Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Peptic ulcer – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/peptic-ulcer/symptoms-causes/syc-20354223

  Peptic ulcers are open sores on the inner lining of the stomach and the upper part of the small intestine. The most common symptom of a peptic ulcer is stomach pain. […] Many people with peptic ulcers don’t have symptoms. If there are symptoms, they may include: Dull or burning stomach pain. For some people, pain may be worse between meals and at night. For others, it may be worse after eating. Feeling of fullness or bloating. Belching. Heartburn. Nausea. […] Peptic ulcers can cause bleeding from the ulcer. Then symptoms might include: Vomiting blood, which may appear red or black. Having dark blood in stools, or stools that are black or tarry. Feeling dizzy or fainting. […] See your healthcare professional if you’re vomiting blood, having dark blood in stools or are feeling dizzy. Also see your healthcare professional if nonprescription antacids and acid blockers relieve your pain but the pain returns.

• #1 Peptic Ulcer Disease – Gastrointestinal Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/gastrointestinal-disorders/gastritis-and-peptic-ulcer-disease/peptic-ulcer-disease

  Symptoms of peptic ulcer disease depend on ulcer location and patient age; many patients, particularly older patients, have few or no symptoms. Pain is most common, often localized to the epigastrium and relieved by food or antacids. The pain is described as burning or gnawing, or sometimes as a sensation of hunger. The course is usually chronic and recurrent. Only about half of patients present with the characteristic pattern of symptoms. […] Gastric ulcer symptoms often do not follow a consistent pattern (eg, eating sometimes exacerbates rather than relieves pain). This is especially true for pyloric channel ulcers, which are often associated with symptoms of obstruction (eg, bloating, nausea, vomiting) caused by edema and scarring. […] Duodenal ulcers tend to cause more consistent pain. Pain is absent when the patient awakens but appears mid-morning and is relieved by food but recurs 2 to 3 hours after a meal. Pain that awakens a patient at night is common and is highly suggestive of duodenal ulcer. In neonates, perforation and hemorrhage may be the first manifestation of duodenal ulcer. Hemorrhage may also be the first recognized sign in later infancy and early childhood, although repeated vomiting or evidence of abdominal pain may be a clue.

• #1 Peptic Ulcer Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534792/

  The pain of gastric ulcers increases 15 to 30 minutes after a meal and may result in weight loss, whereas the pain of duodenal ulcers decreases with a meal, which can result in weight gain. […] The prognosis of peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is excellent after the underlying cause is successfully treated. Recurrence of the ulcer may be prevented by maintaining good hygiene and avoiding alcohol, smoking, and NSAIDs. Unfortunately, recurrence is common with rates exceeding 60% in most series. […] Peptic ulcer disease (PUD), if not diagnosed and treated promptly, can lead to serious complications. Following complications can occur in PUD: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding, Gastric outlet obstruction, Perforation, Penetration, Gastric cancer.

• #1 Peptic ulcer: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000206.htm

  A peptic ulcer is an open sore or raw area in the lining of the stomach or intestine. […] Small ulcers may not cause any symptoms and may heal without treatment. Some ulcers can cause serious bleeding. Abdominal pain (often in the upper mid-abdomen) is a common symptom. The pain can differ from person to person. Some people have no pain. […] Pain occurs: In the upper abdomen, At night and wakes you up, When you feel an empty stomach, often 1 to 3 hours after a meal. […] Other symptoms include: Feeling of fullness and problems drinking as much fluid as usual, Nausea, Vomiting, Bloody or dark, tarry stools, Chest pain, Fatigue, Vomiting, possibly bloody, Weight loss, Ongoing heartburn. […] Peptic ulcers tend to come back if untreated. There is a good chance that the H pylori infection will be cured if you take your medicines and follow your provider’s advice. You will be much less likely to get another ulcer.

• #1 Peptic Ulcer Disease: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment & Medication

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/10350-peptic-ulcer-disease

  Peptic ulcer disease causes open sores in your stomach lining or duodenum (the top of your small intestine). Symptoms include burning or gnawing stomach pain. […] Up to 70% of people with peptic ulcer disease don’t notice any symptoms. But the most common symptoms people report are epigastric pain (central upper abdominal pain) and indigestion (dyspepsia). These symptoms come and go persistently. […] Many people with duodenal ulcers report pain that awakens them at night. This can also occur with jejunal ulcers. Jejunal pain will be a little lower, closer to your belly button. If you have an esophageal ulcer, it might feel like heartburn, which peaks at night. […] Some people don’t have symptoms until peptic ulcer disease causes extra complications. This can happen when it goes untreated for too long. Untreated ulcers may begin to bleed or may continue to wear through your GI tract until there’s a hole.

• #1 Peptic Ulcer Disease: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment & Medication

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/10350-peptic-ulcer-disease

  Symptoms of upper gastrointestinal bleeding may include: Blood in your stool (poop). Black, tarry stool. Coffee ground vomitus. Dizziness or faintness. Pallor (paleness). Rapid heart rate. […] Symptoms of a gastrointestinal perforation (hole) may include: Sudden, sharp and severe abdominal pain. Abdominal swelling and tenderness to touch. Fever and chills. […] If you have untreated peptic ulcer disease for a long time, ulcers may continuously heal and then start again. Some people develop so much scarring and/or swelling from untreated ulcers in their GI tract that it can slow or stop food from moving through. […] Symptoms of a gastrointestinal obstruction may include: Abdominal bloating, swelling and pain. Nausea and vomiting. Loss of appetite and weight loss. Loss of bowel movements and constipation.

• #1 Peptic Ulcer Disease | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2007/1001/p1005.html

  About 25 percent of patients with peptic ulcer disease have a serious complication such as hemorrhage, perforation, or gastric outlet obstruction. Silent ulcers and complications are more common in older patients and in patients taking NSAIDs. […] Upper gastrointestinal bleeding occurs in 15 to 20 percent of patients with peptic ulcer disease. It is the most common cause of death and the most common indication for surgery in the disease. […] Perforation occurs in approximately 2 to 10 percent of peptic ulcers. Free peritoneal perforation and resulting chemical and bacterial peritonitis is a surgical emergency causing sudden, rapidly spreading, severe upper abdominal pain exacerbated by movement. […] Peptic ulcer disease is the underlying cause in less than 5 to 8 percent of patients presenting with gastric outlet obstruction.

