Chlamydia
Charakterystyka, pielęgnacja i opieka

Chlamydia trachomatis jest najczęstszą bakteryjną infekcją przenoszoną drogą płciową, często przebiegającą bezobjawowo (70-80% kobiet, 40-50% mężczyzn), co utrudnia diagnostykę i sprzyja transmisji. Infekcja dotyczy nabłonka kolumnowego szyjki macicy, cewki moczowej, odbytnicy oraz miejsc pozagenitalnych (oczy, płuca). Nieleczona może prowadzić do poważnych powikłań, takich jak zapalenie narządów miednicy mniejszej (PID), niepłodność, ciąża pozamaciczna, przewlekły ból miednicy, perihepatitis (zespół Fitza-Hugha-Curtisa), zapalenie najądrza, prostatitis, a także zwiększa ryzyko zakażenia HIV. Diagnostyka opiera się na testach NAAT z próbek moczu, wymazów z pochwy, szyjki macicy, cewki moczowej, odbytnicy i gardła. Leczenie standardowo obejmuje doksycyklinę 100 mg p.o. 2x/d przez 7 dni (przeciwwskazana w ciąży) lub azytromycynę 1 g jednorazowo (preferowana w ciąży). Kluczowe jest leczenie wszystkich partnerów seksualnych oraz edukacja pacjenta w zakresie profilaktyki i bezpiecznych praktyk seksualnych.

  1. Definicja i ogólne informacje o Chlamydia trachomatis
  2. Objawy zakażenia Chlamydia trachomatis
    1. Objawy u kobiet
    2. Objawy u mężczyzn
  3. Ocena pielęgniarska pacjenta z Chlamydia trachomatis
    1. Wywiad pielęgniarski
    2. Badanie fizykalne
  4. Diagnozy pielęgniarskie w opiece nad pacjentem z Chlamydia trachomatis
  5. Cele opieki pielęgniarskiej
  6. Interwencje pielęgniarskie w opiece nad pacjentem z Chlamydia trachomatis
    1. Leczenie farmakologiczne
    2. Edukacja pacjenta
    3. Zarządzanie partnerami seksualnymi
    4. Wsparcie emocjonalne
    5. Kontrola bólu
  7. Monitorowanie i ocena efektów opieki
  8. Instrukcje przy wypisie
  9. Zapobieganie zakażeniom Chlamydia trachomatis
  10. Powikłania nieleczonej infekcji Chlamydia trachomatis
    1. Powikłania u kobiet
    2. Powikłania u mężczyzn
    3. Inne powikłania
    4. Powikłania w czasie ciąży i u noworodków
  11. Współpraca interdyscyplinarna w opiece nad pacjentem z Chlamydia trachomatis
  12. Badania przesiewowe w kierunku Chlamydia trachomatis
    1. Zalecenia dotyczące badań przesiewowych
    2. Metody diagnostyczne
  13. Opieka pielęgniarska nad pacjentem z Chlamydia trachomatis – kluczowe aspekty
    1. Kolejne rozdziały

Definicja i ogólne informacje o Chlamydia trachomatis

Chlamydia to najczęściej występująca bakteryjna choroba przenoszona drogą płciową, wywoływana przez bakterię Chlamydia trachomatis. Jest to wewnątrzkomórkowy patogen infekujący nabłonek kolumnowy szyjki macicy, cewki moczowej, odbytnicy, a także miejsca pozagenitalne takie jak oczy i płuca. Zakażenie chlamydią charakteryzuje się tym, że często przebiega bezobjawowo, co znacznie utrudnia rozpoznanie i leczenie oraz sprzyja transmisji bakterii między partnerami seksualnymi. Nieleczone zakażenie może prowadzić do poważnych komplikacji zdrowotnych, szczególnie wśród kobiet12.

Zakażenie chlamydią może występować u osób w każdym wieku, jednak najczęściej dotyczy młodych, aktywnych seksualnie kobiet poniżej 25 roku życia. W przypadku braku leczenia, infekcja może rozprzestrzeniać się z miejsca pierwotnego zakażenia, prowadząc do powikłań takich jak zapalenie narządów miednicy mniejszej (PID), niepłodność, ciąża pozamaciczna i przewlekły ból w miednicy34.

Objawy zakażenia Chlamydia trachomatis

Zakażenie Chlamydia trachomatis często przebiega bezobjawowo – dotyczy to nawet 70-80% zakażonych kobiet i 40-50% zakażonych mężczyzn. Z tego powodu osoby zakażone często nie są świadome infekcji i nie podejmują leczenia, co sprzyja rozprzestrzenianiu się chlamydii56.

Objawy, gdy występują, mogą obejmować:

Objawy u kobiet

  • Nieprawidłowa wydzielina z pochwy
  • Krwawienie międzymiesiączkowe lub po stosunku
  • Ból podczas stosunku (dyspareunia)
  • Ból podczas oddawania moczu (dysuria)
  • Częstomocz
  • Ból i tkliwość w dolnej części brzucha lub miednicy
  • Zapalenie szyjki macicy (cervicitis) z śluzowo-ropną wydzieliną
  • Ból odbytu i wydzielina z odbytu (przy zakażeniu odbytnicy)78

Objawy u mężczyzn

  • Wodnista wydzielina z cewki moczowej (biała, szara lub przezroczysta)
  • Ból podczas oddawania moczu
  • Obrzęk i ból moszny
  • Bolesność jąder
  • Zapalenie cewki moczowej (urethritis)
  • Ból odbytu i wydzielina z odbytu (przy zakażeniu odbytnicy)910

Ocena pielęgniarska pacjenta z Chlamydia trachomatis

Pielęgniarska ocena pacjenta z podejrzeniem zakażenia Chlamydia trachomatis obejmuje zebranie wywiadu oraz przeprowadzenie badania fizykalnego. Podczas zbierania wywiadu należy zwrócić uwagę na charakterystyczne objawy oraz historię seksualną pacjenta11.

Wywiad pielęgniarski

Podczas zbierania wywiadu należy zwrócić uwagę na następujące objawy:

  • Występowanie gorączki
  • Obecność wydzieliny śluzowo-ropnej z oczu lub zaczerwienienie spojówek
  • Ból w dolnej części brzucha lub miednicy
  • Ból podczas oddawania moczu
  • Częstomocz
  • Krwawienie międzymiesiączkowe lub po stosunku
  • Zaczerwienienie narządów płciowych
  • Dyskomfort lub podrażnienie narządów płciowych
  • Jednostronny ból i obrzęk moszny
  • Żółta, śluzowo-ropna wydzielina z cewki moczowej
  • Historia seksualna (liczba partnerów, rodzaje aktywności seksualnej)12

Badanie fizykalne

Podczas badania fizykalnego należy zwrócić uwagę na:

  • Tkliwość przydatków
  • Obustronne ropne zapalenie spojówek (u noworodków)
  • Tkliwość przy poruszaniu szyjką macicy
  • Bolesność przy stosunku
  • Bolesne oddawanie moczu
  • Zaczerwienienie narządów płciowych
  • Objaw bruzdy (oddzielenie węzłów chłonnych pachwinowych i udowych przez więzadło pachwinowe)
  • Miejscowe powiększenie węzłów chłonnych pachwinowych i owrzodzenie
  • Tkliwość w dolnej części brzucha lub miednicy
  • Lymphogranuloma venereum
  • Śluzowo-ropne zapalenie szyjki macicy lub nadżerka szyjki macicy
  • Śluzowo-ropna wydzielina z odbytnicy
  • Częstomocz
  • Świąd
  • Ból moszny
  • Jednostronna tkliwość i obrzęk najądrza
  • Tkliwość w prawym górnym kwadrancie brzucha (zespół Fitza-Hugha-Curtisa)
  • Zapalenie cewki moczowej13

Diagnozy pielęgniarskie w opiece nad pacjentem z Chlamydia trachomatis

W opiece nad pacjentem z zakażeniem Chlamydia trachomatis można wyróżnić następujące diagnozy pielęgniarskie:

  • Ryzyko zakażenia związane z przenoszeniem drogą płciową bakterii Chlamydia trachomatis
  • Deficyt wiedzy dotyczący profilaktyki, transmisji i leczenia chlamydii
  • Nieskuteczne radzenie sobie z diagnozą i jej konsekwencjami
  • Zakażenie narządów płciowych bakterią Chlamydia trachomatis
  • Ból związany z zakażeniem i jego objawami
  • Dysfunkcja seksualna wynikająca z zakażenia i jego konsekwencji1415

Cele opieki pielęgniarskiej

Główne cele opieki pielęgniarskiej nad pacjentem z chlamydią obejmują:

  • Całkowite wyleczenie zakażenia
  • Zapobieganie powikłaniom związanym z zakażeniem (np. PID, perihepatitis)
  • Zmniejszenie ryzyka transmisji bakterii na partnerów seksualnych
  • Ustąpienie objawów zakażenia
  • Zwiększenie świadomości pacjenta na temat choroby, jej leczenia i metod zapobiegania
  • Zapewnienie wsparcia emocjonalnego w związku z diagnozą
  • Uzyskanie zrozumienia przez pacjenta potencjalnych długoterminowych konsekwencji zakażenia161718

Interwencje pielęgniarskie w opiece nad pacjentem z Chlamydia trachomatis

Interwencje pielęgniarskie w opiece nad pacjentem z zakażeniem Chlamydia trachomatis obejmują zarówno działania związane z leczeniem, jak i edukacją pacjenta19.

