Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Dressler Syndrome – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441988/

  Dressler syndrome, also known as postmyocardial infarction syndrome, is a form of secondary pericarditis with or without pericardial effusion that occurs as a result of injury to the heart or pericardium. Given its wide-ranging clinical presentation, Dressler syndrome can be difficult for health professionals to recognize. This activity reviews the clinical presentation, evaluation, and management of patients with Dressler syndrome and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in caring for patients with this condition. […] The standard diagnostic procedure and most sensitive imaging study for evaluating a patient with suspected Dressler syndrome is an echocardiogram (echo). An echo will allow for evaluation of the pericardial fluid, if present, and help discern the exact cause of reduced cardiac output (i.e., determine whether truly DS or another condition such as congestive heart failure). An echo will further allow for the evaluation of ventricular contractility, in addition to the assessment of the potential risk of cardiac tamponade (i.e., if cardiac chambers appear compressed by pericardial fluid). The more pericardial fluid that accumulates, the easier it is to detect its presence by echocardiography.

• #2 Mayo Clinic Health Library – Dressler syndrome | Swiss Medical Network

  https://www.swissmedical.net/en/healtcare-library/con-20371798

  Diagnosis of Dressler syndrome starts with a physical exam from your healthcare professional. The exams includes listening to the heart with a device called a stethoscope. A sound called a pericardial rub can happen when the pericardium is inflamed or when fluid has collected around the heart. […] Tests that can help find out if you have Dressler syndrome include: […] Complete blood count. Most people with Dressler syndrome have an increased white blood cell count. […] Blood tests to measure inflammation. A blood test can check the level of C-reactive protein made by the liver. A higher level of this protein can be a sign of inflammation that’s linked with Dressler syndrome. Another blood test called erythrocyte sedimentation rate measures how fast red blood cells sink to the bottom of a test tube. When they sink fast, it can be a sign of more inflammation.

• #2 Mayo Clinic Health Library – Dressler syndrome | Swiss Medical Network

  https://www.swissmedical.net/en/healtcare-library/con-20371798

  Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG). This quick test checks the electrical activity of the heart. It shows how the heart is beating. Sticky patches called electrodes attach to the chest and sometimes the arms and legs. Wires connect the electrodes to a computer that prints or displays the test results. Certain changes in the heart’s electrical signals can be a sign of pressure on the heart. But these changes can happen after heart surgery, so the results of other tests are needed to confirm whether you have Dressler syndrome. […] Chest X-ray. A chest X-ray can help detect fluid around the heart or lungs. It also can help find out if the fluid is caused by a different condition, such as pneumonia. […] Echocardiogram. Sound waves make an image of the heart to show if fluid is collecting around it. […] Cardiac MRI. This test uses sound waves to create still or moving pictures of how blood flows through the heart. This test can show thickening of the pericardium.

• #3 Dressler’s Syndrome: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17947-dresslers-syndrome

  Dresslers syndrome is a kind of pericarditis, or inflammation of the sac around the outside of your heart. […] Medicine usually provides good results, but quick treatment is important. […] Dresslers syndrome usually occurs within one to six weeks after heart surgery or a heart attack, but it can take up to several months for symptoms to develop. […] Your healthcare provider will perform a physical exam and ask about your medical history, including any type of heart condition you may have. […] Your healthcare provider may order tests to rule out other conditions that have similar symptoms. […] Theyll make a diagnosis of Dresslers syndrome based on the combination of: Your symptoms, The presence of a pericardial friction rub (a scratchy sound they hear with a stethoscope when your inflamed pericardial layers rub together), Test results.

• #3 Dressler’s Syndrome: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17947-dresslers-syndrome

  If your provider thinks you may have Dresslers syndrome, youll need to have further testing. […] These tests may include: Blood tests, Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG), Chest X-rays, Echocardiogram, Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and CT scan. […] Your healthcare provider can treat Dresslers syndrome with medications. […] The main treatment is usually either aspirin or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen or naproxen. […] If you cant take aspirin or NSAIDs or they arent working, your provider may prescribe: Colchicine, Steroids (prednisone). […] Your provider also may want to send a sample of your pericardial fluid to the lab. […] Total treatment time is typically four to six weeks. […] With early diagnosis and treatment, your prognosis is good. However, for 10% to 15% of people, Dresslers syndrome will come back. […] Be sure to keep taking the medicines your healthcare provider prescribed and follow the instructions they gave you.

