Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Vaginal Atrophy: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15500-vaginal-atrophy

  Vaginal atrophy is a condition where the lining of your vagina gets drier and thinner. This results in itching, burning and pain during sex, among other symptoms. The condition also includes urinary tract problems such as urinary tract infections (UTIs) and urinary incontinence. […] Vaginal atrophy most often occurs during perimenopause and menopause when your ovaries produce less estrogen. It can occur when your estrogen levels decrease due to cancer treatment or having your ovaries removed. […] During menopause, your body makes less estrogen. Without estrogen, the lining of your vagina can become thinner and less stretchy. Your vaginal canal can also narrow and shorten. Less estrogen also lowers the amount of normal vaginal fluids and changes the acid balance in your vagina. All of these factors make your vaginal tissue more delicate and more likely to become irritated.

• #1 Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559297/

  Estrogen plays a crucial role in maintaining the normal anatomy and physiology of the urogenital system. Estrogen receptors are present in the vagina, vulva, urethra, and bladder trigone, where they respond to estrogen stimulation by maintaining normal blood flow, tissue thickness, rugosity, elasticity, and moisture of epithelial surfaces. During the reproductive years, the vagina is rich in glycogen, which is converted by the normal flora, lactobacilli, into lactic acid. This process creates an acidic environment in the vagina, with a pH ranging from 3.5 to 5.0, allowing lactobacilli to continue to thrive and protect the vaginal and urinary tracts from infections. After menopause, the quantity of lactobacilli decreases, leading to an increase in the vaginal pH and the development of GSM. […] The condition is primarily caused by decreased estrogen levels in postmenopausal individuals or those of any age who experience reduced estrogenic stimulation of the urogenital tissues. Other causes of GSM include lactation, hypothalamic amenorrhea, and antiestrogen medications used in the treatment of uterine fibroids, endometriosis, and breast cancer.

• #1 Vaginal atrophy: Natural remedies, causes, and treatments

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/315089

  Vaginal atrophy can occur at any age, although one main cause is reduced estrogen production in the ovaries during menopause. […] Estrogen is the hormone responsible for female sexual development and menstrual regularity. It helps promote bone and skin health and supports other tissues in the body. Estrogen can also influence brain activity and mood. […] People experiencing perimenopause, alongside other medical conditions that reduce the levels of estrogen in the body, can also develop vaginal atrophy. […] The following factors can reduce estrogen levels: certain types of birth control, including the contraceptive injection and the combined pill; a lack of arousal before intercourse leading to nonproduction of natural lubricant; nursing or childbirth; hormonal cancer treatments, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy to the pelvic area; diabetes; Sjgren disease, in which the immune system attacks fluid-producing glands in the body.

• #1 Causes Of Vaginal Atrophy | Gynatrof Vaginal Moisturizer

  https://gynatrof.com/causes-of-vaginal-atrophy/

  Vaginal tissue is kept moist, elastic and comfortable by lubrication which is naturally created by glands at the neck of the womb, and governed by the body’s production of estrogen. When the ovaries’ production of estrogen is disrupted, which can happen for a number of reasons, vaginal tissue becomes dry, thin, and less elastic which lends itself to being more fragile and may tear and/or bleed. […] This thinned endometrium and increased vaginal pH level, induced by estrogen deficiency, predisposes your vagina and urinary tract to infection and mechanical weakness. This often results in debilitating discomfort such as itching and burning, increased vaginal infections, and pain during sexual activity. […] Menopausal women are not the only ones who experience vaginal atrophy. Women of any age who have low estrogen levels may have symptoms. For women who are experiencing vaginal dryness but are certainly not menopausal, there are many other possible causes of vaginal atrophy.

• #1 What is Vaginal Atrophy? | Women’s Health | H&BInstagramPinterestFacebookTwitter

  https://www.hollandandbarrett.com/the-health-hub/conditions/womens-health/menopause/what-is-vaginal-atrophy/

  Vaginal atrophy refers to the thinning, inflammation and drying of the vaginal walls, which often takes place in perimenopause or menopause […] Generally speaking, vaginal atrophy is caused by a decrease in oestrogen levels. This means that the walls of the vagina become thinner and less stretchy. Additionally, the decrease in oestrogen causes a reduction in vaginal fluids and natural lubrication – which all contribute to the vagina and vulval tissues becoming dry and fragile. This in turn makes you more susceptible to injury, tearing and bleeding during intercourse. […] In the years running up to and during menopause, a lot of changes take place. As well as other body parts and functions, the vagina and vulva (the outer area) are affected by the changing hormone levels and subsequent drop in oestrogen.

• #1 What Is Vaginal Atrophy?

  https://www.webmd.com/menopause/vaginal-atrophy

  Vaginal atrophy is when the walls of your vagina get thin, dry, and inflamed. This can happen when your body makes less estrogen, such as during and after menopause. […] The cause of vaginal atrophy is a drop in estrogen levels. At menopause, a woman’s estrogen levels can fall by about 85%. […] Menopause is the most common reason for GSM, but estrogen levels can also go down because of: Breastfeeding, Anti-estrogen medications, Some birth control pills, Surgery to remove both ovaries, Chemotherapy, Pelvic radiation therapy, Hormone treatment.

• #1 Vaginal atrophy: causes, symptoms and treatment | SEID Lab

  https://lab-seid.com/vaginal-atrophy-understanding-a-common-condition-in-women/?lang=en

  Vaginal atrophy is a condition caused by oestrogen deficiency that affects women, especially during the menopause, but can also occur at an early age, especially after pregnancy. […] There are various causes and risk factors that contribute to the onset and development of vaginal atrophy. Understanding these causes and taking risk factors into account is essential to properly address this condition and seek appropriate treatment options. […] The most common cause of vaginal atrophy is menopause. When menopause occurs, the ovaries stop producing oestrogen on a regular basis, which can lead to significant changes in vaginal health. As oestrogen levels decrease, vaginal tissue becomes thinner, drier and less elastic. […] Some cancer treatments can alter the balance of hormone levels and increase the risk of developing vaginal atrophy.

• #1 Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559297/

  GSM most commonly arises from conditions that lead to a diminished estrogen state, such as natural menopause, where the ovaries cease estradiol production, resulting in a 95% decline in estradiol levels from premenopausal levels. However, GSM can also occur in individuals with other conditions associated with low estrogen, including those who have undergone surgical menopause following bilateral oophorectomy, primary ovarian insufficiency, chemotherapy, hypothalamic amenorrhea, or are breastfeeding. Additional risk factors include ovarian failure due to radiation or arterial embolization, hypothalamic-pituitary disorders, and the use of antiestrogen medications such as leuprolide or gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonists, often prescribed for endometriosis. Breast cancer survivors, particularly, are at increased risk due to treatments such as chemotherapy or aromatase inhibitors, which can contribute to the early onset of GSM symptoms.

• #1 Diagnosis and Treatment of Atrophic Vaginitis | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2000/0515/p3090.html

  Up to 40 percent of postmenopausal women have symptoms of atrophic vaginitis. Because the condition is attributable to estrogen deficiency, it may occur in pre-menopausal women who take antiestrogenic medications or who have medical or surgical conditions that result in decreased levels of estrogen. […] Menopause is the leading cause of decreased levels of circulating estrogen; therefore, it is the etiology in almost all cases of atrophic vaginitis. In nonmenopausal women, production of ovarian estrogen can be interrupted by radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunologic disorders and oophorectomy. […] Side effects of antiestrogen medications, including medroxyprogesterone (Provera), tamoxifen (Nolvadex), danazol (Danocrine), leuprolide (Lupron) and nafarelin (Synarel), are also implicated as causes of atrophic vaginitis.

• #1 Vaginal atrophy isn’t a normal sign of aging, and treatment can help | Ohio State Health & Discovery

  https://health.osu.edu/health/ob-gyn/vaginal-atrophy-treatments-can-help

  Vaginal dryness, burning, itching, discomfort with intercourse, vaginal discharge or spotting, increasing trips to the bathroom, discomfort in the urethra and recurrent urinary tract infections are all symptoms associated with genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM), sometimes called vaginal atrophy. […] GSM is the thinning of the lining of the vagina, which commonly occurs when reproductive hormones (estrogen) are no longer present. This often occurs after natural menopause, but some people could experience this after ovary removal (surgical menopause), while theyre on certain medical treatments that block estrogen production, with rare tumors that block estrogen production, or while theyre breastfeeding. […] Some studies suggest that anywhere between 50% and 85% of postmenopausal people experience symptoms related to vaginal atrophy.

