Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Chagas Disease as an Emerging Infectious Disease in the USA: A CTSA-PBRN Pilot Project | Clinical Directors Network, Inc.

  https://www.cdnetwork.org/chagas

  Chagas disease, caused by protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, affects ~8 million people in Mexico, Central South America, and ~240,000-350,000 people in the USA. […] Diagnosing Chagas disease usually requires review of the patient history and history of potential exposure to insect vectors in endemic areas. […] Treatment is very effective if prescribed during the acute phase. […] Recommendations on How to Screen, Diagnose and Treat Chagas Disease at Federally Qualified Health Centers and Other Safety Net Healthcare Practices.

• #2 Chagas Disease – Infectious Diseases – MSD Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/extraintestinal-protozoa/chagas-disease

  Chagas disease is infection with Trypanosoma cruzi, transmitted by Triatominae bug bites or, less commonly, via ingestion of sugar cane juice or foods contaminated with infected Triatominae bugs or their feces, via blood transfusion or an organ transplant from an infected donor, or via maternal-fetal transmission. […] Treatment is with nifurtimox or benznidazole; however, antiparasitic drugs do not reverse the course of cardiac or intestinal disease that has developed. […] Antiparasitic treatment is indicated for all cases of acute, congenital, or reactivated Chagas disease and for chronic indeterminate infection in children up to age 18 years. […] The efficacy of treatment decreases as the duration of infection lengthens, and adverse effects are more likely in adults. […] Once signs of advanced cardiac or GI disease appear, antiparasitic drugs are not recommended.

• #3 Chagas Disease – Arkansas Department of Health

  https://healthy.arkansas.gov/programs-services/diseases-conditions/diseases-from-animals-insects/chagas-disease/

  Chagas disease is caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, which is transmitted to animals and people by an insect called a triatomine bug. Infection is most commonly acquired through contact with the feces of an infected triatomine bug (or “kissing bug”), a blood-sucking insect that feeds on humans and animals. […] Chagas disease has been found both in triatomine bugs and humans in Arkansas. […] If untreated, infection is lifelong and can be life-threatening. CDC estimates that more than 300,000 persons with Trypanosoma cruzi infection live in the United States. […] Chagas disease is not transmitted from person to person, like a cold or the flu, or through casual contact with infected people or animals.

• #4 Chagas Disease | What We Do | World Heart Federation

  https://world-heart-federation.org/what-we-do/chagas-disease/

  Chagas disease is found mainly in endemic areas of 21 continental Latin American countries. […] Treatment is urgently indicated for anyone during the acute phase and for those in whom the infection has been reactivated. In these situations, treatment is almost 100% effective, and the disease can be completely cured. […] During the acute phase, Chagas disease can be treated with two antiparasitic medicines: benznidazole and nifurtimox. Both medicines are nearly 100% effective in curing the disease if given soon after infection, including the cases of congenital transmission. […] Once Chagas disease reaches the chronic phase, medications won’t cure the disease, but they may help slow the progression of the disease and its most serious complications. […] During the late chronic phase, when cardiac or digestive manifestations may occur, additional lifelong medical treatment and surgery are usually indicated.

• #5 Clinical Care of Chagas Disease | Chagas Disease | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/chagas/hcp/clinical-care/index.html

  Antiparasitic treatment is necessary for all acute or reactivated Chagas cases. […] Antiparasitic treatment is indicated for all cases of acute or reactivated Chagas disease and for chronic T. cruzi infection in children up to age 18. […] Treatment is strongly recommended for adults up to 50 years old with chronic infection who do not already have advanced cardiomyopathy. […] For adults older than 50 years with chronic T. cruzi infection, the decision to treat with antiparasitic drugs should be individualized, weighing the potential benefits and risks for the patient. […] Physicians should consider factors such as the patient’s age, clinical status, preference, and overall health. […] Contraindications for treatment include severe hepatic and/or renal disease. […] About 20 30% of people with chronic Trypanosoma cruzi infection eventually develop clinical disease, predominantly cardiac disease.

• #6 Clinical Care of Chagas Disease | Chagas Disease | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/chagas/hcp/clinical-care/index.html

  Antiparasitic treatment is necessary for all acute or reactivated Chagas cases. […] Antiparasitic treatment is indicated for all cases of acute or reactivated Chagas disease and for chronic T. cruzi infection in children up to age 18. […] Treatment is strongly recommended for adults up to 50 years old with chronic infection who do not already have advanced cardiomyopathy. […] For adults older than 50 years with chronic T. cruzi infection, the decision to treat with antiparasitic drugs should be individualized, weighing the potential benefits and risks for the patient. […] Physicians should consider factors such as the patient’s age, clinical status, preference, and overall health. […] Contraindications for treatment include severe hepatic and/or renal disease. […] About 20 30% of people with chronic Trypanosoma cruzi infection eventually develop clinical disease, predominantly cardiac disease.

• #7 Clinical Care of Chagas Disease | Chagas Disease | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/chagas/hcp/clinical-care/index.html

  Antiparasitic treatment is necessary for all acute or reactivated Chagas cases. […] Antiparasitic treatment is indicated for all cases of acute or reactivated Chagas disease and for chronic T. cruzi infection in children up to age 18. […] Treatment is strongly recommended for adults up to 50 years old with chronic infection who do not already have advanced cardiomyopathy. […] For adults older than 50 years with chronic T. cruzi infection, the decision to treat with antiparasitic drugs should be individualized, weighing the potential benefits and risks for the patient. […] Physicians should consider factors such as the patient’s age, clinical status, preference, and overall health. […] Contraindications for treatment include severe hepatic and/or renal disease. […] About 20 30% of people with chronic Trypanosoma cruzi infection eventually develop clinical disease, predominantly cardiac disease.

• #8 Chagas Disease | What We Do | World Heart Federation

  https://world-heart-federation.org/what-we-do/chagas-disease/

  Chagas disease is found mainly in endemic areas of 21 continental Latin American countries. […] Treatment is urgently indicated for anyone during the acute phase and for those in whom the infection has been reactivated. In these situations, treatment is almost 100% effective, and the disease can be completely cured. […] During the acute phase, Chagas disease can be treated with two antiparasitic medicines: benznidazole and nifurtimox. Both medicines are nearly 100% effective in curing the disease if given soon after infection, including the cases of congenital transmission. […] Once Chagas disease reaches the chronic phase, medications won’t cure the disease, but they may help slow the progression of the disease and its most serious complications. […] During the late chronic phase, when cardiac or digestive manifestations may occur, additional lifelong medical treatment and surgery are usually indicated.

• #9 Chagas disease – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chagas-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20356218

  Treatment for Chagas disease is to kill the parasite and ease symptoms. […] During the acute phase of Chagas disease, the medicines benznidazole and nifurtimox (Lampit) may help. […] Once Chagas disease becomes chronic, medicines won’t cure the disease. But the medicines may be offered to help slow the disease and its most serious complications. […] Other treatment depends on the symptoms. […] Heart-related complications. Treatment may include medicines, a pacemaker or other devices to control heart rhythm. Surgery, or even a heart transplant, might be needed. […] Digestive complications. Treatment may include diet changes, medicines and corticosteroids. In severe cases, surgery might be needed.

• #10 Chagas Disease | What We Do | World Heart Federation

  https://world-heart-federation.org/what-we-do/chagas-disease/

  Chagas disease is found mainly in endemic areas of 21 continental Latin American countries. […] Treatment is urgently indicated for anyone during the acute phase and for those in whom the infection has been reactivated. In these situations, treatment is almost 100% effective, and the disease can be completely cured. […] During the acute phase, Chagas disease can be treated with two antiparasitic medicines: benznidazole and nifurtimox. Both medicines are nearly 100% effective in curing the disease if given soon after infection, including the cases of congenital transmission. […] Once Chagas disease reaches the chronic phase, medications won’t cure the disease, but they may help slow the progression of the disease and its most serious complications. […] During the late chronic phase, when cardiac or digestive manifestations may occur, additional lifelong medical treatment and surgery are usually indicated.

• #11 Chagas Disease | What We Do | World Heart Federation

  https://world-heart-federation.org/what-we-do/chagas-disease/

  Chagas disease is found mainly in endemic areas of 21 continental Latin American countries. […] Treatment is urgently indicated for anyone during the acute phase and for those in whom the infection has been reactivated. In these situations, treatment is almost 100% effective, and the disease can be completely cured. […] During the acute phase, Chagas disease can be treated with two antiparasitic medicines: benznidazole and nifurtimox. Both medicines are nearly 100% effective in curing the disease if given soon after infection, including the cases of congenital transmission. […] Once Chagas disease reaches the chronic phase, medications won’t cure the disease, but they may help slow the progression of the disease and its most serious complications. […] During the late chronic phase, when cardiac or digestive manifestations may occur, additional lifelong medical treatment and surgery are usually indicated.

• #12 Chagas disease – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chagas-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20356218

  Treatment for Chagas disease is to kill the parasite and ease symptoms. […] During the acute phase of Chagas disease, the medicines benznidazole and nifurtimox (Lampit) may help. […] Once Chagas disease becomes chronic, medicines won’t cure the disease. But the medicines may be offered to help slow the disease and its most serious complications. […] Other treatment depends on the symptoms. […] Heart-related complications. Treatment may include medicines, a pacemaker or other devices to control heart rhythm. Surgery, or even a heart transplant, might be needed. […] Digestive complications. Treatment may include diet changes, medicines and corticosteroids. In severe cases, surgery might be needed.

