Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Hoarding disorder – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hoarding-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20356056

  Hoarding disorder is an ongoing difficulty throwing away or parting with possessions because you believe that you need to save them. You may experience distress at the thought of getting rid of the items. You gradually keep or gather a huge number of items, regardless of their actual value. […] The first symptoms of hoarding disorder often appear during the teenage to early adult years. You may get and save too many items, gradually build up clutter in living spaces, and have difficulty getting rid of things. […] As you grow older, you may continue getting and holding onto things that you may never use and don’t have space for. By middle age, the clutter can become overwhelming as symptoms become more severe and increasingly difficult to treat. […] Problems with hoarding gradually develop over time and tend to be a private behavior. You may avoid having family, friends or repair workers in your home. Often, major clutter has developed by the time it reaches the attention of others.

• #2 Psychiatry.org – What is Hoarding Disorder?

  https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/hoarding-disorder/what-is-hoarding-disorder

  People with hoarding disorder have persistent difficulty getting rid of or parting with possessions due to a perceived need to save the items. Attempts to part with possessions create considerable distress and lead to decisions to save them. The resulting clutter disrupts the ability to use living spaces. […] The overall prevalence of hoarding disorder is approximately 2.6%, with higher rates for people over 60 years old and people with other psychiatric diagnoses, especially anxiety and depression. Hoarding behavior begins relatively early in life and increases in severity with each decade. […] Hoarding disorder can cause problems in relationships, social and work activities, and other important areas of functioning. Potential consequences of serious hoarding include health and safety concerns, such as fire hazards, tripping hazards, and health code violations.

• #3 Table 3.29, DSM-5 Hoarding Disorder – Impact of the DSM-IV to DSM-5 Changes on the National Survey on Drug Use and Health – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519704/table/ch3.t29/

  DSM-5: Hoarding Disorder Disorder Class: Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders Persistent difficulty discarding or parting with possessions, regardless of their actual value. This difficulty is due to a perceived need to save the items and to the distress associated with discarding them. The difficulty discarding possessions results in the accumulation of possessions that congest and clutter active living areas and substantially compromises their intended use. If living areas are uncluttered, it is only because of the interventions of third parties (e.g., family members, cleaners, or the authorities). The hoarding causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning (including maintaining a safe environment safe for oneself or others). The hoarding is not attributable to another medical condition (e.g., brain injury, cerebrovascular disease, Prader-Willi syndrome). The hoarding is not better explained by the symptoms of another mental disorder (e.g., obsessions in obsessive-compulsive disorder, decreased energy in major depressive disorder, delusions in schizophrenia or another psychotic disorder, cognitive defects in major neurocognitive disorder, restricted interests in autism spectrum disorder).

• #4 Psychiatry.org – What is Hoarding Disorder?

  https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/hoarding-disorder/what-is-hoarding-disorder

  People with hoarding disorder have persistent difficulty getting rid of or parting with possessions due to a perceived need to save the items. Attempts to part with possessions create considerable distress and lead to decisions to save them. The resulting clutter disrupts the ability to use living spaces. […] The overall prevalence of hoarding disorder is approximately 2.6%, with higher rates for people over 60 years old and people with other psychiatric diagnoses, especially anxiety and depression. Hoarding behavior begins relatively early in life and increases in severity with each decade. […] Hoarding disorder can cause problems in relationships, social and work activities, and other important areas of functioning. Potential consequences of serious hoarding include health and safety concerns, such as fire hazards, tripping hazards, and health code violations.

• #5 Hoarding disorder – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoarding_disorder

  Hoarding disorder is a mental disorder characterised by persistent difficulty in parting with possessions and engaging in excessive acquisition of items that are not needed or for which no space is available. This results in severely cluttered living spaces, distress, and impairment in personal, family, social, educational, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. Excessive acquisition is characterized by repetitive urges or behaviours related to amassing or buying property. Difficulty discarding possessions is characterized by a perceived need to save items and distress associated with discarding them. Accumulation of possessions results in living spaces becoming cluttered to the point that their use or safety is compromised. […] Prevalence rates are estimated at 2% to 5% in adults, though the condition typically manifests in childhood with symptoms worsening in advanced age, at which point collected items have grown excessive and family members who would otherwise help to maintain and control the levels of clutter have either died or moved away.

• #6 Table 3.29, DSM-5 Hoarding Disorder – Impact of the DSM-IV to DSM-5 Changes on the National Survey on Drug Use and Health – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519704/table/ch3.t29/

  With excessive acquisition: If difficulty discarding possessions is accompanied by excessive acquisition of items that are not needed or for which there is no available space. (Approximately 80 to 90 percent of individuals with hoarding disorder display this trait.) […] The individual recognizes that hoarding-related beliefs and behaviors (pertaining to difficulty discarding items, clutter, or excessive acquisition) are problematic. […] The individual is mostly convinced that hoarding-related beliefs and behaviors (pertaining to difficulty discarding items, clutter, or excessive acquisition) are not problematic despite evidence to the contrary. […] The individual is completely convinced that hoarding-related beliefs and behaviors (pertaining to difficulty discarding items, clutter, or excessive acquisition) are not problematic despite evidence to the contrary.

• #7 Age of onset and progression of hoarding symptoms in older adults with hoarding disorder

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5612663/

  We investigated (1) age of onset of hoarding disorder (HD) symptoms and diagnosis, (2) late-onset HD, (3) progression of HD symptoms, and (4) association between demographics and hoarding progression. […] The median age of onset for symptoms was between 10 and 20 years, and the median age of onset for possible HD diagnosis was between 20 and 30 years. […] All HD symptoms increased in severity over time. […] Generally, symptoms of HD begin relatively early and worsen across the lifespan. However, approximately one fourth of older adults with HD reported a possible onset after the age of 40. […] The median age of onset for all individual symptoms (urges to save, difficulty discarding, and clutter) was between 10 and 20 years, and the median age of onset for possible HD diagnosis was between 20 and 30 years, with 77% of participants reporting onset of possible HD diagnosis before the age of 40.

• #8 Hoarding Disorder – PsychDB

  https://www.psychdb.com/ocd/hoarding

  Hoarding Disorder is an obsessive-compulsive and related disorder characterized by persistent difficulty discarding or parting with possessions (regardless of their actual value) due to a strong perceived need to save the items. There is also associated distress associated with discarding these items. […] The rate and severity of hoarding disorder increases with each decade of life hoarding symptoms are three times more prevalent in older adults (ages 55+) compared with younger adults (30s to 40s). […] The mean age of emergence of hoarding symptoms is age 13, but the average age of treatment is at age 50. […] The course of illness is typically chronic. […] Approximately 80%-90% of individuals with hoarding disorder display excessive acquisition. Most commonly, this is in the form of excessive purchases, followed by acquisition of free items (e.g. – leaflets, items discarded by others).

• #9 Hoarding disorder – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hoarding-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20356056

  Hoarding disorder is an ongoing difficulty throwing away or parting with possessions because you believe that you need to save them. You may experience distress at the thought of getting rid of the items. You gradually keep or gather a huge number of items, regardless of their actual value. […] The first symptoms of hoarding disorder often appear during the teenage to early adult years. You may get and save too many items, gradually build up clutter in living spaces, and have difficulty getting rid of things. […] As you grow older, you may continue getting and holding onto things that you may never use and don’t have space for. By middle age, the clutter can become overwhelming as symptoms become more severe and increasingly difficult to treat. […] Problems with hoarding gradually develop over time and tend to be a private behavior. You may avoid having family, friends or repair workers in your home. Often, major clutter has developed by the time it reaches the attention of others.

• #10 Hoarding disorder | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/hoarding-disorder

  The first symptoms of hoarding disorder often appear during the teenage to early adult years. You may get and save too many items, gradually build up clutter in living spaces, and have difficulty getting rid of things. […] As you grow older, you may continue getting and holding onto things that you may never use and don’t have space for. By middle age, the clutter can become overwhelming as symptoms become more severe and increasingly difficult to treat. […] Symptoms of hoarding disorder may include: Getting and keeping too many items that you may not have a need for right now and don’t have space for. Ongoing difficulty throwing out or parting with your things, regardless of their actual value. Feeling a need to save these items and being upset by the thought of getting rid of them. Building up clutter to the point where you can’t use rooms. Trying to be perfect and avoiding or delaying decisions. Problems with planning and organizing.

• #11 Table 3.29, DSM-5 Hoarding Disorder – Impact of the DSM-IV to DSM-5 Changes on the National Survey on Drug Use and Health – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519704/table/ch3.t29/

  DSM-5: Hoarding Disorder Disorder Class: Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders Persistent difficulty discarding or parting with possessions, regardless of their actual value. This difficulty is due to a perceived need to save the items and to the distress associated with discarding them. The difficulty discarding possessions results in the accumulation of possessions that congest and clutter active living areas and substantially compromises their intended use. If living areas are uncluttered, it is only because of the interventions of third parties (e.g., family members, cleaners, or the authorities). The hoarding causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning (including maintaining a safe environment safe for oneself or others). The hoarding is not attributable to another medical condition (e.g., brain injury, cerebrovascular disease, Prader-Willi syndrome). The hoarding is not better explained by the symptoms of another mental disorder (e.g., obsessions in obsessive-compulsive disorder, decreased energy in major depressive disorder, delusions in schizophrenia or another psychotic disorder, cognitive defects in major neurocognitive disorder, restricted interests in autism spectrum disorder).

• #12 Hoarding Disorder: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17682-hoarding-disorder

  Hoarding disorder is a mental health condition in which you have a strong need to save a large number of items and experience distress when attempting to get rid of them. […] Hoarding disorder often begins during adolescence and gradually worsens with age, causing significant issues by the mid-30s. […] Some people with hoarding disorder recognize that their hoarding-related beliefs and behaviors are problematic, but many don’t. In many cases, stressful or traumatic events, such as divorce or the death of a loved one, are associated with the onset of hoarding symptoms. […] People with hoarding disorder feel a strong need to save their possessions. Other symptoms include: Inability to get rid of possessions, Experiencing extreme stress when attempting to throw out items, Anxiety about needing items in the future, Uncertainty about where to put things, Distrust of other people touching possessions, Living in unusable spaces due to clutter, Withdrawing from friends and family.