• #1 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-Vaginal-Atrophy.aspx

  With age the levels of estrogen fall as the woman reaches the menopause. As the levels of estrogen drop, the inner walls of the vagina turn dry and the cells within it that keep it moist and stretchable become scant and atrophied. This condition is termed as vaginal atrophy or atrophic Vaginitis. […] Vaginal atrophy is most commonly seen after a women reaches menopause. At this time the ovaries reduce the secretion of estrogen. This makes the menstrual cycles become irregular, bleeding scanty and ultimately periods stop completely. […] Estrogen levels fall when ovaries and/or uterus of a woman are removed surgically. This could be before a woman has achieved menopause and this surgery brings about an artificial menopause. […] Certain medications that are used in the treatment of uterine fibroids and endometriosis also reduce the levels of estrogen and may cause vaginal dryness as a side effect.

• #1 Vaginal Atrophy: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15500-vaginal-atrophy

  Women in menopause are the most likely to experience vaginal atrophy because their body naturally produces less estrogen. However, other factors can decrease estrogen levels and lead to vaginal atrophy. […] Vaginal atrophy can affect your quality of life and your relationship with your partner(s). There are physical and emotional side effects of GSM. Physical symptoms like pain, burning, itching and leaking pee can disrupt all areas of your life. Emotional side effects are just as complicated as the physical side effects. […] Vaginal atrophy can’t be cured, but you don’t have to live with the discomfort. With proper diagnosis and treatment, the symptoms can be managed. […] Yes, it can. That’s why prompt treatment is important. The sooner you get treatment, the less likely it is that your vaginal atrophy will worsen. For example, the longer you go without estrogen, the dryer your vagina will become. Without treatment, your vaginal atrophy may get worse.

• #1 Vaginal atrophy (atrophic vaginitis) Guide: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Options

  https://www.drugs.com/health-guide/vaginal-atrophy-atrophic-vaginitis.html

  Vaginal atrophy is a change of the vagina that develops when there is a significant decrease in levels of the female hormone estrogen. The condition also is called atrophic vaginitis. […] Common conditions with low estrogen levels that cause vaginal atrophy include: menopause, when normal, age-related body changes cause the ovaries to decrease their production of estrogen; surgical removal of the ovaries before the age of natural menopause, which can be done at the same time as a hysterectomy (removal of the uterus); treatment with medications used to decrease estrogen levels in women who have conditions such as uterine fibroids or endometriosis; premature menopause, which occurs before age 40, a younger age than is considered normal for the average woman; breastfeeding. […] The condition will continue until it is treated or estrogen levels return to normal.

• #1 Understanding Vaginal Atrophy: Symptoms, Causes, And Treatment Options

  https://vaginal-rejuvenation.clinic/health/understanding-vaginal-atrophy/

  Numerous women suffer from vaginal atrophy, especially as they approach menopause. […] A reduction in estrogen levels in the body is the cause of vaginal atrophy. This decline may be caused by natural aging, menopause, or other medical problems that influence estrogen levels. These are some of the most frequent reasons of vaginal atrophy: Menopause, Chemotherapy or radiation therapy, Hysterectomy, Surgical removal of the ovaries, Certain pharmaceuticals. […] Vaginal atrophy can also be caused by a drop in estrogen levels, which can be a result of several factors including: Oophorectomy: The removal of both ovaries, where estrogen is primarily produced, can lead to a decrease in estrogen levels. Breast cancer treatment: Anti-estrogen medications used during breast cancer treatment may also cause a drop in estrogen levels. Childbirth: A 2018 study found that 43% of postpartum women reported experiencing vaginal dryness six months after giving birth, due to the drop in estrogen levels that occurs during childbirth. Breastfeeding: The hormone prolactin, which is responsible for lactation, can also reduce estrogen levels, leading to vaginal atrophy.

• #1 What is vaginal atrophy? The condition that affects more than half…

  https://www.caryobgyn.com/what-is-vaginal-atrophy-the-condition-that-affects-more-than-half-of-postmenopausal-people/

  Vaginal atrophy is caused by a reduction in the hormone estrogen, says Huong Nghiem-Eilbeck, MD, an OB-GYN with AltaMed Health Services. Estrogen helps maintain the vagina’s elasticity, thickness, lubrication, and pH balance. […] This explains why menopause is the leading cause of vaginal atrophy, since during this period you produce less estrogen, Nghiem-Eibrek says. […] However, a drop in estrogen that can lead to vaginal atrophy may also be due to: […] Removal of both ovaries (oophorectomy), since estrogen is primarily produced in the ovaries. […] Breast cancer treatment, which may include anti-estrogen medications. […] Childbirth, which results in a drop in estrogen. In fact, a 2018 study of postpartum women found 43% reported vaginal dryness six months after giving birth. […] Breastfeeding, which also reduces estrogen levels. This is because the hormone prolactin that causes lactation can also reduce estrogen levels.

• #1 Vulvovaginal Atrophy

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2800285/

  Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are prescribed as adjuvant systemic therapy to women with ER+ breast cancer. […] Chemotherapeutic agents used in the treatment of breast cancer can also cause VVA because of chemotherapy-induced ovarian failure. […] Premenopausal women account for 25% of all diagnosed breast cancer cases and are more likely to need systemic chemotherapy. […] The risk of permanent chemotherapy-induced ovarian failure is more common in women older than 40 years than in those younger than 40 years. […] Whether breast cancer survivors with VVA can be safely treated with low-dose vaginal estrogens remains controversial.

• #1 Vulvovaginal Atrophy Following Treatment for Oncogynecologic Pathologies: Etiology, Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options

  https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/60/10/1584

  The prevalence of VVA among perimenopausal and postmenopausal women in the general population varies between 36.8% and 81.3%. […] Frequency of VVA among patients treated with AI, TX, or chemotherapy ranges from 19% to 69.7%. […] The prevalence of vaginal toxicity following RT ranges from 30.7% to 91%. […] A major safety concern is the risk of hormone-sensitive cancer recurrence associated with estrogen therapy, which drives a preference for non-hormonal alternatives. […] Higher amenorrhea rates during treatment are linked to older age, positive hormone receptors, TX use, and anthracycline or taxane therapy. […] The risk of vaginal stenosis in RT-treated patients is associated with age over 50, combined chemoradiotherapy, higher radiation doses, external radiotherapy, and cervical adenocarcinoma, an aggressive histological subtype requiring intensified treatment.

• #1 Vaginal Atrophy

  https://gynagyn.com/pages/vaginal-atrophy

  Vaginal atrophy (atrophic vaginitis) is thinning, drying and inflammation of the vaginal walls due to your body having less estrogen. Vaginal atrophy occurs most often after menopause. […] Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) is caused by a decrease in estrogen production. Less estrogen makes your vaginal tissues thinner, drier, less elastic and more fragile. A drop in estrogen levels may occur after menopause, during the years leading up to menopause (peri-menopause) or after surgical removal of both ovaries (surgical menopause). It can be caused by other conditions such as those requiring treatment with anti-estrogen drugs. […] Medications or hormones used to decrease estrogen levels in women, as part of the treatment for breast cancer, endometriosis, fibrosis, or infertility can lead to atrophic vaginitis. Also, radiation treatment to pelvic area or chemotherapy, severe stress, depression, or rigorous exercise can also be causes. Some women develop the condition immediately after childbirth or while breastfeeding, since estrogen levels are lower at these times.

• #1 VAGINAL ATROPHY: Vaginal Dryness, Itching, Pain or Irritation During Menopause

  https://www.allaboutwomenmd.com/knowledge-center/vaginal-atrophy.html

  Vaginal atrophy is caused by a decrease in estrogen, which provides natural lubrication and elasticity to the vaginal walls. […] Vaginal atrophy is a common complaint during and after menopause. Women who smoke, who have never given birth vaginally or who do not engage in sexual activity are more likely to develop vaginal atrophy during this time. […] Women who aren’t experiencing menopause but have had a drop in estrogen levels may also experience the symptoms of vaginal atrophy. A drop in estrogen can occur: During breastfeeding (symptoms usually resolve themselves after the conclusion of breastfeeding), During perimenopause (the years leading up to menopause), After the surgical removal of the ovaries, After chemotherapy, pelvic radiation therapy or hormonal treatments for cancer.

