemochromatosis | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/haemochromatosis

  Haemochromatosis tends to be under-diagnosed, partly because its symptoms are similar to those caused by a range of other illnesses. […] In its later stages, haemochromatosis presents a variety of symptoms, and not all people will experience the same signs. Many symptoms are similar to those caused by other illnesses, which partly explains why haemochromatosis may be overlooked as a possible diagnosis. Some of the symptoms include: weakness and lethargy, weight loss, joint pain, usually in the joints of the second and middle fingers, abdominal pains, liver dysfunction, sexual dysfunctions, such as impotence and low sex drive, disorders of the menstrual period, such as early menopause, loss of body hair, skin darkening. […] Without treatment, haemochromatosis can cause premature death. […] If a person is diagnosed before significant symptoms arise, they can prevent organ damage and disease symptoms by maintaining iron in the normal range.

• #10

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/haemochromatosis/symptoms/

  Symptoms of haemochromatosis usually begin between the ages of 30 and 60, although they can occur earlier. […] The symptoms tend to develop earlier in men than in women. Women often do not experience problems until after the menopause. […] Initial symptoms of haemochromatosis can include: feeling very tired all the time (fatigue), brain fog, mood swings, depression and anxiety, weight loss, weakness, joint pain, especially in the fingers, an inability to get or maintain an erection (erectile dysfunction), irregular periods or stopped or missed periods. […] As the condition progresses, it can also cause problems such as: loss of sex drive (libido), darkening of the skin, if you are white you may look permanently tanned, tummy (abdominal) pain and swelling, yellowing of the skin (which may be less noticeable on brown or black skin) and the white parts of the eyes (jaundice), feeling thirsty all the time and needing to pee frequently, severe pain and stiffness in your joints, particularly in the fingers, chest pain, shortness of breath, swelling of your hands and feet, an irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia), the testicles getting smaller. […] These problems are often caused by complications of haemochromatosis that can happen if the condition is not treated early on.

• #11

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/haemochromatosis/

  Haemochromatosis is an inherited condition where iron levels in the body slowly build up over many years. This build-up of iron, known as iron overload, can cause unpleasant symptoms. If it is not treated, this can damage parts of the body such as the liver, joints, pancreas and heart. […] Symptoms of haemochromatosis usually start between the ages of 30 and 60. Common symptoms include: feeling very tired all the time (fatigue), weight loss, weakness, joint pain, an inability to get or maintain an erection (erectile dysfunction), irregular periods or stopped or missed periods, Brain fog, mood swings, depression and anxiety. […] But if it’s not found until it’s more advanced, the high iron levels can damage parts of the body. This can lead to potentially serious complications, such as liver problems including scarring of the liver (cirrhosis) or liver cancer, diabetes where the level of sugar in the blood becomes too high, arthritis pain and swelling in the joints, heart failure where the heart is unable to pump blood around the body properly.

• #12

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/haemochromatosis/symptoms/

  Haemochromatosis symptoms usually start between age 30 and 60, but they can happen earlier. […] Symptoms usually develop earlier in men than in women. Symptoms may not start in women until after menopause. […] Early symptoms of haemochromatosis can include: feeling very tired all the time (fatigue), weight loss, weakness, joint pain, not being able to get or maintain an erection (erectile dysfunction), irregular periods or absent periods. […] If haemochromatosis is not treated early, you may get serious complications. These can lead to symptoms such as: loss of sex drive (libido), darkening of the skin – if you are white you may look permanently tanned, tummy (abdominal) pain and swelling, yellowing of the eyes and skin (jaundice) – this may be harder to see on black and brown skin, feeling thirsty all the time and needing to pee often, joint pain and stiffness, especially in your fingers, chest pain, shortness of breath, swollen hands and feet, an irregular heartbeat, your testicles getting smaller.

• #13 Symptoms | Hemochromatosis.org – An Education Website for Hemochromatosis and Too Much Iron

  https://hemochromatosis.org/hemochromatosis-symptoms/

  Chronic fatigue and joint pain are the most common complaints of people with hemochromatosis. For this reason, the complete diagnosis is often delayed because these two symptoms are commonly seen in other diseases. Pain in the knuckles of the pointer and middle finger, collectively called “The Iron Fist,” is the only sign or symptom specific to hemochromatosis. However, not everyone with HH experiences the Iron Fist. […] When symptoms are associated with hemochromatosis, these usually begin in men in their late 20’s to early 30’s. In women, symptoms usually start about 10-15 years after they stop having a period due to menopause, birth control pills, or hysterectomy. […] Diseases that can develop if left untreated include: osteoarthritis or osteoporosis in knuckles, ankles, and hips; enlarged liver, cirrhosis, cancer, and liver failure; abnormal skin color (bronze, reddish or ashen-gray); irregular heartbeat, enlarged heart, congestive heart failure; diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, hypogonadism (infertility, impotence), hormone imbalances; enlarged spleen. […] When hemochromatosis is discovered early and treated before organ damage can occur, a person can live a normal, healthy life.

• #14 Patient education: Hereditary hemochromatosis (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hereditary-hemochromatosis-beyond-the-basics/print

  Symptoms of hemochromatosis usually show up in adulthood after the body has accumulated a significant amount of excess iron. Symptoms generally occur after age 40 in males and after menopause (when monthly periods stop) in females. […] Signs of iron overload may include liver damage (cirrhosis), joint pains, changes in skin coloration, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, sexual dysfunction, and rarely, thyroid disease or liver cancer. […] Liver disease — The liver is one of the main organs where iron is normally stored. Accumulation of iron in the liver can cause abnormal liver function, liver fibrosis (scarring), and cirrhosis (extensive scarring of the liver). Approximately three-fourths of people who have symptoms at the time of diagnosis have abnormal liver function. […] Weakness and lethargy — Most people who have symptoms at the time of diagnosis have weakness and lethargy (a feeling of mental and physical sluggishness).

• #15 Symptoms | Hemochromatosis.org – An Education Website for Hemochromatosis and Too Much Iron

  https://hemochromatosis.org/hemochromatosis-symptoms/

  Chronic fatigue and joint pain are the most common complaints of people with hemochromatosis. For this reason, the complete diagnosis is often delayed because these two symptoms are commonly seen in other diseases. Pain in the knuckles of the pointer and middle finger, collectively called “The Iron Fist,” is the only sign or symptom specific to hemochromatosis. However, not everyone with HH experiences the Iron Fist. […] When symptoms are associated with hemochromatosis, these usually begin in men in their late 20’s to early 30’s. In women, symptoms usually start about 10-15 years after they stop having a period due to menopause, birth control pills, or hysterectomy. […] Diseases that can develop if left untreated include: osteoarthritis or osteoporosis in knuckles, ankles, and hips; enlarged liver, cirrhosis, cancer, and liver failure; abnormal skin color (bronze, reddish or ashen-gray); irregular heartbeat, enlarged heart, congestive heart failure; diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, hypogonadism (infertility, impotence), hormone imbalances; enlarged spleen. […] When hemochromatosis is discovered early and treated before organ damage can occur, a person can live a normal, healthy life.