Leczenie farmakologiczne

  • Podawanie antybiotyków zgodnie ze zleceniem lekarza:
    • Doksycyklina 100 mg doustnie dwa razy dziennie przez 7 dni (preferowana opcja dla osób niebędących w ciąży)
    • Azytromycyna 1 g doustnie w pojedynczej dawce (alternatywa, rekomendowana w ciąży)
  • Podawanie leków przeciwbólowych w razie potrzeby
  • Sprawdzanie wyników badań laboratoryjnych, w tym wyników posiewów
  • Upewnienie się, że pacjentka nie jest w ciąży przed podaniem doksycykliny (doksycyklina jest przeciwwskazana w ciąży)
  • Obserwacja pacjenta pod kątem działań niepożądanych leków202122

Edukacja pacjenta

  • Informowanie pacjenta o naturze zakażenia Chlamydia trachomatis, jego transmisji, leczeniu i profilaktyce
  • Podkreślanie znaczenia dokończenia pełnego kursu antybiotykoterapii, nawet jeśli objawy ustąpią
  • Informowanie o możliwych działaniach niepożądanych przepisanych leków
  • Edukacja na temat bezpieczniejszych praktyk seksualnych:
    • Zachęcanie do używania prezerwatyw podczas każdego stosunku seksualnego
    • Ograniczenie liczby partnerów seksualnych
    • Wykonywanie badań przez nowych partnerów przed podjęciem aktywności seksualnej
  • Informowanie o potencjalnych długoterminowych konsekwencjach nieleczonego zakażenia, w tym o możliwości niepłodności
  • Podkreślanie znaczenia regularnych badań przesiewowych2324

Zarządzanie partnerami seksualnymi

  • Zachęcanie pacjenta do poinformowania partnerów seksualnych z ostatnich 60 dni o konieczności wykonania badań i leczenia
  • Informowanie o możliwości ekspedytywnego leczenia partnerów (EPT – Expedited Partner Therapy), gdzie jest to dozwolone
  • Podkreślanie znaczenia leczenia wszystkich partnerów seksualnych w celu uniknięcia ponownego zakażenia
  • Zalecanie powstrzymania się od aktywności seksualnej do czasu zakończenia leczenia przez pacjenta i wszystkich jego partnerów (zwykle 7 dni po przyjęciu dawki jednorazowej lub do zakończenia pełnego kursu leczenia)252627

Wsparcie emocjonalne

  • Zapewnienie wsparcia emocjonalnego w związku z diagnozą STI
  • Odniesienie się do obaw dotyczących płodności i związków
  • Zachęcanie do wyrażania uczuć i obaw związanych z diagnozą
  • Wskazanie zasobów wsparcia, w tym grup wsparcia i usług poradnictwa2829

Kontrola bólu

  • Ocena charakteru i natężenia bólu
  • Podawanie leków przeciwbólowych zgodnie z zaleceniami
  • Nauczanie technik relaksacyjnych, które mogą pomóc złagodzić ból:
    • Wizualizacja
    • Prowadzenie
    • Wyobraźnia
    • Ćwiczenia głębokiego oddychania
    • Joga30

Monitorowanie i ocena efektów opieki

Monitorowanie i ocena efektów opieki nad pacjentem z Chlamydia trachomatis obejmuje:

  • Ocenę ustąpienia objawów zakażenia
  • Sprawdzenie przestrzegania zaleceń dotyczących leczenia
  • Powtórne badanie po leczeniu (test of cure) w przypadku:
    • Ciąży (zalecane 4 tygodnie po leczeniu)
    • Objawów utrzymujących się po leczeniu
    • Zastosowania alternatywnego schematu leczenia
    • Zakażenia odbytnicy
  • Ponowne badanie przesiewowe po 3 miesiącach od zakończenia leczenia w celu wykrycia ewentualnego ponownego zakażenia
  • Ocenę poziomu wiedzy pacjenta na temat zakażenia, jego leczenia i profilaktyki
  • Ocenę stosowania przez pacjenta środków zapobiegawczych313233

Instrukcje przy wypisie

Instrukcje dla pacjenta przy wypisie powinny obejmować:

  • Informacje o konieczności skierowania wszystkich partnerów seksualnych na badania i leczenie
  • Zalecenie unikania aktywności seksualnej do czasu zakończenia leczenia przez pacjenta i partnerów
  • Informacje o konieczności kontynuowania leczenia zgodnie z zaleceniami, nawet jeśli objawy ustąpią
  • Zalecenie kontroli u lekarza prowadzącego w celu weryfikacji skuteczności leczenia
  • Instrukcje dotyczące powrotu do lekarza, jeśli objawy utrzymują się dłużej niż tydzień pomimo leczenia, lub jeśli wystąpią nietypowe krwawienia z pochwy, obrzęk lub niewyjaśnione objawy
  • Informacje o konieczności powtórnego badania po 3 miesiącach od zakończenia leczenia
  • Zalecenia dotyczące praktyk bezpieczniejszego seksu w przyszłości3435

Zapobieganie zakażeniom Chlamydia trachomatis

Zapobieganie zakażeniom Chlamydia trachomatis obejmuje:

  • Promocję bezpieczniejszych praktyk seksualnych:
    • Konsekwentne i prawidłowe używanie prezerwatyw podczas stosunków seksualnych
    • Ograniczenie liczby partnerów seksualnych
    • Badanie nowych partnerów seksualnych przed podjęciem aktywności seksualnej
  • Regularne badania przesiewowe w kierunku chlamydii u osób aktywnych seksualnie:
    • Coroczne badania u wszystkich aktywnych seksualnie kobiet poniżej 25 roku życia
    • Badania u starszych kobiet z czynnikami ryzyka
    • Badania u kobiet w ciąży podczas pierwszej wizyty prenatalnej
  • Edukację na temat STI, ich transmisji, objawów i konsekwencji
  • Leczenie profilaktyczne (doksycyklina) u osób z grup wysokiego ryzyka zakażenia chlamydią (mężczyźni uprawiający seks z mężczyznami, transseksualne kobiety)363738

Powikłania nieleczonej infekcji Chlamydia trachomatis

Nieleczone zakażenie Chlamydia trachomatis może prowadzić do poważnych powikłań zdrowotnych, szczególnie u kobiet.

Powikłania u kobiet

  • Zapalenie narządów miednicy mniejszej (PID) – zakażenie może rozprzestrzeniać się z szyjki macicy do macicy, jajowodów i jajników
  • Niepłodność – w wyniku blizowacenia jajowodów
  • Ciąża pozamaciczna – zwiększone ryzyko w wyniku uszkodzenia jajowodów
  • Przewlekły ból miednicy
  • Perihepatitis (zespół Fitza-Hugha-Curtisa) – zapalenie torebki wątroby i otaczających tkanek3940

Powikłania u mężczyzn

  • Zapalenie najądrza i jądra (epididymo-orchitis)
  • Zapalenie gruczołu krokowego (prostatitis)
  • W rzadkich przypadkach niepłodność4142

Inne powikłania

  • Reaktywne zapalenie stawów (zespół Reitera) – może wystąpić zarówno u mężczyzn, jak i kobiet
  • Zapalenie spojówek – zakażenie oczu
  • Zwiększone ryzyko zakażenia HIV – chlamydia może ułatwiać transmisję i nabycie HIV i innych STI4344

Powikłania w czasie ciąży i u noworodków

  • Przedwczesne pęknięcie błon płodowych
  • Przedwczesny poród
  • Niska masa urodzeniowa dziecka
  • Zakażenie noworodka podczas porodu, które może prowadzić do:
    • Zapalenia spojówek u noworodków (występuje 5-12 dni po urodzeniu)
    • Zapalenia płuc u niemowląt (występuje 1-3 miesiące po urodzeniu)454647

Współpraca interdyscyplinarna w opiece nad pacjentem z Chlamydia trachomatis

Skuteczna opieka nad pacjentem z zakażeniem Chlamydia trachomatis wymaga współpracy interdyscyplinarnego zespołu medycznego, który obejmuje:

