Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Vaginal atrophy – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vaginal-atrophy/symptoms-causes/syc-20352288

  Vaginal atrophy (atrophic vaginitis) is thinning, drying and inflammation of the vaginal walls that may occur when your body has less estrogen. Vaginal atrophy occurs most often after menopause. […] For many women, vaginal atrophy not only makes intercourse painful but also leads to distressing urinary symptoms. […] Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) signs and symptoms may include: Vaginal dryness, Vaginal burning, Vaginal discharge, Genital itching, Burning with urination, Urgency with urination, Frequent urination, Recurrent urinary tract infections, Urinary incontinence, Light bleeding after intercourse, Discomfort with intercourse, Decreased vaginal lubrication during sexual activity, Shortening and tightening of the vaginal canal. […] GSM signs and symptoms may begin to bother you during the years leading up to menopause, or they may not become a problem until several years into menopause. […] Regular sexual activity, with or without a partner, can help you maintain healthy vaginal tissues.

• #2 Vaginal Atrophy: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15500-vaginal-atrophy

  The genitourinary syndrome of menopause (vaginal atrophy or atrophic vaginitis) frequently affects women transitioning to menopause. Its a condition where the lining of your vagina gets drier and thinner from a lack of estrogen. Burning, itching, spotting and pain with sex are common symptoms, as are frequent urination and urinary tract infections. […] Vaginal atrophy is a condition where the lining of your vagina gets drier and thinner. This results in itching, burning and pain during sex, among other symptoms. The condition also includes urinary tract problems such as urinary tract infections (UTIs) and urinary incontinence. […] Vaginal atrophy most often occurs during perimenopause and menopause when your ovaries produce less estrogen. It can occur when your estrogen levels decrease due to cancer treatment or having your ovaries removed. You may experience many uncomfortable symptoms when hormone levels decrease. These symptoms can disrupt your quality of life.

• #3 Mayo Clinic Q and A: Managing the symptoms of vaginal atrophy – Mayo Clinic News Network

  https://newsnetwork.mayoclinic.org/discussion/mayo-clinic-q-and-a-managing-the-symptoms-of-vaginal-atrophy/

  Vaginal atrophy — a thinning, drying and sometimes inflammation of the vaginal walls — is one of the most common challenges women face after menopause. It’s believed that atrophy of vaginal tissues affects up to half of these women

• #4 Vaginal atrophy | Jean Hailes

  https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/vulva-vagina/vulval-vaginal-conditions/vaginal-atrophy

  Vaginal atrophy affects about 40% of postmenopausal women and the risk increases with age. […] Symptoms include: vaginal dryness, painful sex (dyspareunia), reduced vaginal lubrication during sex, burning and itching in the vagina, vulval irritation, especially when wearing tight pants or Lycra, smelly vaginal discharge (sometimes mistaken for thrush), shortening and tightening of the vagina, pale and thin labia (lips) and vagina, reduced pubic hair, spotting or light bleeding, including after sex if this happens, see your doctor straight away. […] Urinary symptoms include: frequent or urgent need to wee, pain or burning sensation when weeing, wee-ing more often than usual, including at night, blood in your wee, wee leakage (urinary incontinence), recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs).

• #5 Vaginal Atrophy (Atrophic Vaginitis) – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/a_to_z/vaginal-atrophy-atrophic-vaginitis-a-to-z

  Vaginal atrophy is a change of the vagina that develops when there is a significant decrease in levels of the female hormone estrogen. The condition also is called atrophic vaginitis. […] When levels of estrogen are low, vaginal tissue tends to become atrophic thin, dry and shrunken. The vagina is then more prone to inflammation in an atrophic state. […] Vaginal atrophy typically develops so slowly that a woman may not notice any symptoms until five to ten years after menopause begins. […] Common signs of vaginal atrophy include: vaginal dryness, vaginal itch or a burning sensation, painful sexual intercourse, light bleeding after intercourse. […] The condition will continue until it is treated or estrogen levels return to normal. […] In most people, the outlook is excellent.

