Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Pericarditis – after heart attack – UF Health

  https://ufhealth.org/conditions-and-treatments/pericarditis-after-heart-attack

  Dressler syndrome is thought to occur when the immune system attacks healthy heart tissue by mistake. […] A buildup of fluid in the covering of the heart or space around the lungs (pericardial effusion) is not common after a heart attack. But, it often does occur in some people with Dressler syndrome.

• #2 Dressler Syndrome: Not Just a Relic of the Past

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9681686/

  Dressler syndrome, also known as post-myocardial infarction syndrome, is a condition in which sterile pericarditis develops shortly after myocardial injury. […] While its incidence has greatly decreased in the modern era of coronary revascularization, it remains a clinically important entity with the potential for serious morbidity. […] Dressler syndrome is commonly associated with acute myocardial infarction (MI) but can present after cardiac surgeries, trauma to the thorax, electrophysiology (EP) procedures, and other insults to the myocardium or surrounding tissues. […] While historically more common, the improvement in coronary revascularization technologies has made Dressler syndrome a relatively rare occurrence with an estimated incidence of less than 1% of post-MI patients. […] Estimates vary but even prior to the advent of coronary revascularization, its incidence was estimated to be in the range of 3-5% by some studies.

• #3 Dressler syndrome – Knowledge and References – Taylor & Francis

  https://taylorandfrancis.com/knowledge/Medicine_and_healthcare/Cardiology/Dressler_syndrome/

  Dressler syndrome, also known as late post-myocardial infarction syndrome, is an autoimmune pericarditis that typically occurs 1-6 weeks after an acute coronary syndrome event. […] When first described, its incidence was estimated at 5–7% of myocardial infarctions, but it has become an uncommon entity with the many improvements achieved in the management of acute coronary syndrome. […] It is believed to occur secondary to formed antimyocardial antibodies as a delayed autoimmune process causing symptoms of pericarditis in the late post-myocardial infarction stage. […] The exact incidence of PCIS is difficult to determine, but has been reported to be in the order of 15–30% in the post-cardiac surgery population, <5% in the peri-infarction group and <1% in the late post-infarction group, also known as Dressler syndrome. [...] Furthermore, the incidence of pericardial complications after percutaneous coronary intervention is rare, reported as <0.5%, and between 1% and 5% for other interventional procedures, which is highly dependent on the type and complexity of procedure and use of anticoagulation.

• #4 Post-cardiac injury syndrome: aetiology, diagnosis, and treatment

  https://www.escardio.org/Journals/E-Journal-of-Cardiology-Practice/Volume-15/Post-cardiac-injury-syndrome-aetiology-diagnosis-and-treatment

  A prospective cohort study of 1,162 cases identified post-cardiac injury as the leading cause of pericarditis, accounting for 21% of patients. […] Dresslers syndrome, on the other hand, occurs two to eight weeks after infarction and is also very rare nowadays in clinical settings. Prior to the reperfusion era it had been reported with an incidence of 5%. Newer studies have reported the de facto disappearance of Dresslers syndrome, a fact that is not yet fully understood. […] Importantly, and in marked contrast to early infarct-associated pericarditis, Dresslers syndrome implies a relevant risk of recurrence.

• #5 Dressler Syndrome – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441988/

  In the initial study examining Dressler syndrome in 1956, William Dressler suggested that the syndrome would occur in approximately 3% to 4% of patients with myocardial infarction (MI). However, with modern improvements in managing acute myocardial infarctions, the condition is seen in much fewer patients. This may be attributable to successful interventions resulting in a reduction in the size of the infarct and subsequently damaged myocardium, thereby preventing the immune-mediated response seen in Dressler syndrome. […] The risk of developing Dressler syndrome tends to be greater in post-MI patients who have suffered a more extensive infarction. Also, relapses are more likely to occur if a patient has already had a previous Dressler syndrome episode. Additional predisposing factors for Dressler syndrome include: viral infections, surgeries involving more significant myocardial damage, younger age, prior history of pericarditis, prior treatment with prednisone, B negative blood type, and use of halothane anesthesia.

