Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Ocular (eye) melanoma cancer | Cancer Council

  https://www.cancer.org.au/cancer-information/types-of-cancer/rare-cancers/eye-ocular-melanoma

  Ocular melanoma can be difficult to diagnose as it forms in the part of the eye that isnt visible to you or others. It doesnt typically cause any signs and symptoms and is usually detected by an optometrist during a routine eye test. […] Symptoms that some people may experience include: poor or blurred vision in one eye, loss of peripheral vision, brown or dark patches on the white of the eye, a dark spot on the iris, small specks, wavy lines or floaters in your vision, flashes in your vision, a change in the shape of the pupil. […] It is not possible for a doctor to predict the exact course of a disease as it will depend on the person’s individual circumstances. However, your doctor may give you a prognosis, the likely outcome of your disease, based on the type of cancer you have, your test results, the rate of tumour growth, as well as your age, fitness and medical history.

• #1 Eye melanoma – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/eye-melanoma/symptoms-causes/syc-20372371

  Eye melanoma may not cause any symptoms. When they do happen, signs and symptoms of eye melanoma can include: […] Poor vision or blurry vision in one eye. […] Eye melanoma typically doesn’t cause symptoms at first. […] Eye melanoma can cause vision loss. Sometimes the vision loss is a symptom of an eye melanoma. Sometimes vision loss is caused by eye melanoma treatment.

• #1 Signs and Symptoms of Eye Cancer | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/eye-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/signs-symptoms.html

  Most eye cancers are melanomas (intraocular melanomas). Many people with eye melanoma dont have symptoms unless the cancer grows in certain parts of the eye or becomes more advanced. […] Signs and symptoms of eye melanomas can include: […] Problems with vision (such as blurry or distorted vision, loss of part of your field of sight, or sudden loss of vision) […] Floaters (spots or squiggles drifting in the field of vision) or flashes of light […] A growing dark spot on the colored part of the eye (iris) or the white part of the eye […] Change in the size or shape of the pupil (the dark spot in the center of the eye) […] Change in position of the eyeball within its socket […] Bulging of the eye […] Change in the way the eye moves within the socket. […] Pain is rare with eye melanomas, unless the tumor has grown extensively outside the eye.

• #1 Eye cancer (ocular melanoma) – symptoms, staging, treatment | Macmillan Cancer Support

  https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/melanoma/eye-cancer

  Eye melanoma does not always cause symptoms. It may be found by an optician during a routine eye test. […] Uveal melanoma symptoms may include: blurred vision, seeing flashing lights or balls of lights, seeing shadows. […] Conjunctival melanoma symptoms may include: new brown or dark patches appearing on the white area of the eye, existing brown or dark patches on the white area of the eye getting bigger, a raised, skin-coloured bump on the white of the eye. […] These symptoms can be caused by other eye conditions. But if you have any of these or any other eye changes, tell your GP or optician straight away. […] Advanced eye cancer is when the cancer has spread to another part of the body or comes back after treatment. The treatment you have will depend on where it has spread to and treatments you have already had.

• #1 Uveal Melanoma (Ocular Melanoma) | Kellogg Eye Center | Michigan Medicine

  https://www.umkelloggeye.org/conditions-treatments/uveal-melanoma-ocular-melanoma

  People with choroidal or ciliary body melanoma may not have any symptoms and the tumor might be detected during routine examination. […] Symptoms may include decreased or blurry vision. Patients with iris melanoma may notice a dark spot on the colored part of the eye or a distorted pupil. […] If melanoma is in the ciliary body or the choroid, a person may have blurry vision or may have no symptoms, and the cancer may grow before it is noticed. […] Uveal melanoma is usually found during a routine eye examination, when a doctor looks inside the eye with special lights and instruments. […] A distinguishing feature of a small malignant melanoma from a nevus is that the malignant melanoma progressively grows and enlarges. Thus, small lesions may initially be observed to determine if the lesion remains static or shows evidence of progressive growth.

• #1 Ocular Melanoma – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551647/

  Ocular melanoma, the second most prevalent form, manifests as a malignant growth of melanocytes in the eye’s uveal tract or conjunctiva. […] Detection involves funduscopic examination and imaging modalities, with symptoms ranging from visual impairment to ocular pain. […] Ocular melanoma can be diagnosed incidentally through funduscopic examination or when patients present with various visual symptoms such as decreased visual acuity, scotoma, visual field loss, ocular pain, or floaters. […] Although localized interventions successfully deter relapse, nearly half of individuals with uveal tumors encounter potential metastatic progression due to early micrometastatic occurrences. […] Patients often remain asymptomatic, and the malignancy is often detected during routine eye examinations.

• #1 Diagnosing Intraocular Melanoma | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/intraocular-melanoma-in-adults/diagnosis

  Because melanomas in the iris are usually visible, they are more likely to be detected when they’re small and are less likely to spread. In contrast, melanomas that begin in the ciliary body or choroid are often discovered when they’re larger and have a greater potential to spread. […] Eye cancer experts at NYU Langone recommend yearly eye exams for people with risk factors for intraocular melanoma, such as unusual nevi or occupations that expose their eyes to ultraviolet light. Early detection saves lives because intraocular melanomas can be discovered during a routine eye examination, when they are small and more treatable with vision-sparing radiation therapy.

• #1 Ocular Melanoma – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551647/

  The 5-year survival rate for conjunctival melanoma with treatment is 83% to 84%, and the 10-year survival rate is 69% to 80%. The overall mortality for choroidal melanoma and ciliary body melanoma is 30% to 50% within 10 years, primarily due to metastatic disease. […] Complications associated with ocular melanoma encompass various issues beyond metastasis and death. These include vision loss, glaucoma, retinal detachment, cataract formation, astigmatism, and macular edema.

• #1 Choroidal Melanoma » New York Eye Cancer Center

  https://eyecancer.com/eye-cancer/conditions/choroidal-tumors/choroidal-melanoma/

  Most choroidal melanoma patients have no symptoms. The melanoma is found on routine eye examination. If patients have choroidal melanoma symptoms, they are usually seeing “flashes of light,” noticing “distortion” or loss of vision, and floating objects (floaters) in their vision. […] If the choroidal melanoma is in the front of the eye (near the natural lens), it can push or tilt the natural lens causing an irregular astigmatism (blurring of vision). […] Choroidal melanoma can leak fluid beneath the retina, making the retina detach and cause symptoms of flashing lights and floating specks “floaters.” […] If the choroidal melanoma is in the macula (center of vision), it can grow beneath the fovea making the patient far-sighted. The choroidal melanoma can also grow into and destroy the fovea causing distortion, loss of vision or changes in color perception.

• #1 Eye cancer (ocular melanoma) – symptoms, staging, treatment | Macmillan Cancer Support

  https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/melanoma/eye-cancer

  If melanoma comes back in the eye, it is called a local recurrence. This usually needs to be treated with surgery to remove the eye. If conjunctival melanoma comes back in the same area, you may have surgery to remove the lymph nodes in the neck. […] If uveal melanoma comes back in the liver it is called secondary liver cancer. There are different treatments that can be used.

• #1 Intraocular Melanoma: Treatment, Symptoms & Definition

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/6134-intraocular-melanoma

  Research shows that intraocular melanoma spreads to other parts of the body in about 40% to 50% of cases. In about 90% of those cases, the cancer spreads to the liver. Choroid melanoma and ciliary body melanoma are more likely to spread than iris melanoma. Like all cancers, the outlook is better when healthcare providers catch and treat the tumor early. […] Intraocular melanoma is cancer inside the eye. It affects cells in the uvea, or the middle part of the eye. Symptoms can include vision loss or changes to the shape and appearance of the eye. Intraocular melanoma can spread to other parts of the body such as the liver. The most common treatments are radiation therapy and surgery.

• #1 Uveal melanoma – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uveal_melanoma

  When eye melanoma is spread to distant parts of the body, the five-year survival rate is about 15%. […] Approximately 50 percent of patients will develop metastases within 15 years after treatment of the primary tumor, and the liver will be involved 90% of the time. […] Several clinical and pathological prognostic factors have been identified that are associated with higher risk of metastasis of uveal melanomas. These include large tumor size, ciliary body involvement, presence of orange pigment overlying the tumor, and older patient age. […] The most important genetic alteration associated with poor prognosis in uveal melanoma is inactivation of BAP1, which most often occurs through mutation of one allele and subsequent loss of an entire copy of chromosome 3 (monosomy 3) to unmask the mutant copy.

• #1 Symptoms of Early Stage Eye Melanoma

  https://www.healthline.com/health/early-stage-eye-melanoma-symptoms

  Metastasis happens in about 40-50% of ocular melanoma cases, and 80% of these cases spread to the liver. […] Based on how aggressive your cancer is, metastasis might not be detected for 2 or 3 years after your initial diagnosis or even decades after treatment. […] Eye cancers are difficult to catch early due to a lack of symptoms, but most people who develop ocular melanoma survive the disease. […] According to the American Cancer Society, about 80% of people diagnosed with eye cancers overall are still alive 5 years after their diagnosis. […] Cancers that haven’t spread yet have the highest survival rate at 85% after 5 years, but cancers that spread in the area close to the eye have a 67% survival rate at 5 years, and eye cancers that have spread to distant areas of the body have the lowest survival rate, at just 16%.

• #1

  https://winshipcancer.emory.edu/cancer-types-and-treatments/ocular-melanoma/symptoms.php

  Regular eye exams and familiarizing yourself with ocular melanoma symptoms are the keys to catching eye cancer early. […] The most common ocular melanoma symptoms include: Blurred vision, Floaters or vision spots, Loss of peripheral vision, Growing dark spot on the iris (colored part of eye), Changes to the pupil or eyeball, Eye bulging, Difficulty moving the eyeball. […] Most people who experience these symptoms do not have eye cancer. Still, its important to seek a diagnosis right away. The sooner ocular melanoma is diagnosed, the better your prognosis may be.