• #16 Hemochromatosis (Iron Overload): Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, Diet & More

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14971-hemochromatosis-iron-overload

  Hemochromatosis, or iron overload, is a condition in which your body stores too much iron. It can cause serious damage to your body, including to your heart, liver and pancreas. […] Symptoms usually dont appear until middle age, and they often look like signs of other conditions. These signs may include: Fatigue (feeling tired a lot), General weakness, Heart flutters or irregular heartbeat, Iron fist, or pain in the knuckles of the pointer and middle fingers, Joint pain, Stomach pain, Unexplained weight loss. […] If not caught and addressed early, severe hemochromatosis can cause serious problems. These complications can include organ damage and possible death.

• #17 Haemochromatosis – symptoms and treatment | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/haemochromatosis

  Haemochromatosis causes your body to take in and store too much iron. […] In some people, the extra iron can lead to organ damage. […] Most people don’t develop symptoms until they are between 30 and 60 years old. […] Early symptoms may include: tiredness, weight loss, weakness, pain in your joints, erectile dysfunction (being unable to get or keep an erection), irregular periods, depression and anxiety. […] Later problems may include: loss of libido (sex drive), pain in your abdomen (tummy), unexplained tanning of your skin if you usually have pale skin, feeling thirsty all the time, chest pain and shortness of breath. […] Without treatment, haemochromatosis can cause organ damage. This can lead to: cirrhosis (scarring of your liver), diabetes from damage to the pancreas, congestive heart failure, hepatocellular carcinoma (liver cancer), loss of libido (sex drive) or hypogonadism (testicular atrophy), loss of bone density, infections with certain germs.

• #18 Hemochromatosis – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hemochromatosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351443

  Hemochromatosis is a condition that causes the body to absorb too much iron from food. Excess iron is stored in the organs, especially the liver, heart and pancreas. Too much iron can lead to life-threatening conditions, such as liver disease, heart problems and diabetes. […] Symptoms usually appear in midlife. […] Some people with hemochromatosis never have symptoms. Early symptoms often overlap with those of other common conditions. Symptoms may include: Joint pain. Belly pain. Fatigue. Weakness. Diabetes. Loss of sex drive. Impotence. Heart failure. Liver failure. Bronze or gray skin color. Memory fog. […] The most common type of hemochromatosis is present at birth. But most people don’t experience symptoms until later in life usually after age 40 in men and after age 60 in women. Women are more likely to develop symptoms after menopause, when they no longer lose iron with menstruation and pregnancy.

• #19 Hemochromatosis – Types, Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/what-is-hemochromatosis

  Up to half of people who have hemochromatosis dont get any symptoms. In men, symptoms tend to show up between ages 30 and 50. Women often dont show any signs of this condition until theyre over 50 or past menopause. Symptoms of hereditary hemochromatosis are the same as those of secondary hemochromatosis. […] Symptoms of hemochromatosis include: Pain in your joints, especially your knuckles and knees; Feeling tired; Unexplained weight loss; Skin that has a bronze or gray color; Pain in your belly; Loss of sex drive; Loss of body hair; Heart flutter; Foggy memory. […] Sometimes, people dont get any symptoms of hemochromatosis until other problems arise. These may include: Liver problems, including cirrhosis; Diabetes; Abnormal heartbeat; Arthritis; Erectile dysfunction (trouble having an erection).

• #20

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/haemochromatosis/symptoms/

  Symptoms of haemochromatosis usually begin between the ages of 30 and 60, although they can occur earlier. […] The symptoms tend to develop earlier in men than in women. Women often do not experience problems until after the menopause. […] Initial symptoms of haemochromatosis can include: feeling very tired all the time (fatigue), brain fog, mood swings, depression and anxiety, weight loss, weakness, joint pain, especially in the fingers, an inability to get or maintain an erection (erectile dysfunction), irregular periods or stopped or missed periods. […] As the condition progresses, it can also cause problems such as: loss of sex drive (libido), darkening of the skin, if you are white you may look permanently tanned, tummy (abdominal) pain and swelling, yellowing of the skin (which may be less noticeable on brown or black skin) and the white parts of the eyes (jaundice), feeling thirsty all the time and needing to pee frequently, severe pain and stiffness in your joints, particularly in the fingers, chest pain, shortness of breath, swelling of your hands and feet, an irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia), the testicles getting smaller. […] These problems are often caused by complications of haemochromatosis that can happen if the condition is not treated early on.

• #21

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/haemochromatosis/symptoms/

  Symptoms of haemochromatosis usually begin between the ages of 30 and 60, although they can occur earlier. […] The symptoms tend to develop earlier in men than in women. Women often do not experience problems until after the menopause. […] Initial symptoms of haemochromatosis can include: feeling very tired all the time (fatigue), brain fog, mood swings, depression and anxiety, weight loss, weakness, joint pain, especially in the fingers, an inability to get or maintain an erection (erectile dysfunction), irregular periods or stopped or missed periods. […] As the condition progresses, it can also cause problems such as: loss of sex drive (libido), darkening of the skin, if you are white you may look permanently tanned, tummy (abdominal) pain and swelling, yellowing of the skin (which may be less noticeable on brown or black skin) and the white parts of the eyes (jaundice), feeling thirsty all the time and needing to pee frequently, severe pain and stiffness in your joints, particularly in the fingers, chest pain, shortness of breath, swelling of your hands and feet, an irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia), the testicles getting smaller. […] These problems are often caused by complications of haemochromatosis that can happen if the condition is not treated early on.

• #22

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/haemochromatosis/symptoms/

  Symptoms of haemochromatosis usually begin between the ages of 30 and 60, although they can occur earlier. […] The symptoms tend to develop earlier in men than in women. Women often do not experience problems until after the menopause. […] Initial symptoms of haemochromatosis can include: feeling very tired all the time (fatigue), brain fog, mood swings, depression and anxiety, weight loss, weakness, joint pain, especially in the fingers, an inability to get or maintain an erection (erectile dysfunction), irregular periods or stopped or missed periods. […] As the condition progresses, it can also cause problems such as: loss of sex drive (libido), darkening of the skin, if you are white you may look permanently tanned, tummy (abdominal) pain and swelling, yellowing of the skin (which may be less noticeable on brown or black skin) and the white parts of the eyes (jaundice), feeling thirsty all the time and needing to pee frequently, severe pain and stiffness in your joints, particularly in the fingers, chest pain, shortness of breath, swelling of your hands and feet, an irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia), the testicles getting smaller. […] These problems are often caused by complications of haemochromatosis that can happen if the condition is not treated early on.

• #23 Hereditary Hemochromatosis Symptoms | Hemochromatosis Help

  https://hemochromatosishelp.com/hemochromatosis-symptoms/

  Hemochromatosis symptoms can produce some less concerning, yet still undesirable consequences. […] Here are some other commonly reported symptoms of hemochromatosis: Restlessness, Difficulty Concentrating or Focusing […] Hemochromatosis can have a significant impact on our emotional and mental states. […] While these symptoms of too much iron are widespread, I hear of the emotional impact of hemochromatosis as well. […] Whether your symptoms of hemochromatosis are physical, mental, emotional, or all three, I always like to remind my readers that much can be done for iron overload.