• #6 Vaginal Atrophy: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15500-vaginal-atrophy

  At least half of women who enter menopause show signs and symptoms of genitourinary syndrome of menopause. Vaginal dryness is typically the first indication that you’re developing vaginal atrophy. […] The tissue that lines the wall of your vagina becomes thin, dry and inflamed when you have vaginal atrophy. Often, the first sign is less lubrication (dryness), which you may notice during sex. Other symptoms of genitourinary syndrome of menopause include: Burning and/or itching in your vagina. Dyspareunia (pain during sex). Unusual vaginal discharge (usually a yellow color). Spotting or bleeding, especially during sex. Vulvar itching (itching around your external genitals). […] It can also affect your urinary system and cause symptoms like: Frequent urinary tract infections (UTIs). Being unable to hold your pee (incontinence). Peeing more than usual. Painful urination (dysuria). Blood in your pee (hematuria). Burning feeling when you pee.

• #7 Vulvovaginal Atrophy

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2800285/

  Vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) is a common and underreported condition associated with decreased estrogenization of the vaginal tissue. Symptoms include dryness, irritation, soreness, and dyspareunia with urinary frequency, urgency, and urge incontinence. […] Common symptoms include vaginal dryness, irritation, postcoital bleeding, and soreness. These symptoms may be associated with vaginal discharge and dyspareunia. Urinary symptoms associated with VVA include frequency, urgency, and urge incontinence. […] The initial symptom is often lack of lubrication during intercourse. Eventually, persistent vaginal dryness may occur. Thinning of the epithelial lining may also cause pruritus, soreness, and a stinging pain in the vaginal and vulvar area, which, in turn, may further contribute to dyspareunia. Vaginal spotting, due to small tears in the vaginal epithelium, may also occur. Women with VVA may report a thin yellow or grey watery discharge secondary to the rise in pH that accompanies VVA.

• #8 Vaginal Atrophy (Atrophic Vaginitis) – Main Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments | Carreras Medical Center

  https://www.toplinemd.com/carreras-medical-center/vaginal-atrophy-atrophic-vaginitis-main-symptoms-causes-and-treatments/

  Atrophic vaginitis or vaginal atrophy is when the vaginal lining gets dryer and thinner, resulting in uncomfortable symptoms such as vaginal burning, itching, pain during sex, and more. […] The most obvious signs of the condition include the following: Vaginal dryness: As the vagina’s ability to lubricate itself decreases, women will usually experience vaginal dryness, which may lead to itching and burning sensations. Also, intercourse may become painful. […] The reduction in estrogen levels leads to decreased vaginal fluid production, which may lead to vaginal dryness, making penetration difficult and sex painful. […] Usually, decreased vaginal lubrication is the first sign of atrophic vaginitis. […] Also, around half of the women who reach menopause usually experience some of the symptoms of vaginal atrophy.

• #9 Diagnosis and Treatment of Atrophic Vaginitis | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2000/0515/p3090.html

  Up to 40 percent of postmenopausal women have symptoms of atrophic vaginitis. […] The earliest symptoms are decreased vaginal lubrication, followed by other vaginal and urinary symptoms that may be exacerbated by superimposed infection. […] A long-term decrease in estrogen stimulation is generally required before symptoms of atrophic vaginitis arise. A decrease in vaginal lubrication is an early hallmark of hormone insufficiency. […] Genital symptoms include dryness, burning, dyspareunia, loss of vaginal secretions, leukorrhea, vulvar pruritus, feeling of pressure, itching and yellow malodorous discharge. […] Urinary symptoms of urethral discomfort, frequency, hematuria, urinary tract infection, dysuria and stress incontinence may be later symptoms of vaginal atrophy. […] All atrophic vaginitis symptoms can be exacerbated by a simultaneous infection of candidiasis, trichomoniasis or bacterial vaginosis. […] Over time, the lack of vaginal lubrication often results in sexual dysfunction and associated emotional distress.

• #10 What Is Vaginal Atrophy?

  https://www.webmd.com/menopause/vaginal-atrophy

  Vaginal atrophy is when the walls of your vagina get thin, dry, and inflamed. This can happen when your body makes less estrogen, such as during and after menopause. […] You may have: Vaginal dryness or burning, Itching in your genitals, Unusual vaginal discharge, More yeast infections, Burning when you pee, A need to pee often, A hard time holding pee in (incontinence), More urinary tract infections (UTIs), Discomfort or bleeding during or after sex, Less natural lubrication when you have sex. […] Dryness is usually the first sign. Many people have them after menopause. But you may have them in the years before that, a time called perimenopause. GSM is common: Up to 40% of people after menopause have symptoms. […] The cause of vaginal atrophy is a drop in estrogen levels. At menopause, a woman’s estrogen levels can fall by about 85%.