• #1 Atrophic vaginitis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrophic_vaginitis

  Atrophic vaginitis may be caused by tissue thinning, loss of elasticity, and loss of vaginal fluids from low estrogen levels. […] The decrease in estrogen typically occurs following menopause. Other causes may include breastfeeding or using specific medications. […] All of these factors impact estrogen levels and vaginal health, causing an increase in Atrophic vaginitis development. […] Antiestrogen medications may also contribute to the development of atrophic vaginitis. These medications include danazol, nafarelin, and medroxyprogesterone. […] Estrogen is crucial for women’s sexual and urinary health. It supports the tissues in the lower vagina and urinary tracts to keep them thick, elastic, and moist and ensuring good blood flow. […] When estrogen levels drop, this process slows down, leading to thinner vaginal tissue, less moisture, and a less acidic environment. […] Normal menopause and treatments such as chemotherapy or medications may result in loss of estrogen. […] Those with or had a history of breast cancer may be at a higher risk of developing atrophic vaginitis due to chemotherapy and other endocrine treatments.

• #1 Experiencing Vaginal Dryness? Here’s What You Need to Know. | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/womens-health/experts-and-stories/the-latest/experiencing-vaginal-dryness-heres-what-you-need-to-know

  Vaginal dryness can cause irritation, burning, and pain with intercourse. Its common after menopause, and it also can happen in the years leading up to menopause. […] The cause is often low hormone levels related to menopause. After and around the time of menopause, your body makes less estrogen. Estrogen is a hormone that helps maintain the vaginas lubrication, elasticity, and thickness. Low levels of estrogen can cause thinning, drying, and inflammation of vaginal walls. This is called vaginal atrophy. […] But there are other causes too. Low estrogen and vaginal dryness can happen at other times. Estrogen levels can fall after childbirth, with breastfeeding, during cancer treatment, or with anti-estrogen drugs. […] Then there are non-hormonal factors. Cold and allergy medications and some antidepressants can dry out vaginal tissue. Sjgren syndrome, an autoimmune condition that can cause a dry mouth and eyes, also can cause vaginal dryness.

• #1 Vaginal Dryness: Causes and Treatments

  https://bloom-obgyn.com/vaginal-dryness-causes-and-treatments/

  Vaginal dryness, also known as vaginal atrophy, is the lack of moisture in your vagina. […] Decreased estrogen levels are the primary cause of vaginal dryness. This drop occurs when you are menopausal or perimenopausal, during breastfeeding (low estrogen levels help milk production), or while undergoing certain cancer treatments (particularly among breast cancer patients). […] Vaginal dryness also occurs if you smoke, had your ovaries surgically removed, or are taking an anti-estrogen medication. […] Other less common factors can cause vaginal dryness, including: Allergy or cold medications that contain an antihistamine, Some antidepressants, Some immune disorders, Douching, which disrupts the vaginas environment and offsets its chemical balance, Stress and anxiety, Low libido, Certain forms of birth control, End of menstrual cycle, Dehydration.

• #1 What is vaginal atrophy? The condition that affects more than half…

  https://www.caryobgyn.com/what-is-vaginal-atrophy-the-condition-that-affects-more-than-half-of-postmenopausal-people/

  Other risk factors for vaginal atrophy include: […] Smoking, which reduces blood circulation to the vagina. […] Lack of sexual activity, since staying sexually active increases blood flow to the genitals and maintains elastic vaginal tissues. […] No vaginal births. People who have never given birth vaginally are more likely to develop vaginal atrophy than those who have had vaginal deliveries.

• #1 Menopause Vaginal Atrophy: Symptoms and Causes of Vaginal Dryness – Stripes

  https://stripesbeauty.com/blogs/the-body/vaginal-dryness?srsltid=AfmBOooZyzs-BUxdFAVjsd-HXHeJB08Or9ZVjSP4WaVwVq-T4bHc4goM

  So what is vaginal atrophy, anyway? Its a term in dire need of a rebrand, and it happens when the vaginal canal becomes dry, thin, and inflamed. […] Atrophy is characterized by the vaginal tissues becoming thinner, less elastic, and less moist, says Linda M. Nicoll, a New Yorkbased gynecologist and surgeon. This can cause discomfort, especially during sex. Vaginal atrophy may also cause you to see some yellow-ish discharge. […] According to the Mayo Clinic, menopausal women age 50 and over are the most likely to experience vaginal atrophy. Other contributing factors include: Lack of sexual intercourse, Never having had a vaginal birth, Breast cancer treatment, Decreased ovarian function due to chemotherapy or radiation therapy, Immune disorders, Certain medications, Oophorectomy (removal of the ovaries), Postpartum loss of placental estrogen, Smoking.

• #1 Understanding Vaginal Atrophy: Symptoms, Causes, And Treatment Options

  https://vaginal-rejuvenation.clinic/health/understanding-vaginal-atrophy/

  Additionally, other factors such as smoking, lack of sexual activity, and not having vaginal births can increase the risk of vaginal atrophy. Smoking reduces blood circulation to the vagina, while a lack of sexual activity can decrease blood flow to the genitals, both of which can contribute to vaginal atrophy. Women who have never given birth vaginally are also more likely to develop this condition than those who have had vaginal deliveries.

• #1 11 causes of vaginal dryness | Livi

  https://www.livi.co.uk/your-health/causes-of-vaginal-dryness/

  Vaginal dryness has a range of causes, but its often linked to the production of hormones like oestrogen and progesterone. The best treatment for dryness depends on whats causing it, with several different causes: […] During perimenopause and menopause, the body produces less oestrogen. This can cause the mucous membranes in the vagina which are usually moist, elastic and pink to become increasingly dry and pale. Vaginal dryness during menopause is also called vaginal atrophy, explains Dr Rosen. It affects more than 50% of all post-menopausal women. […] Sjgrens syndrome is an autoimmune disease that causes chronic inflammation of the bodys secretion-producing glands, which leads to less secretion production. It can cause a dry mouth, eyes, skin and a dry cough. As a result it can also cause you to have a dry, itchy vagina, Dr Rosen explains. […] High blood sugar levels can cause damage to the bodys small nerves and blood vessels, says Dr Rosen. This can affect the glands in the cervix, resulting in dry mucous membranes.

• #1 Vaginal atrophy: causes, symptoms and treatment | SEID Lab

  https://lab-seid.com/vaginal-atrophy-understanding-a-common-condition-in-women/?lang=en

  In addition to the menopause, other changes, caused by hormonal alterations, have been identified that may contribute to the development of vaginal atrophy. […] Some medications can interfere with hormone levels, increasing the risk of vaginal atrophy. […] Smoking, excessive alcohol consumption and lack of regular sexual activity may influence vaginal health and contribute to an increased risk of developing vaginal atrophy.

• #1 Causes Of Vaginal Atrophy | Gynatrof Vaginal Moisturizer

  https://gynatrof.com/causes-of-vaginal-atrophy/

  The following can all account for a change in estrogen levels: Menopause (most common cause), Lack of sexual activity, Pregnancy or recent childbirth, Post episiotomy, Breastfeeding, Premenopausal periods, Post menstruation, Hysterectomy, Removal of ovaries, Pelvic radiation therapy in women cancer patients, Chemotherapy, Early menopause through cancer treatment, Immune disorders, Oral contraceptives, Coming off Hormone Replacement Therapy, Medications such as anti-depressants, allergy and cold medications, Intolerance to douching products or harsh soaps, Alcohol consumption, Heavy Cigarette smoking, Stress, Anxiety or emotional upsets.

• #1 Diagnosis and Treatment of Atrophic Vaginitis | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2000/0515/p3090.html

  A long-term decrease in estrogen stimulation is generally required before symptoms of atrophic vaginitis arise. […] All atrophic vaginitis symptoms can be exacerbated by a simultaneous infection of candidiasis, trichomoniasis or bacterial vaginosis. […] Because the lack of circulating, natural estrogens is the primary cause of atrophic vaginitis, hormone replacement therapy is the most logical choice of treatment and has proved to be effective in the restoration of anatomy and the resolution of symptoms.

