Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Survival statistics for brain and spinal cord tumours | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/brain-and-spinal-cord/prognosis-and-survival/survival-statistics

  Survival statistics for brain and spinal cord tumours are very general estimates and must be interpreted very carefully. Because these statistics are based on the experience of groups of people, they cannot be used to predict a particular persons chances of survival. […] In Canada, the 5-year net survival for all brain and central nervous system tumours is 22%. This means that about 22% of people diagnosed with brain and central nervous system tumours will survive at least 5 years. […] Survival varies with each grade and particular type or subtype of brain and spinal cord tumour. The following factors can also affect survival for brain and spinal cord tumours. However, survival rates for brain tumours will vary widely, depending on the type of tumour, its grade and the location in the brain.

• #2 Staging and Prognosis for Brain Cancer | Cancer Council NSW

  https://www.cancercouncil.com.au/brain-cancer/diagnosis/staging-prognosis/

  The tumour will be given a grade based on how the cells look compared to normal cells. The grade suggests how quickly the cancer may grow. […] Prognosis means the expected outcome of a disease. You may wish to discuss your individual prognosis and treatment options with your doctor, but it is not possible for anyone to predict the exact course of the disease. […] Several factors may affect your prognosis, including: the tumour type, location, grade and genetic make-up; your age, general health and family history; whether the tumour has damaged the surrounding healthy brain tissue; how well the tumour responds to treatment. […] Both low-grade and high-grade tumours can affect how the brain works and be life-threatening, but the prognosis may be better if the tumour is low grade, or if the surgeon is able to safely remove the entire tumour.

• #3 Glioblastoma Prognosis | Survival Rates

  https://www.thebraintumourcharity.org/brain-tumour-diagnosis-treatment/types-of-brain-tumour-adult/glioblastoma/glioblastoma-prognosis/

  Glioblastoma prognosis is when your doctor or medical team explains what you might expect from your diagnosis. […] Glioblastoma is a an aggressive type of brain tumour. And, the survival time for glioblastoma is sadly short on average. […] Your doctor cant be absolutely certain about what will happen to you following a brain tumour diagnosis. But, they can give you an estimate, based on your tumour type and current situation. […] The average glioblastoma survival time is 12-18 months only 25% of patients survive more than one year, and only 5% of patients survive more than five years. […] Please remember that statistics and averages cant tell you what will happen to you specifically.

• #4 Brain Tumor Facts

  https://braintumor.org/brain-tumors/about-brain-tumors/brain-tumor-facts/

  35.7% Relative Survival Rate for all patients with a malignant brain tumor […] For patients with malignant brain tumors, the five-year relative survival rate following diagnosis is 35.7% […] For the most common form of primary malignant brain tumors, glioblastoma, the five-year relative survival rate is only 6.9% and median survival is only 8 months […] An estimated 18,990 people will die because of a malignant brain tumor (brain cancer) in 2023 […] Brain cancer is estimated to be the 10th leading cause of cancer death in 2023 for both males and females in all age groups […] The five-year relative survival rate for adults diagnosed with a primary brain tumor is 72.5% […] The five-year relative survival rate for those ages 40+ years is 21% for malignant tumors and 90.3% for non-malignant tumors […] Survival rates for adult and pediatric patients with brain tumors have not changed significantly over the past 45 years despite major improvements made in the treatment of other cancers.

• #5 Predicting survival of glioblastoma from automatic whole-brain and tumor segmentation of MR images

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9671967/

  Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor in adults. Prognosis is generally very poor, with a median overall survival (OS) of less than 15 months, and a 5-year OS rate of only 10%, even when aggressively treated. […] The proposed Hd95 features contain some information about where the tumor is located in the brain and its size, both of which have been studied before and shown to carry prognostic value. […] The proposed Hd95 features measure how much each brain structure is deformed compared to its expected shape in the absence of pathology, and therefore they contain information about the location of the tumor, which has been shown previously to be a prognostic factor for OS. […] Nevertheless, our results show that the proposed Hd95 features carry richer prognostic information for predicting OS than tumor location alone.

