Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Obstructive sleep apnea – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/obstructive-sleep-apnea/symptoms-causes/syc-20352090

  Obstructive sleep apnea occurs when the muscles that support the soft tissues in your throat, such as your tongue and soft palate, temporarily relax. When these muscles relax, your airway is narrowed or closed, and breathing is momentarily cut off. […] Obstructive sleep apnea is the most common sleep-related breathing disorder. People with obstructive sleep apnea repeatedly stop and start breathing while they sleep. […] A sign of obstructive sleep apnea is snoring. […] Symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea include: Excessive daytime sleepiness. Loud snoring. Observed episodes of stopped breathing during sleep. Waking during the night and gasping or choking. Awakening in the morning with a dry mouth or sore throat. Morning headaches. Trouble focusing during the day. Mood changes, such as depression or being easily upset. High blood pressure. Decreased interest in sex.

• #2 Sleep apnea – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sleep-apnea/symptoms-causes/syc-20377631

  The symptoms of obstructive and central sleep apneas overlap, sometimes making it difficult to determine which type you have. The most common symptoms of obstructive and central sleep apneas include: […] Loud snoring. […] Episodes in which you stop breathing during sleep which would be reported by another person. […] Gasping for air during sleep. […] Awakening with a dry mouth. […] Morning headache. […] Difficulty staying asleep, known as insomnia. […] Excessive daytime sleepiness, known as hypersomnia. […] Difficulty paying attention while awake. […] Irritability. […] Obstructive sleep apnea occurs when the muscles that support the soft tissues in your throat, such as your tongue and soft palate, temporarily relax. When these muscles relax, your airway is narrowed or closed, and breathing is momentarily cut off.

• #3 Obstructive Sleep Apnea – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459252/

  Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep disorder characterized by repeated episodes of complete (apnea) or partial (hypopnea) collapse of the upper airway, causing oxygen desaturation or sleep arousal. This disruption leads to fragmented, nonrestorative sleep. Symptoms include loud, disruptive snoring, witnessed apneas, and excessive daytime sleepiness. […] Other symptoms include loud and disruptive snoring, witnessed apneas during sleep, and excessive daytime sleepiness. […] Patients with suspected OSA usually present with excessive daytime sleepiness, loud snoring, gasping, choking, or witnessed episodes of breathing cessation during sleep. Excessive daytime sleepiness is one of the most common symptoms. […] The short-term prognosis of OSA with treatment is generally favorable, but the long-term outlook remains uncertain. The primary challenge is poor adherence to CPAP therapy, with nearly 50% of patients discontinuing its use within the first month despite education. Many individuals with OSA have comorbidities or are at an increased risk for adverse cardiac events and stroke. Consequently, individuals who do not adhere to CPAP are at a higher risk for cardiac and cerebral events, as well as increased annual healthcare-related costs. […] The disease burden in mild OSA is controversial and is primarily based on associated clinical sequelae, such as excessive daytime sleepiness, sleep maintenance insomnia, and cognitive dysfunction.

• #4 Sleep apnea – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sleep-apnea/symptoms-causes/syc-20377631

  When the muscles relax, your airway narrows or closes as you breathe in. You can’t get enough air, which can lower the oxygen level in your blood. Your brain senses that you can’t breathe, and briefly wakes you so that you can reopen your airway. This awakening is usually so brief that you don’t remember it. […] You might snort, choke or gasp. This pattern can repeat itself 5 to 30 times or more each hour, all night. This makes it hard to reach the deep, restful phases of sleep.

• #5 Sleep apnea: Symptoms and treatment – Mayo Clinic Health System

  https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/hometown-health/speaking-of-health/do-i-have-sleep-apnea

  The most common signs and symptoms of obstructive and central sleep apneas include: Loud snoring, which is usually more prominent in obstructive sleep apnea; Episodes of breathing cessation during sleep witnessed by another person; Abrupt awakenings accompanied by shortness of breath, which more likely indicates central sleep apnea; Awakening with a dry mouth or sore throat; Morning headache; Difficulty staying asleep (insomnia); Excessive daytime sleepiness (hypersomnia); Attention problems; Irritability. […] Risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea include: Excess weight; Increased Neck circumference; A narrowed airway; Being male; Being older; Family history; Use of alcohol, sedatives or tranquilizers; Smoking; Nasal congestion. […] Untreated sleep apnea can: Increase the risk of high blood pressure, heart attack, stroke, obesity and diabetes; Increase the risk of developing, or worsen heart failure; Make arrhythmias (irregular heartbeats) more likely; Increase the chance of having work-related or driving accidents; Increase the risk of complications with certain medications and surgery.

• #6 Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) – Pulmonary Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pulmonary-disorders/sleep-apnea/obstructive-sleep-apnea-osa

  Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) consists of multiple episodes of partial or complete closure of the upper airway that occur during sleep and lead to breathing cessation (defined as a period of apnea or hypopnea 10 seconds) followed by arousals and hyperpnea. Symptoms can include excessive daytime sleepiness, restlessness, snoring, recurrent awakening, and morning headache. […] Some degree of OSA with symptoms is present in 8 to 16% of adults. […] Although loud disruptive snoring is reported by 85% of patients with obstructive sleep apnea, most people who snore do not have OSA. Other symptoms of OSA may include choking, gasping, or snorting during sleep, restless and unrefreshing sleep, and difficulty staying asleep. […] During daily activities, patients may experience intrusive sleepiness, fatigue, and impaired concentration. The frequency of sleep complaints and the degree of daytime sleepiness do not correlate well with number of events or arousals from sleep. However, those with sleepiness are at greater risk of cardiovascular complications. Not all patients are sleepy.