• #1 Intraocular (Uveal) Melanoma Treatment – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/eye/patient/intraocular-melanoma-treatment-pdq

  Signs and symptoms of intraocular melanoma may include blurred vision or a dark spot on the iris. […] Intraocular melanoma may not cause early signs or symptoms. It is sometimes found during a regular eye exam when the doctor dilates the pupil and looks into the eye. These and other signs and symptoms may be caused by intraocular melanoma or by other conditions. Check with your doctor if you have any of the following symptoms that do not go away: […] Blurred vision or other change in vision. […] A dark spot on the iris. […] Intraocular melanoma can recur (come back) after it has been treated. […] The melanoma may come back in the eye or in other parts of the body.

• #2 Eye cancer (ocular melanoma) – symptoms, staging, treatment | Macmillan Cancer Support

  https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/melanoma/eye-cancer

  Eye melanoma does not always cause symptoms. It may be found by an optician during a routine eye test. […] Uveal melanoma symptoms may include: blurred vision, seeing flashing lights or balls of lights, seeing shadows. […] Conjunctival melanoma symptoms may include: new brown or dark patches appearing on the white area of the eye, existing brown or dark patches on the white area of the eye getting bigger, a raised, skin-coloured bump on the white of the eye. […] These symptoms can be caused by other eye conditions. But if you have any of these or any other eye changes, tell your GP or optician straight away. […] Advanced eye cancer is when the cancer has spread to another part of the body or comes back after treatment. The treatment you have will depend on where it has spread to and treatments you have already had.

• #2 Intraocular (Uveal) Melanoma – Patients – The American Society of Retina Specialists

  https://www.asrs.org/patients/retinal-diseases/40/intraocular-uveal-melanoma

  Malignant intraocular (uveal) melanoma is the most common eye cancer in adults. […] Unlike other severe eye diseases, ocular melanoma does not show signs or symptoms in the vast majority of patients. When symptoms are present, they are non-specific and include floaters, flashes, or loss of vision from the affected eye. Rarely is the eye red or painful. […] Ocular melanoma is the most common primary eye cancer of adults but, fortunately, remains a rare cancer.

• #2 Signs and Symptoms of Eye Cancer | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/eye-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/signs-symptoms.html

  Most eye cancers are melanomas (intraocular melanomas). Many people with eye melanoma dont have symptoms unless the cancer grows in certain parts of the eye or becomes more advanced. […] Signs and symptoms of eye melanomas can include: […] Problems with vision (such as blurry or distorted vision, loss of part of your field of sight, or sudden loss of vision) […] Floaters (spots or squiggles drifting in the field of vision) or flashes of light […] A growing dark spot on the colored part of the eye (iris) or the white part of the eye […] Change in the size or shape of the pupil (the dark spot in the center of the eye) […] Change in position of the eyeball within its socket […] Bulging of the eye […] Change in the way the eye moves within the socket. […] Pain is rare with eye melanomas, unless the tumor has grown extensively outside the eye.

• #2 Ocular Melanoma Prevention & Early Detection – AIM at Melanoma Foundation

  https://www.aimatmelanoma.org/melanoma-101/types-of-melanoma/ocular-melanoma-prevention/

  What are the symptoms of eye melanoma? Iris melanomas and conjunctival melanomas may be visible without needing to look inside of the eye, but these types of ocular melanoma are very rare. However, when visible changes do occur, one may notice changes to the pupil, or dark spots in the white of the eye or the eyelid. Some conjunctival melanomas may not be pigmented and instead appear pink or flesh-colored on the eye. […] More commonly, uveal melanomas form in parts of the eye that cannot be seen in the mirror, so they can be difficult to detect outside of a dedicated dilated eye exam. […] Many people with uveal melanoma will experience some sort of new visual symptoms. […] When symptoms occur, they can include: Vision problems, including blurriness, sudden vision loss, or loss of peripheral vision; Seeing drifting specks or squiggles, commonly called ‘floaters’, or flashes of light; A growing dark spot on the iris (the colored part of the eye); Changes in the shape or size of the pupil (the dark circle at the center of the eye); Changes to the positioning or movement of the eyeball in the socket or bulging eyes.

• #2 Reddit – The heart of the internet

  https://www.reddit.com/r/cancer/comments/ia3ovs/the_lights_my_journey_with_ocular_choroidal/

  Last July I started seeing the lights. Flashing lights on my left side. It seemed as though someone was shining a strobe light at my back and I could see the flashing in my peripheral vision. This brought on some headaches and a bit of nausea but didnt seem like a huge deal. […] Within that time, my vision degraded rapidly. Everything started looking distorted and bent, like a funhouse mirror or a psychedelic trip, and I could hardly see at all at night due to the flashing lights. […] When the doctor came into my exam room after the tests were completed he sat down and told me that he hated to be the one to tell me this, but what was happening was that I had developed a choroidal melanoma, a cancerous tumor inside my eye. […] She explained to me that this was a very rare form of cancer, even more rare for people of my age.

• #2 Ocular (eye) melanoma cancer | Cancer Council

  https://www.cancer.org.au/cancer-information/types-of-cancer/rare-cancers/eye-ocular-melanoma

  Ocular melanoma can be difficult to diagnose as it forms in the part of the eye that isnt visible to you or others. It doesnt typically cause any signs and symptoms and is usually detected by an optometrist during a routine eye test. […] Symptoms that some people may experience include: poor or blurred vision in one eye, loss of peripheral vision, brown or dark patches on the white of the eye, a dark spot on the iris, small specks, wavy lines or floaters in your vision, flashes in your vision, a change in the shape of the pupil. […] It is not possible for a doctor to predict the exact course of a disease as it will depend on the person’s individual circumstances. However, your doctor may give you a prognosis, the likely outcome of your disease, based on the type of cancer you have, your test results, the rate of tumour growth, as well as your age, fitness and medical history.

• #2 Melanoma of the eye: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001022.htm

  Melanoma of the eye is cancer that occurs in various parts of the eye. […] Symptoms of melanoma of the eye may include any of the following: Bulging eyes, Change in iris color, Poor vision in one eye, Red, painful eye, Small defect on the iris or conjunctiva. In some cases, there may be no symptoms. […] The outcome for melanoma of the eye depends on the size of the cancer when it is diagnosed. Most people survive at least 5 years from the time of diagnosis if the cancer has not spread outside the eye. If the cancer has spread outside the eye, the chance of long-term survival is much lower.

• #2 Uveal Melanoma (Ocular Melanoma) | Kellogg Eye Center | Michigan Medicine

  https://www.umkelloggeye.org/conditions-treatments/uveal-melanoma-ocular-melanoma

  People with choroidal or ciliary body melanoma may not have any symptoms and the tumor might be detected during routine examination. […] Symptoms may include decreased or blurry vision. Patients with iris melanoma may notice a dark spot on the colored part of the eye or a distorted pupil. […] If melanoma is in the ciliary body or the choroid, a person may have blurry vision or may have no symptoms, and the cancer may grow before it is noticed. […] Uveal melanoma is usually found during a routine eye examination, when a doctor looks inside the eye with special lights and instruments. […] A distinguishing feature of a small malignant melanoma from a nevus is that the malignant melanoma progressively grows and enlarges. Thus, small lesions may initially be observed to determine if the lesion remains static or shows evidence of progressive growth.

• #2 Melanoma in the Eye (Intraocular): Uveal and Conjunctival

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/melanoma/types/intraocular-melanoma

  About 90 percent of intraocular melanomas start in the choroid or ciliary body, according to the American Cancer Society. Because these structures are harder to see, cancers that develop here are usually found when theyre larger, more advanced and more likely to spread to other body parts. […] Intraocular melanoma that develops in the iris is usually found earlier when its smaller and less likely to spread. It may show up as a dark spot in the iris and starts to grow. These cancers make up most of the remaining 10 percent of intraocular melanomas. […] As cancer progresses, the tumor may grow into surrounding tissue in the eye socket, or down the optic nerve, called extraocular extension. Additionally, cancerous cells from the tumor may travel to distant parts of the body and start new tumors, known as metastasis (a more advanced stage of cancer).

• #2 Dog Eye Melanoma: Types, Symptoms, and Treatment – Dr. Buzby’s ToeGrips for Dogs

  https://toegrips.com/dog-eye-melanoma/

  Vision loss is possible with both melanoma types. But because only one eye is affected, dogs may compensate with the opposite eye. Thus, they may not show obvious symptoms of blindness. […] Other possible side effects from dog eye melanoma include: Uveitis (i.e. uveal inflammation), Buphthalmos (i.e. a bulging, enlarged eyeball), Lens subluxation (i.e. lens partially moving out of place), Retinal detachment.

• #2 Symptoms of Early Stage Eye Melanoma

  https://www.healthline.com/health/early-stage-eye-melanoma-symptoms

  Metastasis happens in about 40-50% of ocular melanoma cases, and 80% of these cases spread to the liver. […] Based on how aggressive your cancer is, metastasis might not be detected for 2 or 3 years after your initial diagnosis or even decades after treatment. […] Eye cancers are difficult to catch early due to a lack of symptoms, but most people who develop ocular melanoma survive the disease. […] According to the American Cancer Society, about 80% of people diagnosed with eye cancers overall are still alive 5 years after their diagnosis. […] Cancers that haven’t spread yet have the highest survival rate at 85% after 5 years, but cancers that spread in the area close to the eye have a 67% survival rate at 5 years, and eye cancers that have spread to distant areas of the body have the lowest survival rate, at just 16%.

