Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Gastroparesis: Etiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/gastroparesis-etiology-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis

  Gastroparesis is a syndrome of objectively delayed gastric emptying of solids in the absence of a mechanical obstruction and cardinal symptoms of nausea, vomiting, early satiety, belching, bloating, and/or upper abdominal pain. […] In one of the largest population-based studies that identified 3604 potential cases of gastroparesis, of whom 83 fulfilled diagnostic criteria for definite gastroparesis, the age-adjusted incidence of gastroparesis was 2.4 per 100,000 person-years for men, 9.8 per 100,000 person-years for women, and 6.3 per 100,000 person-years for the combined cohort of men and women. […] The age-adjusted prevalence of definite gastroparesis (based on symptoms and delayed gastric emptying measured by scintigraphy) was 9.6 per 100,000 persons for men and 38 per 100,000 persons for women. In an epidemiologic study from Europe, the estimated overall prevalence of gastroparesis was 13.8 per 100,000 persons with an incidence of 1.9 per 100,000 person-years. […] A systematic review of the literature concluded that the prevalence of definite gastroparesis (symptoms plus evidence of delayed gastric emptying) in the general population ranged from 13.8 to 267.7 per 100,000 adults, and the incidence ranged from 1.9 to 6.3 per 100,000 person-years. […] Across studies, gastroparesis was more common among females. Overall survival was significantly lower in patients with diabetes and in those with gastroparesis than for the age- and sex-matched general population. […] However, other estimates have been lower. In a United States cross-sectional population-based study using electronic medical records and results of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and gastric emptying tests, the prevalence of gastroparesis in type 1 and type 2 diabetics was 4.6 and 1.3 percent, respectively. Overall, there were approximately 70,000 people with gastroparesis out of the 44 million people based on the electronic medical records, and the diagnosis was confirmed by the tests in only approximately 14 percent of those with a record of gastroparesis. Overall, these data suggest a calculated prevalence of 0.16 percent.

• #2 Gastroparesis | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/22116

  Gastroparesis is a condition of delayed gastric emptying in the absence of mechanical obstruction, lasting for at least 3 months. […] The incidence of gastroparesis has been increasing over the last few decades, attributed to increases in diabetes, obesity, and causative medications. […] The epidemiology of gastroparesis is difficult to estimate due to the relatively weak correlation of symptoms with gastric emptying, resulting in a high rate of underdiagnosis. In one of the largest population-based studies, 3604 cases of possible gastroparesis were evaluated, of which 83 patients classified as definite gastroparesis and 127 patients as probable gastroparesis. A 2022 systematic review of 13 studies from 1994 to 2019 found a prevalence of gastroparesis in the general population between 13.8 to 267.7 per 100,000 adults and an incidence of 1.9 to 6.3 per 100,000 person-years. […] The incidence of gastroparesis in women is quadruple that in men and increases with increasing age in both sexes. […] The overall incidence of hospitalizations for gastroparesis increased by 300% between 1997 to 2013.

• #3 Worldwide prevalence and burden of gastroparesis‐like symptoms as defined by the United European Gastroenterology (UEG) and European Society for Neurogastroenterology and Motility (ESNM) consensus on gastroparesis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9557951/

  The global epidemiology of gastroparesis is unknown. […] The epidemiology of gastroparesis is largely unknown and has only been addressed to some extent in studies from the US and the UK. […] A recent study shows the prevalence of gastroparesis is 267.7 per 100,000 adults in the US. However, a population-based estimate suggests that up to 1.8% of the population is affected. […] The overall global prevalence of gastroparesis-like symptoms (GPLS) was 0.9% and 1.3% among diabetic individuals. […] The prevalence rates of GPLS among the surveyed countries ranged from 0.2% in Japan to 1.7% in the United States. […] The overall prevalence of GPLS was 0.9%, with a significantly higher prevalence among women compared to men. […] The highest prevalence was seen in the United States (1.4%) and the lowest prevalence was found in Japan (0.3%) and Singapore (0.3%).

• #4 Epidemiology and Diagnosis of Gastroparesis in the United States

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6903337/

  We aimed to establish the epidemiological characteristics and documentation of diagnostic workup for gastroparesis (GP). […] No study has used a national database to evaluate the prevalence, demographics, and associated comorbid conditions of GP, and document rates of proper diagnosis. […] A total of 43,827,910 medical records were surveyed (1999 to 2014), of which 69,950 had a diagnosis of GP, yielding an overall prevalence of 0.16%. […] Our estimated rates of prevalence of GP in T1DM and T2DM indicate that GP is not a common clinical complication in these populations. […] Majority of EMRs that indicated a diagnosis of GP did not include any documentation of definitive diagnostic testing (EGD and/or GES). […] The true prevalence of GP is unknown. […] Our epidemiological population-based study is the largest documented report of the prevalence of GP in current literature, not limited to one tertiary care center, nor a single community, but representative of the general population in the United States.

• #5 Epidemiology and Natural History of Gastroparesis | Abdominal Key

  https://abdominalkey.com/epidemiology-and-natural-history-of-gastroparesis-2/

  Gastroparesis is characterized by delayed gastric emptying and symptoms thereof in the absence of gastric outlet obstruction. […] Most studies on the epidemiology of gastroparesis have been conducted in selected case series rather than in the population at large. […] In the only community-based study, the age-adjusted prevalence of idiopathic gastroparesis per 100,000 persons was higher in women (37.8; 95% CI, 23.3-52.4) than men (9.6; 95% CI, 1.8-17.4). […] In the only community-based study of gastroparesis in diabetes mellitus (DM), the average cumulative incidence of symptoms and delayed gastric emptying over 10 years was higher in type 1 DM (5%) than in type 2 DM (1%) and controls (1%). […] In the United States, the incidence of hospitalizations related to gastroparesis increased substantially between 1995 and 2004, and particularly after 2000.

• #6 Gastroparesis: guidelines for effective management – MedCrave online

  https://medcraveonline.com/GHOA/gastroparesis-guidelines-for-effective-management.html

  This article presents a narrative literature review on gastroparesis, exposing epidemiological data, risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical signs, symptoms, diagnosis, prognosis, as well as providing guidelines for the effective management of this disorder. […] The epidemiology of gastroparesis is uncertain and difficult to estimate due to the relatively weak correlation of symptoms with gastric emptying, resulting in a high rate of underdiagnosis. […] An important etiology of gastroparesis is diabetes mellitus; in a series tertiary reference, diabetes mellitus was responsible for almost 1/3 of all cases of gastroparesis. […] Therefore, documentation of delayed gastric emptying by gastric scintigraphy or breathing test to distinguish between gastroparesis and functional dyspepsia. […] A population-based study in Minnesota estimated that the incidence age-adjusted gastroparesis over a ten-year period was 2.4 cases per 100,000 person-years for men and 9.8 cases per 100,000 person-years for women; the prevalence was estimated at 9.6 cases per 100,000 individuals for men and 37.8 cases per 100,000 individuals in the case of women.

• #7 A New Paradigm Shift in Gastroparesis Management

  https://www.gutnliver.org/journal/view.html?volume=16&number=6&spage=825

  The true prevalence of gastroparesis is difficult to be accurately assessed. It is estimated that only one-ninth of the patients with high likelihood of having gastroparesis was actually worked up for and diagnosed. One of the key challenges is the lack of well-designed epidemiologic study using both verified gastroparetic symptoms and validated gastric emptying scintigraphy as diagnostic criterion. Few existing data reported a prevalence of 10 to 38 per 100,000 population with predominance in female and type I diabetic patients. […] Among patients with diabetes, gastroparesis is far more prevalent in diabetes type 1 (30% to 50%) with a cumulative risk of 5.2%, compared to diabetes type 2 (15% to 30%) with a lower cumulative risk of 1.1%. As for gender inequity, women are at a 4-fold increased risk to developed gastroparesis with an incidence of 9.8 per 100,000 person years partly can be explained by cyclic rises of progesterone, a key relaxant of gastric smooth muscle which induces overall gut hypomotility. Advanced age has also been shown to increase risk of gastroparesis with an incidence of 10.5 per 100,000 person years in patients older than 60 years old. […] Regardless, the hospitalization rate of gastroparesis has amplified 158% from 1994 to 2005 with an astounding 3.5 billion US dollar healthcare expenditure in the United States, putting in a perspective on the significant increase in medical and economical from this debilitating disease.

• #8 A global bibliometric and visualized analysis of the status and trends of gastroparesis research | European Journal of Medical Research | Full Text

  https://eurjmedres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40001-023-01537-1

  Gastroparesis has a substantial impact on the quality of life but has limited treatment options, which makes it a public health concern. […] Epidemiological surveys have shown that the prevalence rate is 13.8 per 100,000 people in the UK and 24.2 per 100,000 people in the US. […] Nevertheless, in clinical practice, the accurate prevalence of gastroparesis is difficult to determine: only one in nine patients with high-probability gastroparesis receives an accurate diagnosis. […] The Rome Foundation Global Epidemiology Study (RFGES) is a large clinical study involving 33 countries and 73,076 subjects, with research findings published in Gastroenterology in 2021. It assessed the prevalence and burden of functional gastrointestinal disorders by providing the Rome IV Diagnostic Questionnaire and an 80-item supplemental questionnaire.