• #7 Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24443-obstructive-sleep-apnea-osa

  Obstructive sleep apnea can lead to potentially life-threatening complications. […] Over time, these symptoms can lead to dangerous and sometimes life-threatening complications. […] Symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea that you or a sleeping partner will notice at night include: Frequent wakeups in the middle of the night, Pauses in breathing while asleep, Waking up out of breath (like you’re choking), Snoring, Night sweats, Feeling restless. […] Daytime symptoms may include: Fatigue, sleepiness or exhaustion, Mood changes (depression and anxiety), Difficulty concentrating or remembering, Headaches (often when waking up), Sexual dysfunction. […] Obstructive sleep apnea can lead to dangerous and sometimes life-threatening complications that may include: Daytime drowsiness (dangerous if you’re driving or doing something that needs your full, undivided attention), Heart damage and heart failure, Chronic health conditions like high blood pressure (hypertension) or Type 2 diabetes, Arrhythmias (atrial fibrillation), Stroke, Sudden cardiac death.

• #8 American Thoracic Society | What Is Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults?

  https://site.thoracic.org/advocacy-patients/patient-resources/what-is-obstructive-sleep-apnea-in-adults

  Common symptoms you may have during sleep: Snoring that is usually loud and bothers other people trying to sleep near you. Snoring can come and go through the night. Gasping or choking sounds. Breathing pauses observed by someone watching you sleep. Sudden or jerky body movements. Restless tossing and turning. Frequent awakenings from sleep. […] Common symptoms you may have while awake: Wake up feeling like you have not had enough sleep, even after sleeping many hours. Morning headache. Dry or sore throat in the morning from breathing through your mouth during sleep. Sleepiness during the day. Sleepiness during the day. Fatigue or tiredness through the day. Personality changes, such as mood swings and difficulty getting along with others. Problems with poor memory or inability to concentrate. […] Lack of sleep can cause you to fall asleep while driving and result in car accidents. OSA can, with time, cause high blood pressure (hypertension), heart disease, stroke, diabetes mellitus, or early death.

• #9

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/obstructive-sleep-apnoea/

  Obstructive sleep apnoea is when your breathing stops and starts while you sleep. This happens because the walls of the throat relax and narrow. They block the flow of air into your lungs. […] Obstructive sleep apnoea can regularly disrupt your sleep. This can have a big impact on your quality of life. If it is not treated, it can lead to other problems. […] Many people with obstructive sleep apnoea do not know they have it. Often a partner, friend or family member first notices problems while you sleep. […] Signs of obstructive sleep apnoea while you sleep include: loud snoring, noisy breathing, long gaps between breaths, gasping or snorting. […] You may also have night sweats, wake up a lot during the night to pee, feel tired during the day. […] It can be hard to tell if you have obstructive sleep apnoea. It may help to ask someone to stay with you while you sleep so they can check for symptoms.

• #10 Obstructive Sleep Apnea | University of Michigan Health

  https://www.uofmhealth.org/conditions-treatments/brain-neurological-conditions/obstructive-sleep-apnea

  Obstructive sleep apnea occurs because your airway is blocked. […] If you have some of the following symptoms or problems, you may suffer from obstructive sleep apnea and should be seen by a sleep medicine physician: Frequent, loud snoring. A bed partner who says you stop breathing during your sleep. Waking up from sleep with a loud snort, or feeling short of breath. Daytime sleepiness. Chronic fatigue, tiredness, or lack of energy. Headaches that wake you up, or appear when you wake up in the morning. Restless sleep. Feeling hot and sweaty at night. Getting up to urinate more than once on an average night. […] Sleep apnea can range from mild to severe, based in part on the number of times each hour that you stop breathing.

• #11 Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA):Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/sleep-apnea/understanding-obstructive-sleep-apnea-syndrome

  Common obstructive sleep apnea warning signs include: […] Waking up suddenly and feeling like you’re gasping or choking. […] Symptoms in children may not be as clear. They may include: Bed-wetting, Choking or drooling, Sweating a lot at night, Rib cage moves inward when they breathe out, Learning and behavior problems, Problems at school, Sluggishness or sleepiness (often seen as laziness), Snoring, Teeth grinding, Restlessness in bed, Breathing that pauses or stops, Unusual sleeping positions, such as sleeping on their hands and knees, or with their neck bent far back. […] These breathing problems, or apnea events, might happen dozens of times each hour, preventing you from getting a good night’s sleep, even if you don’t notice it. […] Complications of obstructive sleep apnea can include: Sleepiness during the day and trouble concentrating. […] Obstructive sleep apnea happens when a structural problem makes it hard for you to breathe while asleep, causing you to wake up frequently.

• #12 Obstructive Sleep Apnoea

  https://www.healthhub.sg/a-z/diseases-and-conditions/obstructive-sleep-apnoea

  Daytime sleepiness or fatigue […] Dry mouth or sore throat upon awakening […] Frequent urination at night […] Headaches upon waking […] Trouble concentrating; forgetfulness or irritability […] Night sweats […] Restlessness at sleep […] Sexual dysfunction […] Snoring […] Sudden awakening with gasping or choking.

