Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Gastroparesis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551528/

  Gastroparesis is a condition of delayed gastric emptying, lasting at least 3 months in the absence of mechanical obstruction. […] This activity reviews the epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, evaluation, and management of gastroparesis and highlights the important role of the interprofessional healthcare team in improving outcomes for patients with this gastrointestinal disease process. […] A holistic approach is recommended when treating patients with gastroparesis. Treatment should comprise assessment of nutritional status, measures to correct fluid, electrolyte, and nutritional deficiencies, relief of symptoms of gastroparesis, improvement of gastric emptying, and treatment of the underlying cause to prevent disease progression. […] Given the importance of dietary modification, formal nutrition and dietetic consults are recommended. Small meals limit emptying time and can alleviate symptoms.

• #2 Gastroparesis: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15522-gastroparesis

  Gastroparesis means paralysis of the stomach. Its a functional disorder affecting your stomach nerves and muscles. It makes your stomach muscle contractions weaker and slower than they need to be to digest your food and pass it on to your intestines. This leads to food sitting too long in your stomach. […] People with gastroparesis have uncomfortable symptoms during digestion, and they can also have longer-lasting side effects. They might have low appetite and trouble meeting their nutritional needs, or trouble controlling their blood sugar. […] Gastroparesis slows down your whole digestive process, which can delay your bowel movements. It can also deliver large, undigested pieces of food to your intestines, which are more difficult to pass through. […] Healthcare providers cant directly fix the damage that causes gastroparesis, but they can offer treatment to stimulate muscle contractions in your stomach and encourage it to empty. Medications are the first-line treatment, with surgery reserved for those who dont respond to medications or cant take them.

• #3 Digestion and Diabetes | Diabetes | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/diabetes-complications/diabetes-and-digestion.html

  Diabetes is the most common cause of a stomach problem called gastroparesis. […] High blood sugar can lead to gastroparesis, a condition where your stomach doesn’t empty properly. […] If you have gastroparesis, nerve damage from high blood sugar can cause those muscles to slow down or stop working. […] Because gastroparesis affects how fast the body absorbs food, it’s harder to know how much insulin you’ll need when you eat. […] Gastroparesis also affects how well the body absorbs food, which can lead to malnutrition if left untreated. […] Talk with your doctor if you have any of these symptoms so you can manage gastroparesis and keep it from worsening. […] There is no cure for gastroparesis. […] Managing your blood sugar levels can help to prevent or delay gastroparesis. […] If you already have gastroparesis, this can also help you manage it to avoid other serious health problems.

• #4 Gastroparesis Symptoms & Treatment | UT Physicians

  https://www.utphysicians.com/gastroparesis-understanding-the-condition-and-its-treatment/

  Gastroparesis is a chronic disorder of the gastrointestinal tract which slows or impedes the movement of food from the stomach to the small intestine. […] The first line of therapy for patients experiencing gastroparesis symptoms is to decrease the size of meals and increase the number of small meals per day to maintain caloric intake. […] For patients with diabetic gastroparesis, optimizing blood glucose levels is another important component of treatment. […] If lifestyle changes or medicinal therapies are unsuccessful in reducing the symptoms of gastroparesis, there are other interventions that can be considered, Cash said. One option beyond medications is gastric bypass, a surgery in which a portion of the stomach is removed. […] Another treatment option that is gaining popularity is a pyloromyotomy, a procedure that involves the interruption of the circular muscle leading from the stomach to the small intestine. […] He added that the gastrointestinal medication can be prescribed. Anti-nausea medications can also be used to relieve symptoms.

• #5

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=uf7845

  When you have gastroparesis, your stomach takes a lot longer to empty. This delay can cause belly pain, bloating, and belching. It also can cause hiccups, heartburn, nausea or vomiting. You may not feel like eating. These symptoms may come and go. They most often occur during and after meals. You may feel full after only a few bites of food. […] Home treatment can often help. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line (811 in most provinces and territories) if you are having problems. It’s also a good idea to know your test results and keep a list of the medicines you take. […] Eat several small meals each day rather than three large meals. […] If your doctor suggests it, take medicines that help the stomach empty more quickly. These are called motility agents. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if you have any problems.

• #6 Gastroparesis | ACG

  https://gi.org/topics/gastroparesis/

  Gastroparesis is a chronic disorder which means delayed stomach emptying without a blockage. In healthy people, when the stomach is functioning normally, contractions of the stomach help to crush ingested food and then propel the pulverized food into the small intestine where further digestion and absorption of nutrients occurs. […] Symptoms include fullness after meals, pain, nausea vomiting, weight loss, belching and bloating. Certain foods like fatty foods, or carbonation may cause symptoms. The feeling of fullness after starting a meal is very common. Weight loss may also occur. […] The initial treatment in patients with gastroparesis is to create a diet that will improve the symptoms. Your physician may recommend eating frequent small meals and to avoid fatty, spicy, acidy and high fiber foods. Your physician may also recommend soups or more liquid containing meals.

• #7 Gastroparesis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551528/

  Gastroparesis is a condition of delayed gastric emptying, lasting at least 3 months in the absence of mechanical obstruction. […] This activity reviews the epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, evaluation, and management of gastroparesis and highlights the important role of the interprofessional healthcare team in improving outcomes for patients with this gastrointestinal disease process. […] A holistic approach is recommended when treating patients with gastroparesis. Treatment should comprise assessment of nutritional status, measures to correct fluid, electrolyte, and nutritional deficiencies, relief of symptoms of gastroparesis, improvement of gastric emptying, and treatment of the underlying cause to prevent disease progression. […] Given the importance of dietary modification, formal nutrition and dietetic consults are recommended. Small meals limit emptying time and can alleviate symptoms.

• #8 Gastroparesis for the nongastroenterologist | Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine

  https://www.ccjm.org/content/91/6/373

  Gastroparesis is a heterogeneous motility disorder characterized by nausea, vomiting, and postprandial fullness. Its diagnosis requires objective documentation of delayed gastric emptying of solid food and exclusion of mechanical obstruction. Management involves nutritional assessment, dietary changes, drug evaluation, glycemic control (for patients with diabetes mellitus), and symptom relief. In this review, we explore challenges nongastroenterologists may encounter and how they can use current recommendations to manage patients with gastroparesis. […] Management of gastroparesis aims to improve symptoms and gastric emptying. It includes improving nutritional status through dietary modifications, minimizing or avoiding drugs such as opioids, achieving glycemic control in patients with diabetes, treating underlying causes, and instituting pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic options when indicated.

• #9 Gastroparesis Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plan – NurseStudy.Net

  https://nursestudy.net/gastroparesis-nursing-diagnosis/

  Gastroparesis is a chronic digestive disorder characterized by delayed gastric emptying without mechanical obstruction. This nursing diagnosis focuses on identifying and managing gastroparesis symptoms, preventing complications, and improving the patients quality of life. […] Gastroparesis presents with distinctive signs and symptoms that nurses must recognize for proper diagnosis and treatment. […] The following outcomes indicate successful management of gastroparesis: Patient will maintain adequate nutrition and hydration, Patient will report reduced nausea and vomiting, Patient will demonstrate weight maintenance or gain, Patient will show improved blood sugar control (if diabetic), Patient will report decreased abdominal pain, Patient will follow prescribed dietary modifications, Patient will demonstrate understanding of medication regimen.