• #4 Post-cardiac injury syndrome: aetiology, diagnosis, and treatment

  https://www.escardio.org/Journals/E-Journal-of-Cardiology-Practice/Volume-15/Post-cardiac-injury-syndrome-aetiology-diagnosis-and-treatment

  Diagnostic criteria for PPS validated in three large clinical trials encompass five features, two of which have to be met in order to diagnose PPS: fever without alternative causes, pleuritic chest pain, friction rub and evidence of new or worsening pleural or pericardial effusion. […] Colchicine has been proven effective for the reduction of recurrences in pericarditis. However, there are insufficient data on its use in PCIS treatment. […] Nevertheless, the 2015 European Society of Cardiology guidelines endorsed administration of colchicine in PCIS. […] Recurrence of PCIS has been reported to be lower than recurrences of idiopathic pericarditis, ranging between 10% and 15%. […] Therefore, affected patients need long-term follow-up.

• #5 Dressler’s syndrome – WikEM

  https://wikem.org/wiki/Dressler%27s_syndrome

  Need 2 of the following diagnostic criteria for acute pericarditis […] Chest pain (typically sharp and pleuritic, improved by sitting up and leaning forward) […] Pericardial friction rub […] New or worsening pericardial effusion […] Suggestive ECG changes […] Appropriate time-frame: 1 week to approximately 3 months after cardiac injury.

• #6 Post-cardiac injury syndrome in the Emergency Department: mini-review

  https://www.immunologyresearchjournal.com/articles/postcardiac-injury-syndrome-in-the-emergency-department-minireview.html

  The diagnosis is clinical and could be challenging in the Emergency Department (ED). […] According to the 2015 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines for the diagnosis and management of pericardial diseases in patients with a history of previous myocardial injury (most commonly 1 week to 3 months before the presentation), the diagnosis of PCIS is made if the patient meets two of these five criteria: fever without an alternative explication, pericardial and/or pleuritic chest pain, pleural or pericardial rubs, pericardial and/or pleural effusion, typical laboratory findings including elevated white blood counts and increased CRP. […] The differential diagnosis of PCIS includes several conditions: infectious or malignant pleuropericarditis, pulmonary embolism, blunt chest wall trauma, oesophageal rupture, pneumothorax and connective tissue disorders. […] This diagnosis should be considered in all patients with a history of a recent cardiac surgery or procedure, presenting after a latent period (weeks to months) with pleuritic chest pain and fever. […] Most patients respond satisfactorily to the combination of a NSAID and colchicine.

• #7 Dressler’s syndrome – wikidoc

  https://wikidoc.org/index.php/Dressler%27s_syndrome

  Dressler’s syndrome results from an autoimmune inflammatory reaction to myocardial neo-antigens. The diagnostic criteria of Dressler’s syndrome depend on pleuritic chest pain, pericardial friction rub, ECG changes, and echocardiography-detected pericardial effusion. […] Diagnostic criteria do not differ from those for acute pericarditis including two of the following criteria: (i) pleuritic chest pain (8590% of cases); (ii) pericardial friction rub ( 33% of cases); (iii) ECG changes ( 60% of cases), with new widespread ST-segment elevation, usually mild and progressive, or PR depression in the acute phase; and (iv) pericardial effusion ( 60% of cases and generally mild). […] The laboratory work-up of patients with Dressler’s syndrome may include: Blood culture: can differentiate between inflammatory and infectious pericarditis (should be negative in Dressler’s syndrome).

• #8

  https://step2.medbullets.com/cardiovascular/120028/pericarditis

  Diagnosis is made when MI and pneumonia are ruled out with imaging and ECG, and PR depression is highly specific for pericarditis. […] Acute pericarditis requires 2/4 of the following criteria to be present to diagnose: pericardial chest pain, pericardial rub, new widespread ST-elevation or PR depression on ECG, new or worsening pericardial effusion.