• #6 Dressler’s syndrome: Causes, symptoms, and treatments

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/dresslers-syndrome

  Dresslers syndrome is a rare but treatable type of inflammation in the sac surrounding the heart. It develops shortly after a heart injury, such as a heart attack, and may return after treatment. […] When physician William Dressler first described the condition in 1956, he suggested that 3% to 4% of people who had a heart attack might develop Dresslers syndrome. […] However, recent research suggests that modern treatments have almost eliminated the condition. However, this may be due to people underreporting and not reporting occurrences that do not cause symptoms. […] To help with a further evaluation, a doctor will likely check for Dresslers syndrome in any individuals who present with fatigue 2 weeks after a heart attack. […] Doctors can diagnose Dresslers syndrome using echocardiography scans, other imaging scans, and blood tests. Treatment often involves nonsteroidal or steroidal anti-inflammatory medications. However, if complications such as cardiac tamponade or constrictive pericarditis develop, the doctor might consider pericardiocentesis.

• #7 Dressler’s syndrome – Knowledge and References – Taylor & Francis

  https://taylorandfrancis.com/knowledge/Medicine_and_healthcare/Cardiology/Dressler%27s_syndrome/

  Dressler’s syndrome, also known as late post-myocardial infarction syndrome or post-infarction syndrome, is an autoimmune condition that typically occurs 1-6 weeks after a heart attack. It affects approximately 5% of patients and is considered a well-recognized post-cardiac injury syndrome. […] When first described, its incidence was estimated at 5–7% of myocardial infarctions, but it has become an uncommon entity with the many improvements achieved in the management of acute coronary syndrome. […] The exact incidence of PCIS is difficult to determine, but has been reported to be in the order of 15–30% in the post-cardiac surgery population, <5% in the peri-infarction group and <1% in the late post-infarction group, also known as Dressler syndrome.

• #8 Dressler Syndrome: Not Just a Relic of the Past

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9681686/

  With the emphasis on rapid revascularization as the cornerstone of treatment in acute MI, the incidence of post-MI syndrome has dropped even further and is now estimated to develop in as few as 1% of patients after MI. […] To increase prompt diagnoses of post-MI syndrome, clinicians should maintain a degree of suspicion for any patient presenting with new chest pain, fatigue, or signs/symptoms of active inflammation after sustaining MI. […] Once post-MI syndrome is confirmed or strongly suspected, treatment with colchicine and high-dose non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents such as aspirin or indomethacin should be considered to prevent refractory symptoms.

• #9 Dressler’s Syndrome | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/dresslers-syndrome

  How common is Dressler’s syndrome? (Epidemiology) The original paper by Dressler in 1956 suggested an incidence of 3-4% of all cases of acute MI. It is now much rarer, probably due to reperfusion methods of management of an acute MI, occurring in fewer than 1% of cases, with some studies suggesting it has disappeared altogether. The reduction may be due to the fact that active intervention reduces the size of the infarct and therefore the area of damaged myocardium. […] The reported incidence has been declining in recent years.

• #10 Dressler’s Syndrome: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17947-dresslers-syndrome

  Dresslers syndrome is rare, possibly because of medical advances in treating heart attacks. Only 0.1% of people who have a heart attack get Dresslers syndrome. […] Dresslers syndrome can happen in people of any age or race, but it appears to be more common in people who are 20 to 50 years old. […] Risk factors that make you more likely to get Dresslers syndrome include: Heart attack (myocardial infarction). Heart surgery. Heart procedure. Chest trauma as the result of an accident or injury. Previous use of prednisone (Rayos or Sterapred). Viral infection. Previous case of pericarditis. […] With early diagnosis and treatment, your prognosis is good. However, for 10% to 15% of people, Dresslers syndrome will come back.

• #11 Post-cardiac injury syndrome in the Emergency Department: mini-review

  https://www.immunologyresearchjournal.com/articles/postcardiac-injury-syndrome-in-the-emergency-department-minireview.html

  The incidence of PCIS is not entirely clear. Studies performed in post-MI patients in the era prior to reperfusion therapies reported different rates of PCIS, with incidences between almost 0% and 3%. Currently, Dressler syndrome seems to have largely disappeared in patients undergoing reperfusion strategies, perhaps due to decreased infarct size. In a cohort study of 201 consecutive patients with acute MI treated with fibrinolysis, only one patient developed post-cardiac injury syndrome, and this patient had no evidence of reperfusion. In a study by Imazio et al., of 743 patients with ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarctions treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention, early post-MI pericarditis was diagnosed in 31 patients (4.2%), while Dressler syndrome was recorded in only 1 patient (0.1%); both the conditions were associated with a larger ischemic area and/or late reperfusion.