• #1 Peptic Ulcer Disease – American College of Gastroenterology

  https://gi.org/topics/peptic-ulcer-disease/

  Many people with ulcers have no symptoms at all. Some people with an ulcer have belly pain. This pain is often in the upper abdomen. Sometimes food makes the pain better, and sometimes it makes it worse. Other symptoms include nausea, vomiting, or feeling bloated or full. It is important to know that there are many causes of abdominal pain, so not all pain in the abdomen is an “ulcer”. […] The most important symptoms that ulcers cause are related to bleeding. […] Bleeding from an ulcer can be slow and go unnoticed or can cause life-threatening hemorrhage. Ulcers that bleed slowly might not produce the symptoms until the person becomes anemic. Symptoms of anemia include fatigue, shortness of breath with exercise and pale skin color. […] Bleeding that occurs more rapidly might show up as melena – jet black, very sticky stool (often compared to “roof tar”) – or even a large amount of dark red or maroon blood in the stool. People with bleeding ulcers may also vomit. This vomit may be red blood or may look like “coffee grounds”. Other symptoms might include “passing out” or feeling lightheaded. Symptoms of rapid bleeding represent a medical emergency. If this occurs, immediate medical attention is needed. People with these symptoms should dial 911 or go to the nearest emergency room.

• #1 8 Things to Know About Peptic Ulcers > News > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/8-things-to-know-about-peptic-ulcers

  An untreated ulcer can also perforate the wall of the duodenum or stomach, leading to a life-threatening infection (peritonitis) in the abdominal lining, which causes such symptoms as fever, nausea, and vomiting, as well as abdominal pain and tenderness. […] Anyone with any of the above-mentioned symptoms should seek urgent medical care by calling 911 or going to a hospital emergency room immediately. […] The good news is that, with treatment, most peptic ulcers that are diagnosed early get better over time. […] Time and medication will heal most ulcers, he says, adding that most people will recover within a month or two.

• #1

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/stomach-ulcer/complications/

  Internal bleeding is the most common complication of stomach ulcers. It can happen when an ulcer develops at the site of a blood vessel. […] The most common symptom of peritonitis is sudden abdominal pain that gets steadily worse. […] In some cases, an inflamed (swollen) or scarred stomach ulcer can stop food from going through your digestive system. This is known as gastric outlet obstruction. Symptoms can include: repeated episodes of vomiting, with large amounts of vomit that contain undigested food, a persistent feeling of bloating or fullness, feeling very full after eating less food than usual, unintentional weight loss.

• #1 Peptic Ulcers | MUSC Health | Charleston SC

  https://muschealth.org/medical-services/ddc/patients/digestive-diseases/stomach-and-duodenum/peptic-ulcers

  Peptic ulcers are usually chronic and may come and go over a period of many years, even without treatment. The most common symptoms are: abdominal pain, usually located in the upper central abdomen […] In a few patients, an ulcer may be silent until it erodes completely through the gut wall causing perforation, or erodes into a blood vessel causing bleeding. These complications are serious and usually present as an emergency.

• #1 Peptic Ulcer Disease – Digestive Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/digestive-disorders/gastritis-and-peptic-ulcer-disease/peptic-ulcer-disease

  Duodenal ulcer symptoms tend to follow a pattern. People usually do not have pain when they awaken, but pain appears by mid-morning. Drinking milk or eating (which buffers stomach acid) or taking antacids generally relieves the pain, but it usually returns 2 or 3 hours later. Pain that awakens the person during the night is common. Frequently, the pain occurs one or more times a day over a period of one to several weeks and then may go away without treatment. However, pain usually returns, often within the first 2 years and occasionally after several years. People generally develop patterns and often learn by experience when a recurrence is likely (commonly in spring and fall and during periods of stress). […] The symptoms of gastric ulcers, marginal ulcers, and stress ulcers, unlike those of duodenal ulcers, do not follow any pattern. Eating may relieve pain temporarily or may cause pain rather than relieve it. Gastric ulcers sometimes cause scarring and swelling of the tissues (edema) that lead into the small intestine, which may prevent food from easily passing out of the stomach. This blockage may cause bloating, nausea, or vomiting after eating.

• #1 Peptic Ulcer Disease – Digestive Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/digestive-disorders/gastritis-and-peptic-ulcer-disease/peptic-ulcer-disease

  Symptoms of peptic ulcer disease can vary with the location of the ulcer and the person’s age. For example, children, older adults, and people whose ulcers were caused by NSAIDs may not have the usual symptoms or may have no symptoms at all. In these instances, ulcers are discovered only when complications develop. […] The most common symptom of a peptic ulcer is mild to moderately severe pain in the upper abdomen. The pain is typically described as gnawing, burning, aching, or soreness or sometimes as a sensation of hunger and is usually located in the upper abdomen just below the breastbone. It is usually relieved by food or antacids. The typical ulcer tends to heal and return. Thus, pain may occur for days or weeks, then wane or disappear, and then return again when the ulcer returns. Only about half of people have typical symptoms.

• #1 Peptic Ulcer Disease – Gastrointestinal Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/gastrointestinal-disorders/gastritis-and-peptic-ulcer-disease/peptic-ulcer-disease

  Factors that affect recurrence of ulcer include failure to eradicate H. pylori, continued nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use, and smoking. Less commonly, a gastrinoma may be the cause. The 3-year recurrence rate for gastric and duodenal ulcers is 10% when H. pylori is successfully eradicated but is 50% when it is not. Thus, a patient with recurrent disease should be tested for H. pylori and treated again if the tests are positive. […] Patients with H. pylori associated ulcers have a 3- to 6-fold increased risk of gastric cancer later in life. Eradication of the organism is therefore important both to prevent ulcer recurrence and subsequent cancer. There is no increased risk of cancer with ulcers of other etiology.

• #1 Peptic ulcer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/peptic-ulcer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354229

  Peptic ulcers that don’t heal with treatment are called refractory ulcers. Reasons for an ulcer not healing include: […] Treatment for refractory ulcers most often involves getting rid of factors that keep the ulcer from healing and trying other antibiotics. If you smoke, your healthcare professional may suggest you quit. Smoking can slow ulcer healing. […] A serious complication from an ulcer, such as bleeding or a hole in the stomach, may need treatment with endoscopy or surgery. But because there are many medicines that work well, people with peptic ulcers need surgery far less often than in the past.