• #9 Dressler syndrome – Augusta HealthSearchClose SearchSearch IconSearch IconClose Search IconMobile Menu IconMobile Menu Close IconInstagramFacebookTwitterYoutube

  https://www.augustahealth.com/disease/dressler-syndrome/

  Your doctor will do a thorough physical examination, including listening to your heart with a stethoscope. A specific sound, called a pericardial rub, can occur when your pericardium is inflamed or when fluid has collected around your heart. […] Your doctor might then recommend tests, such as: […] Complete blood count. Most people with Dressler syndrome have an increased white blood cell (WBC) count. […] Blood tests to measure inflammation. A higher than normal level of C-reactive protein and an increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (sed rate) can indicate inflammation that’s consistent with Dressler syndrome. […] Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG). This painless, quick test records electrical signals in your heart through wires attached to your skin. Certain changes in the electrical signals can indicate pressure on your heart. But EKG readings may be abnormal after heart surgery, so your doctor will consider results of additional tests when diagnosing Dressler syndrome.

• #10 Dressler syndrome | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/dressler-syndrome-1?embed_domain=external.radpair.com%2527%255b0%255dfavicon.icoradiopaedia-icon-144.pngfavicon.icofavicon.ico&lang=us

  Dressler syndrome (DS) is a delayed immune-mediated or secondary pericarditis developing weeks to months after a myocardial infarction (MI). […] Patients typically present from one week to a few months after large myocardial infarction. […] Typical signs comprise: leukocytosis and raised inflammatory markers, pericardial friction rub (murmurs by auscultation). […] The clinical course is most often benign. Conservative management includes NSAIDs and colchicine. However, tamponade and free wall rupture may occur, necessitating urgent surgery.

• #11 Dressler syndrome // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/dressler-syndrome

  A health care provider does a thorough physical examination, including listening to the heart with a stethoscope. A sound called a pericardial rub can occur when the pericardium is inflamed or when fluid has collected around the heart. […] Tests that can help diagnose Dressler syndrome include: […] Complete blood count. Most people with Dressler syndrome have an increased white blood cell count. […] Blood tests to measure inflammation. An increased level of C-reactive protein and an increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (sed rate) can indicate inflammation that’s consistent with Dressler syndrome. […] Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG). This painless, quick test records electrical signals in the heart through wires attached to the skin. Certain changes in the electrical signals can indicate pressure on the heart. But these changes can exist after heart surgery, so the results of other tests are needed to diagnose Dressler syndrome.

• #12 Dressler Syndrome – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441988/

  While definitive evaluation with an echocardiogram is the gold standard, bedside cardiac ultrasound by a skilled emergency physician may be necessary. These patients are at risk for cardiac tamponade, and care should NOT be delayed while awaiting formal echocardiography. […] Blood cultures should be obtained early in the workup of Dressler syndrome as this will help differentiate between inflammatory versus infectious causes of the patients condition. In the case of true Dressler syndrome, blood cultures should be negative. […] Laboratory studies that may help point toward a diagnosis of Dressler syndrome include an elevated white blood cell count (with a leftward shift) and elevated acute phase reactants (e.g., erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein). Additionally, a high titer of anti-heart antibodies may present in serology.

• #13 Dressler’s Syndrome | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/dresslers-syndrome

  Diagnosing Dressler’s syndrome (investigations) […] FBC will show leukocytosis, sometimes with eosinophilia and an elevated ESR/CRP. […] Serology may show heart autoantibodies. […] Blood cultures will help in excluding an infectious cause of pericarditis. […] ECG usually shows ST elevation in most leads with or without reciprocal ST depression. […] Echocardiography shows pericardial effusion and helps to exclude other causes for symptoms. […] MRI scan may show an effusion where this is difficult to assess by echocardiography. […] CXR may be normal or may show pleural effusions, parenchymal opacities, or an enlarged cardiac silhouette.

• #14 Dressler syndrome – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dressler_syndrome

  Dressler syndrome needs to be differentiated from pulmonary embolism, another identifiable cause of pleuritic (and non-pleuritic) chest pain in people who have been hospitalized and/or undergone surgical procedures within the preceding weeks. […] Elevated ESR is an objective but nonspecific laboratory finding.