  • Lekarzy – odpowiedzialnych za diagnozę, leczenie i monitorowanie skuteczności terapii
  • Pielęgniarki – zapewniające bezpośrednią opiekę, edukację pacjenta i wsparcie emocjonalne
  • Farmaceutów – doradzających w zakresie farmakoterapii, potencjalnych interakcji lekowych i wspierających przestrzeganie zaleceń dotyczących leczenia
  • Specjalistów chorób zakaźnych – w przypadku złożonych lub opornych na leczenie zakażeń
  • Położników/ginekologów – w przypadku zakażeń u kobiet w ciąży lub z powikłaniami ginekologicznymi
  • Urologów – w przypadku zakażeń z powikłaniami urologicznymi u mężczyzn
  • Specjalistów zdrowia publicznego – odpowiedzialnych za monitorowanie i kontrolę rozprzestrzeniania się STI w populacji484950

Zespół medyczny musi współpracować w celu:

  • Edukacji pacjenta na temat metod unikania ekspozycji na zakażenie
  • Podkreślania znaczenia ukończenia leczenia
  • Identyfikacji i leczenia partnerów seksualnych
  • Zapewnienia regularnych badań kontrolnych
  • Zmniejszenia występowania i poprawy wyników leczenia chlamydii51

Badania przesiewowe w kierunku Chlamydia trachomatis

Badania przesiewowe odgrywają kluczową rolę w kontroli zakażeń Chlamydia trachomatis, ponieważ większość zakażeń przebiega bezobjawowo. Regularne badania pozwalają na wczesne wykrycie i leczenie, zapobiegając powikłaniom i dalszej transmisji52.

Zalecenia dotyczące badań przesiewowych

  • Coroczne badania przesiewowe zalecane są dla:
    • Wszystkich aktywnych seksualnie kobiet poniżej 25 roku życia
    • Kobiet powyżej 25 roku życia z czynnikami ryzyka (nowi lub liczni partnerzy seksualni, wcześniejsze STI)
    • Wszystkich kobiet w ciąży podczas pierwszej wizyty prenatalnej
    • Mężczyzn z grup wysokiego ryzyka (MSM – mężczyźni uprawiający seks z mężczyznami)
  • Częstsze badania (co 3-6 miesięcy) zalecane są dla osób z wieloma partnerami seksualnymi lub z nowym partnerem od czasu ostatniego badania535455

Metody diagnostyczne

  • Testy amplifikacji kwasów nukleinowych (NAAT) – najbardziej czułe testy do wykrywania Chlamydia trachomatis, wykonywane z próbek:
    • Moczu (szczególnie u mężczyzn)
    • Wymazu z pochwy (preferowany u kobiet)
    • Wymazu z szyjki macicy
    • Wymazu z cewki moczowej
    • Wymazu z odbytnicy i/lub gardła (w przypadku ekspozycji w tych miejscach)
  • Hodowla komórkowa – stosowana głównie w przypadkach medyczno-prawnych (podejrzenie wykorzystania seksualnego, napaść seksualna)
  • Inne metody – testy immunoenzymatyczne (EIA), bezpośrednie testy immunofluorescencyjne (DFA), testy hybrydyzacji DNA565758

Opieka pielęgniarska nad pacjentem z Chlamydia trachomatis – kluczowe aspekty

Opieka pielęgniarska nad pacjentem z zakażeniem Chlamydia trachomatis koncentruje się na kilku kluczowych aspektach:

  • Edukacja pacjenta – zwiększanie świadomości na temat zakażenia, jego transmisji, leczenia i profilaktyki
  • Wsparcie w leczeniu – podawanie antybiotyków zgodnie z zaleceniami i monitorowanie przestrzegania zaleceń terapeutycznych
  • Zarządzanie partnerami – zachęcanie do powiadomienia partnerów seksualnych i ich leczenia
  • Profilaktyka – promowanie bezpieczniejszych praktyk seksualnych i regularnych badań przesiewowych
  • Wsparcie emocjonalne – pomoc w radzeniu sobie z psychologicznym wpływem diagnozy
  • Monitorowanie – ocena skuteczności leczenia i zapobieganie ponownemu zakażeniu
  • Współpraca interdyscyplinarna – koordynacja opieki z innymi członkami zespołu medycznego596061

Skuteczna opieka pielęgniarska nad pacjentem z chlamydią wymaga kompleksowego podejścia, które łączy leczenie zakażenia z edukacją i wsparciem, mając na celu nie tylko wyleczenie obecnego zakażenia, ale także zapobieganie przyszłym zakażeniom i powikłaniom.

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  1. 10.04.2026
  2. www.leksykon.com.pl