• #9 Gastroparesis: Etiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/gastroparesis-etiology-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis

  Gastroparesis is a syndrome of objectively delayed gastric emptying of solids in the absence of a mechanical obstruction and cardinal symptoms of nausea, vomiting, early satiety, belching, bloating, and/or upper abdominal pain. […] In one of the largest population-based studies that identified 3604 potential cases of gastroparesis, of whom 83 fulfilled diagnostic criteria for definite gastroparesis, the age-adjusted incidence of gastroparesis was 2.4 per 100,000 person-years for men, 9.8 per 100,000 person-years for women, and 6.3 per 100,000 person-years for the combined cohort of men and women. […] The age-adjusted prevalence of definite gastroparesis (based on symptoms and delayed gastric emptying measured by scintigraphy) was 9.6 per 100,000 persons for men and 38 per 100,000 persons for women. In an epidemiologic study from Europe, the estimated overall prevalence of gastroparesis was 13.8 per 100,000 persons with an incidence of 1.9 per 100,000 person-years. […] A systematic review of the literature concluded that the prevalence of definite gastroparesis (symptoms plus evidence of delayed gastric emptying) in the general population ranged from 13.8 to 267.7 per 100,000 adults, and the incidence ranged from 1.9 to 6.3 per 100,000 person-years. […] Across studies, gastroparesis was more common among females. Overall survival was significantly lower in patients with diabetes and in those with gastroparesis than for the age- and sex-matched general population. […] However, other estimates have been lower. In a United States cross-sectional population-based study using electronic medical records and results of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and gastric emptying tests, the prevalence of gastroparesis in type 1 and type 2 diabetics was 4.6 and 1.3 percent, respectively. Overall, there were approximately 70,000 people with gastroparesis out of the 44 million people based on the electronic medical records, and the diagnosis was confirmed by the tests in only approximately 14 percent of those with a record of gastroparesis. Overall, these data suggest a calculated prevalence of 0.16 percent.

• #10 Top 10 Facts You Need to Know about Gastroparesis | Published in Journal of the Mississippi State Medical Association

  https://jmsma.scholasticahq.com/article/38147

  Gastroparesis is defined as a symptomatic disorder of the stomach characterized by delayed gastric emptying and an absence of mechanical obstruction. The prevalence of people diagnosed with this disorder is estimated to be around 25 per 100,000 people. However, many more people in the population have undiagnosed gastroparesis and are unaware of the signs and symptoms of this disorder. […] A recent large population-based study was completed on gastroparesis, and the age-adjusted incidence for definite gastroparesis in men was 2.4 per 100,000 person-years while it was 9.8 per 100,000 person-years in women. Additionally, the prevalence of definitive gastroparesis was found to be 9.6 per 100,000 person-years in men and 38 per 100,000 person-years in women. […] The incidence, prevalence, and outcomes of patients with gastroparesis, as documented in general practice records, in the United Kingdom.

• #11 Gastroparesis: Etiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/gastroparesis-etiology-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis

  Gastroparesis is a syndrome of objectively delayed gastric emptying of solids in the absence of a mechanical obstruction and cardinal symptoms of nausea, vomiting, early satiety, belching, bloating, and/or upper abdominal pain. […] In one of the largest population-based studies that identified 3604 potential cases of gastroparesis, of whom 83 fulfilled diagnostic criteria for definite gastroparesis, the age-adjusted incidence of gastroparesis was 2.4 per 100,000 person-years for men, 9.8 per 100,000 person-years for women, and 6.3 per 100,000 person-years for the combined cohort of men and women. […] The age-adjusted prevalence of definite gastroparesis (based on symptoms and delayed gastric emptying measured by scintigraphy) was 9.6 per 100,000 persons for men and 38 per 100,000 persons for women. In an epidemiologic study from Europe, the estimated overall prevalence of gastroparesis was 13.8 per 100,000 persons with an incidence of 1.9 per 100,000 person-years. […] A systematic review of the literature concluded that the prevalence of definite gastroparesis (symptoms plus evidence of delayed gastric emptying) in the general population ranged from 13.8 to 267.7 per 100,000 adults, and the incidence ranged from 1.9 to 6.3 per 100,000 person-years. […] Across studies, gastroparesis was more common among females. Overall survival was significantly lower in patients with diabetes and in those with gastroparesis than for the age- and sex-matched general population. […] However, other estimates have been lower. In a United States cross-sectional population-based study using electronic medical records and results of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and gastric emptying tests, the prevalence of gastroparesis in type 1 and type 2 diabetics was 4.6 and 1.3 percent, respectively. Overall, there were approximately 70,000 people with gastroparesis out of the 44 million people based on the electronic medical records, and the diagnosis was confirmed by the tests in only approximately 14 percent of those with a record of gastroparesis. Overall, these data suggest a calculated prevalence of 0.16 percent.

• #12 Epidemiology and Natural History of Gastroparesis | Abdominal Key

  https://abdominalkey.com/epidemiology-and-natural-history-of-gastroparesis-2/

  Gastroparesis is characterized by delayed gastric emptying and symptoms thereof in the absence of gastric outlet obstruction. […] Most studies on the epidemiology of gastroparesis have been conducted in selected case series rather than in the population at large. […] In the only community-based study, the age-adjusted prevalence of idiopathic gastroparesis per 100,000 persons was higher in women (37.8; 95% CI, 23.3-52.4) than men (9.6; 95% CI, 1.8-17.4). […] In the only community-based study of gastroparesis in diabetes mellitus (DM), the average cumulative incidence of symptoms and delayed gastric emptying over 10 years was higher in type 1 DM (5%) than in type 2 DM (1%) and controls (1%). […] In the United States, the incidence of hospitalizations related to gastroparesis increased substantially between 1995 and 2004, and particularly after 2000.

• #13 Gastroparesis epidemiology and demographics – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Gastroparesis_epidemiology_and_demographics

  The age adjusted worldwide incidence of gastroparesis was approximately 2.8 for men and 9.8 for women per 100,000 person-years for year 1996-2006. The incidence of gastroparesis increases with age; with peak incidence of 10.5 per 100,000 for age greater than 60 years. The female to male ratio is approximately 4 to 1. […] The age-adjusted prevalence of gastroparesis is approximately 9.6 for men and 37.8 for women per 100,000 persons. Most recent studies have estimated prevalence of gastroparesis approaching nearly 2% of general population. […] The mortality rate of gastroparesis is approximately 4-38% over 2 years follow up time. […] Patients of all age groups may develop gastroparesis. […] Females are more commonly affected by gastroparesis than males.

• #14 Gastroparesis: Etiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/gastroparesis-etiology-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis

  Gastroparesis is a syndrome of objectively delayed gastric emptying of solids in the absence of a mechanical obstruction and cardinal symptoms of nausea, vomiting, early satiety, belching, bloating, and/or upper abdominal pain. […] In one of the largest population-based studies that identified 3604 potential cases of gastroparesis, of whom 83 fulfilled diagnostic criteria for definite gastroparesis, the age-adjusted incidence of gastroparesis was 2.4 per 100,000 person-years for men, 9.8 per 100,000 person-years for women, and 6.3 per 100,000 person-years for the combined cohort of men and women. […] The age-adjusted prevalence of definite gastroparesis (based on symptoms and delayed gastric emptying measured by scintigraphy) was 9.6 per 100,000 persons for men and 38 per 100,000 persons for women. In an epidemiologic study from Europe, the estimated overall prevalence of gastroparesis was 13.8 per 100,000 persons with an incidence of 1.9 per 100,000 person-years. […] A systematic review of the literature concluded that the prevalence of definite gastroparesis (symptoms plus evidence of delayed gastric emptying) in the general population ranged from 13.8 to 267.7 per 100,000 adults, and the incidence ranged from 1.9 to 6.3 per 100,000 person-years. […] Across studies, gastroparesis was more common among females. Overall survival was significantly lower in patients with diabetes and in those with gastroparesis than for the age- and sex-matched general population. […] However, other estimates have been lower. In a United States cross-sectional population-based study using electronic medical records and results of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and gastric emptying tests, the prevalence of gastroparesis in type 1 and type 2 diabetics was 4.6 and 1.3 percent, respectively. Overall, there were approximately 70,000 people with gastroparesis out of the 44 million people based on the electronic medical records, and the diagnosis was confirmed by the tests in only approximately 14 percent of those with a record of gastroparesis. Overall, these data suggest a calculated prevalence of 0.16 percent.

• #15 Epidemiology and outcomes of gastroparesis, as documented in general practice records, in the United Kingdom | Gut

  https://gut.bmj.com/content/70/4/644

  Objective To generate real-world evidence for the epidemiology of gastroparesis in the UK, we evaluated the prevalence, incidence, patient characteristics and outcomes of gastroparesis in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) database. […] Standardised prevalence of gastroparesis, as documented in general practice records, was 13.8 (95% CI 12.6 to 15.1) per 100000 persons in 2016, and standardised incidence of gastroparesis rose from 1.5 (95% CI 1.1 to 1.8) per 100000 person-years in 2004 to 1.9 (95% CI 1.4 to 2.3) per 100000 person-years in 2016. […] This is, to our knowledge, the first population-based study providing data on epidemiology and outcomes of gastroparesis in Europe. […] Our findings suggest a degree of uncertainty regarding best practice or therapeutic options for patients with gastroparesis among healthcare professionals in the UK.

• #16 Gastroparesis: Etiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/gastroparesis-etiology-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis

  Gastroparesis is a syndrome of objectively delayed gastric emptying of solids in the absence of a mechanical obstruction and cardinal symptoms of nausea, vomiting, early satiety, belching, bloating, and/or upper abdominal pain. […] In one of the largest population-based studies that identified 3604 potential cases of gastroparesis, of whom 83 fulfilled diagnostic criteria for definite gastroparesis, the age-adjusted incidence of gastroparesis was 2.4 per 100,000 person-years for men, 9.8 per 100,000 person-years for women, and 6.3 per 100,000 person-years for the combined cohort of men and women. […] The age-adjusted prevalence of definite gastroparesis (based on symptoms and delayed gastric emptying measured by scintigraphy) was 9.6 per 100,000 persons for men and 38 per 100,000 persons for women. In an epidemiologic study from Europe, the estimated overall prevalence of gastroparesis was 13.8 per 100,000 persons with an incidence of 1.9 per 100,000 person-years. […] A systematic review of the literature concluded that the prevalence of definite gastroparesis (symptoms plus evidence of delayed gastric emptying) in the general population ranged from 13.8 to 267.7 per 100,000 adults, and the incidence ranged from 1.9 to 6.3 per 100,000 person-years. […] Across studies, gastroparesis was more common among females. Overall survival was significantly lower in patients with diabetes and in those with gastroparesis than for the age- and sex-matched general population. […] However, other estimates have been lower. In a United States cross-sectional population-based study using electronic medical records and results of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and gastric emptying tests, the prevalence of gastroparesis in type 1 and type 2 diabetics was 4.6 and 1.3 percent, respectively. Overall, there were approximately 70,000 people with gastroparesis out of the 44 million people based on the electronic medical records, and the diagnosis was confirmed by the tests in only approximately 14 percent of those with a record of gastroparesis. Overall, these data suggest a calculated prevalence of 0.16 percent.