• #11 Vaginal Atrophy | Baylor Medicine

  https://www.bcm.edu/healthcare/specialties/obstetrics-and-gynecology/ob-gyn-conditions/vaginal-atrophy

  Vaginal atrophy is when the vaginal walls become thin, dry and inflamed due to a decline in estrogen in a woman’s body, typically brought on by menopause. […] Vaginal atrophy can make sexual intercourse painful. It can also make the vagina more susceptible to painful infections and urinary problems. […] Some women with mild vaginal atrophy will experience no symptoms. Women with moderate to severe vaginal atrophy may experience symptoms that include: vaginal dryness, vaginal burning, watery discharge, burning with urination, urinary incontinence, urgency with urination, more urinary tract infections, light bleeding after intercourse, painful or uncomfortable intercourse, shortening and tightening of the vaginal canal.

• #12 5 Signs of Vaginal Atrophy: Women’s Healthcare of Princeton: Gynecologists

  https://www.princetongyn.com/blog/5-signs-of-vaginal-atrophy

  Vaginal atrophy can occur when the walls of your vagina become thin, dry, and inflamed. Typically, vaginal atrophy may happen during midlife, when perimenopause and menopause cause your body to produce less estrogen. […] Although vaginal atrophy is, for many women, a normal part of growing older, it can also be a big inconvenience, because it can interfere with your quality of life. […] When vaginal tissues become inflamed as the result of vaginal atrophy, you may feel a burning or itching sensation in your vagina. This may occur randomly or at certain times, such as after sex or when you urinate. […] As your vaginal tissues become thinner, you may be more prone to infections that occur when bacteria spread from your vaginal area to your urethra (which carries urine outside your body from your bladder), bladder, ureters (which carry urine from your kidneys to your bladder), and even your kidneys.

• #13 Postmenopausal Atrophic Vaginitis: Symptoms, Treatments and Causes

  https://www.healthline.com/health/atrophic-vaginitis

  Symptoms like vaginal dryness and painful orgasms are common in postmenopausal atrophic vaginitis. If you’re experiencing them, an OB-GYN or doctor can prescribe treatments to help. […] Symptoms can include: thinning of the vaginal walls, shortening and tightening of the vaginal canal, lack of vaginal moisture (vaginal dryness), vaginal burning (inflammation), spotting after intercourse, discomfort or pain during intercourse, pain or burning with urination, more frequent urinary tract infections, urinary incontinence (involuntary leakage). […] Nearly half of postmenopausal people experience atrophic vaginitis, the thinning of the vaginal walls as a result of estrogen reduction. This can cause discomfort during sex, vaginal burning, vaginal dryness, and more.

• #14 Vulvovaginal Atrophy

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2800285/

  Women with VVA often report symptoms such as urgency, frequency, nocturia, and urge incontinence. Urinalysis may show microscopic hematuria. Recurrent urinary tract infections can also result. […] Clinical findings include atrophy of the labia majora and vaginal introitus. The labia minora may recede. Vulvar and vaginal mucosae may appear pale, shiny, and dry; if there is inflammation, they may appear reddened or pale with petechiae. Vaginal rugae disappear, and the cervix may become flush with the vaginal wall. Vaginal shortening and narrowing tend to occur. […] The diagnosis of VVA is a clinical one. However, 2 tests may be used to support the diagnosis: a vaginal pH and a vaginal maturation index (VMI). To assess pH, a piece of litmus paper is placed on the lateral vaginal wall until moistened. A pH of 4.6 or greater indicates VVA, assuming the patient does not have bacterial vaginosis.

• #15 Atrophic vaginitis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrophic_vaginitis

  All tissue types such as connective, epithelial, muscular, blood vessels, and nerves are affected and become thinner and less effective, which increases risk of infections, inflammation, injuries, and sores. […] Symptoms of genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) will unlikely be resolved without treatment. […] If both urinary and genital symptoms exist, local, low-dose estrogen therapy can be effective. […] Topical treatment with estrogen is effective when the symptoms are severe and relieves the disruption in pH to restore the microbiome of the vagina. […] For mild atrophic vaginitis, hyaluronic acid can be used as a treatment first. […] However, if it is moderate to severe atrophic vaginitis, estrogen therapy is recommended to be used first.