• #6 Staging and Prognosis for Brain Cancer | Cancer Council NSW

  https://www.cancercouncil.com.au/brain-cancer/diagnosis/staging-prognosis/

  The tumour will be given a grade based on how the cells look compared to normal cells. The grade suggests how quickly the cancer may grow. […] Prognosis means the expected outcome of a disease. You may wish to discuss your individual prognosis and treatment options with your doctor, but it is not possible for anyone to predict the exact course of the disease. […] Several factors may affect your prognosis, including: the tumour type, location, grade and genetic make-up; your age, general health and family history; whether the tumour has damaged the surrounding healthy brain tissue; how well the tumour responds to treatment. […] Both low-grade and high-grade tumours can affect how the brain works and be life-threatening, but the prognosis may be better if the tumour is low grade, or if the surgeon is able to safely remove the entire tumour.

• #7 Stage IV brain cancer prognosis: What to know

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/stage-iv-brain-cancer-prognosis

  A persons doctor can provide them with more accurate information about the outlook based on the type of tumor. […] People with glioblastoma, the most common type of brain tumor, live for around 12 to 18 months after diagnosis. […] However, the outlook for stage 4 brain cancer can vary. It can depend on a persons age, overall health, the tumor size, the grade and location of the tumor, and how it responds to treatments. […] The main tumors that can reach stage 4 include glioblastomas, astrocytomas, diffuse hemispheric gliomas, diffuse midline gliomas, and embryonal tumors.

• #8 Survival statistics for brain and spinal cord tumours | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/brain-and-spinal-cord/prognosis-and-survival/survival-statistics

  Low-grade tumours have a more favourable prognosis than high-grade tumours. […] People younger than 65 years of age have a more favourable prognosis. […] People with a better performance status and neurological status have a more favourable prognosis. […] Tumours that can be surgically removed have a more favourable prognosis than tumours that can be partially removed or not removed. Tumours that are in parts of the brain where they cannot be easily removed by surgery have lower survival rates. […] Survival rates for those 65 or older are usually lower. […] Anaplastic or malignant meningioma (grade 3) These tumours have a median survival of less than 2 years. […] Only a doctor familiar with these factors can put all of this information together with survival statistics to arrive at a prognosis.

• #9 Update for astrocytomas: medical and surgical management considerations

  https://www.explorationpub.com/Journals/en/Article/10069

  Astrocytomas include a wide range of tumors with unique mutations and varying grades of malignancy. […] Glioblastoma (GB) is both the most common astrocytoma and the most malignant, accounting for roughly 65% of astrocytomas. […] While the mortality rate varies with different grades of astrocytomas and mutations present, GB has a median survival of 15 months with treatment and a 3-year survival rate of 35%. […] There are numerous factors associated with improved overall survival rate, including female sex, younger age of diagnosis, lower comorbidity burden, presence of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) methylation in tumor genetics, reduced tumor size, single lesion, complete tumor resection, chemotherapy, and radiation treatment. […] While the loss of function of MGMT via methylation is associated with different cancers, it is also associated with improved patient outcomes in the treatment of astrocytomas.

• #10 Glioblastoma (GBM) – American Brain Tumor Association | Learn More

  https://www.abta.org/tumor_types/glioblastoma-gbm/

  Prognosis means a prediction of outcome. This information is usually based on information gathered from groups of people with the same disease. It is important to remember these statistics are not individualized. […] The 5-year relative survival rates for glioblastoma by age group are as follows: Children (ages 0-14): 19.5%* […] Adolescents Young Adults (ages 15-39): 27.3%* […] Adults (ages 40+): 5.6%* […] *These percentages represent the prior classification of Glioblastoma which included what is now considered Astrocytoma, IDH mutant, grade 4.

• #11 Brain Tumor Facts

  https://braintumor.org/brain-tumors/about-brain-tumors/brain-tumor-facts/

  35.7% Relative Survival Rate for all patients with a malignant brain tumor […] For patients with malignant brain tumors, the five-year relative survival rate following diagnosis is 35.7% […] For the most common form of primary malignant brain tumors, glioblastoma, the five-year relative survival rate is only 6.9% and median survival is only 8 months […] An estimated 18,990 people will die because of a malignant brain tumor (brain cancer) in 2023 […] Brain cancer is estimated to be the 10th leading cause of cancer death in 2023 for both males and females in all age groups […] The five-year relative survival rate for adults diagnosed with a primary brain tumor is 72.5% […] The five-year relative survival rate for those ages 40+ years is 21% for malignant tumors and 90.3% for non-malignant tumors […] Survival rates for adult and pediatric patients with brain tumors have not changed significantly over the past 45 years despite major improvements made in the treatment of other cancers.