• #1 Vaginal Atrophy: The 21st Century Health Issue Affecting Quality of Life

  https://www.medscape.org/viewarticle/561934

  Vaginal dryness and atrophy is a silent epidemic that affects many women who are undoubtedly suffering in silence. This chronic and progressive medical condition has been estimated to affect up to 50%-60% of postmenopausal women; some healthcare providers believe this estimate is lower than the actual incidence. […] Vaginal dryness due to lowered estrogen levels or hypoestrogenemia can be accompanied by itching, severe burning, discharge, and dyspareunia (painful intercourse). […] Dyspareunia secondary to vaginal atrophy is an important contributor to female sexual dysfunction. […] Vaginal atrophy can be diagnosed with a detailed history and comprehensive physical examination. On physical examination, the vagina is dry, with pale, frail tissue, and lacking the normal mucosal ridges and folds.

• #1 5 Signs of Vaginal Atrophy: Women’s Healthcare of Princeton: Gynecologists

  https://www.princetongyn.com/blog/5-signs-of-vaginal-atrophy

  Vaginal atrophy can occur when the walls of your vagina become thin, dry, and inflamed. Typically, vaginal atrophy may happen during midlife, when perimenopause and menopause cause your body to produce less estrogen. […] Vaginal atrophy is a common cause of orgasmic dysfunction during midlife. […] Another option is hormone therapy. Adding in estrogen can help restore flexibility and moisture to the vagina.

• #1 Vaginal Atrophy – Symptoms, Causes & Treatment – Dr. Deepa Ganesh

  https://deepaganesh.com/vaginal-atrophy-symptoms-causes-treatment/

  Women who never delivered a baby through the vagina are at higher risk of vaginal atrophy. Smoking is another important risk factor. […] Yes, if the dryness of vagina is not taken care, the thin lining of the vagina can break easily providing good entry point for microbes to enter the body and infect the vagina. Due to atrophy, the acidic nature of the vaginal fluids increases and that harbors growth of bacteria, yeast and other microbes leading to vaginal infections. […] 35 to 50% of women who reached menopause stage suffer from vaginal atrophy.

• #1

  https://hellobonafide.com/blogs/news/vaginal-atrophy-treatment

  Unlike the menopausal symptoms of hot flashes and night sweats, which will eventually decrease and cease over time, vaginal changes due to diminished estrogen production during menopause are chronic and progressive, specifically if they are left untreated. […] The medical term for these uncomfortable vaginal symptoms is vaginal atrophy. […] What’s usually going on is that the diminished levels of estrogen that we see during hormone changes of menopause have an effect on the vagina, so that it becomes less elastic, less pliable, more prone to injury, and definitely more delicate during intimacy. […] Women often complain about vaginal dryness, but what’s really going on, on a cellular level, is that things are changing due to lack of estrogen. […] Vaginal atrophy during menopause is something that’s chronic and progressive if it’s not addressed proactively. […] Breast cancer and estrogen blocking treatment dont help along with an earlier menopause than usual.

• #1 Vaginal atrophy | Jean Hailes

  https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/vulva-vagina/vulval-vaginal-conditions/vaginal-atrophy

  You cannot reverse vaginal atrophy, but you can stop it from getting worse by seeking a diagnosis and starting treatment early. Research suggests that MHT eliminates vaginal atrophy symptoms in 75% of cases, while vaginal oestrogen therapy is effective in 80% to 90% of cases. Without treatment, vaginal atrophy may get worse over time.

• #2 Vaginal atrophy – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vaginal-atrophy/symptoms-causes/syc-20352288

  Vaginal atrophy (atrophic vaginitis) is thinning, drying and inflammation of the vaginal walls that may occur when your body has less estrogen. Vaginal atrophy occurs most often after menopause. […] Genitourinary syndrome of menopause is caused by a decrease in estrogen production. Less estrogen makes your vaginal tissues thinner, drier, less elastic and more fragile. […] A drop in estrogen levels may occur: After menopause, During the years leading up to menopause (perimenopause), After surgical removal of both ovaries (surgical menopause), During breast-feeding, While taking medications that can affect estrogen levels, such as some birth control pills, After pelvic radiation therapy for cancer, After chemotherapy for cancer, As a side effect of breast cancer hormonal treatment.

• #2 Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559297/

  Estrogen plays a crucial role in maintaining the normal anatomy and physiology of the urogenital system. Estrogen receptors are present in the vagina, vulva, urethra, and bladder trigone, where they respond to estrogen stimulation by maintaining normal blood flow, tissue thickness, rugosity, elasticity, and moisture of epithelial surfaces. During the reproductive years, the vagina is rich in glycogen, which is converted by the normal flora, lactobacilli, into lactic acid. This process creates an acidic environment in the vagina, with a pH ranging from 3.5 to 5.0, allowing lactobacilli to continue to thrive and protect the vaginal and urinary tracts from infections. After menopause, the quantity of lactobacilli decreases, leading to an increase in the vaginal pH and the development of GSM. […] The condition is primarily caused by decreased estrogen levels in postmenopausal individuals or those of any age who experience reduced estrogenic stimulation of the urogenital tissues. Other causes of GSM include lactation, hypothalamic amenorrhea, and antiestrogen medications used in the treatment of uterine fibroids, endometriosis, and breast cancer.

• #2 Vaginal Atrophy: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

  https://www.apollohospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/everything-you-want-to-know-about-vaginal-atrophy/

  Vaginal atrophy is commonly found in women after menopause. […] In most cases of vaginal atrophy, the estrogen hormone levels drop by almost 85%. […] Low estrogen levels, which is often a part of the natural process of menopause, leads to vaginal atrophy. […] Here are some causes for a drop in estrogen level and vaginal atrophy. […] Menopause and perimenopause (early years before entering menopause) […] Removal of ovaries leads to a failure to produce estrogen […] Medication, especially certain types of birth control pill […] Pelvic radiation therapy […] Cancer therapy / Chemotherapy […] Side effects of hormone treatment after breast cancer.

• #2 Practice Nursing – Vaginal atrophy: what is it and how can it be treated?

  https://www.practicenursing.com/content/clinical-focus/vaginal-atrophy-what-is-it-and-how-can-it-be-treated/

  Vaginal atrophy is a common, chronic and progressive condition that occurs due to oestrogen deficiency. […] It is estimated that vaginal atrophy affects 5080% of post-menopausal women and is caused by oestrogen deficiency […] Vaginal atrophy and lack of lubrication can also occur at any time in a woman’s life and this happens in an estimated 15% of pre-menopausal women, when they are breast feeding, have hypothalamic amenorrhoea, are on the combined oral contraceptive pill, with stress, after chemotherapy and pelvic radiation, and with certain chronic conditions.

• #2 Vaginal Atrophy | Baylor Medicine

  https://www.bcm.edu/healthcare/specialties/obstetrics-and-gynecology/ob-gyn-conditions/vaginal-atrophy

  Vaginal atrophy is when the vaginal walls become thin, dry and inflamed due to a decline in estrogen in a woman’s body, typically brought on by menopause. […] Vaginal atrophy is caused by a loss of estrogen. Less estrogen in the body makes the vaginal walls thinner, drier, less elastic and more fragile. Vaginal atrophy may occur: After menopause, During the years leading up to menopause (perimenopause), During breastfeeding, After surgical removal of both ovaries (surgical menopause), After pelvic radiation therapy for cancer, After chemotherapy for cancer, As a side effect of breast cancer hormonal treatment.

• #2 Vulvovaginal Atrophy

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2800285/

  Vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) is a common and underreported condition associated with decreased estrogenization of the vaginal tissue. […] Vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) is a common condition, especially in postmenopausal women. Vaginal atrophy, atrophic vaginitis, and urogenital atrophy are other terms used to describe this constellation of symptoms associated with decreased estrogenization of the vulvovaginal tissue. […] Vulvovaginal atrophy occurs under conditions of hypoestrogenism. […] Other causes of a hypoestrogenic state include lactation, various breast cancer treatments, and use of certain medications. […] Many surgical, endocrine, and chemotherapeutic treatments for breast cancer can cause or exacerbate VVA. […] Tamoxifen may cause VVA by acting as an estrogen antagonist and blocking the naturally high levels of endogenous estrogen.