• #13 Chagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis) Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/214581-treatment

  The goals of therapy in persons with Trypanosoma cruzi infection are to eliminate the parasites with specific drug treatment and to manage the signs and symptoms that result from the largely irreversible lesions associated with the disease. […] In general, the younger the patient and the closer to acquisition of the infection, the higher the probability of parasitologic cure. Babies with congenital Chagas disease have the greatest chance for cure. […] The current evidence-based consensus concerning treatment of T cruzi infection is that chronically infected children and adolescents up to 18 years of age should be treated with either benznidazole or nifurtimox. […] In addition, there is broad agreement that all women of childbearing age should be given a full course of treatment. […] These data indicate clearly that specific pre-pregnancy treatment of chronic T cruzi infection has a marked suppressive effect on the likelihood of subsequent congenital transmission, and it seems likely that treating all infected women of child-bearing age who are not pregnant will become the standard of care.

• #14 Chagas disease – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chagas-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20356218

  Treatment for Chagas disease is to kill the parasite and ease symptoms. […] During the acute phase of Chagas disease, the medicines benznidazole and nifurtimox (Lampit) may help. […] Once Chagas disease becomes chronic, medicines won’t cure the disease. But the medicines may be offered to help slow the disease and its most serious complications. […] Other treatment depends on the symptoms. […] Heart-related complications. Treatment may include medicines, a pacemaker or other devices to control heart rhythm. Surgery, or even a heart transplant, might be needed. […] Digestive complications. Treatment may include diet changes, medicines and corticosteroids. In severe cases, surgery might be needed.

• #15 Chagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis) Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/214581-treatment

  The goals of therapy in persons with Trypanosoma cruzi infection are to eliminate the parasites with specific drug treatment and to manage the signs and symptoms that result from the largely irreversible lesions associated with the disease. […] In general, the younger the patient and the closer to acquisition of the infection, the higher the probability of parasitologic cure. Babies with congenital Chagas disease have the greatest chance for cure. […] The current evidence-based consensus concerning treatment of T cruzi infection is that chronically infected children and adolescents up to 18 years of age should be treated with either benznidazole or nifurtimox. […] In addition, there is broad agreement that all women of childbearing age should be given a full course of treatment. […] These data indicate clearly that specific pre-pregnancy treatment of chronic T cruzi infection has a marked suppressive effect on the likelihood of subsequent congenital transmission, and it seems likely that treating all infected women of child-bearing age who are not pregnant will become the standard of care.

• #16 Chagas disease: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001372.htm

  Chagas disease is an illness caused by tiny parasites and spread by insects. The disease is common in South and Central America. […] The acute phase of reactivated Chagas disease should be treated. Infants born with the infection should also be treated. […] Treating the chronic phase is recommended for children and most adults. Adults with chronic phase Chagas disease should talk to their health care provider to decide whether treatment is needed. […] Two medicines are used to treat this infection: benznidazole and nifurtimox. […] Both medicines often have side effects. The side effects may be worse in older people. […] Contact your provider for an appointment if you think you may have Chagas disease. […] Insect control with insecticides and houses that are less likely to have high insect populations will help control the spread of the disease.

• #17 FloridaHealthFinder | Chagas disease | Health Encyclopedia | FloridaHealthFinder

  https://quality.healthfinder.fl.gov/health-encyclopedia/HIE/1/001372

  The acute phase of reactivated Chagas disease should be treated. Infants born with the infection should also be treated. […] Treating the chronic phase is recommended for children and most adults. Adults with chronic phase Chagas disease should talk to their health care provider to decide whether treatment is needed. […] Two drugs are used to treat this infection: benznidazole and nifurtimox. […] Both drugs often have side effects. The side effects may be worse in older people.

• #18 Chagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis) Follow-up: Further Outpatient Care, Further Inpatient Care, Deterrence/Prevention

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/214581-followup

  Monitor infants born to mothers with T cruzi infection. Infants who are parasite-negative at birth should be tested serologically at 6 and 9 months, after maternal antibodies have disappeared. Treatment should be instituted when results are positive. […] Persons with chronic T cruzi infection should undergo electrocardiography every 6-12 months to look for dysrhythmias (see Other Tests). […] Patients with clinically manifest cardiac or gastrointestinal Chagas disease should be managed by appropriate specialists (see Consultations). […] Weekly white blood cell counts should be performed in patients being treated with benznidazole to evaluate for agranulocytosis. […] Immunosuppressed persons with T cruzi infection who have unexplained febrile illnesses should be evaluated parasitologically for reactivation of the infection.

• #19 Chagas Disease – Infectious Diseases – MSD Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/extraintestinal-protozoa/chagas-disease

  Chagas disease is infection with Trypanosoma cruzi, transmitted by Triatominae bug bites or, less commonly, via ingestion of sugar cane juice or foods contaminated with infected Triatominae bugs or their feces, via blood transfusion or an organ transplant from an infected donor, or via maternal-fetal transmission. […] Treatment is with nifurtimox or benznidazole; however, antiparasitic drugs do not reverse the course of cardiac or intestinal disease that has developed. […] Antiparasitic treatment is indicated for all cases of acute, congenital, or reactivated Chagas disease and for chronic indeterminate infection in children up to age 18 years. […] The efficacy of treatment decreases as the duration of infection lengthens, and adverse effects are more likely in adults. […] Once signs of advanced cardiac or GI disease appear, antiparasitic drugs are not recommended.

• #20 Chagas Disease – Infectious Diseases – MSD Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/extraintestinal-protozoa/chagas-disease

  Chagas disease is infection with Trypanosoma cruzi, transmitted by Triatominae bug bites or, less commonly, via ingestion of sugar cane juice or foods contaminated with infected Triatominae bugs or their feces, via blood transfusion or an organ transplant from an infected donor, or via maternal-fetal transmission. […] Treatment is with nifurtimox or benznidazole; however, antiparasitic drugs do not reverse the course of cardiac or intestinal disease that has developed. […] Antiparasitic treatment is indicated for all cases of acute, congenital, or reactivated Chagas disease and for chronic indeterminate infection in children up to age 18 years. […] The efficacy of treatment decreases as the duration of infection lengthens, and adverse effects are more likely in adults. […] Once signs of advanced cardiac or GI disease appear, antiparasitic drugs are not recommended.

• #21 Chagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis) Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/214581-treatment

  The usefulness of corticosteroids or interferon- in patients with acute Chagasic myocarditis or meningoencephalitis has not been established. […] There is a general consensus among Chagas experts that persons who have already developed cardiac or gastrointestinal symptoms should not be given antiparasitic treatment. […] As with diagnostic procedures, the medical treatment of cardiac and gastrointestinal signs and symptoms attributable to Chagas disease is similar to that instituted for similar problems caused by other etiologies. Such patients should be referred to appropriate subspecialists for evaluation and management.

• #22 Multidisciplinary nursing care in chronic Chagas disease: a scoping review

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11734354/

  Nurses provide essential care for symptomatic chronic Chagas disease carriers, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, offering crucial support, symptom management, medication administration, and monitoring to enhance their health-related quality of life. […] Nurses play a critical role within a multidisciplinary care team in improving the health-related quality of life for individuals living with chronic Chagas disease, irrespective of the cardiac or digestive form of the disease. Therefore, it is essential to assess both the subjective and objective needs of infected individuals in order to develop tailored nursing care plans that address their individualized needs and clinical conditions. […] Nursing care plays a crucial role in the lives of patients with chronic CD, as the disease has a negative impact on their health and daily activities, requiring them to adapt to their clinical condition. Strategies need to be developed to address the detrimental effects on their HRQoL.

• #23 Nursing care for people with Chagas disease: a scoping review

  https://www.redalyc.org/journal/3595/359578638014/html/

  Chagas disease is an infectious disease caused by the parasitism process of the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. Given its potential for chronicity, nursing care in the health care of patients with Chagas disease will provide an improvement in quality of life and the prognosis of the disease. […] The review identified 12 relevant publications that emphasized health care, education, relationships, disease prevention and health promotion. The most frequent and diverse nursing diagnoses were related to the Activity/Rest, Health Promotion and Coping/Stress domains. […] To meet the care needs of Chagas disease, it is essential to ensure nursing care that recognizes individualities, highlighting the importance of creating tools that facilitate the nursing process. […] The need for comprehensive nursing care that meets the main needs of individuals with Chagas disease is emphasized, considering their unique circumstances. Developing tools to support the nursing process is essential to improve the results of care for this population.

• #24 Multidisciplinary nursing care in chronic Chagas disease: a scoping review

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11734354/

  Nurses provide essential care for symptomatic chronic Chagas disease carriers, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, offering crucial support, symptom management, medication administration, and monitoring to enhance their health-related quality of life. […] Nurses play a critical role within a multidisciplinary care team in improving the health-related quality of life for individuals living with chronic Chagas disease, irrespective of the cardiac or digestive form of the disease. Therefore, it is essential to assess both the subjective and objective needs of infected individuals in order to develop tailored nursing care plans that address their individualized needs and clinical conditions. […] Nursing care plays a crucial role in the lives of patients with chronic CD, as the disease has a negative impact on their health and daily activities, requiring them to adapt to their clinical condition. Strategies need to be developed to address the detrimental effects on their HRQoL.