Materiały źródłowe

  • #1 Chlamydia trachomatis
    https://www.hse.ie/eng/services/list/2/gp/antibiotic-prescribing/conditions-and-treatments/genital/chlamydia-trachomatis/
    Chlamydia is commonly asymptomatic in both males and females. Symptoms in males include dysuria and a urethral discharge. Symptoms in women include vaginal discharge, intermenstrual bleeding and post coital bleeding. […] Infection can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in females. PID is associated with an increased risk of tubal factor infertility, ectopic pregnancy and chronic pelvic pain. […] Diagnosis using NAAT (nucleic acid amplification technique), e.g. PCR (polymerase chain reaction), is the current diagnostic gold standard. […] Test of cure is not routinely required but is recommended in rectal infection, pregnancy and in women with an intrauterine device. […] Individuals diagnosed with chlamydia should be offered testing for other STIs including HIV, hepatitis B, syphilis and gonorrhoea.
  • #2 Chlamydia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537286/
    Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the greatest number of sexually transmitted infections and the majority of infection-related blindness worldwide. […] This activity reviews the evaluation and management of Chlamydia trachomatis infections and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in the care of affected patients. […] Explain the importance of enhancing care coordination amongst the interprofessional team to improve outcomes for patients with chlamydia trachomatis infections. […] The goal of treatment is the prevention of complications associated with infection (e.g., PID, infertility), to decrease the risk of transmission, and the resolution of symptoms. […] Patients should have partners identified and tested. […] The healthcare team, including clinicians, nurses, and pharmacists, must work together to educate the patient on methods to avoid exposure and the importance of completing treatment. This approach will result in decreased incidence and improve outcomes.
  • #3 Chlamydia and LGV guide: Key information and resources – Canada.ca
    https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/infectious-diseases/sexual-health-sexually-transmitted-infections/canadian-guidelines/chlamydia-lgv.html
    C. trachomatis is the most common reportable sexually transmitted infection in Canada. If not treated, C. trachomatis can spread from a local site of inoculation and lead to serious complications and/or sequelae, such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), ectopic pregnancy, infertility, chronic pelvic pain, epididymo-orchitis and reactive arthritis. […] Universal annual screening is recommended in all sexually active adults and adolescents under the age of 30 years. For persons with multiple sexual partners or a new partner since last tested, offer screening every three to six months. […] Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT) are the most sensitive tests for detecting C. trachomatis. […] Anogenital and conjunctival chlamydia in non-pregnant and non-lactating adults: Doxycycline 100 mg PO BID for 7 days or azithromycin 1 g PO in a single dose.
  • #4
    https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/chlamydia
    Chlamydia is a preventable and curable sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis, which is primarily transmitted through vaginal, oral and anal sex. […] Chlamydia infection is often asymptomatic; however, when symptoms do occur, they may include unusual urethral and vaginal discharge. […] If left untreated, chlamydia infection can lead to serious health problems including pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility in women. Chlamydial infection also increases the risk of HIV infection and has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. […] Chlamydia is easily treated and cured with antibiotics. […] Chlamydia is unlikely to lead to any long-term problems if treated early. However, without treatment, chlamydia can cause serious problems and may facilitate the transmission and acquisition of HIV and other STIs.
  • #5 Chlamydia Trachomatis | British Society for Immunology
    https://www.immunology.org/public-information/bitesized-immunology/pathogens-disease/chlamydia-trachomatis
    Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) infection is the commonest bacterial sexually transmitted infection worldwide (Howie et al., 2011a, 2011b). […] 70% of women and 50% of men who have Ct infection have no symptoms (Manavi, 2006); therefore if they do not get tested and treated, they can continue spreading the disease to their partners. […] In men, untreated sexual transmitted Ct can cause complications such as urethritis (Stamm and Cole, 1986) and chronic prostatitis (Skerk, 2003). […] However, in women infection can have devastating and long-term effects on reproductive health. Ct has been associated with urethritis, pelvic inflammatory disease, scarring in the pelvis (such as adhesions), and fertility complications including ectopic pregnancy, infertility, miscarriage and premature rupture of membranes (Paavonen and Lehtinen, 1996; Falk et al., 2005; Wilkowska-Trojniel et al., 2009; Baud et al., 2011; Shaw et al., 2011).
  • #6 Microbe Monday: Chlamydia trachomatis – Division of Infectious Diseases | Division of Infectious Diseases | University of Nebraska Medical Center
    https://blog.unmc.edu/infectious-disease/2023/04/24/microbe-monday-chlamydia-trachomatis/
    Chlamydia trachomatis causes the most common bacterial sexually transmitted disease in both developed and developing nations, and rates of C. trachomatis infections have been steadily rising since the CDC began data collection in 1984. […] While there are readily available and effective antibiotic treatments for chlamydial infections, the challenges we face in health care involve the asymptomatic nature of most infections, as well as the pathologic consequences of repeat and/or chronic infections. […] Indeed, for genital infections, 70-80% of infections in women and 40-50% in men are asymptomatic, which means these infections regularly go unnoticed and untreated. […] Both untreated and repeat infections increase the risk of developing more serious chronic sequelae. […] Current treatment regimens for chlamydial infections include the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics like doxycycline and/or azithromycin, which can lead to the development of bacterial vaginosis (BV).
  • #7 Chlamydia: Nursing Diagnosis & Interventions | Nurse.com
    https://www.nurse.com/clinical-guides/chlamydia/?srsltid=AfmBOoo5pHeMlwEuK6-p1G1NpSlRCvsYU4tFvg5kA_iPSzTKZoZV2CiB
    Chlamydia Nursing Care Plan […] Use the nursing process to develop a plan of care for individuals. The nursing assessment (with common findings listed), diagnosis, interventions, expected outcomes, and education for individuals with chlamydia are listed below. […] Assessment […] Take a history and note the following: […] Fever […] Mucopurulent discharge from eye(s) or red conjunctivae […] Lower abdominal or pelvic pain […] Pain with urination […] Urinary frequency […] Intermenstrual or postcoital bleeding […] Red genitals […] Genital irritation or discomfort […] Unilateral pain and swelling of the scrotum […] Yellow mucopurulent discharge from urethra […] Sexual history […] Perform a physical examination and note the following: […] Adnexal tenderness […] Bilateral purulent conjunctivitis (neonates)
  • #8 Chlamydia Trachomatis (Urine) | Saint Luke’s Health System
    https://www.saintlukeskc.org/health-library/chlamydia-trachomatis-urine
    You may need this test if any of these apply to you: […] You are a woman age 25 or younger and sexually active. […] You are a woman older than age 25 with risk factors, such as new or multiple sexual partners. […] You are a man whose partner has been diagnosed with chlamydia. […] You are a woman or man who is sexually active and has any of the symptoms listed below. […] When symptoms happen in women, they can include: […] Abnormal vaginal bleeding or discharge. […] Stomach pain. […] Pain during sex. […] Pain when urinating. […] Rectal pain. […] When symptoms happen in men, they can include: […] A watery discharge from the penis that’s not urine. It is typically white or gray, or sometimes clear. […] Pain when urinating. […] A swollen scrotum. […] A painful sensation in the testicles.
  • #9 Chlamydia Trachomatis (Urine) | Saint Luke’s Health System
    https://www.saintlukeskc.org/health-library/chlamydia-trachomatis-urine
    You may need this test if any of these apply to you: […] You are a woman age 25 or younger and sexually active. […] You are a woman older than age 25 with risk factors, such as new or multiple sexual partners. […] You are a man whose partner has been diagnosed with chlamydia. […] You are a woman or man who is sexually active and has any of the symptoms listed below. […] When symptoms happen in women, they can include: […] Abnormal vaginal bleeding or discharge. […] Stomach pain. […] Pain during sex. […] Pain when urinating. […] Rectal pain. […] When symptoms happen in men, they can include: […] A watery discharge from the penis that’s not urine. It is typically white or gray, or sometimes clear. […] Pain when urinating. […] A swollen scrotum. […] A painful sensation in the testicles.
  • #10 Chlamydia Trachomatis (Urine)
    https://healthlibrary.inova.org/HealthyKidsTeens/167,chlamydia_trachomatis_urine
    Chlamydia can be treated with antibiotics. […] You may need this test if any of these apply to you: You are a woman age 25 or younger and sexually active. You are a woman older than age 25 with risk factors, such as new or multiple sexual partners. You are a man whose partner has been diagnosed with chlamydia. You are a woman or man who is sexually active and has any of the symptoms listed below. […] When symptoms happen in women, they can include: Abnormal vaginal bleeding or discharge. Stomach pain. Pain during sex. Pain when urinating. Rectal pain. […] When symptoms happen in men, they can include: A watery discharge from the penis that’s not urine. It is typically white or gray, or sometimes clear. Pain when urinating. A swollen scrotum. A painful sensation in the testicles. Rectal pain.
  • #11 Chlamydia: Nursing Diagnosis & Interventions | Nurse.com
    https://www.nurse.com/clinical-guides/chlamydia/?srsltid=AfmBOoo5pHeMlwEuK6-p1G1NpSlRCvsYU4tFvg5kA_iPSzTKZoZV2CiB
    Chlamydia Nursing Care Plan […] Use the nursing process to develop a plan of care for individuals. The nursing assessment (with common findings listed), diagnosis, interventions, expected outcomes, and education for individuals with chlamydia are listed below. […] Assessment […] Take a history and note the following: […] Fever […] Mucopurulent discharge from eye(s) or red conjunctivae […] Lower abdominal or pelvic pain […] Pain with urination […] Urinary frequency […] Intermenstrual or postcoital bleeding […] Red genitals […] Genital irritation or discomfort […] Unilateral pain and swelling of the scrotum […] Yellow mucopurulent discharge from urethra […] Sexual history […] Perform a physical examination and note the following: […] Adnexal tenderness […] Bilateral purulent conjunctivitis (neonates)
  • #12 Chlamydia: Nursing Diagnosis & Interventions | Nurse.com
    https://www.nurse.com/clinical-guides/chlamydia/?srsltid=AfmBOoo5pHeMlwEuK6-p1G1NpSlRCvsYU4tFvg5kA_iPSzTKZoZV2CiB