• #17 Gastroparesis for the nongastroenterologist | Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine

  https://www.ccjm.org/content/91/6/373

  Gastroparesis is a heterogeneous motility disorder characterized by nausea, vomiting, and postprandial fullness. Its epidemiology is unclear, and the main causes are diabetes mellitus and idiopathic disease. […] A 2023 systematic review reported that the overall standardized prevalence of gastroparesis ranged widely (from 13.8 to 267.7 per 100,000 adults) in studies from 1994 to 2019. […] Community-based studies with a strict case definition (objective evidence of delayed gastric emptying, typical symptoms, and absence of mechanical obstruction) appear to offer a more accurate estimate. […] The difference in prevalence in different studies and countries can be attributed to several factors. First, epidemiologic studies classify gastroparesis inconsistently: some rely solely on diagnosis codes while others consider specific diagnostic criteria.

• #18 Gastroparesis – Endocrinology Advisor

  https://www.endocrinologyadvisor.com/ddi/gastroparesis/

  Gastroparesis is a fairly common condition. According to an analysis of a large national health insurance claims database, the standardized prevalence of gastroparesis in the United States is approximately 267 cases per 100,000 persons. However, a subgroup analysis of patients with confirmed gastroparesis (those who had symptoms for more than 3 months and who had gastric emptying scintigraphy testing) calculated a much lower prevalence of 21.5 cases per 100,000 persons. Gastroparesis is most common in individuals age 58 to 64 years and least common in those age 18 to 27 years. […] Compared with men, women are much more likely (2-fold to 4-fold) to develop gastroparesis. The reasons for this difference have not yet been determined. Hypotheses include hormonal differences, altered serotonergic signaling, and intrinsically slower gastric emptying in women compared with men.

• #19 Epidemiology, etiology, and treatment of gastroparesis: Real-world evidence from a large US… : Falk Foundation

  https://falkfoundation.org/en/fgr/detail/epidemiology-etiology-and-treatment-of-gastroparesis-real-world-evidence-from-a-large-us-national-claims-database/?bte=1&cHash=fb140ebce2e324d00f97c2fc144c010d

  Although gastroparesis carries a considerable health care and patient burden, associated epidemiological data are limited. […] The overall standardized prevalence of gastroparesis was 267.7 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 264.8270.7) per 100,000 US adults, whereas prevalence of definite gastroparesis (individuals diagnosed within 3 months of gastric emptying scintigraphy testing with persistent symptoms for more than 3 months) was 21.5 (95% CI: 20.622.4) per 100,000 persons. […] New evidence is provided regarding the prevalence, patient demographics, and etiology of gastroparesis in the US general population. Wider availability of reliable objective gastric emptying measures and further education of medical professionals in recognizing and diagnosing gastroparesis would benefit future studies and improve understanding of disease epidemiology.

• #20 Gastroparesis – Endocrinology Advisor

  https://www.endocrinologyadvisor.com/ddi/gastroparesis/

  Gastroparesis is a fairly common condition. According to an analysis of a large national health insurance claims database, the standardized prevalence of gastroparesis in the United States is approximately 267 cases per 100,000 persons. However, a subgroup analysis of patients with confirmed gastroparesis (those who had symptoms for more than 3 months and who had gastric emptying scintigraphy testing) calculated a much lower prevalence of 21.5 cases per 100,000 persons. Gastroparesis is most common in individuals age 58 to 64 years and least common in those age 18 to 27 years. […] Compared with men, women are much more likely (2-fold to 4-fold) to develop gastroparesis. The reasons for this difference have not yet been determined. Hypotheses include hormonal differences, altered serotonergic signaling, and intrinsically slower gastric emptying in women compared with men.

• #21 Epidemiology, etiology, and treatment of gastroparesis: Real-world evidence from a large US… : Falk Foundation

  https://falkfoundation.org/en/fgr/detail/epidemiology-etiology-and-treatment-of-gastroparesis-real-world-evidence-from-a-large-us-national-claims-database/?bte=1&cHash=fb140ebce2e324d00f97c2fc144c010d

  Although gastroparesis carries a considerable health care and patient burden, associated epidemiological data are limited. […] The overall standardized prevalence of gastroparesis was 267.7 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 264.8270.7) per 100,000 US adults, whereas prevalence of definite gastroparesis (individuals diagnosed within 3 months of gastric emptying scintigraphy testing with persistent symptoms for more than 3 months) was 21.5 (95% CI: 20.622.4) per 100,000 persons. […] New evidence is provided regarding the prevalence, patient demographics, and etiology of gastroparesis in the US general population. Wider availability of reliable objective gastric emptying measures and further education of medical professionals in recognizing and diagnosing gastroparesis would benefit future studies and improve understanding of disease epidemiology.

• #22 Gastroparesis: Etiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/gastroparesis-etiology-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis

  Gastroparesis is a syndrome of objectively delayed gastric emptying of solids in the absence of a mechanical obstruction and cardinal symptoms of nausea, vomiting, early satiety, belching, bloating, and/or upper abdominal pain. […] In one of the largest population-based studies that identified 3604 potential cases of gastroparesis, of whom 83 fulfilled diagnostic criteria for definite gastroparesis, the age-adjusted incidence of gastroparesis was 2.4 per 100,000 person-years for men, 9.8 per 100,000 person-years for women, and 6.3 per 100,000 person-years for the combined cohort of men and women. […] The age-adjusted prevalence of definite gastroparesis (based on symptoms and delayed gastric emptying measured by scintigraphy) was 9.6 per 100,000 persons for men and 38 per 100,000 persons for women. In an epidemiologic study from Europe, the estimated overall prevalence of gastroparesis was 13.8 per 100,000 persons with an incidence of 1.9 per 100,000 person-years. […] A systematic review of the literature concluded that the prevalence of definite gastroparesis (symptoms plus evidence of delayed gastric emptying) in the general population ranged from 13.8 to 267.7 per 100,000 adults, and the incidence ranged from 1.9 to 6.3 per 100,000 person-years. […] Across studies, gastroparesis was more common among females. Overall survival was significantly lower in patients with diabetes and in those with gastroparesis than for the age- and sex-matched general population. […] However, other estimates have been lower. In a United States cross-sectional population-based study using electronic medical records and results of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and gastric emptying tests, the prevalence of gastroparesis in type 1 and type 2 diabetics was 4.6 and 1.3 percent, respectively. Overall, there were approximately 70,000 people with gastroparesis out of the 44 million people based on the electronic medical records, and the diagnosis was confirmed by the tests in only approximately 14 percent of those with a record of gastroparesis. Overall, these data suggest a calculated prevalence of 0.16 percent.

• #23 Epidemiology and Diagnosis of Gastroparesis in the United States

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6903337/

  We aimed to establish the epidemiological characteristics and documentation of diagnostic workup for gastroparesis (GP). […] No study has used a national database to evaluate the prevalence, demographics, and associated comorbid conditions of GP, and document rates of proper diagnosis. […] A total of 43,827,910 medical records were surveyed (1999 to 2014), of which 69,950 had a diagnosis of GP, yielding an overall prevalence of 0.16%. […] Our estimated rates of prevalence of GP in T1DM and T2DM indicate that GP is not a common clinical complication in these populations. […] Majority of EMRs that indicated a diagnosis of GP did not include any documentation of definitive diagnostic testing (EGD and/or GES). […] The true prevalence of GP is unknown. […] Our epidemiological population-based study is the largest documented report of the prevalence of GP in current literature, not limited to one tertiary care center, nor a single community, but representative of the general population in the United States.

• #24

  https://journals.lww.com/jcge/fulltext/2020/01000/epidemiology_and_diagnosis_of_gastroparesis_in_the.9.aspx

  We aimed to establish the epidemiological characteristics and documentation of diagnostic workup for gastroparesis (GP). […] No study has used a national database to evaluate the prevalence, demographics, and associated comorbid conditions of GP, and document rates of proper diagnosis. […] A total of 43,827,910 medical records were surveyed (1999 to 2014), of which 69,950 had a diagnosis of GP, yielding an overall prevalence of 0.16%. […] Our estimated rates of prevalence of GP in T1DM and T2DM indicate that GP is not a common clinical complication in these populations. Majority of EMRs that indicated a diagnosis of GP did not include any documentation of definitive diagnostic testing (EGD and/or GES). […] The reported prevalence of GP in the general population is quite variable, especially among presumed high-risk groups, including postoperative gastric surgery individuals and those with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T1DM and T2DM).

• #25 Worldwide prevalence and burden of gastroparesis‐like symptoms as defined by the United European Gastroenterology (UEG) and European Society for Neurogastroenterology and Motility (ESNM) consensus on gastroparesis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9557951/

  The global epidemiology of gastroparesis is unknown. […] The epidemiology of gastroparesis is largely unknown and has only been addressed to some extent in studies from the US and the UK. […] A recent study shows the prevalence of gastroparesis is 267.7 per 100,000 adults in the US. However, a population-based estimate suggests that up to 1.8% of the population is affected. […] The overall global prevalence of gastroparesis-like symptoms (GPLS) was 0.9% and 1.3% among diabetic individuals. […] The prevalence rates of GPLS among the surveyed countries ranged from 0.2% in Japan to 1.7% in the United States. […] The overall prevalence of GPLS was 0.9%, with a significantly higher prevalence among women compared to men. […] The highest prevalence was seen in the United States (1.4%) and the lowest prevalence was found in Japan (0.3%) and Singapore (0.3%).