• #1

  https://www.gleneagles.com.sg/conditions-diseases/peptic-ulcers/symptoms-causes

  You may also experience the following symptoms: heartburn, changes in appetite, bloating and belching, black stools, which is a sign of bleeding, trouble breathing and feeling faint, unexplained weight loss, nausea and vomiting, and vomiting of blood. […] The most common complications of peptic ulcers are bleeding and perforation of the stomach or duodenum wall. Bleeding occurs when blood vessels are damaged due to the presence of ulcers, and may be deadly in the elderly or those with multiple medical problems. Perforation of the stomach or duodenum wall occurs when a severe, untreated ulcer makes a hole that allows digestive juices and food to leak into the abdominal cavity. Immediate surgery is usually required to treat this condition. […] […] […] To prevent peptic ulcers: avoid taking NSAIDs for prolonged periods or at high doses, if you need to take NSAIDs for a long time or at high doses, take additional medicines to protect your stomach and duodenum, such as antacids or proton pump inhibitors, stop smoking and limit alcohol consumption to small amounts of dilute alcohol, and protect yourself from H. pylori infections by washing your hands frequently with soap and water, and by avoiding foods that are not fully cooked.

• #1 Stomach ulcer | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/stomach-ulcer

  Diagnosing a stomach ulcer is done using a range of methods, including: Endoscopy a thin flexible tube is threaded down the oesophagus into the stomach under light anaesthesia. […] Special diets are now known to have very little impact on the prevention or treatment of stomach ulcers. Treatment options can include: Medication including antibiotics, to destroy the H. pylori colony, and drugs to help speed the healing process.

• #1 Peptic ulcer Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/condition/peptic-ulcer

  Symptoms may include: Abdominal pain with a burning or gnawing sensation […] Pain 2 to 3 hours after eating […] Pain is often made worse by an empty stomach; nighttime pain is common […] Pain may be relieved by antacids or milk […] Heartburn […] Indigestion (dyspepsia) […] Belching […] Nausea […] Vomiting […] Poor appetite […] Weight loss […] If you experience any of the following symptoms, you should call your doctor immediately: Sudden increase in the abdominal pain or sharpness in the quality of the pain […] Vomiting blood or material that looks like coffee grounds […] Blood in your stool or black, tarry stools […] With proper treatment, most ulcers heal within 6 to 8 weeks. However, they may recur, particularly if H. pylori is not treated sufficiently […] Complications from ulcers include bleeding, perforation (rupture) of either the stomach or the intestine, and bowel obstruction

• #1 Peptic Ulcer Disease: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment & Medication

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/10350-peptic-ulcer-disease

  Most peptic ulcers heal within a few weeks. Most people will only need medication for about two months. Medications are very effective in treating peptic ulcers. […] Rarely, some people have persistent stomach ulcers that don’t respond to treatment or that keep coming back after treatment. They can cause chronic pain, excessive scarring and other complications.

• #1 13 Stomach Ulcer Symptoms, Treatment, Diet, Causes & Surgery

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/peptic_ulcers/article_em.htm

  With appropriate treatment, symptoms are relieved within a few days to weeks but the actual healing of the lining of the intestine or stomach may take a few weeks longer. […] Severe ulcers can have several complications. These usually develop in people who do not receive appropriate treatment. Complications of ulcers may require emergency treatment including endoscopy or surgery. […] Bleeding: Ulcers in the stomach or duodenum may bleed. […] Perforation: When an ulcer gets very bad, it can eat all the way through the stomach or intestinal wall. […] Obstruction: An ulcer causes inflammation. […] If this inflammation becomes chronic (ongoing, long lasting), it can cause swelling and scarring.

• #1 Peptic Ulcer Disease Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/181753-clinical

  Other possible manifestations include the following: Dyspepsia, including belching, bloating, distention, and fatty food intolerance; Heartburn; Chest discomfort; Hematemesis or melena resulting from gastrointestinal bleeding. Melena may be intermittent over several days or multiple episodes in a single day. Rarely, a briskly bleeding ulcer can present as hematochezia. Symptoms consistent with anemia (eg, fatigue, dyspnea) may be present. Sudden onset of symptoms may indicate perforation. NSAID-induced gastritis or ulcers may be silent, especially in elderly patients. Only 20-25% of patients with symptoms suggestive of peptic ulceration are found on investigation to have a peptic ulcer. […] Alarm features that warrant prompt gastroenterology referral include the following: Bleeding or anemia; Early satiety; Unexplained weight loss; Progressive dysphagia or odynophagia; Recurrent vomiting; Family history of gastrointestinal cancer.

• #1 Peptic Ulcer Disease | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2007/1001/p1005.html

  Typical symptoms of peptic ulcer disease include episodic gnawing or burning epigastric pain; pain occurring two to five hours after meals or on an empty stomach; and nocturnal pain relieved by food intake, antacids, or antisecretory agents. […] The natural history and clinical presentation of peptic ulcer disease differ in individual populations. Abdominal pain is absent in at least 30 percent of older patients with peptic ulcers. […] If the initial clinical presentation suggests the diagnosis of peptic ulcer disease, the patient should be evaluated for alarm symptoms. Anemia, hematemesis, melena, or heme-positive stool suggests bleeding; vomiting suggests obstruction; anorexia or weight loss suggests cancer; persisting upper abdominal pain radiating to the back suggests penetration; and severe, spreading upper abdominal pain suggests perforation.

• #1

  https://www.healthxchange.sg/digestive-system/stomach/peptic-ulcers-symptoms

  Peptic ulcers can take many forms. Peptic ulcers are most commonly caused by bacteria infection or the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). A common symptom of a peptic ulcer is dull or burning abdominal discomfort (upper abdomen/lower chest). This discomfort usually occurs when the stomach is empty (between meals or during the night) and may be briefly relieved by taking food or antacids. Other symptoms include: Bloating, Burping, Nausea/vomiting, Poor appetite. Some people experience only mild symptoms or none at all. However, some may have the following emergency symptoms and should seek medical help immediately: Sharp, sudden, persistent, and severe stomach pain, Bloody or black stools, Bloody vomit or vomit that looks like coffee grounds. These symptoms could be signs of a serious problem, such as: Bleeding when acid or the peptic ulcer breaks a blood vessel, Perforation when the peptic ulcer burrows completely through the stomach or duodenal wall, Obstruction when the peptic ulcer blocks the path of food trying to leave the stomach. Studies have shown that the use of NSAIDs is a major risk factor for non-H. pylori-associated peptic ulcers, especially gastric ulcers. Moreover, NSAIDs increase the risk of peptic ulcer complications three- to five-fold, and are responsible for 15 to 35 per cent of all peptic ulcer complications. The annual risk of serious complications is 1 to 4 per cent with chronic NSAIDs use. The elderly are more likely to develop complications from NSAIDs-induced ulcers and to suffer increased morbidity and mortality from these complications.