• #2 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-Vaginal-Atrophy.aspx

  With age the levels of estrogen fall as the woman reaches the menopause. As the levels of estrogen drop, the inner walls of the vagina turn dry and the cells within it that keep it moist and stretchable become scant and atrophied. This condition is termed as vaginal atrophy or atrophic Vaginitis. […] Vaginal atrophy is most commonly seen after a women reaches menopause. At this time the ovaries reduce the secretion of estrogen. This makes the menstrual cycles become irregular, bleeding scanty and ultimately periods stop completely. […] Estrogen levels fall when ovaries and/or uterus of a woman are removed surgically. This could be before a woman has achieved menopause and this surgery brings about an artificial menopause. […] Certain medications that are used in the treatment of uterine fibroids and endometriosis also reduce the levels of estrogen and may cause vaginal dryness as a side effect.

• #2 What Causes Vulvovaginal Atrophy?: WHASN Sunset Valley: Obstetrics & Gynecology

  https://www.whasnsunsetvalley.com/blog/what-causes-vulvovaginal-atrophy

  As a woman of any age, there are many things that can lead to vaginal burning, itching, rawness, and other forms of discomfort. […] But if youre experiencing some common symptoms along with recurring urinary infections, bleeding, or excessive discomfort after discourse and vaginal dryness, it may be caused by vulvovaginal atrophy. […] Also called vaginal atrophy or atrophic vaginitis, this condition is common after menopause, but it can happen at other points in your life, and understanding what causes it is important to your overall health. […] The primary cause of this condition is a loss of the hormone estrogen which is most common during menopause. However, estrogen can lower for a variety of reasons, including: […] Surgical menopause: when both ovaries are surgically removed […] Pelvic radiation therapy: this treatment can thin vaginal lining […] Hormonal treatments: a possible side effect of various hormonal treatments […] Medications: birth control pills or other estrogen affecting medications. […] Breastfeeding, chemotherapy, and all of the stages of menopause can increase the chances of this condition. Hormonal changes throughout your life will affect your chances of getting conditions like vulvovaginal atrophy, but most non-menopausal causes are likely temporary.

• #2 Vulvovaginal Atrophy Following Treatment for Oncogynecologic Pathologies: Etiology, Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options

  https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/60/10/1584

  The prevalence of VVA among perimenopausal and postmenopausal women in the general population varies between 36.8% and 81.3%. […] Frequency of VVA among patients treated with AI, TX, or chemotherapy ranges from 19% to 69.7%. […] The prevalence of vaginal toxicity following RT ranges from 30.7% to 91%. […] A major safety concern is the risk of hormone-sensitive cancer recurrence associated with estrogen therapy, which drives a preference for non-hormonal alternatives. […] Higher amenorrhea rates during treatment are linked to older age, positive hormone receptors, TX use, and anthracycline or taxane therapy. […] The risk of vaginal stenosis in RT-treated patients is associated with age over 50, combined chemoradiotherapy, higher radiation doses, external radiotherapy, and cervical adenocarcinoma, an aggressive histological subtype requiring intensified treatment.

• #2 What is vaginal atrophy? The condition that affects more than half…

  https://www.caryobgyn.com/what-is-vaginal-atrophy-the-condition-that-affects-more-than-half-of-postmenopausal-people/

  Vaginal atrophy is caused by a reduction in the hormone estrogen, says Huong Nghiem-Eilbeck, MD, an OB-GYN with AltaMed Health Services. Estrogen helps maintain the vagina’s elasticity, thickness, lubrication, and pH balance. […] This explains why menopause is the leading cause of vaginal atrophy, since during this period you produce less estrogen, Nghiem-Eibrek says. […] However, a drop in estrogen that can lead to vaginal atrophy may also be due to: […] Removal of both ovaries (oophorectomy), since estrogen is primarily produced in the ovaries. […] Breast cancer treatment, which may include anti-estrogen medications. […] Childbirth, which results in a drop in estrogen. In fact, a 2018 study of postpartum women found 43% reported vaginal dryness six months after giving birth. […] Breastfeeding, which also reduces estrogen levels. This is because the hormone prolactin that causes lactation can also reduce estrogen levels.

• #2 Understanding Vaginal Atrophy: Symptoms, Causes, And Treatment Options

  https://vaginal-rejuvenation.clinic/health/understanding-vaginal-atrophy/

  Numerous women suffer from vaginal atrophy, especially as they approach menopause. […] A reduction in estrogen levels in the body is the cause of vaginal atrophy. This decline may be caused by natural aging, menopause, or other medical problems that influence estrogen levels. These are some of the most frequent reasons of vaginal atrophy: Menopause, Chemotherapy or radiation therapy, Hysterectomy, Surgical removal of the ovaries, Certain pharmaceuticals. […] Vaginal atrophy can also be caused by a drop in estrogen levels, which can be a result of several factors including: Oophorectomy: The removal of both ovaries, where estrogen is primarily produced, can lead to a decrease in estrogen levels. Breast cancer treatment: Anti-estrogen medications used during breast cancer treatment may also cause a drop in estrogen levels. Childbirth: A 2018 study found that 43% of postpartum women reported experiencing vaginal dryness six months after giving birth, due to the drop in estrogen levels that occurs during childbirth. Breastfeeding: The hormone prolactin, which is responsible for lactation, can also reduce estrogen levels, leading to vaginal atrophy.

• #2 Diagnosis and Treatment of Atrophic Vaginitis | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2000/0515/p3090.html

  Up to 40 percent of postmenopausal women have symptoms of atrophic vaginitis. Because the condition is attributable to estrogen deficiency, it may occur in pre-menopausal women who take antiestrogenic medications or who have medical or surgical conditions that result in decreased levels of estrogen. […] Menopause is the leading cause of decreased levels of circulating estrogen; therefore, it is the etiology in almost all cases of atrophic vaginitis. In nonmenopausal women, production of ovarian estrogen can be interrupted by radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunologic disorders and oophorectomy. […] Side effects of antiestrogen medications, including medroxyprogesterone (Provera), tamoxifen (Nolvadex), danazol (Danocrine), leuprolide (Lupron) and nafarelin (Synarel), are also implicated as causes of atrophic vaginitis.

• #2 Vulvovaginal Atrophy

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2800285/

  Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are prescribed as adjuvant systemic therapy to women with ER+ breast cancer. […] Chemotherapeutic agents used in the treatment of breast cancer can also cause VVA because of chemotherapy-induced ovarian failure. […] Premenopausal women account for 25% of all diagnosed breast cancer cases and are more likely to need systemic chemotherapy. […] The risk of permanent chemotherapy-induced ovarian failure is more common in women older than 40 years than in those younger than 40 years. […] Whether breast cancer survivors with VVA can be safely treated with low-dose vaginal estrogens remains controversial.

• #2 Vaginal atrophy: Natural remedies, causes, and treatments

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/315089

  Vaginal atrophy can occur at any age, although one main cause is reduced estrogen production in the ovaries during menopause. […] Estrogen is the hormone responsible for female sexual development and menstrual regularity. It helps promote bone and skin health and supports other tissues in the body. Estrogen can also influence brain activity and mood. […] People experiencing perimenopause, alongside other medical conditions that reduce the levels of estrogen in the body, can also develop vaginal atrophy. […] The following factors can reduce estrogen levels: certain types of birth control, including the contraceptive injection and the combined pill; a lack of arousal before intercourse leading to nonproduction of natural lubricant; nursing or childbirth; hormonal cancer treatments, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy to the pelvic area; diabetes; Sjgren disease, in which the immune system attacks fluid-producing glands in the body.

• #2 What Is Vaginal Atrophy?

  https://www.webmd.com/menopause/vaginal-atrophy

  Vaginal atrophy is when the walls of your vagina get thin, dry, and inflamed. This can happen when your body makes less estrogen, such as during and after menopause. […] The cause of vaginal atrophy is a drop in estrogen levels. At menopause, a woman’s estrogen levels can fall by about 85%. […] Menopause is the most common reason for GSM, but estrogen levels can also go down because of: Breastfeeding, Anti-estrogen medications, Some birth control pills, Surgery to remove both ovaries, Chemotherapy, Pelvic radiation therapy, Hormone treatment.