• #13 Obstructive sleep apnea – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/obstructive-sleep-apnea/symptoms-causes/syc-20352090

  Consult a health care professional if you have, or if your partner observes, the following: Snoring loud enough to disturb your sleep or the sleep of others. Waking up gasping or choking. Pausing in your breathing during sleep. Having excessive daytime drowsiness. This may cause you to fall asleep while working, watching television or even driving a vehicle. […] People with obstructive sleep apnea might not be aware of their interrupted sleep. Many people with this type of sleep apnea don’t realize they haven’t slept well all night. […] Obstructive sleep apnea is considered a serious medical condition. Complications can include: Daytime fatigue and sleepiness. Because of a lack of restorative sleep at night, people with obstructive sleep apnea often have severe daytime drowsiness, fatigue and irritability. […] The worse the obstructive sleep apnea, the greater the risk of coronary artery disease, heart attack, heart failure and stroke. […] People with obstructive sleep apnea also may complain of memory problems, morning headaches, and mood swings or depression.

• #14 Obstructive sleep apnea – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obstructive_sleep_apnea

  The hypoxia (absence of oxygen supply) related to OSA may cause changes in the neurons of the hippocampus and the right frontal cortex. Research using neuro-imaging revealed evidence of hippocampal atrophy in people with OSA. They found that OSA can cause problems in mentally manipulating non-verbal information, in executive functions and working memory. OSA may also be associated with an increased risk of a person developing Alzheimer’s disease. […] Diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea is significantly more common among people in relationships, who are alerted to their condition by being informed by their sleeping partner since individuals with obstructive sleep apnea are often unaware of the condition. […] The diagnosis of OSA syndrome is made when the patient shows recurrent episodes of partial or complete collapse of the upper airway during sleep resulting in apneas or hypopneas, respectively.

• #15 Obstructive sleep apnea Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/report/obstructive-sleep-apnea

  Excessive daytime sleepiness is the most noticeable, and one of the most serious, complications of sleep apnea. It interferes with mental alertness, social relations, and quality of life. […] Symptoms may include: Excessive daytime sleepiness. Excessive daytime sleepiness and fatigue are the hallmark symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea. […] Children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) share certain symptoms with adults such as snoring and restless sleep, but they tend not to exhibit daytime sleepiness.

• #16 Sleep Apnea Symptoms | SleepApnea.org

  https://www.sleepapnea.org/symptoms/?srsltid=AfmBOopEr6de5orK1AWl_hbf1lf2eBnK46Ya_ilOWa0iY1oxDoiebqhk

  Difficulty staying awake during the day is another common symptom of sleep apnea. […] Morning headaches are common in sleepers affected by untreated obstructive sleep apnea. Up to 30% of people with obstructive sleep apnea report waking up with headaches. […] Other symptoms may develop in people with untreated OSA. These symptoms include the frequent need to urinate at night, difficulty staying asleep, and changes in thinking and mood. […] Obstructive sleep apnea develops in less than 5% of children and is most frequently diagnosed in children between the ages of 2 and 6 years old. […] If you or a bed partner notice the symptoms of sleep apnea, or if other concerns about sleep health arise, talk with your healthcare provider.

• #17 Sleep Apnea Symptoms & Warning Signs in Adults

  https://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/sleep-apnea/symptoms-of-sleep-apnea

  You may have heard that frequent snoring is a sign of sleep apnea. It’s true that snoring is one of the most common symptoms. But not everyone who has sleep apnea snores. And of course, not everyone who snores has sleep apnea. […] Sleep apnea causes breathing disturbances while you sleep. Your breath might pause from time to time. Your breathing could become very shallow. Or both of these things may happen. […] For many people, the only obvious symptom of sleep apnea is fatigue or sleepiness during the day. […] Sleep apnea symptoms differ from person to person. But they may include: Loud snoring. It might come and go through the night, and be loud enough to wake others near you. Waking up with a very sore or dry throat. This happens because apnea often causes you to breathe with your mouth open. Dry mouth, also caused by mouth breathing. Occasionally waking up with a choking or gasping sensation. Restless sleep, repeated awakenings, or insomnia. Sleepiness or lack of energy during the day, even after a full night’s sleep. You might not be aware of it, but your breathing problems may wake you several times during the night. Sleepiness while driving. Morning headaches. Scientists aren’t sure why people with sleep apnea get these. It might be because of poor sleep or a lack of oxygen caused by the breathing problems. Forgetfulness, mood swings, and a loss of interest in sex. Lack of sleep can lead to these symptoms. Dizziness when you wake up. This might be linked to low oxygen levels. Nightmares. Some research has found a link between apnea and bad dreams. But we need more studies on this. […] If you often have any these symptoms, talk to your doctor about them. If your doctor suspects you have sleep apnea, they’ll refer you for sleep testing.

• #18 Obstructive sleep apnea – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/obstructive-sleep-apnea/symptoms-causes/syc-20352090

  Consult a health care professional if you have, or if your partner observes, the following: Snoring loud enough to disturb your sleep or the sleep of others. Waking up gasping or choking. Pausing in your breathing during sleep. Having excessive daytime drowsiness. This may cause you to fall asleep while working, watching television or even driving a vehicle. […] People with obstructive sleep apnea might not be aware of their interrupted sleep. Many people with this type of sleep apnea don’t realize they haven’t slept well all night. […] Obstructive sleep apnea is considered a serious medical condition. Complications can include: Daytime fatigue and sleepiness. Because of a lack of restorative sleep at night, people with obstructive sleep apnea often have severe daytime drowsiness, fatigue and irritability. […] The worse the obstructive sleep apnea, the greater the risk of coronary artery disease, heart attack, heart failure and stroke. […] People with obstructive sleep apnea also may complain of memory problems, morning headaches, and mood swings or depression.