• #10 Gastroparesis Awareness Month Highlights GI Disorder – Minority Nurse

  https://minoritynurse.com/gastroparesis-awareness-month-highlights-gi-disorder/

  Since 2016, August has marked Gastroparesis Awareness Month to raise an understanding and highlight education about this disorder. Sponsored by the International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders (IFFGD), Gastroparesis Awareness Month can help all nurses identify patients who might be misdiagnosed. […] Nurses can be watchful for digestive troubles and, says McArthur, of the some patients who could have conditions that make gastroparesis more common. […] In these patients, nurses can be particularly alert to any digestive complaints. McArthur says watching for nausea, vomiting, bloating, abdominal pain, fullness, or lack of appetite can signal follow-up testing to help with a proper diagnosis. […] Patients will also likely work with a healthcare team that might include a gastrointestinal registered dietician for the gastroparesis type diet which could be very different from the patients current diet. […] Nurses, whether GI nurses or in another specialty, can play an active role in helping patients navigate through uncomfortable and disruptive symptoms and diagnosis. Nurses can help patients with gastroparesis and/or motility conditions by showing compassion and empathy, says McArthur.

• #11 Gastroparesis Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plan – NurseStudy.Net

  https://nursestudy.net/gastroparesis-nursing-diagnosis/

  Monitor Nutritional Status: Assess dietary intake, Monitor weight trends, Check for signs of malnutrition, Document feeding tolerance, Track caloric intake. […] Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Imbalanced Nutrition: Less than body requirements related to impaired gastric emptying as evidenced by weight loss, early satiety, and inadequate food intake. […] Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Risk for Deficient Fluid Volume related to frequent vomiting and decreased oral intake as evidenced by poor skin turgor and decreased urine output. […] Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Chronic Pain related to gastroparesis as evidenced by reported abdominal pain, bloating, and distention. […] Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Knowledge Deficit related to gastroparesis management as evidenced by verbalized questions about diet and medication regimen. […] Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Disturbed Body Image related to weight loss and dietary restrictions as evidenced by expressed concerns about appearance and social isolation.

• #12 Gastroparesis Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plan – NurseStudy.Net

  https://nursestudy.net/gastroparesis-nursing-diagnosis/

  Monitor Nutritional Status: Assess dietary intake, Monitor weight trends, Check for signs of malnutrition, Document feeding tolerance, Track caloric intake. […] Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Imbalanced Nutrition: Less than body requirements related to impaired gastric emptying as evidenced by weight loss, early satiety, and inadequate food intake. […] Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Risk for Deficient Fluid Volume related to frequent vomiting and decreased oral intake as evidenced by poor skin turgor and decreased urine output. […] Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Chronic Pain related to gastroparesis as evidenced by reported abdominal pain, bloating, and distention. […] Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Knowledge Deficit related to gastroparesis management as evidenced by verbalized questions about diet and medication regimen. […] Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Disturbed Body Image related to weight loss and dietary restrictions as evidenced by expressed concerns about appearance and social isolation.

• #13 Gastroparesis – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gastroparesis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355792

  Our caring team of Mayo Clinic experts can help you with your gastroparesis-related health concerns […] Getting enough calories and nutrition while improving symptoms is the main goal in the treatment of gastroparesis. Many people can manage gastroparesis with dietary changes. Your healthcare professional may refer you to a specialist, called a dietitian. […] A dietitian can work with you to find foods that are easier to digest. This can help you get enough nutrition from the food you eat. […] Ask your dietitian for a list of foods suggested for people with gastroparesis. […] Some people with gastroparesis may be unable to have any food or liquids. Then healthcare professionals may suggest that a feeding tube, called a jejunostomy tube, be placed in the small intestine. Another choice is a gastric venting tube to help relieve pressure from gastric contents.

• #14 Gastroparesis – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gastroparesis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355792

  Feeding tubes can be passed through the nose or mouth or directly into the small intestine through the skin. Most often, the tube is placed for the short term. A feeding tube is only for gastroparesis that’s severe or when no other method controls blood sugar levels. Some people may need a feeding tube that goes into a vein in the chest, called an intravenous (IV) feeding tube. […] If you smoke, stop. Your gastroparesis symptoms are less likely to improve over time if you keep smoking.

• #15 What is gastroparesis and how should you treat it? Our Dr. Ismail weighs in. | UK Healthcare

  https://ukhealthcare.uky.edu/wellness-community/blog/what-gastroparesis-how-should-you-treat-it-our-dr-ismail-weighs

  Gastroparesis is a disorder in which the stomach takes too long to empty after eating. […] Patients then receive detailed instructions on dietary management and are often referred to a dietician. […] Dietary modifications represent one of the treatment cornerstones. Patients typically feel better when consuming smaller, more frequent meals. […] We provide detailed written instructions and often refer patients to a dietician for more comprehensive instruction on diet modification. […] UK Healthcare serves as a referral center for gastroparesis and other gastrointestinal motility disorders. We offer a multi-specialty team approach addressing the patients symptoms, underlying etiology and offer suitable treatment plans.

• #16 LIVING WITH GASTROPARESIS: Jenna Wishnew, MD, FACS: General Surgeons

  https://www.drwishnew.com/blog/living-with-gastroparesis

  For more severe cases that dont typically respond well to therapy including oral medications and surgery, IV infusion and medications are started to prevent dehydration due to persistent vomiting. […] Once oral intake is not tolerated causing malnutrition or malnutrition becomes a bigger issue due to poor absorption or low-calorie intake, patients are given other sources/routes for nutrition. […] Most of the time, no single treatment helps all gastroparesis patients. […] Patients and families need to plan care with the doctor or the healthcare team to maximize benefits and minimize risks. […] Gastroparesis is a chronic condition with no cure that greatly impacts the quality of life and well-being. […] While some cases are refractory and do not respond too well to treatment, doing your part in finding and noting what helps you can and will make a difference.

• #17 Gastroparesis | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/gastroparesis

  There are medicines that your doctor might prescribe to help control your symptoms. Domperidone is a medicine which improves muscle contraction in the stomach, and can help food move along the gastrointestinal tract. […] If your symptoms don’t improve with dietary changes and medicines, your doctor may recommend a medical procedure or surgery. […] If you have gastroparesis, eating can be a challenge. […] Your dietician can advise you what foods to eat to minimise your symptoms while making sure that you are getting the energy and nutrients you need to stay healthy. […] Gastroparesis can cause complications including: weight loss and malnutrition, low vitamin and mineral levels, dehydration, low energy levels. […] See your doctor and dietitian regularly to help prevent or manage these complications. […] If you have diabetes, controlling your blood sugar levels can help to prevent gastroparesis from developing or getting worse.

• #18 Gastroparesis: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.gastroparesis-care-instructions.uf7845

  Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor if you are having problems. It’s also a good idea to know your test results and keep a list of the medicines you take. […] Eat several small meals each day rather than three large meals. […] Eat foods that are low in fiber and fat. […] If your doctor suggests it, take medicines that help the stomach empty more quickly. These are called motility agents. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if you have any problems.

• #19 Gastroparesis: Nutrition Strategies for Success – Option Care Health

  https://optioncarehealth.com/patients/resources/gastroparesis-nutrition-strategies-for-success

  Gastroparesis refers to a delay in emptying stomach contents. Symptoms often include feeling full after eating a meal, or even a small amount of food, as well as nausea, vomiting, bloating or abdominal pain. The following tips are intended to reduce symptoms and help maintain adequate nutrition. […] Eat small, frequent meals (5-6 or more per day is recommended) […] Sit upright during meals and for 1-2 hours afterward. […] Limit dietary fat intake, avoiding high fat, fried or greasy foods. […] Limit dietary fiber intake as this slows stomach emptying and can cause gas and bloating. […] Stay hydrated. Most adults need 6-10 cups of water per day. […] Avoid alcohol as it can affect stomach emptying. […] Exercise may increase stomach emptying and reduce symptoms. Walking after meals is suggested.