• #12 Survival statistics for brain and spinal cord tumours | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/brain-and-spinal-cord/prognosis-and-survival/survival-statistics

  Low-grade tumours have a more favourable prognosis than high-grade tumours. […] People younger than 65 years of age have a more favourable prognosis. […] People with a better performance status and neurological status have a more favourable prognosis. […] Tumours that can be surgically removed have a more favourable prognosis than tumours that can be partially removed or not removed. Tumours that are in parts of the brain where they cannot be easily removed by surgery have lower survival rates. […] Survival rates for those 65 or older are usually lower. […] Anaplastic or malignant meningioma (grade 3) These tumours have a median survival of less than 2 years. […] Only a doctor familiar with these factors can put all of this information together with survival statistics to arrive at a prognosis.

• #13 Survival statistics for brain and spinal cord tumours | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/brain-and-spinal-cord/prognosis-and-survival/survival-statistics

  Low-grade tumours have a more favourable prognosis than high-grade tumours. […] People younger than 65 years of age have a more favourable prognosis. […] People with a better performance status and neurological status have a more favourable prognosis. […] Tumours that can be surgically removed have a more favourable prognosis than tumours that can be partially removed or not removed. Tumours that are in parts of the brain where they cannot be easily removed by surgery have lower survival rates. […] Survival rates for those 65 or older are usually lower. […] Anaplastic or malignant meningioma (grade 3) These tumours have a median survival of less than 2 years. […] Only a doctor familiar with these factors can put all of this information together with survival statistics to arrive at a prognosis.

• #14 Update for astrocytomas: medical and surgical management considerations

  https://www.explorationpub.com/Journals/en/Article/10069

  Studies have shown a significant association between methylated MGMT and longer survival as well as decreased tumor size over the course of treatment. […] The grading of astrocytomas is based on histological observations and cellular markers. […] Grade 1 tumors include PA, which is the most common primary CNS tumor in children aged 5-14. […] With a 10-year survival over 90%, pediatric PAs are amenable to surgery and hold an excellent prognosis if completely excised. […] For grade 4 astrocytomas (GB), 2-year PFS is an abysmal 10%. […] IDH mutations in high-grade astrocytomas are extremely relevant to prognosis, with wild-type IDH AAs typically displaying worse prognosis than IDH-mutated GB. […] The combination of WBRT using 5,000-6,000 rad in addition to surgical resection of malignant gliomas revealed significant survival benefit in comparison to surgical resection alone.

• #15 Update for astrocytomas: medical and surgical management considerations

  https://www.explorationpub.com/Journals/en/Article/10069

  Astrocytomas include a wide range of tumors with unique mutations and varying grades of malignancy. […] Glioblastoma (GB) is both the most common astrocytoma and the most malignant, accounting for roughly 65% of astrocytomas. […] While the mortality rate varies with different grades of astrocytomas and mutations present, GB has a median survival of 15 months with treatment and a 3-year survival rate of 35%. […] There are numerous factors associated with improved overall survival rate, including female sex, younger age of diagnosis, lower comorbidity burden, presence of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) methylation in tumor genetics, reduced tumor size, single lesion, complete tumor resection, chemotherapy, and radiation treatment. […] While the loss of function of MGMT via methylation is associated with different cancers, it is also associated with improved patient outcomes in the treatment of astrocytomas.

• #16 Update for astrocytomas: medical and surgical management considerations

  https://www.explorationpub.com/Journals/en/Article/10069

  Studies have shown a significant association between methylated MGMT and longer survival as well as decreased tumor size over the course of treatment. […] The grading of astrocytomas is based on histological observations and cellular markers. […] Grade 1 tumors include PA, which is the most common primary CNS tumor in children aged 5-14. […] With a 10-year survival over 90%, pediatric PAs are amenable to surgery and hold an excellent prognosis if completely excised. […] For grade 4 astrocytomas (GB), 2-year PFS is an abysmal 10%. […] IDH mutations in high-grade astrocytomas are extremely relevant to prognosis, with wild-type IDH AAs typically displaying worse prognosis than IDH-mutated GB. […] The combination of WBRT using 5,000-6,000 rad in addition to surgical resection of malignant gliomas revealed significant survival benefit in comparison to surgical resection alone.

