Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Epidemiology of hoarding disorder | The British Journal of Psychiatry | Cambridge Core

  https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/the-british-journal-of-psychiatry/article/epidemiology-of-hoarding-disorder/341C3B0AAA82B8B24840702FB2E6F1D6

  Hoarding disorder is typified by persistent difficulties discarding possessions, resulting in significant clutter that obstructs the individual’s living environment and produces considerable functional impairment. The prevalence of hoarding disorder, as defined in DSM-5, is currently unknown. […] Despite advancements in the literature, much remains unknown about the basic epidemiology of hoarding disorder. Although such information is essential for mapping the health services required by this population, only a handful of studies have attempted to approach hoarding disorder from an epidemiological perspective. […] The current study sought to provide more accurate estimates of hoarding disorder and its associated characteristics and comorbidities in an ethnically diverse, representative, community sample.

• #2 Hoarding Throughout the Life Span

  https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/hoarding-throughout-life-span

  Hoarding disorder (HD) is a behavioral syndrome that is defined in DSM-5 as persistent difficulty in discarding items, regardless of their actual value. This difficulty in discarding is due to a perceived need to save that is accompanied by distress associated with discarding. Over time, the progressive accumulation of clutter in living or work areas results in functional impairment and reduced quality of life, including associated health and safety risks. […] HD is most prevalent in adults over age 50, although hoarding behaviors have been documented in individuals of all ages. […] Retrospective studies suggest that the overall prevalence of HD in adults is between 2% and 6%, and the age of onset of hoarding symptoms for persons who meet DSM-5 criteria for HD is typically between age 11 and 15.

• #3 Prevalence of Hoarding Disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31200169/

  Currently there is uncertainty concerning the prevalence of Hoarding Disorder (HD) due to methodological issues in the evidence base. Estimates have widely ranged from between 1.5% and 6% of the general population. This systematic review and meta-analysis therefore aimed to summarise and reliably estimate the prevalence of HD by employing strict inclusion criteria and using studies with sufficiently large samples. A random effects meta-analysis was then conducted, with subgroup moderator analysis and meta-regression. The pooled estimated prevalence for HD was 2.5% (CI 1.7-3.6%) and subgroup analyses revealed that prevalence rates were similar for both males and females. […] Guidance on the manner in which HD is assessed in future prevalence studies is provided and the clinical implications of the results discussed.

• #4 Understanding Hoarding Disorder | Mental Health Academy

  https://www.mentalhealthacademy.com.au/blog/post/understanding-hoarding-disorder

  Hoarding disorder affects 2.5% of the population. This article – the first of a 3-part series – explores what hoarding disorder is, including its prevalence and aetiology. […] Hoarding disorder affects 2.5% of the population and arises from a combination of factors, such as emotional dysregulation, information-processing deficits, unhelpful beliefs, and behavioural avoidance. […] According to the American Psychiatric Association (2013), hoarders are more numerous than those suffering from almost any other psychological disorder of adulthood, with hoarding disorder affecting 1 out of every 25 to 50 adults. Pooled prevalence estimates in over 50,000 participants suggest an estimate of around 2.5%. The prevalence is lowest among teenagers and highest among adults over 55, where the prevalence is nearly 7% (Mathews, 2021).

• #5 Epidemiology of hoarding disorder – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24158881/

  Hoarding disorder is typified by persistent difficulties discarding possessions, resulting in significant clutter that obstructs the individual’s living environment and produces considerable functional impairment. The prevalence of hoarding disorder, as defined in DSM-5, is currently unknown. […] In total, 19 individuals met DSM-5 criteria for hoarding disorder at the time of interview, corresponding to a weighted prevalence of 1.5% (95% CI 0.7-2.2). […] With a lower-bound prevalence of approximately 1.5%, hoarding disorder presents as a condition that affects people of both genders and is associated with substantial adversity.

• #6 Epidemiology of hoarding disorder | The British Journal of Psychiatry | Cambridge Core

  https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/the-british-journal-of-psychiatry/article/epidemiology-of-hoarding-disorder/341C3B0AAA82B8B24840702FB2E6F1D6

  This study provides, for the first time since its introduction to DSM-5, an estimate of the population prevalence for hoarding disorder. Our findings indicated an unweighted prevalence of 1.3% (95% CI 0.7-1.9), with weightings increasing this estimate to 1.5% (95% CI 0.7-2.2). […] The reported prevalence estimates may be an underestimate of the true prevalence of the disorder and further research is needed, particularly among individuals displaying poor insight into their difficulties.

• #7 Hoarding disorder in adults: Epidemiology, clinical features, assessment, and diagnosis – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hoarding-disorder-in-adults-epidemiology-clinical-features-assessment-and-diagnosis

  Hoarding disorder in adults: Epidemiology, clinical features, assessment, and diagnosis […] The epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, course, assessment, and diagnosis of hoarding disorder are described here. […] Community surveys, primarily in Europe and the United States, have estimated the point prevalence of clinically significant hoarding to be approximately 2 to 6 percent among adults and 2 percent among adolescents. A study in England that used strict DSM-5 criteria found a prevalence of 1.5 percent. A meta-analysis of 11 prevalence studies including at least 1000 participants estimated that the prevalence of hoarding disorder in adults is approximately 2.5 percent.

• #8 Hoarding disorder in adults: Epidemiology, clinical features, assessment, and diagnosis – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hoarding-disorder-in-adults-epidemiology-clinical-features-assessment-and-diagnosis/print

  Hoarding disorder in adults: Epidemiology, clinical features, assessment, and diagnosis […] The epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, course, assessment, and diagnosis of hoarding disorder are described here. […] Community surveys, primarily in Europe and the United States, have estimated the point prevalence of clinically significant hoarding to be approximately 2 to 6 percent among adults and 2 percent among adolescents. […] A meta-analysis of 11 prevalence studies including at least 1000 participants estimated that the prevalence of hoarding disorder in adults is approximately 2.5 percent.

• #9 The Epidemiology of the Proposed DSM-5 Hoarding Disorder: Exploration of the Acquisition Specifier, Associated Features, and Distress [CME]

  https://www.psychiatrist.com/jcp/epidemiology-proposed-ltemgtdsm-ltemgt-hoarding-disorder/

  Compulsive hoarding, characterized by the acquisition of and failure to discard a large number of possessions, is increasingly recognized as a significant public health burden. […] The present investigation examined the point prevalence of hoarding disorder in a nationally representative sample from the German population (N = 2,512). […] Analyses revealed a current population estimate of 5.8%. […] Hoarding prevalence did not differ between men and women. […] The current investigation identified the proposed hoarding disorder as a highly prevalent syndrome; however, it should be noted that we were not able to fully ascertain the DSM-5 criteria and that the current estimate may be higher than the actual population rate. Future research on the diagnostic criteria and associated features will be necessary to help clarify etiologic underpinnings, treatment efforts, and diagnostic nosology.

