Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Cholestasis of pregnancy – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cholestasis-of-pregnancy/symptoms-causes/syc-20363257

  Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, commonly known as cholestasis of pregnancy, is a liver condition that can occur in late pregnancy. The condition triggers intense itching, but without a rash. Itching is usually on the hands and feet but also can occur on other parts of the body. […] Cholestasis of pregnancy can make you very uncomfortable. But more worrisome are the potential complications, especially for your baby. Because of the risk of complications, your pregnancy care provider may recommend early term delivery around 37 weeks. […] Intense itching is the main symptom of cholestasis of pregnancy. But there is no rash. Typically, you feel itchy on the palms of your hands or the soles of your feet, but you may feel itchy everywhere. The itching is often worse at night and may bother you so much that you can’t sleep.

• #2 Cholestasis of Pregnancy | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/c/cholestasis-of-pregnancy.html

  Cholestasis of pregnancy is a liver problem. It slows or stops the normal flow of bile from the gallbladder. This causes itching and yellowing of your skin, eyes, and mucous membranes (jaundice). Cholestasis sometimes starts in early pregnancy. But it is more common in the second and third trimesters. It most often goes away within a few days after delivery. The main symptom of cholestasis of pregnancy is severe itching. This is sometimes called pruritus. It may be all over the body. But it is more common on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. It may also be worse at night. Other symptoms may include: Pain in the belly (abdomen), although this is not common; Light color of stool (bowel movements); Yellow color of skin, eyes, and mucous membranes (jaundice), although this is not common. The goals of treating cholestasis of pregnancy are to relieve the itching and prevent complications for your developing baby. Babies of women with cholestasis are often delivered early (usually around 37 weeks) because of the risks. […] The symptoms of cholestasis sometimes look like other health conditions. Always see your healthcare provider for a diagnosis. […] Call your healthcare provider if you have: Severe itching; Yellow coloring of your eyes, skin, or mucous membranes (jaundice).

• #3 Itching and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/pregnancy/related-conditions/complications/itching-and-intrahepatic-cholestasis/

  Itching can be a symptom of a liver condition called intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP), also known as obstetric cholestasis (OC). […] The main symptom is itching, usually without a rash. For many women with ICP, the itching is often: more noticeable on the hands and feet, but can be all over the body; worse at night. […] Symptoms of ICP typically start from around 28 weeks of pregnancy, but it’s possible to develop the condition earlier. […] Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a potentially serious liver disorder that can develop in pregnancy. […] In ICP, the bile acids do not flow properly and build up in your body instead. […] If you have had ICP in a previous pregnancy, you have a high chance of developing it again in another pregnancy. […] Some studies have found that babies whose mothers have ICP have a higher chance of being born prematurely or stillborn.

• #4 Pregnancy Intrahepatic Cholestasis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551503/

  Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a liver disorder in the late second and early third trimester of pregnancy. It is characterized by pruritus with increased serum bile acids and other liver function tests. The symptoms and biochemical abnormality rapidly resolve after delivery. ICP is associated with an increased risk of adverse obstetrical outcomes, which include stillbirth, respiratory distress syndrome, meconium passage, and fetal asphyxiation. […] Classically, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) presents in the late second trimester to the early third trimester. The most common complaint is generalized intense pruritus, which usually starts after the 30th week of pregnancy. Pruritus can be more common in palms and soles and is typically worse at night. Other symptoms of cholestasis, such as nausea, anorexia, fatigue, right upper quadrant pain, dark urine, and pale stool, can be present. Clinical jaundice is rare but may present in 14 to 25% of patients after 1 to 4 weeks of the onset of pruritus. Pruritis is a cardinal symptom of ICP and may precede biochemical abnormalities.

• #5 Cholestasis of pregnancy – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cholestasis-of-pregnancy/symptoms-causes/syc-20363257

  Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, commonly known as cholestasis of pregnancy, is a liver condition that can occur in late pregnancy. The condition triggers intense itching, but without a rash. Itching is usually on the hands and feet but also can occur on other parts of the body. […] Cholestasis of pregnancy can make you very uncomfortable. But more worrisome are the potential complications, especially for your baby. Because of the risk of complications, your pregnancy care provider may recommend early term delivery around 37 weeks. […] Intense itching is the main symptom of cholestasis of pregnancy. But there is no rash. Typically, you feel itchy on the palms of your hands or the soles of your feet, but you may feel itchy everywhere. The itching is often worse at night and may bother you so much that you can’t sleep.

• #6 Cholestasis Of Pregnancy: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17901-cholestasis-of-pregnancy

  Cholestasis of pregnancy is a liver disease that can develop late in pregnancy. The main symptom of cholestasis is severe itching. Cholestasis of pregnancy typically goes away after your baby is born. […] Cholestasis of pregnancy is a liver condition that causes severe itching late in pregnancy. Its also known as intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) or obstetric cholestasis. […] The main symptom of cholestasis of pregnancy is severe itching (pruritus). This itching starts on your hands and feet and spreads to other body parts. The itching is usually worse at night. Unlike other conditions that cause itching, cholestasis doesnt involve a rash. […] Cholestasis of pregnancy typically develops in the third trimester (around week 28 of pregnancy) when pregnancy hormone levels are at their highest.

• #7 Cholestasis of Pregnancy | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/c/cholestasis-of-pregnancy.html

  Cholestasis of pregnancy is a liver problem. It slows or stops the normal flow of bile from the gallbladder. This causes itching and yellowing of your skin, eyes, and mucous membranes (jaundice). Cholestasis sometimes starts in early pregnancy. But it is more common in the second and third trimesters. It most often goes away within a few days after delivery. The main symptom of cholestasis of pregnancy is severe itching. This is sometimes called pruritus. It may be all over the body. But it is more common on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. It may also be worse at night. Other symptoms may include: Pain in the belly (abdomen), although this is not common; Light color of stool (bowel movements); Yellow color of skin, eyes, and mucous membranes (jaundice), although this is not common. The goals of treating cholestasis of pregnancy are to relieve the itching and prevent complications for your developing baby. Babies of women with cholestasis are often delivered early (usually around 37 weeks) because of the risks. […] The symptoms of cholestasis sometimes look like other health conditions. Always see your healthcare provider for a diagnosis. […] Call your healthcare provider if you have: Severe itching; Yellow coloring of your eyes, skin, or mucous membranes (jaundice).

• #8 Cholestasis of pregnancy – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cholestasis-of-pregnancy/symptoms-causes/syc-20363257

  Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, commonly known as cholestasis of pregnancy, is a liver condition that can occur in late pregnancy. The condition triggers intense itching, but without a rash. Itching is usually on the hands and feet but also can occur on other parts of the body. […] Cholestasis of pregnancy can make you very uncomfortable. But more worrisome are the potential complications, especially for your baby. Because of the risk of complications, your pregnancy care provider may recommend early term delivery around 37 weeks. […] Intense itching is the main symptom of cholestasis of pregnancy. But there is no rash. Typically, you feel itchy on the palms of your hands or the soles of your feet, but you may feel itchy everywhere. The itching is often worse at night and may bother you so much that you can’t sleep.

• #9 Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy (ICP) | Tommy’sCloseleft-arrowleft-arrowleft-arrowleft-arrowleft-arrowleft-arrowCloseReconfirm cookies choice

  https://www.tommys.org/pregnancy-information/pregnancy-complications/obstetric-cholestasis

  Symptoms of ICP usually start from around 28 weeks of pregnancy but can start at any time. […] Itching is the main symptom of ICP. Itching without a rash is the most common symptom. It is often worse at night and more noticeable on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet, but it can be anywhere on the body. Itching from ICP affects people differently and can vary at different times. […] It can be mild or intense and affect only small areas of your body or all of it. It can be distressing and affect your sleep. ICP itching will stop soon after you’ve given birth, usually in hours or days. […] Other less common symptoms of ICP may include dark wee, pale poo, and yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes (jaundice). […] ICP symptoms get better once you’ve given birth. But it can take a few weeks for your blood tests to return to normal. […] Having ICP increases your chance of having it again in future pregnancies.

• #10 Symptoms — ICP Support

  https://www.icpsupport.org/symptoms

  The itch in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) typically presents in the third trimester, but it can start as early as 7-8 weeks of pregnancy. […] It can be mild that you hardly notice it, or so severe that you scratch your skin until it bleeds. It can be constant or intermittent. […] Although the symptoms of ICP are distressing for you, they should resolve rapidly after your baby is born. […] Some (but not all) women with ICP develop other symptoms associated with cholestasis. These may include jaundice (yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes) although this is not common, dark urine and pale stools. […] It is not uncommon for women with ICP to feel generally unwell and tired, and to lose their appetite. […] Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ) pain. You might notice that you develop a tenderness or experience pain on your right-hand side, just underneath your rib cage. Women have reported this pain during their ICP pregnancy, but the liver doesnt actually have any nerve endings so its not this that is causing the pain. One thought is that the liver may be pressing against the membrane (called the capsule) that surrounds it, and as the capsule does have nerve endings this is what the pain could be. But it may also be due to other factors, such as gallstones or even how the baby is positioned inside you. It can also be linked to other serious pregnancy complications, so you will need a doctor to examine you to see what could be the cause. Not much has been written about why this kind of pain sometimes occurs in ICP, but as more and more women are reporting it on our forums, we know that it can be a problem. It would certainly seem to need further research so that specialists can learn more about it, especially as we also know that it sometimes continues to be a problem for a small number of women after the baby has been born.

• #11 Symptoms of Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy – ICP Care

  https://icpcare.org/intrahepatic-cholestasis-pregnancy/symptoms/

  Most people experience itching as the only symptom of Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy (ICP). […] The intensity of itching can vary greatly, and does not correlate with the severity of the disease, meaning you may have intense itching with either low or high bile acid levels. […] Many (but not all) patients experience increased itching in the evening and night. […] Classically, Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy itching has been described as occurring on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. […] Some itching in pregnancy can be normal, and not all itching is a sign of Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy. […] A minority of patients experience pain in the area of the liver, under the right ribs. […] Biochemical changes in your body may cause urine to darken. […] Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy can, in some cases, interfere with the flow of bile to such an extent that bile does not reach the intestines to give the stool its typical appearance, causing it to be pale gray clay colored.

• #12 Symptoms — ICP Support

  https://www.icpsupport.org/symptoms

  The itch in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) typically presents in the third trimester, but it can start as early as 7-8 weeks of pregnancy. […] It can be mild that you hardly notice it, or so severe that you scratch your skin until it bleeds. It can be constant or intermittent. […] Although the symptoms of ICP are distressing for you, they should resolve rapidly after your baby is born. […] Some (but not all) women with ICP develop other symptoms associated with cholestasis. These may include jaundice (yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes) although this is not common, dark urine and pale stools. […] It is not uncommon for women with ICP to feel generally unwell and tired, and to lose their appetite. […] Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ) pain. You might notice that you develop a tenderness or experience pain on your right-hand side, just underneath your rib cage. Women have reported this pain during their ICP pregnancy, but the liver doesnt actually have any nerve endings so its not this that is causing the pain. One thought is that the liver may be pressing against the membrane (called the capsule) that surrounds it, and as the capsule does have nerve endings this is what the pain could be. But it may also be due to other factors, such as gallstones or even how the baby is positioned inside you. It can also be linked to other serious pregnancy complications, so you will need a doctor to examine you to see what could be the cause. Not much has been written about why this kind of pain sometimes occurs in ICP, but as more and more women are reporting it on our forums, we know that it can be a problem. It would certainly seem to need further research so that specialists can learn more about it, especially as we also know that it sometimes continues to be a problem for a small number of women after the baby has been born.

• #13 Symptoms of Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy – ICP Care

  https://icpcare.org/intrahepatic-cholestasis-pregnancy/symptoms/

  Most people experience itching as the only symptom of Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy (ICP). […] The intensity of itching can vary greatly, and does not correlate with the severity of the disease, meaning you may have intense itching with either low or high bile acid levels. […] Many (but not all) patients experience increased itching in the evening and night. […] Classically, Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy itching has been described as occurring on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. […] Some itching in pregnancy can be normal, and not all itching is a sign of Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy. […] A minority of patients experience pain in the area of the liver, under the right ribs. […] Biochemical changes in your body may cause urine to darken. […] Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy can, in some cases, interfere with the flow of bile to such an extent that bile does not reach the intestines to give the stool its typical appearance, causing it to be pale gray clay colored.

• #14 Obstetric cholestasis (liver disorder in pregnancy) – Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust – Birth Choices Website

  https://www.buckshealthcare.nhs.uk/birthchoices/pifs/obstetric-cholestasis-liver-disorder-in-pregnancy/

  Obstetric cholestasis (OC) is a liver problem that can happen during pregnancy and may cause your body to make more bile acids. It can make the skin very itchy without there being a skin rash, but this gets better when your baby has been born. […] Itching can start any time during pregnancy, but usually begins after 28 weeks. It generally starts on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet, spreading to the arms and legs, although sometimes it may affect the whole body. It can vary from mild to intense and be persistent, and can be very distressing. The itching tends to be worse at night and can disturb sleep, often making you feel tired and exhausted during the day. […] A few women with OC develop jaundice (yellowing of the skin due to liver changes). Some women feel unwell and lose their appetite. Jaundice can also cause dark urine and pale bowel movements. You will be checked regularly by your Midwife or Doctor. The jaundice gets better after you have had your baby. […] After your baby is born the itching should quickly disappear and your LFTs and bile acids should return to normal.

• #15 Cholestasis Of Pregnancy: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17901-cholestasis-of-pregnancy

  Cholestasis of pregnancy is a liver disease that can develop late in pregnancy. The main symptom of cholestasis is severe itching. Cholestasis of pregnancy typically goes away after your baby is born. […] Cholestasis of pregnancy is a liver condition that causes severe itching late in pregnancy. Its also known as intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) or obstetric cholestasis. […] The main symptom of cholestasis of pregnancy is severe itching (pruritus). This itching starts on your hands and feet and spreads to other body parts. The itching is usually worse at night. Unlike other conditions that cause itching, cholestasis doesnt involve a rash. […] Cholestasis of pregnancy typically develops in the third trimester (around week 28 of pregnancy) when pregnancy hormone levels are at their highest.

• #16 Itching and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/pregnancy/related-conditions/complications/itching-and-intrahepatic-cholestasis/

  Itching can be a symptom of a liver condition called intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP), also known as obstetric cholestasis (OC). […] The main symptom is itching, usually without a rash. For many women with ICP, the itching is often: more noticeable on the hands and feet, but can be all over the body; worse at night. […] Symptoms of ICP typically start from around 28 weeks of pregnancy, but it’s possible to develop the condition earlier. […] Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a potentially serious liver disorder that can develop in pregnancy. […] In ICP, the bile acids do not flow properly and build up in your body instead. […] If you have had ICP in a previous pregnancy, you have a high chance of developing it again in another pregnancy. […] Some studies have found that babies whose mothers have ICP have a higher chance of being born prematurely or stillborn.

• #17 When it’s More Than Just an Itch: Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy (ICP) – The Natural Parent Magazine

  https://thenaturalparentmagazine.com/just-itch-intrahepatic-cholestasis-pregnancy-icp/

  The itch. Not a pleasant sensation and it varies in intensity from woman to woman, but has been described as like a tingle under the skin, to like an army of ants underneath my skin (source). This itching tends to affect the palms of the hands and soles of the feet, but can be elsewhere on the body too, and there is no rash. The itching can be worse at night and interrupt your sleep. Dark urine and pale stools can also be an indicator, as well as feeling unwell and not having much appetite. Some women develop jaundice (yellowing of the whites of the eyes and skin) but this is not common. […] The symptoms tend to start after 30 weeks gestation for about 80% of woman, though some experience it much earlier. […] There is considerable debate about the risk to the unborn baby. ICP has been linked to an increased risk of fetal distress, premature labour (spontaneous and iatrogenic), meconium staining and, in severe cases, stillbirth (Geenes et al 2013). (source) […] But by far the scariest risk is that of stillbirth. Stillbirth is more common in ICP babies than in uncomplicated pregnancies, a risk of between 1-4%, and tends to occur after 37 weeks. The risk is thought to be higher if there are other complications, such as gestational diabetes or pre-eclampsia.

• #18

  https://www.bhrhospitals.nhs.uk/obstetric-cholestasis-/

  Intrahepatic Cholestatis of Pregnancy (ICP) also known as obstetric cholestasis is a liver disorder that can develop during pregnancy. […] The main symptom is itching, usually without a rash. This is often worse at night and more noticeable on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet although it can be anywhere on the body. Itching is very common in pregnancy and only a small number of people will have ICP. But it is important to trust your instincts if you feel something isnt right and call your midwife or the 24 Hour Maternity Helpline 01708503742. […] Symptoms of ICP typically start from around 30 weeks of pregnancy. But it is possible to develop it as early as 8 weeks. […] ICP can be a very uncomfortable condition as the itching ranges from mild to intense. For some women, it can disturb their sleep and even make them want to scratch their skin until it bleeds. The itching does get better after birth, but some women will be at risk of long-term health issues such as gallstones and other liver diseases.

• #19 Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy

  https://liverfoundation.org/liver-diseases/complications-of-liver-disease/intrahepatic-cholestasis-of-pregnancy-icp/

  Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy (ICP) is a liver disorder which occurs during pregnancy. This condition affects the normal flow of bile. Bile acids are chemicals in the bile of the liver that help with digestion. With ICP the bile flow begins to slow down and the bile acids build up in the blood. This results in the woman itching that can vary in severity and type. The itching can be bothersome to severe itching and is often worse at night. There is rarely jaundice when experiencing this condition. Although it has been reported as early as 5 weeks pregnant, it is more common for it to begin in the third trimester, when hormone concentrations are at their highest levels. The figure for the percentage of women for whom Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy will recur in future pregnancies is 60% or as high as 90% for severe ICP.