• #19 Sleep Apnea Symptoms | Identifying Signs of OSA | Read More

  https://www.nationaljewish.org/conditions/obstructive-sleep-apnea-osa/symptoms

  You should see a doctor about your snoring if it is very loud and disruptive to the bed partner, particularly if it’s associated with other symptoms such as excessive daytime sleepiness or if you have coexisting medical conditions that can be impacted by sleep apnea such as hypertension, depression and insomnia. […] Children with OSA, on the other hand, may become hyperactive, rather than sleepy, during the day. This can cause problems with their performance at school. […] The symptoms below can indicate many sleep disorders. If you experience one or more of these symptoms, discuss your sleeping problems or concerns with your health care provider: […] Loud snoring […] Pauses in breathing or gasping for breath during sleep, as reported by others […] Excessive sleepiness or fatigue during the day […] Morning headaches.

• #20 Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) | Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/o/obstructive-sleep-apnea

  Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea can share symptoms with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Because of this, some children with pediatric OSA are misdiagnosed as having ADHD. Some children may have both conditions. Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea can also sometimes worsen ADHD symptoms. […] It’s important to treat pediatric obstructive sleep apnea as soon as possible. Treating it early can help the child maintain normal growth and development.

• #21 Obstructive sleep apnea – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obstructive_sleep_apnea

  Common symptoms of obstructive sleep disorder syndrome include unexplained daytime sleepiness, restless sleep, frequent awakenings and loud snoring (with periods of silence followed by gasps). Less common symptoms are morning headaches; insomnia; trouble concentrating; mood changes such as irritability, anxiety, and depression; bruxism (teeth grinding), forgetfulness; increased heart rate or blood pressure; erectile dysfunction, unexplained weight gain; increased urinary frequency or nocturia; frequent heartburn or gastroesophageal reflux; and heavy night sweats. […] The hallmark symptom of OSA syndrome in adults is excessive daytime sleepiness. Typically, an adult or adolescent with severe long-standing OSA will fall asleep for very brief periods in the course of usual daytime activities if given an opportunity to sit or rest.

• #22 What Is Sleep Apnea? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/sleep-apnea/guide/

  Obstructive Sleep Apnea This is the most common form of sleep apnea, and it occurs when there is a partial or complete obstruction of the airway, says Neeraj Kaplish, MD, the director of sleep laboratories at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. […] This airway blockage can cause loud snoring, snorting, or gasping for air during sleep (though not everyone with obstructive sleep apnea snores, and not everyone who snores has sleep apnea). […] Common signs and symptoms of this condition include: Exhaustion and sleepiness during the day despite seven or more hours of sleep at night, Dry mouth in the morning, Morning headaches, Trouble with attention, concentration, and memory, Irritability, Decreased sex drive or sexual dysfunction, Depression. […] In addition, your partner or family members may tell you that they witnessed one or more of the following: Chronic snoring that may be extremely loud, Repeated pauses in breathing followed by snorting and gasping for air.

• #23 Obstructive sleep apnea – adults: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000811.htm

  Sometimes, people with OSA wake up gasping for air. […] People with sleep apnea may: Wake up unrefreshed in the morning, Feel sleepy or drowsy throughout the day, Act grumpy, impatient, or irritable, Be forgetful, Fall asleep while working, reading, or watching TV, Feel sleepy while driving, or even fall asleep while driving, Have hard-to-treat headaches. […] Other problems that may occur include: Depression, Hyperactive behavior, especially in children, Difficult to treat high blood pressure, Headaches, especially in the morning. […] If not treated, sleep apnea may cause: Anxiety and depression, Loss of interest in sex, Poor performance at work or school. […] Daytime sleepiness because of sleep apnea can increase the risk of: Motor vehicle accidents from driving while sleepy, Industrial accidents from falling asleep on the job. […] In most cases, treatment completely relieves symptoms and problems from sleep apnea.

• #24 Moderate Sleep Apnea Symptoms and OSA | Resmed

  https://www.resmed.com/en-us/sleep-apnea/sleep-blog/moderate-sleep-apnea-symptoms/

  On the surface, the list of most common moderate sleep apnea symptoms doesnt look much different than the list of symptoms for mild sleep apnea, or even severe sleep apnea. […] According to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM), all people with obstructive sleep apnea typically experience some form of involuntary sleepiness. […] But according to the Mayo Clinics website, its time to see a doctor when your snoring is loud enough to disturb the sleep of others or yourself, or when your excessive daytime drowsiness is causing you to fall asleep while youre working, watching television or even driving. […] Again, if any of these moderate sleep apnea symptoms sound familiar, we encourage you to talk to your doctor today to see if you may need treatment for OSA.

• #25 What is obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA)? | Asthma + Lung UK

  https://www.asthmaandlung.org.uk/conditions/obstructive-sleep-apnoea-osa/what-obstructive-sleep-apnoea-osa

  Symptoms when you’re awake: waking up tired and feeling unrefreshed, waking up with a headache, feeling extremely tired and sleepy during the day. […] OSA can be serious if it’s not diagnosed and treated. It can affect your general health, wellbeing and quality of life. […] It’s important to get treatment for OSA to lower your risk of other health problems. […] Without treatment, OSA can affect your health and cause, or worsen: high blood pressure, heart disease, type 2 diabetes, stroke, depression or mood changes. […] OSA may affect other areas of your life too. For example, you may find it hard to focus at work or at school, have mood changes which could affect your work, family or social life, have difficulties in your relationship with your partner if you have one, have a higher risk of having an accident caused by tiredness, including when driving.