• #10 SciELO Brazil – Prevalence of hoarding disorder among primary care patients Prevalence of hoarding disorder among primary care patients

  https://www.scielo.br/j/rbp/a/bWjCfBs5wQpQXtnmbhfZwfC/

  Objectives: Despite the inclusion of hoarding disorder (HD) in the DSM-5, there is little epidemiological data on hoarding from low and middle-income countries. This study, the first from India, examines the prevalence and correlates of HD among primary care patients in the state of Kerala, India. […] The prevalence of HD was 1.02% (95%CI 0.8-1.3). […] Although HD is not uncommon in India, this disorder is rarely reported in specialty settings in India, which suggests that awareness and detection should be improved, considering the co-occurring negative correlates and disability among affected individuals. […] Hoarding symptoms are widely prevalent, with three epidemiological studies reporting rates between 2 and 14%. […] Community-level data is also essential to improve awareness and help plan public health services and policies to care for people with HD.

• #11 Prevalence of hoarding disorder among primary care patients | Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.);43(2): 168-173, Mar.-Apr. 2021. tab | LILACS

  https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/portal/resource/framp/biblio-1285539

  ABSTRACT […] Despite the inclusion of hoarding disorder (HD) in the DSM-5, there is little epidemiological data on hoarding from low and middle-income countries. This study, the first from India, examines the prevalence and correlates of HD among primary care patients in the state of Kerala, India. […] The prevalence of HD was 1.02% (95%CI 0.8-1.3). […] Although HD is not uncommon in India, this disorder is rarely reported in specialty settings in India, which suggests that awareness and detection should be improved, considering the co-occurring negative correlates and disability among affected individuals.

• #12 Prevalence of Hoarding Disorder in a Nonclinical Sample – Caspian Journal of Neurological Sciences

  https://cjns.gums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_id=641&sid=1&slc_lang=en&html=1

  Hoarding disorder is observed in 3.2% of individuals accompanying patients visiting the hospitals. […] The prevalence of hoarding disorder has no association with demographic characteristics. […] The prevalence of HD in the general population was estimated from 1.5% to 6%. […] However, in Iran, in a sample of university students, the prevalence of hoarding symptoms was reported to be higher, about 16%. […] According to the results, only 3.2% of participants suffered from HD, and 3.2% of females and 3.1% of males had this disease. […] The prevalence of HD based on demographic features had no significant difference.

• #13 Psychiatry.org – Hoarding Disorder

  https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/hoarding-disorder

  People with hoarding disorder have persistent difficulty getting rid of or parting with possessions due to a perceived need to save the items. Attempts to part with possessions create considerable distress and lead to decisions to save them. The resulting clutter disrupts the ability to use living spaces (American Psychiatric Association, 2022). […] The overall prevalence of hoarding disorder is approximately 2.6%, with higher rates for people over 60 years old and people with other psychiatric diagnoses, especially anxiety and depression. The prevalence and features of hoarding appear to be similar across countries and cultures. The bulk of evidence suggests that hoarding occurs with equal frequency in men and women. Hoarding behavior begins relatively early in life and increases in severity with each decade.

• #14 Hoarding Throughout the Life Span

  https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/hoarding-throughout-life-span

  Hoarding disorder (HD) is a behavioral syndrome that is defined in DSM-5 as persistent difficulty in discarding items, regardless of their actual value. This difficulty in discarding is due to a perceived need to save that is accompanied by distress associated with discarding. Over time, the progressive accumulation of clutter in living or work areas results in functional impairment and reduced quality of life, including associated health and safety risks. […] HD is most prevalent in adults over age 50, although hoarding behaviors have been documented in individuals of all ages. […] Retrospective studies suggest that the overall prevalence of HD in adults is between 2% and 6%, and the age of onset of hoarding symptoms for persons who meet DSM-5 criteria for HD is typically between age 11 and 15.

• #15 Psychiatry.org – Hoarding Disorder

  https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/hoarding-disorder

  People with hoarding disorder have persistent difficulty getting rid of or parting with possessions due to a perceived need to save the items. Attempts to part with possessions create considerable distress and lead to decisions to save them. The resulting clutter disrupts the ability to use living spaces (American Psychiatric Association, 2022). […] The overall prevalence of hoarding disorder is approximately 2.6%, with higher rates for people over 60 years old and people with other psychiatric diagnoses, especially anxiety and depression. The prevalence and features of hoarding appear to be similar across countries and cultures. The bulk of evidence suggests that hoarding occurs with equal frequency in men and women. Hoarding behavior begins relatively early in life and increases in severity with each decade.

• #16 Hoarding Throughout the Life Span

  https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/hoarding-throughout-life-span

  The rate of HD in adults rises with increasing age, from 1% to 2% at age 20 to over 7% among individuals aged 70 and older. […] Individuals with HD typically experience significant impairment in several aspects of daily functioning, including psychosocial, occupational, and family domains. […] HD is associated with high levels of medical disability and work impairment (exceeding that for individuals with anxiety, mood, and substance abuse disorders), even after controlling for age and additional co-occurring psychiatric symptoms such as anxiety and depression. […] Despite being highly prevalent, particularly among older adults, HD is still underrecognized and inadequately treated in many, if not most, affected individuals. HD has a substantial impact on individual and family well-being and represents a significant public health burden.

• #17 Understanding Hoarding Disorder | Mental Health Academy

  https://www.mentalhealthacademy.com.au/blog/post/understanding-hoarding-disorder

  For context, hoarding disorder is more common than eating disorders, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorders. It has been observed in all major inhabited continents and in many different countries and cultures. (Mathews, 2021). […] The age of onset is typically in the teenage years and the behaviours worsen over the lifespan, increasing to a prevalence of around 7% for those over 55; both sexes engage equally in it. […] This article was adapted from Mental Health Academy’s hoarding disorder training course, Helping Clients with Hoarding Disorder. In this 6-hour course, you’ll learn the epidemiology, aetiology, and neurobiology of hoarding disorder; how and why hoarding impacts individuals and communities; the co-morbidities of those who hoard; and how to assess and treat hoarding disorder.

• #18 Hoarding disorder – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoarding_disorder

  The prevalence of hoarding disorder is estimated to be between 2 and 6 percent, although some surveys indicate the lifetime prevalence may be as high as 14%. […] First-degree relatives of those with hoarding disorder are significantly more likely to report hoarding symptoms, and hoarding likely comes about due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. […] Rates of hoarding increase significantly with age, and people over the age of 54 are three times as likely to meet criteria for hoarding disorder. […] However, hoarding symptoms typically manifest in early childhood, and worsen to the point of becoming clinically significant during middle age. […] Over half of hoarders report the onset of hoarding as being associated with a traumatic life event, and in this portion of hoarders, the age of onset is much higher.