• #24

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/haemochromatosis/symptoms/

  Symptoms of haemochromatosis usually begin between the ages of 30 and 60, although they can occur earlier. […] The symptoms tend to develop earlier in men than in women. Women often do not experience problems until after the menopause. […] Initial symptoms of haemochromatosis can include: feeling very tired all the time (fatigue), brain fog, mood swings, depression and anxiety, weight loss, weakness, joint pain, especially in the fingers, an inability to get or maintain an erection (erectile dysfunction), irregular periods or stopped or missed periods. […] As the condition progresses, it can also cause problems such as: loss of sex drive (libido), darkening of the skin, if you are white you may look permanently tanned, tummy (abdominal) pain and swelling, yellowing of the skin (which may be less noticeable on brown or black skin) and the white parts of the eyes (jaundice), feeling thirsty all the time and needing to pee frequently, severe pain and stiffness in your joints, particularly in the fingers, chest pain, shortness of breath, swelling of your hands and feet, an irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia), the testicles getting smaller. […] These problems are often caused by complications of haemochromatosis that can happen if the condition is not treated early on.

• #25

  https://111.wales.nhs.uk/encyclopaedia/h/article/haemochromatosis

  As the condition progresses, it can also cause problems such as: loss of sex drive (libido), darkening of the skin you may look permanently tanned, tummy (abdominal) pain and swelling, yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice), feeling thirsty all the time and needing to pee frequently, severe pain and stiffness in your joints, particularly in the fingers, chest pain, shortness of breath, swelling of your hands and feet, an irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia), the testicles getting smaller. […] If haemochromatosis is not diagnosed and treated early on, iron can build up in the body and cause serious problems.

• #26

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/haemochromatosis/symptoms/

  Haemochromatosis symptoms usually start between age 30 and 60, but they can happen earlier. […] Symptoms usually develop earlier in men than in women. Symptoms may not start in women until after menopause. […] Early symptoms of haemochromatosis can include: feeling very tired all the time (fatigue), weight loss, weakness, joint pain, not being able to get or maintain an erection (erectile dysfunction), irregular periods or absent periods. […] If haemochromatosis is not treated early, you may get serious complications. These can lead to symptoms such as: loss of sex drive (libido), darkening of the skin – if you are white you may look permanently tanned, tummy (abdominal) pain and swelling, yellowing of the eyes and skin (jaundice) – this may be harder to see on black and brown skin, feeling thirsty all the time and needing to pee often, joint pain and stiffness, especially in your fingers, chest pain, shortness of breath, swollen hands and feet, an irregular heartbeat, your testicles getting smaller.

• #27 Patient education: Hereditary hemochromatosis (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hereditary-hemochromatosis-beyond-the-basics/print

  Heart disease – Accumulation of iron in the heart can cause enlargement of the heart and can interfere with its normal electrical conduction system, which affects the heart rhythm. In severe cases, heart failure can develop. Rarely, heart disease is the first sign of hemochromatosis. […] Joint pain – The cause of joint pain in people with hemochromatosis is not completely understood. One hypothesis is that the excess iron leads to the collection of calcium crystals in the joint spaces. These crystals can cause joint pain and, over time, joint deformity. […] Diabetes mellitus – Accumulation of iron in the pancreas can interfere with insulin production and cause diabetes mellitus. […] Reproductive problems – Accumulation of iron in the pituitary gland in the brain can interfere with the pituitary’s control of sex hormones. In males, pituitary damage can lead to impotence and/or loss of libido (sex drive). In females, pituitary damage can cause menstrual periods to stop or become irregular.

• #28

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/haemochromatosis/symptoms/

  Symptoms of haemochromatosis usually begin between the ages of 30 and 60, although they can occur earlier. […] The symptoms tend to develop earlier in men than in women. Women often do not experience problems until after the menopause. […] Initial symptoms of haemochromatosis can include: feeling very tired all the time (fatigue), brain fog, mood swings, depression and anxiety, weight loss, weakness, joint pain, especially in the fingers, an inability to get or maintain an erection (erectile dysfunction), irregular periods or stopped or missed periods. […] As the condition progresses, it can also cause problems such as: loss of sex drive (libido), darkening of the skin, if you are white you may look permanently tanned, tummy (abdominal) pain and swelling, yellowing of the skin (which may be less noticeable on brown or black skin) and the white parts of the eyes (jaundice), feeling thirsty all the time and needing to pee frequently, severe pain and stiffness in your joints, particularly in the fingers, chest pain, shortness of breath, swelling of your hands and feet, an irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia), the testicles getting smaller. […] These problems are often caused by complications of haemochromatosis that can happen if the condition is not treated early on.

• #29 Haemochromatosis

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/haemochromatosis

  Haemochromatosis is a genetic iron storage disease in which the body absorbs excessive amounts of iron from the diet. Excess iron is usually metabolised and excreted from the body, but in haemochromatosis, excess iron is deposited in the liver, pancreas, heart, endocrine glands and joints. […] The four main features characterise haemochromatosis are: Cirrhosis of the liver, Diabetes mellitus, Increased skin pigmentation, Heart failure. […] Increased pigmentation affects more than 90% of patients. Skin pigmentation is often one of the first signs of the disease and may precede the other features by many years. […] Patients with haemochromatosis may develop one or more of the above symptoms over a period of time as iron slowly accumulates and deposits in organs. […] Tiredness and abdominal pain should diminish, and increased pigmentation of the skin should fade over time once treatment has started. Arthritis, however, may fail to improve with venesection.

• #30

  https://111.wales.nhs.uk/encyclopaedia/h/article/haemochromatosis

  As the condition progresses, it can also cause problems such as: loss of sex drive (libido), darkening of the skin you may look permanently tanned, tummy (abdominal) pain and swelling, yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice), feeling thirsty all the time and needing to pee frequently, severe pain and stiffness in your joints, particularly in the fingers, chest pain, shortness of breath, swelling of your hands and feet, an irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia), the testicles getting smaller. […] If haemochromatosis is not diagnosed and treated early on, iron can build up in the body and cause serious problems.

• #31

  https://111.wales.nhs.uk/encyclopaedia/h/article/haemochromatosis

  As the condition progresses, it can also cause problems such as: loss of sex drive (libido), darkening of the skin you may look permanently tanned, tummy (abdominal) pain and swelling, yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice), feeling thirsty all the time and needing to pee frequently, severe pain and stiffness in your joints, particularly in the fingers, chest pain, shortness of breath, swelling of your hands and feet, an irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia), the testicles getting smaller. […] If haemochromatosis is not diagnosed and treated early on, iron can build up in the body and cause serious problems.