• #13 Hoarding disorder – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hoarding-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20356056

  Symptoms of hoarding disorder may include: Getting and keeping too many items that you may not have a need for right now and don’t have space for. Ongoing difficulty throwing out or parting with your things, regardless of their actual value. Feeling a need to save these items and being upset by the thought of getting rid of them. Building up clutter to the point where you can’t use rooms. Trying to be perfect and avoiding or delaying decisions. Problems with planning and organizing. […] Getting too many items and refusing to part with them results in: Disorganized piles or stacks of items, such as newspapers, clothes, paperwork, books or sentimental items. Items that crowd and clutter your walking spaces and living areas. Rooms can’t be used for the intended purpose, such as not being able to sleep in your bed. Buildup of food or trash to large, unsanitary levels. Distress or problems functioning or keeping yourself, others and pets safe in your home. Conflict with others who try to reduce or remove clutter from your home. Relationship issues, avoiding social activities and employment problems. Difficulty organizing items and sometimes losing important items in the clutter.

• #14 Hoarding Disorder: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17682-hoarding-disorder

  Hoarding disorder is a mental health condition in which you have a strong need to save a large number of items and experience distress when attempting to get rid of them. […] Hoarding disorder often begins during adolescence and gradually worsens with age, causing significant issues by the mid-30s. […] Some people with hoarding disorder recognize that their hoarding-related beliefs and behaviors are problematic, but many don’t. In many cases, stressful or traumatic events, such as divorce or the death of a loved one, are associated with the onset of hoarding symptoms. […] People with hoarding disorder feel a strong need to save their possessions. Other symptoms include: Inability to get rid of possessions, Experiencing extreme stress when attempting to throw out items, Anxiety about needing items in the future, Uncertainty about where to put things, Distrust of other people touching possessions, Living in unusable spaces due to clutter, Withdrawing from friends and family.

• #15 Hoarding Disorder: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17682-hoarding-disorder

  Hoarding disorder is a mental health condition in which you have a strong need to save a large number of items and experience distress when attempting to get rid of them. […] Hoarding disorder often begins during adolescence and gradually worsens with age, causing significant issues by the mid-30s. […] Some people with hoarding disorder recognize that their hoarding-related beliefs and behaviors are problematic, but many don’t. In many cases, stressful or traumatic events, such as divorce or the death of a loved one, are associated with the onset of hoarding symptoms. […] People with hoarding disorder feel a strong need to save their possessions. Other symptoms include: Inability to get rid of possessions, Experiencing extreme stress when attempting to throw out items, Anxiety about needing items in the future, Uncertainty about where to put things, Distrust of other people touching possessions, Living in unusable spaces due to clutter, Withdrawing from friends and family.

• #16 Hoarding Disorder: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17682-hoarding-disorder

  Hoarding disorder is a mental health condition in which you have a strong need to save a large number of items and experience distress when attempting to get rid of them. […] Hoarding disorder often begins during adolescence and gradually worsens with age, causing significant issues by the mid-30s. […] Some people with hoarding disorder recognize that their hoarding-related beliefs and behaviors are problematic, but many don’t. In many cases, stressful or traumatic events, such as divorce or the death of a loved one, are associated with the onset of hoarding symptoms. […] People with hoarding disorder feel a strong need to save their possessions. Other symptoms include: Inability to get rid of possessions, Experiencing extreme stress when attempting to throw out items, Anxiety about needing items in the future, Uncertainty about where to put things, Distrust of other people touching possessions, Living in unusable spaces due to clutter, Withdrawing from friends and family.

• #17 Hoarding Disorder: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17682-hoarding-disorder

  Hoarding disorder is a mental health condition in which you have a strong need to save a large number of items and experience distress when attempting to get rid of them. […] Hoarding disorder often begins during adolescence and gradually worsens with age, causing significant issues by the mid-30s. […] Some people with hoarding disorder recognize that their hoarding-related beliefs and behaviors are problematic, but many don’t. In many cases, stressful or traumatic events, such as divorce or the death of a loved one, are associated with the onset of hoarding symptoms. […] People with hoarding disorder feel a strong need to save their possessions. Other symptoms include: Inability to get rid of possessions, Experiencing extreme stress when attempting to throw out items, Anxiety about needing items in the future, Uncertainty about where to put things, Distrust of other people touching possessions, Living in unusable spaces due to clutter, Withdrawing from friends and family.

• #18 Hoarding Disorder: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17682-hoarding-disorder

  Hoarding disorder is a mental health condition in which you have a strong need to save a large number of items and experience distress when attempting to get rid of them. […] Hoarding disorder often begins during adolescence and gradually worsens with age, causing significant issues by the mid-30s. […] Some people with hoarding disorder recognize that their hoarding-related beliefs and behaviors are problematic, but many don’t. In many cases, stressful or traumatic events, such as divorce or the death of a loved one, are associated with the onset of hoarding symptoms. […] People with hoarding disorder feel a strong need to save their possessions. Other symptoms include: Inability to get rid of possessions, Experiencing extreme stress when attempting to throw out items, Anxiety about needing items in the future, Uncertainty about where to put things, Distrust of other people touching possessions, Living in unusable spaces due to clutter, Withdrawing from friends and family.

• #19 Table 3.29, DSM-5 Hoarding Disorder – Impact of the DSM-IV to DSM-5 Changes on the National Survey on Drug Use and Health – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519704/table/ch3.t29/

  With excessive acquisition: If difficulty discarding possessions is accompanied by excessive acquisition of items that are not needed or for which there is no available space. (Approximately 80 to 90 percent of individuals with hoarding disorder display this trait.) […] The individual recognizes that hoarding-related beliefs and behaviors (pertaining to difficulty discarding items, clutter, or excessive acquisition) are problematic. […] The individual is mostly convinced that hoarding-related beliefs and behaviors (pertaining to difficulty discarding items, clutter, or excessive acquisition) are not problematic despite evidence to the contrary. […] The individual is completely convinced that hoarding-related beliefs and behaviors (pertaining to difficulty discarding items, clutter, or excessive acquisition) are not problematic despite evidence to the contrary.

• #20 Hoarding Disorder – PsychDB

  https://www.psychdb.com/ocd/hoarding

  Hoarding Disorder is an obsessive-compulsive and related disorder characterized by persistent difficulty discarding or parting with possessions (regardless of their actual value) due to a strong perceived need to save the items. There is also associated distress associated with discarding these items. […] The rate and severity of hoarding disorder increases with each decade of life hoarding symptoms are three times more prevalent in older adults (ages 55+) compared with younger adults (30s to 40s). […] The mean age of emergence of hoarding symptoms is age 13, but the average age of treatment is at age 50. […] The course of illness is typically chronic. […] Approximately 80%-90% of individuals with hoarding disorder display excessive acquisition. Most commonly, this is in the form of excessive purchases, followed by acquisition of free items (e.g. – leaflets, items discarded by others).

• #21 Age of onset and progression of hoarding symptoms in older adults with hoarding disorder

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5612663/

  We investigated (1) age of onset of hoarding disorder (HD) symptoms and diagnosis, (2) late-onset HD, (3) progression of HD symptoms, and (4) association between demographics and hoarding progression. […] The median age of onset for symptoms was between 10 and 20 years, and the median age of onset for possible HD diagnosis was between 20 and 30 years. […] All HD symptoms increased in severity over time. […] Generally, symptoms of HD begin relatively early and worsen across the lifespan. However, approximately one fourth of older adults with HD reported a possible onset after the age of 40. […] The median age of onset for all individual symptoms (urges to save, difficulty discarding, and clutter) was between 10 and 20 years, and the median age of onset for possible HD diagnosis was between 20 and 30 years, with 77% of participants reporting onset of possible HD diagnosis before the age of 40.

• #22 Hoarding disorder – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoarding_disorder

  Rates of hoarding increase significantly with age, and people over the age of 54 are three times as likely to meet criteria for hoarding disorder. However, hoarding symptoms typically manifest in early childhood, and worsen to the point of becoming clinically significant during middle age. Over half of hoarders report the onset of hoarding as being associated with a traumatic life event, and in this portion of hoarders, the age of onset is much higher. […] Although excessive acquiring is not a diagnostic criterion of hoarding, at least two-thirds of individuals with hoarding disorder excessively acquire possessions. […] The incidents of increased hoarding behavior were usually correlated to five categories of stressful life events.

• #23 Hoarding Disorder – PsychDB

  https://www.psychdb.com/ocd/hoarding

  Hoarding Disorder is an obsessive-compulsive and related disorder characterized by persistent difficulty discarding or parting with possessions (regardless of their actual value) due to a strong perceived need to save the items. There is also associated distress associated with discarding these items. […] The rate and severity of hoarding disorder increases with each decade of life hoarding symptoms are three times more prevalent in older adults (ages 55+) compared with younger adults (30s to 40s). […] The mean age of emergence of hoarding symptoms is age 13, but the average age of treatment is at age 50. […] The course of illness is typically chronic. […] Approximately 80%-90% of individuals with hoarding disorder display excessive acquisition. Most commonly, this is in the form of excessive purchases, followed by acquisition of free items (e.g. – leaflets, items discarded by others).

• #24 Age of onset and progression of hoarding symptoms in older adults with hoarding disorder

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5612663/

  There were 19 reports of possible late onset hoarding (simultaneous presence of all three symptoms after the age of 40). […] All hoarding symptoms were reported to have increased over the lifespan (saving: = .379, SE = 017, p .001; clutter: = .428, SE = .017, p .001; difficulty discarding: = .423, SE = .017, p .001). […] Participants reported that their clutter continued to increase in severity; however, they reported experiencing that their symptoms of saving and difficulty discarding stabilized in later adulthood. […] This study suggests that gender differences in the progression of hoarding may exist such that women recall having experienced a steeper increase in hoarding severity over the lifespan. […] The majority of participants recalled that their hoarding symptoms began before the end of their 20s, which is consistent with previous studies of the reported age of onset of hoarding symptoms.

• #25 Age of onset and progression of hoarding symptoms in older adults with hoarding disorder

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5612663/

  We investigated (1) age of onset of hoarding disorder (HD) symptoms and diagnosis, (2) late-onset HD, (3) progression of HD symptoms, and (4) association between demographics and hoarding progression. […] The median age of onset for symptoms was between 10 and 20 years, and the median age of onset for possible HD diagnosis was between 20 and 30 years. […] All HD symptoms increased in severity over time. […] Generally, symptoms of HD begin relatively early and worsen across the lifespan. However, approximately one fourth of older adults with HD reported a possible onset after the age of 40. […] The median age of onset for all individual symptoms (urges to save, difficulty discarding, and clutter) was between 10 and 20 years, and the median age of onset for possible HD diagnosis was between 20 and 30 years, with 77% of participants reporting onset of possible HD diagnosis before the age of 40.