• #26 Sleep Apnea: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8718-sleep-apnea

  Sleep apnea causes symptoms that affect you at night and during the day. […] Common symptoms of sleep apnea include: Waking up repeatedly in the middle of the night, Breathing pauses while asleep (a sleeping partner may notice this), Unusual breathing patterns (fast breathing that gets deeper, then shallower again until breathing stops before starting again), Snoring, Waking up feeling short of breath or like you’re choking, Daytime fatigue, sleepiness or exhaustion when waking up. […] Other symptoms you might experience may include: Headaches, especially when waking up, Night sweats, Mood changes (depression and anxiety), Feeling restless at night, Sexual dysfunction. […] Sleep apnea is a condition that can severely disrupt your sleep. You may not perform at your best during the day if you’re not getting restful sleep at night. This may put you at risk of injury or accidents that can interfere with your work, hobbies or social activities.

• #27 Sleep Apnea Symptoms To Know | Franciscan Health

  https://www.franciscanhealth.org/community/blog/sleep-apnea-symptoms-to-know

  Here are some symptoms of sleep apnea to watch for, in addition to snoring: High blood pressure, Morning headaches, Multiple night awakenings, Falling asleep inappropriately, such as while driving or in meetings, Morning dry mouth (many people with the condition sleep with their mouth open), Never feeling fully rested and refreshed after sleeping. […] „Other things include feeling tired during the day, not being able to sleep and staying asleep during the night, having headaches in the morning,” Dr. Abou-Jaoude said. „Sometimes some of the symptoms of sleep apnea is refractory hypertension, blood pressure that is very difficult to control, even sometimes with three or four or five medications. Many times treating sleep apnea will help the blood pressure.”

• #28 The Effects of Sleep Apnea on the Body

  https://www.healthline.com/health/sleep-apnea/effects-on-body

  People with sleep apnea are more likely to develop insulin resistance, a condition in which cells dont respond as well to the hormone insulin. […] Sleep apnea has also been associated with metabolic syndrome, a cluster of heart disease risk factors that include high blood pressure, high LDL cholesterol levels, high blood sugar levels, and a larger-than-typical waist circumference. […] If you have sleep apnea, youre more likely to have fatty liver disease, cirrhosis, and higher-than-normal levels of liver enzymes. […] Apnea can also worsen heartburn and other symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), which can interrupt your sleep even more. […] Sleep apnea has been linked to obesity and hypertension (high blood pressure), which increase the strain on your heart. […] If you have sleep apnea, youre more likely to have an abnormal heart rhythm like atrial fibrillation, which could increase your risk of a stroke.

• #29 Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: From Symptoms to Treatment

  https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/4/2459

  Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome is a respiratory sleep disorder characterized by partial or complete recurrent episodes of upper airway collapse that occur during the night. The OSA manifests with a reduction (hypopnea) or complete cessation (apnea) of airflow in the upper airways, associated with breathing effort. OSA is a frequent and often underestimated pathology affecting between 2 and 5% of the middle-aged population. Typical nocturnal symptoms are persistent snoring and awakenings with a dyspnea sensation. On the other hand, diurnal symptoms could be sleepiness, headaches, asthenia, neurological disorders, and impaired personal relationships. […] During the hypopnea/apnea events, poor alveolar ventilation reduces the oxygen saturation in the arterial blood (SaO2) with a gradual increase in carbon dioxide (PaCO2). The direct consequence of the intermittent hypoxia could be an oxidative imbalance, with reactive oxygen species production and an inflammatory cascade activation with pro-inflammatory cytokines growth (IL2, IL4, TNF, PCR). Furthermore, an endothelial dysfunction, as indicated by increased serum levels of ET-1 and LOX-1, could occur. As a result of the nocturnal hypoxia and the systemic inflammations, the risks of the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular morbidities increase.

• #30 Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/lungs-and-airways/obstructive-sleep-apnoea/

  The severity of OSA is determined by how many breathing pauses you have per hour of sleep. These episodes are measured using the apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI). […] Treatment is most likely to be beneficial in people with moderate or severe OSA. Treatment is also most likely to help people who are very sleepy during the day. However, treatment may also help some people with mild OSA. […] If OSA is left untreated, it can cause problems such as poor performance at work and school, and placing a strain on your relationships. Poorly controlled OSA may also increase your risk of: developing high blood pressure (hypertension), having a stroke or heart attack, developing an irregular heartbeat such as atrial fibrillation, developing type 2 diabetes although its unclear if this is the result of an underlying cause, such as obesity.

• #31 Sleep apnoea

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/sleep-apnoea/

  Symptoms of sleep apnoea mainly happen while you sleep. […] They include: breathing stopping and starting, making gasping, snorting or choking noises, waking up a lot, loud snoring. […] During the day, you may also feel very tired, find it hard to concentrate, have mood swings, have a headache when you wake up. […] You have any of the main symptoms of sleep apnoea, such as: your breathing stops and starts while you sleep, you make gasping, snorting or choking noises while you sleep, you always feel very tired during the day. […] Sleep apnoea can be serious if it’s not diagnosed and treated. […] The test can show if you have sleep apnoea and how severe it is. This is based on how often your breathing stops while you sleep (AHI score). […] AHI of 5 to 14 = mild, AHI of 15 to 30 = moderate, AHI over 30 = severe.