• #32

  https://111.wales.nhs.uk/encyclopaedia/h/article/haemochromatosis

  As the condition progresses, it can also cause problems such as: loss of sex drive (libido), darkening of the skin you may look permanently tanned, tummy (abdominal) pain and swelling, yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice), feeling thirsty all the time and needing to pee frequently, severe pain and stiffness in your joints, particularly in the fingers, chest pain, shortness of breath, swelling of your hands and feet, an irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia), the testicles getting smaller. […] If haemochromatosis is not diagnosed and treated early on, iron can build up in the body and cause serious problems.

• #33 Haemochromatosis – Haemochromatosis Australia

  https://haemochromatosis.org.au/haemochromatosis/

  If the pancreas is affected this may lead to type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with symptoms including thirst and increased need to urinate, skin infections that dont heal well, blurry vision, dizziness and weight gain or loss. […] Rarely, people will present with a grey or bronze discolouration of the skin. […] Women may experience irregular periods or early menopause and loss of libido while men may experience impotence and shrinking testicles. […] For people with haemochromatosis the excess iron stored in the organs and joints increases gradually over many years. If untreated, the liver can become enlarged and damaged, leading to serious diseases such as cirrhosis or liver cancer. It can also cause other health problems including heart disease, diabetes, endocrine and sexual dysfunction and arthritis.

• #34

  https://111.wales.nhs.uk/encyclopaedia/h/article/haemochromatosis

  As the condition progresses, it can also cause problems such as: loss of sex drive (libido), darkening of the skin you may look permanently tanned, tummy (abdominal) pain and swelling, yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice), feeling thirsty all the time and needing to pee frequently, severe pain and stiffness in your joints, particularly in the fingers, chest pain, shortness of breath, swelling of your hands and feet, an irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia), the testicles getting smaller. […] If haemochromatosis is not diagnosed and treated early on, iron can build up in the body and cause serious problems.

• #35

  https://111.wales.nhs.uk/encyclopaedia/h/article/haemochromatosis

  As the condition progresses, it can also cause problems such as: loss of sex drive (libido), darkening of the skin you may look permanently tanned, tummy (abdominal) pain and swelling, yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice), feeling thirsty all the time and needing to pee frequently, severe pain and stiffness in your joints, particularly in the fingers, chest pain, shortness of breath, swelling of your hands and feet, an irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia), the testicles getting smaller. […] If haemochromatosis is not diagnosed and treated early on, iron can build up in the body and cause serious problems.

• #36

  https://111.wales.nhs.uk/encyclopaedia/h/article/haemochromatosis

  As the condition progresses, it can also cause problems such as: loss of sex drive (libido), darkening of the skin you may look permanently tanned, tummy (abdominal) pain and swelling, yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice), feeling thirsty all the time and needing to pee frequently, severe pain and stiffness in your joints, particularly in the fingers, chest pain, shortness of breath, swelling of your hands and feet, an irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia), the testicles getting smaller. […] If haemochromatosis is not diagnosed and treated early on, iron can build up in the body and cause serious problems.

• #37

  https://111.wales.nhs.uk/encyclopaedia/h/article/haemochromatosis

  As the condition progresses, it can also cause problems such as: loss of sex drive (libido), darkening of the skin you may look permanently tanned, tummy (abdominal) pain and swelling, yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice), feeling thirsty all the time and needing to pee frequently, severe pain and stiffness in your joints, particularly in the fingers, chest pain, shortness of breath, swelling of your hands and feet, an irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia), the testicles getting smaller. […] If haemochromatosis is not diagnosed and treated early on, iron can build up in the body and cause serious problems.

• #38

  https://111.wales.nhs.uk/encyclopaedia/h/article/haemochromatosis

  As the condition progresses, it can also cause problems such as: loss of sex drive (libido), darkening of the skin you may look permanently tanned, tummy (abdominal) pain and swelling, yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice), feeling thirsty all the time and needing to pee frequently, severe pain and stiffness in your joints, particularly in the fingers, chest pain, shortness of breath, swelling of your hands and feet, an irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia), the testicles getting smaller. […] If haemochromatosis is not diagnosed and treated early on, iron can build up in the body and cause serious problems.

• #39

  https://111.wales.nhs.uk/encyclopaedia/h/article/haemochromatosis

  As the condition progresses, it can also cause problems such as: loss of sex drive (libido), darkening of the skin you may look permanently tanned, tummy (abdominal) pain and swelling, yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice), feeling thirsty all the time and needing to pee frequently, severe pain and stiffness in your joints, particularly in the fingers, chest pain, shortness of breath, swelling of your hands and feet, an irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia), the testicles getting smaller. […] If haemochromatosis is not diagnosed and treated early on, iron can build up in the body and cause serious problems.

• #40 Hemochromatosis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430862/

  The following late manifestations occur when iron is deposited progressively in various tissues: Koilonychia affects the thumb and index finger, and it has been observed in 50% of patients. However, in 25% of patients, all nails are affected. Secondary diabetes may reveal finger prick marks indicating diabetes, and an abdominal examination may be suggestive of lipodystrophy as a clue towards insulin administration. Diffuse hyperpigmentation is seen in more than 90% of patients with hemochromatosis and is one of the earliest manifestations of the disease. […] Liver dysfunction is encountered in 75% of patients. Jaundice is usually absent earlier in the course of the illness. Liver disease can present with abdominal pain, hepatomegaly, cirrhosis, portal hypertension, ascites, and splenomegaly. […] Patients with iron overload are at increased risk of infection from Yersinia enterocolitica, Listeria monocytogenes, and V vulnificus.

• #41 Haemochromatosis: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/allergies-blood-immune/haemochromatosis-leaflet

  Symptoms of haemochromatosis usually start between the ages of 30 and 50 years. The first symptoms are usually vague and may include feeling weak and tired, and having joint pains or abdominal pains. […] As haemochromatosis progresses, more specific symptoms develop due to organ damage but these are significantly less common nowadays due to earlier diagnosis. However there are still many cases each year in people who have not yet been diagnosed. […] These problems may include: Joint pain and swelling, especially the knuckle and the first joint of the first two fingers. Bronzing of the skin (looking like a permanent tan). Loss of sex drive. Loss of body hair. Impotence in men. Period changes in women. Women may have either no menstrual periods or very light menstrual periods. Early menopause may also occur in women with haemochromatosis. Poor memory. Feeling irritable. Depression. Developing diabetes. An increase in the size of the liver. 'Scarring’ (cirrhosis) of the liver. Disease of the heart muscle (cardiomyopathy).

• #42

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/haemochromatosis/

  Haemochromatosis is an inherited condition where iron levels in the body slowly build up over many years. This build-up of iron, known as iron overload, can cause unpleasant symptoms. If it is not treated, this can damage parts of the body such as the liver, joints, pancreas and heart. […] Symptoms of haemochromatosis usually start between the ages of 30 and 60. Common symptoms include: feeling very tired all the time (fatigue), weight loss, weakness, joint pain, an inability to get or maintain an erection (erectile dysfunction), irregular periods or stopped or missed periods, Brain fog, mood swings, depression and anxiety. […] But if it’s not found until it’s more advanced, the high iron levels can damage parts of the body. This can lead to potentially serious complications, such as liver problems including scarring of the liver (cirrhosis) or liver cancer, diabetes where the level of sugar in the blood becomes too high, arthritis pain and swelling in the joints, heart failure where the heart is unable to pump blood around the body properly.