• #2 Uveal melanoma – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uveal_melanoma

  When eye melanoma is spread to distant parts of the body, the five-year survival rate is about 15%. […] Approximately 50 percent of patients will develop metastases within 15 years after treatment of the primary tumor, and the liver will be involved 90% of the time. […] Several clinical and pathological prognostic factors have been identified that are associated with higher risk of metastasis of uveal melanomas. These include large tumor size, ciliary body involvement, presence of orange pigment overlying the tumor, and older patient age. […] The most important genetic alteration associated with poor prognosis in uveal melanoma is inactivation of BAP1, which most often occurs through mutation of one allele and subsequent loss of an entire copy of chromosome 3 (monosomy 3) to unmask the mutant copy.

• #2 Ocular Melanoma Prevention & Early Detection – AIM at Melanoma Foundation

  https://www.aimatmelanoma.org/melanoma-101/types-of-melanoma/ocular-melanoma-prevention/

  Less serious conditions, including normal aging, can also cause many of these symptoms. It is important to see a doctor as soon as possible to find out what is causing the symptom. […] Of note, pain is not a common symptom of eye melanoma that has not already spread extensively outside of the eye. […] Some patients have a freckle or nevus in the eye that may change over time. People with an eye nevus should have it monitored regularly by an eye doctor who specializes in eye disease, called an ophthalmologist. It is common for people to have choroidal nevi, but their transition into a melanoma is rare. A dark spot on the iris, or colored part of the eye, should also be checked by an ophthalmologist especially if it is growing.

• #2 Diagnosing Intraocular Melanoma | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/intraocular-melanoma-in-adults/diagnosis

  Because melanomas in the iris are usually visible, they are more likely to be detected when they’re small and are less likely to spread. In contrast, melanomas that begin in the ciliary body or choroid are often discovered when they’re larger and have a greater potential to spread. […] Eye cancer experts at NYU Langone recommend yearly eye exams for people with risk factors for intraocular melanoma, such as unusual nevi or occupations that expose their eyes to ultraviolet light. Early detection saves lives because intraocular melanomas can be discovered during a routine eye examination, when they are small and more treatable with vision-sparing radiation therapy.

• #2 Intraocular (Uveal) Melanoma Treatment – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/eye/patient/intraocular-melanoma-treatment-pdq

  Signs and symptoms of intraocular melanoma may include blurred vision or a dark spot on the iris. […] Intraocular melanoma may not cause early signs or symptoms. It is sometimes found during a regular eye exam when the doctor dilates the pupil and looks into the eye. These and other signs and symptoms may be caused by intraocular melanoma or by other conditions. Check with your doctor if you have any of the following symptoms that do not go away: […] Blurred vision or other change in vision. […] A dark spot on the iris. […] Intraocular melanoma can recur (come back) after it has been treated. […] The melanoma may come back in the eye or in other parts of the body.

• #2 Eye cancer (ocular melanoma) – symptoms, staging, treatment | Macmillan Cancer Support

  https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/melanoma/eye-cancer

  If melanoma comes back in the eye, it is called a local recurrence. This usually needs to be treated with surgery to remove the eye. If conjunctival melanoma comes back in the same area, you may have surgery to remove the lymph nodes in the neck. […] If uveal melanoma comes back in the liver it is called secondary liver cancer. There are different treatments that can be used.

• #3 Ocular Melanoma Prevention & Early Detection – AIM at Melanoma Foundation

  https://www.aimatmelanoma.org/melanoma-101/types-of-melanoma/ocular-melanoma-prevention/

  What are the symptoms of eye melanoma? Iris melanomas and conjunctival melanomas may be visible without needing to look inside of the eye, but these types of ocular melanoma are very rare. However, when visible changes do occur, one may notice changes to the pupil, or dark spots in the white of the eye or the eyelid. Some conjunctival melanomas may not be pigmented and instead appear pink or flesh-colored on the eye. […] More commonly, uveal melanomas form in parts of the eye that cannot be seen in the mirror, so they can be difficult to detect outside of a dedicated dilated eye exam. […] Many people with uveal melanoma will experience some sort of new visual symptoms. […] When symptoms occur, they can include: Vision problems, including blurriness, sudden vision loss, or loss of peripheral vision; Seeing drifting specks or squiggles, commonly called ‘floaters’, or flashes of light; A growing dark spot on the iris (the colored part of the eye); Changes in the shape or size of the pupil (the dark circle at the center of the eye); Changes to the positioning or movement of the eyeball in the socket or bulging eyes.

• #3 Symptoms Of Eye Cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/eye-cancer/symptoms

  Eye cancer symptoms are not always obvious. It is most likely to be picked up during a routine eye test. The possible symptoms of eye cancer include: bulging of one eye, complete or partial loss of sight, pain in or around the eye (rare with eye cancer), a pale raised lump on the surface of the eye (the conjunctiva or cornea), blurred vision, change in the appearance of the eye, lump on the eyelids or around the eye, seeing spots or flashes of light or wiggly lines in front of your eyes, blinkered vision (loss of peripheral vision) being able to see clearly what is straight ahead, but not what is at the sides, a dark spot on the coloured part of the eye (the iris) that is getting bigger, eye irritation, red eye or chronic inflammation of the conjunctiva (conjunctivitis). […] Pain is quite rare unless the cancer has spread to the outside of the eye or caused the pressure inside the eye (intraocular pressure) to become too high. […] The earlier a cancer is picked up, the easier it is to treat it. This makes it more likely for the treatment to be successful.

• #3 Reddit – The heart of the internet

  https://www.reddit.com/r/cancer/comments/ia3ovs/the_lights_my_journey_with_ocular_choroidal/

  Last July I started seeing the lights. Flashing lights on my left side. It seemed as though someone was shining a strobe light at my back and I could see the flashing in my peripheral vision. This brought on some headaches and a bit of nausea but didnt seem like a huge deal. […] Within that time, my vision degraded rapidly. Everything started looking distorted and bent, like a funhouse mirror or a psychedelic trip, and I could hardly see at all at night due to the flashing lights. […] When the doctor came into my exam room after the tests were completed he sat down and told me that he hated to be the one to tell me this, but what was happening was that I had developed a choroidal melanoma, a cancerous tumor inside my eye. […] She explained to me that this was a very rare form of cancer, even more rare for people of my age.

• #3 Melanoma of the eye: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001022.htm

  Melanoma of the eye is cancer that occurs in various parts of the eye. […] Symptoms of melanoma of the eye may include any of the following: Bulging eyes, Change in iris color, Poor vision in one eye, Red, painful eye, Small defect on the iris or conjunctiva. In some cases, there may be no symptoms. […] The outcome for melanoma of the eye depends on the size of the cancer when it is diagnosed. Most people survive at least 5 years from the time of diagnosis if the cancer has not spread outside the eye. If the cancer has spread outside the eye, the chance of long-term survival is much lower.

• #3 Metastatic Uveal Melanoma: What Is It?

  https://www.webmd.com/melanoma-skin-cancer/what-is-metastatic-uveal-melanoma

  Uveal melanoma, or ocular melanoma, is a cancer that happens inside your eyeball. Its rare. Just 7 out of every 1 million people get it each year. But its also the most common eye cancer for adults. Sometimes the disease can spread, or metastasize, to other parts of your body. […] For about half of the people diagnosed and treated for uveal melanoma, it will eventually spread within the next 15 years. Most often 90% of the time it spreads to the liver. But it also can end up in the lungs, bones, or brain. […] You may be concerned you or a loved one has uveal melanoma. Early in the disease, its possible you might not have any symptoms. […] Later on, as the disease gets worse, there can be noticeable symptoms, such as: Flashes of light in your vision, Floaters, where spots or dust drift into your field of vision, Changes in your pupil, either its size or shape, Changes in how your eyeball fits into your eye socket, Blurriness, poor vision, worsening peripheral vision (you can see straight ahead but not on the sides), or other changes in how well you see with one of your eyes. […] Uveal melanoma can cause complications, even when it hasnt spread elsewhere in your body. Among them are: Glaucoma, or increasing pressure inside your eye. Symptoms include eye pain, eye redness, and blurry vision.

• #3 Symptoms of Early Stage Eye Melanoma

  https://www.healthline.com/health/early-stage-eye-melanoma-symptoms

  Eye cancer often develops with few symptoms, including vision changes or a dark spot on the iris (colored part) of your eye. Regular eye exams can help you get a diagnosis sooner. […] Eye cancer can be difficult to diagnose early since symptoms don’t often appear until the cancer is advanced. When symptoms do appear, they can include things like: a dark spot on the iris of your eye, blurry vision, floaters, losing part of your field of sight, changes in the size or shape of your pupil, bulging of the eye, problems with the way your eye moves in the socket, change in the position of your eye. […] The first thing that will happen after you’re diagnosed with eye cancer is that your doctor will check to see if the cancer has spread and how far. […] As with most cancers, ocular cancer has the potential to spread or metastasize to other areas of the body. Metastasis from ocular melanoma rarely occurs at the time of initial diagnosis. It typically occurs after the affected eye is removed.