• #15 Pericarditis – Knowledge @ AMBOSS

  https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/pericarditis/

  Dressler syndrome; : weeks to months after an acute myocardial infarction. […] Rule out other causes of acute chest pain (e.g., myocardial infarction, myocarditis) before making a diagnosis of acute pericarditis. […] At least two of the following four criteria must be present for a diagnosis of acute pericarditis: […] The goal of imaging is to identify any new pericardial effusion and rule out alternative etiologies. […] Echocardiography is often normal in patients with pericarditis but is needed to rule out pericardial tamponade and pericardial constriction. […] Elevation of inflammatory markers may support the diagnosis of pericarditis but are not considered to be a part of the diagnostic criteria. […] Pericardiocentesis with pericardial fluid analysis […] The diagnosis of constrictive pericarditis is based on characteristic imaging findings (most commonly echocardiography but MRI and CT may be used). […] The diagnostic findings of effusive-constrictive pericarditis are similar to those of pericardial effusion, with the exception that in addition to pericardial effusion, pericardial thickening may also be seen.

• #16 *Dressler Syndrome* What is… – BB Medical EducationFacebookShared with Public

  https://www.facebook.com/bendreajay/posts/dressler-syndromewhat-is-dressler-syndromedressler-syndrome-is-a-type-of-pericar/346051010496067/

  Chest X-ray. An X-ray can help detect fluid building up around the heart or lungs and can help exclude other causes of your symptoms, such as pneumonia. […] Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A cardiac MRI uses sound waves to create still or moving pictures of how blood flows through the heart. This test can show thickening of the pericardium. […] Complete blood count. Most people with Dressler syndrome have an increased white blood cell (WBC) count. […] Blood tests to measure inflammation. A higher than normal level of C-reactive protein and an increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (sed rate) can indicate inflammation that’s consistent with Dressler syndrome.

• #17 Acute Pericarditis: Diagnosis and Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2014/0401/p553.html

  Acute pericarditis is the most common affliction of the pericardium. It is diagnosed in approximately 0.1% of patients hospitalized for chest pain and in 5% of patients admitted to the emergency department for chest pain unrelated to acute myocardial infarction (MI).1 […] Diagnosis requires at least two of the following criteria: characteristic sharp, pleuritic chest pain; pericardial friction rub; suggestive changes on electrocardiography; and a new or worsening pericardial effusion.15 In addition to a history, physical examination, and electrocardiography, evaluation includes chest radiography and laboratory studies to support the diagnosis, such as complete blood count, basic metabolic panel, troponin-I and creatine kinase levels, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and serum C-reactive protein [CRP] level2,7,15.

• #18 Acute Pericarditis: Diagnosis and Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2014/0401/p553.html

  Transthoracic echocardiography should be performed to exclude a pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade.19 Small (less than 10 mm of echo-free space in diastole) and moderate (10 to 20 mm) pericardial effusions (79% and 10%, respectively) were found in 180 of 300 consecutive patients (60%) with acute pericarditis.10 If suspected purulent, tuberculous, or neoplastic pericarditis or an effusion that is refractory to treatment causes hemodynamic compromise or cardiac tamponade, then pericardiocentesis and possible pericardial biopsy are indicated.9 […] Clinical presentation should dictate other testing and imaging to determine the etiology of the pericarditis. Human immunodeficiency virus assay, antinuclear antibody, rheumatoid factor, tuberculin skin testing, or quantiferon tuberculosis assay should be considered in immunocompromised or high-risk patients.2

• #19 Dressler Syndrome | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/20700

  Dressler syndrome (DS), also known as postmyocardial infarction syndrome, is a form of secondary pericarditis with or without pericardial effusion resulting from injury to the heart or pericardium. Though not a common condition, Dressler syndrome should be considered in all patients presenting with persistent malaise or fatigue following a myocardial infarction (MI) or cardiac surgery, especially if symptoms present greater than two weeks following the event. […] The standard diagnostic procedure and most sensitive imaging study for evaluating a patient with suspected Dressler syndrome is an echocardiogram (echo). An echo will allow for evaluation of the pericardial fluid, if present, and help discern the exact cause of reduced cardiac output (i.e., determine whether truly DS or another condition such as congestive heart failure). An echo will further allow for the evaluation of ventricular contractility, in addition to the assessment of the potential risk of cardiac tamponade (i.e., if cardiac chambers appear compressed by pericardial fluid). The more pericardial fluid that accumulates, the easier it is to detect its presence by echocardiography.