• #43 Hemochromatosis – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hemochromatosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351443

  Untreated, hemochromatosis can lead to several complications. These complications especially affect the joints and organs where excess iron tends to be stored, such as the liver, pancreas and heart. Complications can include: Liver issues. Cirrhosis permanent scarring of the liver is just one of the complications that may happen. Cirrhosis increases the risk of liver cancer and other life-threatening complications. Diabetes. Damage to the pancreas can lead to diabetes. Heart problems. Excess iron in the heart affects the heart’s ability to circulate enough blood for the body’s needs. This is called congestive heart failure. Hemochromatosis also can cause irregular heart rhythms, called arrhythmias. Reproductive problems. Excess iron can lead to erectile dysfunction and loss of sex drive in men. It can cause an absence of the menstrual cycle in women. Skin color changes. Deposits of iron in skin cells can make the skin appear bronze or gray in color.

• #44 Patient education: Hereditary hemochromatosis (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hereditary-hemochromatosis-beyond-the-basics/print

  Symptoms of hemochromatosis usually show up in adulthood after the body has accumulated a significant amount of excess iron. Symptoms generally occur after age 40 in males and after menopause (when monthly periods stop) in females. […] Signs of iron overload may include liver damage (cirrhosis), joint pains, changes in skin coloration, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, sexual dysfunction, and rarely, thyroid disease or liver cancer. […] Liver disease — The liver is one of the main organs where iron is normally stored. Accumulation of iron in the liver can cause abnormal liver function, liver fibrosis (scarring), and cirrhosis (extensive scarring of the liver). Approximately three-fourths of people who have symptoms at the time of diagnosis have abnormal liver function. […] Weakness and lethargy — Most people who have symptoms at the time of diagnosis have weakness and lethargy (a feeling of mental and physical sluggishness).

• #45 Hemochromatosis: Symptoms & Treatments

  https://liverfoundation.org/liver-diseases/rare-disease/hemochromatosis/

  Hemochromatosis is one of the most common genetic disorders in the United States. It is an inherited condition in which the body absorbs and stores too much iron. The extra iron builds up in several organs, especially the liver, and can cause serious damage. Without treatment, the disease can cause these organs to fail. […] Many people have no symptoms, even in advanced cases. Joint pain is the most common complaint of people with hemochromatosis. Other common symptoms include fatigue, lack of energy, abdominal pain, loss of sex drive, and heart problems. Symptoms tend to occur in men between the ages of 30 and 50 and in women over age 50. However, many people have no symptoms when they are diagnosed. […] If the disease is not detected early and treated, iron may accumulate in body tissues and may eventually lead to serious problems such as: arthritis, liver disease, including an enlarged liver, cirrhosis, cancer, and liver failure, damage to the pancreas, possibly causing diabetes, heart abnormalities, such as irregular heart rhythms or congestive heart failure, impotence, early menopause, abnormal pigmentation of the skin, making it look gray or bronze, pituitary damage, damage to the adrenal gland. […] Without treatment, iron may build up in the organs and cause complications, including cirrhosis.

• #46 Patient education: Hereditary hemochromatosis (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hereditary-hemochromatosis-beyond-the-basics/print

  Symptoms of hemochromatosis usually show up in adulthood after the body has accumulated a significant amount of excess iron. Symptoms generally occur after age 40 in males and after menopause (when monthly periods stop) in females. […] Signs of iron overload may include liver damage (cirrhosis), joint pains, changes in skin coloration, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, sexual dysfunction, and rarely, thyroid disease or liver cancer. […] Liver disease — The liver is one of the main organs where iron is normally stored. Accumulation of iron in the liver can cause abnormal liver function, liver fibrosis (scarring), and cirrhosis (extensive scarring of the liver). Approximately three-fourths of people who have symptoms at the time of diagnosis have abnormal liver function. […] Weakness and lethargy — Most people who have symptoms at the time of diagnosis have weakness and lethargy (a feeling of mental and physical sluggishness).

• #47 Hemochromatosis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1104743-overview

  Once diagnosed, hemochromatosis is treated by phlebotomy to rid the body of excess iron and to maintain normal iron stores. […] Early detection and treatment of this common iron overload disorder can guarantee a normal lifespan in patients with hemochromatosis. […] The most important prognostic factor at the time of diagnosis is the presence or absence of hepatic fibrosis or cirrhosis. Patients without significant hepatic fibrosis may be expected to have a normal life expectancy with phlebotomy therapy. […] If untreated, hemochromatosis may lead to death from cirrhosis, diabetes, malignant hepatoma, or cardiac disease.

• #48 Patient education: Hereditary hemochromatosis (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hereditary-hemochromatosis-beyond-the-basics/print

  Heart disease – Accumulation of iron in the heart can cause enlargement of the heart and can interfere with its normal electrical conduction system, which affects the heart rhythm. In severe cases, heart failure can develop. Rarely, heart disease is the first sign of hemochromatosis. […] Joint pain – The cause of joint pain in people with hemochromatosis is not completely understood. One hypothesis is that the excess iron leads to the collection of calcium crystals in the joint spaces. These crystals can cause joint pain and, over time, joint deformity. […] Diabetes mellitus – Accumulation of iron in the pancreas can interfere with insulin production and cause diabetes mellitus. […] Reproductive problems – Accumulation of iron in the pituitary gland in the brain can interfere with the pituitary’s control of sex hormones. In males, pituitary damage can lead to impotence and/or loss of libido (sex drive). In females, pituitary damage can cause menstrual periods to stop or become irregular.

• #49 Hereditary Hemochromatosis (Iron Overload) Causes & Symptoms

  https://www.medicinenet.com/iron_overload/article.htm

  Iron deposits in the pituitary gland and testicles cause shrinkage of the testicles and impotence. […] Iron deposits in the pancreas cause a decrease in insulin production resulting in diabetes. […] Iron deposits in the heart muscle can cause cardiomyopathy and lead to heart failure as well as abnormal heart rhythms. […] Iron accumulation in the liver causes scarring of the liver (cirrhosis) and an increased risk of developing liver cancer. […] Most patients with hemochromatosis are diagnosed between the ages of 30 and 50, and about 75% have no symptoms. […] Symptoms of skin bronzing or hyperpigmentation (about 70% eventually develop this symptom), diabetes, liver disease, arthropathy, hypogonadism, cardiomyopathy, and impotence or no menstrual periods (amenorrhea) may be present and may suggest that additional screening tests such as transferrin saturation and other blood and liver tests be ordered.