• #16 Practice Nursing – Vaginal atrophy: what is it and how can it be treated?

  https://www.practicenursing.com/content/clinical-focus/vaginal-atrophy-what-is-it-and-how-can-it-be-treated/

  Vaginal atrophy is a common, chronic and progressive condition that occurs due to oestrogen deficiency. […] Vaginal atrophy is a common condition for women in the menopause. It is chronic and progressive and will not get better without treatment over time, unlike vasomotor symptoms. […] It is estimated that vaginal atrophy affects 5080% of post-menopausal women and is caused by oestrogen deficiency, but it is an under-diagnosed and under-recognised condition. […] Vaginal atrophy and lack of lubrication can also occur at any time in a woman’s life and this happens in an estimated 15% of pre-menopausal women.

• #17 Vaginal atrophy | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/vaginal-atrophy?content_id=CON-20166957

  Vaginal atrophy (atrophic vaginitis) is thinning, drying and inflammation of the vaginal walls that may occur when your body has less estrogen. Vaginal atrophy occurs most often after menopause. […] For many women, vaginal atrophy not only makes intercourse painful but also leads to distressing urinary symptoms. […] Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) signs and symptoms may include: Vaginal dryness, Vaginal burning, Vaginal discharge, Genital itching, Burning with urination, Urgency with urination, Frequent urination, Recurrent urinary tract infections, Urinary incontinence, Light bleeding after intercourse, Discomfort with intercourse, Decreased vaginal lubrication during sexual activity, Shortening and tightening of the vaginal canal. […] GSM signs and symptoms may begin to bother you during the years leading up to menopause, or they may not become a problem until several years into menopause.

• #18 Complete Symptom Guide to Vaginal Atrophy | Stella

  https://www.onstella.com/menopause-symptoms/menopause-and-vaginal-atrophy/

  Vaginal atrophy is a common symptom of menopause. If dryness, pain and tightness are a problem for you, hormonal changes could be the cause. […] Vaginal atrophy is common and its estimated that around 40% of those in menopause have symptoms. […] While other common symptoms, such as hot flushes and mood swings tend to improve eventually, this is not the case for vaginal atrophy unfortunately. Many people will continue to experience symptoms indefinitely due to ongoing low oestrogen levels during postmenopause. […] Signs of vaginal atrophy include vaginal dryness or, conversely, excessive discharge, vaginal tightness, itching or a burning sensation, painful sex, also known as dyspareunia, and bleeding, including bleeding after sex. […] HRT can help to reverse the changes seen with vaginal atrophy.

• #19 Vaginal Atrophy: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15500-vaginal-atrophy

  You dont have to just live with vaginal atrophy. Even if youre in menopause or postmenopausal, that doesnt mean you should have to deal with UTIs, vaginal itching or painful sex. Treatment for GSM can be very successful. […] Yes, it can. Thats why prompt treatment is important. The sooner you get treatment, the less likely it is that your vaginal atrophy will worsen. For example, the longer you go without estrogen, the dryer your vagina will become. Without treatment, your vaginal atrophy may get worse. Occasionally, atrophy can become so severe that it can significantly narrow your vaginal opening. This may make it harder to treat the atrophy if treatment is started too late. […] Vaginal atrophy can seriously affect your quality of life in general, not just your sex life. The pain, dryness, burning/itching, spotting, bleeding, urinary problems, UTIs and discharge can make you very uncomfortable and interfere with your daily living. One in 4 women report that vaginal atrophy has had a negative impact on other areas of their lives including their sleep, sexual health and general happiness.

• #20 Vaginal Atrophy: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15500-vaginal-atrophy

  During menopause, your body makes less estrogen. Without estrogen, the lining of your vagina can become thinner and less stretchy. Your vaginal canal can also narrow and shorten. Less estrogen also lowers the amount of normal vaginal fluids and changes the acid balance in your vagina. All of these factors make your vaginal tissue more delicate and more likely to become irritated. […] Vaginal atrophy can affect your quality of life and your relationship with your partner(s). There are physical and emotional side effects of GSM. Physical symptoms like pain, burning, itching and leaking pee can disrupt all areas of your life. Emotional side effects are just as complicated as the physical side effects. If you’re experiencing symptoms of vaginal atrophy, you may lose interest in sex and intimacy or lose confidence in yourself.