• #3 Ocular melanoma. Melanoma of the eye

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/ocular-melanoma

  Diagnosis of ocular melanoma is usually made by accurate clinical examination. The main indicators of disease in 90 patients described in a Canadian study were: […] Other symptoms may include a protruding eye, change in colour of the iris, red or painful eye, and retinal detachment. […] Half of all patients develop metastatic disease within 15 years after the primary tumour has been treated. Unfortunately there is no cure for metastatic disease. […] Poor prognosis is associated with: […] When treated early, melanoma of the iris is less likely to impair vision or metastasise when compared to other uveal melanomas. […] Histological features associated with higher metastatic risk include: […] Genetic alterations associated with poorer prognosis in uveal melanoma include: […] Unfortunately metastatic melanoma remains the leading cause of death among patients with ocular melanoma. The extent of systemic spread and tumour burden determines the average length of survival after liver metastases have been detected.

• #3 Melanoma in the Eye: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/melanoma-in-the-eye

  Ocular melanoma may or may not cause symptoms, depending on the location of the tumor and its size. It may take many years for symptoms to develop, but they can include: blurred vision, double vision, eye irritation, pain, flashes of light, vision distortion, feeling like something is in your eye, redness, bulging of the eye, change of pupil shape, high eye pressure, vision loss, retinal detachment. […] Eye cancer often does not cause symptoms in the early stages, but if you do notice any potential warning signs, its important to see an eye doctor right away for a proper evaluation. […] Depending on what part of your eye is affected, melanoma can interfere with your vision or cause increased eye pressure. It can also spread to other parts of your body. […] Ocular melanoma is estimated to spread to distant organs in about 40 to 50 percent of people with the cancer. When it spreads, it goes to the liver about 80 percent of the time.

• #3 Uveal melanoma – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uveal_melanoma

  When eye melanoma is spread to distant parts of the body, the five-year survival rate is about 15%. […] Approximately 50 percent of patients will develop metastases within 15 years after treatment of the primary tumor, and the liver will be involved 90% of the time. […] Several clinical and pathological prognostic factors have been identified that are associated with higher risk of metastasis of uveal melanomas. These include large tumor size, ciliary body involvement, presence of orange pigment overlying the tumor, and older patient age. […] The most important genetic alteration associated with poor prognosis in uveal melanoma is inactivation of BAP1, which most often occurs through mutation of one allele and subsequent loss of an entire copy of chromosome 3 (monosomy 3) to unmask the mutant copy.

• #3 Eye melanoma: Symptoms, causes, and risk factors

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/183858

  Some people with eye melanoma may experience no symptoms at all. Others may have light flashes, experience blurred eyesight, or see dark spots in their field of vision. […] The following signs and symptoms are possible: a dark spot in the iris, which may grow; displacement of the eye within the eye socket; flashing lights in the visual field; watery eyes; blurry vision; a loss of peripheral vision in one eye. […] Rarely, pain in or around the eye can be a symptom of eye melanoma. […] Treatment of eye melanoma can be effective if a health professional detects, diagnoses, and treats the cancer early enough. […] According to the ACS, if melanoma has not spread beyond the eye, the relative survival rate is 85%. If the cancer has spread to other parts of the body, the rate drops to around 19%.

• #3 Diagnosing Intraocular Melanoma | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/intraocular-melanoma-in-adults/diagnosis

  Because melanomas in the iris are usually visible, they are more likely to be detected when they’re small and are less likely to spread. In contrast, melanomas that begin in the ciliary body or choroid are often discovered when they’re larger and have a greater potential to spread. […] Eye cancer experts at NYU Langone recommend yearly eye exams for people with risk factors for intraocular melanoma, such as unusual nevi or occupations that expose their eyes to ultraviolet light. Early detection saves lives because intraocular melanomas can be discovered during a routine eye examination, when they are small and more treatable with vision-sparing radiation therapy.

• #3 A Closer Look at Uveal Melanoma – AIM at Melanoma Foundation

  https://www.aimatmelanoma.org/a-closer-look-at-uveal-melanoma/

  Unfortunately, 50% of uveal melanoma patients will develop metastasis. This is because early on in the development of the disease, melanoma cells likely escape from the tumor in the eye and find a home somewhere else—most commonly in the liver. It is 5-10 years later that some patients will develop metastatic tumors in the liver, even though the tumor in the eye is cured. […] The earlier uveal melanoma is caught, the more likely it is that cancer cells have not metastasized. This difference is significant.

• #3 Intraocular (Uveal) Melanoma Treatment – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/eye/patient/intraocular-melanoma-treatment-pdq

  Signs and symptoms of intraocular melanoma may include blurred vision or a dark spot on the iris. […] Intraocular melanoma may not cause early signs or symptoms. It is sometimes found during a regular eye exam when the doctor dilates the pupil and looks into the eye. These and other signs and symptoms may be caused by intraocular melanoma or by other conditions. Check with your doctor if you have any of the following symptoms that do not go away: […] Blurred vision or other change in vision. […] A dark spot on the iris. […] Intraocular melanoma can recur (come back) after it has been treated. […] The melanoma may come back in the eye or in other parts of the body.

• #4 Ocular Melanoma – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551647/

  Ocular melanoma, the second most prevalent form, manifests as a malignant growth of melanocytes in the eye’s uveal tract or conjunctiva. […] Detection involves funduscopic examination and imaging modalities, with symptoms ranging from visual impairment to ocular pain. […] Ocular melanoma can be diagnosed incidentally through funduscopic examination or when patients present with various visual symptoms such as decreased visual acuity, scotoma, visual field loss, ocular pain, or floaters. […] Although localized interventions successfully deter relapse, nearly half of individuals with uveal tumors encounter potential metastatic progression due to early micrometastatic occurrences. […] Patients often remain asymptomatic, and the malignancy is often detected during routine eye examinations.

• #4 Uveal melanoma – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uveal_melanoma

  A sensation of flashes or specks of dust (floaters); growing dark spot on the iris; change in the shape of the pupil; poor or blurry vision in one eye; loss of peripheral vision in one eye. […] Symptoms include blurred vision, loss of vision, and photopsia, but there may be no symptoms. […] When symptoms do occur, they can include: blurred vision, double vision (diplopia), irritation, pain, a perception of flashes of light in the eye (photopsia), a reduction in the total field of vision, loss of vision, a sensation of a foreign body in the field of vision (floaters), redness, bulging or displacement of the eye (proptosis), a change in the shape of the pupil, pressure within the eye, metamorphopsia (a distortion of vision where, when a person looks at a grid of straight lines, the lines appear wavy and parts of the grid appears blank).

• #4 Choroidal Melanoma » New York Eye Cancer Center

  https://eyecancer.com/eye-cancer/conditions/choroidal-tumors/choroidal-melanoma/

  Most choroidal melanoma patients have no symptoms. The melanoma is found on routine eye examination. If patients have choroidal melanoma symptoms, they are usually seeing “flashes of light,” noticing “distortion” or loss of vision, and floating objects (floaters) in their vision. […] If the choroidal melanoma is in the front of the eye (near the natural lens), it can push or tilt the natural lens causing an irregular astigmatism (blurring of vision). […] Choroidal melanoma can leak fluid beneath the retina, making the retina detach and cause symptoms of flashing lights and floating specks “floaters.” […] If the choroidal melanoma is in the macula (center of vision), it can grow beneath the fovea making the patient far-sighted. The choroidal melanoma can also grow into and destroy the fovea causing distortion, loss of vision or changes in color perception.

• #4 Eye cancer (ocular melanoma) – symptoms, staging, treatment | Macmillan Cancer Support

  https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/melanoma/eye-cancer

  Eye melanoma does not always cause symptoms. It may be found by an optician during a routine eye test. […] Uveal melanoma symptoms may include: blurred vision, seeing flashing lights or balls of lights, seeing shadows. […] Conjunctival melanoma symptoms may include: new brown or dark patches appearing on the white area of the eye, existing brown or dark patches on the white area of the eye getting bigger, a raised, skin-coloured bump on the white of the eye. […] These symptoms can be caused by other eye conditions. But if you have any of these or any other eye changes, tell your GP or optician straight away. […] Advanced eye cancer is when the cancer has spread to another part of the body or comes back after treatment. The treatment you have will depend on where it has spread to and treatments you have already had.

• #4 In My Mother’s Eyes: Her Ocular Melanoma Story

  https://www.skincancer.org/blog/in-my-mothers-eyes-her-ocular-melanoma-story/

  Then she started having dizzy spells. […] After my Mom described her symptoms, he told her to come to his office first thing Monday morning. […] After the exam, he sent her back to his office and got my grandmother from the waiting room. Then he told my mother that she had a tumor in the back of her eye. […] For that she would need more tests, so he recommended she see a tumor specialist at the Harkness Eye Institute at Columbia Presbyterian (now known as Columbia University Medical Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital) in New York City. […] Fortunately, the cancer hadn’t spread beyond the tumor, which was encapsulated by a thin layer of tissue. But the tumor was beginning to grow and touch the optic nerve, which is what caused the flashing lights and dizziness. […] The doctors deduced that she had always had a mole in the back of her eye, but some sort of trauma had likely triggered it to turn into a cancerous tumor.

• #4 Uveal melanoma – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uveal_melanoma

  When eye melanoma is spread to distant parts of the body, the five-year survival rate is about 15%. […] Approximately 50 percent of patients will develop metastases within 15 years after treatment of the primary tumor, and the liver will be involved 90% of the time. […] Several clinical and pathological prognostic factors have been identified that are associated with higher risk of metastasis of uveal melanomas. These include large tumor size, ciliary body involvement, presence of orange pigment overlying the tumor, and older patient age. […] The most important genetic alteration associated with poor prognosis in uveal melanoma is inactivation of BAP1, which most often occurs through mutation of one allele and subsequent loss of an entire copy of chromosome 3 (monosomy 3) to unmask the mutant copy.