• #19 Module 9: Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders – Fundamentals of Psychological Disorders

  https://opentext.wsu.edu/abnormal-psych/chapter/module-9-obsessive-compulsive-and-related-disorders/

  9.2.3. Hoarding Disorder […] While national studies on the prevalence rate of hoarding within the U.S. and internationally are not available, community surveys estimate clinically significant hoarding as occurring in 1.5% to 6.0% of the population (APA, 2022; Gilliam & Tolin, 2010). Clinical samples are more highly represented by females than males and older individuals (over the age of 65 years) are three times more likely to be diagnosed with hoarding disorder than younger adults. […] […] […] Hoarding disorder is characterized by accumulating items without discarding possessions, regardless of their value or sentiment. […] […] […] Individuals with hoarding disorder display indecisiveness, avoidance, procrastination, perfectionism, difficulty planning and organizing tasks, and are easily distractible.

• #20 Prevalence and correlates of hoarding behavior and hoarding disorder in children and adolescents | AVESÄ°S

  https://avesis.ktu.edu.tr/yayin/3fb724d9-817b-43e9-b387-a2f420fec38f/prevalence-and-correlates-of-hoarding-behavior-and-hoarding-disorder-in-children-and-adolescents

  Prevalence and correlates of hoarding behavior and hoarding disorder in children and adolescents […] Although hoarding symptoms are reported to begin in childhood and adolescence, the true prevalence of the disorder in this age group is unknown. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of hoarding disorder (HD) in children and adolescents. The present study was planned as a two-stage epidemiological research. […] The DSM-5-based HD interview and the Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA) diagnostic tool were used to detect prevalence of HD and comorbid psychiatric disorders. […] The estimated prevalence of HD was 0.98% (95% CI 0.7-1.4). […] After a logistic regression analysis, variables such as female sex and the presence of any psychopathology were identified as independent correlates of HD.

• #21 Prevalence of Hoarding Disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31200169/

  Currently there is uncertainty concerning the prevalence of Hoarding Disorder (HD) due to methodological issues in the evidence base. Estimates have widely ranged from between 1.5% and 6% of the general population. This systematic review and meta-analysis therefore aimed to summarise and reliably estimate the prevalence of HD by employing strict inclusion criteria and using studies with sufficiently large samples. A random effects meta-analysis was then conducted, with subgroup moderator analysis and meta-regression. The pooled estimated prevalence for HD was 2.5% (CI 1.7-3.6%) and subgroup analyses revealed that prevalence rates were similar for both males and females. […] Guidance on the manner in which HD is assessed in future prevalence studies is provided and the clinical implications of the results discussed.

• #22 Psychiatry.org – Hoarding Disorder

  https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/hoarding-disorder

  People with hoarding disorder have persistent difficulty getting rid of or parting with possessions due to a perceived need to save the items. Attempts to part with possessions create considerable distress and lead to decisions to save them. The resulting clutter disrupts the ability to use living spaces (American Psychiatric Association, 2022). […] The overall prevalence of hoarding disorder is approximately 2.6%, with higher rates for people over 60 years old and people with other psychiatric diagnoses, especially anxiety and depression. The prevalence and features of hoarding appear to be similar across countries and cultures. The bulk of evidence suggests that hoarding occurs with equal frequency in men and women. Hoarding behavior begins relatively early in life and increases in severity with each decade.

• #23 Understanding Hoarding Disorder | Mental Health Academy

  https://www.mentalhealthacademy.com.au/blog/post/understanding-hoarding-disorder

  For context, hoarding disorder is more common than eating disorders, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorders. It has been observed in all major inhabited continents and in many different countries and cultures. (Mathews, 2021). […] The age of onset is typically in the teenage years and the behaviours worsen over the lifespan, increasing to a prevalence of around 7% for those over 55; both sexes engage equally in it. […] This article was adapted from Mental Health Academy’s hoarding disorder training course, Helping Clients with Hoarding Disorder. In this 6-hour course, you’ll learn the epidemiology, aetiology, and neurobiology of hoarding disorder; how and why hoarding impacts individuals and communities; the co-morbidities of those who hoard; and how to assess and treat hoarding disorder.

• #24 Hoarding disorder – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoarding_disorder

  Epidemiological studies have found that hoarding is twice as common in males, although clinical studies on hoarding tend to be predominantly female, suggesting that male hoarders are a significantly understudied and under-treated population. […] Hoarding is a significant problem around the world and can pose a public health risk when hoarding escalates enough to damage the integrity of a structure or attract vermin.

• #25 Prevalence of Hoarding Disorder in a Nonclinical Sample – Caspian Journal of Neurological Sciences

  https://cjns.gums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_id=641&sid=1&slc_lang=en&html=1

  Hoarding disorder is observed in 3.2% of individuals accompanying patients visiting the hospitals. […] The prevalence of hoarding disorder has no association with demographic characteristics. […] The prevalence of HD in the general population was estimated from 1.5% to 6%. […] However, in Iran, in a sample of university students, the prevalence of hoarding symptoms was reported to be higher, about 16%. […] According to the results, only 3.2% of participants suffered from HD, and 3.2% of females and 3.1% of males had this disease. […] The prevalence of HD based on demographic features had no significant difference.

• #26 Prevalence, Comorbidity and Heritability of Hoarding Symptoms in Adolescence: A Population Based Twin Study in 15-Year Olds | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0069140

  Hoarding Disorder (HD) is often assumed to be an old age problem, but many individuals diagnosed with HD retrospectively report first experiencing symptoms in childhood or adolescence. We examined the prevalence, comorbidity and etiology of hoarding symptoms in adolescence. […] The prevalence of clinically significant hoarding symptoms was 2% (95% CI 1.6-2.5%), with a significantly higher prevalence in girls than boys. Exclusion of the clutter criterion (as adolescents do not have control over their environment) increased the prevalence rate to 3.7% (95% CI 3.1-4.3%). […] Hoarding symptoms are relatively prevalent in adolescents, particularly in girls, and cause distress and/or impairment. Hoarding was rarely associated with other common neurodevelopmental disorders, supporting its DSM-5 status as an independent diagnosis.

• #27 Psychiatry.org – Hoarding Disorder

  https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/hoarding-disorder

  Hoarding disorder, which became a new diagnostic entry in the DSM-5 in 2013, affects about 2-3 percent of the population. […] Hoarding is more common in older age groups than younger age groups. […] Yes, hoarding disorder is more common among people who have a family member who has hoarding disorder. The cause of hoarding disorder remains unknown. Genetics is likely only one part of why hoarding disorder affects a particular individual; environment and traumatic life events play a role as well. […] Hoarding disorder can be treated, and there is hope for returning to a normal life. Typically, individuals will continue to face challenges throughout their lives; staying in treatment may decrease chances that hoarding symptoms and clutter will return.