• #50 Patient education: Hereditary hemochromatosis (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hereditary-hemochromatosis-beyond-the-basics/print

  Heart disease – Accumulation of iron in the heart can cause enlargement of the heart and can interfere with its normal electrical conduction system, which affects the heart rhythm. In severe cases, heart failure can develop. Rarely, heart disease is the first sign of hemochromatosis. […] Joint pain – The cause of joint pain in people with hemochromatosis is not completely understood. One hypothesis is that the excess iron leads to the collection of calcium crystals in the joint spaces. These crystals can cause joint pain and, over time, joint deformity. […] Diabetes mellitus – Accumulation of iron in the pancreas can interfere with insulin production and cause diabetes mellitus. […] Reproductive problems – Accumulation of iron in the pituitary gland in the brain can interfere with the pituitary’s control of sex hormones. In males, pituitary damage can lead to impotence and/or loss of libido (sex drive). In females, pituitary damage can cause menstrual periods to stop or become irregular.

• #51 What is haemochromatosis? – BHF

  https://www.bhf.org.uk/informationsupport/heart-matters-magazine/medical/haemochromatosis

  Haemochromatosis is an inherited condition which results in too much iron being stored in the body. […] It takes a long time for the iron to build up, so for the common type of hereditary haemochromatosis, symptoms are usually first seen between the ages of 30 and 60. […] The first symptoms people may notice are tiredness and darkening of the skin, or not feeling quite right. Later symptoms may be due to the effects of organ damage. If the high iron levels have damaged your liver, you may get fibrosis (hardening and scarring of the liver, which over time stops it from working as well) which may develop into cirrhosis, which is severe scarring that damages the function of the liver. […] A build-up of iron in the heart can cause heart failure and abnormal heart rhythms. This is a very significant problem which will needs careful management. […] Generally we look at the ferritin, and those patients who have higher ferritin (above 1,000 micrograms per litre) may require closer monitoring after the initial phase of treatment as they are more likely to develop long term problems, particularly of the liver.

• #52 Patient education: Hereditary hemochromatosis (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hereditary-hemochromatosis-beyond-the-basics/print

  Heart disease – Accumulation of iron in the heart can cause enlargement of the heart and can interfere with its normal electrical conduction system, which affects the heart rhythm. In severe cases, heart failure can develop. Rarely, heart disease is the first sign of hemochromatosis. […] Joint pain – The cause of joint pain in people with hemochromatosis is not completely understood. One hypothesis is that the excess iron leads to the collection of calcium crystals in the joint spaces. These crystals can cause joint pain and, over time, joint deformity. […] Diabetes mellitus – Accumulation of iron in the pancreas can interfere with insulin production and cause diabetes mellitus. […] Reproductive problems – Accumulation of iron in the pituitary gland in the brain can interfere with the pituitary’s control of sex hormones. In males, pituitary damage can lead to impotence and/or loss of libido (sex drive). In females, pituitary damage can cause menstrual periods to stop or become irregular.

• #53 Haemochromatosis

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/haemochromatosis

  Haemochromatosis is a genetic iron storage disease in which the body absorbs excessive amounts of iron from the diet. Excess iron is usually metabolised and excreted from the body, but in haemochromatosis, excess iron is deposited in the liver, pancreas, heart, endocrine glands and joints. […] The four main features characterise haemochromatosis are: Cirrhosis of the liver, Diabetes mellitus, Increased skin pigmentation, Heart failure. […] Increased pigmentation affects more than 90% of patients. Skin pigmentation is often one of the first signs of the disease and may precede the other features by many years. […] Patients with haemochromatosis may develop one or more of the above symptoms over a period of time as iron slowly accumulates and deposits in organs. […] Tiredness and abdominal pain should diminish, and increased pigmentation of the skin should fade over time once treatment has started. Arthritis, however, may fail to improve with venesection.

• #54 Patient education: Hereditary hemochromatosis (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hereditary-hemochromatosis-beyond-the-basics/print

  Heart disease – Accumulation of iron in the heart can cause enlargement of the heart and can interfere with its normal electrical conduction system, which affects the heart rhythm. In severe cases, heart failure can develop. Rarely, heart disease is the first sign of hemochromatosis. […] Joint pain – The cause of joint pain in people with hemochromatosis is not completely understood. One hypothesis is that the excess iron leads to the collection of calcium crystals in the joint spaces. These crystals can cause joint pain and, over time, joint deformity. […] Diabetes mellitus – Accumulation of iron in the pancreas can interfere with insulin production and cause diabetes mellitus. […] Reproductive problems – Accumulation of iron in the pituitary gland in the brain can interfere with the pituitary’s control of sex hormones. In males, pituitary damage can lead to impotence and/or loss of libido (sex drive). In females, pituitary damage can cause menstrual periods to stop or become irregular.

• #55 Haemochromatosis | Leukaemia & Blood Cancer New Zealand

  https://www.leukaemia.org.nz/information/about-blood-cancers/haemochromatosis/

  Many people with haemochromatosis have no symptoms, and the condition is detected by testing the serum ferritin through a routine blood test. […] Symptoms of haemochromatosis do not appear in any particular order and may be different from person to person. As iron accumulates over the years, variable signs and symptoms may appear, such as: Tiredness/fatigue, Weakness, Joint or abdominal pain, Low libido (loss of sex drive), General malaise (discomfort or physical unease), Skin/complexion may darken (associated with high ferritin levels). […] These symptoms are not specific to haemochromatosis, and may not be present at all, the condition may go unrecognised for some time. […] If the tissue iron level reaches a very high level, there can be a risk of serious problems occurring. Symptoms of high levels of iron overload in organs include: Enlarged liver and/or pain in the area of the liver (under the right rib cage), jaundice (yellow colour of the skin and/or eyes), Irregular heart beat or palpitations, shortness of breath, fatigue and/or swollen ankles, increased thirst, need to urinate, tiredness, skin infections that dont heal, blurry vision, dizziness, changes in weight and/or always feeling hungry, Arthritis, most commonly in the joints of the hands, feet, wrists, shoulders, knees, ankles and hips, Irregular periods, early menopause, loss of libido (sex drive), Loss of libido (low sex drive), shrinking testicles, enlarged breast tissue and/or inability to get or maintain an erection (impotence).

• #56 Patient education: Hereditary hemochromatosis (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hereditary-hemochromatosis-beyond-the-basics

  Darkening of the skin – Iron in the skin, along with the pigment melanin, can darken the skin and give a person a tanned appearance or may sometimes cause skin to look grey. […] Some of these problems get better with treatment, especially if treatment is started early and sufficient iron is removed from the body. However, some of these complications may not be reversible. […] Infections — In addition to causing symptoms, hemochromatosis can increase the risk of infections with specific types of bacteria. Iron accumulation interferes with the ability to fight off certain bacteria, and certain bacteria grow well in an iron-rich environment.

• #57 Hemochromatosis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430862/

  The following late manifestations occur when iron is deposited progressively in various tissues: Koilonychia affects the thumb and index finger, and it has been observed in 50% of patients. However, in 25% of patients, all nails are affected. Secondary diabetes may reveal finger prick marks indicating diabetes, and an abdominal examination may be suggestive of lipodystrophy as a clue towards insulin administration. Diffuse hyperpigmentation is seen in more than 90% of patients with hemochromatosis and is one of the earliest manifestations of the disease. […] Liver dysfunction is encountered in 75% of patients. Jaundice is usually absent earlier in the course of the illness. Liver disease can present with abdominal pain, hepatomegaly, cirrhosis, portal hypertension, ascites, and splenomegaly. […] Patients with iron overload are at increased risk of infection from Yersinia enterocolitica, Listeria monocytogenes, and V vulnificus.