• #4 Diagnosing Intraocular Melanoma | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/intraocular-melanoma-in-adults/diagnosis

  Because melanomas in the iris are usually visible, they are more likely to be detected when they’re small and are less likely to spread. In contrast, melanomas that begin in the ciliary body or choroid are often discovered when they’re larger and have a greater potential to spread. […] Eye cancer experts at NYU Langone recommend yearly eye exams for people with risk factors for intraocular melanoma, such as unusual nevi or occupations that expose their eyes to ultraviolet light. Early detection saves lives because intraocular melanomas can be discovered during a routine eye examination, when they are small and more treatable with vision-sparing radiation therapy.

• #4 Dog Eye Melanoma: Types, Symptoms, and Treatment – Dr. Buzby’s ToeGrips for Dogs

  https://toegrips.com/dog-eye-melanoma/

  Additionally, intraocular tumors like uveal melanoma can cause increased pressure within the eye (i.e. secondary glaucoma in dogs). The discomfort associated with glaucoma can cause headshaking, squinting, eye-rubbing, and whining. […] Unlike uveal melanomas, limbal melanomas can easily be seen with the naked eye (no pun intended). This makes it easier to detect them in the early stages. Dogs are often asymptomatic at first. However, sometimes limbal melanomas can grow large enough that it becomes difficult for the dog to close the eyelids. […] Also, if other surrounding eye structures are involved, limbal melanomas may cause excess tear production and redness or inflammation. And while limbal melanomas dont usually affect intraocular pressures, they can be painful once they infiltrate the cornea.

• #4 Symptoms of Early Stage Eye Melanoma

  https://www.healthline.com/health/early-stage-eye-melanoma-symptoms

  Metastasis happens in about 40-50% of ocular melanoma cases, and 80% of these cases spread to the liver. […] Based on how aggressive your cancer is, metastasis might not be detected for 2 or 3 years after your initial diagnosis or even decades after treatment. […] Eye cancers are difficult to catch early due to a lack of symptoms, but most people who develop ocular melanoma survive the disease. […] According to the American Cancer Society, about 80% of people diagnosed with eye cancers overall are still alive 5 years after their diagnosis. […] Cancers that haven’t spread yet have the highest survival rate at 85% after 5 years, but cancers that spread in the area close to the eye have a 67% survival rate at 5 years, and eye cancers that have spread to distant areas of the body have the lowest survival rate, at just 16%.

• #4 Uveal Melanoma | Wills Eye Hospital

  https://www.willseye.org/uveal-melanoma/

  Uveal melanoma is the leading, primary eye cancer in adults. […] Melanoma can strike with symptoms of blurred vision, flashing lights, floaters, and rarely pain. Many patients have no symptoms. […] Early treatment of this eye cancer is important to protect from metastasis.

• #4 Childhood Intraocular (Uveal) Melanoma Treatment – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/eye/patient/child-intraocular-melanoma-treatment-pdq

  Signs and symptoms of intraocular melanoma include trouble seeing or a dark spot on the iris. […] Check with your child’s doctor if your child has any of the following: […] Trouble seeing. […] Dark spot on the iris (colored part of the eye). […] A bulging eye. […] Sometimes intraocular melanoma comes back after treatment. […] The cancer may come back in the eye or in other parts of the body, such as in the lung or liver.

• #5 Uveal melanoma – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uveal_melanoma

  A sensation of flashes or specks of dust (floaters); growing dark spot on the iris; change in the shape of the pupil; poor or blurry vision in one eye; loss of peripheral vision in one eye. […] Symptoms include blurred vision, loss of vision, and photopsia, but there may be no symptoms. […] When symptoms do occur, they can include: blurred vision, double vision (diplopia), irritation, pain, a perception of flashes of light in the eye (photopsia), a reduction in the total field of vision, loss of vision, a sensation of a foreign body in the field of vision (floaters), redness, bulging or displacement of the eye (proptosis), a change in the shape of the pupil, pressure within the eye, metamorphopsia (a distortion of vision where, when a person looks at a grid of straight lines, the lines appear wavy and parts of the grid appears blank).

• #5 Choroidal Melanoma » New York Eye Cancer Center

  https://eyecancer.com/eye-cancer/conditions/choroidal-tumors/choroidal-melanoma/

  Most choroidal melanoma patients have no symptoms. The melanoma is found on routine eye examination. If patients have choroidal melanoma symptoms, they are usually seeing “flashes of light,” noticing “distortion” or loss of vision, and floating objects (floaters) in their vision. […] If the choroidal melanoma is in the front of the eye (near the natural lens), it can push or tilt the natural lens causing an irregular astigmatism (blurring of vision). […] Choroidal melanoma can leak fluid beneath the retina, making the retina detach and cause symptoms of flashing lights and floating specks “floaters.” […] If the choroidal melanoma is in the macula (center of vision), it can grow beneath the fovea making the patient far-sighted. The choroidal melanoma can also grow into and destroy the fovea causing distortion, loss of vision or changes in color perception.

• #5 Signs and Symptoms of Eye Cancer | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/eye-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/signs-symptoms.html

  Most eye cancers are melanomas (intraocular melanomas). Many people with eye melanoma dont have symptoms unless the cancer grows in certain parts of the eye or becomes more advanced. […] Signs and symptoms of eye melanomas can include: […] Problems with vision (such as blurry or distorted vision, loss of part of your field of sight, or sudden loss of vision) […] Floaters (spots or squiggles drifting in the field of vision) or flashes of light […] A growing dark spot on the colored part of the eye (iris) or the white part of the eye […] Change in the size or shape of the pupil (the dark spot in the center of the eye) […] Change in position of the eyeball within its socket […] Bulging of the eye […] Change in the way the eye moves within the socket. […] Pain is rare with eye melanomas, unless the tumor has grown extensively outside the eye.

• #5 Symptoms Of Eye Cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/eye-cancer/symptoms

  Eye cancer symptoms are not always obvious. It is most likely to be picked up during a routine eye test. The possible symptoms of eye cancer include: bulging of one eye, complete or partial loss of sight, pain in or around the eye (rare with eye cancer), a pale raised lump on the surface of the eye (the conjunctiva or cornea), blurred vision, change in the appearance of the eye, lump on the eyelids or around the eye, seeing spots or flashes of light or wiggly lines in front of your eyes, blinkered vision (loss of peripheral vision) being able to see clearly what is straight ahead, but not what is at the sides, a dark spot on the coloured part of the eye (the iris) that is getting bigger, eye irritation, red eye or chronic inflammation of the conjunctiva (conjunctivitis). […] Pain is quite rare unless the cancer has spread to the outside of the eye or caused the pressure inside the eye (intraocular pressure) to become too high. […] The earlier a cancer is picked up, the easier it is to treat it. This makes it more likely for the treatment to be successful.

• #5 Uveal Melanoma (Ocular Melanoma) | Kellogg Eye Center | Michigan Medicine

  https://www.umkelloggeye.org/conditions-treatments/uveal-melanoma-ocular-melanoma

  People with choroidal or ciliary body melanoma may not have any symptoms and the tumor might be detected during routine examination. […] Symptoms may include decreased or blurry vision. Patients with iris melanoma may notice a dark spot on the colored part of the eye or a distorted pupil. […] If melanoma is in the ciliary body or the choroid, a person may have blurry vision or may have no symptoms, and the cancer may grow before it is noticed. […] Uveal melanoma is usually found during a routine eye examination, when a doctor looks inside the eye with special lights and instruments. […] A distinguishing feature of a small malignant melanoma from a nevus is that the malignant melanoma progressively grows and enlarges. Thus, small lesions may initially be observed to determine if the lesion remains static or shows evidence of progressive growth.

• #5 Melanoma in the Eye (Intraocular): Uveal and Conjunctival

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/melanoma/types/intraocular-melanoma

  About 90 percent of intraocular melanomas start in the choroid or ciliary body, according to the American Cancer Society. Because these structures are harder to see, cancers that develop here are usually found when theyre larger, more advanced and more likely to spread to other body parts. […] Intraocular melanoma that develops in the iris is usually found earlier when its smaller and less likely to spread. It may show up as a dark spot in the iris and starts to grow. These cancers make up most of the remaining 10 percent of intraocular melanomas. […] As cancer progresses, the tumor may grow into surrounding tissue in the eye socket, or down the optic nerve, called extraocular extension. Additionally, cancerous cells from the tumor may travel to distant parts of the body and start new tumors, known as metastasis (a more advanced stage of cancer).

• #5 Dog Eye Melanoma: Types, Symptoms, and Treatment – Dr. Buzby’s ToeGrips for Dogs

  https://toegrips.com/dog-eye-melanoma/

  Vision loss is possible with both melanoma types. But because only one eye is affected, dogs may compensate with the opposite eye. Thus, they may not show obvious symptoms of blindness. […] Other possible side effects from dog eye melanoma include: Uveitis (i.e. uveal inflammation), Buphthalmos (i.e. a bulging, enlarged eyeball), Lens subluxation (i.e. lens partially moving out of place), Retinal detachment.

• #5 Intraocular Melanoma: Treatment, Symptoms & Definition

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/6134-intraocular-melanoma

  Research shows that intraocular melanoma spreads to other parts of the body in about 40% to 50% of cases. In about 90% of those cases, the cancer spreads to the liver. Choroid melanoma and ciliary body melanoma are more likely to spread than iris melanoma. Like all cancers, the outlook is better when healthcare providers catch and treat the tumor early. […] Intraocular melanoma is cancer inside the eye. It affects cells in the uvea, or the middle part of the eye. Symptoms can include vision loss or changes to the shape and appearance of the eye. Intraocular melanoma can spread to other parts of the body such as the liver. The most common treatments are radiation therapy and surgery.