• #32 Obstructive sleep apnoea: causes and symptoms • Heart Research Institute

  https://www.hri.org.au/health/learn/risk-factors/obstructive-sleep-apnoea

  Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a sleep disorder where breathing repeatedly stops and starts. […] The signs and symptoms of OSA include the following: pauses in breathing while sleeping, loud snoring, tossing and turning, waking up gasping or choking, having a dry mouth, sore throat or headaches upon waking, feeling tired or not refreshed after sleep, excessive sleepiness, fatigue or difficulty concentrating during the day, mood changes and irritability, high blood pressure. […] In severe OSA, breathing may be interrupted more than 30 times per hour. Left untreated or undiagnosed, this can have serious and life-threatening consequences.

• #33 Diagnosing Sleep Apnea | SleepApnea.org

  https://www.sleepapnea.org/diagnosis/?srsltid=AfmBOor74iwlZcRjqleslZIu38g-5ODW2SpkqHIDiq94GgVUvfv6gZEp

  Common symptoms of sleep apnea include daytime sleepiness, snoring, and morning headaches. Less commonly, people may experience insomnia or nighttime awakenings with an urge to use the bathroom. […] For most people, sleep apnea is a chronic condition. This means that ongoing treatment usually alleviates symptoms, but stopping treatment will cause the condition to come back. Over time, it is common for sleep apnea to slowly get worse. […] Sleep apnea may present itself in a number of ways. Consider talking with your doctor if you have one or more symptoms of the condition. […] Morning headaches that occur daily or multiple times a week are reported by some people with obstructive sleep apnea. […] Sleep apnea is also more likely to occur in people that have certain health conditions. People with cardiac conditions, including high blood pressure and heart failure, commonly have sleep apnea. […] Untreated sleep apnea can affect a person’s quality of sleep and daily life. However, timely diagnosis and treatment for sleep apnea can prevent complications and relieve symptoms in most cases.

• #34 Obstructive sleep apnea – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obstructive_sleep_apnea

  The transition from wakefulness to sleep (either REM sleep or NREM sleep) is associated with a reduction in upper-airway muscle tone. During REM sleep, muscle tone of the throat and neck, as well as that of the vast majority of skeletal muscles, are almost completely relaxed. This allows the tongue and soft palate/oropharynx to relax, reducing airway patency and potentially impeding or completely obstructing the flow of air into the lungs during inspiration, resulting in reduced respiratory ventilation. […] The fundamental cause of OSA is a blocked upper airway, usually behind the tongue and epiglottis, whereby the otherwise patent airway, in an erect and awake patient, collapses when the patient is lying on his or her back and loses muscle tone upon entering deep sleep. […] The cycle of muscle-tone loss and restoration coinciding with periods of deep and light sleep repeats throughout the patient’s period of sleep. The number of apnoea and hypopnoea episodes during any given hour is counted and given a score. If a patient has an average of five or more episodes per hour, mild OSA may be confirmed. An average of 30 or more episodes per hour indicates severe OSA.

• #35 Signs and Symptoms | Canadian Lung Association

  https://www.lung.ca/signs-and-symptoms-0

  Obstructive sleep apnea is a serious breathing problem that interrupts your sleep. The two main symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea are: Youre very sleepy during the day, but you dont know why. You snore and have pauses in your breathing while sleeping. Some other signs and symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea: You have high blood pressure1. Youre irritable. You gasp or choke during sleep. Youre very tired (you have fatigue). Youre depressed. You cant concentrate. You have morning headaches. You have memory problems/ memory loss. For men: you have impotence (difficulty keeping an erection). Many people have sleep apnea without knowing it. Sleep apnea can develop slowly, over time. Many people dont recognize the signs and symptoms. […] The main symptom of sleep apnea is excessive daytime sleepiness you are sleepier than expected during the day.

• #36 The Silent Threat of Sleep Apnea: Why Ignoring Symptoms Can Be Dangerous | Blog | Loyola Medicine

  https://www.loyolamedicine.org/newsroom/blog-articles/silent-threat-sleep-apnea

  Sleep apnea is more than just a noisy nuisance that disrupts your sleep; it’s a serious health condition with far-reaching consequences. While snoring may be its most recognizable symptom, the effects of untreated sleep apnea extend well beyond restless nights. […] You or your partner may notice these common symptoms: Loud snoring, Choking or gasping during sleep, Excessive daytime fatigue, Morning headaches, Difficulty concentrating, Mood changes like depression or irritability. […] As many as 90% of sleep apnea cases remain undiagnosed, meaning millions of people unknowingly live with its harmful effects. […] Sleep apnea disrupts glucose metabolism, increasing the risk of insulin resistance. Research has shown that there is a strong correlation between obstructive sleep apnea and also having diabetes, creating a vicious cycle of health complications.

• #37 Patient education: Sleep apnea in adults (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/sleep-apnea-in-adults-beyond-the-basics

  Certain factors increase the chance of having sleep apnea. Increasing age – OSA occurs at all ages, but it is more common in middle and older age adults. Male sex and hormones – OSA is twice as common in males as females, especially in middle aged males and in those on replacement hormones. Obesity – The more obese a person is, the more likely they are to have OSA. Sedation from medication or alcohol – These reduce breathing and prevent awakening during sleep, and can lengthen periods of apnea (no breathing), with potentially dangerous consequences. Abnormality of the airway that narrows it (eg, large tonsils).