• #26 Hoarding Disorder: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17682-hoarding-disorder

  Hoarding disorder is a mental health condition in which you have a strong need to save a large number of items and experience distress when attempting to get rid of them. […] Hoarding disorder often begins during adolescence and gradually worsens with age, causing significant issues by the mid-30s. […] Some people with hoarding disorder recognize that their hoarding-related beliefs and behaviors are problematic, but many don’t. In many cases, stressful or traumatic events, such as divorce or the death of a loved one, are associated with the onset of hoarding symptoms. […] People with hoarding disorder feel a strong need to save their possessions. Other symptoms include: Inability to get rid of possessions, Experiencing extreme stress when attempting to throw out items, Anxiety about needing items in the future, Uncertainty about where to put things, Distrust of other people touching possessions, Living in unusable spaces due to clutter, Withdrawing from friends and family.

• #27 Hoarding disorder – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoarding_disorder

  Rates of hoarding increase significantly with age, and people over the age of 54 are three times as likely to meet criteria for hoarding disorder. However, hoarding symptoms typically manifest in early childhood, and worsen to the point of becoming clinically significant during middle age. Over half of hoarders report the onset of hoarding as being associated with a traumatic life event, and in this portion of hoarders, the age of onset is much higher. […] Although excessive acquiring is not a diagnostic criterion of hoarding, at least two-thirds of individuals with hoarding disorder excessively acquire possessions. […] The incidents of increased hoarding behavior were usually correlated to five categories of stressful life events.

• #28 Diagnosis: The Signs And Symptoms Of Hoarding Disorder

  https://www.mentalhealth.com/library/signs-and-symptoms-of-hoarding-disorder

  Hoarding behavior is three times more likely in older adults (55 and older) when compared to younger adults (34-44 years). However, this is probably because they do not come to the attention of clinicians and researchers until after many years of accumulation. Retrospectively, there is usually evidence that the hoarding behavior began at a younger age. Hoarding behavior can worsen after the loss a family member who helped keep things together and organized. […] In additional to hoarding inanimate objects, people may also hoard animals. Animal hoarding is usually accompanied by hoarding of other objects. It is more likely that people who hoard animals live in unsanitary conditions. […] The diagnosis of hoarding disorder includes an optional specifier “with excessive acquisition.” This specifier indicates a type of hoarding that goes beyond excessive saving and accumulation of things. With excessive acquisition, there is an active, driving need to acquire more and more things. This usually takes the form of buying excessively but it also includes acquiring free items. As with the act of discarding an item, people with excessive acquisition often feel distress when they are prevented from acquiring more items. The majority of people with hoarding do fit these criteria (80-90%).

• #29 Hoarding disorder – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hoarding-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20356056

  Hoarding disorder is different from collecting. People who have collections, such as stamps or model cars, carefully search out specific items, organize them and display their collections. Collections can be large, but they aren’t usually cluttered. Also, they don’t cause the distress and problems functioning that are part of hoarding disorder. […] Hoarding usually starts around ages 15 to 19. It tends to get worse with age. Hoarding is more common in older adults than in younger adults. […] Hoarding disorder can cause a variety of complications, including: Increased risk of falls. Injury or being trapped by shifting or falling items. Family conflicts. Loneliness and social isolation. Conditions that aren’t clean and can be a health risk. A fire hazard. Poor work performance. Legal issues, such as eviction.

• #30 Hoarding disorder – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hoarding-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20356056

  Hoarding disorder is different from collecting. People who have collections, such as stamps or model cars, carefully search out specific items, organize them and display their collections. Collections can be large, but they aren’t usually cluttered. Also, they don’t cause the distress and problems functioning that are part of hoarding disorder. […] Hoarding usually starts around ages 15 to 19. It tends to get worse with age. Hoarding is more common in older adults than in younger adults. […] Hoarding disorder can cause a variety of complications, including: Increased risk of falls. Injury or being trapped by shifting or falling items. Family conflicts. Loneliness and social isolation. Conditions that aren’t clean and can be a health risk. A fire hazard. Poor work performance. Legal issues, such as eviction.

• #31 Hoarding disorder – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hoarding-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20356056

  Hoarding disorder is different from collecting. People who have collections, such as stamps or model cars, carefully search out specific items, organize them and display their collections. Collections can be large, but they aren’t usually cluttered. Also, they don’t cause the distress and problems functioning that are part of hoarding disorder. […] Hoarding usually starts around ages 15 to 19. It tends to get worse with age. Hoarding is more common in older adults than in younger adults. […] Hoarding disorder can cause a variety of complications, including: Increased risk of falls. Injury or being trapped by shifting or falling items. Family conflicts. Loneliness and social isolation. Conditions that aren’t clean and can be a health risk. A fire hazard. Poor work performance. Legal issues, such as eviction.

• #32 Hoarding disorder – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hoarding-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20356056

  Hoarding disorder is different from collecting. People who have collections, such as stamps or model cars, carefully search out specific items, organize them and display their collections. Collections can be large, but they aren’t usually cluttered. Also, they don’t cause the distress and problems functioning that are part of hoarding disorder. […] Hoarding usually starts around ages 15 to 19. It tends to get worse with age. Hoarding is more common in older adults than in younger adults. […] Hoarding disorder can cause a variety of complications, including: Increased risk of falls. Injury or being trapped by shifting or falling items. Family conflicts. Loneliness and social isolation. Conditions that aren’t clean and can be a health risk. A fire hazard. Poor work performance. Legal issues, such as eviction.

• #33 Hoarding disorder – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hoarding-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20356056

  Hoarding disorder is different from collecting. People who have collections, such as stamps or model cars, carefully search out specific items, organize them and display their collections. Collections can be large, but they aren’t usually cluttered. Also, they don’t cause the distress and problems functioning that are part of hoarding disorder. […] Hoarding usually starts around ages 15 to 19. It tends to get worse with age. Hoarding is more common in older adults than in younger adults. […] Hoarding disorder can cause a variety of complications, including: Increased risk of falls. Injury or being trapped by shifting or falling items. Family conflicts. Loneliness and social isolation. Conditions that aren’t clean and can be a health risk. A fire hazard. Poor work performance. Legal issues, such as eviction.

• #34 Hoarding Disorder: Signs, Symptoms, Levels, and Examples

  https://psychcentral.com/disorders/hoarding-disorder-symptoms

  Depending on your specific circumstances, hoarding can lead to health and safety issues, such as blocked fire exits, pest infestations (insects or rodents), and health hazards from animal excrement. […] Hoarding disorder can also be a symptom of another condition, like attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or depression. […] Various treatment options can help reduce hoarding habits, make the home safer, improve quality of life, and reduce the distress that comes with saving or discarding items.

• #35 Hoarding disorder – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/hoarding-disorder/

  Hoarding can start as early as the teenage years and gets more noticeable with age. For many, hoarding becomes more problematic in older age, but the problem is usually well established by this time. […] A hoarding disorder can be a problem for several reasons. It can take over the person’s life, making it very difficult for them to get around their house. It can cause their work performance, personal hygiene and relationships to suffer. […] The clutter can pose a health risk to the person and anyone who lives in or visits their house. […] The hoarding could also be a sign of an underlying condition, such as OCD, other types of anxiety, depression and dementia. […] It’s not easy to treat a hoarding disorder, even when the person is prepared to seek help, but it can be overcome. […] The main treatment is cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT).

• #36 Hoarding in Late Life – CGA Toolkit Plus

  https://www.cgakit.com/hoarding-in-late-life

  While many of the risks associated with hoarding behaviours are prevalent across the life span, hoarding symptoms may have a particularly devastating impact on the well-being of geriatric populations. […] Older adults with HD are at increased risk for falling, fires and mould in the home, poor hygiene and nutrition, and medical problems. […] The level of perceived risk increases with hoarding symptom severity. […] The higher incidence of medical conditions on older adults with HD may be due in part to the increased health risks associated with hoarding (Ayers CR, 2014 B). […] Presence of a comorbid disorder significantly increases symptom severity in geriatric patients. […] Assessment of HD can be difficult due to patient perceptions. […] Diagnosis of HD can be made using the Structured Interview for Hoarding Disorder (SIHD), which assesses for the DSM-5 criteria for HD (Nordsletten AE, 2013). […] Both psychotherapy and medication-based interventions have demonstrated positive results for the treatment of compulsive hoarding and HD. […] HD is a chronic and progressive disease, and it can be a challenge to treat, even for more experienced clinicians.

• #37 Hoarding disorder – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hoarding-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20356056

  Hoarding disorder is different from collecting. People who have collections, such as stamps or model cars, carefully search out specific items, organize them and display their collections. Collections can be large, but they aren’t usually cluttered. Also, they don’t cause the distress and problems functioning that are part of hoarding disorder. […] Hoarding usually starts around ages 15 to 19. It tends to get worse with age. Hoarding is more common in older adults than in younger adults. […] Hoarding disorder can cause a variety of complications, including: Increased risk of falls. Injury or being trapped by shifting or falling items. Family conflicts. Loneliness and social isolation. Conditions that aren’t clean and can be a health risk. A fire hazard. Poor work performance. Legal issues, such as eviction.

• #38 Hoarding disorder – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hoarding-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20356056

  Hoarding disorder is different from collecting. People who have collections, such as stamps or model cars, carefully search out specific items, organize them and display their collections. Collections can be large, but they aren’t usually cluttered. Also, they don’t cause the distress and problems functioning that are part of hoarding disorder. […] Hoarding usually starts around ages 15 to 19. It tends to get worse with age. Hoarding is more common in older adults than in younger adults. […] Hoarding disorder can cause a variety of complications, including: Increased risk of falls. Injury or being trapped by shifting or falling items. Family conflicts. Loneliness and social isolation. Conditions that aren’t clean and can be a health risk. A fire hazard. Poor work performance. Legal issues, such as eviction.

• #39 Hoarding disorder – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/hoarding-disorder/

  A hoarding disorder is where someone acquires an excessive number of items and stores them in a chaotic manner, usually resulting in unmanageable amounts of clutter. The items can be of little or no monetary value. […] Hoarding disorders are challenging to treat because many people who hoard frequently do not see it as a problem, or have little awareness of how it’s affecting their life or the lives of others. […] It’s really important to encourage a person who is hoarding to seek help, as their difficulties discarding objects can not only cause loneliness and mental health problems but also pose a health and safety risk. […] If not tackled, it’s a problem that will probably never go away. […] Mental health problems associated with hoarding include severe depression, psychotic disorders, such as schizophrenia, and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD).