• #1 Peptic Ulcers (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/peptic-ulcers.html

  Peptic ulcers are open, painful sores that affect the stomach and the upper part of the small intestine, called the duodenum (doo-uh-DEE-num). […] Signs of a peptic ulcer include: most commonly, burning pain in the belly between the breastbone and the belly button, nausea, vomiting, chest pain (usually dull and achy), loss of appetite, burping or hiccupping a lot, weight loss, feeding problems, blood in vomit or bowel movements, which may look dark red or black. […] If your child has any of these signs and symptoms, call your doctor. […] Most H. pylori-related ulcers can be cured. Treatment involves taking two kinds of antibiotics for 2 weeks and an acid suppressor (antacid) for 2 months or longer. […] To be sure the treatment worked, doctors may order a stool test to see if the H. pylori bacteria are gone.

• #1 Peptic Ulcers (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/peptic-ulcers.html

  Call the doctor right away if your child has any of these symptoms: sudden, sharp, lasting belly pain, bloody or black bowel movements (poop), bloody vomit or vomit that looks like coffee grounds. […] These could be signs of a serious problem for a child who’s had a peptic ulcer, such as: perforation (when the ulcer gets too deep and breaks through the stomach or duodenal wall), bleeding (when acid or the ulcer breaks a blood vessel), obstruction (when the ulcer blocks the path of food from going through the intestines). […] If your child takes NSAIDs and shows signs of a peptic ulcer, get medical help right away. Delaying diagnosis and treatment can lead to more problems and, possibly, the need for surgery. But with quick treatment, almost all peptic ulcers can be cured.

• #1 13 Stomach Ulcer Symptoms, Treatment, Diet, Causes & Surgery

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/peptic_ulcers/article_em.htm

  Some people may have no symptoms of an ulcer, but common symptoms include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, weight loss, and in severe cases, bleeding in the stomach or duodenum. […] The most common symptom of peptic ulcers is abdominal pain. […] The pain is usually in the upper middle part of the abdomen, above the belly button (navel) and below the breastbone. […] Pain often comes several hours after a meal when the stomach is empty. […] Severe ulcers may cause bleeding in the stomach or duodenum. Bleeding is sometimes the only symptom of an ulcer. […] Slow bleeding is often more difficult to detect, because it has no dramatic symptoms. […] The prognosis for appropriately treated peptic ulcers is good with most people getting a full recovery and very few cases re-occur.

• #1 Peptic ulcer Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/condition/peptic-ulcer

  These problems can be very serious, even life threatening […] Bleeding occurs in up to 15% of people with peptic ulcers […] Obstruction tends to happen where the stomach meets the small intestines […] If there is an ulcer at this point, swelling can occur, blocking food from passing through the digestive tract […] Vomiting is generally the main symptom […] H. pylori ulcers increase the risk of stomach cancer […] The good news is that the number of ulcers and their complications continue to decline as people seek early treatment for symptoms and the causes, like H. pylori and NSAIDs.

• #1 Peptic Ulcer: Causes, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.healthline.com/health/peptic-ulcer

  With proper treatment, most peptic ulcers heal. However, you may not heal if you stop taking your medication early or continue to use tobacco, alcohol, and nonsteroidal pain relievers during treatment. Some ulcers, called refractory ulcers, dont heal with treatment. If your ulcer doesnt heal with the initial treatment, this can indicate: an excessive production of stomach acid, presence of bacteria other than H. pylori in the stomach, another disease, such as stomach cancer or Crohns disease.

• #2 Peptic Ulcer Disease – Digestive Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/digestive-disorders/gastritis-and-peptic-ulcer-disease/peptic-ulcer-disease

  Symptoms of peptic ulcer disease can vary with the location of the ulcer and the person’s age. For example, children, older adults, and people whose ulcers were caused by NSAIDs may not have the usual symptoms or may have no symptoms at all. In these instances, ulcers are discovered only when complications develop. […] The most common symptom of a peptic ulcer is mild to moderately severe pain in the upper abdomen. The pain is typically described as gnawing, burning, aching, or soreness or sometimes as a sensation of hunger and is usually located in the upper abdomen just below the breastbone. It is usually relieved by food or antacids. The typical ulcer tends to heal and return. Thus, pain may occur for days or weeks, then wane or disappear, and then return again when the ulcer returns. Only about half of people have typical symptoms.

• #2 Peptic Ulcer Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534792/

  Peptic ulcer disease is characterized by discontinuation in the inner lining of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract because of gastric acid secretion or pepsin. It extends into the muscularis propria layer of the gastric epithelium. It usually occurs in the stomach and proximal duodenum. It may involve the lower esophagus, distal duodenum, or jejunum. […] Epigastric pain usually occurs within 15-30 minutes following a meal in patients with a gastric ulcer; on the other hand, the pain with a duodenal ulcer tends to occur 2-3 hours after a meal. […] Common signs and symptoms include: Epigastric abdominal pain, Bloating, Abdominal fullness, Nausea and vomiting, Weight loss/weight gain, Hematemesis, Melena. […] Warning symptoms or alarm symptoms that should prompt urgent referral include: Unintentional weight loss, Progressive dysphagia, Overt gastrointestinal bleeding, Iron deficiency anemia, Recurrent emesis, Family history of upper gastrointestinal malignancy.