• #17 Update for astrocytomas: medical and surgical management considerations

  https://www.explorationpub.com/Journals/en/Article/10069

  Astrocytomas include a wide range of tumors with unique mutations and varying grades of malignancy. […] Glioblastoma (GB) is both the most common astrocytoma and the most malignant, accounting for roughly 65% of astrocytomas. […] While the mortality rate varies with different grades of astrocytomas and mutations present, GB has a median survival of 15 months with treatment and a 3-year survival rate of 35%. […] There are numerous factors associated with improved overall survival rate, including female sex, younger age of diagnosis, lower comorbidity burden, presence of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) methylation in tumor genetics, reduced tumor size, single lesion, complete tumor resection, chemotherapy, and radiation treatment. […] While the loss of function of MGMT via methylation is associated with different cancers, it is also associated with improved patient outcomes in the treatment of astrocytomas.

• #18 Update for astrocytomas: medical and surgical management considerations

  https://www.explorationpub.com/Journals/en/Article/10069

  Studies have shown a significant association between methylated MGMT and longer survival as well as decreased tumor size over the course of treatment. […] The grading of astrocytomas is based on histological observations and cellular markers. […] Grade 1 tumors include PA, which is the most common primary CNS tumor in children aged 5-14. […] With a 10-year survival over 90%, pediatric PAs are amenable to surgery and hold an excellent prognosis if completely excised. […] For grade 4 astrocytomas (GB), 2-year PFS is an abysmal 10%. […] IDH mutations in high-grade astrocytomas are extremely relevant to prognosis, with wild-type IDH AAs typically displaying worse prognosis than IDH-mutated GB. […] The combination of WBRT using 5,000-6,000 rad in addition to surgical resection of malignant gliomas revealed significant survival benefit in comparison to surgical resection alone.

• #19 Predicting survival of glioblastoma from automatic whole-brain and tumor segmentation of MR images | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-19223-3

  Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor in adults. Prognosis is generally very poor, with a median overall survival (OS) of less than 15 months, and a 5-year OS rate of only 10%, even when aggressively treated. Following standard therapy, OS and progression-free survival (PFS) have been shown to correlate with several patient-specific features such as age, performance status and expression of O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT). However, the prognostic value of these features is still too low to guide treatment choices in individual patients. […] The proposed Hd95 features contain some information about where the tumor is located in the brain and its size, both of which have been studied before and shown to carry prognostic value. […] The best model for OS was achieved by combining the proposed features with the previously known prognostic clinical features: further addition of CoM, TCV, and CEV did not provide significant improvement.

• #20 Predicting survival of glioblastoma from automatic whole-brain and tumor segmentation of MR images

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9671967/

  Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor in adults. Prognosis is generally very poor, with a median overall survival (OS) of less than 15 months, and a 5-year OS rate of only 10%, even when aggressively treated. […] The proposed Hd95 features contain some information about where the tumor is located in the brain and its size, both of which have been studied before and shown to carry prognostic value. […] The proposed Hd95 features measure how much each brain structure is deformed compared to its expected shape in the absence of pathology, and therefore they contain information about the location of the tumor, which has been shown previously to be a prognostic factor for OS. […] Nevertheless, our results show that the proposed Hd95 features carry richer prognostic information for predicting OS than tumor location alone.

• #21 Predicting survival of glioblastoma from automatic whole-brain and tumor segmentation of MR images | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-19223-3

  The proposed Hd95 features measure how much each brain structure is deformed compared to its expected shape in the absence of pathology, and therefore they contain information about the location of the tumor, which has been shown previously to be a prognostic factor for OS. Nevertheless, our results show that the proposed Hd95 features carry richer prognostic information for predicting OS than tumor location alone. […] The features proposed in this paper readily generalize across datasets: They are independent of scanner and imaging parameters, and they can be computed from both pre- or post-operative images; from data that is skull-stripped or not; and from subjects with missing modalities.

• #22 Predicting survival of glioblastoma from automatic whole-brain and tumor segmentation of MR images

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9671967/

  The best model for OS was achieved by combining the proposed features with the previously known prognostic clinical features: further addition of CoM, TCV, and CEV did not provide significant improvement. […] The proposed features improve the performance of survival models for both overall- and progression-free survival, compared to models based only on several previously known prognostic factors.