• #28 Hoarding Disorder: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17682-hoarding-disorder

  Approximately 2% to 6% of people in the United States have hoarding disorder. […] Hoarding disorder often begins during adolescence and gradually worsens with age, causing significant issues by the mid-30s. […] Hoarding disorder is more likely to affect people over 60 years old and people with other mental health conditions, especially anxiety and depression. […] Researchers have identified other risk factors associated with hoarding disorder that may make it more likely that you’ll develop the condition, including having a relative with hoarding disorder. […] To diagnose hoarding disorder, your healthcare provider will ask about your collecting and saving habits. […] The prognosis (outlook) for hoarding disorder is often poor. […] Serious hoarding can lead to fire hazards, tripping hazards and health code violations. […] Hoarding disorder can also cause problems in relationships and social and work activities.

• #29 Hoarding disorder – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoarding_disorder

  The prevalence of hoarding disorder is estimated to be between 2 and 6 percent, although some surveys indicate the lifetime prevalence may be as high as 14%. […] First-degree relatives of those with hoarding disorder are significantly more likely to report hoarding symptoms, and hoarding likely comes about due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. […] Rates of hoarding increase significantly with age, and people over the age of 54 are three times as likely to meet criteria for hoarding disorder. […] However, hoarding symptoms typically manifest in early childhood, and worsen to the point of becoming clinically significant during middle age. […] Over half of hoarders report the onset of hoarding as being associated with a traumatic life event, and in this portion of hoarders, the age of onset is much higher.

• #30 Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of hoarding symptoms in 27,651 individuals | Translational Psychiatry

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41398-022-02248-7

  In adults, heritability estimates range from 26 to 49%; the remaining variance was due to unique environmental factors and measurement error, whilst shared environmental factors appear to play a negligible role. […] Larger samples are needed to increase power to detect significant genetic effects. […] The current study aimed to conduct a GWAS meta-analysis of several large international cohorts from Sweden, the Netherlands, England, and Canada that included parent- or self-report hoarding scale data. […] We followed up the results with gene-based and gene-set analyses, as well as leave-one-out hoarding symptom polygenic risk score (PRS) analyses and cross-trait PRS analyses to examine a possible genetic association between other phenotypes and HS. […] Cross-trait PRS analyses showed that the genetic risk for schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder were significantly associated with hoarding symptoms. […] To conclude, we found that HS are heritable, confirming and extending previous twin studies but we had limited power to detect any genome-wide significant loci. Much larger samples will be needed to further extend these findings and reach a gene discovery zone.

• #31 Prevalence, Comorbidity and Heritability of Hoarding Symptoms in Adolescence: A Population Based Twin Study in 15-Year Olds | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0069140

  Research into the etiology of HD is still in its infancy. Uncontrolled clinical studies suggest that hoarding runs in families, and twin studies indicate that approximately 50% of the liability to hoarding symptoms can be attributed to genetic factors whereas unique (or non-shared) environmental factors explain the remaining variance. […] The first aim of this study was to elucidate prevalence and comorbidity of hoarding symptoms in a large twin sample of adolescents. The second aim was to estimate the relative contributions of genetic and environmental factors to hoarding symptoms and to test whether sex-differences in heritability patterns exist in this age group. […] The obtained prevalence estimate of hoarding symptoms also indicates that these are at least as common as OCD during adolescence, a finding that contradicts the notion that hoarding is merely a subtype of OCD. […] Finally, the twin analyses indicated that hoarding symptoms were moderately heritable in adolescence, although the magnitude of the genetic influence was much stronger in boys than in girls.

• #32 Hoarding disorder – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoarding_disorder

  The prevalence of hoarding disorder is estimated to be between 2 and 6 percent, although some surveys indicate the lifetime prevalence may be as high as 14%. […] First-degree relatives of those with hoarding disorder are significantly more likely to report hoarding symptoms, and hoarding likely comes about due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. […] Rates of hoarding increase significantly with age, and people over the age of 54 are three times as likely to meet criteria for hoarding disorder. […] However, hoarding symptoms typically manifest in early childhood, and worsen to the point of becoming clinically significant during middle age. […] Over half of hoarders report the onset of hoarding as being associated with a traumatic life event, and in this portion of hoarders, the age of onset is much higher.

• #33 Hoarding: What to know about this mental health disorder – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/mind-and-mood/hoarding-what-to-know-about-this-mental-health-disorder

  Hoarding disorder affects approximately 2% to 6% of the adult population, and occurs evenly in men and women. […] Hoarding occurs three times as often in older adults as in the general population. […] More than 60% of people with clinically significant hoarding also have another psychiatric disorder. […] In 2013, the American Psychiatric Association (APA) recognized hoarding as a disorder under the umbrella of obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders. […] Stressful life events can intensify symptoms of hoarding.

• #34 What Is Hoarding or Hoarding Disorder?

  https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/hoarding-and-hoarding-disorder

  Compared to people who dont hoard, researchers have found that those with hoarding disorder are more likely to have past traumatic experiences, especially in childhood. […] Around 3 out of 4 people with hoarding disorder have another mental health condition. […] Hoarding disorder can harm many areas of your life. […] Many people with hoarding disorder dont go to the doctor because theyre worried about their hoarding behavior. […] Treatment for hoarding disorder may include cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). […] Theres no cure, but treatment can help you get a handle on your hoarding. […] Hoarding disorder is considered a chronic mental health condition. It is listed in the DSM-5 (the most recent version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, a guide for mental health providers).

• #35 How Common Is Hoarding Disorder?logo-32logo-40logo-60NEJM Journal WatchnejmJW_1L_RGB-b

  https://www.jwatch.org/na32776/2013/11/12/how-common-hoarding-disorder

  This new DSM-5 diagnosis is not rare, and hoarders are older, poorer, unpartnered, and less healthy and have more mental-health comorbidities. […] To determine its prevalence, researchers used a population-based health survey of 1698 London residents (age range, 16–90) and in-home interviews of 99 of 201 subjects screening positive on a single question about hoarding. […] After in-home interviews and environment ratings, only 19% of respondents with positive screens met criteria for hoarding, giving a prevalence of 1.5%. […] Hoarders were more likely to be older, poorer, and without a partner and to have a physical health condition and comorbid mental disorder. […] Hoarding disorder is as common as obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar illness, and autism; often adversely affects family and caretakers; and yet has been infrequently investigated.