• #40 Hoarding Disorder – PsychDB

  https://www.psychdb.com/ocd/hoarding

  Individuals may commonly live in unsanitary conditions due to the severely cluttered spaces. […] In severe cases, hoarding can put individuals at risk for fire, falls (especially in older individuals), and poor sanitation. […] Conflict with neighbours and local authorities is common, and individuals with severe hoarding disorder have been involved in legal evictions. […] Individuals with hoarding disorder are typically distressed if they are unable to or are prevented from acquiring items. […] The most commonly saved items are newspapers, magazines, old clothing, bags, books, mail, and paperwork, but virtually any item can be saved. […] The hoarded items are not limited to things that most other people would define as useless or of limited value many will collect and save large amounts of valuable items as well, which may be found in piles mixed with other less valuable items.

• #41 Hoarding disorder – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hoarding-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20356056

  Hoarding disorder is an ongoing difficulty throwing away or parting with possessions because you believe that you need to save them. You may experience distress at the thought of getting rid of the items. You gradually keep or gather a huge number of items, regardless of their actual value. […] The first symptoms of hoarding disorder often appear during the teenage to early adult years. You may get and save too many items, gradually build up clutter in living spaces, and have difficulty getting rid of things. […] As you grow older, you may continue getting and holding onto things that you may never use and don’t have space for. By middle age, the clutter can become overwhelming as symptoms become more severe and increasingly difficult to treat. […] Problems with hoarding gradually develop over time and tend to be a private behavior. You may avoid having family, friends or repair workers in your home. Often, major clutter has developed by the time it reaches the attention of others.

• #42 Hoarding Disorder: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17682-hoarding-disorder

  Many people with hoarding disorder also have associated issues with cognitive functioning, including: Indecisiveness, Perfectionism, Procrastination, Disorganization, Distractibility. […] The prognosis (outlook) for hoarding disorder is often poor. While some people with the condition greatly improve after treatment with cognitive behavioral therapy, many people still have symptoms after treatment that impact their day-to-day life. […] People with hoarding disorder often have a lack of functional living space, which can prevent them from performing important daily tasks, such as cooking, cleaning, sleeping and bathing. They may also live in unhealthy or unsafe conditions. Serious hoarding can lead to fire hazards, tripping hazards and health code violations. […] Hoarding disorder can also cause problems in relationships and social and work activities. It often leads to family strain and conflicts, isolation and loneliness.

• #43 Hoarding disorder – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hoarding-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20356056

  Hoarding disorder is different from collecting. People who have collections, such as stamps or model cars, carefully search out specific items, organize them and display their collections. Collections can be large, but they aren’t usually cluttered. Also, they don’t cause the distress and problems functioning that are part of hoarding disorder. […] Hoarding usually starts around ages 15 to 19. It tends to get worse with age. Hoarding is more common in older adults than in younger adults. […] Hoarding disorder can cause a variety of complications, including: Increased risk of falls. Injury or being trapped by shifting or falling items. Family conflicts. Loneliness and social isolation. Conditions that aren’t clean and can be a health risk. A fire hazard. Poor work performance. Legal issues, such as eviction.

• #44 Hoarding Disorder: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17682-hoarding-disorder

  Many people with hoarding disorder also have associated issues with cognitive functioning, including: Indecisiveness, Perfectionism, Procrastination, Disorganization, Distractibility. […] The prognosis (outlook) for hoarding disorder is often poor. While some people with the condition greatly improve after treatment with cognitive behavioral therapy, many people still have symptoms after treatment that impact their day-to-day life. […] People with hoarding disorder often have a lack of functional living space, which can prevent them from performing important daily tasks, such as cooking, cleaning, sleeping and bathing. They may also live in unhealthy or unsafe conditions. Serious hoarding can lead to fire hazards, tripping hazards and health code violations. […] Hoarding disorder can also cause problems in relationships and social and work activities. It often leads to family strain and conflicts, isolation and loneliness.

• #45 Hoarding disorder – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hoarding-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20356056

  Hoarding disorder is different from collecting. People who have collections, such as stamps or model cars, carefully search out specific items, organize them and display their collections. Collections can be large, but they aren’t usually cluttered. Also, they don’t cause the distress and problems functioning that are part of hoarding disorder. […] Hoarding usually starts around ages 15 to 19. It tends to get worse with age. Hoarding is more common in older adults than in younger adults. […] Hoarding disorder can cause a variety of complications, including: Increased risk of falls. Injury or being trapped by shifting or falling items. Family conflicts. Loneliness and social isolation. Conditions that aren’t clean and can be a health risk. A fire hazard. Poor work performance. Legal issues, such as eviction.

• #46 Hoarding | Fact Sheet – ABCT – Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies

  https://www.abct.org/fact-sheets/hoarding/

  Hoarding disorder includes all three of the following: A person collects and keeps a lot of items, even things that appear useless or of little value to most people, and These items clutter the living spaces and keep the person from using their rooms as they were intended, and These items cause distress or problems in day-to-day activities. […] What are the signs of hoarding? Difficulty getting rid of items, A large amount of clutter in the office, at home, in the car, or in other spaces (i.e., storage units) that makes it difficult to use furniture or appliances or move around easily, Losing important items like money or bills in the clutter, Feeling overwhelmed by the volume of possessions that have ‘taken over’

• #47 Hoarding symptoms are associated with higher rates of disability than other medical and psychiatric disorders across multiple domains of functioning | BMC Psychiatry | Full Text

  https://bmcpsychiatry.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12888-022-04287-2

  Hoarding symptoms are associated with profound disability in all domains of functioning. The burden of hoarding is comparable to that of other medical and psychiatric illnesses with known high rates of functional impairment. […] Approximately one-tenth of the study sample endorsed clinically relevant hoarding symptoms (11.4%). Of 16,312 BHR participants included in this analysis, 923 (5.7%) endorsed clinical hoarding behavior (i.e., HRS-SR total score14), 937 (5.7%) endorsed subclinical hoarding behavior (i.e., HRS-SR total score between 10 and 14), and 14,452 (88.6%) did not endorse hoarding symptoms (i.e., HRS-SR total score less than 10). […] Moderate to extreme impairment was reported by more than one in three individuals with CHS for the majority of single item measures on the WHODAS, including measures of cognitive functioning, mobility, and life activities. After adjusting for demographic characteristics and psychiatric/medical disease burden, CHS increased the odds of impairment in all domains. Notably, CHS was associated with a 6- to 12-fold increase in the odds of impairment in life activities/home management, as well as a 4- to sixfold increase in the odds of impairment in cognitive and social (i.e., interpersonal interaction, participation in society) functioning.

• #48 Hoarding symptoms are associated with higher rates of disability than other medical and psychiatric disorders across multiple domains of functioning | BMC Psychiatry | Full Text

  https://bmcpsychiatry.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12888-022-04287-2

  Our findings indicate that in nearly all domains of functioning, individuals with subclinical or clinical hoarding endorsed rates of impairment that were greater than or equal to that of individuals with self-reported depression, chronic pain, and/or diabetes, which are all ranked as among the top ten causes of disability in the U.S. by the WHO. […] Disability in hoarding is highly prevalent and extensive, affecting all areas of functioning including mobility, self-care, social and cognitive function, and home management. Impairment among those with clinical and subclinical hoarding symptoms is comparable to that of MDD and chronic pain, conditions known to be associated with high disability burden, and is further exacerbated by disease comorbidity.

• #49 Hoarding Disorder: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17682-hoarding-disorder

  Many people with hoarding disorder also have associated issues with cognitive functioning, including: Indecisiveness, Perfectionism, Procrastination, Disorganization, Distractibility. […] The prognosis (outlook) for hoarding disorder is often poor. While some people with the condition greatly improve after treatment with cognitive behavioral therapy, many people still have symptoms after treatment that impact their day-to-day life. […] People with hoarding disorder often have a lack of functional living space, which can prevent them from performing important daily tasks, such as cooking, cleaning, sleeping and bathing. They may also live in unhealthy or unsafe conditions. Serious hoarding can lead to fire hazards, tripping hazards and health code violations. […] Hoarding disorder can also cause problems in relationships and social and work activities. It often leads to family strain and conflicts, isolation and loneliness.

• #50 Hoarding Disorder: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17682-hoarding-disorder

  Many people with hoarding disorder also have associated issues with cognitive functioning, including: Indecisiveness, Perfectionism, Procrastination, Disorganization, Distractibility. […] The prognosis (outlook) for hoarding disorder is often poor. While some people with the condition greatly improve after treatment with cognitive behavioral therapy, many people still have symptoms after treatment that impact their day-to-day life. […] People with hoarding disorder often have a lack of functional living space, which can prevent them from performing important daily tasks, such as cooking, cleaning, sleeping and bathing. They may also live in unhealthy or unsafe conditions. Serious hoarding can lead to fire hazards, tripping hazards and health code violations. […] Hoarding disorder can also cause problems in relationships and social and work activities. It often leads to family strain and conflicts, isolation and loneliness.

• #51 Hoarding disorder – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hoarding-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20356056

  Symptoms of hoarding disorder may include: Getting and keeping too many items that you may not have a need for right now and don’t have space for. Ongoing difficulty throwing out or parting with your things, regardless of their actual value. Feeling a need to save these items and being upset by the thought of getting rid of them. Building up clutter to the point where you can’t use rooms. Trying to be perfect and avoiding or delaying decisions. Problems with planning and organizing. […] Getting too many items and refusing to part with them results in: Disorganized piles or stacks of items, such as newspapers, clothes, paperwork, books or sentimental items. Items that crowd and clutter your walking spaces and living areas. Rooms can’t be used for the intended purpose, such as not being able to sleep in your bed. Buildup of food or trash to large, unsanitary levels. Distress or problems functioning or keeping yourself, others and pets safe in your home. Conflict with others who try to reduce or remove clutter from your home. Relationship issues, avoiding social activities and employment problems. Difficulty organizing items and sometimes losing important items in the clutter.