• #20 Gastroparesis Self-Care: 10 Tips

  https://www.gastroconsa.com/gastroparesis-self-care-10-tips/

  Gastroparesis, or delayed gastric emptying, happens when your stomach takes longer than usual to move food into your intestines. This can cause symptoms like nausea, vomiting, and feeling full after eating just a small amount. It can also lead to bloating, abdominal pain, and even weight loss. Living with this condition can be frustrating. Fortunately, several tricks for gastroparesis self-care can make it much more manageable. […] Instead of three large meals a day, try eating four to five smaller meals. Smaller portions are easier for your stomach to handle and can reduce symptoms like bloating and nausea. […] Stick to foods that are low in fat and fiber, such as cooked, skinless vegetables, peeled fruits like bananas or applesauce, and lean proteins such as chicken, fish, or eggs. […] If your doctor prescribes medications, like metoclopramide, to help your stomach empty faster, take them 10-15 minutes before meals. This will help ensure they work effectively.

• #21 Gastroparesis Symptoms, Treatment, Causes | UCLA Medical School

  https://medschool.ucla.edu/news-article/gastroparesis-symptoms-treatment-and-causes

  Gastroparesis is a medical condition that affects the stomach’s ability to properly empty its contents into the small intestine. This condition occurs when the muscles in the stomach which are responsible for pushing food through the digestive tract become impaired or weakened. As a result, food stays in the stomach for a longer time than normal, leading to various digestive symptoms. […] The goal of treatment is to alleviate symptoms, improve stomach emptying, and enhance the patient’s quality of life. […] In terms of treatment, there’s various options depending on the severity. […] Gastroparesis diet modification: This is the best place to start, according to Dr. Gluckman. We do recommend a low fat and low fiber diet because we know that those foods pass through the stomach quicker than high fat and high fiber foods.

• #22 Digestion and Diabetes | Diabetes | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/diabetes-complications/diabetes-and-digestion.html

  Tips for gastroparesis: Eat frequent, small meals that are low in fat and fiber. Fat, fiber, and large meals can delay stomach emptying and make symptoms worse. […] Check with your doctor and pharmacist before taking any over-the-counter medicines or dietary supplements. […] Limit or avoid alcohol. […] If you smoke, quit as soon as you can. […] Be physically active.

• #23 Gastroparesis Symptoms, Treatment, Causes | UCLA Medical School

  https://medschool.ucla.edu/news-article/gastroparesis-symptoms-treatment-and-causes

  Various medications can help improve stomach motility and reduce symptoms of gastroparesis. […] If we think the problem is at the pylorus (the end of the stomach), during an endoscopy, we can inject Botox into that area, says Dr. Gluckman. […] For very severe cases of gastroparesis a surgeon might implant a gastric pacemaker onto the surface of the stomach, Dr. Gluckman explains. […] To determine which treatment or treatments might work best, Dr. Gluckman believes a multi-disciplinary approach is key: An internist, a gastroenterologist, and a dietician should work together to address risk factors and optimize patient care, he insists.

• #24 Gastroparesis Self-Care: 10 Tips

  https://www.gastroconsa.com/gastroparesis-self-care-10-tips/

  Dehydration can worsen symptoms, so sip water or clear liquids throughout the day. […] High blood sugar can slow digestion further. If you have diabetes, keeping your blood sugar levels stable is critical. […] Chew your food thoroughly, avoid lying down for at least two hours after meals, and try gentle movement, like a short walk, to help your stomach process food. […] If eating solid food becomes too difficult, talk to your doctor about liquid meal replacement options. […] Stress can aggravate gastroparesis symptoms. Relaxation techniques like deep breathing, yoga, or meditation can help your digestive system function better. […] Some symptoms can point to a more serious condition. Reach out to your doctor if you experience persistent nausea or vomiting, increasing trouble eating or keeping food down, significant weight loss or dehydration, or severe abdominal pain. […] If you’ve been struggling with delayed gastric emptying and want more help with gastroparesis self-care, it’s time to partner with an experienced urologist. They can ensure your treatments are optimized for you, giving you the best chance of long-term comfort.

• #25 Get Gastroparesis Treatment | Cleveland Clinic

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/gastroparesis-treatment

  Cleveland Clinic is a national leader in endoscopic therapy for gastroparesis and provides patients with access to surgeons that specialize in gastroparesis-related surgeries. Our Gastroparesis Clinic was one of the first programs nationally, providing coordinated surgical and gastroenterology appointments on same day, and in the same location. […] We specialize in endoscopic and laparoscopic treatments, including per-oral pyloromyotomy and gastric electrical stimulation. These minimally invasive procedures relieve gastroparesis symptoms without open surgery. […] Youll meet one-on-one with a provider who specializes in treating gastroparesis to discuss your medications, diet, nutrition and other treatments in your personalized care plan. […] We offer a wide range of gastroparesis treatments at Cleveland Clinic. Well personalize your treatments to you, your symptoms and your lifestyle so you can feel better as quickly as possible.

• #26 Treatment for Gastroparesis – NIDDK

  https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/gastroparesis/treatment

  How doctors treat gastroparesis depends on the cause, how severe your symptoms and complications are, and how well you respond to different treatments. […] Changing your eating habits can help control gastroparesis and make sure you get the right amount of nutrients, calories, and liquids. […] If your symptoms are moderate to severe, your doctor may recommend drinking only liquids or eating well-cooked solid foods that have been processed into very small pieces or paste in a blender. […] If you have gastroparesis and diabetes, you will need to control your blood glucose levels, especially hyperglycemia. […] Your doctor may prescribe medicines that help the muscles in the wall of your stomach work better. […] In some cases, your doctor may recommend oral or nasal tube feeding to make sure you’re getting the right amount of nutrients and calories.

• #27 Treatment for Gastroparesis – NIDDK

  https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/gastroparesis/treatment

  If you aren’t getting enough nutrients and calories from other treatments, your doctor may recommend jejunostomy tube feeding. […] Your doctor may recommend parenteral, or intravenous (IV), nutrition if your gastroparesis is so severe that other treatments are not helping. […] Your doctor may recommend a venting gastrostomy to relieve pressure inside your stomach. […] Gastric electrical stimulation (GES) uses a small, battery-powered device to send mild electrical pulses to the nerves and muscles in the lower stomach. […] If you have diabetes, you can prevent or delay nerve damage that can cause gastroparesis by keeping your blood glucose levels within the target range that your doctor thinks is best for you.

• #28 Gastroparesis for the nongastroenterologist | Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine

  https://www.ccjm.org/content/91/6/373

  A comprehensive strategy for managing gastroparesis includes optimizing nutritional status (balance between nutrients acquired from food and beverages and their use by the body for essential functions), improving gastric emptying, reversing iatrogenic causes, and achieving glycemic control in patients with diabetes. It is crucial to avoid medications that exacerbate the gastric emptying delay, such as opioids and GLP-1 receptor agonists. The first-line approach is to educate patients on a small-particle diet. […] Patients with severe gastroparesis frequently need hospitalization to address their condition, including intravenous hydration to correct metabolic imbalances, nasoenteric decompression, and temporary parenteral nutrition for those experiencing significant weight loss and difficulties with oral intake. Total parenteral nutrition can be considered for advanced cases of gastroparesis; however, reinstating oral intake is generally recommended when feasible to reduce the risk of complications such as central-line infections.