• #12 Post-cardiac injury syndrome in the Emergency Department: mini-review

  https://www.immunologyresearchjournal.com/articles/postcardiac-injury-syndrome-in-the-emergency-department-minireview.html

  PPS has been reported to occur in 10 to 40% of patients after cardiac surgery, but the incidence is variable depending on the population studied. Van Osch D et al. in an observational study, reported an incidence of 14.5% of PCIS in 822 patients undergoing non emergent valve surgery, while in another study of 688 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), the authors reported an incidence of 9%, with 22% of patients requiring pleural drainage, and 5% pericardiocentesis. […] PCIS following electronic cardiac device implantation is a rare complication with a reported incidence of 1.61 cases per 1.000 procedures.

• #13 Journal of the Medical Association

  https://jpma.org.pk/index.php/public_html/article/view/8237

  Post-Cardiac Injury Syndrome (PCIS) akin to Dresslers syndrome is late-onset pericarditis that is triggered by the bodys immune system and presents commonly as pleuro-pericardial symptoms and raised inflammatory markers. Its occurrence following the insertion of a pacemaker has been reported infrequently and varies in different studies with an estimated prevalence of 1-2%. […] This report demonstrates the uncommon course of the disease and highlights the need to consider PCIS as a possible diagnosis in patients presenting with predominant pulmonary findings and suspect it early so that timely treatment can be started, thereby preventing complications.

• #14 Dressler syndrome | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/dressler-syndrome-1?embed_domain=external.radpair.com%27%5B0%5Dfavicon.ico&lang=us

  Once described as occurring in 1-5% of myocardial infarctions, the incidence has decreased owing to reperfusion (initially thrombolysis and following percutaneous coronary intervention) and may well be below 0.5% 2-3,5. […] Dressler syndrome is most likely immunomodulated.

• #15 Dressler Syndrome on the Electrocardiogram

  https://en.my-ekg.com/diseases/dressler-syndrome.html

  Prior to the reperfusion era it had been reported with an incidence of 5%. Newer studies have reported that this condition is seen in much fewer patients. […] This reduction of incidence may be attributable to early reperfusion resulting in a reduction in the size of the infarct and subsequently damaged myocardium. […] The effects of standard-of-care drugs, such as ACE inhibitors, some beta-blockers, statins, and aspirin, may also explain the reduced incidence of Dressler syndrome.

• #16 Dressler Syndrome | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/20700

  In the initial study examining Dressler syndrome in 1956, William Dressler suggested that the syndrome would occur in approximately 3% to 4% of patients with myocardial infarction (MI). However, with modern improvements in managing acute myocardial infarctions, the condition is seen in much fewer patients. This may be attributable to successful interventions resulting in a reduction in the size of the infarct and subsequently damaged myocardium, thereby preventing the immune-mediated response seen in Dressler syndrome. […] The risk of developing Dressler syndrome tends to be greater in post-MI patients who have suffered a more extensive infarction. Also, relapses are more likely to occur if a patient has already had a previous Dressler syndrome episode. Additional predisposing factors for Dressler syndrome include: viral infections, surgeries involving more significant myocardial damage, younger age, prior history of pericarditis, prior treatment with prednisone, B negative blood type, and use of halothane anesthesia.

• #17 Dressler’s syndrome demonstrated by late gadolinium enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance | Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance | Full Text

  https://jcmr-online.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1532-429X-11-23

  Secondary pericarditis can occur following myocardial infarction; this is relatively common acutely between 2 and 4 days after myocardial infarction. […] In contrast Dressler’s syndrome presents with a low-grade fever and chest pain 2 to 10 weeks after myocardial infarction, and is less common, affecting between 1 and 5% of patients. […] Since the introduction of reperfusion, with thrombolysis and balloon angioplasty, the incidence of DS has decreased. […] It is postulated that the diminution of the infarct size and the shortened time of exposure of myocardial antigens to the immune system may be responsible. […] However it has been suggested that the immunomodulatory properties of modern post-myocardial infarction drug therapies, such as ACE inhibitors, statins and B-blockers, may play a role.