• #20 Frequently Asked Questions About ICP – ICP Care

  https://icpcare.org/intrahepatic-cholestasis-pregnancy/faqs/

  Symptoms of Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy (ICP) include generalized itching that does not have to involve only the hands and feet. […] Early onset ICP is associated with more of a risk of meconium passage, preterm labor, and respiratory distress after birth than cases diagnosed later. […] Some pregnant women with ICP have pain on the right side under the right ribs and others mention the pain in the back just below the right shoulder blade. […] Itching in ICP is caused by the deposition of bile acids and does not respond as well to antihistamines which are medications that mainly affect a response to an allergen. […] Symptoms can occur weeks before bile acid levels are positive on a test. […] Delivery timing should be planned based on your highest bile acid level. […] ICP is associated with an increased risk of stillbirth (intrauterine fetal death), meconium staining in utero, spontaneous premature labor, fetal distress, and respiratory issues for the baby after birth.

• #21 Pregnancy Intrahepatic Cholestasis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551503/

  Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) can cause a significant risk for the fetus, and it is one of the treacherous risk factors for sudden fetal demise. ICP is also associated with an increased risk of adverse obstetrical outcomes. The risk of fetal death increases with increasing levels of bile acids, notably higher with bile acid levels of more than 100 micromol/L.

• #22 Cholestasis of pregnancy – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cholestasis-of-pregnancy/symptoms-causes/syc-20363257

  The itching is most common during the third trimester of pregnancy but sometimes begins earlier. It may feel worse as your due date gets near. But once your baby arrives, the itchiness usually goes away within a few days. […] Other less common signs and symptoms of cholestasis of pregnancy may include: Yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes, called jaundice; Nausea; Loss of appetite; Oily, foul-smelling stools. […] Contact your pregnancy care provider right away if you begin to feel constant or extreme itchiness.

• #23 Cholestasis of pregnancy | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/cholestasis-of-pregnancy?content_id=CON-20338994

  The itching is most common during the third trimester of pregnancy but sometimes begins earlier. It may feel worse as your due date gets near. But once your baby arrives, the itchiness usually goes away within a few days. […] Other less common signs and symptoms of cholestasis of pregnancy may include: Yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes, called jaundice; Nausea; Loss of appetite; Oily, foul-smelling stools. […] Complications from cholestasis of pregnancy appear to be due to high bile acid levels in the blood. Complications may occur in the mom, but the developing baby is especially at risk. […] In babies, the complications of cholestasis of pregnancy can be severe. They may include: Being born too early, also called preterm birth; Lung problems from breathing in meconium; Death of the baby late in pregnancy before delivery, also called stillbirth.

• #24 Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy

  https://liverfoundation.org/liver-diseases/complications-of-liver-disease/intrahepatic-cholestasis-of-pregnancy-icp/

  Cholestasis is more common in the last trimester of pregnancy when hormones are at their peak. […] Symptoms can vary in severity and type, but the most common ones include: Itching all over, but often more severe on palms and soles of the feet. The itching can be recurrent or constant. Many women find that it is worse at night and it disturbs their sleep. Dark Urine and/or Pale Stools (grayish in color) Preterm Labor Jaundice (rare) […] ICP has been associated with a substantial rate of preterm birth. There is an increased risk of spontaneous preterm labor, which has been seen in as many as 60% of deliveries in some studies, however with active management most studies report rates of 30%-40%. Earlier presentations of Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy (ICP) seem to carry an even greater risk of preterm labor, as well as twin or triplet pregnancies.

• #25 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Symptoms-of-intrahepatic-cholestasis-of-pregnancy-(ICP).aspx

  Intrahepatic cholestasis (ICP, also known as obstetric cholestasis) is a condition of pregnancy that commonly manifests as itching and in rare cases jaundice. […] The symptoms of the condition intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy include itching, jaundice and so forth. […] Itching seen in obstetric cholestasis is more intense. It usually begins after 25 to 28 weeks of pregnancy. There may be severe itching which is especially worse at nights and affects the arms, legs, soles and palms. It may also affect face, back, chest and breasts. […] The itching is present for days or weeks before the blood tests reveal abnormalities in the liver function tests. […] At least 1 in five women with ICP may go on to develop mild jaundice. This is manifested as yellowish discoloration of skin, nail beds and whites of the eyes. […] In addition to itching and jaundice, other symptoms include general weakness, feeling of unwell and tiredness and easy fatigability.

• #26 Symptoms of Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy – ICP Care

  https://icpcare.org/intrahepatic-cholestasis-pregnancy/symptoms/

  Most people experience itching as the only symptom of Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy (ICP). […] The intensity of itching can vary greatly, and does not correlate with the severity of the disease, meaning you may have intense itching with either low or high bile acid levels. […] Many (but not all) patients experience increased itching in the evening and night. […] Classically, Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy itching has been described as occurring on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. […] Some itching in pregnancy can be normal, and not all itching is a sign of Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy. […] A minority of patients experience pain in the area of the liver, under the right ribs. […] Biochemical changes in your body may cause urine to darken. […] Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy can, in some cases, interfere with the flow of bile to such an extent that bile does not reach the intestines to give the stool its typical appearance, causing it to be pale gray clay colored.

• #27 Cholestasis of Pregnancy: Causes, Symptoms, & Treatment | Zaya

  https://zayacare.com/blog/cholestasis-of-pregnancy/

  Cholestasis of pregnancy has many interrelated causes that lead to a buildup of bile acids in the bloodstream. […] The most common symptom is itching, particularly of the palms of your hands and soles of your feet. Some women will temporarily develop yellowing of the skin – a condition called jaundice. […] About 1% to 4% of pregnant women develop a slowdown in the flow of bile, leading to an excess of bile acids in the bloodstream. The problem almost always happens after 30 weeks gestation. […] The itching occurs because the bile acids irritate the skin. The itching feels worse at night and often interferes with being able to sleep comfortably. […] In most cases, the symptoms of cholestasis of pregnancy are mild and may include: Itching, Expect to see itching of the palms and soles first. Generalized itching can also develop over time. […] About 10% to 15% of women with cholestasis will have mildly yellow skin that resolves after delivery. […] This is less common. Fatty stools are pale, greasy, and generally looser than normal. […] If you lack the ability to absorb Vitamin K, you can have bruising, bleeding gums, or nosebleeds.

• #28 Content – Health Encyclopedia – University of Rochester Medical Center

  https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content?ContentTypeID=90&ContentID=P02440

  Cholestasis of pregnancy is a liver problem. It slows or stops the normal flow of bile from the gallbladder. This causes itching and yellowing of your skin, eyes, and mucous membranes (jaundice). Cholestasis sometimes starts in early pregnancy. But it is more common in the second and third trimesters. The main symptom of cholestasis of pregnancy is severe itching. This is sometimes called pruritus. It may be all over the body. But it is more common on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. It may also be worse at night. Other symptoms may include: Pain in the belly (abdomen), although this is not common; Light color of stool (bowel movements); Yellow color of skin, eyes, and mucous membranes (jaundice), although this is not common. The goals of treating cholestasis of pregnancy are to relieve the itching and prevent complications for your developing baby. Babies of women with cholestasis are often delivered early (usually around 37 weeks) because of the risks. […] Cholestasis of pregnancy can also lead to vitamin K deficiency. This will need to be treated before you give birth, because it can cause you to bleed too much.

• #29 Symptoms of Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy – ICP Care

  https://icpcare.org/intrahepatic-cholestasis-pregnancy/symptoms/

  Most people experience itching as the only symptom of Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy (ICP). […] The intensity of itching can vary greatly, and does not correlate with the severity of the disease, meaning you may have intense itching with either low or high bile acid levels. […] Many (but not all) patients experience increased itching in the evening and night. […] Classically, Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy itching has been described as occurring on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. […] Some itching in pregnancy can be normal, and not all itching is a sign of Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy. […] A minority of patients experience pain in the area of the liver, under the right ribs. […] Biochemical changes in your body may cause urine to darken. […] Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy can, in some cases, interfere with the flow of bile to such an extent that bile does not reach the intestines to give the stool its typical appearance, causing it to be pale gray clay colored.

• #30 Cholestasis of pregnancy – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cholestasis-of-pregnancy/symptoms-causes/syc-20363257

  The itching is most common during the third trimester of pregnancy but sometimes begins earlier. It may feel worse as your due date gets near. But once your baby arrives, the itchiness usually goes away within a few days. […] Other less common signs and symptoms of cholestasis of pregnancy may include: Yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes, called jaundice; Nausea; Loss of appetite; Oily, foul-smelling stools. […] Contact your pregnancy care provider right away if you begin to feel constant or extreme itchiness.

• #31 Cholestasis of pregnancy | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/cholestasis-of-pregnancy?content_id=CON-20338994

  The itching is most common during the third trimester of pregnancy but sometimes begins earlier. It may feel worse as your due date gets near. But once your baby arrives, the itchiness usually goes away within a few days. […] Other less common signs and symptoms of cholestasis of pregnancy may include: Yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes, called jaundice; Nausea; Loss of appetite; Oily, foul-smelling stools. […] Complications from cholestasis of pregnancy appear to be due to high bile acid levels in the blood. Complications may occur in the mom, but the developing baby is especially at risk. […] In babies, the complications of cholestasis of pregnancy can be severe. They may include: Being born too early, also called preterm birth; Lung problems from breathing in meconium; Death of the baby late in pregnancy before delivery, also called stillbirth.

• #32 Frequently Asked Questions About ICP – ICP Care

  https://icpcare.org/intrahepatic-cholestasis-pregnancy/faqs/

  Symptoms of Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy (ICP) include generalized itching that does not have to involve only the hands and feet. […] Early onset ICP is associated with more of a risk of meconium passage, preterm labor, and respiratory distress after birth than cases diagnosed later. […] Some pregnant women with ICP have pain on the right side under the right ribs and others mention the pain in the back just below the right shoulder blade. […] Itching in ICP is caused by the deposition of bile acids and does not respond as well to antihistamines which are medications that mainly affect a response to an allergen. […] Symptoms can occur weeks before bile acid levels are positive on a test. […] Delivery timing should be planned based on your highest bile acid level. […] ICP is associated with an increased risk of stillbirth (intrauterine fetal death), meconium staining in utero, spontaneous premature labor, fetal distress, and respiratory issues for the baby after birth.

• #33 Symptoms of Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy – ICP Care

  https://icpcare.org/intrahepatic-cholestasis-pregnancy/symptoms/

  Most people experience itching as the only symptom of Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy (ICP). […] The intensity of itching can vary greatly, and does not correlate with the severity of the disease, meaning you may have intense itching with either low or high bile acid levels. […] Many (but not all) patients experience increased itching in the evening and night. […] Classically, Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy itching has been described as occurring on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. […] Some itching in pregnancy can be normal, and not all itching is a sign of Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy. […] A minority of patients experience pain in the area of the liver, under the right ribs. […] Biochemical changes in your body may cause urine to darken. […] Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy can, in some cases, interfere with the flow of bile to such an extent that bile does not reach the intestines to give the stool its typical appearance, causing it to be pale gray clay colored.

• #34 Cholestasis of pregnancy | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/cholestasis-of-pregnancy?content_id=CON-20338994

  The itching is most common during the third trimester of pregnancy but sometimes begins earlier. It may feel worse as your due date gets near. But once your baby arrives, the itchiness usually goes away within a few days. […] Other less common signs and symptoms of cholestasis of pregnancy may include: Yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes, called jaundice; Nausea; Loss of appetite; Oily, foul-smelling stools. […] Complications from cholestasis of pregnancy appear to be due to high bile acid levels in the blood. Complications may occur in the mom, but the developing baby is especially at risk. […] In babies, the complications of cholestasis of pregnancy can be severe. They may include: Being born too early, also called preterm birth; Lung problems from breathing in meconium; Death of the baby late in pregnancy before delivery, also called stillbirth.

• #35 Cholestasis in Pregnancy – Signs & Treatment – Huggies AU

  https://www.huggies.com.au/pregnancy/pregnancy-health-care/cholestasis

  Feeling exhausted and never well rested; lack of concentration and becoming almost preoccupied by getting more sleep. […] A change to the colour of the bowel motions so they begin to appear pale. This is due to the undigested fat which is being excreted in the mother?s stools, a condition known as steatorrhoea. […] Feelings of nausea and gut unrest. […] Discomfort in the upper right region of the abdomen.

• #36 Cholestasis in Pregnancy – Signs & Treatment – Huggies AU

  https://www.huggies.com.au/pregnancy/pregnancy-health-care/cholestasis

  Feeling exhausted and never well rested; lack of concentration and becoming almost preoccupied by getting more sleep. […] A change to the colour of the bowel motions so they begin to appear pale. This is due to the undigested fat which is being excreted in the mother?s stools, a condition known as steatorrhoea. […] Feelings of nausea and gut unrest. […] Discomfort in the upper right region of the abdomen.

• #37 Symptoms of Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy – ICP Care

  https://icpcare.org/intrahepatic-cholestasis-pregnancy/symptoms/

  Some patients with ICP report various degrees of malaise. […] Jaundice, yellowing of the skin and eyes, is very uncommon, occurring in 10% or less of patients. […] Mild depression may develop as a result of biochemical changes in the body, hormonal changes, lack of sleep, and/or the inability to escape the itch.

• #38 Cholestasis in Pregnancy – Signs & Treatment – Huggies AU

  https://www.huggies.com.au/pregnancy/pregnancy-health-care/cholestasis

  Cholestasis in pregnancy, otherwise known as Obstetric Cholestasis or Intrahepatic Cholestasis is a relatively rare condition, occurring in 1 in every 1000 pregnancies. […] Intense skin itching is the predominant sign of this condition. […] Skin itching which can become very severe, particularly during the third trimester or during late pregnancy. This generally occurs from around the 28 week onwards and is not associated with a rash. The itch can also spread to the limb extremities e.g. the arms and legs and also affect the trunk. […] Itching can be more intense on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet. […] Dark coloured urine due to the excretion of bile salts. […] Mood swings, feeling down and depressed, especially if driven to distraction by itching. […] Insomnia and changes in sleep patterns.

• #39 Symptoms of Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy – ICP Care

  https://icpcare.org/intrahepatic-cholestasis-pregnancy/symptoms/

  Some patients with ICP report various degrees of malaise. […] Jaundice, yellowing of the skin and eyes, is very uncommon, occurring in 10% or less of patients. […] Mild depression may develop as a result of biochemical changes in the body, hormonal changes, lack of sleep, and/or the inability to escape the itch.

• #40 Pregnancy Intrahepatic Cholestasis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551503/

  Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a liver disorder in the late second and early third trimester of pregnancy. It is characterized by pruritus with increased serum bile acids and other liver function tests. The symptoms and biochemical abnormality rapidly resolve after delivery. ICP is associated with an increased risk of adverse obstetrical outcomes, which include stillbirth, respiratory distress syndrome, meconium passage, and fetal asphyxiation. […] Classically, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) presents in the late second trimester to the early third trimester. The most common complaint is generalized intense pruritus, which usually starts after the 30th week of pregnancy. Pruritus can be more common in palms and soles and is typically worse at night. Other symptoms of cholestasis, such as nausea, anorexia, fatigue, right upper quadrant pain, dark urine, and pale stool, can be present. Clinical jaundice is rare but may present in 14 to 25% of patients after 1 to 4 weeks of the onset of pruritus. Pruritis is a cardinal symptom of ICP and may precede biochemical abnormalities.

• #41 Cholestasis in Pregnancy – Signs & Treatment – Huggies AU

  https://www.huggies.com.au/pregnancy/pregnancy-health-care/cholestasis

  Cholestasis in pregnancy, otherwise known as Obstetric Cholestasis or Intrahepatic Cholestasis is a relatively rare condition, occurring in 1 in every 1000 pregnancies. […] Intense skin itching is the predominant sign of this condition. […] Skin itching which can become very severe, particularly during the third trimester or during late pregnancy. This generally occurs from around the 28 week onwards and is not associated with a rash. The itch can also spread to the limb extremities e.g. the arms and legs and also affect the trunk. […] Itching can be more intense on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet. […] Dark coloured urine due to the excretion of bile salts. […] Mood swings, feeling down and depressed, especially if driven to distraction by itching. […] Insomnia and changes in sleep patterns.

• #42 Cholestasis of pregnancy – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cholestasis-of-pregnancy/symptoms-causes/syc-20363257

  Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, commonly known as cholestasis of pregnancy, is a liver condition that can occur in late pregnancy. The condition triggers intense itching, but without a rash. Itching is usually on the hands and feet but also can occur on other parts of the body. […] Cholestasis of pregnancy can make you very uncomfortable. But more worrisome are the potential complications, especially for your baby. Because of the risk of complications, your pregnancy care provider may recommend early term delivery around 37 weeks. […] Intense itching is the main symptom of cholestasis of pregnancy. But there is no rash. Typically, you feel itchy on the palms of your hands or the soles of your feet, but you may feel itchy everywhere. The itching is often worse at night and may bother you so much that you can’t sleep.

• #43 What is cholestasis of pregnancy?

  https://www.babycenter.com/pregnancy/your-body/cholestasis-of-pregnancy_20000158

  Cholestasis of pregnancy is a potentially serious liver condition that causes sudden, severe itching. It happens when bile starts building up in the liver. […] The first symptom of cholestasis is typically intense itchiness. Other symptoms include queasiness or lack of appetite, jaundice, and unusual feces or urine. […] Severe itching without a rash is the first and most obvious symptom of cholestasis. Itching usually begins in the third trimester and typically affects your palms and the soles of your feet, but it can happen anywhere on your body and is often worse at night. […] Cholestasis in pregnancy increases the risk of several complications, including preterm birth, respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), meconium aspiration, stillbirth, and preeclampsia. […] For most pregnant women, cholestasis symptoms disappear within a few days of giving birth. If you still have itchiness and other symptoms, your provider will check to see if you have an underlying liver condition or another health issue.