• #26 Worldwide prevalence and burden of gastroparesis‐like symptoms as defined by the United European Gastroenterology (UEG) and European Society for Neurogastroenterology and Motility (ESNM) consensus on gastroparesis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9557951/

  The global epidemiology of gastroparesis is unknown. […] The epidemiology of gastroparesis is largely unknown and has only been addressed to some extent in studies from the US and the UK. […] A recent study shows the prevalence of gastroparesis is 267.7 per 100,000 adults in the US. However, a population-based estimate suggests that up to 1.8% of the population is affected. […] The overall global prevalence of gastroparesis-like symptoms (GPLS) was 0.9% and 1.3% among diabetic individuals. […] The prevalence rates of GPLS among the surveyed countries ranged from 0.2% in Japan to 1.7% in the United States. […] The overall prevalence of GPLS was 0.9%, with a significantly higher prevalence among women compared to men. […] The highest prevalence was seen in the United States (1.4%) and the lowest prevalence was found in Japan (0.3%) and Singapore (0.3%).

• #27 Worldwide prevalence and burden of gastroparesis‐like symptoms as defined by the United European Gastroenterology (UEG) and European Society for Neurogastroenterology and Motility (ESNM) consensus on gastroparesis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9557951/

  Among individuals with diabetes mellitus the overall prevalence was 1.3%, ranging broadly from 0.0% to 4.5%. […] The prevalence of GPLS in diabetes showed considerable variation between countries. […] The presence of GPLS is associated with multiple aspects of illness and an increased healthcare consumption.

• #28 Epidemiology and outcomes of gastroparesis, as documented in general practice records, in the United Kingdom | Gut

  https://gut.bmj.com/content/70/4/644

  Objective To generate real-world evidence for the epidemiology of gastroparesis in the UK, we evaluated the prevalence, incidence, patient characteristics and outcomes of gastroparesis in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) database. […] Standardised prevalence of gastroparesis, as documented in general practice records, was 13.8 (95% CI 12.6 to 15.1) per 100000 persons in 2016, and standardised incidence of gastroparesis rose from 1.5 (95% CI 1.1 to 1.8) per 100000 person-years in 2004 to 1.9 (95% CI 1.4 to 2.3) per 100000 person-years in 2016. […] This is, to our knowledge, the first population-based study providing data on epidemiology and outcomes of gastroparesis in Europe. […] Our findings suggest a degree of uncertainty regarding best practice or therapeutic options for patients with gastroparesis among healthcare professionals in the UK.

• #29 Epidemiology of Gastroparesis in the UK

  https://www.medscape.co.uk/viewarticle/epidemiology-gastroparesis-uk-2020a1000z4c

  A population-based study highlights the epidemiology and outcomes of gastroparesis in the UK. […] A retrospective, cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence, incidence, demographics, aetiologies, pharmacological therapies and mortality associated with gastroparesis in the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink population. […] In 2016, the overall prevalence of gastroparesis in the UK was 13.8 per 100,000 persons, and the standardised incidence rate was 1.9 per 100 000 person-years. […] The prevalence of paediatric gastroparesis was 3.6 per 100,000 persons. […] Prevalence in women was almost twice that in men (20.4 per 100,000 persons vs 10.3 per 100,000 persons). […] Scotland had the highest regional prevalence in the UK at 31.7 per 100,000 persons. […] According to the authors, this is the first population-based study to showcase the epidemiology of gastroparesis in a European nation.

• #30 Epidemiology and outcomes of gastroparesis, as documented in general practice records, in the United Kingdom | Gut

  https://gut.bmj.com/content/70/4/644

  Our subgroup analysis showed statistically significant variability among countries and regions of the UK. Scotland had the highest prevalence of all areas studied at 31.7 per 100 000 persons, almost four times the lowest recorded prevalence, which was seen in London. […] To our knowledge, this is the first population-based epidemiological study to investigate the prevalence and incidence of gastroparesis in Europe.

• #31 Epidemiology of Gastroparesis in the UK

  https://www.medscape.co.uk/viewarticle/epidemiology-gastroparesis-uk-2020a1000z4c

  A population-based study highlights the epidemiology and outcomes of gastroparesis in the UK. […] A retrospective, cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence, incidence, demographics, aetiologies, pharmacological therapies and mortality associated with gastroparesis in the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink population. […] In 2016, the overall prevalence of gastroparesis in the UK was 13.8 per 100,000 persons, and the standardised incidence rate was 1.9 per 100 000 person-years. […] The prevalence of paediatric gastroparesis was 3.6 per 100,000 persons. […] Prevalence in women was almost twice that in men (20.4 per 100,000 persons vs 10.3 per 100,000 persons). […] Scotland had the highest regional prevalence in the UK at 31.7 per 100,000 persons. […] According to the authors, this is the first population-based study to showcase the epidemiology of gastroparesis in a European nation.

• #32 Epidemiology and Diagnosis of Gastroparesis in the United States

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6903337/

  Our study found a predominance of GP in the female population, 1.5 higher than in males, across all populations and ages. […] The demographics of our study allowed to contrast rates across the major ethnic groups in the United States. […] Determination of the prevalence rate of any disease is contingent on precise identification of the disease using the appropriate diagnostic tools. […] We found remarkably low rates of diagnostic testing, especially in those patients considered to have IGP but also very low for patients with either T1DM or T2DM. […] In summary, we found that GP is less common than reported previously in some studies, but is in agreement with other smaller community-based studies.

• #33 Gastroparesis epidemiology and demographics – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Gastroparesis_epidemiology_and_demographics

  The age adjusted worldwide incidence of gastroparesis was approximately 2.8 for men and 9.8 for women per 100,000 person-years for year 1996-2006. The incidence of gastroparesis increases with age; with peak incidence of 10.5 per 100,000 for age greater than 60 years. The female to male ratio is approximately 4 to 1. […] The age-adjusted prevalence of gastroparesis is approximately 9.6 for men and 37.8 for women per 100,000 persons. Most recent studies have estimated prevalence of gastroparesis approaching nearly 2% of general population. […] The mortality rate of gastroparesis is approximately 4-38% over 2 years follow up time. […] Patients of all age groups may develop gastroparesis. […] Females are more commonly affected by gastroparesis than males.

• #34 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Gastroparesis-Epidemiology.aspx

  Gastroparesis is characterized by delayed gastric emptying with no mechanical obstruction of the stomach. The number of gastroparesis-related hospitalizations has been increasing in the United States. This is mainly due to the rise of diabetes numbers. The prevalence of gastroparesis is difficult to estimate thus due to relatively poor correlation of symptoms with gastric emptying. Studies have shown that females are more likely to get gastroparesis than males. The incidence and prevalence of gastroparesis in women was four times higher than in men. There have been studies that reveal that incidence of definite gastroparesis ranged from 6.3 to 17.2 cases per 100,000 person-years. […] These figures reveal that gastroparesis may be a severe condition if left untreated or unattended.

• #35 Gastroparesis – Endocrinology Advisor

  https://www.endocrinologyadvisor.com/ddi/gastroparesis/

  Gastroparesis is a fairly common condition. According to an analysis of a large national health insurance claims database, the standardized prevalence of gastroparesis in the United States is approximately 267 cases per 100,000 persons. However, a subgroup analysis of patients with confirmed gastroparesis (those who had symptoms for more than 3 months and who had gastric emptying scintigraphy testing) calculated a much lower prevalence of 21.5 cases per 100,000 persons. Gastroparesis is most common in individuals age 58 to 64 years and least common in those age 18 to 27 years. […] Compared with men, women are much more likely (2-fold to 4-fold) to develop gastroparesis. The reasons for this difference have not yet been determined. Hypotheses include hormonal differences, altered serotonergic signaling, and intrinsically slower gastric emptying in women compared with men.

• #36 Gastroparesis epidemiology and demographics – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Gastroparesis_epidemiology_and_demographics

  The age adjusted worldwide incidence of gastroparesis was approximately 2.8 for men and 9.8 for women per 100,000 person-years for year 1996-2006. The incidence of gastroparesis increases with age; with peak incidence of 10.5 per 100,000 for age greater than 60 years. The female to male ratio is approximately 4 to 1. […] The age-adjusted prevalence of gastroparesis is approximately 9.6 for men and 37.8 for women per 100,000 persons. Most recent studies have estimated prevalence of gastroparesis approaching nearly 2% of general population. […] The mortality rate of gastroparesis is approximately 4-38% over 2 years follow up time. […] Patients of all age groups may develop gastroparesis. […] Females are more commonly affected by gastroparesis than males.

• #37 A New Paradigm Shift in Gastroparesis Management

  https://www.gutnliver.org/journal/view.html?volume=16&number=6&spage=825

  The true prevalence of gastroparesis is difficult to be accurately assessed. It is estimated that only one-ninth of the patients with high likelihood of having gastroparesis was actually worked up for and diagnosed. One of the key challenges is the lack of well-designed epidemiologic study using both verified gastroparetic symptoms and validated gastric emptying scintigraphy as diagnostic criterion. Few existing data reported a prevalence of 10 to 38 per 100,000 population with predominance in female and type I diabetic patients. […] Among patients with diabetes, gastroparesis is far more prevalent in diabetes type 1 (30% to 50%) with a cumulative risk of 5.2%, compared to diabetes type 2 (15% to 30%) with a lower cumulative risk of 1.1%. As for gender inequity, women are at a 4-fold increased risk to developed gastroparesis with an incidence of 9.8 per 100,000 person years partly can be explained by cyclic rises of progesterone, a key relaxant of gastric smooth muscle which induces overall gut hypomotility. Advanced age has also been shown to increase risk of gastroparesis with an incidence of 10.5 per 100,000 person years in patients older than 60 years old. […] Regardless, the hospitalization rate of gastroparesis has amplified 158% from 1994 to 2005 with an astounding 3.5 billion US dollar healthcare expenditure in the United States, putting in a perspective on the significant increase in medical and economical from this debilitating disease.