• #21 Stop the Pain of Vaginal Atrophy

  https://www.gennev.com/learn/stop-the-pain-of-vaginal-atrophy

  Vaginal atrophy, or atrophic vaginitis, is a prime culprit that can result in painful itching and burning. Its also a common cause of pain during intercourse. Most women will start to experience symptoms in perimenopause when there is a significant decline in estrogen. Up to 60 percent of postmenopausal women experience symptoms of vaginal atrophy, yet only about 30 percent seek treatment, meaning too many women are needlessly suffering. […] Vaginal atrophy really can have a significant impact on a woman’s quality of life. It can prevent her from being able to sit comfortably, exercise, enjoy vaginal intercourse, and put her at increased risk of infections. The constant pain can be annoying and irritating and cause an additional emotional burden of feeling like she is unable to enjoy simple things.

• #22 5 Signs of Vaginal Atrophy: Women’s Healthcare of Princeton: Gynecologists

  https://www.princetongyn.com/blog/5-signs-of-vaginal-atrophy

  As the tissue that lines your vagina becomes thinner, blood vessels within it have less protection and may leak blood, especially when subjected to friction or pressure from sexual intercourse. […] A reduction in estrogen can lead to a decrease in the production of vaginal fluids that serve as lubricants in your vagina. When your vagina is dry, sexual penetration can be more difficult and sexual intercourse may become painful. This can lead to a loss of sexual enjoyment, as well as problems between you and your partner. […] If sex is uncomfortable or painful, its not surprising that you may have trouble reaching orgasm a condition known as orgasmic dysfunction. Vaginal atrophy is a common cause of orgasmic dysfunction during midlife.

• #23 Vaginal Dryness: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/21027-vaginal-dryness

  Vaginal dryness is a painful symptom that affects your quality of life. It can cause pain during sitting, exercising, peeing and sexual intercourse. […] Vaginal dryness occurs at any age. Its most common during or after menopause when estrogen levels decline. The hormone estrogen helps keep your vaginal lining moisturized and healthy. Low levels of estrogen cause your vaginal walls to become thin and dry. This is a common condition of menopause called vaginal atrophy. […] Vaginal dryness causes discomfort and pain in your vagina, especially during sex. A dry vagina may also cause burning and itching. […] Vaginal dryness is usually most apparent during sexual penetration. Without enough vaginal lubrication, the friction (or rubbing) during sexual intercourse can cause pain and discomfort.

• #24 Vaginal atrophy: Natural remedies, causes, and treatments

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/315089

  Vaginal atrophy refers to inflammation, dryness, and thinning of the vaginal walls. […] The symptoms of vaginal atrophy can vary, and a person will not necessarily experience all of them at the same time. These include: vaginal dryness, discharge, and itchiness; loss of libido; discomfort during intercourse; decreased lubrication during intercourse; bleeding after intercourse; frequent urinary tract infections; paleness and thinness of the vagina; tightening or shortening of the vagina; frequent urination. […] A 2023 study looked at the effects of using a vaginal cream containing vitamin D and vitamin E. After 4 weeks of use, participants reported improvements in vaginal dryness, itching, and burning. […] Vaginal atrophy is a highly personal condition, and people might feel embarrassed to discuss symptoms with a doctor. However, this hesitation can prevent an individual from seeking the treatment they need. The condition is very common, and treatment can yield good results.