• #36 Hoarding Disorder – Neuropedia

  https://neuropedia.net/articles/psychiatry/obsessive-compulsive/hoarding-disorder/

  Hoarding Disorder is a newly-added disease in The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (2013), categorized under obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, and characterized by disorganization and the persistent inability to discard possessions regardless of their actual value. (6) […] The overall prevalence of HD is estimated to be around 2%, with the elderly being at higher risk such that prevalence among individuals over 70 years reaches up to 6%. Among the elderly, hoarding severity could be slightly higher in men than in women (7). However, prevalence rates are similar across genders (8). […] It is noted that HD is more common among people who live alone, and those who are not married nor in a relationship (9). A transcultural study revealed that hoarding disorder presents with similar phenomenology across the United Kingdom, Spain, Japan, and Brazil (10).

• #37 SciELO Brazil – Prevalence of hoarding disorder among primary care patients Prevalence of hoarding disorder among primary care patients

  https://www.scielo.br/j/rbp/a/bWjCfBs5wQpQXtnmbhfZwfC/

  Our study is the first from India and possibly from any low- or middle-income country to report on HD and its correlates using specific assessment instruments in a primary care setting. […] The prevalence of HD was 1.02% (n=69; 95% confidence interval (95%CI) 0.8-1.3). […] Participants with HD had a higher odds of reporting chronic medical illness, depression, anxiety disorder, alcohol abuse, and tobacco dependence. […] In our study, individuals with HD were older, which is consistent with the findings of previous epidemiological studies. […] In our study, a significant number of people with HD lived alone or in institutions. […] Our finding that more people with HD were living alone may have been a result of a high degree of rejection due to their hoarding behavior. […] This study suggests that the HD is not uncommon in India. […] Underdiagnosis of hoarding may have crucial public health implications.

• #38 Hoarding Disorder | Abnormal Psychology

  https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wm-abnormalpsych/chapter/hoarding-disorder/

  Compulsive hoarding affects about 2%-5% of the population. […] Hoarding behaviors usually start at a subclinical level in early adolescence and worsens with each decade so that it affects around 6% of those above age 70. […] Other psychiatric disorders often co-occur with HD. The most frequent comorbidity is a major depression, which can be present in up to 50% of the cases. […] In a study of 742 participants, the prevalence of hoarding was nearly 4% and was greater in older than younger age groups, greater in men than women (though generally, both are affected at an almost equal rate), and inversely related to household income.

• #39 Hoarding Disorder – Understanding Psychological Disorders

  https://openbooks.library.baylor.edu/understandingpsychdisorders/chapter/hoarding-disorder/

  Hoarding disorder affects about 2%-5% of the population. […] Hoarding behaviors usually start at a subclinical level in early adolescence and worsens with each decade so that it affects around 6% of those above age 70. […] Other psychiatric disorders often co-occur with HD. The most frequent comorbidity is a major depression, which can be present in up to 50% of the cases. […] In a study of 742 participants, the prevalence of hoarding was nearly 4% and was greater in older than younger age groups, greater in men than women, and inversely related to household income.

• #40 Hoarding Disorder: Types, Symptoms, Causes, & Treatments

  https://laopcenter.com/mental-health/disorder/hoarding/

  Hoarding disorder is common in about 0.98% (95% CI 0.71.4) of children, with a female-to-male ratio of 3:1, according to Aknc MA et al. s 2022 study, Prevalence and Correlates of Hoarding Behavior and Hoarding Disorder in Children and Adolescents, published in the Journal of European Child Adolescence Psychiatry. […] A meta-analysis of 11 studies (n = 53,378 participants) reported a 2.5% prevalence (95% CI 1.73.6%) in developed countries, with no significant gender differences, according to Postlethwaite A. et al. 2019 study titled Prevalence of Hoarding Disorder published in the Journal of Affective Disorder. […] About 58% of adults with HD have comorbid mental disorders (e.g., depression, anxiety), according to Nordsletten AE et al. 2013 study titled Epidemiology of Hoarding Disorder, published in the British Journal of Psychiatry.

• #41 Hoarding: What to know about this mental health disorder – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/mind-and-mood/hoarding-what-to-know-about-this-mental-health-disorder

  Hoarding disorder affects approximately 2% to 6% of the adult population, and occurs evenly in men and women. […] Hoarding occurs three times as often in older adults as in the general population. […] More than 60% of people with clinically significant hoarding also have another psychiatric disorder. […] In 2013, the American Psychiatric Association (APA) recognized hoarding as a disorder under the umbrella of obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders. […] Stressful life events can intensify symptoms of hoarding.

• #42 Hoarding Disorder | Abnormal Psychology

  https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wm-abnormalpsych/chapter/hoarding-disorder/

  Compulsive hoarding affects about 2%-5% of the population. […] Hoarding behaviors usually start at a subclinical level in early adolescence and worsens with each decade so that it affects around 6% of those above age 70. […] Other psychiatric disorders often co-occur with HD. The most frequent comorbidity is a major depression, which can be present in up to 50% of the cases. […] In a study of 742 participants, the prevalence of hoarding was nearly 4% and was greater in older than younger age groups, greater in men than women (though generally, both are affected at an almost equal rate), and inversely related to household income.

• #43 Hoarding Disorder – Understanding Psychological Disorders

  https://openbooks.library.baylor.edu/understandingpsychdisorders/chapter/hoarding-disorder/

  Hoarding disorder affects about 2%-5% of the population. […] Hoarding behaviors usually start at a subclinical level in early adolescence and worsens with each decade so that it affects around 6% of those above age 70. […] Other psychiatric disorders often co-occur with HD. The most frequent comorbidity is a major depression, which can be present in up to 50% of the cases. […] In a study of 742 participants, the prevalence of hoarding was nearly 4% and was greater in older than younger age groups, greater in men than women, and inversely related to household income.

• #44 SciELO Brazil – Prevalence of hoarding disorder among primary care patients Prevalence of hoarding disorder among primary care patients

  https://www.scielo.br/j/rbp/a/bWjCfBs5wQpQXtnmbhfZwfC/

  Our study is the first from India and possibly from any low- or middle-income country to report on HD and its correlates using specific assessment instruments in a primary care setting. […] The prevalence of HD was 1.02% (n=69; 95% confidence interval (95%CI) 0.8-1.3). […] Participants with HD had a higher odds of reporting chronic medical illness, depression, anxiety disorder, alcohol abuse, and tobacco dependence. […] In our study, individuals with HD were older, which is consistent with the findings of previous epidemiological studies. […] In our study, a significant number of people with HD lived alone or in institutions. […] Our finding that more people with HD were living alone may have been a result of a high degree of rejection due to their hoarding behavior. […] This study suggests that the HD is not uncommon in India. […] Underdiagnosis of hoarding may have crucial public health implications.