• #58 Hemochromatosis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430862/

  The following late manifestations occur when iron is deposited progressively in various tissues: Koilonychia affects the thumb and index finger, and it has been observed in 50% of patients. However, in 25% of patients, all nails are affected. Secondary diabetes may reveal finger prick marks indicating diabetes, and an abdominal examination may be suggestive of lipodystrophy as a clue towards insulin administration. Diffuse hyperpigmentation is seen in more than 90% of patients with hemochromatosis and is one of the earliest manifestations of the disease. […] Liver dysfunction is encountered in 75% of patients. Jaundice is usually absent earlier in the course of the illness. Liver disease can present with abdominal pain, hepatomegaly, cirrhosis, portal hypertension, ascites, and splenomegaly. […] Patients with iron overload are at increased risk of infection from Yersinia enterocolitica, Listeria monocytogenes, and V vulnificus.

• #59 Patient education: Hereditary hemochromatosis (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hereditary-hemochromatosis-beyond-the-basics/print

  Darkening of the skin – Iron in the skin, along with the pigment melanin, can darken the skin and give a person a tanned appearance or may sometimes cause skin to look grey. […] Some of these problems get better with treatment, especially if treatment is started early and sufficient iron is removed from the body. However, some of these complications may not be reversible. […] Most people with hemochromatosis have a normal life expectancy. Survival may be shortened in people who are not treated and develop cirrhosis or diabetes mellitus.

• #60 Hemochromatosis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1104743-overview

  Once diagnosed, hemochromatosis is treated by phlebotomy to rid the body of excess iron and to maintain normal iron stores. […] Early detection and treatment of this common iron overload disorder can guarantee a normal lifespan in patients with hemochromatosis. […] The most important prognostic factor at the time of diagnosis is the presence or absence of hepatic fibrosis or cirrhosis. Patients without significant hepatic fibrosis may be expected to have a normal life expectancy with phlebotomy therapy. […] If untreated, hemochromatosis may lead to death from cirrhosis, diabetes, malignant hepatoma, or cardiac disease.

• #61 Hemochromatosis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1104743-overview

  Once diagnosed, hemochromatosis is treated by phlebotomy to rid the body of excess iron and to maintain normal iron stores. […] Early detection and treatment of this common iron overload disorder can guarantee a normal lifespan in patients with hemochromatosis. […] The most important prognostic factor at the time of diagnosis is the presence or absence of hepatic fibrosis or cirrhosis. Patients without significant hepatic fibrosis may be expected to have a normal life expectancy with phlebotomy therapy. […] If untreated, hemochromatosis may lead to death from cirrhosis, diabetes, malignant hepatoma, or cardiac disease.

• #62 Hereditary haemochromatosis — Knowledge Hub

  https://www.genomicseducation.hee.nhs.uk/genotes/knowledge-hub/hereditary-haemochromatosis/

  Hereditary haemochromatosis is characterised by progressive iron overload in the body, leading to multiple organ damage and dysfunction. […] Hereditary haemochromatosis (HH) typically presents between 30 and 60 years of age. […] Early diagnosis is not easy, as many of the symptoms are common and non-specific. They include: weakness and lethargy; joint pain; weight loss; and loss of sex drive. […] Later features of HH, which are caused by excessive parenchymal storage of iron in target organs, include: increased skin pigmentation (bronzing); diabetes mellitus; cardiomyopathy; hypogonadism, leading to decreased libido, erectile dysfunction or premature menopause; and liver manifestations, such as: hepatomegaly; cirrhosis; and hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma which account for one third of HH-related deaths.

• #63 Hemochromatosis – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hemochromatosis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351448

  Hemochromatosis can be difficult to diagnose. Early symptoms such as stiff joints and fatigue may be due to conditions other than hemochromatosis. […] Many people with the disease don’t have any symptoms other than high levels of iron in their blood. Hemochromatosis may be identified because of irregular blood test results after testing is done for other reasons. It also may be revealed when screening family members of people diagnosed with the disease. […] Treating hemochromatosis can help relieve symptoms of tiredness, stomach pain and skin darkening. It can help prevent serious complications such as liver disease, heart disease and diabetes. If you already have one of these conditions, phlebotomy may slow the progression of the disease. In some cases, it may even reverse it. […] Phlebotomy can’t reverse cirrhosis or joint pain, but it can slow the progression.

• #64 Hereditary Hemochromatosis – Symptoms & Treatment

  https://familydoctor.org/condition/hereditary-hemochromatosis/

  Hereditary hemochromatosis can’t be prevented. But early diagnosis and treatment can improve symptoms. It also can reduce the chance of you getting more serious health conditions. For example, if you’re diagnosed and treated before you get cirrhosis or diabetes, your life expectancy should be normal.

• #65 Patient education: Hereditary hemochromatosis (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hereditary-hemochromatosis-beyond-the-basics/print

  Darkening of the skin – Iron in the skin, along with the pigment melanin, can darken the skin and give a person a tanned appearance or may sometimes cause skin to look grey. […] Some of these problems get better with treatment, especially if treatment is started early and sufficient iron is removed from the body. However, some of these complications may not be reversible. […] Most people with hemochromatosis have a normal life expectancy. Survival may be shortened in people who are not treated and develop cirrhosis or diabetes mellitus.

• #66 Hemochromatosis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1104743-overview

  Once diagnosed, hemochromatosis is treated by phlebotomy to rid the body of excess iron and to maintain normal iron stores. […] Early detection and treatment of this common iron overload disorder can guarantee a normal lifespan in patients with hemochromatosis. […] The most important prognostic factor at the time of diagnosis is the presence or absence of hepatic fibrosis or cirrhosis. Patients without significant hepatic fibrosis may be expected to have a normal life expectancy with phlebotomy therapy. […] If untreated, hemochromatosis may lead to death from cirrhosis, diabetes, malignant hepatoma, or cardiac disease.

• #67 Hereditary haemochromatosis — Knowledge Hub

  https://www.genomicseducation.hee.nhs.uk/genotes/knowledge-hub/hereditary-haemochromatosis/

  If HH is diagnosed before the development of cirrhosis or diabetes mellitus, and treated adequately by venesection, life expectancy can be normal. However, if the diagnosis is made after the onset of irreversible organ damage, life expectancy is significantly reduced, primarily due to the risk of liver cancer.

• #68 What is haemochromatosis? – BHF

  https://www.bhf.org.uk/informationsupport/heart-matters-magazine/medical/haemochromatosis

  Haemochromatosis is an inherited condition which results in too much iron being stored in the body. […] It takes a long time for the iron to build up, so for the common type of hereditary haemochromatosis, symptoms are usually first seen between the ages of 30 and 60. […] The first symptoms people may notice are tiredness and darkening of the skin, or not feeling quite right. Later symptoms may be due to the effects of organ damage. If the high iron levels have damaged your liver, you may get fibrosis (hardening and scarring of the liver, which over time stops it from working as well) which may develop into cirrhosis, which is severe scarring that damages the function of the liver. […] A build-up of iron in the heart can cause heart failure and abnormal heart rhythms. This is a very significant problem which will needs careful management. […] Generally we look at the ferritin, and those patients who have higher ferritin (above 1,000 micrograms per litre) may require closer monitoring after the initial phase of treatment as they are more likely to develop long term problems, particularly of the liver.