    Chlamydia Nursing Care Plan […] Use the nursing process to develop a plan of care for individuals. The nursing assessment (with common findings listed), diagnosis, interventions, expected outcomes, and education for individuals with chlamydia are listed below. […] Assessment […] Take a history and note the following: […] Fever […] Mucopurulent discharge from eye(s) or red conjunctivae […] Lower abdominal or pelvic pain […] Pain with urination […] Urinary frequency […] Intermenstrual or postcoital bleeding […] Red genitals […] Genital irritation or discomfort […] Unilateral pain and swelling of the scrotum […] Yellow mucopurulent discharge from urethra […] Sexual history […] Perform a physical examination and note the following: […] Adnexal tenderness […] Bilateral purulent conjunctivitis (neonates)
  • #13 Chlamydia: Nursing Diagnosis & Interventions | Nurse.com
    https://www.nurse.com/clinical-guides/chlamydia/?srsltid=AfmBOoo5pHeMlwEuK6-p1G1NpSlRCvsYU4tFvg5kA_iPSzTKZoZV2CiB
    Cervical motion tenderness […] Dyspareunia […] Dysuria […] Genital erythema […] Groove sign (separation of inguinal and femoral lymph nodes by the inguinal ligament) […] Localized inguinal adenopathy and ulceration […] Lower abdominal or pelvic tenderness […] Lymphogranuloma venereum […] Mucopurulent cervicitis or cervical erosion […] Mucopurulent rectal discharge […] Polyuria […] Pruritus […] Scrotal pain […] Unilateral epididymal tenderness and swelling […] Upper right quadrant abdominal tenderness (Fitz-Hugh and Curtis syndrome) […] Urethritis […] Chlamydia Nursing Diagnosis/Risk For […] Ineffective coping […] Infection […] Pain […] Sexual dysfunction […] Interventions […] Administer antibiotics and pain medication as ordered. […] Advise individuals of need to practice safe sex and to identify former partners that need testing.
  • #14 Chlamydia: Nursing Diagnosis & Interventions | Nurse.com
    https://www.nurse.com/clinical-guides/chlamydia/?srsltid=AfmBOoo5pHeMlwEuK6-p1G1NpSlRCvsYU4tFvg5kA_iPSzTKZoZV2CiB
    Cervical motion tenderness […] Dyspareunia […] Dysuria […] Genital erythema […] Groove sign (separation of inguinal and femoral lymph nodes by the inguinal ligament) […] Localized inguinal adenopathy and ulceration […] Lower abdominal or pelvic tenderness […] Lymphogranuloma venereum […] Mucopurulent cervicitis or cervical erosion […] Mucopurulent rectal discharge […] Polyuria […] Pruritus […] Scrotal pain […] Unilateral epididymal tenderness and swelling […] Upper right quadrant abdominal tenderness (Fitz-Hugh and Curtis syndrome) […] Urethritis […] Chlamydia Nursing Diagnosis/Risk For […] Ineffective coping […] Infection […] Pain […] Sexual dysfunction […] Interventions […] Administer antibiotics and pain medication as ordered. […] Advise individuals of need to practice safe sex and to identify former partners that need testing.
  • #15 Nursing Care Plan for Chlamydia (STI) | Free NURSING.com Courses
    https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-chlamydia-sti
    Upon completion of this nursing care plan for Chlamydia, nursing students will be able to: […] The goal is to enhance nursing care for patients with Chlamydia, emphasizing infection control, comprehensive patient education, and emotional support. […] Desired Outcomes for Chlamydia: Complete eradication of the infection. […] Patient understanding of the condition, its treatment, and prevention strategies. […] Assess the patients understanding of transmission, treatment, and prevention. […] Nursing Diagnosis for Chlamydia: Risk for Infection related to sexually transmitted Chlamydia trachomatis. […] Knowledge Deficit related to the prevention, transmission, and treatment of Chlamydia. […] Nursing Interventions and Rationales for Chlamydia: Administering Treatment: Ensure the administration of prescribed antibiotics.
  • #16 Chlamydia (Nursing) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK568744/
    Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted infectious disease caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. […] List the nursing care management of a patient with chlamydia. […] The goal of treatment is the prevention of complications associated with infection (e.g., PID, perihepatitis), to decrease the risk of transmission, and the resolution of symptoms. […] Educate the patient about chlamydia infections. […] Encourage patient to practice safe sex. […] Encourage the use of condoms. […] Encourage patient to remain compliant with medications. […] Check labs for culture results. […] Administer antibiotics as ordered. […] Check labs to ensure female is not pregnant as doxycycline cannot be given in pregnancy. […] Encourage the patient to notify the partner to come in for a screening test.
  • #17 Nursing Care Plan for Chlamydia (STI) | Free NURSING.com Courses
    https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-chlamydia-sti
    Upon completion of this nursing care plan for Chlamydia, nursing students will be able to: […] The goal is to enhance nursing care for patients with Chlamydia, emphasizing infection control, comprehensive patient education, and emotional support. […] Desired Outcomes for Chlamydia: Complete eradication of the infection. […] Patient understanding of the condition, its treatment, and prevention strategies. […] Assess the patients understanding of transmission, treatment, and prevention. […] Nursing Diagnosis for Chlamydia: Risk for Infection related to sexually transmitted Chlamydia trachomatis. […] Knowledge Deficit related to the prevention, transmission, and treatment of Chlamydia. […] Nursing Interventions and Rationales for Chlamydia: Administering Treatment: Ensure the administration of prescribed antibiotics.
  • #18 Chlamydia: Nursing Diagnosis & Interventions | Nurse.com
    https://www.nurse.com/clinical-guides/chlamydia/?srsltid=AfmBOoo5pHeMlwEuK6-p1G1NpSlRCvsYU4tFvg5kA_iPSzTKZoZV2CiB
    Expected Outcomes […] Pain relief […] Remain free of infection […] Sexual changes related to diagnosis […] Individual/Caregiver Education […] Confirm individual understands diagnosis and treatment plan […] Ensure individual can identify signs and symptoms of infection, including: […] Discharge […] Fever […] Pain […] Tenderness […] Emphasize importance of finishing all antibiotics and knowing potential side effects […] Confirm individual understands the possible long-term risks and complications of chlamydia, including the possibility of infertility […] Emphasize importance of washing hands frequently […] Ensure individual understands need to practice safe sex through: […] Limiting sexual partners […] Having new partners tested before intercourse […] Using proper STD protection through the barrier method
  • #19 Chlamydia: Nursing Diagnosis & Interventions | Nurse.com
    https://www.nurse.com/clinical-guides/chlamydia/?srsltid=AfmBOoo5pHeMlwEuK6-p1G1NpSlRCvsYU4tFvg5kA_iPSzTKZoZV2CiB
    Cervical motion tenderness […] Dyspareunia […] Dysuria […] Genital erythema […] Groove sign (separation of inguinal and femoral lymph nodes by the inguinal ligament) […] Localized inguinal adenopathy and ulceration […] Lower abdominal or pelvic tenderness […] Lymphogranuloma venereum […] Mucopurulent cervicitis or cervical erosion […] Mucopurulent rectal discharge […] Polyuria […] Pruritus […] Scrotal pain […] Unilateral epididymal tenderness and swelling […] Upper right quadrant abdominal tenderness (Fitz-Hugh and Curtis syndrome) […] Urethritis […] Chlamydia Nursing Diagnosis/Risk For […] Ineffective coping […] Infection […] Pain […] Sexual dysfunction […] Interventions […] Administer antibiotics and pain medication as ordered. […] Advise individuals of need to practice safe sex and to identify former partners that need testing.
  • #20 Chlamydia (Nursing) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK568744/
    Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted infectious disease caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. […] List the nursing care management of a patient with chlamydia. […] The goal of treatment is the prevention of complications associated with infection (e.g., PID, perihepatitis), to decrease the risk of transmission, and the resolution of symptoms. […] Educate the patient about chlamydia infections. […] Encourage patient to practice safe sex. […] Encourage the use of condoms. […] Encourage patient to remain compliant with medications. […] Check labs for culture results. […] Administer antibiotics as ordered. […] Check labs to ensure female is not pregnant as doxycycline cannot be given in pregnancy. […] Encourage the patient to notify the partner to come in for a screening test.
  • #21 Chlamydia: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4023-chlamydia
    Part of your treatment should also include avoiding sexual activities that could cause you to get re-infected and ensuring that any sexual partners who may be infected also get treatment. […] You should never wait for chlamydia to go away on its own. Left untreated, chlamydia can cause serious harm to your health. […] The most common antibiotics used to treat chlamydia infections are: Doxycycline. Usually taken over seven days, is preferred. Azithromycin. Usually taken as a single dose, is recommended as the first choice in pregnancy. […] Yes. Chlamydia can be treated and cured. Some sexually transmitted bacterial infections are starting to become resistant to antibiotics, though, and this makes them harder to treat. […] Make an appointment with your provider immediately if you notice any symptoms of chlamydia, and get regular STI screenings to avoid complications later. […] Speak with your healthcare provider about your risks of infection. Make a plan to get screened regularly for STIs based on your providers recommendations for how often you should be tested.
  • #22 Chlamydial and Gonococcal Infections: Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment | AAFP
    https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2022/0400/p388.html
    Infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae are increasing in the United States. Because most infections are asymptomatic, screening is key to preventing complications such as pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility and decreasing community and vertical neonatal transmission. All sexually active people with a cervix who are younger than 25 years and older people with a cervix who have risk factors should be screened annually for chlamydial and gonococcal infections. […] Preferred chlamydia treatment is a seven-day course of doxycycline, 100 mg taken by mouth twice per day. All nonpregnant people should be tested for reinfection approximately three months after treatment or at the first visit in the 12 months after treatment. Pregnant patients diagnosed with chlamydia or gonorrhea should have a test of cure four weeks after treatment.
  • #23 Chlamydia: Nursing Diagnosis & Interventions | Nurse.com
    https://www.nurse.com/clinical-guides/chlamydia/?srsltid=AfmBOoo5pHeMlwEuK6-p1G1NpSlRCvsYU4tFvg5kA_iPSzTKZoZV2CiB
    Expected Outcomes […] Pain relief […] Remain free of infection […] Sexual changes related to diagnosis […] Individual/Caregiver Education […] Confirm individual understands diagnosis and treatment plan […] Ensure individual can identify signs and symptoms of infection, including: […] Discharge […] Fever […] Pain […] Tenderness […] Emphasize importance of finishing all antibiotics and knowing potential side effects […] Confirm individual understands the possible long-term risks and complications of chlamydia, including the possibility of infertility […] Emphasize importance of washing hands frequently […] Ensure individual understands need to practice safe sex through: […] Limiting sexual partners […] Having new partners tested before intercourse […] Using proper STD protection through the barrier method