• #45 Prevalence and correlates of hoarding behavior and hoarding disorder in children and adolescents | AVESÄ°S

  https://avesis.ktu.edu.tr/yayin/3fb724d9-817b-43e9-b387-a2f420fec38f/prevalence-and-correlates-of-hoarding-behavior-and-hoarding-disorder-in-children-and-adolescents

  More than half (56.2%) of the children diagnosed as having HD also had a comorbid psychiatric disorder. […] In the present study, the two-stage evaluation method was used in a large pediatric sample to determine the estimated prevalence of HD, as well as the factors associated with the disorder and comorbid psychiatric disorders.

• #46 How Common Is Hoarding Disorder?logo-32logo-40logo-60NEJM Journal WatchnejmJW_1L_RGB-b

  https://www.jwatch.org/na32776/2013/11/12/how-common-hoarding-disorder

  This new DSM-5 diagnosis is not rare, and hoarders are older, poorer, unpartnered, and less healthy and have more mental-health comorbidities. […] To determine its prevalence, researchers used a population-based health survey of 1698 London residents (age range, 16–90) and in-home interviews of 99 of 201 subjects screening positive on a single question about hoarding. […] After in-home interviews and environment ratings, only 19% of respondents with positive screens met criteria for hoarding, giving a prevalence of 1.5%. […] Hoarders were more likely to be older, poorer, and without a partner and to have a physical health condition and comorbid mental disorder. […] Hoarding disorder is as common as obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar illness, and autism; often adversely affects family and caretakers; and yet has been infrequently investigated.

• #47 Understanding Hoarding Disorder | Mental Health Academy

  https://www.mentalhealthacademy.com.au/blog/post/understanding-hoarding-disorder

  Hoarding disorder affects 2.5% of the population. This article – the first of a 3-part series – explores what hoarding disorder is, including its prevalence and aetiology. […] Hoarding disorder affects 2.5% of the population and arises from a combination of factors, such as emotional dysregulation, information-processing deficits, unhelpful beliefs, and behavioural avoidance. […] According to the American Psychiatric Association (2013), hoarders are more numerous than those suffering from almost any other psychological disorder of adulthood, with hoarding disorder affecting 1 out of every 25 to 50 adults. Pooled prevalence estimates in over 50,000 participants suggest an estimate of around 2.5%. The prevalence is lowest among teenagers and highest among adults over 55, where the prevalence is nearly 7% (Mathews, 2021).

• #48 Hoarding Throughout the Life Span

  https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/hoarding-throughout-life-span

  The rate of HD in adults rises with increasing age, from 1% to 2% at age 20 to over 7% among individuals aged 70 and older. […] Individuals with HD typically experience significant impairment in several aspects of daily functioning, including psychosocial, occupational, and family domains. […] HD is associated with high levels of medical disability and work impairment (exceeding that for individuals with anxiety, mood, and substance abuse disorders), even after controlling for age and additional co-occurring psychiatric symptoms such as anxiety and depression. […] Despite being highly prevalent, particularly among older adults, HD is still underrecognized and inadequately treated in many, if not most, affected individuals. HD has a substantial impact on individual and family well-being and represents a significant public health burden.

• #49 Hoarding Throughout the Life Span

  https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/hoarding-throughout-life-span

  The rate of HD in adults rises with increasing age, from 1% to 2% at age 20 to over 7% among individuals aged 70 and older. […] Individuals with HD typically experience significant impairment in several aspects of daily functioning, including psychosocial, occupational, and family domains. […] HD is associated with high levels of medical disability and work impairment (exceeding that for individuals with anxiety, mood, and substance abuse disorders), even after controlling for age and additional co-occurring psychiatric symptoms such as anxiety and depression. […] Despite being highly prevalent, particularly among older adults, HD is still underrecognized and inadequately treated in many, if not most, affected individuals. HD has a substantial impact on individual and family well-being and represents a significant public health burden.

• #50 Hoarding disorder – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoarding_disorder

  Epidemiological studies have found that hoarding is twice as common in males, although clinical studies on hoarding tend to be predominantly female, suggesting that male hoarders are a significantly understudied and under-treated population. […] Hoarding is a significant problem around the world and can pose a public health risk when hoarding escalates enough to damage the integrity of a structure or attract vermin.

• #51 Hoarding Disorder: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17682-hoarding-disorder

  Approximately 2% to 6% of people in the United States have hoarding disorder. […] Hoarding disorder often begins during adolescence and gradually worsens with age, causing significant issues by the mid-30s. […] Hoarding disorder is more likely to affect people over 60 years old and people with other mental health conditions, especially anxiety and depression. […] Researchers have identified other risk factors associated with hoarding disorder that may make it more likely that you’ll develop the condition, including having a relative with hoarding disorder. […] To diagnose hoarding disorder, your healthcare provider will ask about your collecting and saving habits. […] The prognosis (outlook) for hoarding disorder is often poor. […] Serious hoarding can lead to fire hazards, tripping hazards and health code violations. […] Hoarding disorder can also cause problems in relationships and social and work activities.

• #52 SciELO Brazil – Prevalence of hoarding disorder among primary care patients Prevalence of hoarding disorder among primary care patients

  https://www.scielo.br/j/rbp/a/bWjCfBs5wQpQXtnmbhfZwfC/

  Our study is the first from India and possibly from any low- or middle-income country to report on HD and its correlates using specific assessment instruments in a primary care setting. […] The prevalence of HD was 1.02% (n=69; 95% confidence interval (95%CI) 0.8-1.3). […] Participants with HD had a higher odds of reporting chronic medical illness, depression, anxiety disorder, alcohol abuse, and tobacco dependence. […] In our study, individuals with HD were older, which is consistent with the findings of previous epidemiological studies. […] In our study, a significant number of people with HD lived alone or in institutions. […] Our finding that more people with HD were living alone may have been a result of a high degree of rejection due to their hoarding behavior. […] This study suggests that the HD is not uncommon in India. […] Underdiagnosis of hoarding may have crucial public health implications.

• #53 Hoarding Throughout the Life Span

  https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/hoarding-throughout-life-span

  The rate of HD in adults rises with increasing age, from 1% to 2% at age 20 to over 7% among individuals aged 70 and older. […] Individuals with HD typically experience significant impairment in several aspects of daily functioning, including psychosocial, occupational, and family domains. […] HD is associated with high levels of medical disability and work impairment (exceeding that for individuals with anxiety, mood, and substance abuse disorders), even after controlling for age and additional co-occurring psychiatric symptoms such as anxiety and depression. […] Despite being highly prevalent, particularly among older adults, HD is still underrecognized and inadequately treated in many, if not most, affected individuals. HD has a substantial impact on individual and family well-being and represents a significant public health burden.