• #29 Gastroparesis | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/22116

  Gastroparesis is a condition of delayed gastric emptying in the absence of mechanical obstruction, lasting for at least 3 months. […] Treating gastroparesis is limited by medication tolerance and decreasing effectiveness; dietary modification is important. […] A holistic approach is recommended when treating patients with gastroparesis. Treatment should comprise assessment of nutritional status, measures to correct fluid, electrolyte, and nutritional deficiencies, relief of symptoms of gastroparesis, improvement of gastric emptying, and treatment of the underlying cause to prevent disease progression. […] Given the importance of dietary modification, formal nutrition and dietetic consults are recommended. Small meals limit emptying time and can alleviate symptoms. […] Antiemetics such as prochlorperazine (5 to 10 mg up to 3 times daily), diphenhydramine (12.5 to 25 mg up to 4 times daily), and ondansetron (4 or 8 mg up to 3 times daily) can provide symptomatic relief in gastroparesis.

• #30 Gastroparesis | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/22116

  Metoclopramide is the only drug approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for gastroparesis and is usually administered 15 minutes before meals. […] Gastric electrical stimulation (GES) decreases the frequency of vomiting and the need for nutrition supplementation. […] Systematic education targeting different members of the healthcare team can ensure quality care for patients with gastroparesis. […] An interprofessional team approach is essential to improve the morbidity associated with gastroparesis.

• #31 Gastroparesis | Minimally Invasive and Gastrointestinal Surgery | Medical College of Wisconsin

  https://www.mcw.edu/departments/surgery/divisions/minimally-invasive-and-gastrointestinal-surgery/patient-care/gerd-and-gastrointestinal-surgery-program/gastroparesis

  Gastroparesis is a chronic disorder in which food moves through the stomach more slowly than normal. Patients with gastroparesis complain of chronic or recurrent gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, early satiety (they get full very soon after beginning a meal), and bloating. […] Conventional medical approaches to treat gastroparesis have included medications to help the stomach empty. These are called prokinetic medications and include drugs such as erythromycin, metoclopramide, and domperidone. […] A modified diet (low fiber, low fat, small, frequent meals) can help with symptoms and nutrition and is a must before considering surgery for gastroparesis. […] Enterra Therapy is a treatment option for drug-refractory symptomatic nausea and vomiting related to gastroparesis.

• #32 Gastroparesis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551528/

  Antiemetics such as prochlorperazine (5 to 10 mg up to 3 times daily), diphenhydramine (12.5 to 25 mg up to 4 times daily), and ondansetron (4 or 8 mg up to 3 times daily) can provide symptomatic relief in gastroparesis. […] Gastric electrical stimulation (GES) decreases the frequency of vomiting and the need for nutrition supplementation. […] An interprofessional team approach is essential to improve the morbidity associated with gastroparesis. Nutritionists are essential to managing gastroparesis effectively.

• #33 Gastroparesis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551528/

  Antiemetics such as prochlorperazine (5 to 10 mg up to 3 times daily), diphenhydramine (12.5 to 25 mg up to 4 times daily), and ondansetron (4 or 8 mg up to 3 times daily) can provide symptomatic relief in gastroparesis. […] Gastric electrical stimulation (GES) decreases the frequency of vomiting and the need for nutrition supplementation. […] An interprofessional team approach is essential to improve the morbidity associated with gastroparesis. Nutritionists are essential to managing gastroparesis effectively.

• #34 LIVING WITH GASTROPARESIS: Jenna Wishnew, MD, FACS: General Surgeons

  https://www.drwishnew.com/blog/living-with-gastroparesis

  Going to the doctor can be stressful, adding up to all the symptoms you already have but being a good gastroparesis patient isnt just listening to your doctor. […] It is still best to go see your doctor to tailor the care plan for you and your individual needs. […] The first line of treatment will be to modify the diet. Follow the gastroparesis diet which is low fat, low fiber, low sugar, and small frequent meals. […] Eating small frequent meals will help the stomach lessen the load with emptying. […] Antiemetic or anti-nausea medications include Zofran or Phenergan which helps control symptoms of nausea and vomiting although they do not improve gastric emptying. […] Other medications include Compazine (anti-psychotic), Benadryl (antihistamine), and Diclegis (used to treat nausea and vomiting in pregnancy) which can all help with the control of symptoms of nausea and vomiting.

• #35 Input about gastroparesis – Emergency Nursing

  https://allnurses.com/input-gastroparesis-t469004/

  I’m confident I will see her again. Was just looking for tips at how to help manage the symptoms. […] The pain and nausea/vomiting is very real, and pain meds do very little to actually help the pain. […] It is very difficult to get the symptoms under control during a bad attack. […] I usually get tons of NS (or d5 if my bs are low), IV zofran, and something for pain if pain is an issue.

• #36 Gastroparesis: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15522-gastroparesis

  The goals of treatment are to: Stimulate your stomach muscles and/or allow your stomach to empty. Make sure your body has the nutrition and hydration it needs. Manage symptoms and side effects of the condition. Manage the cause, if possible, to prevent it from worsening. […] Prokinetics, medications that stimulate gastrointestinal motility, are the first-line treatment for gastroparesis. […] You might need to change your diet to accommodate your condition for example, eat less fiber and less fat to make digestion easier. […] Surgery is the last resort in gastroparesis treatment. If all other treatments fail, you might need surgery to modify your stomach to help food pass through it. […] Gastroparesis can be mild to severe, and so can its effect on your quality of life. While theres no quick fix, there are many treatment options available to help you manage it. Your healthcare provider will work closely with you to find the treatment plan that works best for you.

• #37 Treatment for Gastroparesis – NIDDK

  https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/gastroparesis/treatment

  If you aren’t getting enough nutrients and calories from other treatments, your doctor may recommend jejunostomy tube feeding. […] Your doctor may recommend parenteral, or intravenous (IV), nutrition if your gastroparesis is so severe that other treatments are not helping. […] Your doctor may recommend a venting gastrostomy to relieve pressure inside your stomach. […] Gastric electrical stimulation (GES) uses a small, battery-powered device to send mild electrical pulses to the nerves and muscles in the lower stomach. […] If you have diabetes, you can prevent or delay nerve damage that can cause gastroparesis by keeping your blood glucose levels within the target range that your doctor thinks is best for you.

• #38 Gastroparesis | Minimally Invasive and Gastrointestinal Surgery | Medical College of Wisconsin

  https://www.mcw.edu/departments/surgery/divisions/minimally-invasive-and-gastrointestinal-surgery/patient-care/gerd-and-gastrointestinal-surgery-program/gastroparesis

  Enterra Therapy is a treatment option for people who suffer from chronic nausea and vomiting associated with gastroparesis of diabetic or idiopathic origin, and for whom standard medications are ineffective. […] Enterra Therapy has been shown to improve nausea and vomiting associated with diabetic and idiopathic gastroparesis. […] Enterra Therapy is not a cure for gastroparesis, but it may help significantly with the symptoms that result from the condition. […] Enterra Therapy is generally a very safe procedure. […] At the Medical College of Wisconsin, clinical protocol calls for visits at 2 weeks, 2 months, 6 months, and every year. […] Providers in the surgery clinic at the Medical College of Wisconsin will manage the settings on the Enterra Therapy device. We do not manage gastroparesis or associated gastrointestinal symptoms in any other way. […] Many insurance companies pay for the Enterra Therapy.

• #39 Gastroparesis | Conditions | UCSF Health

  https://www.ucsfhealth.org/conditions/gastroparesis

  Gastric electrical stimulation uses a device, surgically implanted in the abdomen, to deliver mild electrical pulses to the nerves and smooth muscle of the lower part of the stomach. […] If gastroparesis is related to an injury of the vagus nerve, patients may benefit from a procedure called pyloroplasty.