• #44 Cholestasis of pregnancy | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/cholestasis-of-pregnancy?content_id=CON-20338994

  The itching is most common during the third trimester of pregnancy but sometimes begins earlier. It may feel worse as your due date gets near. But once your baby arrives, the itchiness usually goes away within a few days. […] Other less common signs and symptoms of cholestasis of pregnancy may include: Yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes, called jaundice; Nausea; Loss of appetite; Oily, foul-smelling stools. […] Complications from cholestasis of pregnancy appear to be due to high bile acid levels in the blood. Complications may occur in the mom, but the developing baby is especially at risk. […] In babies, the complications of cholestasis of pregnancy can be severe. They may include: Being born too early, also called preterm birth; Lung problems from breathing in meconium; Death of the baby late in pregnancy before delivery, also called stillbirth.

• #45 Cholestasis of Pregnancy: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & More

  https://www.prepladder.com/neet-pg-study-material/obstetrics-and-gynaecology/cholestasis-of-pregnancy-causes-symptoms-risk-factors-diagnosis-treatment-prevention-and-complications

  Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, or simply cholestasis of pregnancy, is a liver disease that can occur in late pregnancy. The sickness causes intense itching, but there isn’t a rash. Itching mostly affects the hands and feet, though it can occur on other parts of the body as well. […] The main symptom of cholestasis in pregnancy is intense itching. But there’s not even a rash. Although itching can occur anywhere, it typically occurs on the soles of the feet or the palms of the hands. The itching might keep you awake at night and is typically severe at night. […] The itching is most common during the third trimester of pregnancy, however it may sometimes begin earlier. It may seem more intense as your due date draws near. After your baby is born, the itching usually stops in a few days.

• #46 Cholestasis of Pregnancy: Causes, Symptoms, & Treatment | Zaya

  https://zayacare.com/blog/cholestasis-of-pregnancy/

  Cholestasis of pregnancy has many interrelated causes that lead to a buildup of bile acids in the bloodstream. […] The most common symptom is itching, particularly of the palms of your hands and soles of your feet. Some women will temporarily develop yellowing of the skin – a condition called jaundice. […] About 1% to 4% of pregnant women develop a slowdown in the flow of bile, leading to an excess of bile acids in the bloodstream. The problem almost always happens after 30 weeks gestation. […] The itching occurs because the bile acids irritate the skin. The itching feels worse at night and often interferes with being able to sleep comfortably. […] In most cases, the symptoms of cholestasis of pregnancy are mild and may include: Itching, Expect to see itching of the palms and soles first. Generalized itching can also develop over time. […] About 10% to 15% of women with cholestasis will have mildly yellow skin that resolves after delivery. […] This is less common. Fatty stools are pale, greasy, and generally looser than normal. […] If you lack the ability to absorb Vitamin K, you can have bruising, bleeding gums, or nosebleeds.

• #47 Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy

  https://mobile.fpnotebook.com/Derm/OB/IntrhptcChlstsOfPrgncy.htm

  Severe Pruritus in third trimester of pregnancy (typically starting around 30 weeks gestation) […] Jaundice occurs in 14 to 25% of patients (follows Pruritus onset by 1 to 4 weeks) […] Jaundice develops in 10% of patients, starting 2 to 4 weeks after Pruritus onset […] Resolves with delivery (often within 48 hours, typically by 6 weeks postpartum) […] Fetal adverse effects increase with degree of bile acid accumulation.

• #48 Pregnancy Intrahepatic Cholestasis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551503/

  The diagnosis of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is via the presence of clinical symptom that is pruritus in the third trimester with elevated maternal total serum bile acids and excluding other diagnoses, which can cause similar symptoms and lab abnormalities. The risk for fetal complications increases in severe cholestasis with increased serum bile acid levels, usually over 40 micromol/L. […] Maternal prognosis is benign in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) and symptoms, and abnormal liver biochemistry resolves rapidly after delivery. In a large cohort study, women with ICP were found to have a high incidence of hepatobiliary disorders later in life and, hepatitis C, chronic hepatitis, hepatic fibrosis or cirrhosis, and gallstones or cholangitis were seen more commonly in these women compared to the general population.

• #49 Metabolic changes in bile acids with pregnancy progression and their correlation with perinatal complications in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnant patients | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-22974-8

  Studies have suggested maternal TBA as a threshold for predicting the occurrence of fetal complications, with each additional 1-mol/L of TBA increasing the incidence of fetal complications by 12%. […] The occurrence of ICP may be due to the hindered transformation of primary to secondary BAs, which results in the accumulation of conjugated CA and CDCA. […] Elevated ALB, TBA, TB and GCA percentages taken together predict the risk of PTB, suggesting that the increased liver load in the second trimester is positively correlated with PTB. […] In conclusion, we found that patients with different types of ICP have distinct serum BA profiles. […] In addition, an elevated TCA percentage might be used to predict PTB in patients with LICP.

• #50 Frequently Asked Questions About ICP – ICP Care

  https://icpcare.org/intrahepatic-cholestasis-pregnancy/faqs/

  Symptoms of Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy (ICP) include generalized itching that does not have to involve only the hands and feet. […] Early onset ICP is associated with more of a risk of meconium passage, preterm labor, and respiratory distress after birth than cases diagnosed later. […] Some pregnant women with ICP have pain on the right side under the right ribs and others mention the pain in the back just below the right shoulder blade. […] Itching in ICP is caused by the deposition of bile acids and does not respond as well to antihistamines which are medications that mainly affect a response to an allergen. […] Symptoms can occur weeks before bile acid levels are positive on a test. […] Delivery timing should be planned based on your highest bile acid level. […] ICP is associated with an increased risk of stillbirth (intrauterine fetal death), meconium staining in utero, spontaneous premature labor, fetal distress, and respiratory issues for the baby after birth.

• #51 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Symptoms-of-intrahepatic-cholestasis-of-pregnancy-(ICP).aspx

  Intrahepatic cholestasis (ICP, also known as obstetric cholestasis) is a condition of pregnancy that commonly manifests as itching and in rare cases jaundice. […] The symptoms of the condition intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy include itching, jaundice and so forth. […] Itching seen in obstetric cholestasis is more intense. It usually begins after 25 to 28 weeks of pregnancy. There may be severe itching which is especially worse at nights and affects the arms, legs, soles and palms. It may also affect face, back, chest and breasts. […] The itching is present for days or weeks before the blood tests reveal abnormalities in the liver function tests. […] At least 1 in five women with ICP may go on to develop mild jaundice. This is manifested as yellowish discoloration of skin, nail beds and whites of the eyes. […] In addition to itching and jaundice, other symptoms include general weakness, feeling of unwell and tiredness and easy fatigability.

• #52 Cholestasis of pregnancy – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cholestasis-of-pregnancy/symptoms-causes/syc-20363257

  The itching is most common during the third trimester of pregnancy but sometimes begins earlier. It may feel worse as your due date gets near. But once your baby arrives, the itchiness usually goes away within a few days. […] Other less common signs and symptoms of cholestasis of pregnancy may include: Yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes, called jaundice; Nausea; Loss of appetite; Oily, foul-smelling stools. […] Contact your pregnancy care provider right away if you begin to feel constant or extreme itchiness.

• #53 Cholestasis Of Pregnancy: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17901-cholestasis-of-pregnancy

  Cholestasis of pregnancy is more likely to begin after the 28th week of pregnancy but it can start earlier. […] Cholestasis of pregnancy goes away a few days after your baby is born. Your bile levels return to normal after delivery. You can stop taking medication once your levels return to typical levels.

• #54 Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy – British Liver Trust

  https://britishlivertrust.org.uk/information-and-support/liver-conditions/intrahepatic-cholestasis-pregnancy/

  The main symptom is itching. You might hear this called pruritus by health professionals such as doctors and midwives. The itching can sometimes be very hard to cope with, but ICP is not dangerous for the pregnant person. […] The most common symptom of ICP is itching. This can range from quite mild to very severe. It usually starts after 20 weeks of pregnancy. […] Most people will not have any other symptoms of ICP. In rare cases you can develop jaundice. This is a yellow colour to your eyes or skin. Or notice that your poo is a very pale, putty colour. […] It is unlikely that ICP will cause any serious problems for your baby. It can increase the risk of your baby being born early. […] ICP can sometimes increase the risk of stillbirth late in pregnancy. This is rare, and the risk can be reduced by planning to have your baby a few weeks early. […] Itching usually stops within a few days of birth, often in the first few hours. ICP should have no long-term effects on your liver or your general health. But it is important to get another blood test to check that everything has gone back to normal.

• #55 Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy (ICP) | Tommy’sCloseleft-arrowleft-arrowleft-arrowleft-arrowleft-arrowleft-arrowCloseReconfirm cookies choice

  https://www.tommys.org/pregnancy-information/pregnancy-complications/obstetric-cholestasis

  Symptoms of ICP usually start from around 28 weeks of pregnancy but can start at any time. […] Itching is the main symptom of ICP. Itching without a rash is the most common symptom. It is often worse at night and more noticeable on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet, but it can be anywhere on the body. Itching from ICP affects people differently and can vary at different times. […] It can be mild or intense and affect only small areas of your body or all of it. It can be distressing and affect your sleep. ICP itching will stop soon after you’ve given birth, usually in hours or days. […] Other less common symptoms of ICP may include dark wee, pale poo, and yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes (jaundice). […] ICP symptoms get better once you’ve given birth. But it can take a few weeks for your blood tests to return to normal. […] Having ICP increases your chance of having it again in future pregnancies.

• #56 Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy | March of Dimes

  https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/pregnancy/intrahepatic-cholestasis-pregnancy

  ICP is a liver condition that can increase your risk for problems, including preterm birth, stillbirth and heavy bleeding after birth. […] If you have any signs or symptoms of ICP, like feeling itchy on the palms of your hands or soles of your feet, tell your health care provider. […] Signs and symptoms of ICP can range from mild to severe and may begin in your second or third trimester. Call your provider if you have signs and symptoms of ICP, including: Severe itching. Itchy skin is the most common symptom of ICP. You may itch all over your body, but it may be most severe on the palms of your hands and the bottom of your feet. Itching may be the worst at night, and it may wake you up or make it hard to sleep. […] Itching should stop within a few days of giving birth. Your provider may recommend blood tests after giving birth to check your bile acid levels and make sure your liver is working well.

• #57

  https://www.bhrhospitals.nhs.uk/obstetric-cholestasis-/

  ICP increases the risk of: Your baby passing meconium (poo) during pregnancy or labour this may cause breathing problems after birth, Premature birth research shows that about 1 in 10 women diagnosed with ICP will have their baby early (most preterm deliveries are induced, rather than spontaneous/happen naturally), Stillbirth. […] Will you still have ICP after you give birth? ICP usually goes away after you have your baby. […] If you have had ICP in a previous pregnancy, you have a high chance (up to 90%) of developing it again.

• #58 Intrahepatic Cholestasis in Pregnancy: Review of the Literature

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/5/1361

  Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is the most common hepatic disorder related to pregnancy in women. It usually develops within the third trimester of pregnancy and presents with pruritus as well as elevated levels of bile acid and/or alanine aminotransferase. […] The first and major symptom of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy consists of pruritus, which occurs in the second/third trimester of pregnancy (usually after 30 weeks). Most frequently, the disorder affects volar surfaces of hands and feet. However, all body parts may be affected. Pruritus tends to exacerbate during the night, possibly entailing insomnia, irritability, and even depression. […] Spontaneous resolution of symptoms within 2–3 weeks after the delivery is characteristic of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Thus, the disease is a medical problem due to the risks to the fetus. The risk of bleeding into fetal CNS has already been mentioned. In addition, ICP increases the risk of premature delivery (20–60%), intrauterine asphyxia (up to 44%), meconium staining of the amniotic fluid, and fetal bradycardia. The risk of harmful effects to the fetus increases along with maternal blood TBA levels.

• #59 What is pregnancy cholestasis? Know its causes, symptoms and treatments.

  https://famicord.lu/en/pregnancy-zone-2/illnesses-during-pregnancy/was-ist-schwangerschafts-cholestase-seine-ursachen-symptome-und-behandlungen-kennen

  Cholestasis in pregnancy belongs to the so-called intrahepatic cholestasis, which is caused by abnormal bile excretion at the level of hepatocytes. It occurs in about 4% of all pregnant women. Typically, symptoms of cholestasis during pregnancy appear around 30 weeks of gestation. The most common complaint is skin itching without a rash. If you notice such a symptom, please report it to your health care provider right away. […] Symptoms increase around the 30th week of pregnancy, which is related to the highest concentration of hormones during this period. […] The most characteristic symptom is skin itching, which is not accompanied by a rash. Initially, it covers the hands and feet, then other areas of the body. […] About 1-4 weeks after itching, jaundice, i.e. yellowing of the skin, eye proteins and mucous membranes of varying intensity, occurs. In addition, symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, and liver enlargement. The symptoms of cholestasis gradually disappear after birth and usually disappear within three weeks after the birth of the child.

• #60 Obstetric Cholestasis – Saolta Maternity Services

  https://www.uhgmaternity.com/pregnancy/obstetric-cholestasis/

  A few women with obstetric cholestasis develop jaundice (yellowing of the skin owing to liver changes). Some women feel unwell and lose their appetite. Jaundice can also cause dark urine and pale bowel movements. […] Itching is very common in pregnancy, affecting 23 in 100 women (23%), but only a small proportion of those women will have obstetric cholestasis. However, itching is often the first sign of obstetric cholestasis, often being worse at night and involving the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. Therefore, if you do have itching, it is important you tell your midwife or obstetrician. […] Obstetric cholestasis gets better after birth. However, you should have a follow-up appointment with a healthcare professional with knowledge of obstetric cholestasis 6-8 weeks after the birth of your baby. The purpose of your follow-up is to ensure that your itching has gone away and that your liver is working normally. Continuing symptoms and abnormal liver function tests may suggest a different problem after all and you should then be referred to a specialist.

• #61 Obstetric Cholestasis: Itching to Know the Reason? – Dr Pamela Tan

  https://drpamelatan.com/obstetric-cholestasis-whats-the-itch-all-about/

  You may continue to itch for some time after delivery, especially in prolonged cases, or if you have several pregnancies over a short period of time. It is fortunate that this condition typically goes away after your baby is born. […] The goal of treatment is to relieve itching and prevent complications. Aside from the seemingly unbearable itching, it is the fear of not knowing how the condition is affecting your baby that increases your anxiety. To ensure your baby’s safety, treatment may include: Home remedies. Cold or ice baths slows down blood circulation, which can help relieve itching, and wearing loose-fitting cotton garments help minimise it. […] It is advised that you get a follow-up appointment with your doctor 6-8 weeks after giving birth. This visit is necessary to assess your symptoms and liver function thoroughly. Persistent symptoms and abnormal liver function test results suggest a different problem which calls for a referral to a specialist.

• #62 Itching and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/pregnancy/related-conditions/complications/itching-and-intrahepatic-cholestasis/

  Itching can be a symptom of a liver condition called intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP), also known as obstetric cholestasis (OC). […] The main symptom is itching, usually without a rash. For many women with ICP, the itching is often: more noticeable on the hands and feet, but can be all over the body; worse at night. […] Symptoms of ICP typically start from around 28 weeks of pregnancy, but it’s possible to develop the condition earlier. […] Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a potentially serious liver disorder that can develop in pregnancy. […] In ICP, the bile acids do not flow properly and build up in your body instead. […] If you have had ICP in a previous pregnancy, you have a high chance of developing it again in another pregnancy. […] Some studies have found that babies whose mothers have ICP have a higher chance of being born prematurely or stillborn.

• #63 Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy (ICP) | Tommy’sCloseleft-arrowleft-arrowleft-arrowleft-arrowleft-arrowleft-arrowCloseReconfirm cookies choice

  https://www.tommys.org/pregnancy-information/pregnancy-complications/obstetric-cholestasis

  Symptoms of ICP usually start from around 28 weeks of pregnancy but can start at any time. […] Itching is the main symptom of ICP. Itching without a rash is the most common symptom. It is often worse at night and more noticeable on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet, but it can be anywhere on the body. Itching from ICP affects people differently and can vary at different times. […] It can be mild or intense and affect only small areas of your body or all of it. It can be distressing and affect your sleep. ICP itching will stop soon after you’ve given birth, usually in hours or days. […] Other less common symptoms of ICP may include dark wee, pale poo, and yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes (jaundice). […] ICP symptoms get better once you’ve given birth. But it can take a few weeks for your blood tests to return to normal. […] Having ICP increases your chance of having it again in future pregnancies.

• #64 Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy

  https://liverfoundation.org/liver-diseases/complications-of-liver-disease/intrahepatic-cholestasis-of-pregnancy-icp/

  Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy (ICP) is a liver disorder which occurs during pregnancy. This condition affects the normal flow of bile. Bile acids are chemicals in the bile of the liver that help with digestion. With ICP the bile flow begins to slow down and the bile acids build up in the blood. This results in the woman itching that can vary in severity and type. The itching can be bothersome to severe itching and is often worse at night. There is rarely jaundice when experiencing this condition. Although it has been reported as early as 5 weeks pregnant, it is more common for it to begin in the third trimester, when hormone concentrations are at their highest levels. The figure for the percentage of women for whom Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy will recur in future pregnancies is 60% or as high as 90% for severe ICP.

• #65 Frequently Asked Questions About ICP – ICP Care

  https://icpcare.org/intrahepatic-cholestasis-pregnancy/faqs/

  Women carrying multiples appear to have a higher risk of developing ICP. […] Most patients with ICP have resolution of their itching soon after delivery. […] Reported recurrence rates are between 60-90%. […] There is no research to show it will be worse in subsequent pregnancies or that it can be prevented. […] Many that have experienced ICP have noticed cyclical itching which occurs during ovulation or the start of menstruation.