• #52 Hoarding Disorder: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17682-hoarding-disorder

  Many people with hoarding disorder also have associated issues with cognitive functioning, including: Indecisiveness, Perfectionism, Procrastination, Disorganization, Distractibility. […] The prognosis (outlook) for hoarding disorder is often poor. While some people with the condition greatly improve after treatment with cognitive behavioral therapy, many people still have symptoms after treatment that impact their day-to-day life. […] People with hoarding disorder often have a lack of functional living space, which can prevent them from performing important daily tasks, such as cooking, cleaning, sleeping and bathing. They may also live in unhealthy or unsafe conditions. Serious hoarding can lead to fire hazards, tripping hazards and health code violations. […] Hoarding disorder can also cause problems in relationships and social and work activities. It often leads to family strain and conflicts, isolation and loneliness.

• #53 Hoarding Disorder: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17682-hoarding-disorder

  Many people with hoarding disorder also have associated issues with cognitive functioning, including: Indecisiveness, Perfectionism, Procrastination, Disorganization, Distractibility. […] The prognosis (outlook) for hoarding disorder is often poor. While some people with the condition greatly improve after treatment with cognitive behavioral therapy, many people still have symptoms after treatment that impact their day-to-day life. […] People with hoarding disorder often have a lack of functional living space, which can prevent them from performing important daily tasks, such as cooking, cleaning, sleeping and bathing. They may also live in unhealthy or unsafe conditions. Serious hoarding can lead to fire hazards, tripping hazards and health code violations. […] Hoarding disorder can also cause problems in relationships and social and work activities. It often leads to family strain and conflicts, isolation and loneliness.

• #54 Hoarding Disorder: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17682-hoarding-disorder

  Many people with hoarding disorder also have associated issues with cognitive functioning, including: Indecisiveness, Perfectionism, Procrastination, Disorganization, Distractibility. […] The prognosis (outlook) for hoarding disorder is often poor. While some people with the condition greatly improve after treatment with cognitive behavioral therapy, many people still have symptoms after treatment that impact their day-to-day life. […] People with hoarding disorder often have a lack of functional living space, which can prevent them from performing important daily tasks, such as cooking, cleaning, sleeping and bathing. They may also live in unhealthy or unsafe conditions. Serious hoarding can lead to fire hazards, tripping hazards and health code violations. […] Hoarding disorder can also cause problems in relationships and social and work activities. It often leads to family strain and conflicts, isolation and loneliness.

• #55 Hoarding disorder – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hoarding-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20356056

  Symptoms of hoarding disorder may include: Getting and keeping too many items that you may not have a need for right now and don’t have space for. Ongoing difficulty throwing out or parting with your things, regardless of their actual value. Feeling a need to save these items and being upset by the thought of getting rid of them. Building up clutter to the point where you can’t use rooms. Trying to be perfect and avoiding or delaying decisions. Problems with planning and organizing. […] Getting too many items and refusing to part with them results in: Disorganized piles or stacks of items, such as newspapers, clothes, paperwork, books or sentimental items. Items that crowd and clutter your walking spaces and living areas. Rooms can’t be used for the intended purpose, such as not being able to sleep in your bed. Buildup of food or trash to large, unsanitary levels. Distress or problems functioning or keeping yourself, others and pets safe in your home. Conflict with others who try to reduce or remove clutter from your home. Relationship issues, avoiding social activities and employment problems. Difficulty organizing items and sometimes losing important items in the clutter.

• #56 Hoarding Behaviours and Treatment Approaches

  https://www.samarpanhealth.com/blog/hoarding-behaviours-and-treatment-approaches

  Feeling stressed out when trying to discard things. […] Apprehension regarding future item needs. […] Living in cluttered, unsuitable spaces. […] A person suffering from hoarding disorder may amass items due to any of the following reasons: They think something will hold value or be helpful in the future. […] They believe a sure thing to be unique, sentimental, or irreplaceable. […] They cannot decide what belongs where; therefore, they choose to preserve things rather than discard them. […] Hoarding disorder sufferers frequently struggle with cognitive functioning issues, such as indecision. […] These problems may significantly impact their functionality and the overall degree of hoarding disorder. […] The prognosis for hoarding could be better. Even though cognitive behavioural therapy helps some patients significantly improve their illnesses, many patients continue to experience symptoms that interfere with their daily lives.

• #57 Hoarding Disorder: 5 Main Causes, Signs, Effects, Treatment

  https://mind.help/topic/hoarding/

  Additionally, it may be noticed that the living area of the hoarder is barely available for use and is only ever cleared by the intervention of another person. […] It is evident from the excerpt above that Mr. Shetty was experiencing difficulty in parting with his possessions and had been accumulating excess things that would clutter his living area. […] These symptoms present a classic case of hoarding disorder with a lack of insight. […] People with hoarding disorder may have several associated problems as a result of it. They are at a higher risk of developing severe depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia and other psychotic conditions, anxiety, etc. […] Hoarding disorder (HD) is classified as a mental disorder in the obsessive-compulsive spectrum in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5).

• #58 Hoarding Behaviours and Treatment Approaches

  https://www.samarpanhealth.com/blog/hoarding-behaviours-and-treatment-approaches

  Feeling stressed out when trying to discard things. […] Apprehension regarding future item needs. […] Living in cluttered, unsuitable spaces. […] A person suffering from hoarding disorder may amass items due to any of the following reasons: They think something will hold value or be helpful in the future. […] They believe a sure thing to be unique, sentimental, or irreplaceable. […] They cannot decide what belongs where; therefore, they choose to preserve things rather than discard them. […] Hoarding disorder sufferers frequently struggle with cognitive functioning issues, such as indecision. […] These problems may significantly impact their functionality and the overall degree of hoarding disorder. […] The prognosis for hoarding could be better. Even though cognitive behavioural therapy helps some patients significantly improve their illnesses, many patients continue to experience symptoms that interfere with their daily lives.

• #59 Hoarding Behaviours and Treatment Approaches

  https://www.samarpanhealth.com/blog/hoarding-behaviours-and-treatment-approaches

  Feeling stressed out when trying to discard things. […] Apprehension regarding future item needs. […] Living in cluttered, unsuitable spaces. […] A person suffering from hoarding disorder may amass items due to any of the following reasons: They think something will hold value or be helpful in the future. […] They believe a sure thing to be unique, sentimental, or irreplaceable. […] They cannot decide what belongs where; therefore, they choose to preserve things rather than discard them. […] Hoarding disorder sufferers frequently struggle with cognitive functioning issues, such as indecision. […] These problems may significantly impact their functionality and the overall degree of hoarding disorder. […] The prognosis for hoarding could be better. Even though cognitive behavioural therapy helps some patients significantly improve their illnesses, many patients continue to experience symptoms that interfere with their daily lives.

• #60 Hoarding Disorder: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17682-hoarding-disorder

  Hoarding disorder is a mental health condition in which you have a strong need to save a large number of items and experience distress when attempting to get rid of them. […] Hoarding disorder often begins during adolescence and gradually worsens with age, causing significant issues by the mid-30s. […] Some people with hoarding disorder recognize that their hoarding-related beliefs and behaviors are problematic, but many don’t. In many cases, stressful or traumatic events, such as divorce or the death of a loved one, are associated with the onset of hoarding symptoms. […] People with hoarding disorder feel a strong need to save their possessions. Other symptoms include: Inability to get rid of possessions, Experiencing extreme stress when attempting to throw out items, Anxiety about needing items in the future, Uncertainty about where to put things, Distrust of other people touching possessions, Living in unusable spaces due to clutter, Withdrawing from friends and family.

• #61 Hoarding disorder: Treatments, symptoms, causes, and definition

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326369

  Hoarding disorder is a condition that makes it difficult for people to throw things away, regardless of their value. […] A person with hoarding disorder may also experience disorganization, indecisiveness, and distractibility. […] People with hoarding disorder may find it difficult or stressful to throw away items that others view as worthless or of little value. […] Over time, they may run out of room to store these things, so they may have to display their belongings chaotically. […] Some people with hoarding disorder might even start to acquire living things, including companion or farm animals. This can endanger both human and animal welfare due to factors such as overcrowding, unhygienic conditions, and a possible lack of veterinary care. […] Other symptoms that people with hoarding disorder may experience include emotional distress, such as being overwhelmed or embarrassed by their possessions or living situation, suspicion or fear of other people touching their items, obsessive fears and actions, such as checking trashcans for discarded items or a fear of needing an item in the future, feeling responsible for objects, and sometimes thinking of inanimate objects as having feelings.

• #62 Hoarding disorder: Treatments, symptoms, causes, and definition

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326369

  Hoarding disorder is a condition that makes it difficult for people to throw things away, regardless of their value. […] A person with hoarding disorder may also experience disorganization, indecisiveness, and distractibility. […] People with hoarding disorder may find it difficult or stressful to throw away items that others view as worthless or of little value. […] Over time, they may run out of room to store these things, so they may have to display their belongings chaotically. […] Some people with hoarding disorder might even start to acquire living things, including companion or farm animals. This can endanger both human and animal welfare due to factors such as overcrowding, unhygienic conditions, and a possible lack of veterinary care. […] Other symptoms that people with hoarding disorder may experience include emotional distress, such as being overwhelmed or embarrassed by their possessions or living situation, suspicion or fear of other people touching their items, obsessive fears and actions, such as checking trashcans for discarded items or a fear of needing an item in the future, feeling responsible for objects, and sometimes thinking of inanimate objects as having feelings.

• #63

  https://psychology.org.au/for-members/publications/inpsych/2019/october/unpacking-hoarding-disorder

  Hoarding disorder is defined by difficulty discarding material possessions, accompanied by frequent accumulation of possessions and cluttered, disorganised living spaces. […] Lack of insight is common in hoarding disorder, and instances exist where clients have refused to acknowledge a problem despite being physically unable to enter their home due to the build-up of possessions. […] Symptoms measured by the inventory are divided into three dimensions: (i) accumulation of possessions; (ii) clutter and disorganisation; and (iii) difficulty discarding. […] Most individuals in clinical samples are aged 50 or older, however it is common for clients to report that hoarding-consistent cognitions, emotions and attitudes (e.g., aversion to waste) have characterised them since childhood. […] Strong emotional attachment to possessions is the core characteristic of hoarding.

• #64

  https://psychology.org.au/for-members/publications/inpsych/2019/october/unpacking-hoarding-disorder

  Information-processing deficits are also a key theme in individuals with hoarding disorder. […] A number of unhelpful, unrealistic and all too often rigorously defended beliefs are commonly linked to hoarding behaviour. […] Finally, negative reinforcement of avoidance is a core process driving and maintaining hoarding behaviour. […] The sheer physical task of decluttering a hoarding home would be overwhelming for anyone, even without the strong emotional attachments that complicate hoarding disorder. […] Talking about discarding is not enough a hoarding problem will never get better unless the client is able to let go of some of their possessions. […] It is noteworthy that rather than anxiety, the primary emotion associated with discarding is grief. […] Treating hoarding is a multi-level problem that requires a multi-level solution.