• #40 Get Gastroparesis Treatment | Cleveland Clinic

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/gastroparesis-treatment

  We always try to do the least invasive treatment options first rather than moving right to talking about surgery. […] A registered dietitian works with you to adjust your diet and eating habits. Well help you maintain a healthy weight and avoid malnutrition. […] Some medications, like metoclopramide, domperidone, cisapride or erythromycin, can help your stomach work better so its contents move into your small intestine faster. […] We may inject botulinum toxin (Botox) directly into your pylorus (the valve between your stomach and small intestine). […] Gastroparesis surgery may be right for you if your symptoms dont improve after you change your diet or take medication. […] During POP, well insert an endoscope into your mouth and move it through your esophagus to your pylorus. […] Our experts are here to guide and support you through gastroparesis diagnosis and treatment every step of the way.

• #41 Gastroparesis | Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist

  https://www.wakehealth.edu/condition/g/gastroparesis

  Gastroparesis is a condition that reduces the ability of the stomach to empty its contents. […] People with diabetes should always control their blood sugar levels. Better control of blood sugar level may improve symptoms of gastroparesis. Eating small and more frequent meals and soft foods may also help relieve some symptoms. […] Other treatments may include: Botulinum toxin (Botox) injected into the outlet of the stomach (pylorus). […] Surgical procedure that creates an opening between the stomach and small intestine to allow food to move through the digestive tract more easily (gastroenterostomy). […] Laparoscopic Gastric Stimulator. […] Laparoscopic Subtotal Gastrectomy. […] Pyloroplasty.

• #42 Gastroparesis Symptoms, Treatment, Causes | UCLA Medical School

  https://medschool.ucla.edu/news-article/gastroparesis-symptoms-treatment-and-causes

  Various medications can help improve stomach motility and reduce symptoms of gastroparesis. […] If we think the problem is at the pylorus (the end of the stomach), during an endoscopy, we can inject Botox into that area, says Dr. Gluckman. […] For very severe cases of gastroparesis a surgeon might implant a gastric pacemaker onto the surface of the stomach, Dr. Gluckman explains. […] To determine which treatment or treatments might work best, Dr. Gluckman believes a multi-disciplinary approach is key: An internist, a gastroenterologist, and a dietician should work together to address risk factors and optimize patient care, he insists.

• #43 LIVING WITH GASTROPARESIS: Jenna Wishnew, MD, FACS: General Surgeons

  https://www.drwishnew.com/blog/living-with-gastroparesis

  Botulinum toxin injection into the pyloric sphincter is a simple procedure that is performed with an upper endoscopy. […] This treatment is less invasive and less expensive compared to pyloroplasty surgery but can only help patients for approximately 90 120 days. […] Pyloroplasty is a surgery to widen the pylorus, or the valve in the lower part of the stomach, allowing food to empty into the small intestine. […] This procedure involves cutting through and removing some of the pyloric sphincter to widen and relax the pylorus making it easier for food to pass through without difficulty or obstruction. […] The gastric neurostimulator is a small programmable device implanted in the muscle of the stomach. […] The stimulator is not a cure and the goal of therapy is 80% improvement of the symptoms.

• #44 Gastroparesis – Diagnosis & Treatment | IU Health

  https://iuhealth.org/find-medical-services/gastroparesis

  Your healthcare team includes experienced specialists in the following areas: GI motility, Minimally invasive surgery, Intestinal transplant surgery, Neurology, Medical genetics, GI radiology, GI neuromuscular pathology and nutrition. […] Treatment options for gastroparesis include: Dietary changes. Adjusting your eating habits can help you control your symptoms. […] Several medicines can improve emptying of the stomach and reduce symptoms. […] Gastric electrical stimulation is an effective therapy option used to treat gastroparesis. […] Parenteral nutrition. This treatment delivers nutrition directly into the bloodstream, bypassing your digestive tract, in cases of severe gastroparesis. […] If you have gastroparesis related to diabetes, your physician may recommend adjusting your blood sugar management.

• #45 Gastroparesis for the nongastroenterologist | Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine

  https://www.ccjm.org/content/91/6/373

  A comprehensive strategy for managing gastroparesis includes optimizing nutritional status (balance between nutrients acquired from food and beverages and their use by the body for essential functions), improving gastric emptying, reversing iatrogenic causes, and achieving glycemic control in patients with diabetes. It is crucial to avoid medications that exacerbate the gastric emptying delay, such as opioids and GLP-1 receptor agonists. The first-line approach is to educate patients on a small-particle diet. […] Patients with severe gastroparesis frequently need hospitalization to address their condition, including intravenous hydration to correct metabolic imbalances, nasoenteric decompression, and temporary parenteral nutrition for those experiencing significant weight loss and difficulties with oral intake. Total parenteral nutrition can be considered for advanced cases of gastroparesis; however, reinstating oral intake is generally recommended when feasible to reduce the risk of complications such as central-line infections.

• #46 Input about gastroparesis – Emergency Nursing

  https://allnurses.com/input-gastroparesis-t469004/

  I will say that I never screamed in pain from my gastroparesis. But I’ve been extremely uncomfortable, to the point where my quality of life has been adversely affected. […] When I’ve received dilaudid in the past for GI-related discomfort, I’ve been aware that my pain has still existed, but I simply haven’t cared so much that it’s there as I did when the medication wore off. […] I wonder, like you, if some of the patients that you see have built up a tolerance as a result of their chronic pain. […] I can tell you that I have NEVER been so sick in my life, no exaggeration! Treatment consisted of pain meds, constant fluids and phenergan. The pain meds helped first, then the fluids and finally the phenergan. What helped the most, was the care and concern of all of the nurses that took care of me.

• #47 Input about gastroparesis – Emergency Nursing

  https://allnurses.com/input-gastroparesis-t469004/

  I’m confident I will see her again. Was just looking for tips at how to help manage the symptoms. […] The pain and nausea/vomiting is very real, and pain meds do very little to actually help the pain. […] It is very difficult to get the symptoms under control during a bad attack. […] I usually get tons of NS (or d5 if my bs are low), IV zofran, and something for pain if pain is an issue.

• #48 Treatment for Gastroparesis – NIDDK

  https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/gastroparesis/treatment

  How doctors treat gastroparesis depends on the cause, how severe your symptoms and complications are, and how well you respond to different treatments. […] Changing your eating habits can help control gastroparesis and make sure you get the right amount of nutrients, calories, and liquids. […] If your symptoms are moderate to severe, your doctor may recommend drinking only liquids or eating well-cooked solid foods that have been processed into very small pieces or paste in a blender. […] If you have gastroparesis and diabetes, you will need to control your blood glucose levels, especially hyperglycemia. […] Your doctor may prescribe medicines that help the muscles in the wall of your stomach work better. […] In some cases, your doctor may recommend oral or nasal tube feeding to make sure you’re getting the right amount of nutrients and calories.

• #49 Gastroparesis | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/gastroparesis

  For children with severe nausea, vomiting and significant weight loss, placement of a nasogastric, nasojejunal or gastrostomy or jejunal tube may become necessary to ensure adequate hydration and adequate daily caloric intake. […] Although there is no cure for gastroparesis, the focus of pharmacological therapy is to improve patient lifestyle by attempting to improve gastric emptying, and targeting symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal bloating and abdominal pain. […] Psychological therapies such as stress management, cognitive behavioral therapy, relaxation therapy and biofeedback give children other ways to minimize the negative impacts of their disease on their quality of life. […] In general, the overall goal of gastroparesis treatment is to help the patient achieve a healthier lifestyle by using a combination of nutritional, pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies. […] If your child with gastroparesis is successfully diagnosed and treated, your child can lead a relatively normal life.