• #66 Cholestasis of Pregnancy: Diagnosis, Symptoms, Treatment, More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/pregnancy/cholestasis-pregnancy

  Cholestasis of pregnancy does pose some risk to your baby, both before and after birth. Possible serious complications of untreated cholestasis can include: preterm birth, fetal distress, breathing problems from inhaling meconium in the amniotic fluid, stillbirth. […] Research also suggests that more serious cases of cholestasis are more likely to have more serious complications. […] If youve ever had cholestasis with a previous pregnancy, youre at risk for developing it again with a future pregnancy. […] The likelihood of a recurrence during a future pregnancy could rise as high as 90 percent for women whove had a severe case of cholestasis during pregnancy. […] Typically, cholestasis goes away once youve given birth to your baby. Your bile acid levels will drop back down to normal levels, and the itching will cease.

• #67 Frequently Asked Questions About ICP – ICP Care

  https://icpcare.org/intrahepatic-cholestasis-pregnancy/faqs/

  Women carrying multiples appear to have a higher risk of developing ICP. […] Most patients with ICP have resolution of their itching soon after delivery. […] Reported recurrence rates are between 60-90%. […] There is no research to show it will be worse in subsequent pregnancies or that it can be prevented. […] Many that have experienced ICP have noticed cyclical itching which occurs during ovulation or the start of menstruation.

• #68 Frequently Asked Questions About ICP – ICP Care

  https://icpcare.org/intrahepatic-cholestasis-pregnancy/faqs/

  Women carrying multiples appear to have a higher risk of developing ICP. […] Most patients with ICP have resolution of their itching soon after delivery. […] Reported recurrence rates are between 60-90%. […] There is no research to show it will be worse in subsequent pregnancies or that it can be prevented. […] Many that have experienced ICP have noticed cyclical itching which occurs during ovulation or the start of menstruation.

• #69 Pregnancy Intrahepatic Cholestasis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551503/

  The diagnosis of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is via the presence of clinical symptom that is pruritus in the third trimester with elevated maternal total serum bile acids and excluding other diagnoses, which can cause similar symptoms and lab abnormalities. The risk for fetal complications increases in severe cholestasis with increased serum bile acid levels, usually over 40 micromol/L. […] Maternal prognosis is benign in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) and symptoms, and abnormal liver biochemistry resolves rapidly after delivery. In a large cohort study, women with ICP were found to have a high incidence of hepatobiliary disorders later in life and, hepatitis C, chronic hepatitis, hepatic fibrosis or cirrhosis, and gallstones or cholangitis were seen more commonly in these women compared to the general population.

• #70 Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: MedlinePlus GeneticsLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/intrahepatic-cholestasis-of-pregnancy/

  Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (also called ICP) is a liver disorder that typically occurs during the second half of pregnancy. Severe itchiness (pruritus) is typically one of the first symptoms of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. The itchiness usually begins on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet before spreading to other parts of the body. […] Women with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy typically do not continue to have signs and symptoms of the condition after having the baby, though they may have an increased risk of developing disorders of the gallbladder, liver, or heart later in life. […] Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy can cause problems for the baby. This condition is associated with an increased risk of premature delivery and breathing problems in the newborn (meconium aspiration). Some infants born to women with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy experience a slow heart rate and a lack of oxygen during delivery (fetal distress). Women with higher levels of bile acids in their blood also have an increased risk of stillbirth.

• #71 Cholestasis of Pregnancy: Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/cholestasis-of-pregnancy-5120888

  Possible complications of ICP include stillbirth, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, preterm birth, and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission. […] Maternal symptoms usually resolve shortly after giving birth. The long-term maternal prognosis is good, although a study did find an increased risk for a later diagnosis of gallstones, liver cirrhosis, and hepatitis C. […] If you experience any symptoms of ICPespecially the most common symptom of itching skintell your healthcare provider. Diagnosing and managing ICP is the only way to reduce the risk of complications. Remember, most of the time ICP resolves after giving birth, and people do not usually go on to have long-term complications from it.

• #72 Pregnancy Intrahepatic Cholestasis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551503/

  The diagnosis of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is via the presence of clinical symptom that is pruritus in the third trimester with elevated maternal total serum bile acids and excluding other diagnoses, which can cause similar symptoms and lab abnormalities. The risk for fetal complications increases in severe cholestasis with increased serum bile acid levels, usually over 40 micromol/L. […] Maternal prognosis is benign in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) and symptoms, and abnormal liver biochemistry resolves rapidly after delivery. In a large cohort study, women with ICP were found to have a high incidence of hepatobiliary disorders later in life and, hepatitis C, chronic hepatitis, hepatic fibrosis or cirrhosis, and gallstones or cholangitis were seen more commonly in these women compared to the general population.

• #73 Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: MedlinePlus GeneticsLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/intrahepatic-cholestasis-of-pregnancy/

  Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (also called ICP) is a liver disorder that typically occurs during the second half of pregnancy. Severe itchiness (pruritus) is typically one of the first symptoms of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. The itchiness usually begins on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet before spreading to other parts of the body. […] Women with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy typically do not continue to have signs and symptoms of the condition after having the baby, though they may have an increased risk of developing disorders of the gallbladder, liver, or heart later in life. […] Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy can cause problems for the baby. This condition is associated with an increased risk of premature delivery and breathing problems in the newborn (meconium aspiration). Some infants born to women with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy experience a slow heart rate and a lack of oxygen during delivery (fetal distress). Women with higher levels of bile acids in their blood also have an increased risk of stillbirth.

• #74 Cholestasis of pregnancy – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cholestasis-of-pregnancy/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20363258

  Cholestasis of pregnancy can potentially cause complications to your pregnancy. […] The goals of treatment for cholestasis of pregnancy are to ease itching and prevent complications in your baby. […] To soothe intense itching, your pregnancy care provider may recommend: Taking a prescription medicine called ursodiol (Actigall, Urso, Urso Forte). This medicine helps to lower the level of bile acids in your blood. Other medicines to relieve itching also may be an option. […] Monitoring may include: Nonstress testing. During a nonstress test, your pregnancy care provider will check your baby’s heart rate, and how much the heart rate increases with activity. […] Even if prenatal tests are within standard limits, your pregnancy care provider may suggest inducing labor before your due date. Early term delivery, around 37 weeks, may lower the risk of stillbirth. […] A history of cholestasis of pregnancy may increase the risk of symptoms returning with contraceptives that contain estrogen, so other methods of birth control are generally recommended. […] Cholestasis of pregnancy can be a worrisome diagnosis.

• #75 Liver and Gallbladder Disorders During Pregnancy – Women’s Health Issues – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/women-s-health-issues/pregnancy-complicated-by-disease/liver-and-gallbladder-disorders-during-pregnancy

  Cholestasis of pregnancy can increase the risk of the following: […] The most obvious symptom of cholestasis of pregnancy is intense itching all over the body (usually in the 2nd or 3rd trimester). No rash develops. Urine may be dark, and jaundice may develop. […] Cholestasis of pregnancy usually resolves after delivery but tends to recur in subsequent pregnancies or with use of oral contraceptives.

• #76 Obstetric Cholestasis – Saolta Maternity Services

  https://www.uhgmaternity.com/pregnancy/obstetric-cholestasis/

  A few women with obstetric cholestasis develop jaundice (yellowing of the skin owing to liver changes). Some women feel unwell and lose their appetite. Jaundice can also cause dark urine and pale bowel movements. […] Itching is very common in pregnancy, affecting 23 in 100 women (23%), but only a small proportion of those women will have obstetric cholestasis. However, itching is often the first sign of obstetric cholestasis, often being worse at night and involving the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. Therefore, if you do have itching, it is important you tell your midwife or obstetrician. […] Obstetric cholestasis gets better after birth. However, you should have a follow-up appointment with a healthcare professional with knowledge of obstetric cholestasis 6-8 weeks after the birth of your baby. The purpose of your follow-up is to ensure that your itching has gone away and that your liver is working normally. Continuing symptoms and abnormal liver function tests may suggest a different problem after all and you should then be referred to a specialist.

• #77 Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice US

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/800

  Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is characterized by maternal pruritus (itch) and liver dysfunction, with raised total serum bile acid concentrations, in the absence of other contributing liver disorders and restricted to pregnancy. […] The condition is associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes for the newborn, including spontaneous preterm birth, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, neonatal unit admission, and, if the mothers serum bile acid concentrations are elevated to a level of 100 micromol/L, stillbirth. Maternal complications include an increased risk of gestational diabetes and preeclampsia, in addition to impaired glucose tolerance and dyslipidemia. […] The risk of stillbirth is increased for pregnant women with total serum bile acid concentrations of 100 micromol/L, and so delivery should be offered to these women at 35 to 36 gestational weeks.

• #78 Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/800

  Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is characterised by maternal pruritus (itch) and liver dysfunction, with raised total serum bile acid concentrations, in the absence of other contributing liver disorders and restricted to pregnancy. […] The condition is associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes for the newborn, including spontaneous preterm birth, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, neonatal unit admission, and, if the mothers serum bile acid concentrations are elevated to a level of 100 micromol/L, stillbirth. […] Maternal complications include an increased risk of gestational diabetes and pre-eclampsia, in addition to impaired glucose tolerance and dyslipidaemia. […] The risk of stillbirth is increased for pregnant women with total serum bile acid concentrations of 100 micromol/L, and so delivery should be offered to these women at 35 to 36 gestational weeks.

• #79 Cholestasis of pregnancy: Causes, symptoms, and treatment – Flo

  https://flo.health/pregnancy/pregnancy-health/pains-and-discomforts/cholestasis-of-pregnancy

  ICP is the most common liver disease in pregnancy, but the condition itself is pretty rare. It only affects around 0.2% to 2% of pregnancies. If you have ICP, you’re likely to know about it, as it can cause intensely itchy skin without a rash, usually on the palms of your hands and the soles of your feet. […] The main cholestasis of pregnancy symptom is having intensely itchy skin without a visible rash. This can be generalized but is worse on the palms and soles of the feet. The itching is usually worse at nighttime, which can be frustrating when you’re trying to sleep. Understandably, the itching can also make you feel incredibly uncomfortable, but there are treatment options available. […] Cholestasis of pregnancy can increase the risk of complications in your pregnancy, such as gestational diabetes (high blood sugar) and preeclampsia (high blood pressure).

• #80 Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice US

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/800

  Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is characterized by maternal pruritus (itch) and liver dysfunction, with raised total serum bile acid concentrations, in the absence of other contributing liver disorders and restricted to pregnancy. […] The condition is associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes for the newborn, including spontaneous preterm birth, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, neonatal unit admission, and, if the mothers serum bile acid concentrations are elevated to a level of 100 micromol/L, stillbirth. Maternal complications include an increased risk of gestational diabetes and preeclampsia, in addition to impaired glucose tolerance and dyslipidemia. […] The risk of stillbirth is increased for pregnant women with total serum bile acid concentrations of 100 micromol/L, and so delivery should be offered to these women at 35 to 36 gestational weeks.

• #81 Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) | CUH

  https://www.cuh.nhs.uk/patient-information/intrahepatic-cholestasis-of-pregnancy-icp/

  ICP is a pregnancy specific problem, when itching in pregnancy occurs along with an increased level of bile acids on a blood test. […] ICP usually starts in the third trimester, but it can start at any time in pregnancy. […] The main symptom of ICP is itching (without a rash). Sometimes this is more noticeable on the hands and feet, but having generalised itching is also common. It is typically worse at night. […] Symptoms usually start after 28 weeks (in the third trimester) but they can start at any time in pregnancy. […] If you have been diagnosed with ICP, you are at a slightly higher chance of developing pre-eclampsia (raised blood pressure with protein in the urine) or gestational diabetes. […] For mild ICP (BA 40 micromol/L), birth is usually recommended between 39-40 weeks.

• #82 Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/800

  Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is characterised by maternal pruritus (itch) and liver dysfunction, with raised total serum bile acid concentrations, in the absence of other contributing liver disorders and restricted to pregnancy. […] The condition is associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes for the newborn, including spontaneous preterm birth, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, neonatal unit admission, and, if the mothers serum bile acid concentrations are elevated to a level of 100 micromol/L, stillbirth. […] Maternal complications include an increased risk of gestational diabetes and pre-eclampsia, in addition to impaired glucose tolerance and dyslipidaemia. […] The risk of stillbirth is increased for pregnant women with total serum bile acid concentrations of 100 micromol/L, and so delivery should be offered to these women at 35 to 36 gestational weeks.

• #83 Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice US

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/800

  Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is characterized by maternal pruritus (itch) and liver dysfunction, with raised total serum bile acid concentrations, in the absence of other contributing liver disorders and restricted to pregnancy. […] The condition is associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes for the newborn, including spontaneous preterm birth, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, neonatal unit admission, and, if the mothers serum bile acid concentrations are elevated to a level of 100 micromol/L, stillbirth. Maternal complications include an increased risk of gestational diabetes and preeclampsia, in addition to impaired glucose tolerance and dyslipidemia. […] The risk of stillbirth is increased for pregnant women with total serum bile acid concentrations of 100 micromol/L, and so delivery should be offered to these women at 35 to 36 gestational weeks.

• #84 Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/800

  Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is characterised by maternal pruritus (itch) and liver dysfunction, with raised total serum bile acid concentrations, in the absence of other contributing liver disorders and restricted to pregnancy. […] The condition is associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes for the newborn, including spontaneous preterm birth, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, neonatal unit admission, and, if the mothers serum bile acid concentrations are elevated to a level of 100 micromol/L, stillbirth. […] Maternal complications include an increased risk of gestational diabetes and pre-eclampsia, in addition to impaired glucose tolerance and dyslipidaemia. […] The risk of stillbirth is increased for pregnant women with total serum bile acid concentrations of 100 micromol/L, and so delivery should be offered to these women at 35 to 36 gestational weeks.

• #85 Content – Health Encyclopedia – University of Rochester Medical Center

  https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content?ContentTypeID=90&ContentID=P02440

  Cholestasis of pregnancy is a liver problem. It slows or stops the normal flow of bile from the gallbladder. This causes itching and yellowing of your skin, eyes, and mucous membranes (jaundice). Cholestasis sometimes starts in early pregnancy. But it is more common in the second and third trimesters. The main symptom of cholestasis of pregnancy is severe itching. This is sometimes called pruritus. It may be all over the body. But it is more common on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. It may also be worse at night. Other symptoms may include: Pain in the belly (abdomen), although this is not common; Light color of stool (bowel movements); Yellow color of skin, eyes, and mucous membranes (jaundice), although this is not common. The goals of treating cholestasis of pregnancy are to relieve the itching and prevent complications for your developing baby. Babies of women with cholestasis are often delivered early (usually around 37 weeks) because of the risks. […] Cholestasis of pregnancy can also lead to vitamin K deficiency. This will need to be treated before you give birth, because it can cause you to bleed too much.

• #86 Cholestasis of Pregnancy | Loma Linda University Children’s Health

  https://lluch.org/conditions/cholestasis-of-pregnancy

  There is a serious risk of complications in your developing baby if you have cholestasis of pregnancy. The complications include: […] Cholestasis of pregnancy can also lead to vitamin K deficiency. This will need to be treated before you give birth, because it can cause you to bleed too much. […] Cholestasis of pregnancy is a condition that slows or stops the normal flow of bile in the gallbladder. […] It can cause severe itching. This is the most common symptom. […] Babies of women with cholestasis are often delivered early (usually around 37 weeks) because of the risks.

• #87 Symptoms of Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy – ICP Care

  https://icpcare.org/intrahepatic-cholestasis-pregnancy/symptoms/

  Some patients with ICP report various degrees of malaise. […] Jaundice, yellowing of the skin and eyes, is very uncommon, occurring in 10% or less of patients. […] Mild depression may develop as a result of biochemical changes in the body, hormonal changes, lack of sleep, and/or the inability to escape the itch.

• #88 Failure to Diagnose Cholestasis During Pregnancy – Birth Injury Attorneys Bend, OR

  https://cklegal.com/failure-to-diagnose-cholestasis-during-pregnancy/

  Women who suffer from cholestasis during pregnancy are at risk for additional complications. While even women who are appropriately monitored and treated are at risk for these complications, women who are improperly monitored and treated are at higher risk for these complications. Some of the most common complications of this condition include the following: Development of preeclampsia, Development of gestational diabetes, Preterm labor, Stillbirth, Meconium aspiration during delivery, Respiratory distress after delivery, Maternal hemorrhage.

• #89 Pregnancy Intrahepatic Cholestasis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551503/

  Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) can cause a significant risk for the fetus, and it is one of the treacherous risk factors for sudden fetal demise. ICP is also associated with an increased risk of adverse obstetrical outcomes. The risk of fetal death increases with increasing levels of bile acids, notably higher with bile acid levels of more than 100 micromol/L.

• #90 Intrahepatic Cholestasis in Pregnancy: Review of the Literature

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/5/1361

  Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is the most common hepatic disorder related to pregnancy in women. It usually develops within the third trimester of pregnancy and presents with pruritus as well as elevated levels of bile acid and/or alanine aminotransferase. […] The first and major symptom of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy consists of pruritus, which occurs in the second/third trimester of pregnancy (usually after 30 weeks). Most frequently, the disorder affects volar surfaces of hands and feet. However, all body parts may be affected. Pruritus tends to exacerbate during the night, possibly entailing insomnia, irritability, and even depression. […] Spontaneous resolution of symptoms within 2–3 weeks after the delivery is characteristic of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Thus, the disease is a medical problem due to the risks to the fetus. The risk of bleeding into fetal CNS has already been mentioned. In addition, ICP increases the risk of premature delivery (20–60%), intrauterine asphyxia (up to 44%), meconium staining of the amniotic fluid, and fetal bradycardia. The risk of harmful effects to the fetus increases along with maternal blood TBA levels.