• #23

  https://braintumourresearch.org/pages/types-of-brain-tumours-glioblastoma-multiforme-gbm?srsltid=AfmBOoqCsKbFhnZfe6j4Gy73VIe6jQ59JBm1ezQbTuzooZ-quUDCNMIT

  Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a fast-growing type of tumour of the brain or spinal cord. It is the most common type of primary malignant brain tumour in adults. […] The average survival time is devastatingly short just 12-18 months. However, 25% of glioblastoma patients survive more than one year and 5% of patients survive more than five years. The reason why some people survive so much longer than others is not yet clear. […] Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common type of primary malignant brain tumour in adults. It is also the most aggressive and lethal. Less than 1% of all patients with a glioblastoma live for more than ten years, so in the majority of cases, it is fatal. […] Glioblastoma is a highly aggressive and malignant form of brain cancer, and at present, it is generally considered to be incurable.

• #24 Update for astrocytomas: medical and surgical management considerations

  https://www.explorationpub.com/Journals/en/Article/10069

  Astrocytomas include a wide range of tumors with unique mutations and varying grades of malignancy. […] Glioblastoma (GB) is both the most common astrocytoma and the most malignant, accounting for roughly 65% of astrocytomas. […] While the mortality rate varies with different grades of astrocytomas and mutations present, GB has a median survival of 15 months with treatment and a 3-year survival rate of 35%. […] There are numerous factors associated with improved overall survival rate, including female sex, younger age of diagnosis, lower comorbidity burden, presence of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) methylation in tumor genetics, reduced tumor size, single lesion, complete tumor resection, chemotherapy, and radiation treatment. […] While the loss of function of MGMT via methylation is associated with different cancers, it is also associated with improved patient outcomes in the treatment of astrocytomas.

• #25 Glioblastoma Prognosis | Survival Rates

  https://www.thebraintumourcharity.org/brain-tumour-diagnosis-treatment/types-of-brain-tumour-adult/glioblastoma/glioblastoma-prognosis/

  Glioblastoma prognosis is when your doctor or medical team explains what you might expect from your diagnosis. […] Glioblastoma is a an aggressive type of brain tumour. And, the survival time for glioblastoma is sadly short on average. […] Your doctor cant be absolutely certain about what will happen to you following a brain tumour diagnosis. But, they can give you an estimate, based on your tumour type and current situation. […] The average glioblastoma survival time is 12-18 months only 25% of patients survive more than one year, and only 5% of patients survive more than five years. […] Please remember that statistics and averages cant tell you what will happen to you specifically.

• #26

  https://braintumourresearch.org/pages/types-of-brain-tumours-glioblastoma-multiforme-gbm?srsltid=AfmBOoqCsKbFhnZfe6j4Gy73VIe6jQ59JBm1ezQbTuzooZ-quUDCNMIT

  The standard treatment for glioblastoma typically involves surgery to remove as much of the tumour as possible, followed by radiation therapy and chemotherapy to help slow the growth of any remaining cancer cells. While this treatment approach can help to extend survival and improve the quality of life for some patients, cancer typically returns and continues to progress despite treatment. […] It varies – the average survival time is devastatingly short just 12-18 months. Only 25% of glioblastoma patients survive more than one year and 5% of patients survive more than five years. Less than 1% of all patients with a glioblastoma live for more than ten years, so in the majority of cases, it is fatal.

• #27 Predicting survival of glioblastoma from automatic whole-brain and tumor segmentation of MR images

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9671967/

  Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor in adults. Prognosis is generally very poor, with a median overall survival (OS) of less than 15 months, and a 5-year OS rate of only 10%, even when aggressively treated. […] The proposed Hd95 features contain some information about where the tumor is located in the brain and its size, both of which have been studied before and shown to carry prognostic value. […] The proposed Hd95 features measure how much each brain structure is deformed compared to its expected shape in the absence of pathology, and therefore they contain information about the location of the tumor, which has been shown previously to be a prognostic factor for OS. […] Nevertheless, our results show that the proposed Hd95 features carry richer prognostic information for predicting OS than tumor location alone.

• #28 Predicting survival of glioblastoma from automatic whole-brain and tumor segmentation of MR images | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-19223-3

  Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor in adults. Prognosis is generally very poor, with a median overall survival (OS) of less than 15 months, and a 5-year OS rate of only 10%, even when aggressively treated. Following standard therapy, OS and progression-free survival (PFS) have been shown to correlate with several patient-specific features such as age, performance status and expression of O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT). However, the prognostic value of these features is still too low to guide treatment choices in individual patients. […] The proposed Hd95 features contain some information about where the tumor is located in the brain and its size, both of which have been studied before and shown to carry prognostic value. […] The best model for OS was achieved by combining the proposed features with the previously known prognostic clinical features: further addition of CoM, TCV, and CEV did not provide significant improvement.