• #50 LIVING WITH GASTROPARESIS: Jenna Wishnew, MD, FACS: General Surgeons

  https://www.drwishnew.com/blog/living-with-gastroparesis

  It will take a great deal of courage, strength, and effort to deal with this challenging disease while advocating for better health. […] It is imperative to understand that you are not alone, we, your healthcare providers, and organizations working on research and advances in treatment, and your loved ones are here for you.

• #51 Gastroparesis Awareness Month Highlights GI Disorder – Minority Nurse

  https://minoritynurse.com/gastroparesis-awareness-month-highlights-gi-disorder/

  Since 2016, August has marked Gastroparesis Awareness Month to raise an understanding and highlight education about this disorder. Sponsored by the International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders (IFFGD), Gastroparesis Awareness Month can help all nurses identify patients who might be misdiagnosed. […] Nurses can be watchful for digestive troubles and, says McArthur, of the some patients who could have conditions that make gastroparesis more common. […] In these patients, nurses can be particularly alert to any digestive complaints. McArthur says watching for nausea, vomiting, bloating, abdominal pain, fullness, or lack of appetite can signal follow-up testing to help with a proper diagnosis. […] Patients will also likely work with a healthcare team that might include a gastrointestinal registered dietician for the gastroparesis type diet which could be very different from the patients current diet. […] Nurses, whether GI nurses or in another specialty, can play an active role in helping patients navigate through uncomfortable and disruptive symptoms and diagnosis. Nurses can help patients with gastroparesis and/or motility conditions by showing compassion and empathy, says McArthur.

• #52 Digestion and Diabetes | Diabetes | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/diabetes-complications/diabetes-and-digestion.html

  Diabetes is the most common cause of a stomach problem called gastroparesis. […] High blood sugar can lead to gastroparesis, a condition where your stomach doesn’t empty properly. […] If you have gastroparesis, nerve damage from high blood sugar can cause those muscles to slow down or stop working. […] Because gastroparesis affects how fast the body absorbs food, it’s harder to know how much insulin you’ll need when you eat. […] Gastroparesis also affects how well the body absorbs food, which can lead to malnutrition if left untreated. […] Talk with your doctor if you have any of these symptoms so you can manage gastroparesis and keep it from worsening. […] There is no cure for gastroparesis. […] Managing your blood sugar levels can help to prevent or delay gastroparesis. […] If you already have gastroparesis, this can also help you manage it to avoid other serious health problems.

• #53 What to Know About Diabetic Gastroparesis – Patient Care America

  https://pcacorp.com/blog/what-to-know-about-diabetic-gastroparesis/

  Diabetes is one of the leading causes of both chronic kidney disease (CKD) and gastroparesis. […] As a result, it is not uncommon for dialysis dietitians to come across a patient with diabetic gastroparesis who has a complicated medical picture and is at high risk for malnutrition and poor glycemic control. […] People with diabetic gastroparesis often do not see an improvement in delayed gastric emptying or related symptoms even after glycemic control improves. […] In addition to the above, diabetic gastroparesis can lead to worse glycemic control due to a mismatch in post-prandial glucose absorption and insulin release. […] Combining the high rate of nutrient loss seen in dialysis with the poor nutritional intake associated with gastroparesis put patients at extremely high risk of protein-energy malnutrition.

• #54 Understanding Diabetic Gastroparesis | Saint Luke’s Health System

  https://www.saintlukeskc.org/health-library/understanding-diabetic-gastroparesis

  Your healthcare provider will create a care plan for you that may include: […] You may be prescribed medicine to help with blood sugar levels. Or you may be given medicine to treat nausea and vomiting. You may also take medicines that act on the muscles in the digestive system. Your healthcare provider may prescribe a few medicines to see which ones work best. […] Your provider may tell you to stop taking any medicines that slow digestion. […] Making changes to your eating habits can help control the problem. […] Talk with your healthcare provider or a dietitian about an eating plan that is best for you. […] For many people, gastroparesis is a lifelong condition. With diabetes, the main goal is to control your blood sugar levels. But if you don’t have a good idea of when food will be leaving your stomach to go into your bloodstream, it may be hard to know how much insulin to give yourself and when. […] Follow up with your healthcare provider as advised. You may need regular visits to manage your health.

• #55 What to Know About Diabetic Gastroparesis – Patient Care America

  https://pcacorp.com/blog/what-to-know-about-diabetic-gastroparesis/

  Diabetes is one of the leading causes of both chronic kidney disease (CKD) and gastroparesis. […] As a result, it is not uncommon for dialysis dietitians to come across a patient with diabetic gastroparesis who has a complicated medical picture and is at high risk for malnutrition and poor glycemic control. […] People with diabetic gastroparesis often do not see an improvement in delayed gastric emptying or related symptoms even after glycemic control improves. […] In addition to the above, diabetic gastroparesis can lead to worse glycemic control due to a mismatch in post-prandial glucose absorption and insulin release. […] Combining the high rate of nutrient loss seen in dialysis with the poor nutritional intake associated with gastroparesis put patients at extremely high risk of protein-energy malnutrition.

• #56 What to Know About Diabetic Gastroparesis – Patient Care America

  https://pcacorp.com/blog/what-to-know-about-diabetic-gastroparesis/

  Diabetes is one of the leading causes of both chronic kidney disease (CKD) and gastroparesis. […] As a result, it is not uncommon for dialysis dietitians to come across a patient with diabetic gastroparesis who has a complicated medical picture and is at high risk for malnutrition and poor glycemic control. […] People with diabetic gastroparesis often do not see an improvement in delayed gastric emptying or related symptoms even after glycemic control improves. […] In addition to the above, diabetic gastroparesis can lead to worse glycemic control due to a mismatch in post-prandial glucose absorption and insulin release. […] Combining the high rate of nutrient loss seen in dialysis with the poor nutritional intake associated with gastroparesis put patients at extremely high risk of protein-energy malnutrition.

• #57 What to Know About Diabetic Gastroparesis – Patient Care America

  https://pcacorp.com/blog/what-to-know-about-diabetic-gastroparesis/

  These patients are likely strong candidates for multiple forms of nutrition support which includes liquid oral nutrition supplements, which will be easier to digest than solids, and the introduction of intradialytic parenteral nutrition (IDPN) for hemodialysis or intraperitoneal nutrition (IPN) for peritoneal dialysis patients. […] Its important for dietitians to be prepared to aid these patients with symptom management and nutrition support to optimize their health and quality of life.

• #58 What to Know About Diabetic Gastroparesis – Patient Care America

  https://pcacorp.com/blog/what-to-know-about-diabetic-gastroparesis/

  These patients are likely strong candidates for multiple forms of nutrition support which includes liquid oral nutrition supplements, which will be easier to digest than solids, and the introduction of intradialytic parenteral nutrition (IDPN) for hemodialysis or intraperitoneal nutrition (IPN) for peritoneal dialysis patients. […] Its important for dietitians to be prepared to aid these patients with symptom management and nutrition support to optimize their health and quality of life.

• #59 Gastroparesis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551528/

  Antiemetics such as prochlorperazine (5 to 10 mg up to 3 times daily), diphenhydramine (12.5 to 25 mg up to 4 times daily), and ondansetron (4 or 8 mg up to 3 times daily) can provide symptomatic relief in gastroparesis. […] Gastric electrical stimulation (GES) decreases the frequency of vomiting and the need for nutrition supplementation. […] An interprofessional team approach is essential to improve the morbidity associated with gastroparesis. Nutritionists are essential to managing gastroparesis effectively.