• #38 Gastroparesis – Endocrinology Advisor

  https://www.endocrinologyadvisor.com/ddi/gastroparesis/

  Gastroparesis is a fairly common condition. According to an analysis of a large national health insurance claims database, the standardized prevalence of gastroparesis in the United States is approximately 267 cases per 100,000 persons. However, a subgroup analysis of patients with confirmed gastroparesis (those who had symptoms for more than 3 months and who had gastric emptying scintigraphy testing) calculated a much lower prevalence of 21.5 cases per 100,000 persons. Gastroparesis is most common in individuals age 58 to 64 years and least common in those age 18 to 27 years. […] Compared with men, women are much more likely (2-fold to 4-fold) to develop gastroparesis. The reasons for this difference have not yet been determined. Hypotheses include hormonal differences, altered serotonergic signaling, and intrinsically slower gastric emptying in women compared with men.

• #39 Gastroparesis for the nongastroenterologist | Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine

  https://www.ccjm.org/content/91/6/373

  The mean age of patients with gastroparesis has been reported as between 45.4 and 58.9 years, and the proportion who are White from 46.7% to 90.1%. […] The mortality rate is higher in patients with gastroparesis than in the general population, the most common causes of death being cardiovascular disease, respiratory failure, and malignancy, although some studies reported that inpatient mortality rates have been falling over time. […] Diabetes and idiopathic disease are the most common causes of gastroparesis. However, the etiology differs among studies and populations. […] A large national claims database study from the United States reported diabetes mellitus as the most common cause, involving 57.4% of all cases, with type 2 diabetes being more prevalent than type 1. […] The most common comorbidities also differ among regions and countries.

• #40 Gastroparesis for the Nongastroenterologist (Part I)

  https://consultqd.clevelandclinic.org/gastroparesis-for-the-nongastroenterologist-part-i

  Gastroparesis is a chronic motility disorder and a heterogeneous syndrome with significant variability in its symptoms, causes, severity and response to treatment. […] A 2023 systematic review reported that the overall standardized prevalence of gastroparesis ranged widely (from 13.8 to 267.7 per 100,000 adults) in studies from 1994 to 2019. […] Community-based studies with a strict case definition (objective evidence of delayed gastric emptying, typical symptoms and absence of mechanical obstruction) appear to offer a more accurate estimate. […] The difference in prevalence in different studies and countries can be attributed to several factors. […] The mean age of patients with gastroparesis has been reported as between 45.4 and 58.9 years and the proportion who are white from 46.7% to 90.1%.

• #41 Gastroparesis — Current Concepts and Considerations – Page 3

  https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/563730_3

  Gastroparesis has many causes. […] The systemic disease most often complicated by development of gastroparesis is diabetes mellitus. […] In one population-based survey, 18% of diabetic patients reported upper gastrointestinal symptoms, a greater proportion than reported by nondiabetic controls. […] The prevalence of delayed emptying in those patients with long-standing type 1 diabetes ranges from 27% to 58%. […] Likewise, gastroparesis is present in up to 30% of patients with type 2 diabetes. […] Idiopathic gastroparesis is at least as common as diabetic gastroparesis in most case series. […] Patients typically are young or middle-aged and up to 90% are women. […] Approximately 5% of patients who undergo vagotomy and drainage for ulcer disease or malignancy experience nausea, vomiting, and early satiety due to postoperative gastric stasis. […] Gastroparesis may complicate surgery performed on the stomach. […] Approximately 25% to 30% of cases of gastroparesis are not idiopathic and are not secondary to diabetes or postoperative gastric motor dysfunction.

• #42 Gastroparesis — Current Concepts and Considerations – Page 3

  https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/563730_3

  Gastroparesis has many causes. […] The systemic disease most often complicated by development of gastroparesis is diabetes mellitus. […] In one population-based survey, 18% of diabetic patients reported upper gastrointestinal symptoms, a greater proportion than reported by nondiabetic controls. […] The prevalence of delayed emptying in those patients with long-standing type 1 diabetes ranges from 27% to 58%. […] Likewise, gastroparesis is present in up to 30% of patients with type 2 diabetes. […] Idiopathic gastroparesis is at least as common as diabetic gastroparesis in most case series. […] Patients typically are young or middle-aged and up to 90% are women. […] Approximately 5% of patients who undergo vagotomy and drainage for ulcer disease or malignancy experience nausea, vomiting, and early satiety due to postoperative gastric stasis. […] Gastroparesis may complicate surgery performed on the stomach. […] Approximately 25% to 30% of cases of gastroparesis are not idiopathic and are not secondary to diabetes or postoperative gastric motor dysfunction.

• #43 Epidemiology and Natural History of Gastroparesis | Abdominal Key

  https://abdominalkey.com/epidemiology-and-natural-history-of-gastroparesis-2/

  Gastroparesis is characterized by delayed gastric emptying and symptoms thereof in the absence of gastric outlet obstruction. […] Most studies on the epidemiology of gastroparesis have been conducted in selected case series rather than in the population at large. […] In the only community-based study, the age-adjusted prevalence of idiopathic gastroparesis per 100,000 persons was higher in women (37.8; 95% CI, 23.3-52.4) than men (9.6; 95% CI, 1.8-17.4). […] In the only community-based study of gastroparesis in diabetes mellitus (DM), the average cumulative incidence of symptoms and delayed gastric emptying over 10 years was higher in type 1 DM (5%) than in type 2 DM (1%) and controls (1%). […] In the United States, the incidence of hospitalizations related to gastroparesis increased substantially between 1995 and 2004, and particularly after 2000.

• #44 Epidemiology and Natural History of Gastroparesis – Dialnet

  https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=5424916

  Gastroparesis is characterized by delayed gastric emptying and symptoms thereof in the absence of gastric outlet obstruction. Most studies on the epidemiology of gastroparesis have been conducted in selected case series rather than in the population at large. […] In the only community-based study of gastroparesis in diabetes mellitus (DM), the average cumulative incidence of symptoms and delayed gastric emptying over 10 years was higher in type 1 DM (5%) than in type 2 DM (1%) and controls (1%). […] In the United States, the incidence of hospitalizations related to gastroparesis increased substantially between 1995 and 2004, and particularly after 2000.

• #45 A New Paradigm Shift in Gastroparesis Management

  https://www.gutnliver.org/journal/view.html?volume=16&number=6&spage=825

  The true prevalence of gastroparesis is difficult to be accurately assessed. It is estimated that only one-ninth of the patients with high likelihood of having gastroparesis was actually worked up for and diagnosed. One of the key challenges is the lack of well-designed epidemiologic study using both verified gastroparetic symptoms and validated gastric emptying scintigraphy as diagnostic criterion. Few existing data reported a prevalence of 10 to 38 per 100,000 population with predominance in female and type I diabetic patients. […] Among patients with diabetes, gastroparesis is far more prevalent in diabetes type 1 (30% to 50%) with a cumulative risk of 5.2%, compared to diabetes type 2 (15% to 30%) with a lower cumulative risk of 1.1%. As for gender inequity, women are at a 4-fold increased risk to developed gastroparesis with an incidence of 9.8 per 100,000 person years partly can be explained by cyclic rises of progesterone, a key relaxant of gastric smooth muscle which induces overall gut hypomotility. Advanced age has also been shown to increase risk of gastroparesis with an incidence of 10.5 per 100,000 person years in patients older than 60 years old. […] Regardless, the hospitalization rate of gastroparesis has amplified 158% from 1994 to 2005 with an astounding 3.5 billion US dollar healthcare expenditure in the United States, putting in a perspective on the significant increase in medical and economical from this debilitating disease.

• #46 Prevalence of gastroparesis in diabetic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-41112-6

  Although there was no significant heterogeneity in the meta-publication, sensitivity analyses revealed significant heterogeneity. Overall, the prevalence was higher in women (N=6, R=4.6%, 95% CI 3.1%, 6.0%, and I2=99.8%) than in men (N=6, R=3.4%, 95% CI 2.0%, 4.7%, and I2=99.6%); prevalence of type 2 diabetes (N=9, R=12.5%, 95% CI 7.7%, 17.3%, and I2=95.4%) was higher than type 1 diabetes (N=7, R=8.3%, 95% CI 6.4%, 10.2%, and I2=93.6%); the prevalence of DGP was slightly lower in DM patients aged over 60 years (N=6, R=5.5%, 95% CI 3.3%, 7.7%, and I2=99.9%) compared to patients under 60 years of age (N=12, R=15.8%, 95% CI 11.4%, 20.2%, and I2=88.3%). […] The epidemiological findings show that while DGP does not affect the life expectancy of diabetic patients, it can affect their digestion and absorption of medication, aggravating their glucose metabolism and making their condition difficult to control, sometimes leading to serious consequences and a significant reduction in their quality of life, as well as imposing a heavy economic burden on their families and society.

• #47 Prevalence of gastroparesis in diabetic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-41112-6

  The meta-analysis revealed that the overall global prevalence of DM-DGP was 9.3%, with a gender difference of 4.6% for women and 3.4% for men. The subgroup analysis revealed that the prevalence of type 2 diabetes was higher than that of type 1 diabetes; the prevalence was higher on all continents except North America, with no significant differences; the prevalence of patients under 60 years of age was significantly higher than that of patients over 60 years of age, indicating an age-related prevalence; and the prevalence of GCSI was slightly higher than that of GES in terms of diagnostic methods for gastroparesis, with no significant differences. In terms of study methods, case-control studies had a much higher relevance than cross-sectional and cohort studies, indicating the impact of the study method on prevalence. However, there was one case-control study, which had a small sample size and was slightly less convincing. Sensitivity analyses suggested the Aslam et al. study as the main source of heterogeneity. In conclusion, DM-DGP prevalence was associated with gender, diabetes type, age, and method of study.

• #48 Diabetic Gastroparesis | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/20442

  Gastroparesis is seen in approximately 4.8% of individuals with type 1 diabetes, 1% of those with type 2 diabetes, and 0.1% of those without diabetes. […] Although idiopathic gastroparesis is the most common form of gastroparesis, diabetes is the most common disease associated with the condition. Upper gastrointestinal symptoms are reported in 11% to 18% of patients with diabetes, most of which are associated with delayed gastric emptying. […] Signs and symptoms of delayed gastric emptying are seen more frequently in individuals with type 1 versus type 2 diabetes and typically in those who have had the disorder for at least five years. It has been observed that gastroparesis typically occurs in patients with a diagnosis of diabetes of at least ten years and is therefore seen more commonly in older individuals with type 2 diabetes.