• #2 Peptic Ulcer Disease – Gastrointestinal Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/gastrointestinal-disorders/gastritis-and-peptic-ulcer-disease/peptic-ulcer-disease

  Symptoms of peptic ulcer disease depend on ulcer location and patient age; many patients, particularly older patients, have few or no symptoms. Pain is most common, often localized to the epigastrium and relieved by food or antacids. The pain is described as burning or gnawing, or sometimes as a sensation of hunger. The course is usually chronic and recurrent. Only about half of patients present with the characteristic pattern of symptoms. […] Gastric ulcer symptoms often do not follow a consistent pattern (eg, eating sometimes exacerbates rather than relieves pain). This is especially true for pyloric channel ulcers, which are often associated with symptoms of obstruction (eg, bloating, nausea, vomiting) caused by edema and scarring. […] Duodenal ulcers tend to cause more consistent pain. Pain is absent when the patient awakens but appears mid-morning and is relieved by food but recurs 2 to 3 hours after a meal. Pain that awakens a patient at night is common and is highly suggestive of duodenal ulcer. In neonates, perforation and hemorrhage may be the first manifestation of duodenal ulcer. Hemorrhage may also be the first recognized sign in later infancy and early childhood, although repeated vomiting or evidence of abdominal pain may be a clue.

• #2 Peptic Ulcer Disease – Digestive Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/digestive-disorders/gastritis-and-peptic-ulcer-disease/peptic-ulcer-disease

  Duodenal ulcer symptoms tend to follow a pattern. People usually do not have pain when they awaken, but pain appears by mid-morning. Drinking milk or eating (which buffers stomach acid) or taking antacids generally relieves the pain, but it usually returns 2 or 3 hours later. Pain that awakens the person during the night is common. Frequently, the pain occurs one or more times a day over a period of one to several weeks and then may go away without treatment. However, pain usually returns, often within the first 2 years and occasionally after several years. People generally develop patterns and often learn by experience when a recurrence is likely (commonly in spring and fall and during periods of stress). […] The symptoms of gastric ulcers, marginal ulcers, and stress ulcers, unlike those of duodenal ulcers, do not follow any pattern. Eating may relieve pain temporarily or may cause pain rather than relieve it. Gastric ulcers sometimes cause scarring and swelling of the tissues (edema) that lead into the small intestine, which may prevent food from easily passing out of the stomach. This blockage may cause bloating, nausea, or vomiting after eating.

• #2 Stomach ulcer (gastric ulcer) | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/stomach-liver-and-gastrointestinal-tract/stomach-ulcer/

  Stomach ulcer symptoms include a burning or gnawing pain in the centre of the abdomen. Not all stomach ulcers are painful. Some people experience indigestion, heartburn, and nausea. Speak to your GP if you think you have a stomach ulcer. The most common symptom of a stomach ulcer is a burning or gnawing pain that develops in your abdomen. However, some stomach ulcers aren’t painful and are only noticed when a complication develops, such as bleeding from the ulcer. The pain caused by a stomach ulcer can either travel out from the middle of your tummy up to your neck, down to your belly button, or through to your back. It can last from a few minutes to a few hours, often starts within a few hours of eating, and can cause you to wake up during the night. Taking antacids may temporarily relieve the pain, but it will keep coming back if the ulcer isn’t treated. Less common symptoms of a stomach ulcer include loss of appetite, feeling and being sick, and weight loss. Some people also find they burp or become bloated after eating fatty foods.

• #2 Peptic Ulcer Disease: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment & Medication

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/10350-peptic-ulcer-disease

  Peptic ulcer disease causes open sores in your stomach lining or duodenum (the top of your small intestine). Symptoms include burning or gnawing stomach pain. […] Up to 70% of people with peptic ulcer disease don’t notice any symptoms. But the most common symptoms people report are epigastric pain (central upper abdominal pain) and indigestion (dyspepsia). These symptoms come and go persistently. […] Many people with duodenal ulcers report pain that awakens them at night. This can also occur with jejunal ulcers. Jejunal pain will be a little lower, closer to your belly button. If you have an esophageal ulcer, it might feel like heartburn, which peaks at night. […] Some people don’t have symptoms until peptic ulcer disease causes extra complications. This can happen when it goes untreated for too long. Untreated ulcers may begin to bleed or may continue to wear through your GI tract until there’s a hole.

• #2 Peptic Ulcer Disease | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2007/1001/p1005.html

  Typical symptoms of peptic ulcer disease include episodic gnawing or burning epigastric pain; pain occurring two to five hours after meals or on an empty stomach; and nocturnal pain relieved by food intake, antacids, or antisecretory agents. […] The natural history and clinical presentation of peptic ulcer disease differ in individual populations. Abdominal pain is absent in at least 30 percent of older patients with peptic ulcers. […] If the initial clinical presentation suggests the diagnosis of peptic ulcer disease, the patient should be evaluated for alarm symptoms. Anemia, hematemesis, melena, or heme-positive stool suggests bleeding; vomiting suggests obstruction; anorexia or weight loss suggests cancer; persisting upper abdominal pain radiating to the back suggests penetration; and severe, spreading upper abdominal pain suggests perforation.

• #2 Peptic Ulcer Disease | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2007/1001/p1005.html

  About 25 percent of patients with peptic ulcer disease have a serious complication such as hemorrhage, perforation, or gastric outlet obstruction. Silent ulcers and complications are more common in older patients and in patients taking NSAIDs. […] Upper gastrointestinal bleeding occurs in 15 to 20 percent of patients with peptic ulcer disease. It is the most common cause of death and the most common indication for surgery in the disease. […] Perforation occurs in approximately 2 to 10 percent of peptic ulcers. Free peritoneal perforation and resulting chemical and bacterial peritonitis is a surgical emergency causing sudden, rapidly spreading, severe upper abdominal pain exacerbated by movement. […] Peptic ulcer disease is the underlying cause in less than 5 to 8 percent of patients presenting with gastric outlet obstruction.

• #2 Peptic ulcers: what are the symptoms? – myDr.com.au

  https://mydr.com.au/gastrointestinal-health/peptic-ulcers-what-are-the-symptoms/

  Sometimes you might experience nausea or vomiting. These symptoms are not as common as abdominal pain. […] Again these symptoms are less common than abdominal pain, but people with peptic ulcers may suffer from loss of appetite and so lose weight. […] Sometimes people are not aware they have an ulcer until they experience a serious complication, and some of these may include the following. […] As an ulcer corrodes the lining of the stomach or duodenum, it may extend into the stomach or duodenal wall. In these cases, blood vessels can also be damaged, which can cause bleeding. […] If larger blood vessels are involved, the bleeding will occur much more rapidly. This is a more dangerous situation. You may feel weak when you stand up, or you may faint or vomit blood. […] Although rare, ulcers can develop to such an extent that they completely perforate through the stomach or duodenal wall. This can cause the gastric contents, including partially digested food, to leak through this opening into the abdominal cavity, resulting in peritonitis (inflammation of the membrane that lines the abdominal cavity). This can cause sudden, severe abdominal pain that is worsened by any kind of movement.