• #69 Hemochromatosis – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hemochromatosis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351448

  Hemochromatosis can be difficult to diagnose. Early symptoms such as stiff joints and fatigue may be due to conditions other than hemochromatosis. […] Many people with the disease don’t have any symptoms other than high levels of iron in their blood. Hemochromatosis may be identified because of irregular blood test results after testing is done for other reasons. It also may be revealed when screening family members of people diagnosed with the disease. […] Treating hemochromatosis can help relieve symptoms of tiredness, stomach pain and skin darkening. It can help prevent serious complications such as liver disease, heart disease and diabetes. If you already have one of these conditions, phlebotomy may slow the progression of the disease. In some cases, it may even reverse it. […] Phlebotomy can’t reverse cirrhosis or joint pain, but it can slow the progression.

• #70 Hereditary Hemochromatosis (Iron Overload) Causes & Symptoms

  https://www.medicinenet.com/iron_overload/article.htm

  When hemochromatosis is diagnosed early and is treated effectively, damage to the liver, heart, testicles, pancreas, and joints can be prevented completely, and patients maintain normal health. […] In patients with established cirrhosis, effective treatment can improve the function of the heart, skin color, and diabetes. However, cirrhosis is irreversible and the risk of developing liver cancer remains.

• #71 Patient education: Hereditary hemochromatosis (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hereditary-hemochromatosis-beyond-the-basics/print

  Darkening of the skin – Iron in the skin, along with the pigment melanin, can darken the skin and give a person a tanned appearance or may sometimes cause skin to look grey. […] Some of these problems get better with treatment, especially if treatment is started early and sufficient iron is removed from the body. However, some of these complications may not be reversible. […] Most people with hemochromatosis have a normal life expectancy. Survival may be shortened in people who are not treated and develop cirrhosis or diabetes mellitus.

• #72 Haemochromatosis: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/allergies-blood-immune/haemochromatosis-leaflet

  Most of these symptoms are found in other disorders and so diagnosis can be difficult. Arthritis found only in the knuckle and the first joint of the first two fingers is very suggestive of haemochromatosis. […] The need for treatment to remove excess iron does not depend on the presence of symptoms. Because of the risk of developing a serious complication such as cirrhosis, treatment to remove iron buildup from the body is very important even if there are no symptoms. […] If haemochromatosis is diagnosed and treated early before any complications develop the outlook is very good with no reduction in life expectancy. In most people, haemochromatosis is not a fatal condition and life expectancy is normal. If complications do occur then the prognosis may be much worse. This depends on which complication develops and how severe it is.

• #73 Haemochromatosis: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/allergies-blood-immune/haemochromatosis-leaflet

  Most of these symptoms are found in other disorders and so diagnosis can be difficult. Arthritis found only in the knuckle and the first joint of the first two fingers is very suggestive of haemochromatosis. […] The need for treatment to remove excess iron does not depend on the presence of symptoms. Because of the risk of developing a serious complication such as cirrhosis, treatment to remove iron buildup from the body is very important even if there are no symptoms. […] If haemochromatosis is diagnosed and treated early before any complications develop the outlook is very good with no reduction in life expectancy. In most people, haemochromatosis is not a fatal condition and life expectancy is normal. If complications do occur then the prognosis may be much worse. This depends on which complication develops and how severe it is.

• #74 Sign up for our monthly newsletter

  https://www.haemochromatosis.org.uk/common-symptoms-of-genetic-haemochromatosis

  Symptoms of genetic haemochromatosis can include the following: […] Most individuals who have GH will, if untreated, develop at least one or two of the above symptoms, although possibly only in a very mild form. There may be a long phase of the condition where there are no symptoms. […] Fatigue liver problems joint problems is a typical order of symptoms developing (though this does vary of course). Joints complaints are typical of the elderly and sexual problems typical of younger people at diagnosis. […] The need for treatment to remove excess iron does not depend upon the presence of clinical symptoms. The risk of developing a serious complaint such as cirrhosis is much too great to be overlooked.

• #75 Sign up for our monthly newsletter

  https://www.haemochromatosis.org.uk/common-symptoms-of-genetic-haemochromatosis

  Symptoms of genetic haemochromatosis can include the following: […] Most individuals who have GH will, if untreated, develop at least one or two of the above symptoms, although possibly only in a very mild form. There may be a long phase of the condition where there are no symptoms. […] Fatigue liver problems joint problems is a typical order of symptoms developing (though this does vary of course). Joints complaints are typical of the elderly and sexual problems typical of younger people at diagnosis. […] The need for treatment to remove excess iron does not depend upon the presence of clinical symptoms. The risk of developing a serious complaint such as cirrhosis is much too great to be overlooked.

• #76 Sign up for our monthly newsletter

  https://www.haemochromatosis.org.uk/common-symptoms-of-genetic-haemochromatosis

  Symptoms of genetic haemochromatosis can include the following: […] Most individuals who have GH will, if untreated, develop at least one or two of the above symptoms, although possibly only in a very mild form. There may be a long phase of the condition where there are no symptoms. […] Fatigue liver problems joint problems is a typical order of symptoms developing (though this does vary of course). Joints complaints are typical of the elderly and sexual problems typical of younger people at diagnosis. […] The need for treatment to remove excess iron does not depend upon the presence of clinical symptoms. The risk of developing a serious complaint such as cirrhosis is much too great to be overlooked.

• #77 Living With Hemochromatosis | Hematology-Oncology Associates of CNY

  https://www.hoacny.com/patient-resources/blood-disorders/what-hemochromatosis/what-causes-hemochromatosis/living

  The outlook for people who have hemochromatosis largely depends on how much organ damage has already occurred at the time of diagnosis. […] If hemochromatosis isn’t treated, it can lead to severe organ damage or even death. […] However, treatment may not be able to reverse existing damage.

• #78 Symptoms and Diagnosis – Canadian Hemochromatosis Society

  https://www.toomuchiron.ca/hemochromatosis/symptoms-diagnosis/

  Without any kind of intervention, damage to organs from too much iron can eventually result in life threatening significant diseases, such as: Cirrhosis, with all its complications such as liver cancer and internal hemorrhage, Congestive heart failure, Diabetes. […] Diagnosing the disorder before symptoms occur, while still in the early stages before irreversible damage is done, is extremely important. Many complications can be treated or prevented, but early diagnosis and therapy is the key. […] Elevated levels of serum ferritin and transferrin saturation can be detected even before symptoms are noticeable. Continued abnormally high results of serum ferritin and transferrin saturation are called biochemical iron overload and is considered the first sign of hemochromatosis.

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