• #65 Understanding The 5 Stages of Hoarding | Epiphany Wellness

  https://www.epiphanywellnesscenters.org/5-stages-of-hoarding/

  Hoarding affects close to 2.6% of all Americans according to American Psychiatry Association. […] Signs of hoarding include acquisition, clutter, difficulty discarding, disorganization, difficulty with decision-making, social isolation and impairment. […] There are different levels of hoarding, which encompass minimal, mild, moderate, severe, and extreme clutter. Each level of advancement brings increasingly significant health risks to the hoarder and any close associates. […] Some clinical hoarding symptoms include: Persistent difficulty parting with possessions, no matter their real or perceived value. […] The feeling of acute distress, paranoia, or grief associated with discarding possessions. […] Accumulation of possessions that clutter active living areas and substantially impede their intended use or safe exit.

• #66 The 5 Stages of Hoarding: What are They? | Valor Technical Cleaning

  https://valortechnicalcleaning.com/articles/5-stages-of-hoarding/

  As with any mental health condition, the first step to getting the appropriate care is to recognize the signs. The sooner you detect symptoms, the sooner someone can begin their recovery. […] If left untreated, hoarding can have many negative consequences, including causing problems in relationships and disrupting work and social activities. It can also lead to safety hazards in the home like tripping, fires, harmful bacteria, and potential rodent infestations. […] If someone exhibits symptoms from the second stage on the hoarding scale, that should raise concerns but may not automatically suggest a hoarding diagnosis. […] At this stage, the person will have an inconsistent housekeeping routine, but likely an awareness that their home is deteriorating in hygiene. […] This stage is the threshold between a messy, cluttered environment, and one that may be a hoarding environment.

• #67 5 Stages of Hoarding Explained – Spaulding Decon

  https://www.spauldingdecon.com/blog/5-stages-of-hoarding

  At this stage, hoarding goes beyond simple collecting. While the home may appear clean and functional, signs of excessive accumulation are present. Cabinets, closets, and storage areas are overfilled, making it difficult to organize personal belongings. […] When a hoarder has reached level 2, they begin avoiding visitors due to embarrassment, stress or anxiety regarding their hoarded items. Clutter accumulates in walkways and living areas, making cleaning more difficult. This level is when typical hoarding characteristics start to become noticeable. […] At this stage, hoarding becomes highly noticeable and can impact hygiene, mental health, and physical well-being. Individuals often justify their living conditions and may resist help. […] At Level 4, hoarders may completely neglect personal hygiene and self-care. Individuals who have reached this level of hoarding often go weeks without bathing. They usually are suffering from a mental health crisis and cannot see that their situation is dangerous or unsanitary. Homes often contain mold, structural damage, and severe clutter buildup, making them hazardous to live in.

• #68 5 Stages of Hoarding Explained – Spaulding Decon

  https://www.spauldingdecon.com/blog/5-stages-of-hoarding

  At this stage, hoarding goes beyond simple collecting. While the home may appear clean and functional, signs of excessive accumulation are present. Cabinets, closets, and storage areas are overfilled, making it difficult to organize personal belongings. […] When a hoarder has reached level 2, they begin avoiding visitors due to embarrassment, stress or anxiety regarding their hoarded items. Clutter accumulates in walkways and living areas, making cleaning more difficult. This level is when typical hoarding characteristics start to become noticeable. […] At this stage, hoarding becomes highly noticeable and can impact hygiene, mental health, and physical well-being. Individuals often justify their living conditions and may resist help. […] At Level 4, hoarders may completely neglect personal hygiene and self-care. Individuals who have reached this level of hoarding often go weeks without bathing. They usually are suffering from a mental health crisis and cannot see that their situation is dangerous or unsanitary. Homes often contain mold, structural damage, and severe clutter buildup, making them hazardous to live in.

• #69 5 Stages of Hoarding Explained – Spaulding Decon

  https://www.spauldingdecon.com/blog/5-stages-of-hoarding

  At this stage, hoarding goes beyond simple collecting. While the home may appear clean and functional, signs of excessive accumulation are present. Cabinets, closets, and storage areas are overfilled, making it difficult to organize personal belongings. […] When a hoarder has reached level 2, they begin avoiding visitors due to embarrassment, stress or anxiety regarding their hoarded items. Clutter accumulates in walkways and living areas, making cleaning more difficult. This level is when typical hoarding characteristics start to become noticeable. […] At this stage, hoarding becomes highly noticeable and can impact hygiene, mental health, and physical well-being. Individuals often justify their living conditions and may resist help. […] At Level 4, hoarders may completely neglect personal hygiene and self-care. Individuals who have reached this level of hoarding often go weeks without bathing. They usually are suffering from a mental health crisis and cannot see that their situation is dangerous or unsanitary. Homes often contain mold, structural damage, and severe clutter buildup, making them hazardous to live in.

• #70 5 Stages of Hoarding Explained – Spaulding Decon

  https://www.spauldingdecon.com/blog/5-stages-of-hoarding

  At this stage, hoarding goes beyond simple collecting. While the home may appear clean and functional, signs of excessive accumulation are present. Cabinets, closets, and storage areas are overfilled, making it difficult to organize personal belongings. […] When a hoarder has reached level 2, they begin avoiding visitors due to embarrassment, stress or anxiety regarding their hoarded items. Clutter accumulates in walkways and living areas, making cleaning more difficult. This level is when typical hoarding characteristics start to become noticeable. […] At this stage, hoarding becomes highly noticeable and can impact hygiene, mental health, and physical well-being. Individuals often justify their living conditions and may resist help. […] At Level 4, hoarders may completely neglect personal hygiene and self-care. Individuals who have reached this level of hoarding often go weeks without bathing. They usually are suffering from a mental health crisis and cannot see that their situation is dangerous or unsanitary. Homes often contain mold, structural damage, and severe clutter buildup, making them hazardous to live in.

• #71 5 Stages of Hoarding Explained – Spaulding Decon

  https://www.spauldingdecon.com/blog/5-stages-of-hoarding

  At this stage, hoarding makes the home completely unlivable. Major fire hazards, structural damage, and biohazard conditions exist. Individuals often deny the severity of their situation. […] The effects of hoarding go beyond the mess that has arisen. As a hoarder progresses through the levels of hoarding, there are serious safety concerns regarding sanitation and safety. Not only are the hoarders themselves a victim in these situations, the loved ones and neighbors of the hoarder are as well. […] Hoarding situations escalate over time, and early intervention is the best way to prevent catastrophic conditions. If you or a loved one is struggling with hoarding at any stage, help is available.

• #72 The 5 Stages of Hoarding: What are They? | Valor Technical Cleaning

  https://valortechnicalcleaning.com/articles/5-stages-of-hoarding/

  Both medical and cleaning professionals should be called if you worry that someone has reached stage 3. […] Someone fitting stage 4 symptoms is deemed highly likely to have a hoarding disorder. […] The highest stage on the scale indicates a severe hoarding condition. […] At stage 5, anyone entering the home will require full personal protective equipment such as face masks, safety goggles, gloves, hand sanitizer, and a first aid kit. […] Acknowledging when someone may need help can have a hugely positive impact on their journey ahead.

• #73 The 5 Stages of Hoarding: What are They? | Valor Technical Cleaning

  https://valortechnicalcleaning.com/articles/5-stages-of-hoarding/

  Both medical and cleaning professionals should be called if you worry that someone has reached stage 3. […] Someone fitting stage 4 symptoms is deemed highly likely to have a hoarding disorder. […] The highest stage on the scale indicates a severe hoarding condition. […] At stage 5, anyone entering the home will require full personal protective equipment such as face masks, safety goggles, gloves, hand sanitizer, and a first aid kit. […] Acknowledging when someone may need help can have a hugely positive impact on their journey ahead.

• #74 Hoarding disorder – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/hoarding-disorder/

  A hoarding disorder is where someone acquires an excessive number of items and stores them in a chaotic manner, usually resulting in unmanageable amounts of clutter. The items can be of little or no monetary value. […] Hoarding disorders are challenging to treat because many people who hoard frequently do not see it as a problem, or have little awareness of how it’s affecting their life or the lives of others. […] It’s really important to encourage a person who is hoarding to seek help, as their difficulties discarding objects can not only cause loneliness and mental health problems but also pose a health and safety risk. […] If not tackled, it’s a problem that will probably never go away. […] Mental health problems associated with hoarding include severe depression, psychotic disorders, such as schizophrenia, and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD).

• #75 Hoarding: Definition, Symptoms, Traits, Causes, Treatment

  https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-hoarding-disorder-2510602

  Over time, a person’s level of daily functioning and living conditions become more impaired by hoarding, which is often exacerbated by a significant or traumatic life event (e.g., death of a spouse, loss of a job, children moving away to college). […] Hoarding is often complicated by mental health conditions such as depression and anxiety, which co-occur in approximately 75% of individuals with the disorder. […] Around 2% to 6% of the general population in the United States is estimated to have a hoarding disorder. Hoarding behaviors often start in childhood or adolescence and progressively worsen as a person gets older.

• #76 Psychiatric Issues in Hoarding

  https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/psychiatric-issues-hoarding

  Hoarding appears to affect more men than women, although women are more likely to participate in research and seek treatment. […] Hoarding is a significant psychiatric problem that occurs at twice the rate of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and at almost 4 times the rate of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. […] It has been linked with impulse control disorders and appears to have high comorbid rates of major depressive disorder (MDD), social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and personality disorders. […] A recent study confirmed that major depressive disorder was the most frequently occurring comorbid condition (more than 50%) and that kleptomania was a factor in 10% of the sample. […] Individually administered CBT, following the protocol developed by Steketee and Frost, appears to be the most effective treatment, with a 70% to 80% rate of clinical improvement for patients who complete treatment.

• #77 Hoarding disorder – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/hoarding-disorder/

  A hoarding disorder is where someone acquires an excessive number of items and stores them in a chaotic manner, usually resulting in unmanageable amounts of clutter. The items can be of little or no monetary value. […] Hoarding disorders are challenging to treat because many people who hoard frequently do not see it as a problem, or have little awareness of how it’s affecting their life or the lives of others. […] It’s really important to encourage a person who is hoarding to seek help, as their difficulties discarding objects can not only cause loneliness and mental health problems but also pose a health and safety risk. […] If not tackled, it’s a problem that will probably never go away. […] Mental health problems associated with hoarding include severe depression, psychotic disorders, such as schizophrenia, and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD).