• #2 Peptic Ulcer Disease – American College of Gastroenterology

  https://gi.org/topics/peptic-ulcer-disease/

  Many people with ulcers have no symptoms at all. Some people with an ulcer have belly pain. This pain is often in the upper abdomen. Sometimes food makes the pain better, and sometimes it makes it worse. Other symptoms include nausea, vomiting, or feeling bloated or full. It is important to know that there are many causes of abdominal pain, so not all pain in the abdomen is an “ulcer”. […] The most important symptoms that ulcers cause are related to bleeding. […] Bleeding from an ulcer can be slow and go unnoticed or can cause life-threatening hemorrhage. Ulcers that bleed slowly might not produce the symptoms until the person becomes anemic. Symptoms of anemia include fatigue, shortness of breath with exercise and pale skin color. […] Bleeding that occurs more rapidly might show up as melena – jet black, very sticky stool (often compared to “roof tar”) – or even a large amount of dark red or maroon blood in the stool. People with bleeding ulcers may also vomit. This vomit may be red blood or may look like “coffee grounds”. Other symptoms might include “passing out” or feeling lightheaded. Symptoms of rapid bleeding represent a medical emergency. If this occurs, immediate medical attention is needed. People with these symptoms should dial 911 or go to the nearest emergency room.

• #2 Peptic Ulcer Disease: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment & Medication

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/10350-peptic-ulcer-disease

  Symptoms of upper gastrointestinal bleeding may include: Blood in your stool (poop). Black, tarry stool. Coffee ground vomitus. Dizziness or faintness. Pallor (paleness). Rapid heart rate. […] Symptoms of a gastrointestinal perforation (hole) may include: Sudden, sharp and severe abdominal pain. Abdominal swelling and tenderness to touch. Fever and chills. […] If you have untreated peptic ulcer disease for a long time, ulcers may continuously heal and then start again. Some people develop so much scarring and/or swelling from untreated ulcers in their GI tract that it can slow or stop food from moving through. […] Symptoms of a gastrointestinal obstruction may include: Abdominal bloating, swelling and pain. Nausea and vomiting. Loss of appetite and weight loss. Loss of bowel movements and constipation.

• #2 13 Stomach Ulcer Symptoms, Treatment, Diet, Causes & Surgery

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/peptic_ulcers/article_em.htm

  Some people may have no symptoms of an ulcer, but common symptoms include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, weight loss, and in severe cases, bleeding in the stomach or duodenum. […] The most common symptom of peptic ulcers is abdominal pain. […] The pain is usually in the upper middle part of the abdomen, above the belly button (navel) and below the breastbone. […] Pain often comes several hours after a meal when the stomach is empty. […] Severe ulcers may cause bleeding in the stomach or duodenum. Bleeding is sometimes the only symptom of an ulcer. […] Slow bleeding is often more difficult to detect, because it has no dramatic symptoms. […] The prognosis for appropriately treated peptic ulcers is good with most people getting a full recovery and very few cases re-occur.

• #2 Stomach ulcer | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/stomach-ulcer

  A stomach or gastric ulcer is a break in the tissue lining of the stomach. […] Some stomach ulcers dont produce any symptoms. If present, the symptoms can include: abdominal pain just below the ribcage, indigestion, nausea, loss of appetite, vomiting, weight loss, bright or altered blood present in vomit or bowel motions, symptoms of anaemia, such as light-headedness, shock due to blood loss a medical emergency. […] H. pylori directly causes one-third of stomach ulcers and is a contributing factor in around three-fifths of cases. […] Ulcer bleeding is a serious complication of ulcer disease and is particularly deadly in the elderly or those with multiple medical problems. […] A severe, untreated ulcer can sometimes burn through the wall of the stomach, allowing digestive juices and food to leak into the abdominal cavity. This medical emergency is known as a perforated ulcer.

• #2 8 Things to Know About Peptic Ulcers > News > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/8-things-to-know-about-peptic-ulcers

  An untreated ulcer can also perforate the wall of the duodenum or stomach, leading to a life-threatening infection (peritonitis) in the abdominal lining, which causes such symptoms as fever, nausea, and vomiting, as well as abdominal pain and tenderness. […] Anyone with any of the above-mentioned symptoms should seek urgent medical care by calling 911 or going to a hospital emergency room immediately. […] The good news is that, with treatment, most peptic ulcers that are diagnosed early get better over time. […] Time and medication will heal most ulcers, he says, adding that most people will recover within a month or two.

• #2 Peptic Ulcer Disease – Gastrointestinal Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/gastrointestinal-disorders/gastritis-and-peptic-ulcer-disease/peptic-ulcer-disease

  Factors that affect recurrence of ulcer include failure to eradicate H. pylori, continued nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use, and smoking. Less commonly, a gastrinoma may be the cause. The 3-year recurrence rate for gastric and duodenal ulcers is 10% when H. pylori is successfully eradicated but is 50% when it is not. Thus, a patient with recurrent disease should be tested for H. pylori and treated again if the tests are positive. […] Patients with H. pylori associated ulcers have a 3- to 6-fold increased risk of gastric cancer later in life. Eradication of the organism is therefore important both to prevent ulcer recurrence and subsequent cancer. There is no increased risk of cancer with ulcers of other etiology.

• #2

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/stomach-ulcer/complications/

  Internal bleeding is the most common complication of stomach ulcers. It can happen when an ulcer develops at the site of a blood vessel. […] The most common symptom of peritonitis is sudden abdominal pain that gets steadily worse. […] In some cases, an inflamed (swollen) or scarred stomach ulcer can stop food from going through your digestive system. This is known as gastric outlet obstruction. Symptoms can include: repeated episodes of vomiting, with large amounts of vomit that contain undigested food, a persistent feeling of bloating or fullness, feeling very full after eating less food than usual, unintentional weight loss.