• #91 Intrahepatic Cholestasis in Pregnancy: Review of the Literature

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/5/1361

  Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is the most common hepatic disorder related to pregnancy in women. It usually develops within the third trimester of pregnancy and presents with pruritus as well as elevated levels of bile acid and/or alanine aminotransferase. […] The first and major symptom of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy consists of pruritus, which occurs in the second/third trimester of pregnancy (usually after 30 weeks). Most frequently, the disorder affects volar surfaces of hands and feet. However, all body parts may be affected. Pruritus tends to exacerbate during the night, possibly entailing insomnia, irritability, and even depression. […] Spontaneous resolution of symptoms within 2–3 weeks after the delivery is characteristic of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Thus, the disease is a medical problem due to the risks to the fetus. The risk of bleeding into fetal CNS has already been mentioned. In addition, ICP increases the risk of premature delivery (20–60%), intrauterine asphyxia (up to 44%), meconium staining of the amniotic fluid, and fetal bradycardia. The risk of harmful effects to the fetus increases along with maternal blood TBA levels.

• #92 Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy

  https://liverfoundation.org/liver-diseases/complications-of-liver-disease/intrahepatic-cholestasis-of-pregnancy-icp/

  Cholestasis is more common in the last trimester of pregnancy when hormones are at their peak. […] Symptoms can vary in severity and type, but the most common ones include: Itching all over, but often more severe on palms and soles of the feet. The itching can be recurrent or constant. Many women find that it is worse at night and it disturbs their sleep. Dark Urine and/or Pale Stools (grayish in color) Preterm Labor Jaundice (rare) […] ICP has been associated with a substantial rate of preterm birth. There is an increased risk of spontaneous preterm labor, which has been seen in as many as 60% of deliveries in some studies, however with active management most studies report rates of 30%-40%. Earlier presentations of Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy (ICP) seem to carry an even greater risk of preterm labor, as well as twin or triplet pregnancies.

• #93 Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: MedlinePlus GeneticsLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/intrahepatic-cholestasis-of-pregnancy/

  Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (also called ICP) is a liver disorder that typically occurs during the second half of pregnancy. Severe itchiness (pruritus) is typically one of the first symptoms of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. The itchiness usually begins on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet before spreading to other parts of the body. […] Women with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy typically do not continue to have signs and symptoms of the condition after having the baby, though they may have an increased risk of developing disorders of the gallbladder, liver, or heart later in life. […] Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy can cause problems for the baby. This condition is associated with an increased risk of premature delivery and breathing problems in the newborn (meconium aspiration). Some infants born to women with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy experience a slow heart rate and a lack of oxygen during delivery (fetal distress). Women with higher levels of bile acids in their blood also have an increased risk of stillbirth.

• #94

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=tw12250

  Cholestasis of pregnancy most often starts in the last 3 months of pregnancy. This condition may make your skin become very itchy, often on your hands and feet. […] Cholestasis of pregnancy can cause pregnancy complications. You have a higher chance of: Preterm labour. Having your baby early (being induced early). Meconium in the fluid around your baby in the uterus. Stillbirth. […] Cholestasis of pregnancy goes away after you have your baby.

• #95 Cholestasis of pregnancy | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/cholestasis-of-pregnancy?content_id=CON-20338994

  The itching is most common during the third trimester of pregnancy but sometimes begins earlier. It may feel worse as your due date gets near. But once your baby arrives, the itchiness usually goes away within a few days. […] Other less common signs and symptoms of cholestasis of pregnancy may include: Yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes, called jaundice; Nausea; Loss of appetite; Oily, foul-smelling stools. […] Complications from cholestasis of pregnancy appear to be due to high bile acid levels in the blood. Complications may occur in the mom, but the developing baby is especially at risk. […] In babies, the complications of cholestasis of pregnancy can be severe. They may include: Being born too early, also called preterm birth; Lung problems from breathing in meconium; Death of the baby late in pregnancy before delivery, also called stillbirth.

• #96 Frequently Asked Questions About ICP – ICP Care

  https://icpcare.org/intrahepatic-cholestasis-pregnancy/faqs/

  Symptoms of Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy (ICP) include generalized itching that does not have to involve only the hands and feet. […] Early onset ICP is associated with more of a risk of meconium passage, preterm labor, and respiratory distress after birth than cases diagnosed later. […] Some pregnant women with ICP have pain on the right side under the right ribs and others mention the pain in the back just below the right shoulder blade. […] Itching in ICP is caused by the deposition of bile acids and does not respond as well to antihistamines which are medications that mainly affect a response to an allergen. […] Symptoms can occur weeks before bile acid levels are positive on a test. […] Delivery timing should be planned based on your highest bile acid level. […] ICP is associated with an increased risk of stillbirth (intrauterine fetal death), meconium staining in utero, spontaneous premature labor, fetal distress, and respiratory issues for the baby after birth.

• #97 Intrahepatic Cholestasis in Pregnancy: Review of the Literature

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/5/1361

  Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is the most common hepatic disorder related to pregnancy in women. It usually develops within the third trimester of pregnancy and presents with pruritus as well as elevated levels of bile acid and/or alanine aminotransferase. […] The first and major symptom of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy consists of pruritus, which occurs in the second/third trimester of pregnancy (usually after 30 weeks). Most frequently, the disorder affects volar surfaces of hands and feet. However, all body parts may be affected. Pruritus tends to exacerbate during the night, possibly entailing insomnia, irritability, and even depression. […] Spontaneous resolution of symptoms within 2–3 weeks after the delivery is characteristic of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Thus, the disease is a medical problem due to the risks to the fetus. The risk of bleeding into fetal CNS has already been mentioned. In addition, ICP increases the risk of premature delivery (20–60%), intrauterine asphyxia (up to 44%), meconium staining of the amniotic fluid, and fetal bradycardia. The risk of harmful effects to the fetus increases along with maternal blood TBA levels.

• #98 Intrahepatic Cholestasis in Pregnancy: Review of the Literature

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/5/1361

  Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is the most common hepatic disorder related to pregnancy in women. It usually develops within the third trimester of pregnancy and presents with pruritus as well as elevated levels of bile acid and/or alanine aminotransferase. […] The first and major symptom of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy consists of pruritus, which occurs in the second/third trimester of pregnancy (usually after 30 weeks). Most frequently, the disorder affects volar surfaces of hands and feet. However, all body parts may be affected. Pruritus tends to exacerbate during the night, possibly entailing insomnia, irritability, and even depression. […] Spontaneous resolution of symptoms within 2–3 weeks after the delivery is characteristic of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Thus, the disease is a medical problem due to the risks to the fetus. The risk of bleeding into fetal CNS has already been mentioned. In addition, ICP increases the risk of premature delivery (20–60%), intrauterine asphyxia (up to 44%), meconium staining of the amniotic fluid, and fetal bradycardia. The risk of harmful effects to the fetus increases along with maternal blood TBA levels.

• #99 Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1562288-overview

  One of the more worrisome aspects of ICP is the possibility of sudden fetal death, sometimes within hours of normal fetal heart rate tracings. […] Intrauterine fetal demise is also associated with ICP, especially if the total bile acid level is elevated and/or jaundice is present, but it rarely occurs prior to 36 weeks gestation.

• #100 Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/800

  Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is characterised by maternal pruritus (itch) and liver dysfunction, with raised total serum bile acid concentrations, in the absence of other contributing liver disorders and restricted to pregnancy. […] The condition is associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes for the newborn, including spontaneous preterm birth, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, neonatal unit admission, and, if the mothers serum bile acid concentrations are elevated to a level of 100 micromol/L, stillbirth. […] Maternal complications include an increased risk of gestational diabetes and pre-eclampsia, in addition to impaired glucose tolerance and dyslipidaemia. […] The risk of stillbirth is increased for pregnant women with total serum bile acid concentrations of 100 micromol/L, and so delivery should be offered to these women at 35 to 36 gestational weeks.

• #101 Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy

  https://liverfoundation.org/liver-diseases/complications-of-liver-disease/intrahepatic-cholestasis-of-pregnancy-icp/

  Stillbirth tends to occur in the last few weeks of pregnancy. The reason this occurs is not completely understood although it is thought to be due to a cardiac arrhythmia caused by the elevated bile acids. A recent meta-analysis was able to further clarify the risk of stillbirth in a pregnancy complicated by cholestasis and showed that this risk increases as bile acids become more elevated. With bile acids remaining under 100 mol/L, the risk is less than 0.28% and similar to a normal pregnancy. When bile acid levels are over 100, the risk of stillbirth increases to over 3%.

• #102 Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy | RCOG

  https://www.rcog.org.uk/for-the-public/browse-our-patient-information/intrahepatic-cholestasis-of-pregnancy/

  Your chance of having a stillbirth depends on the level of bile acids found in your blood as well as any other pregnancy complications you may be experiencing. […] If your bile acid levels are 100 micromol/L or more (Severe ICP), your chance of having a stillbirth is higher than someone who doesn’t have ICP and is around 3%. Most of these stillbirths happen after 36 weeks of pregnancy. […] Once you have been diagnosed with ICP, you should be under the care of an obstetrician. Your blood tests will usually be repeated after one week and an individualised plan of care will be made for you depending on your circumstances. […] When your baby is born your ICP will get better. […] ICP symptoms get better after birth. It can take several weeks for your blood tests to return to normal.

• #103 Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy

  https://liverfoundation.org/liver-diseases/complications-of-liver-disease/intrahepatic-cholestasis-of-pregnancy-icp/

  Stillbirth tends to occur in the last few weeks of pregnancy. The reason this occurs is not completely understood although it is thought to be due to a cardiac arrhythmia caused by the elevated bile acids. A recent meta-analysis was able to further clarify the risk of stillbirth in a pregnancy complicated by cholestasis and showed that this risk increases as bile acids become more elevated. With bile acids remaining under 100 mol/L, the risk is less than 0.28% and similar to a normal pregnancy. When bile acid levels are over 100, the risk of stillbirth increases to over 3%.

• #104 Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy

  https://liverfoundation.org/liver-diseases/complications-of-liver-disease/intrahepatic-cholestasis-of-pregnancy-icp/

  Stillbirth tends to occur in the last few weeks of pregnancy. The reason this occurs is not completely understood although it is thought to be due to a cardiac arrhythmia caused by the elevated bile acids. A recent meta-analysis was able to further clarify the risk of stillbirth in a pregnancy complicated by cholestasis and showed that this risk increases as bile acids become more elevated. With bile acids remaining under 100 mol/L, the risk is less than 0.28% and similar to a normal pregnancy. When bile acid levels are over 100, the risk of stillbirth increases to over 3%.

• #105 Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy | RCOG

  https://www.rcog.org.uk/for-the-public/browse-our-patient-information/intrahepatic-cholestasis-of-pregnancy/

  Your chance of having a stillbirth depends on the level of bile acids found in your blood as well as any other pregnancy complications you may be experiencing. […] If your bile acid levels are 100 micromol/L or more (Severe ICP), your chance of having a stillbirth is higher than someone who doesn’t have ICP and is around 3%. Most of these stillbirths happen after 36 weeks of pregnancy. […] Once you have been diagnosed with ICP, you should be under the care of an obstetrician. Your blood tests will usually be repeated after one week and an individualised plan of care will be made for you depending on your circumstances. […] When your baby is born your ICP will get better. […] ICP symptoms get better after birth. It can take several weeks for your blood tests to return to normal.

• #106 Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1562288-overview

  One of the more worrisome aspects of ICP is the possibility of sudden fetal death, sometimes within hours of normal fetal heart rate tracings. […] Intrauterine fetal demise is also associated with ICP, especially if the total bile acid level is elevated and/or jaundice is present, but it rarely occurs prior to 36 weeks gestation.

• #107 Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy | RCOG

  https://www.rcog.org.uk/for-the-public/browse-our-patient-information/intrahepatic-cholestasis-of-pregnancy/

  Your chance of having a stillbirth depends on the level of bile acids found in your blood as well as any other pregnancy complications you may be experiencing. […] If your bile acid levels are 100 micromol/L or more (Severe ICP), your chance of having a stillbirth is higher than someone who doesn’t have ICP and is around 3%. Most of these stillbirths happen after 36 weeks of pregnancy. […] Once you have been diagnosed with ICP, you should be under the care of an obstetrician. Your blood tests will usually be repeated after one week and an individualised plan of care will be made for you depending on your circumstances. […] When your baby is born your ICP will get better. […] ICP symptoms get better after birth. It can take several weeks for your blood tests to return to normal.

• #108 Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice US

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/800

  Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is characterized by maternal pruritus (itch) and liver dysfunction, with raised total serum bile acid concentrations, in the absence of other contributing liver disorders and restricted to pregnancy. […] The condition is associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes for the newborn, including spontaneous preterm birth, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, neonatal unit admission, and, if the mothers serum bile acid concentrations are elevated to a level of 100 micromol/L, stillbirth. Maternal complications include an increased risk of gestational diabetes and preeclampsia, in addition to impaired glucose tolerance and dyslipidemia. […] The risk of stillbirth is increased for pregnant women with total serum bile acid concentrations of 100 micromol/L, and so delivery should be offered to these women at 35 to 36 gestational weeks.

• #109 Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/800

  Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is characterised by maternal pruritus (itch) and liver dysfunction, with raised total serum bile acid concentrations, in the absence of other contributing liver disorders and restricted to pregnancy. […] The condition is associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes for the newborn, including spontaneous preterm birth, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, neonatal unit admission, and, if the mothers serum bile acid concentrations are elevated to a level of 100 micromol/L, stillbirth. […] Maternal complications include an increased risk of gestational diabetes and pre-eclampsia, in addition to impaired glucose tolerance and dyslipidaemia. […] The risk of stillbirth is increased for pregnant women with total serum bile acid concentrations of 100 micromol/L, and so delivery should be offered to these women at 35 to 36 gestational weeks.

• #110 Pregnancy Intrahepatic Cholestasis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551503/

  Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a liver disorder in the late second and early third trimester of pregnancy. It is characterized by pruritus with increased serum bile acids and other liver function tests. The symptoms and biochemical abnormality rapidly resolve after delivery. ICP is associated with an increased risk of adverse obstetrical outcomes, which include stillbirth, respiratory distress syndrome, meconium passage, and fetal asphyxiation. […] Classically, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) presents in the late second trimester to the early third trimester. The most common complaint is generalized intense pruritus, which usually starts after the 30th week of pregnancy. Pruritus can be more common in palms and soles and is typically worse at night. Other symptoms of cholestasis, such as nausea, anorexia, fatigue, right upper quadrant pain, dark urine, and pale stool, can be present. Clinical jaundice is rare but may present in 14 to 25% of patients after 1 to 4 weeks of the onset of pruritus. Pruritis is a cardinal symptom of ICP and may precede biochemical abnormalities.

• #111 Pregnancy Intrahepatic Cholestasis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551503/

  The diagnosis of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is via the presence of clinical symptom that is pruritus in the third trimester with elevated maternal total serum bile acids and excluding other diagnoses, which can cause similar symptoms and lab abnormalities. The risk for fetal complications increases in severe cholestasis with increased serum bile acid levels, usually over 40 micromol/L. […] Maternal prognosis is benign in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) and symptoms, and abnormal liver biochemistry resolves rapidly after delivery. In a large cohort study, women with ICP were found to have a high incidence of hepatobiliary disorders later in life and, hepatitis C, chronic hepatitis, hepatic fibrosis or cirrhosis, and gallstones or cholangitis were seen more commonly in these women compared to the general population.

• #112 Pregnancy Intrahepatic Cholestasis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551503/

  The diagnosis of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is via the presence of clinical symptom that is pruritus in the third trimester with elevated maternal total serum bile acids and excluding other diagnoses, which can cause similar symptoms and lab abnormalities. The risk for fetal complications increases in severe cholestasis with increased serum bile acid levels, usually over 40 micromol/L. […] Maternal prognosis is benign in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) and symptoms, and abnormal liver biochemistry resolves rapidly after delivery. In a large cohort study, women with ICP were found to have a high incidence of hepatobiliary disorders later in life and, hepatitis C, chronic hepatitis, hepatic fibrosis or cirrhosis, and gallstones or cholangitis were seen more commonly in these women compared to the general population.

• #113 Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice US

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/800

  Treatment with ursodiol does not effectively reduce total serum bile acid concentrations or clearly prevent stillbirth. However, it does cause a marginal improvement in maternal itch, decrease alanine aminotransferase concentrations, and reduce the risk of spontaneous preterm birth in women with serum bile acid concentrations of 40 micromol/L.

• #114 Metabolic changes in bile acids with pregnancy progression and their correlation with perinatal complications in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnant patients | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-22974-8

  Studies have suggested maternal TBA as a threshold for predicting the occurrence of fetal complications, with each additional 1-mol/L of TBA increasing the incidence of fetal complications by 12%. […] The occurrence of ICP may be due to the hindered transformation of primary to secondary BAs, which results in the accumulation of conjugated CA and CDCA. […] Elevated ALB, TBA, TB and GCA percentages taken together predict the risk of PTB, suggesting that the increased liver load in the second trimester is positively correlated with PTB. […] In conclusion, we found that patients with different types of ICP have distinct serum BA profiles. […] In addition, an elevated TCA percentage might be used to predict PTB in patients with LICP.

• #115 Metabolic changes in bile acids with pregnancy progression and their correlation with perinatal complications in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnant patients | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-22974-8

  Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a rare liver disease occurring during pregnancy that is characterized by disordered bile acid (BA) metabolism. […] ICP, especially early-onset ICP (EICP), is associated with adverse perinatal complications, including preterm birth (PTB), stillbirth and even long-term metabolic disorders, which may be attributable to the accumulation of maternal bile acids (BAs) in the fetus and the long exposure time in utero. […] A higher preterm birth incidence was observed among ICP patients. […] Increased hepatic load was positively correlated with preterm birth in EICP. […] An elevated TCA percentage in total bile acids provides a biomarker to predict preterm birth in LICP. […] Maternal serum TBA has diagnostic significance in ICP, and the incidence of poor pregnancy outcomes increases with increasing TBA.