• #18 Post-myocardial infarction (Dressler’s) syndrome following early reperfusion – The British Journal of Cardiology

  https://bjcardio.co.uk/2012/05/post-myocardial-infarction-dresslers-syndrome-following-early-reperfusion/

  We present a case of a 55-year-old female with a successfully reperfused myocardial infarction in whom Dresslers syndrome was subsequently diagnosed. There have been no reported cases in the literature of Dresslers syndrome following documented early coronary reperfusion, and its continued existence in the era of reperfusion has been questioned. […] Dresslers, or post-cardiac injury, syndrome is a well-recognised complication of myocardial infarction; however, following the introduction of thrombolysis and cardiac catheterisation its continued existence in the era of reperfusion has been questioned. […] To date, there has been no reported case of Dresslers syndrome following documented early reperfusion of a myocardial infarction. The presented case demonstrates that early reperfusion does not prevent this syndrome from occurring. In addition, since the patient received the standard anti-ischaemic medications (including ACE inhibitors, statins and beta blockers) the immuno-modulatory actions of these drugs are not completely protective. Essentially, this case serves as a reminder that Dresslers syndrome is a potential complication following a myocardial infarction, even in the era of reperfusion and with recent advances in medical care. Whether this syndrome is indeed on the verge of disappearing or it is simply being under-diagnosed, given lack of clinical suspicion, is a question that remains to be answered.

• #19 Dressler’s syndrome – wikidoc

  https://wikidoc.org/index.php/Dressler%27s_syndrome

  Incidence: In the setting of myocardial infarction, Dressler’s syndrome was classically reported to occur in about 3 to 4% of MI cases. […] However, the incidence has markedly decreased in the reperfusion era (between 0.5 to 2%), presumably because of smaller infarct sizes. […] Age: Dressler’s syndrome occurs more often in younger age groups. […] Gender: There is no gender predilection for Dressler’s syndrome. […] Race: There is no racial predilection for Dressler’s syndrome. […] Mortality rate: The prognosis is usually favorable with early treatment with a low mortality rate.

• #20 Dressler Syndrome – DoveMed

  https://www.dovemed.com/diseases-conditions/dressler-syndrome

  Dressler Syndrome is a rare form of pericarditis that occurs in the background of an injury to the chest/heart. […] It is more common in individuals in the 20-50 year age group. […] Both males and females may be affected, though the condition is more common in males. […] No racial, ethnic, or geographical preferences are seen. […] Dressler Syndrome risk factors may include the following: Post heart attack or myocardial infarction, Trauma to the chest due to other reasons such as a surgery or an accident, A previous diagnosis of acute pericarditis may increase the risk. […] Currently, Dressler Syndrome is a condition of the heart that may not be preventable. […] However, appropriate and early management of any trauma to the heart or chest region may result in reducing the risk for the same.

• #21 Dressler Syndrome | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/20700

  Finally, patients undergoing cardiac surgery that have a higher risk for developing Dressler syndrome are: younger age, have a B-negative blood type, prior history of pericarditis or treatment with prednisone. The above should raise clinical suspicion, and practitioners should be cautious to note early signs of the condition (e.g., chest pain, persistent de novo fever).

• #22 Dressler’s syndrome » Global Autoimmune Institute

  https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/dresslers-syndrome/

  People who have recently suffered a myocardial infarction are at risk of developing Dresslers syndrome. […] Additional factors linked to the disease include viral infection, recent heart surgery, prior history of pericarditis, prednisone treatment, age, blood type, and exposure to halothane anesthesia.

• #23 Dressler Syndrome (Postmyocardial Infarction Syndrome) – MD Searchlight

  https://mdsearchlight.com/heart-health/dressler-syndrome-postmyocardial-infarction-syndrome/

  Dressler syndrome, initially studied by William Dressler in 1956, used to be seen in around 3% to 4% of heart attack patients. However, thanks to improvements in heart attack treatments, the condition has become less common. This is likely because treatments today can reduce the size of the damaged heart tissue, which helps prevent the immune response that results in Dressler syndrome. […] The incidence of Dressler syndrome seems to be higher during periods when viral infections are more common in the general population. However, there’s not enough evidence to directly attribute Dressler syndrome to these infections. […] The risk of Dressler syndrome is higher in heart attack patients who’ve had extensive heart tissue damage. Recurrences of the condition are also more prevalent in patients who’ve had Dressler syndrome before. Moreover, there are certain factors that can increase the likelihood of Dressler syndrome as well: viral infections, surgeries that cause serious heart tissue damage, younger age, previous pericarditis (inflammation of the heart lining), prior treatment with a drug called prednisone, B negative blood type, and use of halothane anesthesia.

• #24 Dressler Syndrome – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441988/

  In terms of viral infections, a seasonal variation in the incidence of the condition has been noted, where the condition is seen more commonly when the prevalence of a viral infection in the community is greatest too. Though elevated viral titers are found in patients experiencing associated Dressler syndrome, viral components have not been isolated from the pericardium itself or the pleural effusion of these patients.