• #20 Dressler Syndrome | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/20700

  While definitive evaluation with an echocardiogram is the gold standard, bedside cardiac ultrasound by a skilled emergency physician may be necessary. These patients are at risk for cardiac tamponade, and care should NOT be delayed while awaiting formal echocardiography. […] Blood cultures should be obtained early in the workup of Dressler syndrome as this will help differentiate between inflammatory versus infectious causes of the patients condition. In the case of true Dressler syndrome, blood cultures should be negative. […] Laboratory studies that may help point toward a diagnosis of Dressler syndrome include an elevated white blood cell count (with a leftward shift) and elevated acute phase reactants (e.g., erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein). Additionally, a high titer of anti-heart antibodies may present in serology.

• #21 Dressler’s syndrome – wikidoc

  https://wikidoc.org/index.php/Dressler%27s_syndrome

  An ECG may demonstrate: ST segment elevation, T-wave inversion (as with pericarditis), PR depression, variations in the amplitude or directionality of QRS from beat to beat and/or a low voltage QRS. […] Echocardiography is used to confirm the presence of pericardial fluid and evaluate the potential risk of cardiac tamponade.

• #22 Electrocardiographic Manifestations and Differential Diagnosis of Acute Pericarditis | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/1998/0215/p699.html

  The electrocardiogram (ECG) is a useful, simple tool that may aid in the diagnosis of acute pericarditis. Typical ECG findings include diffuse concave-upward ST-segment elevation and, occasionally, PR-segment depression. […] The electrocardiogram (ECG) is very useful in the diagnosis of acute pericarditis. Characteristic manifestations of acute pericarditis on ECG most commonly include diffuse ST-segment elevation. […] The most sensitive ECG change characteristic of acute pericarditis is ST-segment elevation, which reflects the abnormal repolarization that develops secondary to pericardial inflammation. […] Another feature that may aid in differentiating acute pericarditis from acute myocardial infarction is the absence of Q waves and the absence of T-wave inversion at the time of ST-segment elevation, both of which classically occur with acute myocardial infarction.

• #23 LearningRadiology – Postpericardiotomy, Syndrome, Dressler’s

  http://learningradiology.com/archives2011/COW%20464-PPS/ppscorrect.htm

  Symptoms typically appear 2-3 weeks following infarct/surgery sometimes years. […] Diagnosis can usually be made from a combination of the clinical picture and chest radiographs (95% abnormal).

• #24 Dressler’s syndrome demonstrated by late gadolinium enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance | Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance | Full Text

  https://jcmr-online.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1532-429X-11-23

  A 49-year old patient presented late with an anterolateral ST-elevation myocardial infarction and was treated with rescue angioplasty to an occluded left anterior descending artery. […] Cardiovascular magnetic resonance 5 weeks after the acute presentation showed transmural infarction and global late gadolinium enhancement of the pericardium in keeping with Dressler’s syndrome. […] The clinical presentation can be classical, with pleuritic pain and an associated pericardial rub; however the differential diagnosis includes further acute coronary syndrome and pulmonary embolism which may result in the need for further diagnostic investigation. […] This case demonstrates that global pericardial inflammation in Dressler’s syndrome can be clearly visualised by LGE on CMR. This may prove clinically useful when trying to establish a cause for atypical post-myocardial infarction pain without requiring exposure to invasive procedures or ionizing radiation.