• #49 Diabetic Gastroparesis | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/20442

  Gastroparesis is seen in approximately 4.8% of individuals with type 1 diabetes, 1% of those with type 2 diabetes, and 0.1% of those without diabetes. […] Although idiopathic gastroparesis is the most common form of gastroparesis, diabetes is the most common disease associated with the condition. Upper gastrointestinal symptoms are reported in 11% to 18% of patients with diabetes, most of which are associated with delayed gastric emptying. […] Signs and symptoms of delayed gastric emptying are seen more frequently in individuals with type 1 versus type 2 diabetes and typically in those who have had the disorder for at least five years. It has been observed that gastroparesis typically occurs in patients with a diagnosis of diabetes of at least ten years and is therefore seen more commonly in older individuals with type 2 diabetes.

• #50 Gastroparesis — Current Concepts and Considerations – Page 3

  https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/563730_3

  Gastroparesis has many causes. […] The systemic disease most often complicated by development of gastroparesis is diabetes mellitus. […] In one population-based survey, 18% of diabetic patients reported upper gastrointestinal symptoms, a greater proportion than reported by nondiabetic controls. […] The prevalence of delayed emptying in those patients with long-standing type 1 diabetes ranges from 27% to 58%. […] Likewise, gastroparesis is present in up to 30% of patients with type 2 diabetes. […] Idiopathic gastroparesis is at least as common as diabetic gastroparesis in most case series. […] Patients typically are young or middle-aged and up to 90% are women. […] Approximately 5% of patients who undergo vagotomy and drainage for ulcer disease or malignancy experience nausea, vomiting, and early satiety due to postoperative gastric stasis. […] Gastroparesis may complicate surgery performed on the stomach. […] Approximately 25% to 30% of cases of gastroparesis are not idiopathic and are not secondary to diabetes or postoperative gastric motor dysfunction.

• #51 CPE Monthly: Gastroparesis: An Update

  https://www.todaysdietitian.com/newarchives/0225p26.shtml

  Gastroparesislike symptoms have been found in an estimated 4% of the population, although the exact number of people suffering from gastroparesis is unknown. […] However, it is suggested that more than 1.5 million Americans suffer from severe gastroparesis. […] Idiopathic gastroparesis is even more common than diabetic gastroparesis. […] Gastroparesis also more commonly occurs in women than men by three-fold. […] This holds true for all types of gastroparesis.

• #52 Gastroparesis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastroparesis

  Post-infectious gastroparesis, which constitutes the majority of idiopathic gastroparesis cases, affects up to 4% of the US population. […] There has only been one true epidemiological study of idiopathic gastroparesis which was completed by the Rochester Epidemiology Project. They looked at patients from 1996 to 2006 who were seeking medical attention instead of a random population sample and found that the prevalence of delayed gastric emptying was fourfold higher in women. It is difficult for medical professionals and researchers to collect enough data and provide accurate numbers since studying gastroparesis requires specialized laboratories and equipment.

• #53 Gastric Enterovirus Infection: A Possible Causative Etiology of Gastroparesis – University of Miami

  https://scholarship.miami.edu/esploro/outputs/991031576817802976?skipUsageReporting=true

  Gastroparesis (GP) is a disabling chronic gastroenterologic disorder with high morbidity that severely impacts patients’ quality of life. […] The aim of this study is to document case reports of Enterovirus (EV) infection as a possible cause of IGP. […] Gastric EV infection was frequently detected (82%) in patients undergoing investigation for IGP. […] This is the first study to identify EV as a possible infectious etiology of IGP.

• #54 Gastroparesis — Current Concepts and Considerations – Page 3

  https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/563730_3

  Gastroparesis has many causes. […] The systemic disease most often complicated by development of gastroparesis is diabetes mellitus. […] In one population-based survey, 18% of diabetic patients reported upper gastrointestinal symptoms, a greater proportion than reported by nondiabetic controls. […] The prevalence of delayed emptying in those patients with long-standing type 1 diabetes ranges from 27% to 58%. […] Likewise, gastroparesis is present in up to 30% of patients with type 2 diabetes. […] Idiopathic gastroparesis is at least as common as diabetic gastroparesis in most case series. […] Patients typically are young or middle-aged and up to 90% are women. […] Approximately 5% of patients who undergo vagotomy and drainage for ulcer disease or malignancy experience nausea, vomiting, and early satiety due to postoperative gastric stasis. […] Gastroparesis may complicate surgery performed on the stomach. […] Approximately 25% to 30% of cases of gastroparesis are not idiopathic and are not secondary to diabetes or postoperative gastric motor dysfunction.

• #55

  https://gutsandgrowth.com/2022/02/13/epidemiology-of-gastroparesis-in-adults/

  The overall standardized prevalence of gastroparesis was 267.7 per 100,000 US adults, whereas prevalence of definite gastroparesis (individuals diagnosed within 3 months of gastric emptying scintigraphy testing with persistent symptoms for more than 3 months) was 21.5 per 100,000 […] Etiology was most commonly due to diabetes (57.4%; type 1, 5.7% and type 2, 51.7%), followed by postsurgical (15.0%), drug-induced (11.8%), and idiopathic (11.3%) etiologies.

• #56 Gastroparesis for the nongastroenterologist | Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine

  https://www.ccjm.org/content/91/6/373

  The mean age of patients with gastroparesis has been reported as between 45.4 and 58.9 years, and the proportion who are White from 46.7% to 90.1%. […] The mortality rate is higher in patients with gastroparesis than in the general population, the most common causes of death being cardiovascular disease, respiratory failure, and malignancy, although some studies reported that inpatient mortality rates have been falling over time. […] Diabetes and idiopathic disease are the most common causes of gastroparesis. However, the etiology differs among studies and populations. […] A large national claims database study from the United States reported diabetes mellitus as the most common cause, involving 57.4% of all cases, with type 2 diabetes being more prevalent than type 1. […] The most common comorbidities also differ among regions and countries.

• #57 Gastroparesis for the Nongastroenterologist (Part I)

  https://consultqd.clevelandclinic.org/gastroparesis-for-the-nongastroenterologist-part-i

  The mortality rate is higher in patients with gastroparesis than in the general population, the most common causes of death being cardiovascular disease, respiratory failure and malignancy, although some studies reported that inpatient mortality rates have been falling over time. […] The most common comorbidities also differ among regions and countries. […] Diabetes and idiopathic disease are the most common causes of gastroparesis. […] A large national claims database study from the United States reported diabetes mellitus as the most common cause, involving 57.4% of all cases, with Type 2 diabetes being more prevalent than Type 1. […] Interestingly, the etiology varies in other countries and regions. […] Differences in the etiology of gastroparesis across countries can be partly explained by differences in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus, which is probably the most common cause where its prevalence is higher.

• #58 Epidemiology and Natural History of Gastroparesis | Abdominal Key

  https://abdominalkey.com/epidemiology-and-natural-history-of-gastroparesis-2/

  Gastroparesis is characterized by delayed gastric emptying and symptoms thereof in the absence of gastric outlet obstruction. […] Most studies on the epidemiology of gastroparesis have been conducted in selected case series rather than in the population at large. […] In the only community-based study, the age-adjusted prevalence of idiopathic gastroparesis per 100,000 persons was higher in women (37.8; 95% CI, 23.3-52.4) than men (9.6; 95% CI, 1.8-17.4). […] In the only community-based study of gastroparesis in diabetes mellitus (DM), the average cumulative incidence of symptoms and delayed gastric emptying over 10 years was higher in type 1 DM (5%) than in type 2 DM (1%) and controls (1%). […] In the United States, the incidence of hospitalizations related to gastroparesis increased substantially between 1995 and 2004, and particularly after 2000.

• #59 Epidemiology and Natural History of Gastroparesis – Dialnet

  https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=5424916

  Gastroparesis is characterized by delayed gastric emptying and symptoms thereof in the absence of gastric outlet obstruction. Most studies on the epidemiology of gastroparesis have been conducted in selected case series rather than in the population at large. […] In the only community-based study of gastroparesis in diabetes mellitus (DM), the average cumulative incidence of symptoms and delayed gastric emptying over 10 years was higher in type 1 DM (5%) than in type 2 DM (1%) and controls (1%). […] In the United States, the incidence of hospitalizations related to gastroparesis increased substantially between 1995 and 2004, and particularly after 2000.

• #60 Epidemiology and Natural History of Gastroparesis | Abdominal Key

  https://abdominalkey.com/epidemiology-and-natural-history-of-gastroparesis-2/

  The incidence of hospitalizations associated with a diagnosis of gastroparesis has increased considerably since 2000. […] The Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) demonstrates a 138% increase in the hospitalizations related to gastroparesis between 1995 and 2004. […] Gastroparesis was the primary or secondary diagnosis for these hospitalizations.

• #61 Gastroparesis | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/22116

  Gastroparesis is a condition of delayed gastric emptying in the absence of mechanical obstruction, lasting for at least 3 months. […] The incidence of gastroparesis has been increasing over the last few decades, attributed to increases in diabetes, obesity, and causative medications. […] The epidemiology of gastroparesis is difficult to estimate due to the relatively weak correlation of symptoms with gastric emptying, resulting in a high rate of underdiagnosis. In one of the largest population-based studies, 3604 cases of possible gastroparesis were evaluated, of which 83 patients classified as definite gastroparesis and 127 patients as probable gastroparesis. A 2022 systematic review of 13 studies from 1994 to 2019 found a prevalence of gastroparesis in the general population between 13.8 to 267.7 per 100,000 adults and an incidence of 1.9 to 6.3 per 100,000 person-years. […] The incidence of gastroparesis in women is quadruple that in men and increases with increasing age in both sexes. […] The overall incidence of hospitalizations for gastroparesis increased by 300% between 1997 to 2013.