• #25 Vaginal atrophy | Altru Health System

  https://www.altru.org/health-library/conditions/vaginal-atrophy

  Vaginal atrophy (atrophic vaginitis) is thinning, drying and inflammation of the vaginal walls that may occur when your body has less estrogen. Vaginal atrophy occurs most often after menopause. […] Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) signs and symptoms may include: Vaginal dryness, Vaginal burning, Vaginal discharge, Genital itching, Burning with urination, Urgency with urination, Frequent urination, Recurrent urinary tract infections, Urinary incontinence, Light bleeding after intercourse, Discomfort with intercourse, Decreased vaginal lubrication during sexual activity, Shortening and tightening of the vaginal canal. […] GSM signs and symptoms may begin to bother you during the years leading up to menopause, or they may not become a problem until several years into menopause. […] Genitourinary syndrome of menopause increases your risk of: Vaginal infections. Changes in the acid balance of your vagina make vaginal infections more likely. Urinary problems. Urinary changes associated with GSM can contribute to urinary problems. You might experience increased frequency or urgency of urination or burning with urination. Some women experience more urinary tract infections or urine leakage (incontinence). […] If vaginal dryness is associated with other symptoms of menopause, such as moderate or severe hot flashes, your doctor may suggest estrogen pills, patches or gel, or a higher dose estrogen ring.

• #26

  https://hellobonafide.com/blogs/news/vaginal-atrophy-symptoms

  „The risk of infection, including urinary tract infections, is elevated with GSM. The risk of BV (bacterial vaginosis) is elevated with untreated, unmanaged vulvovaginal atrophy since the vaginal pH can become more alkaline during menopause,” says Dr. Dweck. […] „Cellular tissue changes due to diminished estrogen can be reversed,” says Dr. Dweck. Because the vaginal changes are due to diminished estrogen, some people may try estrogen or hormone therapy. […] Vaginal atrophy signs and symptoms can be managed when treated properly.

• #27 VAGINAL ATROPHY: Vaginal Dryness, Itching, Pain or Irritation During Menopause

  https://www.allaboutwomenmd.com/knowledge-center/vaginal-atrophy.html

  Women who aren’t experiencing menopause but have had a drop in estrogen levels may also experience the symptoms of vaginal atrophy. […] For some women, vaginal atrophy may cause an increase in the vagina’s alkalinity. These higher pH levels can put women at a higher risk for a vaginal infection, also called vaginitis. […] The thinning and irritation of the vagina are also associated with changes in the urinary tract (called genitourinary atrophy). These changes can contribute to urinary problems, particularly increased frequency and urgency of urination and burning with urination, as well as repetitive urinary tract infections. […] Fortunately, vaginal atrophy can be effectively treated by an experienced OB-GYN doctor. If youre experiencing symptoms, make an appointment with a well-woman care provider to receive a proper diagnosis and an effective treatment plan.

• #28 Signs Your Vagina is Atrophying – Southeast Urogyn

  https://seug.com/blog/signs-your-vagina-is-atrophying

  More urinary tract infections (UTIs) […] At normal levels, estrogen helps maintain healthy levels of good bacteria and prevents the spread of bad bacteria in vaginal tissue. When inadequate estrogen levels exist, it’s possible that more bad bacteria can thrive. […] Thin vaginal tissue can make it easier for bad bacteria to reach your urethra and bladder, where it can infect your urinary tract, resulting in a UTI. […] The good news is that vaginal atrophy is a highly treatable condition. The most effective treatment depends on the source and extent of your symptoms, as well as your overall health. […] Many women achieve improvement of vaginal atrophy with one or more of the following types of treatment: […] Kegel exercises to improve circulation, which can boost lubrication […] Vaginal moisturizers […] Vaginal lubricants applied before intercourse […] Prescription estrogen medications or creams […] Vaginal estrogen ring that releases a low dose of estrogen.

• #29 What is vaginal atrophy? The condition that affects more than half…

  https://www.caryobgyn.com/what-is-vaginal-atrophy-the-condition-that-affects-more-than-half-of-postmenopausal-people/

  Vaginal atrophy is a condition in which the lining of the vagina becomes thinner and drier. It is common during times of hormonal change, like menopause. In fact, vaginal atrophy affects more than half of menopausal people. […] The most common symptoms of vaginal atrophy are vaginal dryness, and pain during intercourse, says Christine Greves, MD, an OB-GYN with the Orlando Health Winnie Palmer Hospital for Women & Babies. […] Other symptoms of vaginal atrophy include: Itching, Vaginal burning during urination, Decreased lubrication during sex, Light bleeding after intercourse, Frequent urination, Urinary incontinence. […] Vaginal atrophy can also increase your risk of vaginal and urinary tract infections and sometimes cause bleeding, Greves says. This is because thinner and drier vaginal tissue is more prone to tearing.