• #25 Multidisciplinary nursing care in chronic Chagas disease: a scoping review

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11734354/

  Nurses provide essential care for symptomatic chronic Chagas disease carriers, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, offering crucial support, symptom management, medication administration, and monitoring to enhance their health-related quality of life. […] Nurses play a critical role within a multidisciplinary care team in improving the health-related quality of life for individuals living with chronic Chagas disease, irrespective of the cardiac or digestive form of the disease. Therefore, it is essential to assess both the subjective and objective needs of infected individuals in order to develop tailored nursing care plans that address their individualized needs and clinical conditions. […] Nursing care plays a crucial role in the lives of patients with chronic CD, as the disease has a negative impact on their health and daily activities, requiring them to adapt to their clinical condition. Strategies need to be developed to address the detrimental effects on their HRQoL.

• #26 Multidisciplinary nursing care in chronic Chagas disease: a scoping review

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11734354/

  Nurses and technicians should actively promote and implement health promotion measures to prevent exposure to factors that may worsen the condition. […] The nursing care plan (NCP) should support the multidisciplinary team, provide a structured overview of the patient’s nursing history, collect relevant patient information, and assist in identifying and managing challenges related to the condition. […] Nurses possess the necessary qualifications to work across various healthcare levels and make valuable contributions to patient education and treatment supervision, especially among vulnerable groups. […] Nurses play a vital role in promoting self-care and tailoring treatment plans to meet each patient’s lifestyle and specific needs.

• #27 Multidisciplinary nursing care in chronic Chagas disease: a scoping review

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11734354/

  Nurses and technicians should actively promote and implement health promotion measures to prevent exposure to factors that may worsen the condition. […] The nursing care plan (NCP) should support the multidisciplinary team, provide a structured overview of the patient’s nursing history, collect relevant patient information, and assist in identifying and managing challenges related to the condition. […] Nurses possess the necessary qualifications to work across various healthcare levels and make valuable contributions to patient education and treatment supervision, especially among vulnerable groups. […] Nurses play a vital role in promoting self-care and tailoring treatment plans to meet each patient’s lifestyle and specific needs.

• #28 Nursing care for people with Chagas disease: a scoping review

  https://www.redalyc.org/journal/3595/359578638014/html/

  The main points highlighted by the selected studies on nursing care for people with Chagas disease were related to the health education process, longitudinal follow-up, healthy living habits, general nursing care during hospitalization, and the use of nursing diagnoses. […] Nursing professionals play an important role in the health education process for the self-care of people who have some type of chronic disease. It is no different for Chagas disease, considering that information, education and communication practices for health professionals and communities influence the improvement of testing and treatment demands, in addition to the quality of care provided to the population. […] The creation and use of nursing instruments specific to the reality of people with Chagas disease are important for the development of quality care, with adequate scientific knowledge.

• #29 Nursing care for people with Chagas disease: a scoping review

  http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2216-09732024000100012

  The domains with the highest frequency and diversity of Nursing Diagnoses were Activity/rest (Domain 4), Health Promotion (Domain 1), and Coping/stress tolerance (Domain 9), respectively. […] It was observed that assistance through the nursing process has the role of developing care concerning Chagas disease in a more effective way. […] Other areas of nursing activity in Chagas disease were identified, being a cross-cutting line of care for this, but also other, more diverse professions in the health area. […] All studies included in this review brought examples of interventions in professional nursing practice that can be performed for people with Chagas disease, at the hospital and outpatient levels. […] The main points highlighted by the selected studies on nursing care for people with Chagas disease were related to the health education process, longitudinal follow-up, healthy living habits, general nursing care during hospitalization, and the use of nursing diagnoses.

• #30 Nursing care for people with Chagas disease: a scoping review

  https://www.redalyc.org/journal/3595/359578638014/html/

  The main points highlighted by the selected studies on nursing care for people with Chagas disease were related to the health education process, longitudinal follow-up, healthy living habits, general nursing care during hospitalization, and the use of nursing diagnoses. […] Nursing professionals play an important role in the health education process for the self-care of people who have some type of chronic disease. It is no different for Chagas disease, considering that information, education and communication practices for health professionals and communities influence the improvement of testing and treatment demands, in addition to the quality of care provided to the population. […] The creation and use of nursing instruments specific to the reality of people with Chagas disease are important for the development of quality care, with adequate scientific knowledge.

• #31 Nursing care for people with Chagas disease: a scoping review

  https://www.redalyc.org/journal/3595/359578638014/html/

  The main points highlighted by the selected studies on nursing care for people with Chagas disease were related to the health education process, longitudinal follow-up, healthy living habits, general nursing care during hospitalization, and the use of nursing diagnoses. […] Nursing professionals play an important role in the health education process for the self-care of people who have some type of chronic disease. It is no different for Chagas disease, considering that information, education and communication practices for health professionals and communities influence the improvement of testing and treatment demands, in addition to the quality of care provided to the population. […] The creation and use of nursing instruments specific to the reality of people with Chagas disease are important for the development of quality care, with adequate scientific knowledge.

• #32 Nursing care for people with Chagas disease: a scoping review

  https://www.redalyc.org/journal/3595/359578638014/html/

  The main points highlighted by the selected studies on nursing care for people with Chagas disease were related to the health education process, longitudinal follow-up, healthy living habits, general nursing care during hospitalization, and the use of nursing diagnoses. […] Nursing professionals play an important role in the health education process for the self-care of people who have some type of chronic disease. It is no different for Chagas disease, considering that information, education and communication practices for health professionals and communities influence the improvement of testing and treatment demands, in addition to the quality of care provided to the population. […] The creation and use of nursing instruments specific to the reality of people with Chagas disease are important for the development of quality care, with adequate scientific knowledge.

• #33 Nursing care for people with Chagas disease: a scoping review

  https://www.redalyc.org/journal/3595/359578638014/html/

  The main points highlighted by the selected studies on nursing care for people with Chagas disease were related to the health education process, longitudinal follow-up, healthy living habits, general nursing care during hospitalization, and the use of nursing diagnoses. […] Nursing professionals play an important role in the health education process for the self-care of people who have some type of chronic disease. It is no different for Chagas disease, considering that information, education and communication practices for health professionals and communities influence the improvement of testing and treatment demands, in addition to the quality of care provided to the population. […] The creation and use of nursing instruments specific to the reality of people with Chagas disease are important for the development of quality care, with adequate scientific knowledge.

• #34 Nursing care for people with Chagas disease: a scoping review

  http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2216-09732024000100012

  The domains with the highest frequency and diversity of Nursing Diagnoses were Activity/rest (Domain 4), Health Promotion (Domain 1), and Coping/stress tolerance (Domain 9), respectively. […] It was observed that assistance through the nursing process has the role of developing care concerning Chagas disease in a more effective way. […] Other areas of nursing activity in Chagas disease were identified, being a cross-cutting line of care for this, but also other, more diverse professions in the health area. […] All studies included in this review brought examples of interventions in professional nursing practice that can be performed for people with Chagas disease, at the hospital and outpatient levels. […] The main points highlighted by the selected studies on nursing care for people with Chagas disease were related to the health education process, longitudinal follow-up, healthy living habits, general nursing care during hospitalization, and the use of nursing diagnoses.

• #35 Nursing care for people with Chagas disease: a scoping review

  https://www.redalyc.org/journal/3595/359578638014/html/

  Chagas disease is an infectious disease caused by the parasitism process of the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. Given its potential for chronicity, nursing care in the health care of patients with Chagas disease will provide an improvement in quality of life and the prognosis of the disease. […] The review identified 12 relevant publications that emphasized health care, education, relationships, disease prevention and health promotion. The most frequent and diverse nursing diagnoses were related to the Activity/Rest, Health Promotion and Coping/Stress domains. […] To meet the care needs of Chagas disease, it is essential to ensure nursing care that recognizes individualities, highlighting the importance of creating tools that facilitate the nursing process. […] The need for comprehensive nursing care that meets the main needs of individuals with Chagas disease is emphasized, considering their unique circumstances. Developing tools to support the nursing process is essential to improve the results of care for this population.

• #36 Multidisciplinary nursing care in chronic Chagas disease: a scoping review

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11734354/

  Nurses and technicians should actively promote and implement health promotion measures to prevent exposure to factors that may worsen the condition. […] The nursing care plan (NCP) should support the multidisciplinary team, provide a structured overview of the patient’s nursing history, collect relevant patient information, and assist in identifying and managing challenges related to the condition. […] Nurses possess the necessary qualifications to work across various healthcare levels and make valuable contributions to patient education and treatment supervision, especially among vulnerable groups. […] Nurses play a vital role in promoting self-care and tailoring treatment plans to meet each patient’s lifestyle and specific needs.