• #2 Ulcers | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/u/ulcers.html

  Symptoms vary depending on where the ulcer is and how old the patient is. Many patients, especially older ones, may have no symptoms. When symptoms do occur, they tend to come back again and again. […] Stomach (or peptic) ulcers may produce few or no symptoms, or they may cause burning, gnawing pain in the upper middle part of the abdomen that is relieved by eating or taking an antacid. Stomach ulcers often are not consistent. For example, eating sometimes will make the pain worse rather than better with certain types of ulcers, such as pyloric channel ulcers, which are often associated with bloating, nausea and vomiting, symptoms of a blockage caused by swelling (edema) and scarring. […] Duodenal ulcers tend to cause consistent pain. A patient may feel no pain when he or she awakens, but by midmorning it is present. The pain can be relieved by eating, but it usually returns two to three hours later. Pain that wakes a patient at night is common for duodenal ulcers. […] More than 60% of people have a return of their ulcers a year after traditional treatment has ended. Fewer than 10% of people have a recurrence of ulcers after anti-H. pylori therapy. The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs might also affect recurrence of ulcers.

• #2 Peptic ulcer disease – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peptic_ulcer_disease

  The timing of symptoms in relation to the meal may differentiate between gastric and duodenal ulcers. A gastric ulcer would give epigastric pain during the meal, associated with nausea and vomiting, as gastric acid production is increased as food enters the stomach. Pain in duodenal ulcers would be aggravated by hunger and relieved by a meal and is associated with night pain. Also, the symptoms of peptic ulcers may vary with the location of the ulcer and the person’s age. Furthermore, typical ulcers tend to heal and recur, and as a result the pain may occur for few days and weeks and then wane or disappear. Usually, children and the elderly do not develop any symptoms unless complications have arisen. […] A burning or gnawing feeling in the stomach area lasting between 30 minutes and 3 hours commonly accompanies ulcers. This pain can be misinterpreted as hunger, indigestion, or heartburn. Pain is usually caused by the ulcer, but it may be aggravated by the stomach acid when it comes into contact with the ulcerated area. The pain caused by peptic ulcers can be felt anywhere from the navel up to the sternum, it may last from few minutes to several hours, and it may be worse when the stomach is empty. Also, sometimes the pain may flare at night, and it can commonly be temporarily relieved by eating foods that buffer stomach acid or by taking anti-acid medication. However, peptic ulcer disease symptoms may be different for everyone.

• #2 13 Stomach Ulcer Symptoms, Treatment, Diet, Causes & Surgery

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/peptic_ulcers/article_em.htm

  With appropriate treatment, symptoms are relieved within a few days to weeks but the actual healing of the lining of the intestine or stomach may take a few weeks longer. […] Severe ulcers can have several complications. These usually develop in people who do not receive appropriate treatment. Complications of ulcers may require emergency treatment including endoscopy or surgery. […] Bleeding: Ulcers in the stomach or duodenum may bleed. […] Perforation: When an ulcer gets very bad, it can eat all the way through the stomach or intestinal wall. […] Obstruction: An ulcer causes inflammation. […] If this inflammation becomes chronic (ongoing, long lasting), it can cause swelling and scarring.

• #2 Peptic ulcer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/peptic-ulcer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354229

  Peptic ulcers that don’t heal with treatment are called refractory ulcers. Reasons for an ulcer not healing include: […] Treatment for refractory ulcers most often involves getting rid of factors that keep the ulcer from healing and trying other antibiotics. If you smoke, your healthcare professional may suggest you quit. Smoking can slow ulcer healing. […] A serious complication from an ulcer, such as bleeding or a hole in the stomach, may need treatment with endoscopy or surgery. But because there are many medicines that work well, people with peptic ulcers need surgery far less often than in the past.

• #2 Peptic ulcer: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000206.htm

  A peptic ulcer is an open sore or raw area in the lining of the stomach or intestine. […] Small ulcers may not cause any symptoms and may heal without treatment. Some ulcers can cause serious bleeding. Abdominal pain (often in the upper mid-abdomen) is a common symptom. The pain can differ from person to person. Some people have no pain. […] Pain occurs: In the upper abdomen, At night and wakes you up, When you feel an empty stomach, often 1 to 3 hours after a meal. […] Other symptoms include: Feeling of fullness and problems drinking as much fluid as usual, Nausea, Vomiting, Bloody or dark, tarry stools, Chest pain, Fatigue, Vomiting, possibly bloody, Weight loss, Ongoing heartburn. […] Peptic ulcers tend to come back if untreated. There is a good chance that the H pylori infection will be cured if you take your medicines and follow your provider’s advice. You will be much less likely to get another ulcer.

• #2 Peptic Ulcer Disease: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment & Medication

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/10350-peptic-ulcer-disease

  Most peptic ulcers heal within a few weeks. Most people will only need medication for about two months. Medications are very effective in treating peptic ulcers. […] Rarely, some people have persistent stomach ulcers that don’t respond to treatment or that keep coming back after treatment. They can cause chronic pain, excessive scarring and other complications.

• #2 Managing Your Peptic Ulcer – Symptoms & Treatment | Carle.org

  https://carle.org/conditions/digestive-health/peptic-ulcer-disease

  Peptic ulcers are small open sores in the stomach or upper intestine. The main symptom is stomach pain that may feel like heartburn, indigestion, or hunger. A burning, boring, or gnawing feeling can last from 30 minutes to 3 hours. It’s usually felt in the upper stomach area, but it sometimes occurs below the breastbone. Pain usually happens when the stomach is empty. It can also occur right after eating or hours later, depending on the location of the ulcer. […] Complications include bleeding and perforation (hole in the stomach or duodenum). Black, tarry stools and vomiting with blood or with what looks like coffee grounds material (blood mixed with stomach acid) indicate bleeding ulcers. […] Treatment heals the ulcer, helps symptoms, stops relapses, and avoids complications. With treatment, people usually start to feel better in about 2 weeks. Relapses can occur if the risk factors persist.

• #2 Peptic ulcer disease – discharge – UF Health

  https://ufhealth.org/care-sheets/peptic-ulcer-disease-discharge

  A peptic ulcer is an open sore or raw area in the lining of the stomach (gastric ulcer) or upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcer). […] You have peptic ulcer disease (PUD). You may have had tests to help diagnose your ulcer. One of these tests may have been to look for bacteria in your stomach called Helicobacter pylori (H pylori). This type of infection is a common cause of ulcers. […] Most peptic ulcers will heal within about 4 to 6 weeks after treatment begins. Do not stop taking the medicines you have been prescribed, even if symptoms go away quickly. […] Call your provider if: You have ulcer symptoms.