• #30 Stop the Pain of Vaginal Atrophy

  https://www.gennev.com/learn/stop-the-pain-of-vaginal-atrophy

  These changes can also cause urinary issues, such as frequent urination, leaks, and infections. […] Women whove never had a vaginal birth are more likely to develop symptoms than women who have, although the reason why is unknown. Women whove entered menopause more abruptly due to surgery or cancer treatments also tend to have worse symptoms. […] The strategies above can help ease some of the burning, itching, and pain associated with vaginal atrophy, and for some women, that will be enough to manage their symptoms. However, lifestyle changes dont address the underlying structural and functional changes in the vagina as estrogen declines. Some women will need to address those issues to get relief. […] Moisturizers and lubricants are only treating the symptoms, though. They dont change the tissue in the vagina. So, if they arent providing enough relief or stop working, see your doctor or healthcare provider STAT! […] Topical estrogen is an effective treatment for many women and comes in various forms. […] The severity of vaginal atrophy can vary from one woman to the next.

• #31 Atrophic Vaginitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK564341/

  Atrophic vaginitis is an inflammatory process that occurs in clients experiencing vaginal atrophy. Vaginal atrophy develops secondary to a lack of estrogen due to menopause. Diagnosis is made clinically based on symptoms. […] Atrophic vaginal changes are caused by thinning vaginal epithelium, decreased vaginal rugae and elasticity, and decreased vaginal secretions. Atrophic vaginitis is a symptomatic inflammatory process involving the thinned vaginal epithelium affecting some pre-menopausal and up to 50% of post-menopausal women. […] Atrophic vaginitis symptoms include vulvovaginal dryness, pruritis, dyspareunia, abnormal vaginal discharge, post-coital pain of the labia minora or deeper in the vaginal vault, recurrent urinary tract infections, urethral pain, hematuria, urinary incontinence. These symptoms may be progressive, or the patient may have just noticed the changes.

• #32 Vaginal Atrophy: The 21st Century Health Issue Affecting Quality of Life

  https://www.medscape.org/viewarticle/561934

  Vaginal atrophy can be diagnosed with a detailed history and comprehensive physical examination. On physical examination, the vagina is dry, with pale, frail tissue, and lacking the normal mucosal ridges and folds. The expected elasticity and pliability associated with a well estrogenized vagina may be absent. […] Treatment goals for atrophic vaginitis include alleviating symptoms, reversing or minimizing the physiologic changes, and improving quality of life for the patient. Individualized care and treatment can most often be considered the rule. […] Local, low-dose estrogen preparations are considered first-line pharmacologic treatment for atrophic vaginitis. […] Findings include (1) data from the limited number of randomized, controlled clinical trials currently available demonstrate that low-dose vaginally applied estrogen products are effective and well tolerated, with low side effect profiles; (2) all of the low-dose vaginal estrogen products available in the United States are equally effective at the doses recommended in product labeling; and (3) progestogen use is generally not indicated when low-dose estrogen is administered locally for treatment of atrophic vaginitis. […] Treatment length is variable, but should be continued as long as distressing symptoms that impaired quality of life are present.

• #33 Vulvovaginal Atrophy

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2800285/

  Systemic estrogen therapy, in the form of patches, oral agents, or a higher-dose vaginal ring, is sometimes used for VVA, especially when the patient also has hot flashes. However, 10% to 20% of women may have residual VVA symptoms even while taking systemic estrogen. […] In breast cancer survivors, the estimated prevalence of vaginal atrophy, by symptom report, ranges from 23% to 61%. […] Many surgical, endocrine, and chemotherapeutic treatments for breast cancer can cause or exacerbate VVA.

• #34 Patient education: Vaginal dryness (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/vaginal-dryness-beyond-the-basics/print

  Vaginal dryness is a common condition in people who have been through menopause (when a person no longer gets monthly periods). Some people start to experience vaginal dryness during the transition to menopause. Vaginal dryness is also common in people who have had both of their ovaries surgically removed, for example, to treat or prevent cancer. […] In some cases, vaginal dryness can lead to other bothersome symptoms, such as pain with sex, vaginal burning or itching, or abnormal vaginal discharge that is thin, white, and non-foul-smelling. Vaginal discharge that is yellow, gray, or has an odor is not typically caused by vaginal dryness and should be evaluated by your health care provider. There may also be related urinary symptoms, such as frequent or painful urination. These symptoms may lead to less satisfying sex and avoidance of sexual intimacy.