• #2 Vaginal atrophy (atrophic vaginitis) Guide: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Options

  https://www.drugs.com/health-guide/vaginal-atrophy-atrophic-vaginitis.html

  Vaginal atrophy is a change of the vagina that develops when there is a significant decrease in levels of the female hormone estrogen. The condition also is called atrophic vaginitis. […] Common conditions with low estrogen levels that cause vaginal atrophy include: menopause, when normal, age-related body changes cause the ovaries to decrease their production of estrogen; surgical removal of the ovaries before the age of natural menopause, which can be done at the same time as a hysterectomy (removal of the uterus); treatment with medications used to decrease estrogen levels in women who have conditions such as uterine fibroids or endometriosis; premature menopause, which occurs before age 40, a younger age than is considered normal for the average woman; breastfeeding. […] The condition will continue until it is treated or estrogen levels return to normal.

• #2 What is vaginal atrophy? The condition that affects more than half…

  https://www.caryobgyn.com/what-is-vaginal-atrophy-the-condition-that-affects-more-than-half-of-postmenopausal-people/

  Other risk factors for vaginal atrophy include: […] Smoking, which reduces blood circulation to the vagina. […] Lack of sexual activity, since staying sexually active increases blood flow to the genitals and maintains elastic vaginal tissues. […] No vaginal births. People who have never given birth vaginally are more likely to develop vaginal atrophy than those who have had vaginal deliveries.

• #2 Menopause Vaginal Atrophy: Symptoms and Causes of Vaginal Dryness – Stripes

  https://stripesbeauty.com/blogs/the-body/vaginal-dryness?srsltid=AfmBOooZyzs-BUxdFAVjsd-HXHeJB08Or9ZVjSP4WaVwVq-T4bHc4goM

  So what is vaginal atrophy, anyway? Its a term in dire need of a rebrand, and it happens when the vaginal canal becomes dry, thin, and inflamed. […] Atrophy is characterized by the vaginal tissues becoming thinner, less elastic, and less moist, says Linda M. Nicoll, a New Yorkbased gynecologist and surgeon. This can cause discomfort, especially during sex. Vaginal atrophy may also cause you to see some yellow-ish discharge. […] According to the Mayo Clinic, menopausal women age 50 and over are the most likely to experience vaginal atrophy. Other contributing factors include: Lack of sexual intercourse, Never having had a vaginal birth, Breast cancer treatment, Decreased ovarian function due to chemotherapy or radiation therapy, Immune disorders, Certain medications, Oophorectomy (removal of the ovaries), Postpartum loss of placental estrogen, Smoking.

• #2 Experiencing Vaginal Dryness? Here’s What You Need to Know. | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/womens-health/experts-and-stories/the-latest/experiencing-vaginal-dryness-heres-what-you-need-to-know

  Vaginal dryness can cause irritation, burning, and pain with intercourse. Its common after menopause, and it also can happen in the years leading up to menopause. […] The cause is often low hormone levels related to menopause. After and around the time of menopause, your body makes less estrogen. Estrogen is a hormone that helps maintain the vaginas lubrication, elasticity, and thickness. Low levels of estrogen can cause thinning, drying, and inflammation of vaginal walls. This is called vaginal atrophy. […] But there are other causes too. Low estrogen and vaginal dryness can happen at other times. Estrogen levels can fall after childbirth, with breastfeeding, during cancer treatment, or with anti-estrogen drugs. […] Then there are non-hormonal factors. Cold and allergy medications and some antidepressants can dry out vaginal tissue. Sjgren syndrome, an autoimmune condition that can cause a dry mouth and eyes, also can cause vaginal dryness.

• #2 Vaginal Dryness: Causes and Treatments

  https://bloom-obgyn.com/vaginal-dryness-causes-and-treatments/

  Vaginal dryness, also known as vaginal atrophy, is the lack of moisture in your vagina. […] Decreased estrogen levels are the primary cause of vaginal dryness. This drop occurs when you are menopausal or perimenopausal, during breastfeeding (low estrogen levels help milk production), or while undergoing certain cancer treatments (particularly among breast cancer patients). […] Vaginal dryness also occurs if you smoke, had your ovaries surgically removed, or are taking an anti-estrogen medication. […] Other less common factors can cause vaginal dryness, including: Allergy or cold medications that contain an antihistamine, Some antidepressants, Some immune disorders, Douching, which disrupts the vaginas environment and offsets its chemical balance, Stress and anxiety, Low libido, Certain forms of birth control, End of menstrual cycle, Dehydration.

• #2 Vaginal Atrophy: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15500-vaginal-atrophy

  Women in menopause are the most likely to experience vaginal atrophy because their body naturally produces less estrogen. However, other factors can decrease estrogen levels and lead to vaginal atrophy. […] Vaginal atrophy can affect your quality of life and your relationship with your partner(s). There are physical and emotional side effects of GSM. Physical symptoms like pain, burning, itching and leaking pee can disrupt all areas of your life. Emotional side effects are just as complicated as the physical side effects. […] Vaginal atrophy can’t be cured, but you don’t have to live with the discomfort. With proper diagnosis and treatment, the symptoms can be managed. […] Yes, it can. That’s why prompt treatment is important. The sooner you get treatment, the less likely it is that your vaginal atrophy will worsen. For example, the longer you go without estrogen, the dryer your vagina will become. Without treatment, your vaginal atrophy may get worse.

• #2 Diagnosis and Treatment of Atrophic Vaginitis | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2000/0515/p3090.html

  A long-term decrease in estrogen stimulation is generally required before symptoms of atrophic vaginitis arise. […] All atrophic vaginitis symptoms can be exacerbated by a simultaneous infection of candidiasis, trichomoniasis or bacterial vaginosis. […] Because the lack of circulating, natural estrogens is the primary cause of atrophic vaginitis, hormone replacement therapy is the most logical choice of treatment and has proved to be effective in the restoration of anatomy and the resolution of symptoms.

• #2 Causes Of Vaginal Atrophy | Gynatrof Vaginal Moisturizer

  https://gynatrof.com/causes-of-vaginal-atrophy/

  Vaginal tissue is kept moist, elastic and comfortable by lubrication which is naturally created by glands at the neck of the womb, and governed by the body’s production of estrogen. When the ovaries’ production of estrogen is disrupted, which can happen for a number of reasons, vaginal tissue becomes dry, thin, and less elastic which lends itself to being more fragile and may tear and/or bleed. […] This thinned endometrium and increased vaginal pH level, induced by estrogen deficiency, predisposes your vagina and urinary tract to infection and mechanical weakness. This often results in debilitating discomfort such as itching and burning, increased vaginal infections, and pain during sexual activity. […] Menopausal women are not the only ones who experience vaginal atrophy. Women of any age who have low estrogen levels may have symptoms. For women who are experiencing vaginal dryness but are certainly not menopausal, there are many other possible causes of vaginal atrophy.

• #2 Vaginal Atrophy: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15500-vaginal-atrophy

  Vaginal atrophy is a condition where the lining of your vagina gets drier and thinner. This results in itching, burning and pain during sex, among other symptoms. The condition also includes urinary tract problems such as urinary tract infections (UTIs) and urinary incontinence. […] Vaginal atrophy most often occurs during perimenopause and menopause when your ovaries produce less estrogen. It can occur when your estrogen levels decrease due to cancer treatment or having your ovaries removed. […] During menopause, your body makes less estrogen. Without estrogen, the lining of your vagina can become thinner and less stretchy. Your vaginal canal can also narrow and shorten. Less estrogen also lowers the amount of normal vaginal fluids and changes the acid balance in your vagina. All of these factors make your vaginal tissue more delicate and more likely to become irritated.

• #2 Vaginal atrophy | Jean Hailes

  https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/vulva-vagina/vulval-vaginal-conditions/vaginal-atrophy

  Vaginal atrophy (or vulvovaginal atrophy) is the thinning of your vaginal lining and vulval skin, caused by a drop in oestrogen levels around the time of menopause. […] The vagina, and other tissues in the pelvis, need oestrogen to stay healthy. When oestrogen levels drop (around the time of menopause), the tissues become drier, thinner and more fragile. This can increase the risk of irritation and UTIs. […] Oestrogen levels may also decrease due to: breastfeeding, medicine that stops or reduces oestrogen levels (e.g. oral contraceptives), the surgical removal of both ovaries (surgical menopause), pelvic radiation therapy for cancer, chemotherapy, hormonal breast cancer treatment. […] Women over 50 years of age or women who have gone through menopause are most likely to develop vaginal atrophy. But other factors can increase your risk.