  • #24 Chlamydia (Nursing) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK568744/
    Encourage patient to follow up in the STD clinic. […] The healthcare team including clinicians, nurses, and pharmacists must work together to educate the patient on methods to avoid exposure and the importance of completing treatment. […] Patients should be educated regarding the potentially serious consequences of chlamydia infections and the importance of screening.
  • #25 Chlamydia (Nursing) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK568744/
    Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted infectious disease caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. […] List the nursing care management of a patient with chlamydia. […] The goal of treatment is the prevention of complications associated with infection (e.g., PID, perihepatitis), to decrease the risk of transmission, and the resolution of symptoms. […] Educate the patient about chlamydia infections. […] Encourage patient to practice safe sex. […] Encourage the use of condoms. […] Encourage patient to remain compliant with medications. […] Check labs for culture results. […] Administer antibiotics as ordered. […] Check labs to ensure female is not pregnant as doxycycline cannot be given in pregnancy. […] Encourage the patient to notify the partner to come in for a screening test.
  • #26 Chlamydia trachomatis – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chlamydia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355355
    The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends chlamydia testing for anyone with chlamydia symptoms. Regardless of symptoms, talk to your healthcare team to find out how often you should be screened for chlamydia. […] Chlamydia trachomatis is treated with antibiotics. You will likely need to take a medicine for seven days, or you may be given a one-time dose of a medicine. […] Your sexual partner or partners from the last 60 days also need screening and treatment even if they don’t have symptoms. Otherwise, the infection can be passed back and forth between sexual partners. Make sure to avoid sexual contact until all exposed partners are treated. […] Three months after treatment, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends getting tested for chlamydia again. This is to make sure people haven’t been reinfected with the bacteria, which can happen if sex partners aren’t treated, or new sex partners have the bacteria.
  • #27 Chlamydia – Nursing Diagnosis & Interventions
    https://www.picmonic.com/pathways/nursing/courses/standard/medical-surgical-nursing-pathophysiology-296/sexually-transmitted-infections-1453/chlamydia_2174
    To avoid future complications such as infertility, patients infected with chlamydia should seek treatment immediately. The antibiotic azithromycin may be prescribed to treat the infection and prevent further complications. […] Patients infected with chlamydia should abstain from sexual intercourse for at least 1 week after treatment. In addition, they should not engage in sex until all sexual partners complete a full course of STI treatment. […] For the purpose of surveillance, most states require cases of chlamydia to be reported to local or state public health departments. Since the patient’s sexual partners may have contracted the infection, notifying them is critical in order to initiate treatment and prevent complications. The failure of treating sexual partners of infected people contributes to the high recurrence of chlamydia infection.
  • #28 Nursing Care Plan for Chlamydia (STI) | Free NURSING.com Courses
    https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-chlamydia-sti
    Education on Safe Sexual Practices: Counsel on condom use and safe sex practices. […] Emotional Support: Provide counseling and support, addressing fears related to fertility and relationships. […] Evaluation for Chlamydia: Confirm the resolution of symptoms and adherence to the treatment regimen. […] Assess the patients understanding and practice of preventive measures.
  • #29 Chlamydia – treatment, symptoms and statistics | healthdirect
    https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/chlamydia
    If you have chlamydia, you should tell all your sexual partners. That way they can also get tested and treated if needed. This helps to stop spreading the infection. […] Finding out you have chlamydia can be distressing. You might feel alone, embarrassed, anxious and afraid of rejection or not being sexually desirable. […] Chlamydia is a very common STI. It can be easily treated and you can fully recover.
  • #30 Chlamydia: Nursing Diagnosis & Interventions | Nurse.com
    https://www.nurse.com/clinical-guides/chlamydia/?srsltid=AfmBOoo5pHeMlwEuK6-p1G1NpSlRCvsYU4tFvg5kA_iPSzTKZoZV2CiB
    Provide an opportunity to discuss how to relieve the pain through relaxation techniques such as: […] Visualization […] Guidance […] Imagination […] Deep breathing exercises. […] Yoga […] Provide discharge instructions, including: […] Referring all sexual contacts for testing and treatment […] Avoiding sexual activity until treatment is completed for individual and partner […] Following up with private physician for treatment and test of cure […] Returning for treatment if symptoms persist for more than one week despite treatment, or if unusual vaginal bleeding or swelling or unexplained symptoms occur
  • #31 Chlamydia and LGV guide: Treatment and follow-up – Canada.ca
    https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/infectious-diseases/sexual-health-sexually-transmitted-infections/canadian-guidelines/chlamydia-lgv/treatment-follow-up.html
    TOC for chlamydia is recommended when: Symptoms or signs persist post-therapy […] Follow people with LGV until C. trachomatis TOC is negative and symptoms have resolved. […] Repeat screening is recommended three months post-treatment for all people with C. trachomatis infection because the risk of reinfection is high. […] Case finding and partner notification are critical to the prevention and control of C. trachomatis. Notify, clinically assess, test and empirically treat partners who have had sexual contact with the index case within 60 days prior to date of specimen collection (if index case is asymptomatic) or prior to symptom onset.
  • #32 Chlamydia trachomatis – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chlamydia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355355
    The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends chlamydia testing for anyone with chlamydia symptoms. Regardless of symptoms, talk to your healthcare team to find out how often you should be screened for chlamydia. […] Chlamydia trachomatis is treated with antibiotics. You will likely need to take a medicine for seven days, or you may be given a one-time dose of a medicine. […] Your sexual partner or partners from the last 60 days also need screening and treatment even if they don’t have symptoms. Otherwise, the infection can be passed back and forth between sexual partners. Make sure to avoid sexual contact until all exposed partners are treated. […] Three months after treatment, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends getting tested for chlamydia again. This is to make sure people haven’t been reinfected with the bacteria, which can happen if sex partners aren’t treated, or new sex partners have the bacteria.
  • #33 Chlamydia trachomatis
    https://www.hse.ie/eng/services/list/2/gp/antibiotic-prescribing/conditions-and-treatments/genital/chlamydia-trachomatis/
    Advise no sexual contact until after completion of treatment or, where indicated, after negative test of cure no sooner than 3 weeks after treatment. […] Seek specialist (GUM Clinician / Infectious Diseases / Obstetrics / Microbiology) advice in cases of chlamydia in pregnant or breastfeeding patients. […] Azithromycin therapy should only be considered if doxycycline is contraindicated. Doxycycline is effective in treatment of C. trachomatis infections of urogenital, rectal, and oropharyngeal sites, whereas azithromycin is less efficacious than doxycycline in the treatment of pharyngeal and rectal chlamydia. […] Patients should be referred to a sexual health service. Routine test of cure is no longer indicated if there has been full compliance with treatment and if symptoms have resolved.
  • #34 Chlamydia: Nursing Diagnosis & Interventions | Nurse.com
    https://www.nurse.com/clinical-guides/chlamydia/?srsltid=AfmBOoo5pHeMlwEuK6-p1G1NpSlRCvsYU4tFvg5kA_iPSzTKZoZV2CiB
    Provide an opportunity to discuss how to relieve the pain through relaxation techniques such as: […] Visualization […] Guidance […] Imagination […] Deep breathing exercises. […] Yoga […] Provide discharge instructions, including: […] Referring all sexual contacts for testing and treatment […] Avoiding sexual activity until treatment is completed for individual and partner […] Following up with private physician for treatment and test of cure […] Returning for treatment if symptoms persist for more than one week despite treatment, or if unusual vaginal bleeding or swelling or unexplained symptoms occur
  • #35 Chlamydia Infections | Chlamydia | Chlamydia Symptoms | MedlinePlus
    https://medlineplus.gov/chlamydiainfections.html
    To prevent spreading the disease to your partner, you should not have sex until the infection has cleared up. If you got a one-time dose of antibiotics, you should wait 7 days after taking the medicine to have sex again. If you have to take medicine every day for 7 days, you should not have sex again until you have finished taking all of the doses of your medicine. […] It is common to get a repeat infection, so you need to get tested again about three months after treatment.
  • #36 Chlamydia trachomatis – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chlamydia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355349
    See your healthcare professional if you have a discharge from your vagina, penis or rectum, or if you have pain during urination. Also, see your healthcare team if you learn your sexual partner has chlamydia. Your healthcare professional will likely prescribe an antibiotic even if you have no symptoms. […] A medicine called doxycycline may be an option to prevent infection among people at higher risk than average of getting chlamydia. Higher risk groups include men who have sex with men and transgender women. […] Taking doxycycline within 3 days of sexual activity lowers the risk of an infection with the bacteria that cause chlamydia. Your healthcare professional can prescribe doxycycline and any testing you need while taking the medicine.
  • #37
    https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/chlamydia
    Correct and consistent use of condoms during sex is the most effective way to prevent chlamydia. […] Chlamydia can cause serious problems if left untreated, particularly among women. Women may develop pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), can experience abdominal and pelvic pain, and in later stages develop infertility and ectopic pregnancy (a pregnancy that occurs outside the womb). […] Men may develop a painful infection in their testicles (epididymitis, epididymo-orchitis). In rare cases, this can lead to infertility. […] Chlamydia is treatable and curable. […] Uncomplicated chlamydia is treated with antibiotic tablets including doxycycline or azithromycin. […] People should wait 7 days after taking the medicine before having sex or, if not possible, use condoms correctly. They should notify their sexual partner(s) to get tested and treated, if necessary. […] Consistent and correct use of condoms when having vaginal and anal sex is the only way to prevent chlamydial infection. […] If you are pregnant, getting tested for chlamydia and receiving prompt treatment if you test positive can prevent transmission to the baby.