• #62 A New Paradigm Shift in Gastroparesis Management

  https://www.gutnliver.org/journal/view.html?volume=16&number=6&spage=825

  The true prevalence of gastroparesis is difficult to be accurately assessed. It is estimated that only one-ninth of the patients with high likelihood of having gastroparesis was actually worked up for and diagnosed. One of the key challenges is the lack of well-designed epidemiologic study using both verified gastroparetic symptoms and validated gastric emptying scintigraphy as diagnostic criterion. Few existing data reported a prevalence of 10 to 38 per 100,000 population with predominance in female and type I diabetic patients. […] Among patients with diabetes, gastroparesis is far more prevalent in diabetes type 1 (30% to 50%) with a cumulative risk of 5.2%, compared to diabetes type 2 (15% to 30%) with a lower cumulative risk of 1.1%. As for gender inequity, women are at a 4-fold increased risk to developed gastroparesis with an incidence of 9.8 per 100,000 person years partly can be explained by cyclic rises of progesterone, a key relaxant of gastric smooth muscle which induces overall gut hypomotility. Advanced age has also been shown to increase risk of gastroparesis with an incidence of 10.5 per 100,000 person years in patients older than 60 years old. […] Regardless, the hospitalization rate of gastroparesis has amplified 158% from 1994 to 2005 with an astounding 3.5 billion US dollar healthcare expenditure in the United States, putting in a perspective on the significant increase in medical and economical from this debilitating disease.

• #63 CPE Monthly: Gastroparesis: An Update

  https://www.todaysdietitian.com/newarchives/0225p26.shtml

  Gastroparesislike symptoms have been found in an estimated 4% of the population, although the exact number of people suffering from gastroparesis is unknown. […] However, it is suggested that more than 1.5 million Americans suffer from severe gastroparesis. […] Idiopathic gastroparesis is even more common than diabetic gastroparesis. […] Gastroparesis also more commonly occurs in women than men by three-fold. […] This holds true for all types of gastroparesis.

• #64 Gastroparesis: Etiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/gastroparesis-etiology-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis

  Gastroparesis is a syndrome of objectively delayed gastric emptying of solids in the absence of a mechanical obstruction and cardinal symptoms of nausea, vomiting, early satiety, belching, bloating, and/or upper abdominal pain. […] In one of the largest population-based studies that identified 3604 potential cases of gastroparesis, of whom 83 fulfilled diagnostic criteria for definite gastroparesis, the age-adjusted incidence of gastroparesis was 2.4 per 100,000 person-years for men, 9.8 per 100,000 person-years for women, and 6.3 per 100,000 person-years for the combined cohort of men and women. […] The age-adjusted prevalence of definite gastroparesis (based on symptoms and delayed gastric emptying measured by scintigraphy) was 9.6 per 100,000 persons for men and 38 per 100,000 persons for women. In an epidemiologic study from Europe, the estimated overall prevalence of gastroparesis was 13.8 per 100,000 persons with an incidence of 1.9 per 100,000 person-years. […] A systematic review of the literature concluded that the prevalence of definite gastroparesis (symptoms plus evidence of delayed gastric emptying) in the general population ranged from 13.8 to 267.7 per 100,000 adults, and the incidence ranged from 1.9 to 6.3 per 100,000 person-years. […] Across studies, gastroparesis was more common among females. Overall survival was significantly lower in patients with diabetes and in those with gastroparesis than for the age- and sex-matched general population. […] However, other estimates have been lower. In a United States cross-sectional population-based study using electronic medical records and results of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and gastric emptying tests, the prevalence of gastroparesis in type 1 and type 2 diabetics was 4.6 and 1.3 percent, respectively. Overall, there were approximately 70,000 people with gastroparesis out of the 44 million people based on the electronic medical records, and the diagnosis was confirmed by the tests in only approximately 14 percent of those with a record of gastroparesis. Overall, these data suggest a calculated prevalence of 0.16 percent.

• #65 Gastroparesis epidemiology and demographics – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Gastroparesis_epidemiology_and_demographics

  The age adjusted worldwide incidence of gastroparesis was approximately 2.8 for men and 9.8 for women per 100,000 person-years for year 1996-2006. The incidence of gastroparesis increases with age; with peak incidence of 10.5 per 100,000 for age greater than 60 years. The female to male ratio is approximately 4 to 1. […] The age-adjusted prevalence of gastroparesis is approximately 9.6 for men and 37.8 for women per 100,000 persons. Most recent studies have estimated prevalence of gastroparesis approaching nearly 2% of general population. […] The mortality rate of gastroparesis is approximately 4-38% over 2 years follow up time. […] Patients of all age groups may develop gastroparesis. […] Females are more commonly affected by gastroparesis than males.

• #66 Gastroparesis for the nongastroenterologist | Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine

  https://www.ccjm.org/content/91/6/373

  The mean age of patients with gastroparesis has been reported as between 45.4 and 58.9 years, and the proportion who are White from 46.7% to 90.1%. […] The mortality rate is higher in patients with gastroparesis than in the general population, the most common causes of death being cardiovascular disease, respiratory failure, and malignancy, although some studies reported that inpatient mortality rates have been falling over time. […] Diabetes and idiopathic disease are the most common causes of gastroparesis. However, the etiology differs among studies and populations. […] A large national claims database study from the United States reported diabetes mellitus as the most common cause, involving 57.4% of all cases, with type 2 diabetes being more prevalent than type 1. […] The most common comorbidities also differ among regions and countries.

• #67 Gastroparesis for the Nongastroenterologist (Part I)

  https://consultqd.clevelandclinic.org/gastroparesis-for-the-nongastroenterologist-part-i

  Gastroparesis is a chronic motility disorder and a heterogeneous syndrome with significant variability in its symptoms, causes, severity and response to treatment. […] A 2023 systematic review reported that the overall standardized prevalence of gastroparesis ranged widely (from 13.8 to 267.7 per 100,000 adults) in studies from 1994 to 2019. […] Community-based studies with a strict case definition (objective evidence of delayed gastric emptying, typical symptoms and absence of mechanical obstruction) appear to offer a more accurate estimate. […] The difference in prevalence in different studies and countries can be attributed to several factors. […] The mean age of patients with gastroparesis has been reported as between 45.4 and 58.9 years and the proportion who are white from 46.7% to 90.1%.

• #68 Worldwide prevalence and burden of gastroparesis‐like symptoms as defined by the United European Gastroenterology (UEG) and European Society for Neurogastroenterology and Motility (ESNM) consensus on gastroparesis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9557951/

  Among individuals with diabetes mellitus the overall prevalence was 1.3%, ranging broadly from 0.0% to 4.5%. […] The prevalence of GPLS in diabetes showed considerable variation between countries. […] The presence of GPLS is associated with multiple aspects of illness and an increased healthcare consumption.

• #69 Gastroparesis for the nongastroenterologist | Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine

  https://www.ccjm.org/content/91/6/373

  More than two-thirds of patients receiving treatment for gastroparesis do not have significant symptom improvement during 1 year of follow-up. […] Gastroparesis is associated with increased emergency department visits and hospitalizations due to exacerbation of symptoms such as vomiting, electrolyte abnormalities, abdominal pain, and malnutrition. […] Gastroparesis predominantly affects women, who are more likely to have idiopathic gastroparesis with more severe symptoms of postprandial fullness, early satiety, bloating, and upper abdominal pain, and are less likely to improve after 48 weeks of follow-up. […] Some predictors of improvement over 48 weeks include age 50 and older, moderate or severe gastroparesis, and onset of gastroparesis following an infectious prodrome. […] Gastroparesis in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus is associated with higher hemoglobin A1c levels, longer duration of gastrointestinal symptoms, greater gastric retention, and more hospitalizations due to gastroparesis. […] Improvement in glycemic control is associated with a decreased incidence of microvascular complications, and it is expected to be associated with a lower incidence of diabetic gastroparesis.

• #70 Gastroparesis for the Nongastroenterologist (Part I)

  https://consultqd.clevelandclinic.org/gastroparesis-for-the-nongastroenterologist-part-i

  More than two-thirds of patients receiving treatment for gastroparesis do not have significant symptom improvement during one year of follow-up. […] Gastroparesis is associated with increased emergency department visits and hospitalizations due to exacerbation of symptoms such as vomiting, electrolyte abnormalities, abdominal pain and malnutrition. […] Gastroparesis predominantly affects women, who are more likely to have idiopathic gastroparesis with more severe symptoms of postprandial fullness, early satiety, bloating and upper abdominal pain, and are less likely to improve after 48 weeks of follow-up. […] Some predictors of improvement over 48 weeks include age 50 and older, moderate or severe gastroparesis and onset of gastroparesis following an infectious prodrome. […] Improvement in glycemic control is associated with a decreased incidence of microvascular complications, and it is expected to be associated with a lower incidence of diabetic gastroparesis.

• #71 Gastroparesis for the nongastroenterologist | Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine

  https://www.ccjm.org/content/91/6/373

  More than two-thirds of patients receiving treatment for gastroparesis do not have significant symptom improvement during 1 year of follow-up. […] Gastroparesis is associated with increased emergency department visits and hospitalizations due to exacerbation of symptoms such as vomiting, electrolyte abnormalities, abdominal pain, and malnutrition. […] Gastroparesis predominantly affects women, who are more likely to have idiopathic gastroparesis with more severe symptoms of postprandial fullness, early satiety, bloating, and upper abdominal pain, and are less likely to improve after 48 weeks of follow-up. […] Some predictors of improvement over 48 weeks include age 50 and older, moderate or severe gastroparesis, and onset of gastroparesis following an infectious prodrome. […] Gastroparesis in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus is associated with higher hemoglobin A1c levels, longer duration of gastrointestinal symptoms, greater gastric retention, and more hospitalizations due to gastroparesis. […] Improvement in glycemic control is associated with a decreased incidence of microvascular complications, and it is expected to be associated with a lower incidence of diabetic gastroparesis.