• #25 Dressler’s Syndrome Treatment | Mya Care

  https://myacare.com/procedure/dressler-s-syndrome-treatment

  Imaging: Imaging studies, such as echocardiography and chest X-rays, can help visualize pericardial effusion, which is a common finding in Dressler syndrome. Echocardiography can also assess cardiac function and rule out other cardiac complications. […] Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG): An ECG may be performed to assess changes in heart rhythm and electrical activity, which can help differentiate Dressler syndrome from other cardiac issues. […] CT or MRI: To see the pericardium and surrounding structures in greater detail, computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be done. […] Pericardiocentesis: If there is a large pericardial effusion or clinical suspicion of cardiac tamponade, a pericardiocentesis (draining of the pericardial fluid) may be necessary both for diagnosis and therapeutic purposes.

• #26 Dressler Syndrome: Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/dressler-syndrome

  Diagnosing Dressler syndrome is difficult because its symptoms are similar to those of many other conditions. […] A doctor may suspect you have Dressler syndrome if you start feeling ill a few weeks after heart surgery or a heart attack. Theyll want to conduct tests that help rule out other conditions and confirm a diagnosis. […] Your doctor will first take a thorough medical history and perform a physical examination. Theyll listen to your heart with a stethoscope for sounds that might indicate the presence of inflammation or fluid near your heart. […] Other tests may include: complete blood count, blood cultures to rule out infections, echocardiogram to look for the presence of fluid near the heart or thickening in the pericardium, electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) to look for irregularities in your hearts electrical impulses, chest X-ray to see if theres any inflammation in the lungs, heart MRI scan, which produces detailed images of the heart and the pericardium.

• #27 Dressler’s_syndrome

  https://www.bionity.com/en/encyclopedia/Dressler%27s_syndrome.html

  Dressler’s syndrome occurs in the setting of injury to the heart or the pericardium (the outer lining of the heart). […] Dressler’s syndrome occurs in about 7% of cases of myocardial infarction, and typically occurs 2 to 10 weeks after the myocardial infarction occurred. […] This differentiates Dressler’s syndrome from the much more common post myocardial infarction pericarditis that occurs in 17 to 25% of cases of acute myocardial infarction and occurs between days 2 and 4 after the infarction. […] Dressler’s syndrome also needs to be differentiated from pulmonary embolism, another identifiable cause of pleuritic (and non-pleuritic) chest pain in people who have been hospitalized and/or undergone surgical procedures within the preceding weeks.

• #28 Pericarditis Guide: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Options

  https://www.drugs.com/health-guide/pericarditis.html

  Dressler’s syndrome (also called post cardiac surgery or post cardiac injury syndrome). The pericarditis of Dressler’s syndrome can begin within a couple weeks or up to many months after open heart surgery, heart trauma or a heart attack. It is thought that with this syndrome, prior heart injury stimulates the immune system to attack and inflame the pericardium. […] Tests commonly used to help diagnose pericarditis include: an electrocardiogram (EKG), a chest X-ray, an echocardiogram, a painless scan that uses sound waves to delineate structures in and around the heart, blood tests for inflammation. […] If a pericardial effusion has developed, a sample of the fluid may be removed (aspirated) from around your heart with a sterile needle and examined in a laboratory. Also, depending on the suspected cause of the pericarditis, you may need a skin or blood test for tuberculosis or additional blood testing to look for signs of infection, heart attack, or autoimmune disease.

• #29 Dressler’s syndrome: are we underdiagnosing what we think to be rare?

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6559812/

  A 46-year-old man was admitted to the emergency department with fever and pleuritic thoracic pain. […] Hence, the hypothesis of Dresslers syndrome was established. […] The patients clinical presentation (pleuritic thoracic pain and fever), the recent cardiac injury, the increase in the inflammatory markers, the ECG findings compatible with acute pericarditis and the alterations found in the thoracic images (small left-sided pleural and pericardial effusion, a thickening and hypercaptation of the pericardial leaflets) support the diagnosis of Dresslers syndrome. […] Diagnostic tests for investigation of Dresslers syndrome should include a complete blood count that will demonstrate leucocytosis and an increase in C reactive protein level; blood cultures to exclude an infectious process; ECG that may show global ST segment elevation and T-wave inversion, such as with pericarditis; echocardiogram to look for the presence of fluid near the heart or thickening in the pericardium; thoracic radiography to see if there is any inflammation/effusion in the lungs and/or thoracic CT or cardiac MRI scan, which produces detailed images of the lungs, heart and the pericardium. […] Although not a common condition, the early diagnosis of Dresslers syndrome is crucial since favourable prognosis depends on how quickly the condition is treated.