• #2 Vaginal atrophy | Jean Hailes

  https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/vulva-vagina/vulval-vaginal-conditions/vaginal-atrophy

  You cannot reverse vaginal atrophy, but you can stop it from getting worse by seeking a diagnosis and starting treatment early. Research suggests that MHT eliminates vaginal atrophy symptoms in 75% of cases, while vaginal oestrogen therapy is effective in 80% to 90% of cases. Without treatment, vaginal atrophy may get worse over time.

• #3 Vaginal Atrophy: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15500-vaginal-atrophy

  Vaginal atrophy is a condition where the lining of your vagina gets drier and thinner. This results in itching, burning and pain during sex, among other symptoms. The condition also includes urinary tract problems such as urinary tract infections (UTIs) and urinary incontinence. […] Vaginal atrophy most often occurs during perimenopause and menopause when your ovaries produce less estrogen. It can occur when your estrogen levels decrease due to cancer treatment or having your ovaries removed. […] During menopause, your body makes less estrogen. Without estrogen, the lining of your vagina can become thinner and less stretchy. Your vaginal canal can also narrow and shorten. Less estrogen also lowers the amount of normal vaginal fluids and changes the acid balance in your vagina. All of these factors make your vaginal tissue more delicate and more likely to become irritated.

• #3 Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559297/

  Estrogen plays a crucial role in maintaining the normal anatomy and physiology of the urogenital system. Estrogen receptors are present in the vagina, vulva, urethra, and bladder trigone, where they respond to estrogen stimulation by maintaining normal blood flow, tissue thickness, rugosity, elasticity, and moisture of epithelial surfaces. During the reproductive years, the vagina is rich in glycogen, which is converted by the normal flora, lactobacilli, into lactic acid. This process creates an acidic environment in the vagina, with a pH ranging from 3.5 to 5.0, allowing lactobacilli to continue to thrive and protect the vaginal and urinary tracts from infections. After menopause, the quantity of lactobacilli decreases, leading to an increase in the vaginal pH and the development of GSM. […] The condition is primarily caused by decreased estrogen levels in postmenopausal individuals or those of any age who experience reduced estrogenic stimulation of the urogenital tissues. Other causes of GSM include lactation, hypothalamic amenorrhea, and antiestrogen medications used in the treatment of uterine fibroids, endometriosis, and breast cancer.

• #3 Vulvovaginal Atrophy

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2800285/

  Vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) is a common and underreported condition associated with decreased estrogenization of the vaginal tissue. […] Vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) is a common condition, especially in postmenopausal women. Vaginal atrophy, atrophic vaginitis, and urogenital atrophy are other terms used to describe this constellation of symptoms associated with decreased estrogenization of the vulvovaginal tissue. […] Vulvovaginal atrophy occurs under conditions of hypoestrogenism. […] Other causes of a hypoestrogenic state include lactation, various breast cancer treatments, and use of certain medications. […] Many surgical, endocrine, and chemotherapeutic treatments for breast cancer can cause or exacerbate VVA. […] Tamoxifen may cause VVA by acting as an estrogen antagonist and blocking the naturally high levels of endogenous estrogen.

• #3 What Causes Vulvovaginal Atrophy?: WHASN Sunset Valley: Obstetrics & Gynecology

  https://www.whasnsunsetvalley.com/blog/what-causes-vulvovaginal-atrophy

  As a woman of any age, there are many things that can lead to vaginal burning, itching, rawness, and other forms of discomfort. […] But if youre experiencing some common symptoms along with recurring urinary infections, bleeding, or excessive discomfort after discourse and vaginal dryness, it may be caused by vulvovaginal atrophy. […] Also called vaginal atrophy or atrophic vaginitis, this condition is common after menopause, but it can happen at other points in your life, and understanding what causes it is important to your overall health. […] The primary cause of this condition is a loss of the hormone estrogen which is most common during menopause. However, estrogen can lower for a variety of reasons, including: […] Surgical menopause: when both ovaries are surgically removed […] Pelvic radiation therapy: this treatment can thin vaginal lining […] Hormonal treatments: a possible side effect of various hormonal treatments […] Medications: birth control pills or other estrogen affecting medications. […] Breastfeeding, chemotherapy, and all of the stages of menopause can increase the chances of this condition. Hormonal changes throughout your life will affect your chances of getting conditions like vulvovaginal atrophy, but most non-menopausal causes are likely temporary.

• #3 Vaginal atrophy – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vaginal-atrophy/symptoms-causes/syc-20352288

  Vaginal atrophy (atrophic vaginitis) is thinning, drying and inflammation of the vaginal walls that may occur when your body has less estrogen. Vaginal atrophy occurs most often after menopause. […] Genitourinary syndrome of menopause is caused by a decrease in estrogen production. Less estrogen makes your vaginal tissues thinner, drier, less elastic and more fragile. […] A drop in estrogen levels may occur: After menopause, During the years leading up to menopause (perimenopause), After surgical removal of both ovaries (surgical menopause), During breast-feeding, While taking medications that can affect estrogen levels, such as some birth control pills, After pelvic radiation therapy for cancer, After chemotherapy for cancer, As a side effect of breast cancer hormonal treatment.

• #3 Vaginal Atrophy | Baylor Medicine

  https://www.bcm.edu/healthcare/specialties/obstetrics-and-gynecology/ob-gyn-conditions/vaginal-atrophy

  Vaginal atrophy is when the vaginal walls become thin, dry and inflamed due to a decline in estrogen in a woman’s body, typically brought on by menopause. […] Vaginal atrophy is caused by a loss of estrogen. Less estrogen in the body makes the vaginal walls thinner, drier, less elastic and more fragile. Vaginal atrophy may occur: After menopause, During the years leading up to menopause (perimenopause), During breastfeeding, After surgical removal of both ovaries (surgical menopause), After pelvic radiation therapy for cancer, After chemotherapy for cancer, As a side effect of breast cancer hormonal treatment.

• #3 Diagnosis and Treatment of Atrophic Vaginitis | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2000/0515/p3090.html

  Up to 40 percent of postmenopausal women have symptoms of atrophic vaginitis. Because the condition is attributable to estrogen deficiency, it may occur in pre-menopausal women who take antiestrogenic medications or who have medical or surgical conditions that result in decreased levels of estrogen. […] Menopause is the leading cause of decreased levels of circulating estrogen; therefore, it is the etiology in almost all cases of atrophic vaginitis. In nonmenopausal women, production of ovarian estrogen can be interrupted by radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunologic disorders and oophorectomy. […] Side effects of antiestrogen medications, including medroxyprogesterone (Provera), tamoxifen (Nolvadex), danazol (Danocrine), leuprolide (Lupron) and nafarelin (Synarel), are also implicated as causes of atrophic vaginitis.

• #3 What is vaginal atrophy? The condition that affects more than half…

  https://www.caryobgyn.com/what-is-vaginal-atrophy-the-condition-that-affects-more-than-half-of-postmenopausal-people/

  Other risk factors for vaginal atrophy include: […] Smoking, which reduces blood circulation to the vagina. […] Lack of sexual activity, since staying sexually active increases blood flow to the genitals and maintains elastic vaginal tissues. […] No vaginal births. People who have never given birth vaginally are more likely to develop vaginal atrophy than those who have had vaginal deliveries.

• #3 Vaginal atrophy: Natural remedies, causes, and treatments

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/315089

  Vaginal atrophy can occur at any age, although one main cause is reduced estrogen production in the ovaries during menopause. […] Estrogen is the hormone responsible for female sexual development and menstrual regularity. It helps promote bone and skin health and supports other tissues in the body. Estrogen can also influence brain activity and mood. […] People experiencing perimenopause, alongside other medical conditions that reduce the levels of estrogen in the body, can also develop vaginal atrophy. […] The following factors can reduce estrogen levels: certain types of birth control, including the contraceptive injection and the combined pill; a lack of arousal before intercourse leading to nonproduction of natural lubricant; nursing or childbirth; hormonal cancer treatments, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy to the pelvic area; diabetes; Sjgren disease, in which the immune system attacks fluid-producing glands in the body.