• #5 Ocular melanoma. Melanoma of the eye

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/ocular-melanoma

  Diagnosis of ocular melanoma is usually made by accurate clinical examination. The main indicators of disease in 90 patients described in a Canadian study were: […] Other symptoms may include a protruding eye, change in colour of the iris, red or painful eye, and retinal detachment. […] Half of all patients develop metastatic disease within 15 years after the primary tumour has been treated. Unfortunately there is no cure for metastatic disease. […] Poor prognosis is associated with: […] When treated early, melanoma of the iris is less likely to impair vision or metastasise when compared to other uveal melanomas. […] Histological features associated with higher metastatic risk include: […] Genetic alterations associated with poorer prognosis in uveal melanoma include: […] Unfortunately metastatic melanoma remains the leading cause of death among patients with ocular melanoma. The extent of systemic spread and tumour burden determines the average length of survival after liver metastases have been detected.

• #5 Symptoms of Early Stage Eye Melanoma

  https://www.healthline.com/health/early-stage-eye-melanoma-symptoms

  Metastasis happens in about 40-50% of ocular melanoma cases, and 80% of these cases spread to the liver. […] Based on how aggressive your cancer is, metastasis might not be detected for 2 or 3 years after your initial diagnosis or even decades after treatment. […] Eye cancers are difficult to catch early due to a lack of symptoms, but most people who develop ocular melanoma survive the disease. […] According to the American Cancer Society, about 80% of people diagnosed with eye cancers overall are still alive 5 years after their diagnosis. […] Cancers that haven’t spread yet have the highest survival rate at 85% after 5 years, but cancers that spread in the area close to the eye have a 67% survival rate at 5 years, and eye cancers that have spread to distant areas of the body have the lowest survival rate, at just 16%.

• #5 Diagnosing Intraocular Melanoma | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/intraocular-melanoma-in-adults/diagnosis

  Because melanomas in the iris are usually visible, they are more likely to be detected when they’re small and are less likely to spread. In contrast, melanomas that begin in the ciliary body or choroid are often discovered when they’re larger and have a greater potential to spread. […] Eye cancer experts at NYU Langone recommend yearly eye exams for people with risk factors for intraocular melanoma, such as unusual nevi or occupations that expose their eyes to ultraviolet light. Early detection saves lives because intraocular melanomas can be discovered during a routine eye examination, when they are small and more treatable with vision-sparing radiation therapy.

• #5 Eye cancer (ocular melanoma) – symptoms, staging, treatment | Macmillan Cancer Support

  https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/melanoma/eye-cancer

  If melanoma comes back in the eye, it is called a local recurrence. This usually needs to be treated with surgery to remove the eye. If conjunctival melanoma comes back in the same area, you may have surgery to remove the lymph nodes in the neck. […] If uveal melanoma comes back in the liver it is called secondary liver cancer. There are different treatments that can be used.

• #6 Intraocular Melanoma: Treatment, Symptoms & Definition

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/6134-intraocular-melanoma

  Intraocular melanoma is a rare cancer that forms inside the eye. It causes melanocytes (cells that produce pigment, or color) to grow out of control. The disease can lead to vision changes or loss. […] Some vision loss is common with intraocular melanoma. The amount of vision loss depends on the size of the melanoma and how long you have had it. Long-standing eye melanomas may cause complete loss of vision. […] In some cases, intraocular melanoma may not cause symptoms. Or symptoms may be difficult to spot since the cancer is in part of the eye that isn’t visible. […] When symptoms do occur, they can include: Blind spots or a reduced field of vision. Blurred or low vision. Changes to the position of the eye in the eye socket. Changes to the size or shape of the pupil. Dark spot on the iris. Displaced eye lens (specific to melanoma in the ciliary body). Double vision. Eye pain. Floaters (spots) or flashes of light in your field of vision. Retinal detachment (specific to melanoma in the choroid).

• #6 Ocular (eye) melanoma cancer | Cancer Council

  https://www.cancer.org.au/cancer-information/types-of-cancer/rare-cancers/eye-ocular-melanoma

  Ocular melanoma can be difficult to diagnose as it forms in the part of the eye that isnt visible to you or others. It doesnt typically cause any signs and symptoms and is usually detected by an optometrist during a routine eye test. […] Symptoms that some people may experience include: poor or blurred vision in one eye, loss of peripheral vision, brown or dark patches on the white of the eye, a dark spot on the iris, small specks, wavy lines or floaters in your vision, flashes in your vision, a change in the shape of the pupil. […] It is not possible for a doctor to predict the exact course of a disease as it will depend on the person’s individual circumstances. However, your doctor may give you a prognosis, the likely outcome of your disease, based on the type of cancer you have, your test results, the rate of tumour growth, as well as your age, fitness and medical history.

• #6 Eye melanoma: Symptoms, causes, and risk factors

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/183858

  Some people with eye melanoma may experience no symptoms at all. Others may have light flashes, experience blurred eyesight, or see dark spots in their field of vision. […] The following signs and symptoms are possible: a dark spot in the iris, which may grow; displacement of the eye within the eye socket; flashing lights in the visual field; watery eyes; blurry vision; a loss of peripheral vision in one eye. […] Rarely, pain in or around the eye can be a symptom of eye melanoma. […] Treatment of eye melanoma can be effective if a health professional detects, diagnoses, and treats the cancer early enough. […] According to the ACS, if melanoma has not spread beyond the eye, the relative survival rate is 85%. If the cancer has spread to other parts of the body, the rate drops to around 19%.

• #6 Uveal Melanoma (Ocular Melanoma) | Kellogg Eye Center | Michigan Medicine

  https://www.umkelloggeye.org/conditions-treatments/uveal-melanoma-ocular-melanoma

  People with choroidal or ciliary body melanoma may not have any symptoms and the tumor might be detected during routine examination. […] Symptoms may include decreased or blurry vision. Patients with iris melanoma may notice a dark spot on the colored part of the eye or a distorted pupil. […] If melanoma is in the ciliary body or the choroid, a person may have blurry vision or may have no symptoms, and the cancer may grow before it is noticed. […] Uveal melanoma is usually found during a routine eye examination, when a doctor looks inside the eye with special lights and instruments. […] A distinguishing feature of a small malignant melanoma from a nevus is that the malignant melanoma progressively grows and enlarges. Thus, small lesions may initially be observed to determine if the lesion remains static or shows evidence of progressive growth.

• #6 Diagnosing Intraocular Melanoma | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/intraocular-melanoma-in-adults/diagnosis

  Because melanomas in the iris are usually visible, they are more likely to be detected when they’re small and are less likely to spread. In contrast, melanomas that begin in the ciliary body or choroid are often discovered when they’re larger and have a greater potential to spread. […] Eye cancer experts at NYU Langone recommend yearly eye exams for people with risk factors for intraocular melanoma, such as unusual nevi or occupations that expose their eyes to ultraviolet light. Early detection saves lives because intraocular melanomas can be discovered during a routine eye examination, when they are small and more treatable with vision-sparing radiation therapy.

• #6 Ocular Melanoma – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551647/

  The 5-year survival rate for conjunctival melanoma with treatment is 83% to 84%, and the 10-year survival rate is 69% to 80%. The overall mortality for choroidal melanoma and ciliary body melanoma is 30% to 50% within 10 years, primarily due to metastatic disease. […] Complications associated with ocular melanoma encompass various issues beyond metastasis and death. These include vision loss, glaucoma, retinal detachment, cataract formation, astigmatism, and macular edema.

• #6 Melanoma in the Eye: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/melanoma-in-the-eye

  Ocular melanoma may or may not cause symptoms, depending on the location of the tumor and its size. It may take many years for symptoms to develop, but they can include: blurred vision, double vision, eye irritation, pain, flashes of light, vision distortion, feeling like something is in your eye, redness, bulging of the eye, change of pupil shape, high eye pressure, vision loss, retinal detachment. […] Eye cancer often does not cause symptoms in the early stages, but if you do notice any potential warning signs, its important to see an eye doctor right away for a proper evaluation. […] Depending on what part of your eye is affected, melanoma can interfere with your vision or cause increased eye pressure. It can also spread to other parts of your body. […] Ocular melanoma is estimated to spread to distant organs in about 40 to 50 percent of people with the cancer. When it spreads, it goes to the liver about 80 percent of the time.

• #6 Uveal melanoma – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uveal_melanoma

  When eye melanoma is spread to distant parts of the body, the five-year survival rate is about 15%. […] Approximately 50 percent of patients will develop metastases within 15 years after treatment of the primary tumor, and the liver will be involved 90% of the time. […] Several clinical and pathological prognostic factors have been identified that are associated with higher risk of metastasis of uveal melanomas. These include large tumor size, ciliary body involvement, presence of orange pigment overlying the tumor, and older patient age. […] The most important genetic alteration associated with poor prognosis in uveal melanoma is inactivation of BAP1, which most often occurs through mutation of one allele and subsequent loss of an entire copy of chromosome 3 (monosomy 3) to unmask the mutant copy.

• #6 Eye cancer: risk factors, prevention and symptoms | Louisville, Ky.Norton Healthcare

  https://nortonhealthcare.com/news/eye-cancer-risk-factors-prevention-and-symptoms/

  Eye melanoma is more common in whites than other races or ethnicities. […] People with light-colored eyes may be more likely to develop uveal melanoma of the eye than people with darker eye or skin color. […] The risk for eye melanoma increases with age and is more common in men than in women. […] People with different types of moles in the eye or on the skin may be at increased risk for melanoma. […] Some eye melanomas may run in families, but this is rarer. […] According to ACS, symptoms of eye cancer may include: blurry vision or sudden vision loss, spots or squiggles in the field of vision, or flashes of light, losing part of your line of vision, a growing dark spot on colored part of the eye, change in size or shape of the pupil, change in the position of the eyeball inside the eye socket, bulging of the eye, change in the way the eye moves. […] If you are experiencing any of these symptoms, please see your primary care doctor right away so the cause can be found and treated.