• #38 Understanding Mild, Moderate & Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) | SomnoMed US

  https://somnomed.com/en/understanding-mild-moderate-severe-obstructive-sleep-apnea-osa/

  Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) can be diagnosed as mild, moderate, or severe. Its important to treat Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) to avoid serious risks to your health. Once youre diagnosed with OSA, treatment options depend upon the severity of your sleep apnea. […] The severity of your obstructive sleep apnea (mild, moderate, or severe) is measured using this scale. […] Mild obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is indicated by an AHI between 5 and 15. […] Moderate sleep apnea occurs when the AHI indicates a higher number of breathing interruptions during the night than those that occur with mild sleep apnea. Common moderate sleep apnea signs and symptoms typically can include: Excessive daytime sleepiness (also known as hypersomnia), Morning headaches, Snoring, Nighttime gasping/choking/coughing, High blood pressure, Frequent urination during the night, Restless sleep (or difficulty staying asleep), Dry mouth or sore throat when you wake up, Feelings of irritability, depression, or mood swings, Decreased libido, A larger neck size (characterized by the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons as greater than 17 in men, and greater than 16 around in women).

• #39 Sleep apnea: Symptoms and treatment – Mayo Clinic Health System

  https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/hometown-health/speaking-of-health/do-i-have-sleep-apnea

  For milder cases of obstructive sleep apnea, your doctor may recommend lifestyle changes, such as: Losing weight if you’re overweight; Exercising regularly; Drinking alcohol moderately, if at all, and not drinking several hours before bedtime; Using a nasal decongestant or allergy medications; Avoiding sleeping on your back.

• #40 Signs & Symptoms Of Sleep Apnea (OSA) | Restore TMJ & Sleep Therapy

  https://www.tmjtexas.com/sleep-apnea/causes-and-symptoms

  While some medical conditions increase a person’s risk of sleep apnea, there are a range of other risk factors that predispose people to this condition. Some common risk factors of sleep apnea include: Obesity – There is substantial research supporting the link between obesity and sleep apnea. […] Sleeping position – Some sleeping positions may increase your risk of sleep apnea. […] Inherited – It’s possible to inherit sleep apnea. […] TMJ Disorders – Problems with your temporomandibular joint, including injuries and arthritis, may indicate the presence of sleep apnea. […] Smoking – Smoking of any kind serves as an irritant to the upper respiratory system. […] Nasal Congestion – Someone with acute or chronic nasal congestion will experience a lot of resistance in the airway. […] Alcohol – Alcohol can not only worsen cases of sleep apnea, but this substance is also known to cause apnea. […] Hormonal Abnormalities – Individuals who do not produce enough melatonin will struggle with their sleep-wake cycles and are at a higher risk of developing sleep apnea. […] If left untreated, this condition can have serious health consequences. […] Next Steps: If you are concerned you might have sleep apnea, your first step is to get a sleep study and a consultation with a sleep physician.

• #41 Signs & Symptoms Of Sleep Apnea (OSA) | Restore TMJ & Sleep Therapy

  https://www.tmjtexas.com/sleep-apnea/causes-and-symptoms

  Sleep apnea is a chronic condition that does not “go away” on its own. It must be treated and managed. […] Most people are familiar with CPAP machines, which use a bedside machine to force room air through a mask that’s worn while you sleep. Although effective, not everyone can tolerate using it. CPAPs can be cumbersome and disruptive to your normal sleeping habits (not to mention your sleep partner). […] Fortunately, there are less-obtrusive options for treating sleep apnea: custom oral appliance therapy using a mandibular advancement device. Oral sleep appliances open the airway by positioning your jaw in a way that prevents collapse of the soft tissues. When fitted properly, custom oral appliances can be as effective in treating patients with mild or moderate sleep apnea. […] Sleep apnea is caused when the muscles in the back of your throat relax. This obstructs the airway, which can then cause a wide range of factors and conditions. Effective treatment requires first identifying the cause of sleep apnea, so proper diagnosis is vital. […] Sleep apnea can also result from other medical conditions, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma, that obstruct the upper airways. Circulatory conditions, including diabetes mellitus and congestive heart failure, are known to be present in many people who have sleep apnea.

• #42 Sleep & Down Syndrome | National Down Syndrome Society (NDSS)

  https://ndss.org/resources/sleep-down-syndrome

  Individuals with Down syndrome are much more likely to have OSA than individuals without Down syndrome. Studies have suggested 53-76% of children and more than 80% of adults with Down syndrome have OSA, compared to about 2-6% of children and 10% of adults without Down syndrome. […] Symptoms of sleep abnormalities may include: restless sleep. snoring. gasping noises. heavy breathing. apneic pauses (a pause in breathing). frequent waking during the night. trouble getting out of bed. daytime sleepiness. excessive napping. unusual sleep positions (such as sitting upright or keeping the head and neck tilted backward). […] Some children with Down syndrome and OSA may not have any apparent symptoms. A sleep study by age 4 years old is recommended for all children with Down syndrome due to the high risk of OSA.

• #43 Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA) | Sleep Health Foundation

  https://www.sleephealthfoundation.org.au/sleep-disorders/obstructive-sleep-apnoea

  Each person can experience different symptoms. If you have OSA you may snore, toss and turn and others may notice that you stop breathing during the night. Because of the disruptive effects of OSA on sleep you may find yourself waking up often during the night, sometimes gasping or choking, although this does not always happen. However, even if there are few awakenings overnight, sleep is disturbed and you may be unrefreshed by it because of this. As the day goes on, you may struggle to stay awake, especially in the afternoon. Fatigue, lethargy, grumpiness and other mood changes are common in untreated OSA. Males and females with OSA may experience different symptoms. For example, females may experience difficulties falling asleep and maintaining sleep, poor mood and fatigue, while males may be more likely to present with typical OSA symptoms such as loud snoring, and high levels of daytime sleepiness.