• #29 Stage IV brain cancer prognosis: What to know

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/stage-iv-brain-cancer-prognosis

  The outlook for stage 4 brain cancer depends on a wide range of factors. These include the type of brain cancer, how fast it grows, the tumors location on the brain, and an individuals overall health. […] The National Brain Tumor Society estimates that the overall relative survival rate for someone with a malignant brain tumor is 35.7%. However, this varies depending on the type of tumor. […] If a person has glioblastoma, doctors estimate that they will survive for 12 to 18 months after diagnosis. […] According to a 2023 article, a grade 4 astrocytoma has an estimated survival time of around 1 year. […] The relative 5-year survival rate for people with diffuse midline glioma is around 42.2%. […] In a 2022 review of 27 studies involving 135 people, the median overall survival was 17.3 months.

• #30 Stage IV brain cancer prognosis: What to know

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/stage-iv-brain-cancer-prognosis

  The outlook for stage 4 brain cancer depends on a wide range of factors. These include the type of brain cancer, how fast it grows, the tumors location on the brain, and an individuals overall health. […] The National Brain Tumor Society estimates that the overall relative survival rate for someone with a malignant brain tumor is 35.7%. However, this varies depending on the type of tumor. […] If a person has glioblastoma, doctors estimate that they will survive for 12 to 18 months after diagnosis. […] According to a 2023 article, a grade 4 astrocytoma has an estimated survival time of around 1 year. […] The relative 5-year survival rate for people with diffuse midline glioma is around 42.2%. […] In a 2022 review of 27 studies involving 135 people, the median overall survival was 17.3 months.

• #31 Multi-Channel 3D Deep Feature Learning for Survival Time Prediction of Brain Tumor Patients Using Multi-Modal Neuroimages | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-37387-9

  High-grade gliomas are the most aggressive malignant brain tumors. Accurate pre-operative prognosis for this cohort can lead to better treatment planning. […] Conventional survival prediction based on clinical information is subjective and could be inaccurate. […] This study indicates highly demanded effectiveness on prognosis of deep learning technique in neuro-oncological applications for better individualized treatment planning towards precision medicine. […] Presurgical prognosis of the high-grade gliomas is highly desired in clinical practice for better treatment planning, but still challenging compared to low-grade gliomas. […] These findings indicate that the traditional prognosis prediction based on the simple clinical and demographical information may not be adequately accurate.

• #32 Multi-Channel 3D Deep Feature Learning for Survival Time Prediction of Brain Tumor Patients Using Multi-Modal Neuroimages | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-37387-9

  Instead, based on the abundant non-invasive multi-modal neuroimaging data acquired prior to any invasive examination or surgery, a more accurate prognosis model for high-grade gliomas could be established, which is of great clinical importance and could benefit both treatment planning and patient care. […] Accurate pre-operative prognosis for this high-grade glioma can lead to better treatment planning. […] Our proposed framework is able to work well on a small dataset. […] The extracted features were then fed into a binary SVM classifier. […] The performance of our supervised CNN-based learned features was compared with the performances of several other state-of-the-art methods, including those using the traditional handcrafted features. […] Overall, our proposed method shows its great promise in multi-modal MRI-based diagnosis or prognosis for a wider spectrum of neurological and psychiatric diseases.

• #33 Multi-Channel 3D Deep Feature Learning for Survival Time Prediction of Brain Tumor Patients Using Multi-Modal Neuroimages | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-37387-9

  Instead, based on the abundant non-invasive multi-modal neuroimaging data acquired prior to any invasive examination or surgery, a more accurate prognosis model for high-grade gliomas could be established, which is of great clinical importance and could benefit both treatment planning and patient care. […] Accurate pre-operative prognosis for this high-grade glioma can lead to better treatment planning. […] Our proposed framework is able to work well on a small dataset. […] The extracted features were then fed into a binary SVM classifier. […] The performance of our supervised CNN-based learned features was compared with the performances of several other state-of-the-art methods, including those using the traditional handcrafted features. […] Overall, our proposed method shows its great promise in multi-modal MRI-based diagnosis or prognosis for a wider spectrum of neurological and psychiatric diseases.