• #37 Nursing care for people with Chagas disease: a scoping review

  https://www.redalyc.org/journal/3595/359578638014/html/

  The main points highlighted by the selected studies on nursing care for people with Chagas disease were related to the health education process, longitudinal follow-up, healthy living habits, general nursing care during hospitalization, and the use of nursing diagnoses. […] Nursing professionals play an important role in the health education process for the self-care of people who have some type of chronic disease. It is no different for Chagas disease, considering that information, education and communication practices for health professionals and communities influence the improvement of testing and treatment demands, in addition to the quality of care provided to the population. […] The creation and use of nursing instruments specific to the reality of people with Chagas disease are important for the development of quality care, with adequate scientific knowledge.

• #38 Multidisciplinary nursing care in chronic Chagas disease: a scoping review

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11734354/

  Nurses and technicians should actively promote and implement health promotion measures to prevent exposure to factors that may worsen the condition. […] The nursing care plan (NCP) should support the multidisciplinary team, provide a structured overview of the patient’s nursing history, collect relevant patient information, and assist in identifying and managing challenges related to the condition. […] Nurses possess the necessary qualifications to work across various healthcare levels and make valuable contributions to patient education and treatment supervision, especially among vulnerable groups. […] Nurses play a vital role in promoting self-care and tailoring treatment plans to meet each patient’s lifestyle and specific needs.

• #39 Nursing care for people with Chagas disease: a scoping review

  http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2216-09732024000100012

  The lifestyle of people living with chronic diseases, such as Chagas disease, is a point of need for discussion, given that these people often need to adjust various aspects of their daily lives when receiving this type of diagnosis. […] Nursing professionals play an important role in the health education process for the self-care of people who have some type of chronic disease. […] The creation and use of nursing instruments specific to the reality of people with Chagas disease are important for the development of quality care, with adequate scientific knowledge.

• #40 Clinical Care of Chagas Disease | Chagas Disease | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/chagas/hcp/clinical-care/index.html

  Cardiac disease usually begins with conduction abnormalities such as right bundle branch block and/or left anterior fascicular block, which may be followed years later by dilated cardiomyopathy. […] Less frequently, patients with Chagas disease experience gastrointestinal disease (megasyndromes). […] Once the characteristic pathology is established (e.g., dilated cardiomyopathy, megaesophagus), antiparasitic treatment will not reverse it.

• #41 Clinical Care of Chagas Disease | Chagas Disease | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/chagas/hcp/clinical-care/index.html

  Cardiac disease usually begins with conduction abnormalities such as right bundle branch block and/or left anterior fascicular block, which may be followed years later by dilated cardiomyopathy. […] Less frequently, patients with Chagas disease experience gastrointestinal disease (megasyndromes). […] Once the characteristic pathology is established (e.g., dilated cardiomyopathy, megaesophagus), antiparasitic treatment will not reverse it.

• #42 Chagas disease – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chagas-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20356218

  Treatment for Chagas disease is to kill the parasite and ease symptoms. […] During the acute phase of Chagas disease, the medicines benznidazole and nifurtimox (Lampit) may help. […] Once Chagas disease becomes chronic, medicines won’t cure the disease. But the medicines may be offered to help slow the disease and its most serious complications. […] Other treatment depends on the symptoms. […] Heart-related complications. Treatment may include medicines, a pacemaker or other devices to control heart rhythm. Surgery, or even a heart transplant, might be needed. […] Digestive complications. Treatment may include diet changes, medicines and corticosteroids. In severe cases, surgery might be needed.

• #43 Chagas disease | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/chagas-disease

  During the first phase of infection, treatment of Chagas disease aims to kill the parasite. Later, it’s no longer possible to kill the parasite. Treatment in this later phase is about managing symptoms. […] Treatment for Chagas disease is to kill the parasite and ease symptoms. […] Once Chagas disease becomes chronic, medicines won’t cure the disease. But the medicines may be offered to help slow the disease and its most serious complications. […] Other treatment depends on the symptoms. […] Heart-related complications. Treatment may include medicines, a pacemaker or other devices to control heart rhythm. Surgery, or even a heart transplant, might be needed. […] Digestive complications. Treatment may include diet changes, medicines and corticosteroids. In severe cases, surgery might be needed.

• #44 Chagas disease – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chagas-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20356218

  Treatment for Chagas disease is to kill the parasite and ease symptoms. […] During the acute phase of Chagas disease, the medicines benznidazole and nifurtimox (Lampit) may help. […] Once Chagas disease becomes chronic, medicines won’t cure the disease. But the medicines may be offered to help slow the disease and its most serious complications. […] Other treatment depends on the symptoms. […] Heart-related complications. Treatment may include medicines, a pacemaker or other devices to control heart rhythm. Surgery, or even a heart transplant, might be needed. […] Digestive complications. Treatment may include diet changes, medicines and corticosteroids. In severe cases, surgery might be needed.

• #45 Chagas Disease – Infectious Diseases – MSD Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/extraintestinal-protozoa/chagas-disease

  Supportive measures include treatment for heart failure, pacemakers for heart block, antiarrhythmic medications, cardiac transplantation, esophageal dilation, botulinum toxin injection into the lower esophageal sphincter, and GI tract surgery for megacolon. […] Antiparasitic drugs are not effective in patients with advanced Chagas cardiac or gastrointestinal disease, but supportive measures (eg, treatment of heart failure, pacemakers for heart block, antiarrhythmic drugs, cardiac transplantation, esophageal dilation, botulinum toxin injection into the lower esophageal sphincter, GI tract surgery) are often helpful.

• #46 Chagas disease – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chagas-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20356218

  Treatment for Chagas disease is to kill the parasite and ease symptoms. […] During the acute phase of Chagas disease, the medicines benznidazole and nifurtimox (Lampit) may help. […] Once Chagas disease becomes chronic, medicines won’t cure the disease. But the medicines may be offered to help slow the disease and its most serious complications. […] Other treatment depends on the symptoms. […] Heart-related complications. Treatment may include medicines, a pacemaker or other devices to control heart rhythm. Surgery, or even a heart transplant, might be needed. […] Digestive complications. Treatment may include diet changes, medicines and corticosteroids. In severe cases, surgery might be needed.

• #47 Chagas disease | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/chagas-disease

  During the first phase of infection, treatment of Chagas disease aims to kill the parasite. Later, it’s no longer possible to kill the parasite. Treatment in this later phase is about managing symptoms. […] Treatment for Chagas disease is to kill the parasite and ease symptoms. […] Once Chagas disease becomes chronic, medicines won’t cure the disease. But the medicines may be offered to help slow the disease and its most serious complications. […] Other treatment depends on the symptoms. […] Heart-related complications. Treatment may include medicines, a pacemaker or other devices to control heart rhythm. Surgery, or even a heart transplant, might be needed. […] Digestive complications. Treatment may include diet changes, medicines and corticosteroids. In severe cases, surgery might be needed.

• #48 Chagas Disease – Infectious Diseases – MSD Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/extraintestinal-protozoa/chagas-disease

  Supportive measures include treatment for heart failure, pacemakers for heart block, antiarrhythmic medications, cardiac transplantation, esophageal dilation, botulinum toxin injection into the lower esophageal sphincter, and GI tract surgery for megacolon. […] Antiparasitic drugs are not effective in patients with advanced Chagas cardiac or gastrointestinal disease, but supportive measures (eg, treatment of heart failure, pacemakers for heart block, antiarrhythmic drugs, cardiac transplantation, esophageal dilation, botulinum toxin injection into the lower esophageal sphincter, GI tract surgery) are often helpful.

• #49 Chagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis) Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/214581-treatment

  The usefulness of corticosteroids or interferon- in patients with acute Chagasic myocarditis or meningoencephalitis has not been established. […] There is a general consensus among Chagas experts that persons who have already developed cardiac or gastrointestinal symptoms should not be given antiparasitic treatment. […] As with diagnostic procedures, the medical treatment of cardiac and gastrointestinal signs and symptoms attributable to Chagas disease is similar to that instituted for similar problems caused by other etiologies. Such patients should be referred to appropriate subspecialists for evaluation and management.

• #50 Chagas disease – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chagas-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20356218

  Treatment for Chagas disease is to kill the parasite and ease symptoms. […] During the acute phase of Chagas disease, the medicines benznidazole and nifurtimox (Lampit) may help. […] Once Chagas disease becomes chronic, medicines won’t cure the disease. But the medicines may be offered to help slow the disease and its most serious complications. […] Other treatment depends on the symptoms. […] Heart-related complications. Treatment may include medicines, a pacemaker or other devices to control heart rhythm. Surgery, or even a heart transplant, might be needed. […] Digestive complications. Treatment may include diet changes, medicines and corticosteroids. In severe cases, surgery might be needed.

• #51 Chagas disease | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/chagas-disease

  During the first phase of infection, treatment of Chagas disease aims to kill the parasite. Later, it’s no longer possible to kill the parasite. Treatment in this later phase is about managing symptoms. […] Treatment for Chagas disease is to kill the parasite and ease symptoms. […] Once Chagas disease becomes chronic, medicines won’t cure the disease. But the medicines may be offered to help slow the disease and its most serious complications. […] Other treatment depends on the symptoms. […] Heart-related complications. Treatment may include medicines, a pacemaker or other devices to control heart rhythm. Surgery, or even a heart transplant, might be needed. […] Digestive complications. Treatment may include diet changes, medicines and corticosteroids. In severe cases, surgery might be needed.