• #116 Metabolic changes in bile acids with pregnancy progression and their correlation with perinatal complications in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnant patients | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-22974-8

  Studies have suggested maternal TBA as a threshold for predicting the occurrence of fetal complications, with each additional 1-mol/L of TBA increasing the incidence of fetal complications by 12%. […] The occurrence of ICP may be due to the hindered transformation of primary to secondary BAs, which results in the accumulation of conjugated CA and CDCA. […] Elevated ALB, TBA, TB and GCA percentages taken together predict the risk of PTB, suggesting that the increased liver load in the second trimester is positively correlated with PTB. […] In conclusion, we found that patients with different types of ICP have distinct serum BA profiles. […] In addition, an elevated TCA percentage might be used to predict PTB in patients with LICP.

• #117 Metabolic changes in bile acids with pregnancy progression and their correlation with perinatal complications in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnant patients | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-22974-8

  Studies have suggested maternal TBA as a threshold for predicting the occurrence of fetal complications, with each additional 1-mol/L of TBA increasing the incidence of fetal complications by 12%. […] The occurrence of ICP may be due to the hindered transformation of primary to secondary BAs, which results in the accumulation of conjugated CA and CDCA. […] Elevated ALB, TBA, TB and GCA percentages taken together predict the risk of PTB, suggesting that the increased liver load in the second trimester is positively correlated with PTB. […] In conclusion, we found that patients with different types of ICP have distinct serum BA profiles. […] In addition, an elevated TCA percentage might be used to predict PTB in patients with LICP.

• #118 Metabolic changes in bile acids with pregnancy progression and their correlation with perinatal complications in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnant patients | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-22974-8

  Studies have suggested maternal TBA as a threshold for predicting the occurrence of fetal complications, with each additional 1-mol/L of TBA increasing the incidence of fetal complications by 12%. […] The occurrence of ICP may be due to the hindered transformation of primary to secondary BAs, which results in the accumulation of conjugated CA and CDCA. […] Elevated ALB, TBA, TB and GCA percentages taken together predict the risk of PTB, suggesting that the increased liver load in the second trimester is positively correlated with PTB. […] In conclusion, we found that patients with different types of ICP have distinct serum BA profiles. […] In addition, an elevated TCA percentage might be used to predict PTB in patients with LICP.

• #119 Metabolic changes in bile acids with pregnancy progression and their correlation with perinatal complications in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnant patients | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-22974-8

  Studies have suggested maternal TBA as a threshold for predicting the occurrence of fetal complications, with each additional 1-mol/L of TBA increasing the incidence of fetal complications by 12%. […] The occurrence of ICP may be due to the hindered transformation of primary to secondary BAs, which results in the accumulation of conjugated CA and CDCA. […] Elevated ALB, TBA, TB and GCA percentages taken together predict the risk of PTB, suggesting that the increased liver load in the second trimester is positively correlated with PTB. […] In conclusion, we found that patients with different types of ICP have distinct serum BA profiles. […] In addition, an elevated TCA percentage might be used to predict PTB in patients with LICP.

• #120 Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy | RCOG

  https://www.rcog.org.uk/for-the-public/browse-our-patient-information/intrahepatic-cholestasis-of-pregnancy/

  Your chance of having a stillbirth depends on the level of bile acids found in your blood as well as any other pregnancy complications you may be experiencing. […] If your bile acid levels are 100 micromol/L or more (Severe ICP), your chance of having a stillbirth is higher than someone who doesn’t have ICP and is around 3%. Most of these stillbirths happen after 36 weeks of pregnancy. […] Once you have been diagnosed with ICP, you should be under the care of an obstetrician. Your blood tests will usually be repeated after one week and an individualised plan of care will be made for you depending on your circumstances. […] When your baby is born your ICP will get better. […] ICP symptoms get better after birth. It can take several weeks for your blood tests to return to normal.

• #121 Itching and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/pregnancy/related-conditions/complications/itching-and-intrahepatic-cholestasis/

  Because of the link with stillbirth, you may be offered induction of labour. […] If you are diagnosed with ICP, you will have regular liver blood tests (LFTs) and bile acid measurement tests so your doctor can monitor your condition. […] A medicine called ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) can be prescribed to try to relieve itching.

• #122 Metabolic changes in bile acids with pregnancy progression and their correlation with perinatal complications in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnant patients | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-22974-8

  Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a rare liver disease occurring during pregnancy that is characterized by disordered bile acid (BA) metabolism. […] ICP, especially early-onset ICP (EICP), is associated with adverse perinatal complications, including preterm birth (PTB), stillbirth and even long-term metabolic disorders, which may be attributable to the accumulation of maternal bile acids (BAs) in the fetus and the long exposure time in utero. […] A higher preterm birth incidence was observed among ICP patients. […] Increased hepatic load was positively correlated with preterm birth in EICP. […] An elevated TCA percentage in total bile acids provides a biomarker to predict preterm birth in LICP. […] Maternal serum TBA has diagnostic significance in ICP, and the incidence of poor pregnancy outcomes increases with increasing TBA.

• #123 Metabolic changes in bile acids with pregnancy progression and their correlation with perinatal complications in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnant patients | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-22974-8

  Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a rare liver disease occurring during pregnancy that is characterized by disordered bile acid (BA) metabolism. […] ICP, especially early-onset ICP (EICP), is associated with adverse perinatal complications, including preterm birth (PTB), stillbirth and even long-term metabolic disorders, which may be attributable to the accumulation of maternal bile acids (BAs) in the fetus and the long exposure time in utero. […] A higher preterm birth incidence was observed among ICP patients. […] Increased hepatic load was positively correlated with preterm birth in EICP. […] An elevated TCA percentage in total bile acids provides a biomarker to predict preterm birth in LICP. […] Maternal serum TBA has diagnostic significance in ICP, and the incidence of poor pregnancy outcomes increases with increasing TBA.

• #124 Frequently Asked Questions About ICP – ICP Care

  https://icpcare.org/intrahepatic-cholestasis-pregnancy/faqs/

  Symptoms of Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy (ICP) include generalized itching that does not have to involve only the hands and feet. […] Early onset ICP is associated with more of a risk of meconium passage, preterm labor, and respiratory distress after birth than cases diagnosed later. […] Some pregnant women with ICP have pain on the right side under the right ribs and others mention the pain in the back just below the right shoulder blade. […] Itching in ICP is caused by the deposition of bile acids and does not respond as well to antihistamines which are medications that mainly affect a response to an allergen. […] Symptoms can occur weeks before bile acid levels are positive on a test. […] Delivery timing should be planned based on your highest bile acid level. […] ICP is associated with an increased risk of stillbirth (intrauterine fetal death), meconium staining in utero, spontaneous premature labor, fetal distress, and respiratory issues for the baby after birth.

• #125 Metabolic changes in bile acids with pregnancy progression and their correlation with perinatal complications in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnant patients | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-22974-8

  Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a rare liver disease occurring during pregnancy that is characterized by disordered bile acid (BA) metabolism. […] ICP, especially early-onset ICP (EICP), is associated with adverse perinatal complications, including preterm birth (PTB), stillbirth and even long-term metabolic disorders, which may be attributable to the accumulation of maternal bile acids (BAs) in the fetus and the long exposure time in utero. […] A higher preterm birth incidence was observed among ICP patients. […] Increased hepatic load was positively correlated with preterm birth in EICP. […] An elevated TCA percentage in total bile acids provides a biomarker to predict preterm birth in LICP. […] Maternal serum TBA has diagnostic significance in ICP, and the incidence of poor pregnancy outcomes increases with increasing TBA.

• #126 Metabolic changes in bile acids with pregnancy progression and their correlation with perinatal complications in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnant patients | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-22974-8

  Studies have suggested maternal TBA as a threshold for predicting the occurrence of fetal complications, with each additional 1-mol/L of TBA increasing the incidence of fetal complications by 12%. […] The occurrence of ICP may be due to the hindered transformation of primary to secondary BAs, which results in the accumulation of conjugated CA and CDCA. […] Elevated ALB, TBA, TB and GCA percentages taken together predict the risk of PTB, suggesting that the increased liver load in the second trimester is positively correlated with PTB. […] In conclusion, we found that patients with different types of ICP have distinct serum BA profiles. […] In addition, an elevated TCA percentage might be used to predict PTB in patients with LICP.

• #127 Frequently Asked Questions About ICP – ICP Care

  https://icpcare.org/intrahepatic-cholestasis-pregnancy/faqs/

  Symptoms of Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy (ICP) include generalized itching that does not have to involve only the hands and feet. […] Early onset ICP is associated with more of a risk of meconium passage, preterm labor, and respiratory distress after birth than cases diagnosed later. […] Some pregnant women with ICP have pain on the right side under the right ribs and others mention the pain in the back just below the right shoulder blade. […] Itching in ICP is caused by the deposition of bile acids and does not respond as well to antihistamines which are medications that mainly affect a response to an allergen. […] Symptoms can occur weeks before bile acid levels are positive on a test. […] Delivery timing should be planned based on your highest bile acid level. […] ICP is associated with an increased risk of stillbirth (intrauterine fetal death), meconium staining in utero, spontaneous premature labor, fetal distress, and respiratory issues for the baby after birth.

• #128 Frequently Asked Questions About ICP – ICP Care

  https://icpcare.org/intrahepatic-cholestasis-pregnancy/faqs/

  Symptoms of Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy (ICP) include generalized itching that does not have to involve only the hands and feet. […] Early onset ICP is associated with more of a risk of meconium passage, preterm labor, and respiratory distress after birth than cases diagnosed later. […] Some pregnant women with ICP have pain on the right side under the right ribs and others mention the pain in the back just below the right shoulder blade. […] Itching in ICP is caused by the deposition of bile acids and does not respond as well to antihistamines which are medications that mainly affect a response to an allergen. […] Symptoms can occur weeks before bile acid levels are positive on a test. […] Delivery timing should be planned based on your highest bile acid level. […] ICP is associated with an increased risk of stillbirth (intrauterine fetal death), meconium staining in utero, spontaneous premature labor, fetal distress, and respiratory issues for the baby after birth.

• #129 Metabolic changes in bile acids with pregnancy progression and their correlation with perinatal complications in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnant patients | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-22974-8

  Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a rare liver disease occurring during pregnancy that is characterized by disordered bile acid (BA) metabolism. […] ICP, especially early-onset ICP (EICP), is associated with adverse perinatal complications, including preterm birth (PTB), stillbirth and even long-term metabolic disorders, which may be attributable to the accumulation of maternal bile acids (BAs) in the fetus and the long exposure time in utero. […] A higher preterm birth incidence was observed among ICP patients. […] Increased hepatic load was positively correlated with preterm birth in EICP. […] An elevated TCA percentage in total bile acids provides a biomarker to predict preterm birth in LICP. […] Maternal serum TBA has diagnostic significance in ICP, and the incidence of poor pregnancy outcomes increases with increasing TBA.

• #130 Metabolic changes in bile acids with pregnancy progression and their correlation with perinatal complications in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnant patients | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-22974-8

  Studies have suggested maternal TBA as a threshold for predicting the occurrence of fetal complications, with each additional 1-mol/L of TBA increasing the incidence of fetal complications by 12%. […] The occurrence of ICP may be due to the hindered transformation of primary to secondary BAs, which results in the accumulation of conjugated CA and CDCA. […] Elevated ALB, TBA, TB and GCA percentages taken together predict the risk of PTB, suggesting that the increased liver load in the second trimester is positively correlated with PTB. […] In conclusion, we found that patients with different types of ICP have distinct serum BA profiles. […] In addition, an elevated TCA percentage might be used to predict PTB in patients with LICP.

• #131 Cholestasis of pregnancy – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cholestasis-of-pregnancy/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20363258

  Cholestasis of pregnancy can potentially cause complications to your pregnancy. […] The goals of treatment for cholestasis of pregnancy are to ease itching and prevent complications in your baby. […] To soothe intense itching, your pregnancy care provider may recommend: Taking a prescription medicine called ursodiol (Actigall, Urso, Urso Forte). This medicine helps to lower the level of bile acids in your blood. Other medicines to relieve itching also may be an option. […] Monitoring may include: Nonstress testing. During a nonstress test, your pregnancy care provider will check your baby’s heart rate, and how much the heart rate increases with activity. […] Even if prenatal tests are within standard limits, your pregnancy care provider may suggest inducing labor before your due date. Early term delivery, around 37 weeks, may lower the risk of stillbirth. […] A history of cholestasis of pregnancy may increase the risk of symptoms returning with contraceptives that contain estrogen, so other methods of birth control are generally recommended. […] Cholestasis of pregnancy can be a worrisome diagnosis.

• #132 Cholestasis of pregnancy | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/cholestasis-of-pregnancy?content_id=CON-20338994

  Because complications can be very dangerous for your baby, your pregnancy care provider may consider inducing labor before your due date. […] The goals of treatment for cholestasis of pregnancy are to ease itching and prevent complications in your baby. […] Even if prenatal tests are within standard limits, your pregnancy care provider may suggest inducing labor before your due date. Early term delivery, around 37 weeks, may lower the risk of stillbirth.

• #133 Itching and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/pregnancy/related-conditions/complications/itching-and-intrahepatic-cholestasis/

  Because of the link with stillbirth, you may be offered induction of labour. […] If you are diagnosed with ICP, you will have regular liver blood tests (LFTs) and bile acid measurement tests so your doctor can monitor your condition. […] A medicine called ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) can be prescribed to try to relieve itching.

• #134 Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy | RCOG

  https://www.rcog.org.uk/for-the-public/browse-our-patient-information/intrahepatic-cholestasis-of-pregnancy/

  Your chance of having a stillbirth depends on the level of bile acids found in your blood as well as any other pregnancy complications you may be experiencing. […] If your bile acid levels are 100 micromol/L or more (Severe ICP), your chance of having a stillbirth is higher than someone who doesn’t have ICP and is around 3%. Most of these stillbirths happen after 36 weeks of pregnancy. […] Once you have been diagnosed with ICP, you should be under the care of an obstetrician. Your blood tests will usually be repeated after one week and an individualised plan of care will be made for you depending on your circumstances. […] When your baby is born your ICP will get better. […] ICP symptoms get better after birth. It can take several weeks for your blood tests to return to normal.

• #135 Itching and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/pregnancy/related-conditions/complications/itching-and-intrahepatic-cholestasis/

  Because of the link with stillbirth, you may be offered induction of labour. […] If you are diagnosed with ICP, you will have regular liver blood tests (LFTs) and bile acid measurement tests so your doctor can monitor your condition. […] A medicine called ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) can be prescribed to try to relieve itching.

• #136 Pregnancy Intrahepatic Cholestasis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551503/

  The diagnosis of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is via the presence of clinical symptom that is pruritus in the third trimester with elevated maternal total serum bile acids and excluding other diagnoses, which can cause similar symptoms and lab abnormalities. The risk for fetal complications increases in severe cholestasis with increased serum bile acid levels, usually over 40 micromol/L. […] Maternal prognosis is benign in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) and symptoms, and abnormal liver biochemistry resolves rapidly after delivery. In a large cohort study, women with ICP were found to have a high incidence of hepatobiliary disorders later in life and, hepatitis C, chronic hepatitis, hepatic fibrosis or cirrhosis, and gallstones or cholangitis were seen more commonly in these women compared to the general population.

• #137 Itching and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/pregnancy/related-conditions/complications/itching-and-intrahepatic-cholestasis/

  Because of the link with stillbirth, you may be offered induction of labour. […] If you are diagnosed with ICP, you will have regular liver blood tests (LFTs) and bile acid measurement tests so your doctor can monitor your condition. […] A medicine called ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) can be prescribed to try to relieve itching.

• #138 Pregnancy Intrahepatic Cholestasis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551503/

  The diagnosis of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is via the presence of clinical symptom that is pruritus in the third trimester with elevated maternal total serum bile acids and excluding other diagnoses, which can cause similar symptoms and lab abnormalities. The risk for fetal complications increases in severe cholestasis with increased serum bile acid levels, usually over 40 micromol/L. […] Maternal prognosis is benign in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) and symptoms, and abnormal liver biochemistry resolves rapidly after delivery. In a large cohort study, women with ICP were found to have a high incidence of hepatobiliary disorders later in life and, hepatitis C, chronic hepatitis, hepatic fibrosis or cirrhosis, and gallstones or cholangitis were seen more commonly in these women compared to the general population.

• #139 Obstetric Cholestasis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/pregnancy/pregnancy-complications/obstetric-cholestasis

  Once diagnosed, blood tests will usually be performed every week or two until the baby is born. […] Ursodeoxycholic acid may be used to treat obstetric cholestasis. This is used to lower the amount of bile acids in the blood. This has been shown to decrease the itching and also to decrease the risks of pre-term birth, distress of the baby during delivery, respiratory distress after birth and need for the baby to be admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit.

• #140 Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy | RCOG

  https://www.rcog.org.uk/for-the-public/browse-our-patient-information/intrahepatic-cholestasis-of-pregnancy/

  Your chance of having a stillbirth depends on the level of bile acids found in your blood as well as any other pregnancy complications you may be experiencing. […] If your bile acid levels are 100 micromol/L or more (Severe ICP), your chance of having a stillbirth is higher than someone who doesn’t have ICP and is around 3%. Most of these stillbirths happen after 36 weeks of pregnancy. […] Once you have been diagnosed with ICP, you should be under the care of an obstetrician. Your blood tests will usually be repeated after one week and an individualised plan of care will be made for you depending on your circumstances. […] When your baby is born your ICP will get better. […] ICP symptoms get better after birth. It can take several weeks for your blood tests to return to normal.