• #34 Predicting survival of glioblastoma from automatic whole-brain and tumor segmentation of MR images | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-19223-3

  The proposed Hd95 features measure how much each brain structure is deformed compared to its expected shape in the absence of pathology, and therefore they contain information about the location of the tumor, which has been shown previously to be a prognostic factor for OS. Nevertheless, our results show that the proposed Hd95 features carry richer prognostic information for predicting OS than tumor location alone. […] The features proposed in this paper readily generalize across datasets: They are independent of scanner and imaging parameters, and they can be computed from both pre- or post-operative images; from data that is skull-stripped or not; and from subjects with missing modalities.

• #35

  https://braintumourresearch.org/pages/types-of-brain-tumours-glioblastoma-multiforme-gbm?srsltid=AfmBOoqCsKbFhnZfe6j4Gy73VIe6jQ59JBm1ezQbTuzooZ-quUDCNMIT

  The standard treatment for glioblastoma typically involves surgery to remove as much of the tumour as possible, followed by radiation therapy and chemotherapy to help slow the growth of any remaining cancer cells. While this treatment approach can help to extend survival and improve the quality of life for some patients, cancer typically returns and continues to progress despite treatment. […] It varies – the average survival time is devastatingly short just 12-18 months. Only 25% of glioblastoma patients survive more than one year and 5% of patients survive more than five years. Less than 1% of all patients with a glioblastoma live for more than ten years, so in the majority of cases, it is fatal.

• #36 Update for astrocytomas: medical and surgical management considerations

  https://www.explorationpub.com/Journals/en/Article/10069

  Studies have shown a significant association between methylated MGMT and longer survival as well as decreased tumor size over the course of treatment. […] The grading of astrocytomas is based on histological observations and cellular markers. […] Grade 1 tumors include PA, which is the most common primary CNS tumor in children aged 5-14. […] With a 10-year survival over 90%, pediatric PAs are amenable to surgery and hold an excellent prognosis if completely excised. […] For grade 4 astrocytomas (GB), 2-year PFS is an abysmal 10%. […] IDH mutations in high-grade astrocytomas are extremely relevant to prognosis, with wild-type IDH AAs typically displaying worse prognosis than IDH-mutated GB. […] The combination of WBRT using 5,000-6,000 rad in addition to surgical resection of malignant gliomas revealed significant survival benefit in comparison to surgical resection alone.

• #37 Update for astrocytomas: medical and surgical management considerations

  https://www.explorationpub.com/Journals/en/Article/10069

  The use of TMZ was also assessed in patients with low-grade glioma (astrocytoma, oligoastrocytoma, or oligodendroglioma) compared to RT-alone. […] Despite survival benefits with multimodal management of astrocytomas, iatrogenic toxicities and adverse events do exist and afflict patients both short- and long-term. […] Overall, each treatment comes with its own unique risks and potential reduction in quality of life.

• #38 Survival statistics for brain and spinal cord tumours | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/brain-and-spinal-cord/prognosis-and-survival/survival-statistics

  Survival statistics for brain and spinal cord tumours are very general estimates and must be interpreted very carefully. Because these statistics are based on the experience of groups of people, they cannot be used to predict a particular persons chances of survival. […] In Canada, the 5-year net survival for all brain and central nervous system tumours is 22%. This means that about 22% of people diagnosed with brain and central nervous system tumours will survive at least 5 years. […] Survival varies with each grade and particular type or subtype of brain and spinal cord tumour. The following factors can also affect survival for brain and spinal cord tumours. However, survival rates for brain tumours will vary widely, depending on the type of tumour, its grade and the location in the brain.

• #39 Glioblastoma Prognosis | Survival Rates

  https://www.thebraintumourcharity.org/brain-tumour-diagnosis-treatment/types-of-brain-tumour-adult/glioblastoma/glioblastoma-prognosis/

  Glioblastoma prognosis is when your doctor or medical team explains what you might expect from your diagnosis. […] Glioblastoma is a an aggressive type of brain tumour. And, the survival time for glioblastoma is sadly short on average. […] Your doctor cant be absolutely certain about what will happen to you following a brain tumour diagnosis. But, they can give you an estimate, based on your tumour type and current situation. […] The average glioblastoma survival time is 12-18 months only 25% of patients survive more than one year, and only 5% of patients survive more than five years. […] Please remember that statistics and averages cant tell you what will happen to you specifically.