• #3 Vaginal atrophy (atrophic vaginitis) Guide: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Options

  https://www.drugs.com/health-guide/vaginal-atrophy-atrophic-vaginitis.html

  Vaginal atrophy is a change of the vagina that develops when there is a significant decrease in levels of the female hormone estrogen. The condition also is called atrophic vaginitis. […] Common conditions with low estrogen levels that cause vaginal atrophy include: menopause, when normal, age-related body changes cause the ovaries to decrease their production of estrogen; surgical removal of the ovaries before the age of natural menopause, which can be done at the same time as a hysterectomy (removal of the uterus); treatment with medications used to decrease estrogen levels in women who have conditions such as uterine fibroids or endometriosis; premature menopause, which occurs before age 40, a younger age than is considered normal for the average woman; breastfeeding. […] The condition will continue until it is treated or estrogen levels return to normal.

• #3 Vaginal Atrophy: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15500-vaginal-atrophy

  Women in menopause are the most likely to experience vaginal atrophy because their body naturally produces less estrogen. However, other factors can decrease estrogen levels and lead to vaginal atrophy. […] Vaginal atrophy can affect your quality of life and your relationship with your partner(s). There are physical and emotional side effects of GSM. Physical symptoms like pain, burning, itching and leaking pee can disrupt all areas of your life. Emotional side effects are just as complicated as the physical side effects. […] Vaginal atrophy can’t be cured, but you don’t have to live with the discomfort. With proper diagnosis and treatment, the symptoms can be managed. […] Yes, it can. That’s why prompt treatment is important. The sooner you get treatment, the less likely it is that your vaginal atrophy will worsen. For example, the longer you go without estrogen, the dryer your vagina will become. Without treatment, your vaginal atrophy may get worse.

• #4 Vulvovaginal Atrophy

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2800285/

  Vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) is a common and underreported condition associated with decreased estrogenization of the vaginal tissue. […] Vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) is a common condition, especially in postmenopausal women. Vaginal atrophy, atrophic vaginitis, and urogenital atrophy are other terms used to describe this constellation of symptoms associated with decreased estrogenization of the vulvovaginal tissue. […] Vulvovaginal atrophy occurs under conditions of hypoestrogenism. […] Other causes of a hypoestrogenic state include lactation, various breast cancer treatments, and use of certain medications. […] Many surgical, endocrine, and chemotherapeutic treatments for breast cancer can cause or exacerbate VVA. […] Tamoxifen may cause VVA by acting as an estrogen antagonist and blocking the naturally high levels of endogenous estrogen.

• #4 Vaginal Atrophy: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15500-vaginal-atrophy

  Women in menopause are the most likely to experience vaginal atrophy because their body naturally produces less estrogen. However, other factors can decrease estrogen levels and lead to vaginal atrophy. […] Vaginal atrophy can affect your quality of life and your relationship with your partner(s). There are physical and emotional side effects of GSM. Physical symptoms like pain, burning, itching and leaking pee can disrupt all areas of your life. Emotional side effects are just as complicated as the physical side effects. […] Vaginal atrophy can’t be cured, but you don’t have to live with the discomfort. With proper diagnosis and treatment, the symptoms can be managed. […] Yes, it can. That’s why prompt treatment is important. The sooner you get treatment, the less likely it is that your vaginal atrophy will worsen. For example, the longer you go without estrogen, the dryer your vagina will become. Without treatment, your vaginal atrophy may get worse.

• #4 Vaginal atrophy – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vaginal-atrophy/symptoms-causes/syc-20352288

  Vaginal atrophy (atrophic vaginitis) is thinning, drying and inflammation of the vaginal walls that may occur when your body has less estrogen. Vaginal atrophy occurs most often after menopause. […] Genitourinary syndrome of menopause is caused by a decrease in estrogen production. Less estrogen makes your vaginal tissues thinner, drier, less elastic and more fragile. […] A drop in estrogen levels may occur: After menopause, During the years leading up to menopause (perimenopause), After surgical removal of both ovaries (surgical menopause), During breast-feeding, While taking medications that can affect estrogen levels, such as some birth control pills, After pelvic radiation therapy for cancer, After chemotherapy for cancer, As a side effect of breast cancer hormonal treatment.

• #4 Vaginal Atrophy | Baylor Medicine

  https://www.bcm.edu/healthcare/specialties/obstetrics-and-gynecology/ob-gyn-conditions/vaginal-atrophy

  Vaginal atrophy is when the vaginal walls become thin, dry and inflamed due to a decline in estrogen in a woman’s body, typically brought on by menopause. […] Vaginal atrophy is caused by a loss of estrogen. Less estrogen in the body makes the vaginal walls thinner, drier, less elastic and more fragile. Vaginal atrophy may occur: After menopause, During the years leading up to menopause (perimenopause), During breastfeeding, After surgical removal of both ovaries (surgical menopause), After pelvic radiation therapy for cancer, After chemotherapy for cancer, As a side effect of breast cancer hormonal treatment.

• #4 Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559297/

  Estrogen plays a crucial role in maintaining the normal anatomy and physiology of the urogenital system. Estrogen receptors are present in the vagina, vulva, urethra, and bladder trigone, where they respond to estrogen stimulation by maintaining normal blood flow, tissue thickness, rugosity, elasticity, and moisture of epithelial surfaces. During the reproductive years, the vagina is rich in glycogen, which is converted by the normal flora, lactobacilli, into lactic acid. This process creates an acidic environment in the vagina, with a pH ranging from 3.5 to 5.0, allowing lactobacilli to continue to thrive and protect the vaginal and urinary tracts from infections. After menopause, the quantity of lactobacilli decreases, leading to an increase in the vaginal pH and the development of GSM. […] The condition is primarily caused by decreased estrogen levels in postmenopausal individuals or those of any age who experience reduced estrogenic stimulation of the urogenital tissues. Other causes of GSM include lactation, hypothalamic amenorrhea, and antiestrogen medications used in the treatment of uterine fibroids, endometriosis, and breast cancer.

• #5 Vulvovaginal Atrophy

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2800285/

  Vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) is a common and underreported condition associated with decreased estrogenization of the vaginal tissue. […] Vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) is a common condition, especially in postmenopausal women. Vaginal atrophy, atrophic vaginitis, and urogenital atrophy are other terms used to describe this constellation of symptoms associated with decreased estrogenization of the vulvovaginal tissue. […] Vulvovaginal atrophy occurs under conditions of hypoestrogenism. […] Other causes of a hypoestrogenic state include lactation, various breast cancer treatments, and use of certain medications. […] Many surgical, endocrine, and chemotherapeutic treatments for breast cancer can cause or exacerbate VVA. […] Tamoxifen may cause VVA by acting as an estrogen antagonist and blocking the naturally high levels of endogenous estrogen.

• #5 Vaginal Atrophy: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15500-vaginal-atrophy

  Women in menopause are the most likely to experience vaginal atrophy because their body naturally produces less estrogen. However, other factors can decrease estrogen levels and lead to vaginal atrophy. […] Vaginal atrophy can affect your quality of life and your relationship with your partner(s). There are physical and emotional side effects of GSM. Physical symptoms like pain, burning, itching and leaking pee can disrupt all areas of your life. Emotional side effects are just as complicated as the physical side effects. […] Vaginal atrophy can’t be cured, but you don’t have to live with the discomfort. With proper diagnosis and treatment, the symptoms can be managed. […] Yes, it can. That’s why prompt treatment is important. The sooner you get treatment, the less likely it is that your vaginal atrophy will worsen. For example, the longer you go without estrogen, the dryer your vagina will become. Without treatment, your vaginal atrophy may get worse.

• #6 Vaginal Atrophy: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15500-vaginal-atrophy

  Women in menopause are the most likely to experience vaginal atrophy because their body naturally produces less estrogen. However, other factors can decrease estrogen levels and lead to vaginal atrophy. […] Vaginal atrophy can affect your quality of life and your relationship with your partner(s). There are physical and emotional side effects of GSM. Physical symptoms like pain, burning, itching and leaking pee can disrupt all areas of your life. Emotional side effects are just as complicated as the physical side effects. […] Vaginal atrophy can’t be cured, but you don’t have to live with the discomfort. With proper diagnosis and treatment, the symptoms can be managed. […] Yes, it can. That’s why prompt treatment is important. The sooner you get treatment, the less likely it is that your vaginal atrophy will worsen. For example, the longer you go without estrogen, the dryer your vagina will become. Without treatment, your vaginal atrophy may get worse.

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