  • #38 Chlamydia | Washington State Department of Health
    https://doh.wa.gov/public-health-provider-resources/notifiable-conditions/chlamydia
    Cause: Bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. […] Illness and treatment: Asymptomatic infection is common. There may be pain during urination or abnormal genital discharge. Females can have abdominal pain due to pelvic inflammatory disease, which can cause infertility or ectopic pregnancy. The patient and sexual partners should take appropriate antibiotics. Treated patients should be retested in 3 to 4 months. […] Prevention: Use safe sexual practices to reduce transmission. Screen sexually active women at risk to detect infection in asymptomatic patients. If Chlamydia is found, also screen or treat for gonorrhea. […] To assure the adequate treatment of infected individuals in order to reduce the duration of infectiousness and prevent sequelae of infection. (e.g., PID, ectopic pregnancy, infertility) […] To identify cases in a timely fashion in order to interrupt the chain of infection through patient-level interventions such as management of sexual contacts and behavioral risk reduction counseling.
  • #39 About Chlamydia | Chlamydia | CDC
    https://www.cdc.gov/chlamydia/about/index.html
    The initial damage that chlamydia causes often goes unnoticed. However, chlamydia can lead to serious health problems. […] In women, untreated chlamydia can cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Some of the complications of PID are: Formation of scar tissue that blocks fallopian tubes, Ectopic pregnancy (pregnancy outside the womb), Infertility (not being able to get pregnant), Long-term pelvic/abdominal pain.
  • #40 Chlamydia: Symptoms, Treatments, Causes, and More
    https://www.healthline.com/health/std/chlamydia
    However, people may experience serious medical issues if they wait too long to treat it. […] Some women develop PID, an infection that can damage the uterus, cervix, and ovaries. PID is a painful disease that often requires hospital treatment. […] Infertility is also possible if chlamydia is left untreated because the fallopian tubes may become scarred. […] Men can also experience complications when chlamydia is left untreated. The epididymis the tube that holds the testicles in place may become inflamed, causing pain. This is known as epididymitis. […] These are just some of the most common complications of untreated chlamydia, which is why its important to get medical attention right away. Most people who get treatment quickly have no long-term medical problems.
  • #41
    https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/chlamydia
    Correct and consistent use of condoms during sex is the most effective way to prevent chlamydia. […] Chlamydia can cause serious problems if left untreated, particularly among women. Women may develop pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), can experience abdominal and pelvic pain, and in later stages develop infertility and ectopic pregnancy (a pregnancy that occurs outside the womb). […] Men may develop a painful infection in their testicles (epididymitis, epididymo-orchitis). In rare cases, this can lead to infertility. […] Chlamydia is treatable and curable. […] Uncomplicated chlamydia is treated with antibiotic tablets including doxycycline or azithromycin. […] People should wait 7 days after taking the medicine before having sex or, if not possible, use condoms correctly. They should notify their sexual partner(s) to get tested and treated, if necessary. […] Consistent and correct use of condoms when having vaginal and anal sex is the only way to prevent chlamydial infection. […] If you are pregnant, getting tested for chlamydia and receiving prompt treatment if you test positive can prevent transmission to the baby.
  • #42 Chlamydia: A Common and Curable Infection
    https://www.ashasexualhealth.org/chlamydia-101/
    Women should be retested three to four months after treatment because of a high rate of reinfection. […] If chlamydia isn’t diagnosed and left untreated, it can cause serious complications. […] Untreated chlamydia infections in women may lead to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), a serious infection of the reproductive organs. […] Untreated chlamydia in men may lead to prostatitis (inflammation of the prostate gland).
  • #43
    https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/chlamydia
    Chlamydia is a preventable and curable sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis, which is primarily transmitted through vaginal, oral and anal sex. […] Chlamydia infection is often asymptomatic; however, when symptoms do occur, they may include unusual urethral and vaginal discharge. […] If left untreated, chlamydia infection can lead to serious health problems including pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility in women. Chlamydial infection also increases the risk of HIV infection and has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. […] Chlamydia is easily treated and cured with antibiotics. […] Chlamydia is unlikely to lead to any long-term problems if treated early. However, without treatment, chlamydia can cause serious problems and may facilitate the transmission and acquisition of HIV and other STIs.
  • #44 Chlamydia | STI Guidelines Australia
    https://sti.guidelines.org.au/sexually-transmissible-infections/chlamydia/
    Chlamydia is the most reported communicable disease in Australia. […] Those < 30 years are at greatest risk. [...] Frequently asymptomatic. [...] Simple to test and treat. [...] Immunity to new infection is not provided by previous infection. [...] Chlamydia trachomatis. [...] 85%-90% have no symptoms. [...] Dysuria. [...] Penile urethral discharge. [...] Vaginal discharge. [...] Testicular pain. [...] Pelvic Pain. [...] Intermenstrual bleeding. [...] Postcoital bleeding. [...] Pain with sex - dyspareunia. [...] Anorectal symptoms. [...] Epididymo-orchitis. [...] Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). [...] Infertility. [...] Pregnancy - Ectopic pregnancy, Premature rupture of the membranes, preterm delivery, and low-birthweight infants. [...] Reactive arthritis: arthritis, sometimes with concurrent rash and gastrointestinal symptoms.
  • #45 Chlamydia – Clinical Features – Management – TeachMeObGyn
    https://teachmeobgyn.com/sexual-health/sexually-transmitted-infections/chlamydia/
    Chlamydia may increase the risk of premature delivery with low birth weight and it is thought the infection might increase the chance of miscarriage or stillbirth. […] Chlamydia in pregnancy is treated with antibiotics, however doxycycline and ofloxacin are contraindicated so azithromycin and erythromycin are the drugs of choice. […] If a baby contracts chlamydia they may present with inflammation and discharge in their eyes, indicative of neonatal chlamydial conjunctivitis (5-12 days after birth) and it is also possible for them to develop pneumonia (1-3 months after birth).
  • #46 Chlamydial and Gonococcal Infections: Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment | AAFP
    https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2022/0400/p388.html
    Gonococcal and chlamydial infections in pregnancy are associated with increased risks, including preterm birth, premature rupture of membranes, stillbirth, low-birth-weight infants, and neonatal infection. […] Neonates are at high risk of contracting an infection if chlamydia is untreated in pregnancy.
  • #47 Chlamydia Trachomatis | Children’s Mercy Kansas City
    https://www.childrensmercy.org/health-care-providers/evidence-based-practice/cpgs-cpms-and-eras-pathways/conjunctivitis-care-process-model/treatment-recommendations/chlamydia-trachomatis/
    Among infants bom to untreated mothers with Chlamydia trachomatis infections, the overall risk of disease is estimated at 50 to 75% and typically involves the mucous membranes of the eye, oropharynx, urogenital tract, and rectum. […] Conjunctivitis, which typically develops between 5 and 12 days after birth, is the most frequently recognized manifestation of C. trachomatis infection, and among neonates with exposure to chlamydia, it occurs in an estimated at 30 to 50%. […] While most cases of chlamydial conjunctivitis self-resolve without complications, there is a risk of superficial corneal vascularization and conjunctival scarring if left untreated. […] Traditionally treatment with a 14 days course of erythromycin was recommended, however treatment considerations now include a short course of oral azithromycin.
  • #48 Chlamydia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537286/
    Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the greatest number of sexually transmitted infections and the majority of infection-related blindness worldwide. […] This activity reviews the evaluation and management of Chlamydia trachomatis infections and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in the care of affected patients. […] Explain the importance of enhancing care coordination amongst the interprofessional team to improve outcomes for patients with chlamydia trachomatis infections. […] The goal of treatment is the prevention of complications associated with infection (e.g., PID, infertility), to decrease the risk of transmission, and the resolution of symptoms. […] Patients should have partners identified and tested. […] The healthcare team, including clinicians, nurses, and pharmacists, must work together to educate the patient on methods to avoid exposure and the importance of completing treatment. This approach will result in decreased incidence and improve outcomes.
  • #49 Chlamydia (Nursing) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK568744/
    Encourage patient to follow up in the STD clinic. […] The healthcare team including clinicians, nurses, and pharmacists must work together to educate the patient on methods to avoid exposure and the importance of completing treatment. […] Patients should be educated regarding the potentially serious consequences of chlamydia infections and the importance of screening.
  • #50 Expedited Partner Therapy (EPT) for infections due to Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and/or Trichomonas vaginalis Guidance for Health Professionals in Minnesota – MN Dept. of Health
    https://www.health.state.mn.us/diseases/stds/hcp/ept/eptguidance.html
    Chlamydia continues to disproportionately impact racial and ethnic groups most affected by the social determinants of health. […] EPT is considered standard of care and broadly endorsed by the interprofessional medical community in Minnesota, therefore prescriptions for EPT should be dispensed from Minnesota pharmacies when prescriptions are issued.
  • #51 Chlamydia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537286/
    Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the greatest number of sexually transmitted infections and the majority of infection-related blindness worldwide. […] This activity reviews the evaluation and management of Chlamydia trachomatis infections and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in the care of affected patients. […] Explain the importance of enhancing care coordination amongst the interprofessional team to improve outcomes for patients with chlamydia trachomatis infections. […] The goal of treatment is the prevention of complications associated with infection (e.g., PID, infertility), to decrease the risk of transmission, and the resolution of symptoms. […] Patients should have partners identified and tested. […] The healthcare team, including clinicians, nurses, and pharmacists, must work together to educate the patient on methods to avoid exposure and the importance of completing treatment. This approach will result in decreased incidence and improve outcomes.
  • #52 Chlamydia trachomatis – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chlamydia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355355
    The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends chlamydia testing for anyone with chlamydia symptoms. Regardless of symptoms, talk to your healthcare team to find out how often you should be screened for chlamydia. […] Chlamydia trachomatis is treated with antibiotics. You will likely need to take a medicine for seven days, or you may be given a one-time dose of a medicine. […] Your sexual partner or partners from the last 60 days also need screening and treatment even if they don’t have symptoms. Otherwise, the infection can be passed back and forth between sexual partners. Make sure to avoid sexual contact until all exposed partners are treated. […] Three months after treatment, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends getting tested for chlamydia again. This is to make sure people haven’t been reinfected with the bacteria, which can happen if sex partners aren’t treated, or new sex partners have the bacteria.
  • #53 Patient education: Chlamydia (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate
    https://www.uptodate.com/contents/chlamydia-beyond-the-basics
    Chlamydia (pronounced klah-MID-dee-uh) is a sexually transmitted infection that can affect both men and women. There are approximately four million cases of chlamydia in the United States every year. […] Chlamydia is curable with antibiotic treatment. […] Testing for chlamydia is usually done in a doctor or nurse’s office or clinic. […] Once-yearly testing for chlamydia is recommended for all sexually active women who are younger than 25 years old, even in the absence of symptoms. […] Chlamydia in women can lead to a serious infection called pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). […] If you have (or think you may have) chlamydia and are pregnant or want to get pregnant, it’s important to get tested and treated as soon as possible. […] For most infections in nonpregnant individuals, experts recommend taking doxycycline twice daily for seven days by mouth. […] Treatment is important for you and anyone you have had sex with recently (the last 60 days or the last person you had sex with), even if they have no symptoms or recently tested negative for chlamydia. […] The most effective way to prevent chlamydia is to avoid sexual contact.
  • #54 Chlamydia and LGV guide: Key information and resources – Canada.ca
    https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/infectious-diseases/sexual-health-sexually-transmitted-infections/canadian-guidelines/chlamydia-lgv.html
    C. trachomatis is the most common reportable sexually transmitted infection in Canada. If not treated, C. trachomatis can spread from a local site of inoculation and lead to serious complications and/or sequelae, such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), ectopic pregnancy, infertility, chronic pelvic pain, epididymo-orchitis and reactive arthritis. […] Universal annual screening is recommended in all sexually active adults and adolescents under the age of 30 years. For persons with multiple sexual partners or a new partner since last tested, offer screening every three to six months. […] Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT) are the most sensitive tests for detecting C. trachomatis. […] Anogenital and conjunctival chlamydia in non-pregnant and non-lactating adults: Doxycycline 100 mg PO BID for 7 days or azithromycin 1 g PO in a single dose.
  • #55 Chlamydia and Herpes Simplex Virus – Screening and Diagnosis – Medical Clinical Policy Bulletins | Aetna
    https://www.aetna.com/cpb/medical/data/400_499/0433.html
    This Clinical Policy Bulletin addresses chlamydia trachomatis and herpes simplex virus screening and diagnosis. […] Aetna considers the following screening and diagnostic indications as medically necessary when criteria are met: […] Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) screening as a medically necessary preventive service according to the recommendations of the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Chlamydia screening is recommended for the following groups: All pregnant women in the first trimester; and All sexually active women aged 24 years and younger; and Women 25 years and older with any of the following risk factors for C. trachomatis infection: Having had C. trachomatis or other sexually transmitted diseases in the past; or New or multiple sexual partners; or Not using condoms consistently or correctly; or Prior to undergoing uterine instrumentation for assessment and treatment of infertility;
  • #56 Chlamydia trachomatis/Neisseria gonorrhoeae (CT/NG) – Nucleic Acid Amplification Testing (NAAT) | Public Health Ontario
    https://www.publichealthontario.ca/en/Laboratory-Services/Test-Information-Index/Chlamydia-trachomatis-NAAT-Swabs
    Nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) is the recommended method for initial screening or testing for Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) infections. […] First-void urine is the specimen of choice for males. A vaginal swab is the specimen of choice for females. In women who have had a hysterectomy, collect a first void urine for NAAT or a vaginal swab for culture or NAAT. […] Rectal and/or pharyngeal testing is recommended for individuals who have had unprotected sexual exposures at these sites and are in specific at-risk groups or have risk factors, including: gay, bisexual, and men who have sex with men, including trans women; individuals engaged in sex work or have had sexual contact with someone engaging in sex work; individuals who are known contacts of those infected with CT or NG; individuals who have signs or symptoms of rectal or pharyngeal infection.
  • #57 Chlamydia and Herpes Simplex Virus – Screening and Diagnosis – Medical Clinical Policy Bulletins | Aetna
    https://www.aetna.com/cpb/medical/data/400_499/0433.html
    Diagnosis is based on the detection of the microorganism itself, its antigens, or genetic material collected from the lower genital tract, or in some instances, a urine sample. […] The sensitivity of tissue culture ranges from 65 to 80 %. More available non-culture tests, such as the direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) and the enzyme immunoassay (EIA), which detect chlamydial antigens in clinical specimens have specificities from 96 to 99 %. […] However, these tests with high specificity yield a large number of false-positives in a population with a low disease prevalence. […] New DNA amplified hybridization techniques such as transcription mediated amplification (TMA), Q-B replicase amplified hybridization, and nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA) are currently being investigated and appear to be very promising.
  • #58 Chlamydia trachomatis – Culture | Public Health Ontario
    https://www.publichealthontario.ca/en/Laboratory-Services/Test-Information-Index/Chlamydia-trachomatis-Culture
    Chlamydia trachomatis / CT culture General Test Requisition Genital, non-genital swabs (rectal, throat/ pharyngeal, conjunctival scrapings/swabs) 1.0 mL of fluid PHO CHL(C) kit / Chlamydia trachomatis culture kit order # 390083 or 390084 or a universal transport medium (UTM) for swabs or a sterile container for fluids/tissue. […] Unsuitable specimens: Urine and seminal fluid are not acceptable specimen sites for Chlamydia trachomatis culture. Dry swabs and swabs in bacteriological transport media (gel) are not acceptable collection kits for Chlamydia trachomatis culture and testing will not be performed. […] Specimens should be received at the testing laboratory within 48 hours of collection; this is especially important for neonatal and paediatric specimens. In situations of delayed transportation, specimens should be frozen at -70C and transported on dry ice. Do not freeze sample at -20C.
  • #59 Chlamydia (Nursing) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK568744/
    Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted infectious disease caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. […] List the nursing care management of a patient with chlamydia. […] The goal of treatment is the prevention of complications associated with infection (e.g., PID, perihepatitis), to decrease the risk of transmission, and the resolution of symptoms. […] Educate the patient about chlamydia infections. […] Encourage patient to practice safe sex. […] Encourage the use of condoms. […] Encourage patient to remain compliant with medications. […] Check labs for culture results. […] Administer antibiotics as ordered. […] Check labs to ensure female is not pregnant as doxycycline cannot be given in pregnancy. […] Encourage the patient to notify the partner to come in for a screening test.
  • #60 Nursing Care Plan for Chlamydia (STI) | Free NURSING.com Courses
    https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-chlamydia-sti
    Upon completion of this nursing care plan for Chlamydia, nursing students will be able to: […] The goal is to enhance nursing care for patients with Chlamydia, emphasizing infection control, comprehensive patient education, and emotional support. […] Desired Outcomes for Chlamydia: Complete eradication of the infection. […] Patient understanding of the condition, its treatment, and prevention strategies. […] Assess the patients understanding of transmission, treatment, and prevention. […] Nursing Diagnosis for Chlamydia: Risk for Infection related to sexually transmitted Chlamydia trachomatis. […] Knowledge Deficit related to the prevention, transmission, and treatment of Chlamydia. […] Nursing Interventions and Rationales for Chlamydia: Administering Treatment: Ensure the administration of prescribed antibiotics.
  • #61 Chlamydia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537286/
    Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the greatest number of sexually transmitted infections and the majority of infection-related blindness worldwide. […] This activity reviews the evaluation and management of Chlamydia trachomatis infections and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in the care of affected patients. […] Explain the importance of enhancing care coordination amongst the interprofessional team to improve outcomes for patients with chlamydia trachomatis infections. […] The goal of treatment is the prevention of complications associated with infection (e.g., PID, infertility), to decrease the risk of transmission, and the resolution of symptoms. […] Patients should have partners identified and tested. […] The healthcare team, including clinicians, nurses, and pharmacists, must work together to educate the patient on methods to avoid exposure and the importance of completing treatment. This approach will result in decreased incidence and improve outcomes.

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