• #52 Chagas disease – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chagas-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20356218

  Treatment for Chagas disease is to kill the parasite and ease symptoms. […] During the acute phase of Chagas disease, the medicines benznidazole and nifurtimox (Lampit) may help. […] Once Chagas disease becomes chronic, medicines won’t cure the disease. But the medicines may be offered to help slow the disease and its most serious complications. […] Other treatment depends on the symptoms. […] Heart-related complications. Treatment may include medicines, a pacemaker or other devices to control heart rhythm. Surgery, or even a heart transplant, might be needed. […] Digestive complications. Treatment may include diet changes, medicines and corticosteroids. In severe cases, surgery might be needed.

• #53 Chagas disease | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/chagas-disease

  During the first phase of infection, treatment of Chagas disease aims to kill the parasite. Later, it’s no longer possible to kill the parasite. Treatment in this later phase is about managing symptoms. […] Treatment for Chagas disease is to kill the parasite and ease symptoms. […] Once Chagas disease becomes chronic, medicines won’t cure the disease. But the medicines may be offered to help slow the disease and its most serious complications. […] Other treatment depends on the symptoms. […] Heart-related complications. Treatment may include medicines, a pacemaker or other devices to control heart rhythm. Surgery, or even a heart transplant, might be needed. […] Digestive complications. Treatment may include diet changes, medicines and corticosteroids. In severe cases, surgery might be needed.

• #54 Chagas disease – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chagas-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20356218

  Treatment for Chagas disease is to kill the parasite and ease symptoms. […] During the acute phase of Chagas disease, the medicines benznidazole and nifurtimox (Lampit) may help. […] Once Chagas disease becomes chronic, medicines won’t cure the disease. But the medicines may be offered to help slow the disease and its most serious complications. […] Other treatment depends on the symptoms. […] Heart-related complications. Treatment may include medicines, a pacemaker or other devices to control heart rhythm. Surgery, or even a heart transplant, might be needed. […] Digestive complications. Treatment may include diet changes, medicines and corticosteroids. In severe cases, surgery might be needed.

• #55 Chagas disease | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/chagas-disease

  During the first phase of infection, treatment of Chagas disease aims to kill the parasite. Later, it’s no longer possible to kill the parasite. Treatment in this later phase is about managing symptoms. […] Treatment for Chagas disease is to kill the parasite and ease symptoms. […] Once Chagas disease becomes chronic, medicines won’t cure the disease. But the medicines may be offered to help slow the disease and its most serious complications. […] Other treatment depends on the symptoms. […] Heart-related complications. Treatment may include medicines, a pacemaker or other devices to control heart rhythm. Surgery, or even a heart transplant, might be needed. […] Digestive complications. Treatment may include diet changes, medicines and corticosteroids. In severe cases, surgery might be needed.

• #56 Chagas Disease – Infectious Diseases – MSD Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/extraintestinal-protozoa/chagas-disease

  Supportive measures include treatment for heart failure, pacemakers for heart block, antiarrhythmic medications, cardiac transplantation, esophageal dilation, botulinum toxin injection into the lower esophageal sphincter, and GI tract surgery for megacolon. […] Antiparasitic drugs are not effective in patients with advanced Chagas cardiac or gastrointestinal disease, but supportive measures (eg, treatment of heart failure, pacemakers for heart block, antiarrhythmic drugs, cardiac transplantation, esophageal dilation, botulinum toxin injection into the lower esophageal sphincter, GI tract surgery) are often helpful.

• #57

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/chagas-disease-(american-trypanosomiasis)

  Chagas disease is curable if antiparasitic treatment is initiated early, in the acute phase. In chronic infection, the treatment and follow up can potentially prevent or curb disease progression and prevent transmission, for instance, during pregnancy and birth. […] Adults with infection, especially those with no symptoms, should be offered treatment because antiparasitic medicines can also prevent or curb disease progression. […] Additionally, life-lasting follow up and specific treatment for cardiac, digestive or neurological manifestations are usually required. […] All health professionals, beginning at the first level of care (primary health care), and appropriately trained and updated, have a crucial role in enhancing the detection, treatment, follow-up, and notification of cases.

• #58

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/chagas-disease-(american-trypanosomiasis)

  Chagas disease is curable if antiparasitic treatment is initiated early, in the acute phase. In chronic infection, the treatment and follow up can potentially prevent or curb disease progression and prevent transmission, for instance, during pregnancy and birth. […] Adults with infection, especially those with no symptoms, should be offered treatment because antiparasitic medicines can also prevent or curb disease progression. […] Additionally, life-lasting follow up and specific treatment for cardiac, digestive or neurological manifestations are usually required. […] All health professionals, beginning at the first level of care (primary health care), and appropriately trained and updated, have a crucial role in enhancing the detection, treatment, follow-up, and notification of cases.

• #59 Integrating Chagas Disease Screening Into Primary Health Care < Yale School of Medicine

  https://medicine.yale.edu/news-article/integrating-chagas-disease-screening-into-primary-health-care/

  When untreated, patients are at risk for disorders including arrythmias, dilated cardiomyopathy, or heart failure, so raising awareness among healthcare providers is a priority. […] The importance of screening a birthing parent or a patient contemplating pregnancy is highlighted both by the reduced risk of congenital transmission in patients treated prior to pregnancy, as well as the greater than 90% cure rate in infants treated within the first year of life. This high cure rate presents health care providers with a critical opportunity to prevent spread of Chagas disease from one generation to the next. […] One of the major complexities with encouraging more frequent testing is that in so much of the U.S. we dont have strong programs to support patients after diagnosis and during treatment.

• #60 Wold Chagas Disease Day 2025: Six Commitments Against Chagas Disease – Coalición Chagas

  https://coalicionchagas.org/en/wold-chagas-disease-day-2025-six-commitments-against-chagas-disease/

  More access to comprehensive care. […] More training and awareness-raising for healthcare personnel and communities at risk. […] To continue improving access to diagnosis, treatment and comprehensive care for people affected by Chagas disease in all its dimensions. […] Strengthen and facilitate access to training and consultation tools for health personnel and affected persons, enabling the provision of up-to-date and higher quality care. […] Despite the available therapeutic tools, the immense majority of the needed people remain without access to diagnosis and comprehensive healthcare.

• #61

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40475-019-0170-1

  In the USA, fewer than 1% of people with Chagas disease (CD) are diagnosed and treated. […] Patients and physicians confront significant barriers to initiating testing and treatment, which are not systematically available in the US health care system. […] Reducing the burden of CD will require improvement of diagnostic capacity and treatment guidelines, significant strengthening of provider awareness, greater understanding of transmission dynamics, and provision of accessible health care to the diverse population at risk. […] In the USA, less than 1% of people with CD receive a clinical diagnosis, and an even smaller fraction receives antiparasitic treatment. […] Currently, there are only two drugs effective against T. cruzi infection: benznidazole and nifurtimox. […] Although efficacy is difficult to measure in chronically infected adults, studies have shown that treatment can reduce morbidity and mortality for this patient population.

• #62

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40475-019-0170-1

  In the USA, fewer than 1% of people with Chagas disease (CD) are diagnosed and treated. […] Patients and physicians confront significant barriers to initiating testing and treatment, which are not systematically available in the US health care system. […] Reducing the burden of CD will require improvement of diagnostic capacity and treatment guidelines, significant strengthening of provider awareness, greater understanding of transmission dynamics, and provision of accessible health care to the diverse population at risk. […] In the USA, less than 1% of people with CD receive a clinical diagnosis, and an even smaller fraction receives antiparasitic treatment. […] Currently, there are only two drugs effective against T. cruzi infection: benznidazole and nifurtimox. […] Although efficacy is difficult to measure in chronically infected adults, studies have shown that treatment can reduce morbidity and mortality for this patient population.

• #63 Social determinants in the access to health care for Chagas disease: A qualitative research on family life in the “Valle Alto” of Cochabamba, Bolivia | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0255226

  The best-known obstacles are low priority in political and health systems, low knowledge and awareness, even among health personnel, low demand for diagnostic and therapeutic products, which results in low production, low availability, and high costs, diagnostic and therapeutic challenges, social inequalities, and stigmatization of Chagas disease. […] The study provides useful and truly relevant results for the consideration of families not only as recipients of programs but also as main drivers of change.

• #64 World Chagas Disease Day 2023: Integrating Chagas into Primary Health Care

  https://world-heart-federation.org/news/world-chagas-disease-day-2023/

  On the occasion of World Chagas Disease Day on 14 April, WHF, a member of the Global Chagas Disease Coalition, wants to support patient associations in their call for better diagnosis and care for Chagas patients at the primary healthcare level. […] The elimination of Chagas disease as a public health problem will only be possible if timely detection, comprehensive care, notification, and epidemiological surveillance of affected people are reinforced through primary health care. […] This April 14, World Chagas Disease Day, the individuals and families affected by this problem demand the right to be treated in a timely manner, starting with the first level of health care. […] It is in primary health care with resources and training where information and comprehensive care must be provided to affected individuals and communities. […] Timely detection, comprehensive care, follow-up, and notification of acute and chronic cases, epidemiological surveillance, and control of active infection transmission routes should begin at the first health level.