• #141 Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) | CUH

  https://www.cuh.nhs.uk/patient-information/intrahepatic-cholestasis-of-pregnancy-icp/

  ICP is a pregnancy specific problem, when itching in pregnancy occurs along with an increased level of bile acids on a blood test. […] ICP usually starts in the third trimester, but it can start at any time in pregnancy. […] The main symptom of ICP is itching (without a rash). Sometimes this is more noticeable on the hands and feet, but having generalised itching is also common. It is typically worse at night. […] Symptoms usually start after 28 weeks (in the third trimester) but they can start at any time in pregnancy. […] If you have been diagnosed with ICP, you are at a slightly higher chance of developing pre-eclampsia (raised blood pressure with protein in the urine) or gestational diabetes. […] For mild ICP (BA 40 micromol/L), birth is usually recommended between 39-40 weeks.

• #142 Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) | CUH

  https://www.cuh.nhs.uk/patient-information/intrahepatic-cholestasis-of-pregnancy-icp/

  For moderate ICP (BA 40-99 micromol/L), birth is usually recommended between 38-39 weeks. […] For severe ICP (BA 100 micromol/L), birth is usually recommended between 35-36 weeks to prevent late stillbirth. […] There is an increased chance of you having a pre-term birth (before 37+0 weeks). This may be because you go into labour naturally, or because you and your care team have decided that you should give birth early. […] There is approximately 80% chance of ICP recurring in future pregnancies.

• #143 Cholestasis of pregnancy – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cholestasis-of-pregnancy/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20363258

  Cholestasis of pregnancy can potentially cause complications to your pregnancy. […] The goals of treatment for cholestasis of pregnancy are to ease itching and prevent complications in your baby. […] To soothe intense itching, your pregnancy care provider may recommend: Taking a prescription medicine called ursodiol (Actigall, Urso, Urso Forte). This medicine helps to lower the level of bile acids in your blood. Other medicines to relieve itching also may be an option. […] Monitoring may include: Nonstress testing. During a nonstress test, your pregnancy care provider will check your baby’s heart rate, and how much the heart rate increases with activity. […] Even if prenatal tests are within standard limits, your pregnancy care provider may suggest inducing labor before your due date. Early term delivery, around 37 weeks, may lower the risk of stillbirth. […] A history of cholestasis of pregnancy may increase the risk of symptoms returning with contraceptives that contain estrogen, so other methods of birth control are generally recommended. […] Cholestasis of pregnancy can be a worrisome diagnosis.

• #144 Cholestasis of pregnancy | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/cholestasis-of-pregnancy?content_id=CON-20338994

  Because complications can be very dangerous for your baby, your pregnancy care provider may consider inducing labor before your due date. […] The goals of treatment for cholestasis of pregnancy are to ease itching and prevent complications in your baby. […] Even if prenatal tests are within standard limits, your pregnancy care provider may suggest inducing labor before your due date. Early term delivery, around 37 weeks, may lower the risk of stillbirth.

• #145 Cholestasis of pregnancy – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cholestasis-of-pregnancy/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20363258

  Cholestasis of pregnancy can potentially cause complications to your pregnancy. […] The goals of treatment for cholestasis of pregnancy are to ease itching and prevent complications in your baby. […] To soothe intense itching, your pregnancy care provider may recommend: Taking a prescription medicine called ursodiol (Actigall, Urso, Urso Forte). This medicine helps to lower the level of bile acids in your blood. Other medicines to relieve itching also may be an option. […] Monitoring may include: Nonstress testing. During a nonstress test, your pregnancy care provider will check your baby’s heart rate, and how much the heart rate increases with activity. […] Even if prenatal tests are within standard limits, your pregnancy care provider may suggest inducing labor before your due date. Early term delivery, around 37 weeks, may lower the risk of stillbirth. […] A history of cholestasis of pregnancy may increase the risk of symptoms returning with contraceptives that contain estrogen, so other methods of birth control are generally recommended. […] Cholestasis of pregnancy can be a worrisome diagnosis.

• #146 Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy – Dr. Shiva

  https://www.drshivahk.com/intrahepatic-cholestasis-of-pregnancy/

  Higher levels of bile acids in the bloodstream can contribute to complications like premature birth, fetal distress, and respiratory distress syndrome for the baby. […] Diagnosing ICP typically involves assessing symptoms, conducting blood tests, and monitoring bile acid levels. […] Once diagnosed, management strategies focus on alleviating symptoms and minimizing risks. […] Medications might be prescribed to reduce bile acids and ease symptoms. […] Regular check-ups with your doctor are crucial to monitor your babys health and adjust treatment as needed. […] In some cases, early delivery may be recommended to protect your babys health. […] While ICPs exact prevention remains elusive, maintaining a healthy lifestyle during pregnancy can potentially reduce its risk. […] Awareness, early detection, and appropriate medical guidance can significantly mitigate risks associated with this condition.

• #147 Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy – Dr. Shiva

  https://www.drshivahk.com/intrahepatic-cholestasis-of-pregnancy/

  Higher levels of bile acids in the bloodstream can contribute to complications like premature birth, fetal distress, and respiratory distress syndrome for the baby. […] Diagnosing ICP typically involves assessing symptoms, conducting blood tests, and monitoring bile acid levels. […] Once diagnosed, management strategies focus on alleviating symptoms and minimizing risks. […] Medications might be prescribed to reduce bile acids and ease symptoms. […] Regular check-ups with your doctor are crucial to monitor your babys health and adjust treatment as needed. […] In some cases, early delivery may be recommended to protect your babys health. […] While ICPs exact prevention remains elusive, maintaining a healthy lifestyle during pregnancy can potentially reduce its risk. […] Awareness, early detection, and appropriate medical guidance can significantly mitigate risks associated with this condition.

• #148 Pregnancy Spotlight: Understanding Cholestasis of Pregnancy

  https://www.abclawcenters.com/blog/pregnancy-spotlight-cholestasis-of-pregnancy/

  Cholestasis doesn’t pose any major long-term risks to the mother, but it can be very dangerous for the baby. Elevated bile levels in the mother’s blood can put a strain on the baby’s liver. In pregnancies involving Cholestasis, there is an increased risk of stillbirth, as well of birth injuries. There is also an increase in the risk of the baby passing meconium while in the womb. Meconium, if inhaled during delivery, can damage the lungs and cause respiratory difficulty. This is called meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS). MAS increases the risk of diagnoses like hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), which can lead to cerebral palsy and other developmental delays. […] With cholestasis, doctors will most likely recommend early induction in order to prevent the baby from suffering health complications or injuries. They should carefully monitor the baby’s maturity and wellbeing in order to determine optimal timing of delivery. Induction usually occurs around 37 weeks, but this can vary depending on individual factors. It’s important that patients consult with their doctor often about their plan for treating cholestasis.

• #149 Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1562288-overview

  One of the more worrisome aspects of ICP is the possibility of sudden fetal death, sometimes within hours of normal fetal heart rate tracings. […] Intrauterine fetal demise is also associated with ICP, especially if the total bile acid level is elevated and/or jaundice is present, but it rarely occurs prior to 36 weeks gestation.

• #150 Cholestasis of pregnancy | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/cholestasis-of-pregnancy?content_id=CON-20338994

  Because complications can be very dangerous for your baby, your pregnancy care provider may consider inducing labor before your due date. […] The goals of treatment for cholestasis of pregnancy are to ease itching and prevent complications in your baby. […] Even if prenatal tests are within standard limits, your pregnancy care provider may suggest inducing labor before your due date. Early term delivery, around 37 weeks, may lower the risk of stillbirth.

• #151 Cholestasis of pregnancy – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cholestasis-of-pregnancy/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20363258

  Cholestasis of pregnancy can potentially cause complications to your pregnancy. […] The goals of treatment for cholestasis of pregnancy are to ease itching and prevent complications in your baby. […] To soothe intense itching, your pregnancy care provider may recommend: Taking a prescription medicine called ursodiol (Actigall, Urso, Urso Forte). This medicine helps to lower the level of bile acids in your blood. Other medicines to relieve itching also may be an option. […] Monitoring may include: Nonstress testing. During a nonstress test, your pregnancy care provider will check your baby’s heart rate, and how much the heart rate increases with activity. […] Even if prenatal tests are within standard limits, your pregnancy care provider may suggest inducing labor before your due date. Early term delivery, around 37 weeks, may lower the risk of stillbirth. […] A history of cholestasis of pregnancy may increase the risk of symptoms returning with contraceptives that contain estrogen, so other methods of birth control are generally recommended. […] Cholestasis of pregnancy can be a worrisome diagnosis.

• #152 Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) | CUH

  https://www.cuh.nhs.uk/patient-information/intrahepatic-cholestasis-of-pregnancy-icp/

  ICP is a pregnancy specific problem, when itching in pregnancy occurs along with an increased level of bile acids on a blood test. […] ICP usually starts in the third trimester, but it can start at any time in pregnancy. […] The main symptom of ICP is itching (without a rash). Sometimes this is more noticeable on the hands and feet, but having generalised itching is also common. It is typically worse at night. […] Symptoms usually start after 28 weeks (in the third trimester) but they can start at any time in pregnancy. […] If you have been diagnosed with ICP, you are at a slightly higher chance of developing pre-eclampsia (raised blood pressure with protein in the urine) or gestational diabetes. […] For mild ICP (BA 40 micromol/L), birth is usually recommended between 39-40 weeks.

• #153 Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) | CUH

  https://www.cuh.nhs.uk/patient-information/intrahepatic-cholestasis-of-pregnancy-icp/

  For moderate ICP (BA 40-99 micromol/L), birth is usually recommended between 38-39 weeks. […] For severe ICP (BA 100 micromol/L), birth is usually recommended between 35-36 weeks to prevent late stillbirth. […] There is an increased chance of you having a pre-term birth (before 37+0 weeks). This may be because you go into labour naturally, or because you and your care team have decided that you should give birth early. […] There is approximately 80% chance of ICP recurring in future pregnancies.

• #154 Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) | CUH

  https://www.cuh.nhs.uk/patient-information/intrahepatic-cholestasis-of-pregnancy-icp/

  For moderate ICP (BA 40-99 micromol/L), birth is usually recommended between 38-39 weeks. […] For severe ICP (BA 100 micromol/L), birth is usually recommended between 35-36 weeks to prevent late stillbirth. […] There is an increased chance of you having a pre-term birth (before 37+0 weeks). This may be because you go into labour naturally, or because you and your care team have decided that you should give birth early. […] There is approximately 80% chance of ICP recurring in future pregnancies.

• #155 Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice US

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/800

  Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is characterized by maternal pruritus (itch) and liver dysfunction, with raised total serum bile acid concentrations, in the absence of other contributing liver disorders and restricted to pregnancy. […] The condition is associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes for the newborn, including spontaneous preterm birth, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, neonatal unit admission, and, if the mothers serum bile acid concentrations are elevated to a level of 100 micromol/L, stillbirth. Maternal complications include an increased risk of gestational diabetes and preeclampsia, in addition to impaired glucose tolerance and dyslipidemia. […] The risk of stillbirth is increased for pregnant women with total serum bile acid concentrations of 100 micromol/L, and so delivery should be offered to these women at 35 to 36 gestational weeks.

• #156 Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/800

  Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is characterised by maternal pruritus (itch) and liver dysfunction, with raised total serum bile acid concentrations, in the absence of other contributing liver disorders and restricted to pregnancy. […] The condition is associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes for the newborn, including spontaneous preterm birth, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, neonatal unit admission, and, if the mothers serum bile acid concentrations are elevated to a level of 100 micromol/L, stillbirth. […] Maternal complications include an increased risk of gestational diabetes and pre-eclampsia, in addition to impaired glucose tolerance and dyslipidaemia. […] The risk of stillbirth is increased for pregnant women with total serum bile acid concentrations of 100 micromol/L, and so delivery should be offered to these women at 35 to 36 gestational weeks.

• #157 Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) | CUH

  https://www.cuh.nhs.uk/patient-information/intrahepatic-cholestasis-of-pregnancy-icp/

  For moderate ICP (BA 40-99 micromol/L), birth is usually recommended between 38-39 weeks. […] For severe ICP (BA 100 micromol/L), birth is usually recommended between 35-36 weeks to prevent late stillbirth. […] There is an increased chance of you having a pre-term birth (before 37+0 weeks). This may be because you go into labour naturally, or because you and your care team have decided that you should give birth early. […] There is approximately 80% chance of ICP recurring in future pregnancies.

• #158 Pregnancy Spotlight: Understanding Cholestasis of Pregnancy

  https://www.abclawcenters.com/blog/pregnancy-spotlight-cholestasis-of-pregnancy/

  Cholestasis doesn’t pose any major long-term risks to the mother, but it can be very dangerous for the baby. Elevated bile levels in the mother’s blood can put a strain on the baby’s liver. In pregnancies involving Cholestasis, there is an increased risk of stillbirth, as well of birth injuries. There is also an increase in the risk of the baby passing meconium while in the womb. Meconium, if inhaled during delivery, can damage the lungs and cause respiratory difficulty. This is called meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS). MAS increases the risk of diagnoses like hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), which can lead to cerebral palsy and other developmental delays. […] With cholestasis, doctors will most likely recommend early induction in order to prevent the baby from suffering health complications or injuries. They should carefully monitor the baby’s maturity and wellbeing in order to determine optimal timing of delivery. Induction usually occurs around 37 weeks, but this can vary depending on individual factors. It’s important that patients consult with their doctor often about their plan for treating cholestasis.

• #159 Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1562288-overview

  Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is characterized by generalized itching, often commencing with pruritus of the palms of the hands and soles of the feet, with no other skin manifestations. It most often presents in the late second or early third trimester of pregnancy. […] Maternal outcomes for patients diagnosed with ICP are good, with few, if any, long-term sequelae; however, fetal outcomes can be devastating. Thus, early recognition, treatment, and timely delivery are imperative. […] From a maternal viewpoint, the main consideration is intense pruritus, which may become so intolerable that delivery is considered as early as 35-37 weeks. […] The fetal viewpoint is more concerning, as even with modern treatment the risk for fetal demise can range from 2-11%. Thus, many would advocate induction at 37 weeks.

• #160 Frequently Asked Questions About ICP – ICP Care

  https://icpcare.org/intrahepatic-cholestasis-pregnancy/faqs/

  Symptoms of Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy (ICP) include generalized itching that does not have to involve only the hands and feet. […] Early onset ICP is associated with more of a risk of meconium passage, preterm labor, and respiratory distress after birth than cases diagnosed later. […] Some pregnant women with ICP have pain on the right side under the right ribs and others mention the pain in the back just below the right shoulder blade. […] Itching in ICP is caused by the deposition of bile acids and does not respond as well to antihistamines which are medications that mainly affect a response to an allergen. […] Symptoms can occur weeks before bile acid levels are positive on a test. […] Delivery timing should be planned based on your highest bile acid level. […] ICP is associated with an increased risk of stillbirth (intrauterine fetal death), meconium staining in utero, spontaneous premature labor, fetal distress, and respiratory issues for the baby after birth.

• #161 When it’s More Than Just an Itch: Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy (ICP) – The Natural Parent Magazine

  https://thenaturalparentmagazine.com/just-itch-intrahepatic-cholestasis-pregnancy-icp/

  The itch. Not a pleasant sensation and it varies in intensity from woman to woman, but has been described as like a tingle under the skin, to like an army of ants underneath my skin (source). This itching tends to affect the palms of the hands and soles of the feet, but can be elsewhere on the body too, and there is no rash. The itching can be worse at night and interrupt your sleep. Dark urine and pale stools can also be an indicator, as well as feeling unwell and not having much appetite. Some women develop jaundice (yellowing of the whites of the eyes and skin) but this is not common. […] The symptoms tend to start after 30 weeks gestation for about 80% of woman, though some experience it much earlier. […] There is considerable debate about the risk to the unborn baby. ICP has been linked to an increased risk of fetal distress, premature labour (spontaneous and iatrogenic), meconium staining and, in severe cases, stillbirth (Geenes et al 2013). (source) […] But by far the scariest risk is that of stillbirth. Stillbirth is more common in ICP babies than in uncomplicated pregnancies, a risk of between 1-4%, and tends to occur after 37 weeks. The risk is thought to be higher if there are other complications, such as gestational diabetes or pre-eclampsia.

• #162 Cholestasis of Pregnancy: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://americanpregnancy.org/healthy-pregnancy/pregnancy-complications/cholestasis-of-pregnancy/?sw_cache=rebuild

  What Are the Symptoms of Cholestasis of Pregnancy? Itching, particularly on the hands and feet (often is the only symptom noticed) […] Cholestasis may increase the risks for fetal distress, preterm birth, or stillbirth. A developing baby relies on the mother’s liver to remove bile acids from the blood; therefore, the elevated levels of maternal bile cause stress on the baby’s liver. Women with cholestasis should be monitored closely and serious consideration should be given to inducing labor once the baby’s lungs have reached maturity.

• #163 Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1562288-overview

  Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is characterized by generalized itching, often commencing with pruritus of the palms of the hands and soles of the feet, with no other skin manifestations. It most often presents in the late second or early third trimester of pregnancy. […] Maternal outcomes for patients diagnosed with ICP are good, with few, if any, long-term sequelae; however, fetal outcomes can be devastating. Thus, early recognition, treatment, and timely delivery are imperative. […] From a maternal viewpoint, the main consideration is intense pruritus, which may become so intolerable that delivery is considered as early as 35-37 weeks. […] The fetal viewpoint is more concerning, as even with modern treatment the risk for fetal demise can range from 2-11%. Thus, many would advocate induction at 37 weeks.