• #60 Gastroparesis | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/22116

  Metoclopramide is the only drug approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for gastroparesis and is usually administered 15 minutes before meals. […] Gastric electrical stimulation (GES) decreases the frequency of vomiting and the need for nutrition supplementation. […] Systematic education targeting different members of the healthcare team can ensure quality care for patients with gastroparesis. […] An interprofessional team approach is essential to improve the morbidity associated with gastroparesis.

• #61 Gastroparesis Symptoms, Treatment, Causes | UCLA Medical School

  https://medschool.ucla.edu/news-article/gastroparesis-symptoms-treatment-and-causes

  Various medications can help improve stomach motility and reduce symptoms of gastroparesis. […] If we think the problem is at the pylorus (the end of the stomach), during an endoscopy, we can inject Botox into that area, says Dr. Gluckman. […] For very severe cases of gastroparesis a surgeon might implant a gastric pacemaker onto the surface of the stomach, Dr. Gluckman explains. […] To determine which treatment or treatments might work best, Dr. Gluckman believes a multi-disciplinary approach is key: An internist, a gastroenterologist, and a dietician should work together to address risk factors and optimize patient care, he insists.

• #62 Get Gastroparesis Treatment | Cleveland Clinic

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/gastroparesis-treatment

  We always try to do the least invasive treatment options first rather than moving right to talking about surgery. […] A registered dietitian works with you to adjust your diet and eating habits. Well help you maintain a healthy weight and avoid malnutrition. […] Some medications, like metoclopramide, domperidone, cisapride or erythromycin, can help your stomach work better so its contents move into your small intestine faster. […] We may inject botulinum toxin (Botox) directly into your pylorus (the valve between your stomach and small intestine). […] Gastroparesis surgery may be right for you if your symptoms dont improve after you change your diet or take medication. […] During POP, well insert an endoscope into your mouth and move it through your esophagus to your pylorus. […] Our experts are here to guide and support you through gastroparesis diagnosis and treatment every step of the way.

• #63 Gastroparesis for the nongastroenterologist | Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine

  https://www.ccjm.org/content/91/6/373

  Gastroparesis is a heterogeneous motility disorder characterized by nausea, vomiting, and postprandial fullness. Its diagnosis requires objective documentation of delayed gastric emptying of solid food and exclusion of mechanical obstruction. Management involves nutritional assessment, dietary changes, drug evaluation, glycemic control (for patients with diabetes mellitus), and symptom relief. In this review, we explore challenges nongastroenterologists may encounter and how they can use current recommendations to manage patients with gastroparesis. […] Management of gastroparesis aims to improve symptoms and gastric emptying. It includes improving nutritional status through dietary modifications, minimizing or avoiding drugs such as opioids, achieving glycemic control in patients with diabetes, treating underlying causes, and instituting pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic options when indicated.

• #64 Gastroparesis – Diagnosis & Treatment | IU Health

  https://iuhealth.org/find-medical-services/gastroparesis

  Your healthcare team includes experienced specialists in the following areas: GI motility, Minimally invasive surgery, Intestinal transplant surgery, Neurology, Medical genetics, GI radiology, GI neuromuscular pathology and nutrition. […] Treatment options for gastroparesis include: Dietary changes. Adjusting your eating habits can help you control your symptoms. […] Several medicines can improve emptying of the stomach and reduce symptoms. […] Gastric electrical stimulation is an effective therapy option used to treat gastroparesis. […] Parenteral nutrition. This treatment delivers nutrition directly into the bloodstream, bypassing your digestive tract, in cases of severe gastroparesis. […] If you have gastroparesis related to diabetes, your physician may recommend adjusting your blood sugar management.

• #65 Gastroparesis | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/22116

  Metoclopramide is the only drug approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for gastroparesis and is usually administered 15 minutes before meals. […] Gastric electrical stimulation (GES) decreases the frequency of vomiting and the need for nutrition supplementation. […] Systematic education targeting different members of the healthcare team can ensure quality care for patients with gastroparesis. […] An interprofessional team approach is essential to improve the morbidity associated with gastroparesis.

• #66 Prevention & Management Tips – About Gastroparesis

  https://aboutgastroparesis.org/living-with-gastroparesis/prevention-management-tips/

  Beyond making healthy lifestyle choices, having gastroparesis will likely push you to always be looking for what does and does not help, hurt, and work best for you. […] Taking some preventative steps can help you ease symptoms, lessen the unwanted effects on your daily life, and enhance your well-being. […] Work with a registered dietician (RD) or nutrition support specialist (nurse or doctor) to design a dietary plan to meet your individual needs; understand how to use and maintain dietary and nutritional therapies. […] Eat frequent, small meals that are low in fat and fiber. Fat, fiber, and large meals can delay stomach emptying and worsen symptoms. […] Keep hydrated and as nutritionally fit as possible. […] If you have diabetes, maintain good glucose control. Irregular stomach emptying can negatively affect blood sugar levels. Keeping your blood sugar under control may help stomach emptying. […] Seek appropriate care and take an active role in your health. Working along with your provider or health care team will help control, reduce, or prevent symptoms and complications.

• #67 Gastroparesis Self-Care: 10 Tips

  https://www.gastroconsa.com/gastroparesis-self-care-10-tips/

  Dehydration can worsen symptoms, so sip water or clear liquids throughout the day. […] High blood sugar can slow digestion further. If you have diabetes, keeping your blood sugar levels stable is critical. […] Chew your food thoroughly, avoid lying down for at least two hours after meals, and try gentle movement, like a short walk, to help your stomach process food. […] If eating solid food becomes too difficult, talk to your doctor about liquid meal replacement options. […] Stress can aggravate gastroparesis symptoms. Relaxation techniques like deep breathing, yoga, or meditation can help your digestive system function better. […] Some symptoms can point to a more serious condition. Reach out to your doctor if you experience persistent nausea or vomiting, increasing trouble eating or keeping food down, significant weight loss or dehydration, or severe abdominal pain. […] If you’ve been struggling with delayed gastric emptying and want more help with gastroparesis self-care, it’s time to partner with an experienced urologist. They can ensure your treatments are optimized for you, giving you the best chance of long-term comfort.

• #68 Gastroparesis – GI Urgent Care of Florida | Gastroenterologist in Orlando, FL

  https://www.giurgentcare.com/articles/general/955766-gastroparesis

  Your doctor might recommend you to see a registered dietician evaluate your diet and help you make changes in your eating habits. […] After eating, you have to stay upright for at least 2 hours. By sitting or standing upright, your food will be easily digested, and it keeps food or acids from going down your throat, which can exacerbate symptoms of Gastroparesis. Your doctor can prescribe Metoclopramide, Antiemetics, or Erythromycin in terms of medication. […] Another way that you can manage the symptoms of this condition includes gentle exercise like walking after you have eaten.

• #69 Understanding Diabetic Gastroparesis | Saint Luke’s Health System

  https://www.saintlukeskc.org/health-library/understanding-diabetic-gastroparesis

  Your healthcare provider will create a care plan for you that may include: […] You may be prescribed medicine to help with blood sugar levels. Or you may be given medicine to treat nausea and vomiting. You may also take medicines that act on the muscles in the digestive system. Your healthcare provider may prescribe a few medicines to see which ones work best. […] Your provider may tell you to stop taking any medicines that slow digestion. […] Making changes to your eating habits can help control the problem. […] Talk with your healthcare provider or a dietitian about an eating plan that is best for you. […] For many people, gastroparesis is a lifelong condition. With diabetes, the main goal is to control your blood sugar levels. But if you don’t have a good idea of when food will be leaving your stomach to go into your bloodstream, it may be hard to know how much insulin to give yourself and when. […] Follow up with your healthcare provider as advised. You may need regular visits to manage your health.