• #6 Eye cancer (ocular melanoma) – symptoms, staging, treatment | Macmillan Cancer Support

  https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/melanoma/eye-cancer

  If melanoma comes back in the eye, it is called a local recurrence. This usually needs to be treated with surgery to remove the eye. If conjunctival melanoma comes back in the same area, you may have surgery to remove the lymph nodes in the neck. […] If uveal melanoma comes back in the liver it is called secondary liver cancer. There are different treatments that can be used.

• #7 Ocular Melanoma – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551647/

  Some patients may experience pain due to increased intraocular pressure or impingement on posterior ciliary nerves. Decreased visual acuity occurs due to cataract formation, tumor growth into the subfoveal retina, cystoid macular edema, retinal detachment, vitreous hemorrhage, and the tumor’s direct blockage of the visual axis. […] Symptoms of ocular melanomas vary based on the tumor’s location. […] The overall prognosis depends on factors such as tumor size, location, and histologic traits. Importantly, the selection of local treatment does not impact long-term survival outcomes. […] Local treatment prevents local recurrence in 95% of patients. However, due to micrometastasis, 50% of patients with uveal tumors develop metastatic disease. Metastatic disease is typically fatal, with a median survival of only 10 months after diagnosis.

• #7 Signs and Symptoms of Eye Cancer | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/eye-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/signs-symptoms.html

  Most eye cancers are melanomas (intraocular melanomas). Many people with eye melanoma dont have symptoms unless the cancer grows in certain parts of the eye or becomes more advanced. […] Signs and symptoms of eye melanomas can include: […] Problems with vision (such as blurry or distorted vision, loss of part of your field of sight, or sudden loss of vision) […] Floaters (spots or squiggles drifting in the field of vision) or flashes of light […] A growing dark spot on the colored part of the eye (iris) or the white part of the eye […] Change in the size or shape of the pupil (the dark spot in the center of the eye) […] Change in position of the eyeball within its socket […] Bulging of the eye […] Change in the way the eye moves within the socket. […] Pain is rare with eye melanomas, unless the tumor has grown extensively outside the eye.

• #7 Intraocular Melanoma: Treatment, Symptoms & Definition

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/6134-intraocular-melanoma

  Research shows that intraocular melanoma spreads to other parts of the body in about 40% to 50% of cases. In about 90% of those cases, the cancer spreads to the liver. Choroid melanoma and ciliary body melanoma are more likely to spread than iris melanoma. Like all cancers, the outlook is better when healthcare providers catch and treat the tumor early. […] Intraocular melanoma is cancer inside the eye. It affects cells in the uvea, or the middle part of the eye. Symptoms can include vision loss or changes to the shape and appearance of the eye. Intraocular melanoma can spread to other parts of the body such as the liver. The most common treatments are radiation therapy and surgery.

• #7 Melanoma and Melanosis | Animal Vision Care & Surgical Center

  https://animalvisioncare.com/eye-conditions/canine/melanoma-and-melanosis/

  The first sign observed in most cases is a darkening in iris color. The pupil may also change shape, or a raised area on the iris may be seen. As the disease progresses, the tumor can cause glaucoma, resulting in eye redness, squinting, cloudiness of the cornea, vision loss and over time, eye enlargement. […] Uveal melanomas in dogs are predominately benign and rarely ever spread to other aspects of the body. However, they slowly grow inside the eye. They eventually cause retinal detachment, cataract formation, and most importantly glaucoma. This form of glaucoma is typically poorly responsive to medical therapy, resulting in significant discomfort and vision loss. […] Melanomas of the iris have been described to spread to other areas of the body. This is especially true for cats, and unfortunately, early removal of the eye does not always prevent spread of tumor cells. In dogs, most intraocular pigmented tumors do not spread beyond the eye, if diagnosed relatively early.

• #7 Diagnosing Intraocular Melanoma | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/intraocular-melanoma-in-adults/diagnosis

  Specialists at NYU Langone are experienced in diagnosing intraocular melanoma. This rare cancer begins in pigment-producing cells called melanocytes inside the uvea, the middle layers of the eye. […] Iris melanomas are usually visible and are typically discovered when they are small and have not spread to other parts of the body. In contrast, intraocular melanomas located behind the iris—in the ciliary body or choroid—can spread to the liver, bones, skin, lungs, and brain. […] An iris melanoma may look like a dark spot, discoloration of the iris, or change in the size and shape of the pupil. However, most intraocular melanomas are only visible through an eye exam and cause few or no symptoms. […] If the tumor is located in the macula, or center, portion of the retina or is very large, you may notice a change in vision, flashes of light, or floaters, which are spots that drift across your field of vision. These symptoms occur if the tumor causes the retina to detach from the uvea.

• #7 Uveal melanoma – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uveal_melanoma

  The most accurate prognostic factor is molecular classification by gene expression profiling of uveal melanomas. This analysis has been used to identify two subclasses of uveal melanomas: class 1 tumors that have a very low risk of metastasis, and class 2 tumors that have a very high risk of metastasis.

• #7 Eye cancer | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/eye-cancer

  Eye cancer is rare. […] Ocular melanoma is the most common type of eye cancer in adults. […] Most people do not notice any symptoms and the condition is diagnosed during a routine eye check. […] If you do have symptoms, you may notice: blurred vision in one eye, loss of peripheral vision, dark spots on the white or coloured part (iris) of the eye, small specks or wavy lines in your vision, a change in the shape of the black part of the eye (the pupil). […] All of these symptoms can also be caused by other conditions. But if you are worried, talk to your doctor. […] After treatment has finished, you will still need regular checks with your specialists and ongoing tests. Eye melanoma can come back in other parts of the body, so your ophthalmologist will want to review you regularly to catch any recurrence early.

• #8 Signs and Symptoms of Eye Cancer | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/eye-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/signs-symptoms.html

  Most eye cancers are melanomas (intraocular melanomas). Many people with eye melanoma dont have symptoms unless the cancer grows in certain parts of the eye or becomes more advanced. […] Signs and symptoms of eye melanomas can include: […] Problems with vision (such as blurry or distorted vision, loss of part of your field of sight, or sudden loss of vision) […] Floaters (spots or squiggles drifting in the field of vision) or flashes of light […] A growing dark spot on the colored part of the eye (iris) or the white part of the eye […] Change in the size or shape of the pupil (the dark spot in the center of the eye) […] Change in position of the eyeball within its socket […] Bulging of the eye […] Change in the way the eye moves within the socket. […] Pain is rare with eye melanomas, unless the tumor has grown extensively outside the eye.

• #8 Symptoms Of Eye Cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/eye-cancer/symptoms

  Eye cancer symptoms are not always obvious. It is most likely to be picked up during a routine eye test. The possible symptoms of eye cancer include: bulging of one eye, complete or partial loss of sight, pain in or around the eye (rare with eye cancer), a pale raised lump on the surface of the eye (the conjunctiva or cornea), blurred vision, change in the appearance of the eye, lump on the eyelids or around the eye, seeing spots or flashes of light or wiggly lines in front of your eyes, blinkered vision (loss of peripheral vision) being able to see clearly what is straight ahead, but not what is at the sides, a dark spot on the coloured part of the eye (the iris) that is getting bigger, eye irritation, red eye or chronic inflammation of the conjunctiva (conjunctivitis). […] Pain is quite rare unless the cancer has spread to the outside of the eye or caused the pressure inside the eye (intraocular pressure) to become too high. […] The earlier a cancer is picked up, the easier it is to treat it. This makes it more likely for the treatment to be successful.

• #8 Melanoma in the Eye (Intraocular): Uveal and Conjunctival

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/melanoma/types/intraocular-melanoma

  About 90 percent of intraocular melanomas start in the choroid or ciliary body, according to the American Cancer Society. Because these structures are harder to see, cancers that develop here are usually found when theyre larger, more advanced and more likely to spread to other body parts. […] Intraocular melanoma that develops in the iris is usually found earlier when its smaller and less likely to spread. It may show up as a dark spot in the iris and starts to grow. These cancers make up most of the remaining 10 percent of intraocular melanomas. […] As cancer progresses, the tumor may grow into surrounding tissue in the eye socket, or down the optic nerve, called extraocular extension. Additionally, cancerous cells from the tumor may travel to distant parts of the body and start new tumors, known as metastasis (a more advanced stage of cancer).

• #8 Ocular Melanoma – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551647/

  Some patients may experience pain due to increased intraocular pressure or impingement on posterior ciliary nerves. Decreased visual acuity occurs due to cataract formation, tumor growth into the subfoveal retina, cystoid macular edema, retinal detachment, vitreous hemorrhage, and the tumor’s direct blockage of the visual axis. […] Symptoms of ocular melanomas vary based on the tumor’s location. […] The overall prognosis depends on factors such as tumor size, location, and histologic traits. Importantly, the selection of local treatment does not impact long-term survival outcomes. […] Local treatment prevents local recurrence in 95% of patients. However, due to micrometastasis, 50% of patients with uveal tumors develop metastatic disease. Metastatic disease is typically fatal, with a median survival of only 10 months after diagnosis.

• #8 A Closer Look at Uveal Melanoma – AIM at Melanoma Foundation

  https://www.aimatmelanoma.org/a-closer-look-at-uveal-melanoma/

  Unfortunately, 50% of uveal melanoma patients will develop metastasis. This is because early on in the development of the disease, melanoma cells likely escape from the tumor in the eye and find a home somewhere else—most commonly in the liver. It is 5-10 years later that some patients will develop metastatic tumors in the liver, even though the tumor in the eye is cured. […] The earlier uveal melanoma is caught, the more likely it is that cancer cells have not metastasized. This difference is significant.