• #78 Hoarding Disorder: Symptoms, Treatments & ADHD LinkFooterLogo

  https://www.additudemag.com/hoarding-disorder-why-people-hoard-adhd/?srsltid=AfmBOor93v3xC273F0B9Clf5nJuY2gGn5sy6Bb0ADGjBh1s1iCDJEYzT

  The accumulation of possessions clutters active living areas and substantially compromises the intended use of the space. […] Hoarding disorder causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning (including maintaining a safe environment for self and others). […] Hoarding disorder may co-occur with other conditions. […] Many ADHD symptoms overlap with hoarding disorder symptoms, but they are distinct disorders. […] Some studies have suggested that there may be some shared vulnerability between hoarding disorder and ADHD, and that inattentive ADHD may predict some of the core features of hoarding disorder. […] Hoarding disorder and ADHD share various executive function deficits, including weak organization, focus and decluttering skills, and cognitive flexibility.

• #79 Psychiatric Issues in Hoarding

  https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/psychiatric-issues-hoarding

  Hoarding appears to affect more men than women, although women are more likely to participate in research and seek treatment. […] Hoarding is a significant psychiatric problem that occurs at twice the rate of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and at almost 4 times the rate of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. […] It has been linked with impulse control disorders and appears to have high comorbid rates of major depressive disorder (MDD), social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and personality disorders. […] A recent study confirmed that major depressive disorder was the most frequently occurring comorbid condition (more than 50%) and that kleptomania was a factor in 10% of the sample. […] Individually administered CBT, following the protocol developed by Steketee and Frost, appears to be the most effective treatment, with a 70% to 80% rate of clinical improvement for patients who complete treatment.

• #80 Psychiatric Issues in Hoarding

  https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/psychiatric-issues-hoarding

  Hoarding appears to affect more men than women, although women are more likely to participate in research and seek treatment. […] Hoarding is a significant psychiatric problem that occurs at twice the rate of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and at almost 4 times the rate of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. […] It has been linked with impulse control disorders and appears to have high comorbid rates of major depressive disorder (MDD), social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and personality disorders. […] A recent study confirmed that major depressive disorder was the most frequently occurring comorbid condition (more than 50%) and that kleptomania was a factor in 10% of the sample. […] Individually administered CBT, following the protocol developed by Steketee and Frost, appears to be the most effective treatment, with a 70% to 80% rate of clinical improvement for patients who complete treatment.

• #81 Hoarding in Late Life – CGA Toolkit Plus

  https://www.cgakit.com/hoarding-in-late-life

  While many of the risks associated with hoarding behaviours are prevalent across the life span, hoarding symptoms may have a particularly devastating impact on the well-being of geriatric populations. […] Older adults with HD are at increased risk for falling, fires and mould in the home, poor hygiene and nutrition, and medical problems. […] The level of perceived risk increases with hoarding symptom severity. […] The higher incidence of medical conditions on older adults with HD may be due in part to the increased health risks associated with hoarding (Ayers CR, 2014 B). […] Presence of a comorbid disorder significantly increases symptom severity in geriatric patients. […] Assessment of HD can be difficult due to patient perceptions. […] Diagnosis of HD can be made using the Structured Interview for Hoarding Disorder (SIHD), which assesses for the DSM-5 criteria for HD (Nordsletten AE, 2013). […] Both psychotherapy and medication-based interventions have demonstrated positive results for the treatment of compulsive hoarding and HD. […] HD is a chronic and progressive disease, and it can be a challenge to treat, even for more experienced clinicians.

• #82 Hoarding Disorder: Definition, Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://www.brightpathbh.com/hoarding-disorder/

  Severe anxiety and distress associated with discarding items are hallmark symptoms of hoarding disorder. This anxiety is so overwhelming that it interferes with daily functioning. […] Individuals with hoarding disorder are normally unable to decide about what to keep and where to put things. This results in disorganized piles of items, making it difficult to find necessary items when needed. […] People with hoarding disorder experience functional impairments that affect various aspects of life, including social interactions, work performance, and personal health. […] Hoarding disorder usually occurs with other mental health conditions, such as depression and anxiety disorders, including obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). These comorbid conditions worsen hoarding symptoms, creating a complex interplay that makes treatment more challenging. […] The prognosis varies with individuals; while respond well to treatment, while others continue to struggle with hoarding behaviors despite therapy.

• #83 Hoarding Disorder: Symptoms, Treatments & ADHD LinkFooterLogo

  https://www.additudemag.com/hoarding-disorder-why-people-hoard-adhd/?srsltid=AfmBOor93v3xC273F0B9Clf5nJuY2gGn5sy6Bb0ADGjBh1s1iCDJEYzT

  The accumulation of possessions clutters active living areas and substantially compromises the intended use of the space. […] Hoarding disorder causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning (including maintaining a safe environment for self and others). […] Hoarding disorder may co-occur with other conditions. […] Many ADHD symptoms overlap with hoarding disorder symptoms, but they are distinct disorders. […] Some studies have suggested that there may be some shared vulnerability between hoarding disorder and ADHD, and that inattentive ADHD may predict some of the core features of hoarding disorder. […] Hoarding disorder and ADHD share various executive function deficits, including weak organization, focus and decluttering skills, and cognitive flexibility.

• #84 Hoarding Disorder: Symptoms, Treatments & ADHD LinkFooterLogo

  https://www.additudemag.com/hoarding-disorder-why-people-hoard-adhd/?srsltid=AfmBOor93v3xC273F0B9Clf5nJuY2gGn5sy6Bb0ADGjBh1s1iCDJEYzT

  The accumulation of possessions clutters active living areas and substantially compromises the intended use of the space. […] Hoarding disorder causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning (including maintaining a safe environment for self and others). […] Hoarding disorder may co-occur with other conditions. […] Many ADHD symptoms overlap with hoarding disorder symptoms, but they are distinct disorders. […] Some studies have suggested that there may be some shared vulnerability between hoarding disorder and ADHD, and that inattentive ADHD may predict some of the core features of hoarding disorder. […] Hoarding disorder and ADHD share various executive function deficits, including weak organization, focus and decluttering skills, and cognitive flexibility.

• #85 Hoarding Disorder: Symptoms, Treatments & ADHD LinkFooterLogo

  https://www.additudemag.com/hoarding-disorder-why-people-hoard-adhd/?srsltid=AfmBOor93v3xC273F0B9Clf5nJuY2gGn5sy6Bb0ADGjBh1s1iCDJEYzT

  The accumulation of possessions clutters active living areas and substantially compromises the intended use of the space. […] Hoarding disorder causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning (including maintaining a safe environment for self and others). […] Hoarding disorder may co-occur with other conditions. […] Many ADHD symptoms overlap with hoarding disorder symptoms, but they are distinct disorders. […] Some studies have suggested that there may be some shared vulnerability between hoarding disorder and ADHD, and that inattentive ADHD may predict some of the core features of hoarding disorder. […] Hoarding disorder and ADHD share various executive function deficits, including weak organization, focus and decluttering skills, and cognitive flexibility.

• #86 Hoarding Disorder: Symptoms, Treatments & ADHD LinkFooterLogo

  https://www.additudemag.com/hoarding-disorder-why-people-hoard-adhd/?srsltid=AfmBOor93v3xC273F0B9Clf5nJuY2gGn5sy6Bb0ADGjBh1s1iCDJEYzT

  Inattentive ADHD in childhood carries the risk of a future hoarding disorder. […] At least one study has found that ADHD in children predicts the development of hoarding, but it doesn’t mean that someone with ADHD will invariably develop a hoarding problem. […] Hoarding behaviors in children, such as reacting strongly to others touching and moving objects, abnormal personification, and having little insight into their behaviors, overlap with ADHD characteristics.

• #87 ADHD and Hoarding Disorder: New Information – CHADD

  https://chadd.org/adhd-news/adhd-news-adults/adhd-and-hoarding-disorder-new-information/

  Researchers evaluated volunteers for hoarding disorder and ADHD. They saw that many older adults with hoarding behaviors appeared to have undiagnosed ADHD. […] It is believed that many older hoarders have lived with undiagnosed ADHD since childhood, says Sharon Morein-Zamir, PhD, lead researcher. […] Dr. Morein-Zamir says a clue to answering these questions may come from what is already known about hoarding: that those who hoard have problems with inattention, planning, and organizing. These are also core symptoms of ADHD. […] Our results suggest up to one in five adults seeking help for ADHD may also have issues with hoarding that impair their everyday life, says Dr. Morein-Zamir. […] It is also consistent with the possibility that many of the older hoarders we have worked with may have undiagnosed ADHD.

• #88 ADHD and Hoarding Disorder: New Information – CHADD

  https://chadd.org/adhd-news/adhd-news-adults/adhd-and-hoarding-disorder-new-information/

  Researchers evaluated volunteers for hoarding disorder and ADHD. They saw that many older adults with hoarding behaviors appeared to have undiagnosed ADHD. […] It is believed that many older hoarders have lived with undiagnosed ADHD since childhood, says Sharon Morein-Zamir, PhD, lead researcher. […] Dr. Morein-Zamir says a clue to answering these questions may come from what is already known about hoarding: that those who hoard have problems with inattention, planning, and organizing. These are also core symptoms of ADHD. […] Our results suggest up to one in five adults seeking help for ADHD may also have issues with hoarding that impair their everyday life, says Dr. Morein-Zamir. […] It is also consistent with the possibility that many of the older hoarders we have worked with may have undiagnosed ADHD.

• #89 Hoarding Disorder: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17682-hoarding-disorder

  Many people with hoarding disorder also have associated issues with cognitive functioning, including: Indecisiveness, Perfectionism, Procrastination, Disorganization, Distractibility. […] The prognosis (outlook) for hoarding disorder is often poor. While some people with the condition greatly improve after treatment with cognitive behavioral therapy, many people still have symptoms after treatment that impact their day-to-day life. […] People with hoarding disorder often have a lack of functional living space, which can prevent them from performing important daily tasks, such as cooking, cleaning, sleeping and bathing. They may also live in unhealthy or unsafe conditions. Serious hoarding can lead to fire hazards, tripping hazards and health code violations. […] Hoarding disorder can also cause problems in relationships and social and work activities. It often leads to family strain and conflicts, isolation and loneliness.