• #65

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/chagas-disease-(american-trypanosomiasis)

  Chagas disease is curable if antiparasitic treatment is initiated early, in the acute phase. In chronic infection, the treatment and follow up can potentially prevent or curb disease progression and prevent transmission, for instance, during pregnancy and birth. […] Adults with infection, especially those with no symptoms, should be offered treatment because antiparasitic medicines can also prevent or curb disease progression. […] Additionally, life-lasting follow up and specific treatment for cardiac, digestive or neurological manifestations are usually required. […] All health professionals, beginning at the first level of care (primary health care), and appropriately trained and updated, have a crucial role in enhancing the detection, treatment, follow-up, and notification of cases.

• #66 Results and evaluation of the expansion of a model of comprehensive care for Chagas disease within the National Health System: The Bolivian Chagas network | PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases

  https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0010072

  A simplified clinical protocol for comprehensive care was considered easy to replicate by local healthcare institutions in order to ensure sustainability as well as high-quality standards. […] Training is a key element in institutionalization and scaling-up of strategies, and should cover training and continuous evaluation of healthcare personnel, and training reinforcement in public health, data analysis, planification and evaluation. […] The Chagas Platform model was adapted easily to each scenario with the twelve-step methodology, starting with a situational analysis of each area to maximize resources and to establish referral and counter-referral pathways. […] One of the main achievements of the Chagas Network scaling-up process was ensuring adequate domestic financial and human resources for comprehensive CD care in the intervention areas. […] In conclusion, the Chagas Platform Network was a successful model for scaling up diagnosis and treatment of CD in Bolivia and empowering local healthcare centers and personnel.

• #67 The role of the first level of health care in the approach to Chagas disease in a non-endemic country

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6913928/

  Chagas disease has crossed South America’s borders and in recent years has spread to regions that were not previously affected. Early diagnosis and treatment of Chagas disease improves the clinical prognosis and prevents vertical transmission. Taking into account the lack of evidence of how primary care services manage Chagas disease in a non-endemic country, this study assessed Chagas disease knowledge, attitudes and practices among primary health care professionals. […] The family physicians and nurses showed a lack of general knowledge about Chagas disease, and they did not identify the country of origin to request the blood test. […] The role of nurses was more focused on vaccination status and chronic disease follow-up, and family physicians assumed a facilitating role to send patients to different hospital facilities.

• #68 The role of the first level of health care in the approach to Chagas disease in a non-endemic country

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6913928/

  Chagas disease has crossed South America’s borders and in recent years has spread to regions that were not previously affected. Early diagnosis and treatment of Chagas disease improves the clinical prognosis and prevents vertical transmission. Taking into account the lack of evidence of how primary care services manage Chagas disease in a non-endemic country, this study assessed Chagas disease knowledge, attitudes and practices among primary health care professionals. […] The family physicians and nurses showed a lack of general knowledge about Chagas disease, and they did not identify the country of origin to request the blood test. […] The role of nurses was more focused on vaccination status and chronic disease follow-up, and family physicians assumed a facilitating role to send patients to different hospital facilities.

• #69 Results and evaluation of the expansion of a model of comprehensive care for Chagas disease within the National Health System: The Bolivian Chagas network | PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases

  https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0010072

  A simplified clinical protocol for comprehensive care was considered easy to replicate by local healthcare institutions in order to ensure sustainability as well as high-quality standards. […] Training is a key element in institutionalization and scaling-up of strategies, and should cover training and continuous evaluation of healthcare personnel, and training reinforcement in public health, data analysis, planification and evaluation. […] The Chagas Platform model was adapted easily to each scenario with the twelve-step methodology, starting with a situational analysis of each area to maximize resources and to establish referral and counter-referral pathways. […] One of the main achievements of the Chagas Network scaling-up process was ensuring adequate domestic financial and human resources for comprehensive CD care in the intervention areas. […] In conclusion, the Chagas Platform Network was a successful model for scaling up diagnosis and treatment of CD in Bolivia and empowering local healthcare centers and personnel.

• #70 Results and evaluation of the expansion of a model of comprehensive care for Chagas disease within the National Health System: The Bolivian Chagas network | PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases

  https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0010072

  A simplified clinical protocol for comprehensive care was considered easy to replicate by local healthcare institutions in order to ensure sustainability as well as high-quality standards. […] Training is a key element in institutionalization and scaling-up of strategies, and should cover training and continuous evaluation of healthcare personnel, and training reinforcement in public health, data analysis, planification and evaluation. […] The Chagas Platform model was adapted easily to each scenario with the twelve-step methodology, starting with a situational analysis of each area to maximize resources and to establish referral and counter-referral pathways. […] One of the main achievements of the Chagas Network scaling-up process was ensuring adequate domestic financial and human resources for comprehensive CD care in the intervention areas. […] In conclusion, the Chagas Platform Network was a successful model for scaling up diagnosis and treatment of CD in Bolivia and empowering local healthcare centers and personnel.

• #71 Results and evaluation of the expansion of a model of comprehensive care for Chagas disease within the National Health System: The Bolivian Chagas network | PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases

  https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0010072

  A simplified clinical protocol for comprehensive care was considered easy to replicate by local healthcare institutions in order to ensure sustainability as well as high-quality standards. […] Training is a key element in institutionalization and scaling-up of strategies, and should cover training and continuous evaluation of healthcare personnel, and training reinforcement in public health, data analysis, planification and evaluation. […] The Chagas Platform model was adapted easily to each scenario with the twelve-step methodology, starting with a situational analysis of each area to maximize resources and to establish referral and counter-referral pathways. […] One of the main achievements of the Chagas Network scaling-up process was ensuring adequate domestic financial and human resources for comprehensive CD care in the intervention areas. […] In conclusion, the Chagas Platform Network was a successful model for scaling up diagnosis and treatment of CD in Bolivia and empowering local healthcare centers and personnel.

• #72 Chagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis) Follow-up: Further Outpatient Care, Further Inpatient Care, Deterrence/Prevention

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/214581-followup

  Monitor infants born to mothers with T cruzi infection. Infants who are parasite-negative at birth should be tested serologically at 6 and 9 months, after maternal antibodies have disappeared. Treatment should be instituted when results are positive. […] Persons with chronic T cruzi infection should undergo electrocardiography every 6-12 months to look for dysrhythmias (see Other Tests). […] Patients with clinically manifest cardiac or gastrointestinal Chagas disease should be managed by appropriate specialists (see Consultations). […] Weekly white blood cell counts should be performed in patients being treated with benznidazole to evaluate for agranulocytosis. […] Immunosuppressed persons with T cruzi infection who have unexplained febrile illnesses should be evaluated parasitologically for reactivation of the infection.

• #73 Chagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis) Follow-up: Further Outpatient Care, Further Inpatient Care, Deterrence/Prevention

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/214581-followup

  Monitor infants born to mothers with T cruzi infection. Infants who are parasite-negative at birth should be tested serologically at 6 and 9 months, after maternal antibodies have disappeared. Treatment should be instituted when results are positive. […] Persons with chronic T cruzi infection should undergo electrocardiography every 6-12 months to look for dysrhythmias (see Other Tests). […] Patients with clinically manifest cardiac or gastrointestinal Chagas disease should be managed by appropriate specialists (see Consultations). […] Weekly white blood cell counts should be performed in patients being treated with benznidazole to evaluate for agranulocytosis. […] Immunosuppressed persons with T cruzi infection who have unexplained febrile illnesses should be evaluated parasitologically for reactivation of the infection.

• #74 Chagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis) Follow-up: Further Outpatient Care, Further Inpatient Care, Deterrence/Prevention

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/214581-followup

  Monitor infants born to mothers with T cruzi infection. Infants who are parasite-negative at birth should be tested serologically at 6 and 9 months, after maternal antibodies have disappeared. Treatment should be instituted when results are positive. […] Persons with chronic T cruzi infection should undergo electrocardiography every 6-12 months to look for dysrhythmias (see Other Tests). […] Patients with clinically manifest cardiac or gastrointestinal Chagas disease should be managed by appropriate specialists (see Consultations). […] Weekly white blood cell counts should be performed in patients being treated with benznidazole to evaluate for agranulocytosis. […] Immunosuppressed persons with T cruzi infection who have unexplained febrile illnesses should be evaluated parasitologically for reactivation of the infection.

• #75 Chagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis) Follow-up: Further Outpatient Care, Further Inpatient Care, Deterrence/Prevention

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/214581-followup

  Monitor infants born to mothers with T cruzi infection. Infants who are parasite-negative at birth should be tested serologically at 6 and 9 months, after maternal antibodies have disappeared. Treatment should be instituted when results are positive. […] Persons with chronic T cruzi infection should undergo electrocardiography every 6-12 months to look for dysrhythmias (see Other Tests). […] Patients with clinically manifest cardiac or gastrointestinal Chagas disease should be managed by appropriate specialists (see Consultations). […] Weekly white blood cell counts should be performed in patients being treated with benznidazole to evaluate for agranulocytosis. […] Immunosuppressed persons with T cruzi infection who have unexplained febrile illnesses should be evaluated parasitologically for reactivation of the infection.