• #8 Ocular melanoma. Melanoma of the eye

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/ocular-melanoma

  Diagnosis of ocular melanoma is usually made by accurate clinical examination. The main indicators of disease in 90 patients described in a Canadian study were: […] Other symptoms may include a protruding eye, change in colour of the iris, red or painful eye, and retinal detachment. […] Half of all patients develop metastatic disease within 15 years after the primary tumour has been treated. Unfortunately there is no cure for metastatic disease. […] Poor prognosis is associated with: […] When treated early, melanoma of the iris is less likely to impair vision or metastasise when compared to other uveal melanomas. […] Histological features associated with higher metastatic risk include: […] Genetic alterations associated with poorer prognosis in uveal melanoma include: […] Unfortunately metastatic melanoma remains the leading cause of death among patients with ocular melanoma. The extent of systemic spread and tumour burden determines the average length of survival after liver metastases have been detected.

• #9 Signs and Symptoms of Eye Cancer | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/eye-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/signs-symptoms.html

  Most eye cancers are melanomas (intraocular melanomas). Many people with eye melanoma dont have symptoms unless the cancer grows in certain parts of the eye or becomes more advanced. […] Signs and symptoms of eye melanomas can include: […] Problems with vision (such as blurry or distorted vision, loss of part of your field of sight, or sudden loss of vision) […] Floaters (spots or squiggles drifting in the field of vision) or flashes of light […] A growing dark spot on the colored part of the eye (iris) or the white part of the eye […] Change in the size or shape of the pupil (the dark spot in the center of the eye) […] Change in position of the eyeball within its socket […] Bulging of the eye […] Change in the way the eye moves within the socket. […] Pain is rare with eye melanomas, unless the tumor has grown extensively outside the eye.

• #9 Ocular Melanoma – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551647/

  The 5-year survival rate for conjunctival melanoma with treatment is 83% to 84%, and the 10-year survival rate is 69% to 80%. The overall mortality for choroidal melanoma and ciliary body melanoma is 30% to 50% within 10 years, primarily due to metastatic disease. […] Complications associated with ocular melanoma encompass various issues beyond metastasis and death. These include vision loss, glaucoma, retinal detachment, cataract formation, astigmatism, and macular edema.

• #9 Symptoms of Early Stage Eye Melanoma

  https://www.healthline.com/health/early-stage-eye-melanoma-symptoms

  Metastasis happens in about 40-50% of ocular melanoma cases, and 80% of these cases spread to the liver. […] Based on how aggressive your cancer is, metastasis might not be detected for 2 or 3 years after your initial diagnosis or even decades after treatment. […] Eye cancers are difficult to catch early due to a lack of symptoms, but most people who develop ocular melanoma survive the disease. […] According to the American Cancer Society, about 80% of people diagnosed with eye cancers overall are still alive 5 years after their diagnosis. […] Cancers that haven’t spread yet have the highest survival rate at 85% after 5 years, but cancers that spread in the area close to the eye have a 67% survival rate at 5 years, and eye cancers that have spread to distant areas of the body have the lowest survival rate, at just 16%.

• #10 Ocular Melanoma Prevention & Early Detection – AIM at Melanoma Foundation

  https://www.aimatmelanoma.org/melanoma-101/types-of-melanoma/ocular-melanoma-prevention/

  What are the symptoms of eye melanoma? Iris melanomas and conjunctival melanomas may be visible without needing to look inside of the eye, but these types of ocular melanoma are very rare. However, when visible changes do occur, one may notice changes to the pupil, or dark spots in the white of the eye or the eyelid. Some conjunctival melanomas may not be pigmented and instead appear pink or flesh-colored on the eye. […] More commonly, uveal melanomas form in parts of the eye that cannot be seen in the mirror, so they can be difficult to detect outside of a dedicated dilated eye exam. […] Many people with uveal melanoma will experience some sort of new visual symptoms. […] When symptoms occur, they can include: Vision problems, including blurriness, sudden vision loss, or loss of peripheral vision; Seeing drifting specks or squiggles, commonly called ‘floaters’, or flashes of light; A growing dark spot on the iris (the colored part of the eye); Changes in the shape or size of the pupil (the dark circle at the center of the eye); Changes to the positioning or movement of the eyeball in the socket or bulging eyes.

• #10 Dog Eye Melanoma: Types, Symptoms, and Treatment – Dr. Buzby’s ToeGrips for Dogs

  https://toegrips.com/dog-eye-melanoma/

  Vision loss is possible with both melanoma types. But because only one eye is affected, dogs may compensate with the opposite eye. Thus, they may not show obvious symptoms of blindness. […] Other possible side effects from dog eye melanoma include: Uveitis (i.e. uveal inflammation), Buphthalmos (i.e. a bulging, enlarged eyeball), Lens subluxation (i.e. lens partially moving out of place), Retinal detachment.

• #10 A Closer Look at Uveal Melanoma – AIM at Melanoma Foundation

  https://www.aimatmelanoma.org/a-closer-look-at-uveal-melanoma/

  Unfortunately, 50% of uveal melanoma patients will develop metastasis. This is because early on in the development of the disease, melanoma cells likely escape from the tumor in the eye and find a home somewhere else—most commonly in the liver. It is 5-10 years later that some patients will develop metastatic tumors in the liver, even though the tumor in the eye is cured. […] The earlier uveal melanoma is caught, the more likely it is that cancer cells have not metastasized. This difference is significant.

• #11 Diagnosing Intraocular Melanoma | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/intraocular-melanoma-in-adults/diagnosis

  Specialists at NYU Langone are experienced in diagnosing intraocular melanoma. This rare cancer begins in pigment-producing cells called melanocytes inside the uvea, the middle layers of the eye. […] Iris melanomas are usually visible and are typically discovered when they are small and have not spread to other parts of the body. In contrast, intraocular melanomas located behind the iris—in the ciliary body or choroid—can spread to the liver, bones, skin, lungs, and brain. […] An iris melanoma may look like a dark spot, discoloration of the iris, or change in the size and shape of the pupil. However, most intraocular melanomas are only visible through an eye exam and cause few or no symptoms. […] If the tumor is located in the macula, or center, portion of the retina or is very large, you may notice a change in vision, flashes of light, or floaters, which are spots that drift across your field of vision. These symptoms occur if the tumor causes the retina to detach from the uvea.

• #11 Dog Eye Melanoma: Types, Symptoms, and Treatment – Dr. Buzby’s ToeGrips for Dogs

  https://toegrips.com/dog-eye-melanoma/

  Vision loss is possible with both melanoma types. But because only one eye is affected, dogs may compensate with the opposite eye. Thus, they may not show obvious symptoms of blindness. […] Other possible side effects from dog eye melanoma include: Uveitis (i.e. uveal inflammation), Buphthalmos (i.e. a bulging, enlarged eyeball), Lens subluxation (i.e. lens partially moving out of place), Retinal detachment.

• #12 Choroidal Melanoma » New York Eye Cancer Center

  https://eyecancer.com/eye-cancer/conditions/choroidal-tumors/choroidal-melanoma/

  Most choroidal melanoma patients have no symptoms. The melanoma is found on routine eye examination. If patients have choroidal melanoma symptoms, they are usually seeing “flashes of light,” noticing “distortion” or loss of vision, and floating objects (floaters) in their vision. […] If the choroidal melanoma is in the front of the eye (near the natural lens), it can push or tilt the natural lens causing an irregular astigmatism (blurring of vision). […] Choroidal melanoma can leak fluid beneath the retina, making the retina detach and cause symptoms of flashing lights and floating specks “floaters.” […] If the choroidal melanoma is in the macula (center of vision), it can grow beneath the fovea making the patient far-sighted. The choroidal melanoma can also grow into and destroy the fovea causing distortion, loss of vision or changes in color perception.

• #13 Melanoma in the Eye (Intraocular): Uveal and Conjunctival

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/melanoma/types/intraocular-melanoma

  About 90 percent of intraocular melanomas start in the choroid or ciliary body, according to the American Cancer Society. Because these structures are harder to see, cancers that develop here are usually found when theyre larger, more advanced and more likely to spread to other body parts. […] Intraocular melanoma that develops in the iris is usually found earlier when its smaller and less likely to spread. It may show up as a dark spot in the iris and starts to grow. These cancers make up most of the remaining 10 percent of intraocular melanomas. […] As cancer progresses, the tumor may grow into surrounding tissue in the eye socket, or down the optic nerve, called extraocular extension. Additionally, cancerous cells from the tumor may travel to distant parts of the body and start new tumors, known as metastasis (a more advanced stage of cancer).

• #14 Melanoma in the Eye (Intraocular): Uveal and Conjunctival

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/melanoma/types/intraocular-melanoma

  About 90 percent of intraocular melanomas start in the choroid or ciliary body, according to the American Cancer Society. Because these structures are harder to see, cancers that develop here are usually found when theyre larger, more advanced and more likely to spread to other body parts. […] Intraocular melanoma that develops in the iris is usually found earlier when its smaller and less likely to spread. It may show up as a dark spot in the iris and starts to grow. These cancers make up most of the remaining 10 percent of intraocular melanomas. […] As cancer progresses, the tumor may grow into surrounding tissue in the eye socket, or down the optic nerve, called extraocular extension. Additionally, cancerous cells from the tumor may travel to distant parts of the body and start new tumors, known as metastasis (a more advanced stage of cancer).

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