• #44 Diagnosis and Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2016/0901/p355.html

  Obstructive sleep apnea is a common disorder that causes patients to temporarily stop or decrease their breathing repeatedly during sleep. This results in fragmented, nonrestful sleep that can lead to symptoms such as morning headache and daytime sleepiness. […] Patients with OSA temporarily stop or decrease their breathing (apnea or hypopnea, respectively) repeatedly during sleep. This cessation or decrease in breathing is the result of repetitive partial or complete obstruction of the airway caused by narrowing of the respiratory passages. […] The effects of fragmented sleep on daytime fatigue and sleepiness are widely recognized. […] Predictive clinical features of OSA include observed gasping during sleep, morning headache, excessive daytime sleepiness, loud snoring, and neck circumference of greater than 16 inches (40.6 cm). […] Symptoms include cognitive impairment, daytime sleepiness, fatigue, insomnia, loud snoring, mood disorders, sleep episodes during wakefulness, and waking up gasping for air, choking, or holding one’s breath.

• #45

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/obstructive-sleep-apnoea/

  The main test to assess sleep at a sleep clinic is a polysomnography (sleep study). […] The doctor will use the test to diagnose obstructive sleep apnoea. They will find out how much it is interrupting your sleep and recommend treatment. […] The test can show if you have sleep apnoea and how severe it is. This is based on how often your breathing stops while you sleep (AHI score). […] The apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) measures how severe your sleep apnoea is. How severe it is depends on the number of sleep apnoea episodes you have in an hour.

• #46 Sleep Apnea – Lung and Airway Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/lung-and-airway-disorders/sleep-apnea/sleep-apnea

  Losing weight, quitting smoking, and not using alcohol excessively can help. […] Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the main treatment for people with obstructive sleep apnea, particularly those who have excessive daytime sleepiness. […] Some people who use CPAP still have excessive daytime sleepiness. […] Removable oral appliances, fitted by dentists, can help relieve obstructive sleep apnea (and snoring) in people with mild to moderate sleep apnea. […] Upper airway stimulation is a procedure in which an implanted electrical device is used to stimulate one of the cranial nerves that controls the tongue. […] Surgery of the head or neck as a treatment for sleep apnea is useful if there are enlarged tonsils or an obvious blockage of the upper airway by another structure. […] Tracheostomy (making a permanent opening in the windpipe to insert a breathing tube) is the most effective treatment for obstructive sleep apnea.

• #47 Sleep apnoea

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/sleep-apnoea/

  Sleep apnoea can sometimes be treated by making lifestyle changes like losing weight, giving up smoking and reducing how much alcohol you drink. […] Other treatments sometimes used for sleep apnoea include: a gum shield-like device that holds your airways open while you sleep (mandibular advancement device), surgery to help your breathing, such as removing large tonsils. […] Without treatment, sleep apnoea can lead to other problems including: high blood pressure, a higher chance of having a stroke, type 2 diabetes, heart disease, depression or mood changes, a higher chance of having a serious accident caused by tiredness, such as a car accident, difficulty concentrating at work or school. […] Sleep apnoea happens if your airways become too narrow while you sleep. This stops you breathing properly.

• #48 Sleep Apnea Signs & Symptoms | Hampton Roads, VA

  https://www.coastalvasleepsolution.com/what-is-sleep-apnea/sleep-apnea-signs-symptoms/

  Lack of treatment for sleep apnea can reduce a person’s lifespan by 12-15 years. Living with untreated sleep apnea can significantly impact your health and lifespan. […] Sleep apnea primarily affects the heart and lungs by causing repeated drops in oxygen levels and disrupted sleep. […] If you’re experiencing any of the above symptoms, you must get help immediately. Untreated sleep apnea has serious health effects. […] Not getting enough air overnight can cause you to wake up with intense headaches. […] When you have untreated sleep apnea, you’re more at risk for various other serious health problems. In particular, it can target your vascular system. […] You’re more likely to get in a car crash than those without the condition. […] You’re more likely to have mental conditions like depression and anxiety.

• #49 Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) – Pulmonary Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pulmonary-disorders/sleep-apnea/obstructive-sleep-apnea-osa

  Prognosis for obstructive sleep apnea is excellent provided treatment is instituted, accepted, and effective. Untreated or unrecognized OSA is accompanied by a lower quality of life, and increased risk of hypertension and injuries related to falling asleep while engaging in potentially hazardous activities.

• #50 What Is Sleep Apnea? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/sleep-apnea/guide/

  When lifestyle changes, CPAP, and other sleep apnea treatments are not working for you, your doctor may advise surgery, which is typically performed to either make more room in the throat by removing the tonsils, adenoids, or other tissue in the back of the throat or to reposition your jaw to open up the airway. […] Whats clear is that effective treatment for sleep apnea can improve much more than your sleep it can impact your health in numerous ways.

• #51 Obstructive Sleep Apnea: 6 Warning Signs

  https://www.aarp.org/health/conditions-treatments/apnea-warning-signs/

  About 30 percent of people with obstructive sleep apnea report having a dry mouth when they wake up in the morning. […] But with sleep apnea, youre still wiped, even if you get a full night of sleep, says Malow. […] A 2022 study published in the European Respiratory Journal found that while sleep apnea itself accelerates your bodys biological aging, using a CPAP machine for just four hours a night was able to partially reverse it. […] The good news is, when people are treated for their sleep apnea, most of their symptoms disappear, Kryger says.

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