• #76

  https://www.who.int/activities/providing-care-to-populations-affected-by-chagas-disease

  A proposed objective for the 2021-2030 Roadmap about healthcare access is the 75% antiparasitic treatment coverage of eligible cases. […] Main WHO recommendations here are the following: access to diagnosis and treatment of people with medical indication or recommendation to do antiparasitic treatment, especially children and women of child-bearing age before pregnancy; screening of newborns and other children of infected mothers without previous antiparasitic treatment to do early diagnosis and provide treatment. […] Specific challenges WHO is working to address include: improving access to diagnosis and care for millions of affected people, including support in distributing antiparasitic medicines, which are to be offered to all infected people; harnessing technical cooperation on medical care with an emphasis on congenital Chagas disease. […] Providing care to populations affected by Chagas disease.

• #77 Chagas Disease: MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/chagasdisease.html

  Medicines can kill the parasite, especially early on. You can also treat related problems. For example, a pacemaker can help with some heart complications. […] There are no vaccines or medicines to prevent Chagas disease. If you travel to areas where it occurs, you are at higher risk if you sleep outdoors or are staying in poor housing conditions. It is important to use insecticides to prevent bites and practice food safety.

• #78 Chagas Disease | What We Do | World Heart Federation

  https://world-heart-federation.org/what-we-do/chagas-disease/

  In areas of Mexico, Central America, and South America, where the Trypanosoma cruzi parasite is present in triatomine bugs, improved housing and spraying insecticide inside housing to eliminate the bugs has significantly decreased the spread of Chagas disease. […] Early detection and treatment of new cases, including mother-to-baby (congenital) cases, will also help reduce the burden of disease.

• #79 Chagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis) Follow-up: Further Outpatient Care, Further Inpatient Care, Deterrence/Prevention

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/214581-followup

  The level of care depends on the clinical condition of the patient. […] Education of at-risk persons living in areas of active transmission is a key element in reducing the incidence of new infections. Data suggest that making dogs sleep outside homes can be an important factor in reducing transmission, although a much more important measure would be to exterminate the domiciliary vectors. […] The critical elements in controlling congenital Chagas disease, beyond reducing the prevalence of chronic T cruzi infection in women of childbearing age and treating them with benznidazole prior to pregnancy, are the thorough parasitologic and serologic evaluation of babies born to mothers with T cruzi infection and treating the ones who are determined to be infected.

• #80 Frontiers | Chagas disease as an underrecognized cause of stroke: implications for public health

  https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2024.1473425/full

  The information about this not-so-rare link is vital for understanding that a parasitic disease like Chagas disease can leave severe sequelae that significantly increase the risk of stroke. Therefore, it is crucial to improve screening campaigns and identify risk factors. […] Educational programs for both the public and healthcare providers are crucial, as awareness of the stroke risk in Chagas patients is only 5%. […] Moreover, diagnostic campaigns are needed, as less than 10% of infected individuals are aware of their condition. Early detection of CD can lead to a 100% cure rate, while untreated cases may result in severe, often irreversible complications affecting various systems. […] Raising awareness, enhancing detection efforts, and providing comprehensive education can prevent many stroke cases related to Chagas disease and improve overall patient outcomes.

• #81 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Importance-of-Raising-Awareness-of-Chagas-Disease.aspx

  More awareness concerning Chagas prevention, diagnosis, control, treatment, and the importance of regular surveillance of the disease, is required. […] If Chagas disease is not diagnosed and treated early, the patient can face severe consequences. […] Researchers have highlighted that Chagas disease patients are extremely susceptible to severe form of COVID-19 infection, which has been caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Hence, they must be considered a priority group for COVID-19 vaccination. […] Chagas disease can be treated with benznidazole and nifurtimox. These medicines have proved to be 100% effective in curing the disease if administered during the onset of the acute phase. […] Several treatments are available for girls and women of childbearing age to prevent congenital transmission. […] Additionally, WHO strongly advocates the development of contextualized information, communication activities, and education about preventive measures. Raising awareness about the disease and easy access to medical facilities, is essential, particularly, for children and women of child-bearing age.

• #82

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40475-019-0170-1

  In the USA, fewer than 1% of people with Chagas disease (CD) are diagnosed and treated. […] Patients and physicians confront significant barriers to initiating testing and treatment, which are not systematically available in the US health care system. […] Reducing the burden of CD will require improvement of diagnostic capacity and treatment guidelines, significant strengthening of provider awareness, greater understanding of transmission dynamics, and provision of accessible health care to the diverse population at risk. […] In the USA, less than 1% of people with CD receive a clinical diagnosis, and an even smaller fraction receives antiparasitic treatment. […] Currently, there are only two drugs effective against T. cruzi infection: benznidazole and nifurtimox. […] Although efficacy is difficult to measure in chronically infected adults, studies have shown that treatment can reduce morbidity and mortality for this patient population.

• #83

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/chagas-disease-(american-trypanosomiasis)

  Assessment of the available diagnostics (including rapid serologic or chemiluminescence tests, molecular biology tests) and the most cost-effective algorithms is fundamental to increase early case detection. […] Innovation, research and development, and evaluation of new diagnostics and medicines can accelerate the path towards the elimination of the disease as a public health problem. […] Promotion of biomedical, psychosocial and environmental studies focused on the determinants and risk factors of Chagas disease is essential to identify novel approaches for prevention and control.

• #84

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/chagas-disease-(american-trypanosomiasis)

  Assessment of the available diagnostics (including rapid serologic or chemiluminescence tests, molecular biology tests) and the most cost-effective algorithms is fundamental to increase early case detection. […] Innovation, research and development, and evaluation of new diagnostics and medicines can accelerate the path towards the elimination of the disease as a public health problem. […] Promotion of biomedical, psychosocial and environmental studies focused on the determinants and risk factors of Chagas disease is essential to identify novel approaches for prevention and control.

• #85 Results and evaluation of the expansion of a model of comprehensive care for Chagas disease within the National Health System: The Bolivian Chagas network | PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases

  https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0010072

  Most people with chronic Chagas disease do not receive specific care and therefore are undiagnosed and do not receive accurate treatment. […] The Bolivian Chagas Platform was born in 2009 to promote comprehensive care for Chagas disease (CD), a neglected tropical disease that affects more than a million people in Bolivia. […] The primary objective of the Chagas Platform is to contribute to the control of CD, and the model designed to achieve this objective is based on four pillars: Provision of care, based on clinical protocols and guidelines. […] Training of health professionals in the management of CD […] Creation of expertise in CD management and capacity building for research […] Promotion of educational activities in the community. […] The integration of Chagas Platforms protocols into the National Health System were facilitated by the twelve-steps methodology designed by the Platform team.

• #86 Chagas Access Project | DNDi

  https://dndi.org/research-development/portfolio/chagas-access-project/

  In 2015, DNDi launched the Chagas Access Project to increase access to diagnosis and treatment for Chagas disease. Working in collaboration with local, regional, and national partners in several endemic countries, DNDi has launched a series of projects to pilot new models of patient-centred care with a test-and-treat approach. […] The new patient-centred approach was first implemented in Colombia in collaboration with the Ministry of Health and Social Protection (MSPS), the Colombian National Health Institute (INS), and other partners working together to support the implementation of a comprehensive roadmap for Chagas care. […] In seven Colombian departments where Chagas disease is highly endemic, the projects have increased access to testing and treatment by training healthcare staff on the most up-to-date treatment guidelines; simplifying and accelerating the procedure for diagnosis; and decentralizing treatment so that it would be available closer to where patients live.

• #87 Chagas Access Project | DNDi

  https://dndi.org/research-development/portfolio/chagas-access-project/

  In 2015, DNDi launched the Chagas Access Project to increase access to diagnosis and treatment for Chagas disease. Working in collaboration with local, regional, and national partners in several endemic countries, DNDi has launched a series of projects to pilot new models of patient-centred care with a test-and-treat approach. […] The new patient-centred approach was first implemented in Colombia in collaboration with the Ministry of Health and Social Protection (MSPS), the Colombian National Health Institute (INS), and other partners working together to support the implementation of a comprehensive roadmap for Chagas care. […] In seven Colombian departments where Chagas disease is highly endemic, the projects have increased access to testing and treatment by training healthcare staff on the most up-to-date treatment guidelines; simplifying and accelerating the procedure for diagnosis; and decentralizing treatment so that it would be available closer to where patients live.

• #88

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/chagas-disease-(american-trypanosomiasis)

  Assessment of the available diagnostics (including rapid serologic or chemiluminescence tests, molecular biology tests) and the most cost-effective algorithms is fundamental to increase early case detection. […] Innovation, research and development, and evaluation of new diagnostics and medicines can accelerate the path towards the elimination of the disease as a public health problem. […] Promotion of biomedical, psychosocial and environmental studies focused on the determinants and risk factors of Chagas disease is essential to identify novel approaches for prevention and control.