• #2 Peptic Ulcer: Causes, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.healthline.com/health/peptic-ulcer

  With proper treatment, most peptic ulcers heal. However, you may not heal if you stop taking your medication early or continue to use tobacco, alcohol, and nonsteroidal pain relievers during treatment. Some ulcers, called refractory ulcers, dont heal with treatment. If your ulcer doesnt heal with the initial treatment, this can indicate: an excessive production of stomach acid, presence of bacteria other than H. pylori in the stomach, another disease, such as stomach cancer or Crohns disease.

• #2 Peptic Ulcers (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/peptic-ulcers.html

  Peptic ulcers are open, painful sores that affect the stomach and the upper part of the small intestine, called the duodenum (doo-uh-DEE-num). […] Signs of a peptic ulcer include: most commonly, burning pain in the belly between the breastbone and the belly button, nausea, vomiting, chest pain (usually dull and achy), loss of appetite, burping or hiccupping a lot, weight loss, feeding problems, blood in vomit or bowel movements, which may look dark red or black. […] If your child has any of these signs and symptoms, call your doctor. […] Most H. pylori-related ulcers can be cured. Treatment involves taking two kinds of antibiotics for 2 weeks and an acid suppressor (antacid) for 2 months or longer. […] To be sure the treatment worked, doctors may order a stool test to see if the H. pylori bacteria are gone.

• #2 Ulcers (for Teens) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/ulcers.html

  Stomach pain is the most common sign of an ulcer. It usually feels like sharp aches between the breastbone and the belly button. This pain often comes a few hours after eating. It can also happen during the night or early in the morning, when the stomach is empty. Eating something or taking acid suppressor (antacid) medicine sometimes eases the pain. […] Other symptoms of ulcers can include: loss of appetite, sudden, sharp stomach pains, nausea, burping or hiccupping a lot, weight loss, vomiting (if there’s blood in the vomit or the vomit looks like coffee grounds, which only happens with severe ulcers, call a doctor right away), bloody or blackish bowel movements (this could be a sign of a serious problem, so call a doctor right away if you see this). […] An ulcer that’s not treated can grow larger and deeper. This can lead to other problems, such as bleeding in the digestive system or a hole in the wall of the stomach or duodenum, which can make someone very sick.

• #2

  https://www.healthxchange.sg/digestive-system/stomach/peptic-ulcers-symptoms

  Peptic ulcers can take many forms. Peptic ulcers are most commonly caused by bacteria infection or the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). A common symptom of a peptic ulcer is dull or burning abdominal discomfort (upper abdomen/lower chest). This discomfort usually occurs when the stomach is empty (between meals or during the night) and may be briefly relieved by taking food or antacids. Other symptoms include: Bloating, Burping, Nausea/vomiting, Poor appetite. Some people experience only mild symptoms or none at all. However, some may have the following emergency symptoms and should seek medical help immediately: Sharp, sudden, persistent, and severe stomach pain, Bloody or black stools, Bloody vomit or vomit that looks like coffee grounds. These symptoms could be signs of a serious problem, such as: Bleeding when acid or the peptic ulcer breaks a blood vessel, Perforation when the peptic ulcer burrows completely through the stomach or duodenal wall, Obstruction when the peptic ulcer blocks the path of food trying to leave the stomach. Studies have shown that the use of NSAIDs is a major risk factor for non-H. pylori-associated peptic ulcers, especially gastric ulcers. Moreover, NSAIDs increase the risk of peptic ulcer complications three- to five-fold, and are responsible for 15 to 35 per cent of all peptic ulcer complications. The annual risk of serious complications is 1 to 4 per cent with chronic NSAIDs use. The elderly are more likely to develop complications from NSAIDs-induced ulcers and to suffer increased morbidity and mortality from these complications.

• #2 Peptic ulcer Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/condition/peptic-ulcer

  These problems can be very serious, even life threatening […] Bleeding occurs in up to 15% of people with peptic ulcers […] Obstruction tends to happen where the stomach meets the small intestines […] If there is an ulcer at this point, swelling can occur, blocking food from passing through the digestive tract […] Vomiting is generally the main symptom […] H. pylori ulcers increase the risk of stomach cancer […] The good news is that the number of ulcers and their complications continue to decline as people seek early treatment for symptoms and the causes, like H. pylori and NSAIDs.

• #2 Stomach Ulcer: Signs, Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22314-stomach-ulcer

  Your stomach lining will begin to heal when the cause of the ulcer goes away. If you can make it go away without treatment for example, if your ulcer is due to NSAID use and you stop taking NSAIDs this might be enough for the ulcer to heal by itself. […] If you have an H. pylori infection, you’ll probably need antibiotics to make it go away. Your provider can also prescribe other medications to help reduce the acid in your stomach and protect your stomach lining to promote faster healing. […] Healthcare providers treat most ulcers with a combination of medications to reduce stomach acid, coat and protect the ulcer during healing, and kill any infection involved. […] Always seek medical care for a stomach ulcer. While you may be able to manage your symptoms temporarily with over-the-counter medications, like antacids and bismuth subsalicylate, these won’t heal the ulcer. You need to address the underlying cause. […] An untreated ulcer can lead to serious complications, even if you don’t have severe symptoms. The major cause of stomach ulcers, H. pylori infection, can also lead to other complications. For example, it’s a risk factor for developing stomach cancer.

• #2 Peptic ulcers: Symptoms, causes, and treatments

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/9273

  Peptic ulcers may not cause any noticeable symptoms. Some people may have mild discomfort, while others may experience a dull, burning pain in their stomach. […] In some cases, ulcers can cause severe signs and symptoms and bleeding. Signs the ulcer is bleeding include: vomiting blood, black and tarry stools, or stools with dark red blood, nausea and vomiting that is especially persistent and severe. […] These symptoms indicate a medical emergency. The affected person should contact a doctor immediately or call 911. […] Peptic ulcers can sometimes lead to complications that require additional treatment. The three most common complications include: internal bleeding, bowel obstruction, perforation, which is when the ulcer bores a hole through the wall of the stomach or small intestine. […] Peptic ulcers can recur. Having the first ulcer increases the risk of developing another one later. […] People can speak with a healthcare professional if they have symptoms of peptic ulcers, including persistent stomach pain, nausea, or vomiting.

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