• #30 Dressler Syndrome: Understanding the Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment – DoveMed

  https://www.dovemed.com/health-topics/focused-health-topics/dressler-syndrome-understanding-causes-symptoms-diagnosis-and-treatment

  Diagnosing Dressler syndrome involves several steps: […] Medical history review: The healthcare provider will evaluate the patient’s history, focusing on the occurrence of a recent heart attack or cardiac injury. […] Physical examination: A thorough examination of the heart and lungs will be performed to assess for signs of pericardial inflammation, such as a pericardial friction rub. […] Blood tests: Laboratory tests, including complete blood count (CBC) and markers of inflammation (such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate or C-reactive protein), can help support the diagnosis. […] Imaging tests: Imaging techniques such as echocardiography or cardiac MRI may be used to assess pericardial inflammation and rule out other potential causes of symptoms.

• #31 Post-myocardial infarction (Dressler’s) syndrome following early reperfusion – The British Journal of Cardiology

  https://bjcardio.co.uk/2012/05/post-myocardial-infarction-dresslers-syndrome-following-early-reperfusion/

  We present a case of a 55-year-old female with a successfully reperfused myocardial infarction in whom Dresslers syndrome was subsequently diagnosed. […] In conclusion, this case demonstrates that this syndrome is still a possibility in the current realm of thrombolysis and cardiac catheterisation. […] Dresslers, or post-cardiac injury, syndrome is a well-recognised complication of myocardial infarction; however, following the introduction of thrombolysis and cardiac catheterisation its continued existence in the era of reperfusion has been questioned. […] This demonstrates that despite the advances in medical care Dresslers syndrome continues to exist and should be considered in the differential of anyone presenting with chest pain in the setting of a recent myocardial infarction. […] To date, there has been no reported case of Dresslers syndrome following documented early reperfusion of a myocardial infarction.

• #32

  https://www.actamedindones.org/index.php/ijim/article/view/1591

  In the era of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), Dressler syndrome has become an extremely rare phenomenon. […] Although uncommon, physicians should be aware of the potentials of this condition in the differential diagnosis of chest pain after myocardial infarction and PCI so that immediate effective treatment can be given.

• #33 Post-myocardial infarction (Dressler’s) syndrome following early reperfusion – The British Journal of Cardiology

  https://bjcardio.co.uk/2012/05/post-myocardial-infarction-dresslers-syndrome-following-early-reperfusion/

  The presented case demonstrates that early reperfusion does not prevent this syndrome from occurring. […] Essentially, this case serves as a reminder that Dresslers syndrome is a potential complication following a myocardial infarction, even in the era of reperfusion and with recent advances in medical care.

• #34 DRESSLER SYNDROME: A EMERGING COMPLICATION OF ABLATIVE THERAPY FOR ATRIAL FIBRILLATION. – SHM Abstracts | Society of Hospital Medicine

  https://shmabstracts.mystagingwebsite.com/abstract/dressler-syndrome-a-emerging-complication-of-ablative-therapy-for-atrial-fibrillation/

  Case Presentation: A 53 year old female originally underwent an ablation for atrial fibrillation with post procedure course pericardial effusion requiring drain placement for 3 days. […] She was admitted with a working diagnosis of Dresslers syndrome given her recent history. […] Dressler syndrome is a form of post cardiac injury syndrome presenting with pleuritic chest pain, low grade fevers, and mild pericardial effusions. […] Recently, this syndrome has been described in ablation for atrial fibrillation. […] Dressler syndrome is a diagnosis that needs to be considered for patient presenting after ablation for atrial fibrillation. Symptoms include chest pain, low grade fevers, ESR elevations, pericardial effusions and pleural effusions. Prompt diagnosis of this syndrome is essential as the treatment is simple with anti-inflammatory drugs such as steroids and colchicine.

Zobacz więcej