• #54 Hoarding: What to know about this mental health disorder – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/mind-and-mood/hoarding-what-to-know-about-this-mental-health-disorder

  Hoarding disorder affects approximately 2% to 6% of the adult population, and occurs evenly in men and women. […] Hoarding occurs three times as often in older adults as in the general population. […] More than 60% of people with clinically significant hoarding also have another psychiatric disorder. […] In 2013, the American Psychiatric Association (APA) recognized hoarding as a disorder under the umbrella of obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders. […] Stressful life events can intensify symptoms of hoarding.

• #55 Psychiatry.org – Hoarding Disorder

  https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/hoarding-disorder

  Hoarding disorder, which became a new diagnostic entry in the DSM-5 in 2013, affects about 2-3 percent of the population. […] Hoarding is more common in older age groups than younger age groups. […] Yes, hoarding disorder is more common among people who have a family member who has hoarding disorder. The cause of hoarding disorder remains unknown. Genetics is likely only one part of why hoarding disorder affects a particular individual; environment and traumatic life events play a role as well. […] Hoarding disorder can be treated, and there is hope for returning to a normal life. Typically, individuals will continue to face challenges throughout their lives; staying in treatment may decrease chances that hoarding symptoms and clutter will return.

• #56 Hoarding disorder: symptoms, diagnosis and management

  https://elearninghub.rcpsych.ac.uk/products/Hoarding_disorder

  Hoarding disorder was introduced in DSM-5 in 2013 as a new diagnostic entity, separate from OCD. Hoarding disorder is included in ICD-11. […] This module covers the clinical presentation of hoarding disorder, as well as its epidemiology and aetiology.

• #57

  https://openjournals.ljmu.ac.uk/PHIJ/article/view/2859

  Hoarding Disorder (HD) is a mental health condition characterised by persistent difficulty discarding or parting with possessions, regardless of their actual value. […] The absence of a stand-alone diagnosis until 2013 for symptoms of hoarding means literature is limited and challenging to analyse and much remains unknown about the epidemiology Hoarding Disorder. […] Results identified people with Hoarding Disorder generally have lower quality of life due to increased numbers of medical comorbidities including physical and mental health conditions and that there is a strong correlation between Hoarding Disorder and depression and anxiety. […] Hoarding Disorder has a complex impact on public health, influencing not just mental and physical health but considering the wider impacts socially and financially.

• #58 Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of hoarding symptoms in 27,651 individuals | Translational Psychiatry

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41398-022-02248-7

  Hoarding Disorder (HD) is a mental disorder characterized by persistent difficulties discarding or parting with possessions, often resulting in cluttered living spaces, distress, and impairment. […] The prevalence of HD in the population is estimated to be approximately 1% to 2.5% for both men and women, but a much larger proportion of the population experience symptoms at various levels of severity, with estimates up to 6.7% and 9% in some studies. […] The etiology of HD is largely unknown, though likely to be multifactorial in nature and related to a complex interplay of genetic, neurobiological, and psychosocial factors. Family studies have consistently shown that HS run in families. […] Population-based twin studies have estimated the heritability of hoarding symptoms based on self-report questionnaires.

• #59 The Epidemiology of the Proposed DSM-5 Hoarding Disorder: Exploration of the Acquisition Specifier, Associated Features, and Distress [CME]

  https://www.psychiatrist.com/jcp/epidemiology-proposed-ltemgtdsm-ltemgt-hoarding-disorder/

  Compulsive hoarding, characterized by the acquisition of and failure to discard a large number of possessions, is increasingly recognized as a significant public health burden. […] The present investigation examined the point prevalence of hoarding disorder in a nationally representative sample from the German population (N = 2,512). […] Analyses revealed a current population estimate of 5.8%. […] Hoarding prevalence did not differ between men and women. […] The current investigation identified the proposed hoarding disorder as a highly prevalent syndrome; however, it should be noted that we were not able to fully ascertain the DSM-5 criteria and that the current estimate may be higher than the actual population rate. Future research on the diagnostic criteria and associated features will be necessary to help clarify etiologic underpinnings, treatment efforts, and diagnostic nosology.

• #60 Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of hoarding symptoms in 27,651 individuals | Translational Psychiatry

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41398-022-02248-7

  In adults, heritability estimates range from 26 to 49%; the remaining variance was due to unique environmental factors and measurement error, whilst shared environmental factors appear to play a negligible role. […] Larger samples are needed to increase power to detect significant genetic effects. […] The current study aimed to conduct a GWAS meta-analysis of several large international cohorts from Sweden, the Netherlands, England, and Canada that included parent- or self-report hoarding scale data. […] We followed up the results with gene-based and gene-set analyses, as well as leave-one-out hoarding symptom polygenic risk score (PRS) analyses and cross-trait PRS analyses to examine a possible genetic association between other phenotypes and HS. […] Cross-trait PRS analyses showed that the genetic risk for schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder were significantly associated with hoarding symptoms. […] To conclude, we found that HS are heritable, confirming and extending previous twin studies but we had limited power to detect any genome-wide significant loci. Much larger samples will be needed to further extend these findings and reach a gene discovery zone.

• #61 SciELO Brazil – Prevalence of hoarding disorder among primary care patients Prevalence of hoarding disorder among primary care patients

  https://www.scielo.br/j/rbp/a/bWjCfBs5wQpQXtnmbhfZwfC/

  Objectives: Despite the inclusion of hoarding disorder (HD) in the DSM-5, there is little epidemiological data on hoarding from low and middle-income countries. This study, the first from India, examines the prevalence and correlates of HD among primary care patients in the state of Kerala, India. […] The prevalence of HD was 1.02% (95%CI 0.8-1.3). […] Although HD is not uncommon in India, this disorder is rarely reported in specialty settings in India, which suggests that awareness and detection should be improved, considering the co-occurring negative correlates and disability among affected individuals. […] Hoarding symptoms are widely prevalent, with three epidemiological studies reporting rates between 2 and 14%. […] Community-level data is also essential to improve awareness and help plan public health services and policies to care for people with HD.

• #62 Hoarding Disorder

  https://www.jaypeedigital.com/abstractArticleContentBrowse/PJN/31822/JPJ/fullText

  Current estimates indicate that 14% of the population will engage in hoarding behaviors sometime in the life course. Point prevalence studies indicate that clinically significant compulsive hoarding occurs in 1.5-4.6% of the population comparable to other major psychiatric conditions, and greater than the prevalence of OCD (1.2%). The overall prevalence of hoarding disorder is approximately 2.6%, with higher rates for people over 60 years old and people with other psychiatric diagnoses, especially anxiety and depression. The prevalence and features of hoarding appear to be similar across countries and cultures. The bulk of evidence suggests that hoarding occurs with equal frequency in men and women. Hoarding behavior begins relatively early in life and increases in severity with each decade. […] Hoarding disorder has a symptom profile, neural correlates, and associated features that differ from OCD and other disorders. […] Early recognition, diagnosis, and treatment are crucial to improving outcomes.