• #164 Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1562288-overview

  Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is characterized by generalized itching, often commencing with pruritus of the palms of the hands and soles of the feet, with no other skin manifestations. It most often presents in the late second or early third trimester of pregnancy. […] Maternal outcomes for patients diagnosed with ICP are good, with few, if any, long-term sequelae; however, fetal outcomes can be devastating. Thus, early recognition, treatment, and timely delivery are imperative. […] From a maternal viewpoint, the main consideration is intense pruritus, which may become so intolerable that delivery is considered as early as 35-37 weeks. […] The fetal viewpoint is more concerning, as even with modern treatment the risk for fetal demise can range from 2-11%. Thus, many would advocate induction at 37 weeks.

• #165 The 9-Month Itch Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy | WakeMed

  https://www.wakemed.org/about-us/news-and-media/wakemed-blogs/2022/12/the-9-month-itch-intrahepatic-cholestasis-of-pregnancy

  When your liver produces too much of these bile acids, the main symptom is itching and the biggest, though statistically unlikely risk, is stillbirth. […] When we have a patient who is complaining of itching, but we don’t see a rash, the first thing we are going to think about is cholestasis, says Dr. Michael Armstrong, a high-risk OB-GYN. […] Due to the persistence of itching, some individuals become uncomfortable and irritated. For many patients, the itching can be worse at night, which can lead to a lack of quality sleep. […] As the pregnancy progresses, the bile acids may continue to rise which can impact the baby’s APGAR score. […] For this reason, most patients will receive a labor induction between 36-37 weeks depending on the bile acid levels. […] Decreased APGARs after delivery are a risk with preterm births, says Dr. Armstrong.

• #166 Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy | March of Dimes

  https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/pregnancy/intrahepatic-cholestasis-pregnancy

  ICP is a liver condition that can increase your risk for problems, including preterm birth, stillbirth and heavy bleeding after birth. […] If you have any signs or symptoms of ICP, like feeling itchy on the palms of your hands or soles of your feet, tell your health care provider. […] Signs and symptoms of ICP can range from mild to severe and may begin in your second or third trimester. Call your provider if you have signs and symptoms of ICP, including: Severe itching. Itchy skin is the most common symptom of ICP. You may itch all over your body, but it may be most severe on the palms of your hands and the bottom of your feet. Itching may be the worst at night, and it may wake you up or make it hard to sleep. […] Itching should stop within a few days of giving birth. Your provider may recommend blood tests after giving birth to check your bile acid levels and make sure your liver is working well.

• #167 Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy – British Liver Trust

  https://britishlivertrust.org.uk/information-and-support/liver-conditions/intrahepatic-cholestasis-pregnancy/

  The main symptom is itching. You might hear this called pruritus by health professionals such as doctors and midwives. The itching can sometimes be very hard to cope with, but ICP is not dangerous for the pregnant person. […] The most common symptom of ICP is itching. This can range from quite mild to very severe. It usually starts after 20 weeks of pregnancy. […] Most people will not have any other symptoms of ICP. In rare cases you can develop jaundice. This is a yellow colour to your eyes or skin. Or notice that your poo is a very pale, putty colour. […] It is unlikely that ICP will cause any serious problems for your baby. It can increase the risk of your baby being born early. […] ICP can sometimes increase the risk of stillbirth late in pregnancy. This is rare, and the risk can be reduced by planning to have your baby a few weeks early. […] Itching usually stops within a few days of birth, often in the first few hours. ICP should have no long-term effects on your liver or your general health. But it is important to get another blood test to check that everything has gone back to normal.

• #168 Obstetric Cholestasis – Saolta Maternity Services

  https://www.uhgmaternity.com/pregnancy/obstetric-cholestasis/

  A few women with obstetric cholestasis develop jaundice (yellowing of the skin owing to liver changes). Some women feel unwell and lose their appetite. Jaundice can also cause dark urine and pale bowel movements. […] Itching is very common in pregnancy, affecting 23 in 100 women (23%), but only a small proportion of those women will have obstetric cholestasis. However, itching is often the first sign of obstetric cholestasis, often being worse at night and involving the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. Therefore, if you do have itching, it is important you tell your midwife or obstetrician. […] Obstetric cholestasis gets better after birth. However, you should have a follow-up appointment with a healthcare professional with knowledge of obstetric cholestasis 6-8 weeks after the birth of your baby. The purpose of your follow-up is to ensure that your itching has gone away and that your liver is working normally. Continuing symptoms and abnormal liver function tests may suggest a different problem after all and you should then be referred to a specialist.

• #169 Obstetric Cholestasis: Itching to Know the Reason? – Dr Pamela Tan

  https://drpamelatan.com/obstetric-cholestasis-whats-the-itch-all-about/

  You may continue to itch for some time after delivery, especially in prolonged cases, or if you have several pregnancies over a short period of time. It is fortunate that this condition typically goes away after your baby is born. […] The goal of treatment is to relieve itching and prevent complications. Aside from the seemingly unbearable itching, it is the fear of not knowing how the condition is affecting your baby that increases your anxiety. To ensure your baby’s safety, treatment may include: Home remedies. Cold or ice baths slows down blood circulation, which can help relieve itching, and wearing loose-fitting cotton garments help minimise it. […] It is advised that you get a follow-up appointment with your doctor 6-8 weeks after giving birth. This visit is necessary to assess your symptoms and liver function thoroughly. Persistent symptoms and abnormal liver function test results suggest a different problem which calls for a referral to a specialist.

• #170 Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy (ICP) | Tommy’sCloseleft-arrowleft-arrowleft-arrowleft-arrowleft-arrowleft-arrowCloseReconfirm cookies choice

  https://www.tommys.org/pregnancy-information/pregnancy-complications/obstetric-cholestasis

  Symptoms of ICP usually start from around 28 weeks of pregnancy but can start at any time. […] Itching is the main symptom of ICP. Itching without a rash is the most common symptom. It is often worse at night and more noticeable on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet, but it can be anywhere on the body. Itching from ICP affects people differently and can vary at different times. […] It can be mild or intense and affect only small areas of your body or all of it. It can be distressing and affect your sleep. ICP itching will stop soon after you’ve given birth, usually in hours or days. […] Other less common symptoms of ICP may include dark wee, pale poo, and yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes (jaundice). […] ICP symptoms get better once you’ve given birth. But it can take a few weeks for your blood tests to return to normal. […] Having ICP increases your chance of having it again in future pregnancies.

• #171 Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy – British Liver Trust

  https://britishlivertrust.org.uk/information-and-support/liver-conditions/intrahepatic-cholestasis-pregnancy/

  The main symptom is itching. You might hear this called pruritus by health professionals such as doctors and midwives. The itching can sometimes be very hard to cope with, but ICP is not dangerous for the pregnant person. […] The most common symptom of ICP is itching. This can range from quite mild to very severe. It usually starts after 20 weeks of pregnancy. […] Most people will not have any other symptoms of ICP. In rare cases you can develop jaundice. This is a yellow colour to your eyes or skin. Or notice that your poo is a very pale, putty colour. […] It is unlikely that ICP will cause any serious problems for your baby. It can increase the risk of your baby being born early. […] ICP can sometimes increase the risk of stillbirth late in pregnancy. This is rare, and the risk can be reduced by planning to have your baby a few weeks early. […] Itching usually stops within a few days of birth, often in the first few hours. ICP should have no long-term effects on your liver or your general health. But it is important to get another blood test to check that everything has gone back to normal.

• #172 Obstetric Cholestasis – Saolta Maternity Services

  https://www.uhgmaternity.com/pregnancy/obstetric-cholestasis/

  A few women with obstetric cholestasis develop jaundice (yellowing of the skin owing to liver changes). Some women feel unwell and lose their appetite. Jaundice can also cause dark urine and pale bowel movements. […] Itching is very common in pregnancy, affecting 23 in 100 women (23%), but only a small proportion of those women will have obstetric cholestasis. However, itching is often the first sign of obstetric cholestasis, often being worse at night and involving the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. Therefore, if you do have itching, it is important you tell your midwife or obstetrician. […] Obstetric cholestasis gets better after birth. However, you should have a follow-up appointment with a healthcare professional with knowledge of obstetric cholestasis 6-8 weeks after the birth of your baby. The purpose of your follow-up is to ensure that your itching has gone away and that your liver is working normally. Continuing symptoms and abnormal liver function tests may suggest a different problem after all and you should then be referred to a specialist.

• #173 Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy | RCOG

  https://www.rcog.org.uk/for-the-public/browse-our-patient-information/intrahepatic-cholestasis-of-pregnancy/

  Your chance of having a stillbirth depends on the level of bile acids found in your blood as well as any other pregnancy complications you may be experiencing. […] If your bile acid levels are 100 micromol/L or more (Severe ICP), your chance of having a stillbirth is higher than someone who doesn’t have ICP and is around 3%. Most of these stillbirths happen after 36 weeks of pregnancy. […] Once you have been diagnosed with ICP, you should be under the care of an obstetrician. Your blood tests will usually be repeated after one week and an individualised plan of care will be made for you depending on your circumstances. […] When your baby is born your ICP will get better. […] ICP symptoms get better after birth. It can take several weeks for your blood tests to return to normal.

• #174 Cholestasis of Pregnancy: Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/cholestasis-of-pregnancy-5120888

  Possible complications of ICP include stillbirth, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, preterm birth, and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission. […] Maternal symptoms usually resolve shortly after giving birth. The long-term maternal prognosis is good, although a study did find an increased risk for a later diagnosis of gallstones, liver cirrhosis, and hepatitis C. […] If you experience any symptoms of ICPespecially the most common symptom of itching skintell your healthcare provider. Diagnosing and managing ICP is the only way to reduce the risk of complications. Remember, most of the time ICP resolves after giving birth, and people do not usually go on to have long-term complications from it.

• #175 Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy – British Liver Trust

  https://britishlivertrust.org.uk/information-and-support/liver-conditions/intrahepatic-cholestasis-pregnancy/

  The main symptom is itching. You might hear this called pruritus by health professionals such as doctors and midwives. The itching can sometimes be very hard to cope with, but ICP is not dangerous for the pregnant person. […] The most common symptom of ICP is itching. This can range from quite mild to very severe. It usually starts after 20 weeks of pregnancy. […] Most people will not have any other symptoms of ICP. In rare cases you can develop jaundice. This is a yellow colour to your eyes or skin. Or notice that your poo is a very pale, putty colour. […] It is unlikely that ICP will cause any serious problems for your baby. It can increase the risk of your baby being born early. […] ICP can sometimes increase the risk of stillbirth late in pregnancy. This is rare, and the risk can be reduced by planning to have your baby a few weeks early. […] Itching usually stops within a few days of birth, often in the first few hours. ICP should have no long-term effects on your liver or your general health. But it is important to get another blood test to check that everything has gone back to normal.

• #176 Cholestasis of Pregnancy | Loma Linda University Children’s Health

  https://lluch.org/conditions/cholestasis-of-pregnancy

  There is a serious risk of complications in your developing baby if you have cholestasis of pregnancy. The complications include: […] Cholestasis of pregnancy can also lead to vitamin K deficiency. This will need to be treated before you give birth, because it can cause you to bleed too much. […] Cholestasis of pregnancy is a condition that slows or stops the normal flow of bile in the gallbladder. […] It can cause severe itching. This is the most common symptom. […] Babies of women with cholestasis are often delivered early (usually around 37 weeks) because of the risks.

• #177

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=tw12250

  Cholestasis of pregnancy most often starts in the last 3 months of pregnancy. This condition may make your skin become very itchy, often on your hands and feet. […] Cholestasis of pregnancy can cause pregnancy complications. You have a higher chance of: Preterm labour. Having your baby early (being induced early). Meconium in the fluid around your baby in the uterus. Stillbirth. […] Cholestasis of pregnancy goes away after you have your baby.

• #178 Frequently Asked Questions About ICP – ICP Care

  https://icpcare.org/intrahepatic-cholestasis-pregnancy/faqs/

  Symptoms of Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy (ICP) include generalized itching that does not have to involve only the hands and feet. […] Early onset ICP is associated with more of a risk of meconium passage, preterm labor, and respiratory distress after birth than cases diagnosed later. […] Some pregnant women with ICP have pain on the right side under the right ribs and others mention the pain in the back just below the right shoulder blade. […] Itching in ICP is caused by the deposition of bile acids and does not respond as well to antihistamines which are medications that mainly affect a response to an allergen. […] Symptoms can occur weeks before bile acid levels are positive on a test. […] Delivery timing should be planned based on your highest bile acid level. […] ICP is associated with an increased risk of stillbirth (intrauterine fetal death), meconium staining in utero, spontaneous premature labor, fetal distress, and respiratory issues for the baby after birth.

• #179 The 9-Month Itch Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy | WakeMed

  https://www.wakemed.org/about-us/news-and-media/wakemed-blogs/2022/12/the-9-month-itch-intrahepatic-cholestasis-of-pregnancy

  When your liver produces too much of these bile acids, the main symptom is itching and the biggest, though statistically unlikely risk, is stillbirth. […] When we have a patient who is complaining of itching, but we don’t see a rash, the first thing we are going to think about is cholestasis, says Dr. Michael Armstrong, a high-risk OB-GYN. […] Due to the persistence of itching, some individuals become uncomfortable and irritated. For many patients, the itching can be worse at night, which can lead to a lack of quality sleep. […] As the pregnancy progresses, the bile acids may continue to rise which can impact the baby’s APGAR score. […] For this reason, most patients will receive a labor induction between 36-37 weeks depending on the bile acid levels. […] Decreased APGARs after delivery are a risk with preterm births, says Dr. Armstrong.

• #180 The 9-Month Itch Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy | WakeMed

  https://www.wakemed.org/about-us/news-and-media/wakemed-blogs/2022/12/the-9-month-itch-intrahepatic-cholestasis-of-pregnancy

  When your liver produces too much of these bile acids, the main symptom is itching and the biggest, though statistically unlikely risk, is stillbirth. […] When we have a patient who is complaining of itching, but we don’t see a rash, the first thing we are going to think about is cholestasis, says Dr. Michael Armstrong, a high-risk OB-GYN. […] Due to the persistence of itching, some individuals become uncomfortable and irritated. For many patients, the itching can be worse at night, which can lead to a lack of quality sleep. […] As the pregnancy progresses, the bile acids may continue to rise which can impact the baby’s APGAR score. […] For this reason, most patients will receive a labor induction between 36-37 weeks depending on the bile acid levels. […] Decreased APGARs after delivery are a risk with preterm births, says Dr. Armstrong.

• #181 Cholestasis of Pregnancy: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://www.whattoexpect.com/pregnancy/your-health/cholestasis

  Discomfort and itching on the palms and soles of the feet tends to be especially noticeable at night. […] If your doctor suspects you have cholestasis, shell want to run a diagnostic test usually a blood test known as a fractionated bile acid test, but sometimes a liver function test (though the results of the latter alone may not be enough to diagnose the condition). […] While it isn’t possible to prevent cholestasis during pregnancy, your doctor may prescribe treatments such as topical lotions, and oral medication like ursodiol to help the liver function properly and reduce its bile acid levels. […] In cases when maternal bile acids are higher, cholestasis can increase baby’s risk of a low birth weight, a slightly lower Apgar score, lung immaturity and preterm delivery which is why early diagnosis and treatment are so important. […] The good news is that the condition is very treatable if it’s caught early, and all the symptoms of cholestasis usually disappear on their own within 48 hours after birth.

• #182 Cholestasis After Pregnancy- A Comprehensive Guide to Types, Diet And Prevention | ClinicSpots

  https://www.clinicspots.com/blog/cholestasis-after-pregnancy-what-is-it-the-types-and-prevention

  Cholestasis of pregnancy typically resolves after delivery. However, it would help if you spoke with your healthcare provider about any ongoing symptoms or concerns you may have. […] If OC is not treated, it can affect the baby after birth. The baby may have a higher risk of health problems such as respiratory distress (difficulty breathing) and low blood sugar levels. In rare cases, OC may also increase the risk of stillbirth.

• #183 Obstetric Cholestasis – Saolta Maternity Services

  https://www.uhgmaternity.com/pregnancy/obstetric-cholestasis/

  A few women with obstetric cholestasis develop jaundice (yellowing of the skin owing to liver changes). Some women feel unwell and lose their appetite. Jaundice can also cause dark urine and pale bowel movements. […] Itching is very common in pregnancy, affecting 23 in 100 women (23%), but only a small proportion of those women will have obstetric cholestasis. However, itching is often the first sign of obstetric cholestasis, often being worse at night and involving the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. Therefore, if you do have itching, it is important you tell your midwife or obstetrician. […] Obstetric cholestasis gets better after birth. However, you should have a follow-up appointment with a healthcare professional with knowledge of obstetric cholestasis 6-8 weeks after the birth of your baby. The purpose of your follow-up is to ensure that your itching has gone away and that your liver is working normally. Continuing symptoms and abnormal liver function tests may suggest a different problem after all and you should then be referred to a specialist.

• #184 Obstetric Cholestasis: Itching to Know the Reason? – Dr Pamela Tan

  https://drpamelatan.com/obstetric-cholestasis-whats-the-itch-all-about/

  You may continue to itch for some time after delivery, especially in prolonged cases, or if you have several pregnancies over a short period of time. It is fortunate that this condition typically goes away after your baby is born. […] The goal of treatment is to relieve itching and prevent complications. Aside from the seemingly unbearable itching, it is the fear of not knowing how the condition is affecting your baby that increases your anxiety. To ensure your baby’s safety, treatment may include: Home remedies. Cold or ice baths slows down blood circulation, which can help relieve itching, and wearing loose-fitting cotton garments help minimise it. […] It is advised that you get a follow-up appointment with your doctor 6-8 weeks after giving birth. This visit is necessary to assess your symptoms and liver function thoroughly. Persistent symptoms and abnormal liver function test results suggest a different problem which calls for a referral to a specialist.

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