• #40 Survival statistics for brain and spinal cord tumours | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/brain-and-spinal-cord/prognosis-and-survival/survival-statistics

  Survival statistics for brain and spinal cord tumours are very general estimates and must be interpreted very carefully. Because these statistics are based on the experience of groups of people, they cannot be used to predict a particular persons chances of survival. […] In Canada, the 5-year net survival for all brain and central nervous system tumours is 22%. This means that about 22% of people diagnosed with brain and central nervous system tumours will survive at least 5 years. […] Survival varies with each grade and particular type or subtype of brain and spinal cord tumour. The following factors can also affect survival for brain and spinal cord tumours. However, survival rates for brain tumours will vary widely, depending on the type of tumour, its grade and the location in the brain.

• #41 Staging and Prognosis for Brain Cancer | Cancer Council NSW

  https://www.cancercouncil.com.au/brain-cancer/diagnosis/staging-prognosis/

  The tumour will be given a grade based on how the cells look compared to normal cells. The grade suggests how quickly the cancer may grow. […] Prognosis means the expected outcome of a disease. You may wish to discuss your individual prognosis and treatment options with your doctor, but it is not possible for anyone to predict the exact course of the disease. […] Several factors may affect your prognosis, including: the tumour type, location, grade and genetic make-up; your age, general health and family history; whether the tumour has damaged the surrounding healthy brain tissue; how well the tumour responds to treatment. […] Both low-grade and high-grade tumours can affect how the brain works and be life-threatening, but the prognosis may be better if the tumour is low grade, or if the surgeon is able to safely remove the entire tumour.

• #42 Glioblastoma Prognosis | Survival Rates

  https://www.thebraintumourcharity.org/brain-tumour-diagnosis-treatment/types-of-brain-tumour-adult/glioblastoma/glioblastoma-prognosis/

  Glioblastoma prognosis is when your doctor or medical team explains what you might expect from your diagnosis. […] Glioblastoma is a an aggressive type of brain tumour. And, the survival time for glioblastoma is sadly short on average. […] Your doctor cant be absolutely certain about what will happen to you following a brain tumour diagnosis. But, they can give you an estimate, based on your tumour type and current situation. […] The average glioblastoma survival time is 12-18 months only 25% of patients survive more than one year, and only 5% of patients survive more than five years. […] Please remember that statistics and averages cant tell you what will happen to you specifically.

• #43 Brain Tumor Facts

  https://braintumor.org/brain-tumors/about-brain-tumors/brain-tumor-facts/

  35.7% Relative Survival Rate for all patients with a malignant brain tumor […] For patients with malignant brain tumors, the five-year relative survival rate following diagnosis is 35.7% […] For the most common form of primary malignant brain tumors, glioblastoma, the five-year relative survival rate is only 6.9% and median survival is only 8 months […] An estimated 18,990 people will die because of a malignant brain tumor (brain cancer) in 2023 […] Brain cancer is estimated to be the 10th leading cause of cancer death in 2023 for both males and females in all age groups […] The five-year relative survival rate for adults diagnosed with a primary brain tumor is 72.5% […] The five-year relative survival rate for those ages 40+ years is 21% for malignant tumors and 90.3% for non-malignant tumors […] Survival rates for adult and pediatric patients with brain tumors have not changed significantly over the past 45 years despite major improvements made in the treatment of other cancers.

• #44 Survival statistics for brain and spinal cord tumours | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/brain-and-spinal-cord/prognosis-and-survival/survival-statistics

  Low-grade tumours have a more favourable prognosis than high-grade tumours. […] People younger than 65 years of age have a more favourable prognosis. […] People with a better performance status and neurological status have a more favourable prognosis. […] Tumours that can be surgically removed have a more favourable prognosis than tumours that can be partially removed or not removed. Tumours that are in parts of the brain where they cannot be easily removed by surgery have lower survival rates. […] Survival rates for those 65 or older are usually lower. […] Anaplastic or malignant meningioma (grade 3) These tumours have a median survival of less than 2 years. […] Only a doctor familiar with these factors can put all of this information together with survival statistics to arrive at a prognosis.

• #45 Stage IV brain cancer prognosis: What to know

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/stage-iv-brain-cancer-prognosis

  A persons doctor can provide them with more accurate information about the outlook based on the type of tumor. […] People with glioblastoma, the most common type of brain tumor, live for around 12 to 18 months after diagnosis. […] However, the outlook for stage 4 brain cancer can vary. It can depend on a persons age, overall health, the tumor size, the grade and location of the tumor, and how it responds to treatments. […] The main tumors that can reach stage 4 include glioblastomas, astrocytomas, diffuse hemispheric gliomas, diffuse midline gliomas, and embryonal tumors.

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