• #70 Gastroparesis: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.gastroparesis-care-instructions.uf7845

  Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor if you are having problems. It’s also a good idea to know your test results and keep a list of the medicines you take. […] Eat several small meals each day rather than three large meals. […] Eat foods that are low in fiber and fat. […] If your doctor suggests it, take medicines that help the stomach empty more quickly. These are called motility agents. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if you have any problems.

• #71

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=uf7845

  When you have gastroparesis, your stomach takes a lot longer to empty. This delay can cause belly pain, bloating, and belching. It also can cause hiccups, heartburn, nausea or vomiting. You may not feel like eating. These symptoms may come and go. They most often occur during and after meals. You may feel full after only a few bites of food. […] Home treatment can often help. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line (811 in most provinces and territories) if you are having problems. It’s also a good idea to know your test results and keep a list of the medicines you take. […] Eat several small meals each day rather than three large meals. […] If your doctor suggests it, take medicines that help the stomach empty more quickly. These are called motility agents. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if you have any problems.

• #72 Gastroparesis | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/gastroparesis

  There are medicines that your doctor might prescribe to help control your symptoms. Domperidone is a medicine which improves muscle contraction in the stomach, and can help food move along the gastrointestinal tract. […] If your symptoms don’t improve with dietary changes and medicines, your doctor may recommend a medical procedure or surgery. […] If you have gastroparesis, eating can be a challenge. […] Your dietician can advise you what foods to eat to minimise your symptoms while making sure that you are getting the energy and nutrients you need to stay healthy. […] Gastroparesis can cause complications including: weight loss and malnutrition, low vitamin and mineral levels, dehydration, low energy levels. […] See your doctor and dietitian regularly to help prevent or manage these complications. […] If you have diabetes, controlling your blood sugar levels can help to prevent gastroparesis from developing or getting worse.

• #73 Gastroparesis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551528/

  Gastroparesis is a condition of delayed gastric emptying, lasting at least 3 months in the absence of mechanical obstruction. […] This activity reviews the epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, evaluation, and management of gastroparesis and highlights the important role of the interprofessional healthcare team in improving outcomes for patients with this gastrointestinal disease process. […] A holistic approach is recommended when treating patients with gastroparesis. Treatment should comprise assessment of nutritional status, measures to correct fluid, electrolyte, and nutritional deficiencies, relief of symptoms of gastroparesis, improvement of gastric emptying, and treatment of the underlying cause to prevent disease progression. […] Given the importance of dietary modification, formal nutrition and dietetic consults are recommended. Small meals limit emptying time and can alleviate symptoms.

• #74 Gastroparesis for the nongastroenterologist | Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine

  https://www.ccjm.org/content/91/6/373

  Gastroparesis is a heterogeneous motility disorder characterized by nausea, vomiting, and postprandial fullness. Its diagnosis requires objective documentation of delayed gastric emptying of solid food and exclusion of mechanical obstruction. Management involves nutritional assessment, dietary changes, drug evaluation, glycemic control (for patients with diabetes mellitus), and symptom relief. In this review, we explore challenges nongastroenterologists may encounter and how they can use current recommendations to manage patients with gastroparesis. […] Management of gastroparesis aims to improve symptoms and gastric emptying. It includes improving nutritional status through dietary modifications, minimizing or avoiding drugs such as opioids, achieving glycemic control in patients with diabetes, treating underlying causes, and instituting pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic options when indicated.

• #75 Gastroparesis Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plan – NurseStudy.Net

  https://nursestudy.net/gastroparesis-nursing-diagnosis/

  Gastroparesis is a chronic digestive disorder characterized by delayed gastric emptying without mechanical obstruction. This nursing diagnosis focuses on identifying and managing gastroparesis symptoms, preventing complications, and improving the patients quality of life. […] Gastroparesis presents with distinctive signs and symptoms that nurses must recognize for proper diagnosis and treatment. […] The following outcomes indicate successful management of gastroparesis: Patient will maintain adequate nutrition and hydration, Patient will report reduced nausea and vomiting, Patient will demonstrate weight maintenance or gain, Patient will show improved blood sugar control (if diabetic), Patient will report decreased abdominal pain, Patient will follow prescribed dietary modifications, Patient will demonstrate understanding of medication regimen.

• #76 Gastroparesis | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/22116

  Gastroparesis is a condition of delayed gastric emptying in the absence of mechanical obstruction, lasting for at least 3 months. […] Treating gastroparesis is limited by medication tolerance and decreasing effectiveness; dietary modification is important. […] A holistic approach is recommended when treating patients with gastroparesis. Treatment should comprise assessment of nutritional status, measures to correct fluid, electrolyte, and nutritional deficiencies, relief of symptoms of gastroparesis, improvement of gastric emptying, and treatment of the underlying cause to prevent disease progression. […] Given the importance of dietary modification, formal nutrition and dietetic consults are recommended. Small meals limit emptying time and can alleviate symptoms. […] Antiemetics such as prochlorperazine (5 to 10 mg up to 3 times daily), diphenhydramine (12.5 to 25 mg up to 4 times daily), and ondansetron (4 or 8 mg up to 3 times daily) can provide symptomatic relief in gastroparesis.

• #77 Gastroparesis | ACG

  https://gi.org/topics/gastroparesis/

  In addition, we always want to make sure our patients are well hydrated. […] Those patients with diabetes should have good control of their sugars. […] Medicines that delay stomach emptying should be avoided if possible. […] G-POEM (gastric peroral endoscopic myotomy) is a specialized procedure done in those patients who have not responded to other therapies. It involves minimally invasive surgery of the stomach performed by endoscopy. […] There are additional experimental options that your doctor may discuss with you including surgically placing an electric stimulation device on your stomach. The electrical stimulation helps control symptoms. […] There are several newer pharmacological agents on the horizon that offer promise in treating gastroparesis.

• #78 Health-care resource use and costs associated with diabetic and idiopathic gastroparesis: A claims analysis of the first 3 years following the diagnosis of gastroparesis – Analysis Group

  https://www.analysisgroup.com/Insights/publishing/health-care-resource-use-and-costs-associated-with-diabetic-and-idiopathic-gastroparesis-a-claims-analysis-of-the-first-3-years-following-the-diagnosis-of-gastroparesis/

  Due to limited treatment options, many patients with diabetic gastroparesis (DG) or idiopathic gastroparesis (IG) experience inadequate symptom control resulting in increased health-care resource utilization (HRU) and associated costs. […] The economic burden of gastroparesis remains high several years after diagnosis, emphasizing the need for chronic treatment to effectively manage symptoms and consequently reduce the burden of this disorder.

• #79 Gastroparesis Awareness Month Highlights GI Disorder – Minority Nurse

  https://minoritynurse.com/gastroparesis-awareness-month-highlights-gi-disorder/

  Since 2016, August has marked Gastroparesis Awareness Month to raise an understanding and highlight education about this disorder. Sponsored by the International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders (IFFGD), Gastroparesis Awareness Month can help all nurses identify patients who might be misdiagnosed. […] Nurses can be watchful for digestive troubles and, says McArthur, of the some patients who could have conditions that make gastroparesis more common. […] In these patients, nurses can be particularly alert to any digestive complaints. McArthur says watching for nausea, vomiting, bloating, abdominal pain, fullness, or lack of appetite can signal follow-up testing to help with a proper diagnosis. […] Patients will also likely work with a healthcare team that might include a gastrointestinal registered dietician for the gastroparesis type diet which could be very different from the patients current diet. […] Nurses, whether GI nurses or in another specialty, can play an active role in helping patients navigate through uncomfortable and disruptive symptoms and diagnosis. Nurses can help patients with gastroparesis and/or motility conditions by showing compassion and empathy, says McArthur.

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