• #90 Hoarding disorder – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/hoarding-disorder/

  Hoarding can start as early as the teenage years and gets more noticeable with age. For many, hoarding becomes more problematic in older age, but the problem is usually well established by this time. […] A hoarding disorder can be a problem for several reasons. It can take over the person’s life, making it very difficult for them to get around their house. It can cause their work performance, personal hygiene and relationships to suffer. […] The clutter can pose a health risk to the person and anyone who lives in or visits their house. […] The hoarding could also be a sign of an underlying condition, such as OCD, other types of anxiety, depression and dementia. […] It’s not easy to treat a hoarding disorder, even when the person is prepared to seek help, but it can be overcome. […] The main treatment is cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT).

• #91 Hoarding disorder – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/hoarding-disorder/

  A hoarding disorder is where someone acquires an excessive number of items and stores them in a chaotic manner, usually resulting in unmanageable amounts of clutter. The items can be of little or no monetary value. […] Hoarding disorders are challenging to treat because many people who hoard frequently do not see it as a problem, or have little awareness of how it’s affecting their life or the lives of others. […] It’s really important to encourage a person who is hoarding to seek help, as their difficulties discarding objects can not only cause loneliness and mental health problems but also pose a health and safety risk. […] If not tackled, it’s a problem that will probably never go away. […] Mental health problems associated with hoarding include severe depression, psychotic disorders, such as schizophrenia, and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD).

• #92 Hoarding disorder – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hoarding-disorder/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20356062

  People often don’t seek treatment for hoarding disorder, but rather for other issues, such as depression, anxiety or relationship problems. […] Treatment of hoarding disorder can be challenging but effective if you keep working on learning new skills. Some people don’t recognize the negative impact of hoarding on their lives or don’t believe they need treatment. This is especially true if the possessions or animals offer comfort. If these possessions or animals are taken away, people will often react with frustration and anger. They may quickly collect more to help satisfy emotional needs. […] Cognitive behavioral therapy is the main treatment for hoarding disorder.

• #93 Hoarding disorder – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hoarding-disorder/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20356062

  People often don’t seek treatment for hoarding disorder, but rather for other issues, such as depression, anxiety or relationship problems. […] Treatment of hoarding disorder can be challenging but effective if you keep working on learning new skills. Some people don’t recognize the negative impact of hoarding on their lives or don’t believe they need treatment. This is especially true if the possessions or animals offer comfort. If these possessions or animals are taken away, people will often react with frustration and anger. They may quickly collect more to help satisfy emotional needs. […] Cognitive behavioral therapy is the main treatment for hoarding disorder.

• #94 Hoarding disorder – Augusta HealthSearchClose SearchSearch IconSearch IconClose Search IconMobile Menu IconMobile Menu Close IconInstagramFacebookTwitterYoutube

  https://www.augustahealth.com/disease/hoarding-disorder/

  Hoarding usually starts around ages 11 to 15, and it tends to get worse with age. Hoarding is more common in older adults than in younger adults. […] Treatment of hoarding disorder can be challenging because many people don’t recognize the negative impact of hoarding on their lives or don’t believe they need treatment. This is especially true if the possessions or animals offer comfort. If these possessions or animals are taken away, people will often react with frustration and anger and quickly collect more to help fulfill emotional needs. […] The main treatment for hoarding disorder is cognitive behavioral therapy. Medications may be added, particularly if you also have anxiety or depression. […] Treatment often involves routine assistance from family, friends and agencies to help remove clutter. This is particularly the case for the elderly or those struggling with medical conditions that may make it difficult to maintain effort and motivation.

• #95 Hoarding disorder – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/hoarding-disorder/

  Hoarding can start as early as the teenage years and gets more noticeable with age. For many, hoarding becomes more problematic in older age, but the problem is usually well established by this time. […] A hoarding disorder can be a problem for several reasons. It can take over the person’s life, making it very difficult for them to get around their house. It can cause their work performance, personal hygiene and relationships to suffer. […] The clutter can pose a health risk to the person and anyone who lives in or visits their house. […] The hoarding could also be a sign of an underlying condition, such as OCD, other types of anxiety, depression and dementia. […] It’s not easy to treat a hoarding disorder, even when the person is prepared to seek help, but it can be overcome. […] The main treatment is cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT).

• #96 Hoarding disorder – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hoarding-disorder/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20356062

  People often don’t seek treatment for hoarding disorder, but rather for other issues, such as depression, anxiety or relationship problems. […] Treatment of hoarding disorder can be challenging but effective if you keep working on learning new skills. Some people don’t recognize the negative impact of hoarding on their lives or don’t believe they need treatment. This is especially true if the possessions or animals offer comfort. If these possessions or animals are taken away, people will often react with frustration and anger. They may quickly collect more to help satisfy emotional needs. […] Cognitive behavioral therapy is the main treatment for hoarding disorder.

• #97 Hoarding disorder – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/hoarding-disorder/

  Antidepressant medicines called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have also been shown to help some people with hoarding disorders. […] Regular sessions of CBT over a long period of time are usually necessary and will almost always need to include some home-based sessions, working directly on the clutter. […] The goal is to improve the person’s decision-making and organisational skills, help them overcome urges to save and, ultimately, clear the clutter, room by room.

• #98 Hoarding disorder – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/hoarding-disorder/

  Antidepressant medicines called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have also been shown to help some people with hoarding disorders. […] Regular sessions of CBT over a long period of time are usually necessary and will almost always need to include some home-based sessions, working directly on the clutter. […] The goal is to improve the person’s decision-making and organisational skills, help them overcome urges to save and, ultimately, clear the clutter, room by room.

• #99 Hoarding disorder – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/hoarding-disorder/

  Antidepressant medicines called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have also been shown to help some people with hoarding disorders. […] Regular sessions of CBT over a long period of time are usually necessary and will almost always need to include some home-based sessions, working directly on the clutter. […] The goal is to improve the person’s decision-making and organisational skills, help them overcome urges to save and, ultimately, clear the clutter, room by room.

• #100 Hoarding disorder – Augusta HealthSearchClose SearchSearch IconSearch IconClose Search IconMobile Menu IconMobile Menu Close IconInstagramFacebookTwitterYoutube

  https://www.augustahealth.com/disease/hoarding-disorder/

  Hoarding usually starts around ages 11 to 15, and it tends to get worse with age. Hoarding is more common in older adults than in younger adults. […] Treatment of hoarding disorder can be challenging because many people don’t recognize the negative impact of hoarding on their lives or don’t believe they need treatment. This is especially true if the possessions or animals offer comfort. If these possessions or animals are taken away, people will often react with frustration and anger and quickly collect more to help fulfill emotional needs. […] The main treatment for hoarding disorder is cognitive behavioral therapy. Medications may be added, particularly if you also have anxiety or depression. […] Treatment often involves routine assistance from family, friends and agencies to help remove clutter. This is particularly the case for the elderly or those struggling with medical conditions that may make it difficult to maintain effort and motivation.

• #101 Hoarding disorder – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/hoarding-disorder/

  Antidepressant medicines called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have also been shown to help some people with hoarding disorders. […] Regular sessions of CBT over a long period of time are usually necessary and will almost always need to include some home-based sessions, working directly on the clutter. […] The goal is to improve the person’s decision-making and organisational skills, help them overcome urges to save and, ultimately, clear the clutter, room by room.

• #102 Hoarding disorder – Augusta HealthSearchClose SearchSearch IconSearch IconClose Search IconMobile Menu IconMobile Menu Close IconInstagramFacebookTwitterYoutube

  https://www.augustahealth.com/disease/hoarding-disorder/

  Hoarding usually starts around ages 11 to 15, and it tends to get worse with age. Hoarding is more common in older adults than in younger adults. […] Treatment of hoarding disorder can be challenging because many people don’t recognize the negative impact of hoarding on their lives or don’t believe they need treatment. This is especially true if the possessions or animals offer comfort. If these possessions or animals are taken away, people will often react with frustration and anger and quickly collect more to help fulfill emotional needs. […] The main treatment for hoarding disorder is cognitive behavioral therapy. Medications may be added, particularly if you also have anxiety or depression. […] Treatment often involves routine assistance from family, friends and agencies to help remove clutter. This is particularly the case for the elderly or those struggling with medical conditions that may make it difficult to maintain effort and motivation.

• #103 Hoarding disorder – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/hoarding-disorder/

  Antidepressant medicines called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have also been shown to help some people with hoarding disorders. […] Regular sessions of CBT over a long period of time are usually necessary and will almost always need to include some home-based sessions, working directly on the clutter. […] The goal is to improve the person’s decision-making and organisational skills, help them overcome urges to save and, ultimately, clear the clutter, room by room.

• #104 Psychiatric Issues in Hoarding

  https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/psychiatric-issues-hoarding

  Hoarding appears to affect more men than women, although women are more likely to participate in research and seek treatment. […] Hoarding is a significant psychiatric problem that occurs at twice the rate of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and at almost 4 times the rate of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. […] It has been linked with impulse control disorders and appears to have high comorbid rates of major depressive disorder (MDD), social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and personality disorders. […] A recent study confirmed that major depressive disorder was the most frequently occurring comorbid condition (more than 50%) and that kleptomania was a factor in 10% of the sample. […] Individually administered CBT, following the protocol developed by Steketee and Frost, appears to be the most effective treatment, with a 70% to 80% rate of clinical improvement for patients who complete treatment.

• #105 Psychiatric Issues in Hoarding

  https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/psychiatric-issues-hoarding

  The most effective approach to date appears to be individually administered CBT, following the model and methods of Steketee and Frost. […] A recent pilot study of 10 completers and a controlled trial with 37 completers yielded rates of 70% improved or much improved according to the therapists and 80% according to patients. […] Overall, 60% of patients showed clinically significant improvement following 26 sessions of individual CBT that included monthly in-home visits. […] Further research is necessary to examine methods to enhance cognitive function (eg, attention, executive functioning) to improve the effectiveness of CBT.

• #106 Psychiatry.org – What is Hoarding Disorder?

  https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/hoarding-disorder/what-is-hoarding-disorder

  Hoarding behaviors appear relatively early in life and then follow a chronic course. Most studies report onset between 15 and 19 years of age. Early recognition, diagnosis, and treatment are crucial to improving outcomes. […] Despite the effectiveness of CBT for hoarding disorder, a substantial number of hoarding disorder cases remain clinically impaired by their hoarding symptoms after treatment.

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