• #89 SciELO Brazil – Response to Chagas disease in Brazil: strategic milestones for achieving comprehensive health care Response to Chagas disease in Brazil: strategic milestones for achieving comprehensive health care

  https://www.scielo.br/j/rsbmt/a/sqh87Jfhqw8Mq7SZzjXwzZk/?lang=en

  This integration reinforces the importance of utilizing information, education, and communication (IEC) strategies, which have not been widely included in CD control programs. […] Effective and efficient solutions to the many challenges facing those affected by CD and providing hope and comprehensive care to those that need it, the most can be achieved only through collective efforts by governments, knowledge-based institutions, civil society, communities, and donors.

• #90 Multidisciplinary nursing care in chronic Chagas disease: a scoping review

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11734354/

  Nurses provide essential care for symptomatic chronic Chagas disease carriers, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, offering crucial support, symptom management, medication administration, and monitoring to enhance their health-related quality of life. […] Nurses play a critical role within a multidisciplinary care team in improving the health-related quality of life for individuals living with chronic Chagas disease, irrespective of the cardiac or digestive form of the disease. Therefore, it is essential to assess both the subjective and objective needs of infected individuals in order to develop tailored nursing care plans that address their individualized needs and clinical conditions. […] Nursing care plays a crucial role in the lives of patients with chronic CD, as the disease has a negative impact on their health and daily activities, requiring them to adapt to their clinical condition. Strategies need to be developed to address the detrimental effects on their HRQoL.

• #91 Nursing care for people with Chagas disease: a scoping review

  https://www.redalyc.org/journal/3595/359578638014/html/

  The main points highlighted by the selected studies on nursing care for people with Chagas disease were related to the health education process, longitudinal follow-up, healthy living habits, general nursing care during hospitalization, and the use of nursing diagnoses. […] Nursing professionals play an important role in the health education process for the self-care of people who have some type of chronic disease. It is no different for Chagas disease, considering that information, education and communication practices for health professionals and communities influence the improvement of testing and treatment demands, in addition to the quality of care provided to the population. […] The creation and use of nursing instruments specific to the reality of people with Chagas disease are important for the development of quality care, with adequate scientific knowledge.

• #92 Nursing care for people with Chagas disease: a scoping review

  https://www.redalyc.org/journal/3595/359578638014/movil/

  The main points highlighted by the selected studies on nursing care for people with Chagas disease were related to the health education process, longitudinal follow-up, healthy living habits, general nursing care during hospitalization, and the use of nursing diagnoses. […] Nursing professionals play an important role in the health education process for the self-care of people who have some type of chronic disease. […] The creation and use of nursing instruments specific to the reality of people with Chagas disease are important for the development of quality care, with adequate scientific knowledge.

• #93 Nursing care for people with Chagas disease: a scoping review

  https://www.redalyc.org/journal/3595/359578638014/html/

  The main points highlighted by the selected studies on nursing care for people with Chagas disease were related to the health education process, longitudinal follow-up, healthy living habits, general nursing care during hospitalization, and the use of nursing diagnoses. […] Nursing professionals play an important role in the health education process for the self-care of people who have some type of chronic disease. It is no different for Chagas disease, considering that information, education and communication practices for health professionals and communities influence the improvement of testing and treatment demands, in addition to the quality of care provided to the population. […] The creation and use of nursing instruments specific to the reality of people with Chagas disease are important for the development of quality care, with adequate scientific knowledge.

• #94 Nursing care for people with Chagas disease: a scoping review

  https://www.redalyc.org/journal/3595/359578638014/movil/

  The main points highlighted by the selected studies on nursing care for people with Chagas disease were related to the health education process, longitudinal follow-up, healthy living habits, general nursing care during hospitalization, and the use of nursing diagnoses. […] Nursing professionals play an important role in the health education process for the self-care of people who have some type of chronic disease. […] The creation and use of nursing instruments specific to the reality of people with Chagas disease are important for the development of quality care, with adequate scientific knowledge.

• #95 Nursing care for people with Chagas disease: a scoping review

  https://www.redalyc.org/journal/3595/359578638014/html/

  The main points highlighted by the selected studies on nursing care for people with Chagas disease were related to the health education process, longitudinal follow-up, healthy living habits, general nursing care during hospitalization, and the use of nursing diagnoses. […] Nursing professionals play an important role in the health education process for the self-care of people who have some type of chronic disease. It is no different for Chagas disease, considering that information, education and communication practices for health professionals and communities influence the improvement of testing and treatment demands, in addition to the quality of care provided to the population. […] The creation and use of nursing instruments specific to the reality of people with Chagas disease are important for the development of quality care, with adequate scientific knowledge.

• #96 Nursing care for people with Chagas disease: a scoping review

  https://www.redalyc.org/journal/3595/359578638014/movil/

  The main points highlighted by the selected studies on nursing care for people with Chagas disease were related to the health education process, longitudinal follow-up, healthy living habits, general nursing care during hospitalization, and the use of nursing diagnoses. […] Nursing professionals play an important role in the health education process for the self-care of people who have some type of chronic disease. […] The creation and use of nursing instruments specific to the reality of people with Chagas disease are important for the development of quality care, with adequate scientific knowledge.

• #97 Nursing care for people with Chagas disease: a scoping review

  https://www.redalyc.org/journal/3595/359578638014/html/

  The main points highlighted by the selected studies on nursing care for people with Chagas disease were related to the health education process, longitudinal follow-up, healthy living habits, general nursing care during hospitalization, and the use of nursing diagnoses. […] Nursing professionals play an important role in the health education process for the self-care of people who have some type of chronic disease. It is no different for Chagas disease, considering that information, education and communication practices for health professionals and communities influence the improvement of testing and treatment demands, in addition to the quality of care provided to the population. […] The creation and use of nursing instruments specific to the reality of people with Chagas disease are important for the development of quality care, with adequate scientific knowledge.

• #98 Nursing care for people with Chagas disease: a scoping review

  https://www.redalyc.org/journal/3595/359578638014/movil/

  The main points highlighted by the selected studies on nursing care for people with Chagas disease were related to the health education process, longitudinal follow-up, healthy living habits, general nursing care during hospitalization, and the use of nursing diagnoses. […] Nursing professionals play an important role in the health education process for the self-care of people who have some type of chronic disease. […] The creation and use of nursing instruments specific to the reality of people with Chagas disease are important for the development of quality care, with adequate scientific knowledge.

• #99 Nursing care for people with Chagas disease: a scoping review

  https://www.redalyc.org/journal/3595/359578638014/html/

  The main points highlighted by the selected studies on nursing care for people with Chagas disease were related to the health education process, longitudinal follow-up, healthy living habits, general nursing care during hospitalization, and the use of nursing diagnoses. […] Nursing professionals play an important role in the health education process for the self-care of people who have some type of chronic disease. It is no different for Chagas disease, considering that information, education and communication practices for health professionals and communities influence the improvement of testing and treatment demands, in addition to the quality of care provided to the population. […] The creation and use of nursing instruments specific to the reality of people with Chagas disease are important for the development of quality care, with adequate scientific knowledge.

• #100 Nursing care for people with Chagas disease: a scoping review

  https://www.redalyc.org/journal/3595/359578638014/movil/

  The main points highlighted by the selected studies on nursing care for people with Chagas disease were related to the health education process, longitudinal follow-up, healthy living habits, general nursing care during hospitalization, and the use of nursing diagnoses. […] Nursing professionals play an important role in the health education process for the self-care of people who have some type of chronic disease. […] The creation and use of nursing instruments specific to the reality of people with Chagas disease are important for the development of quality care, with adequate scientific knowledge.

• #101 Nursing care for people with Chagas disease: a scoping review

  https://www.redalyc.org/journal/3595/359578638014/html/

  Chagas disease is an infectious disease caused by the parasitism process of the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. Given its potential for chronicity, nursing care in the health care of patients with Chagas disease will provide an improvement in quality of life and the prognosis of the disease. […] The review identified 12 relevant publications that emphasized health care, education, relationships, disease prevention and health promotion. The most frequent and diverse nursing diagnoses were related to the Activity/Rest, Health Promotion and Coping/Stress domains. […] To meet the care needs of Chagas disease, it is essential to ensure nursing care that recognizes individualities, highlighting the importance of creating tools that facilitate the nursing process. […] The need for comprehensive nursing care that meets the main needs of individuals with Chagas disease is emphasized, considering their unique circumstances. Developing tools to support the nursing process is essential to improve the results of care for this population.

• #102 Nursing care for people with Chagas disease: a scoping review

  https://www.redalyc.org/journal/3595/359578638014/movil/

  Chagas disease is an infectious disease caused by the parasitism process of the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. Given its potential for chronicity, nursing care in the health care of patients with Chagas disease will provide an improvement in quality of life and the prognosis of the disease. […] The review identified 12 relevant publications that emphasized health care, education, relationships, disease prevention and health promotion. The most frequent and diverse nursing diagnoses were related to the Activity/Rest, Health Promotion and Coping/Stress domains. […] To meet the care needs of Chagas disease, it is essential to ensure nursing care that recognizes individualities, highlighting the importance of creating tools that facilitate the nursing process. […] The need for comprehensive nursing care that meets the main needs of individuals with Chagas disease is emphasized, considering their unique circumstances. Developing tools to support the nursing process is essential to improve the results of care for this population.

Zobacz więcej