• #35 Atrophic Vaginitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK564341/

  Many women see improvement with the use of intravaginal estrogen. Those refractory to treatment or who experience incomplete resolution may start adjunctive therapy with ospemifene. Risk factors include no vaginal births, therefore, no stretching of the vaginal canal. Cigarette smoking causes vasoconstriction, which decreases secretions and exacerbates symptoms. […] Untreated atrophic vaginitis leads to persistent pruritis, which may cause scarring from scratching. Thinned mucosa may result in abrasions or fissures. The patient may continue to have other genitourinary complaints.

• #36 What Is Vaginal Atrophy?

  https://www.webmd.com/menopause/vaginal-atrophy

  If you have GSM-related dryness and discomfort, especially when you have sex, vaginal moisturizers or water-based lubricants may help. […] If your doctor diagnoses you with this condition, estrogen therapy may be an option. It can thicken your vaginal walls and ease many of the other symptoms of GSM, too. […] There are two main things that can raise your chances of vaginal atrophy and GSM. Smoking restricts blood flow, including to your vaginal area. It also lowers the natural amount of estrogen in your body. […] Those who haven’t had a vaginal birth are more likely to have GSM-related issues than those who have.

• #37 Vaginal atrophy | Jean Hailes

  https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/vulva-vagina/vulval-vaginal-conditions/vaginal-atrophy

  You cannot reverse vaginal atrophy, but you can stop it from getting worse by seeking a diagnosis and starting treatment early. Research suggests that MHT eliminates vaginal atrophy symptoms in 75% of cases, while vaginal oestrogen therapy is effective in 80% to 90% of cases. Without treatment, vaginal atrophy may get worse over time.

• #38 Complete Symptom Guide to Vaginal Atrophy | Stella

  https://www.onstella.com/menopause-symptoms/menopause-and-vaginal-atrophy/

  Yes. It is particularly common for vaginal atrophy to cause bleeding after sex, because of the way this condition affects your vaginal walls. […] See a doctor if you have any symptoms of vaginal atrophy which are becoming a nuisance. Treatment is available for mild or severe symptoms. In fact, it can be worth starting treatment early to prevent things getting worse.

• #39 Vaginal atrophy isn’t a normal sign of aging, and treatment can help | Ohio State Health & Discovery

  https://health.osu.edu/health/ob-gyn/vaginal-atrophy-treatments-can-help

  Vaginal dryness, burning, itching, discomfort with intercourse, vaginal discharge or spotting, increasing trips to the bathroom, discomfort in the urethra and recurrent urinary tract infections are all symptoms associated with genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM), sometimes called vaginal atrophy. Theyre all symptoms that can gradually worsen over time as female bodies produce less estrogen. […] Some studies suggest that anywhere between 50% and 85% of postmenopausal people experience symptoms related to vaginal atrophy. […] Regular sexual activity also can help maintain the elasticity of the vaginal canal and its ability to lubricate, though some may still develop GSM symptoms despite regular intercourse. […] For those with vaginal dryness or discomfort during or outside of sexual intercourse, an option is to use non-hormonal moisturizers two to three times per week, along with using a lubricant during intercourse.

• #40 What is Vaginal Atrophy, and Can it be Reversed? | FemmePharma Consumer Healthcare

  https://femmepharma.com/what-is-vaginal-atrophy-and-can-it-be-prevented/?srsltid=AfmBOooGzEXJMPZ1pwNmJqf8U4Czzt2ouAyRSufv0HQuk1Abo-zamVsZ

  Replacing depleted estrogen levels is the most effective and most prescribed treatment to reverse vaginal atrophy. […] Both systemic and topical hormone replacement therapy can help restore your vaginal lining and reduce vaginal dryness and discomfort. […] Lubricants and moisturizers are over-the-counter treatment options for vaginal atrophy. […] A relatively new option that seeks to reverse vaginal atrophy is laser therapy. […] Its also important to note that youll need to continue the prevention methods of your choice, otherwise vaginal atrophy will progress. […] Reversing symptoms is possible, which is why its vital to speak up and ask for help as soon as you notice symptoms.

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