• #25 Dressler Syndrome (Postmyocardial Infarction Syndrome) – MD Searchlight

  https://mdsearchlight.com/heart-health/dressler-syndrome-postmyocardial-infarction-syndrome/?utm_source=pubmedlink&utm_campaign=MDS&utm_content=20700

  Dressler syndrome, initially studied by William Dressler in 1956, used to be seen in around 3% to 4% of heart attack patients. However, thanks to improvements in heart attack treatments, the condition has become less common. This is likely because treatments today can reduce the size of the damaged heart tissue, which helps prevent the immune response that results in Dressler syndrome. […] The incidence of Dressler syndrome seems to be higher during periods when viral infections are more common in the general population. However, there’s not enough evidence to directly attribute Dressler syndrome to these infections. […] Lastly, among patients who’ve undergone heart surgery, those at a higher risk of developing Dressler syndrome are typically younger, have a B-negative blood type, and have a previous history of pericarditis or prednisone treatment. Medical practitioners should watch out for early signs of the condition in these patients, like chest pain or consistent fever.

• #26 Dressler Syndrome | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/20700

  In terms of viral infections, a seasonal variation in the incidence of the condition has been noted, where the condition is seen more commonly when the prevalence of a viral infection in the community is greatest too. Though elevated viral titers are found in patients experiencing associated Dressler syndrome, viral components have not been isolated from the pericardium itself or the pleural effusion of these patients. […] Surgeries that result in greater damage to the myocardium (e.g., aortic valve replacement) are more likely to result in Dressler syndrome than those that cause less myocardial injury (e.g., mitral valve replacement). It is, however, important to note that Dressler syndrome can occur in patients that have undergone surgeries resulting in minimal trauma to the myocardium (e.g., needle puncture of a ventricle, CABG). Therefore, it is difficult to determine whether the extent of myocardial damage predicts the incidence of Dressler syndrome.

• #27 43 Dressler’s syndrome post left atrial appendage occlusion: a rare diagnoses resurfaces | Heart

  https://heart.bmj.com/content/108/Suppl_3/A36

  Dresslers Syndrome also known as post myocardial infarction syndrome is a secondary pericarditis that can occur after cardiac myocyte damage. […] DS has a significantly declining incidence due to the improved and more aggressive revascularisation techniques currently in use. […] DS is a rare complication of the LAAO procedure with one study documenting a 1% incidence. […] The association of DS as a complication post LAAO is exceptionally rare. Its uniqueness may be attributable to several causal factors including its ability to mimic more common conditions, along with its declining incidence via improved revascularisation techniques.

• #28 Understanding Dressler’s Syndrome: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment – The Kingsley Clinic

  https://thekingsleyclinic.com/resources/understanding-dresslers-syndrome-causes-symptoms-treatment/

  Dressler’s syndrome is a serious condition that requires prompt recognition. Research suggests it occurs in approximately 1-5% of patients following a heart attack or cardiac surgery. […] Advances in medical care and early intervention have reduced its prevalence, but it remains a concern for individuals recovering from heart trauma. Identifying symptoms early and seeking timely medical care can significantly improve outcomes and help prevent complications.

• #29 Pericardial and Pleural Effusions After STEMI

  https://www.acc.org/Education-and-Meetings/Patient-Case-Quizzes/2022/03/07/13/30/Pericardial-and-Pleural-Effusions-After-STEMI

  Dr. William Dressler’s initial descriptions of „The Post Myocardial Infarction (MI) Syndrome” in the late 1950s catalogue a prolonged illness characterized by waxing and waning pleuritic chest pain, fevers, and an evanescent friction rub in the weeks following presentation with MI. The pathophysiology of Dressler syndrome was later elucidated to be autoimmune in nature, driven by an adaptive immune response against cardiac antigens released into the bloodstream during myocardial injury. Dressler syndrome is distinct from acute post-infarct pericarditis in its timing; while the former is delayed by weeks after presentation with infarct, the latter occurs within hours to days of MI. […] This case illustrates a typical presentation of Dressler syndrome. Though it is rare, Dressler syndrome is important for the clinician to recognize. This patient’s presentation with enlarging pericardial and pleural effusions 2 weeks after suffering a STEMI is typical for Dressler syndrome. Indeed, Dr. Dressler’s initial descriptions included patients who developed pleural effusions. The pleural space can be involved in up to 80% of patients with delayed post-infarct pericarditis; typically, these effusions are left-sided, exudative by Light’s criteria, and serosanguineous or hemorrhagic in nature. […] In our patient, no alternative cause was found, so both the pericardial and pleural effusions were caused by Dressler syndrome.

Zobacz więcej