• #72 Gastroparesis for the Nongastroenterologist (Part I)

  https://consultqd.clevelandclinic.org/gastroparesis-for-the-nongastroenterologist-part-i

  More than two-thirds of patients receiving treatment for gastroparesis do not have significant symptom improvement during one year of follow-up. […] Gastroparesis is associated with increased emergency department visits and hospitalizations due to exacerbation of symptoms such as vomiting, electrolyte abnormalities, abdominal pain and malnutrition. […] Gastroparesis predominantly affects women, who are more likely to have idiopathic gastroparesis with more severe symptoms of postprandial fullness, early satiety, bloating and upper abdominal pain, and are less likely to improve after 48 weeks of follow-up. […] Some predictors of improvement over 48 weeks include age 50 and older, moderate or severe gastroparesis and onset of gastroparesis following an infectious prodrome. […] Improvement in glycemic control is associated with a decreased incidence of microvascular complications, and it is expected to be associated with a lower incidence of diabetic gastroparesis.

• #73 Gastroparesis for the nongastroenterologist | Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine

  https://www.ccjm.org/content/91/6/373

  More than two-thirds of patients receiving treatment for gastroparesis do not have significant symptom improvement during 1 year of follow-up. […] Gastroparesis is associated with increased emergency department visits and hospitalizations due to exacerbation of symptoms such as vomiting, electrolyte abnormalities, abdominal pain, and malnutrition. […] Gastroparesis predominantly affects women, who are more likely to have idiopathic gastroparesis with more severe symptoms of postprandial fullness, early satiety, bloating, and upper abdominal pain, and are less likely to improve after 48 weeks of follow-up. […] Some predictors of improvement over 48 weeks include age 50 and older, moderate or severe gastroparesis, and onset of gastroparesis following an infectious prodrome. […] Gastroparesis in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus is associated with higher hemoglobin A1c levels, longer duration of gastrointestinal symptoms, greater gastric retention, and more hospitalizations due to gastroparesis. […] Improvement in glycemic control is associated with a decreased incidence of microvascular complications, and it is expected to be associated with a lower incidence of diabetic gastroparesis.

• #74 Gastroparesis for the Nongastroenterologist (Part I)

  https://consultqd.clevelandclinic.org/gastroparesis-for-the-nongastroenterologist-part-i

  More than two-thirds of patients receiving treatment for gastroparesis do not have significant symptom improvement during one year of follow-up. […] Gastroparesis is associated with increased emergency department visits and hospitalizations due to exacerbation of symptoms such as vomiting, electrolyte abnormalities, abdominal pain and malnutrition. […] Gastroparesis predominantly affects women, who are more likely to have idiopathic gastroparesis with more severe symptoms of postprandial fullness, early satiety, bloating and upper abdominal pain, and are less likely to improve after 48 weeks of follow-up. […] Some predictors of improvement over 48 weeks include age 50 and older, moderate or severe gastroparesis and onset of gastroparesis following an infectious prodrome. […] Improvement in glycemic control is associated with a decreased incidence of microvascular complications, and it is expected to be associated with a lower incidence of diabetic gastroparesis.

• #75 Gastroparesis | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/22116

  Gastroparesis is a condition of delayed gastric emptying in the absence of mechanical obstruction, lasting for at least 3 months. […] The incidence of gastroparesis has been increasing over the last few decades, attributed to increases in diabetes, obesity, and causative medications. […] The epidemiology of gastroparesis is difficult to estimate due to the relatively weak correlation of symptoms with gastric emptying, resulting in a high rate of underdiagnosis. In one of the largest population-based studies, 3604 cases of possible gastroparesis were evaluated, of which 83 patients classified as definite gastroparesis and 127 patients as probable gastroparesis. A 2022 systematic review of 13 studies from 1994 to 2019 found a prevalence of gastroparesis in the general population between 13.8 to 267.7 per 100,000 adults and an incidence of 1.9 to 6.3 per 100,000 person-years. […] The incidence of gastroparesis in women is quadruple that in men and increases with increasing age in both sexes. […] The overall incidence of hospitalizations for gastroparesis increased by 300% between 1997 to 2013.

• #76 A New Paradigm Shift in Gastroparesis Management

  https://www.gutnliver.org/journal/view.html?volume=16&number=6&spage=825

  The true prevalence of gastroparesis is difficult to be accurately assessed. It is estimated that only one-ninth of the patients with high likelihood of having gastroparesis was actually worked up for and diagnosed. One of the key challenges is the lack of well-designed epidemiologic study using both verified gastroparetic symptoms and validated gastric emptying scintigraphy as diagnostic criterion. Few existing data reported a prevalence of 10 to 38 per 100,000 population with predominance in female and type I diabetic patients. […] Among patients with diabetes, gastroparesis is far more prevalent in diabetes type 1 (30% to 50%) with a cumulative risk of 5.2%, compared to diabetes type 2 (15% to 30%) with a lower cumulative risk of 1.1%. As for gender inequity, women are at a 4-fold increased risk to developed gastroparesis with an incidence of 9.8 per 100,000 person years partly can be explained by cyclic rises of progesterone, a key relaxant of gastric smooth muscle which induces overall gut hypomotility. Advanced age has also been shown to increase risk of gastroparesis with an incidence of 10.5 per 100,000 person years in patients older than 60 years old. […] Regardless, the hospitalization rate of gastroparesis has amplified 158% from 1994 to 2005 with an astounding 3.5 billion US dollar healthcare expenditure in the United States, putting in a perspective on the significant increase in medical and economical from this debilitating disease.

• #77 Gastroparesis for the nongastroenterologist | Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine

  https://www.ccjm.org/content/91/6/373

  Gastroparesis is a heterogeneous motility disorder characterized by nausea, vomiting, and postprandial fullness. Its epidemiology is unclear, and the main causes are diabetes mellitus and idiopathic disease. […] A 2023 systematic review reported that the overall standardized prevalence of gastroparesis ranged widely (from 13.8 to 267.7 per 100,000 adults) in studies from 1994 to 2019. […] Community-based studies with a strict case definition (objective evidence of delayed gastric emptying, typical symptoms, and absence of mechanical obstruction) appear to offer a more accurate estimate. […] The difference in prevalence in different studies and countries can be attributed to several factors. First, epidemiologic studies classify gastroparesis inconsistently: some rely solely on diagnosis codes while others consider specific diagnostic criteria.

• #78 Epidemiology, etiology, and treatment of gastroparesis: Real-world evidence from a large US… : Falk Foundation

  https://falkfoundation.org/en/fgr/detail/epidemiology-etiology-and-treatment-of-gastroparesis-real-world-evidence-from-a-large-us-national-claims-database/?bte=1&cHash=fb140ebce2e324d00f97c2fc144c010d

  Although gastroparesis carries a considerable health care and patient burden, associated epidemiological data are limited. […] The overall standardized prevalence of gastroparesis was 267.7 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 264.8270.7) per 100,000 US adults, whereas prevalence of definite gastroparesis (individuals diagnosed within 3 months of gastric emptying scintigraphy testing with persistent symptoms for more than 3 months) was 21.5 (95% CI: 20.622.4) per 100,000 persons. […] New evidence is provided regarding the prevalence, patient demographics, and etiology of gastroparesis in the US general population. Wider availability of reliable objective gastric emptying measures and further education of medical professionals in recognizing and diagnosing gastroparesis would benefit future studies and improve understanding of disease epidemiology.

• #79 Epidemiology, etiology, and treatment of gastroparesis: Real-world evidence from a large US… : Falk Foundation

  https://falkfoundation.org/en/fgr/detail/epidemiology-etiology-and-treatment-of-gastroparesis-real-world-evidence-from-a-large-us-national-claims-database/?bte=1&cHash=fb140ebce2e324d00f97c2fc144c010d

  Although gastroparesis carries a considerable health care and patient burden, associated epidemiological data are limited. […] The overall standardized prevalence of gastroparesis was 267.7 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 264.8270.7) per 100,000 US adults, whereas prevalence of definite gastroparesis (individuals diagnosed within 3 months of gastric emptying scintigraphy testing with persistent symptoms for more than 3 months) was 21.5 (95% CI: 20.622.4) per 100,000 persons. […] New evidence is provided regarding the prevalence, patient demographics, and etiology of gastroparesis in the US general population. Wider availability of reliable objective gastric emptying measures and further education of medical professionals in recognizing and diagnosing gastroparesis would benefit future studies and improve understanding of disease epidemiology.

• #80 Epidemiology of gastroparesis – Clinical Tree

  https://clinicalpub.com/epidemiology-of-gastroparesis/

  Gastroparesis is commonly defined on the basis of the combination of symptoms and delayed gastric emptying, in the absence of mechanical obstruction. […] Therein lies a major challenge to attempts to provide accurate data on the incidence or prevalence of this disorder which must include (i) a definition of what symptoms are to be regarded as relevant, (ii) an accurate measurement of gastric emptying rate and (iii) appropriate testing to exclude gastric outlet or small bowel obstruction. […] Its utility in the general population is also limited by the involvement of radiation exposure. Though this technique is by far the most widely used worldwide in clinical practice its comparability between centers is limited by differences in study meal, protocol and interpretation.

• #81 Diagnosis and management of patients with gastroparesis – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/medical-professionals/digestive-diseases/news/diagnosis-and-management-of-patients-with-gastroparesis/mac-20526579

  Mayo Clinic commentary authors are in agreement that the epidemiological characteristics of gastroparesis are not yet well understood. […] They note that two objective testing methods to exclude upper gastrointestinal obstruction and to document delayed gastric emptying (upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and gastric emptying scintigraphy, respectively) are not widely used to confirm the diagnosis upon which the epidemiology is based. […] Hence, the authors assert that it is essential for future studies to incorporate those objective measures to gain better insights about the epidemiology of gastroparesis. […] Consensus endorsement of delayed gastric emptying, measured at least three hours after ingestion of a solid meal, to facilitate consistent diagnosis. […] Performance of epidemiological studies using optimal gastric emptying measurement (more feasible using Food and Drug Administration-approved stable isotope breath test, which was originally validated at Mayo Clinic) as the basis for diagnosis.

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