• #63 Psychiatry.org – Hoarding Disorder

  https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/hoarding-disorder

  Hoarding disorder, which became a new diagnostic entry in the DSM-5 in 2013, affects about 2-3 percent of the population. […] Hoarding is more common in older age groups than younger age groups. […] Yes, hoarding disorder is more common among people who have a family member who has hoarding disorder. The cause of hoarding disorder remains unknown. Genetics is likely only one part of why hoarding disorder affects a particular individual; environment and traumatic life events play a role as well. […] Hoarding disorder can be treated, and there is hope for returning to a normal life. Typically, individuals will continue to face challenges throughout their lives; staying in treatment may decrease chances that hoarding symptoms and clutter will return.

• #64 Hoarding Disorder – Neuropedia

  https://neuropedia.net/articles/psychiatry/obsessive-compulsive/hoarding-disorder/

  Hoarding disorder is underreported, and that could be why it is unrecognized and undertreated (35). However, it is considered a treatment-resistant disease, and there are no professional guidelines for its management (29). […] A distinct entity of hoarding disorder is animal hoarding, in which the hoarder accumulates a large number of animals without being able to provide the minimum standards of sanitation, nutrition, and veterinary care (25). In addition, animal hoarders are associated with poorer insight and sanitary conditions compared to object hoarders (30). […] Epidemiology of hoarding disorder. Br J Psychiatry. 2013;203(6):44552.

• #65 Hoarding Disorder: Help for Hoarders – HelpGuide.org

  https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/anxiety/hoarding-disorder-help-for-hoarders

  Estimates suggest that up to 20 percent of people with hoarding disorder also suffer with OCD. However, people with OCD tend not to accumulate so many possessions that their homes become unmanageable. […] Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) can help treat hoarding disorder by changing the way you think and act. Working with the right therapist can help with decision-making, how you tackle clutter, and resisting urges to acquire more things.

• #66 Managing hoarding and squalor

  https://australianprescriber.tg.org.au/articles/managing-hoarding-and-squalor.html

  Hoarding disorder tends to begin early in life and has a chronic, progressive course. The prevalence is 1.55.8%. Insight is limited in about half of cases. Approximately half of all people with hoarding disorder are impaired by a current physical health condition. Estimates of comorbid mental illness, such as mood, anxiety or attention deficit hyperactivity disorders, range from 5685%. The burden on family members is high. […] The majority of people living in squalor also have a psychiatric disorder, yet only half have had contact with a mental health service in the preceding year. […] The epidemiology of hoarding disorder indicates that it is a significant mental health issue with various comorbidities affecting individuals and their families.

• #67 Anosognosia in hoarding disorder is predicted by alterations in cognitive and inhibitory control | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-25532-4

  Clinical literature has long emphasized manifestations of poor insight in HD, and insight impairment is coded as a diagnostic specifier for HD in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association (DSM-5) […] Attempts to assess the prevalence and degree of insight impairment in HD have yielded inconsistent results, likely reflecting the absence of a standardized assessment, variable samples of the HD patient population, and the inherent limitations of self-report. […] Studies using clinician interview or those asking family members or social service providers to rate the insight of individuals with hoarding behaviors have suggested rates of poor or absent insight from 55 to 85%. […] Neurocognitive testing studies in HD have suggested that executive dysfunction, including difficulties with response inhibition and set shifting, is characteristic of the disorder.

• #68 SciELO Brazil – Prevalence of hoarding disorder among primary care patients Prevalence of hoarding disorder among primary care patients

  https://www.scielo.br/j/rbp/a/bWjCfBs5wQpQXtnmbhfZwfC/

  Our study is the first from India and possibly from any low- or middle-income country to report on HD and its correlates using specific assessment instruments in a primary care setting. […] The prevalence of HD was 1.02% (n=69; 95% confidence interval (95%CI) 0.8-1.3). […] Participants with HD had a higher odds of reporting chronic medical illness, depression, anxiety disorder, alcohol abuse, and tobacco dependence. […] In our study, individuals with HD were older, which is consistent with the findings of previous epidemiological studies. […] In our study, a significant number of people with HD lived alone or in institutions. […] Our finding that more people with HD were living alone may have been a result of a high degree of rejection due to their hoarding behavior. […] This study suggests that the HD is not uncommon in India. […] Underdiagnosis of hoarding may have crucial public health implications.

• #69 How Common Is Hoarding Disorder?logo-32logo-40logo-60NEJM Journal WatchnejmJW_1L_RGB-b

  https://www.jwatch.org/na32776/2013/11/12/how-common-hoarding-disorder

  This new DSM-5 diagnosis is not rare, and hoarders are older, poorer, unpartnered, and less healthy and have more mental-health comorbidities. […] To determine its prevalence, researchers used a population-based health survey of 1698 London residents (age range, 16–90) and in-home interviews of 99 of 201 subjects screening positive on a single question about hoarding. […] After in-home interviews and environment ratings, only 19% of respondents with positive screens met criteria for hoarding, giving a prevalence of 1.5%. […] Hoarders were more likely to be older, poorer, and without a partner and to have a physical health condition and comorbid mental disorder. […] Hoarding disorder is as common as obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar illness, and autism; often adversely affects family and caretakers; and yet has been infrequently investigated.

• #70 How Common Is Hoarding Disorder?logo-32logo-40logo-60NEJM Journal WatchnejmJW_1L_RGB-b

  https://www.jwatch.org/na32776/2013/11/12/how-common-hoarding-disorder

  This new DSM-5 diagnosis is not rare, and hoarders are older, poorer, unpartnered, and less healthy and have more mental-health comorbidities. […] To determine its prevalence, researchers used a population-based health survey of 1698 London residents (age range, 16–90) and in-home interviews of 99 of 201 subjects screening positive on a single question about hoarding. […] After in-home interviews and environment ratings, only 19% of respondents with positive screens met criteria for hoarding, giving a prevalence of 1.5%. […] Hoarders were more likely to be older, poorer, and without a partner and to have a physical health condition and comorbid mental disorder. […] Hoarding disorder is as common as obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar illness, and autism; often adversely affects family and caretakers; and yet has been infrequently investigated.

• #71 Epidemiology of hoarding disorder | The British Journal of Psychiatry | Cambridge Core

  https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/the-british-journal-of-psychiatry/article/epidemiology-of-hoarding-disorder/341C3B0AAA82B8B24840702FB2E6F1D6

  Hoarding disorder is typified by persistent difficulties discarding possessions, resulting in significant clutter that obstructs the individual’s living environment and produces considerable functional impairment. The prevalence of hoarding disorder, as defined in DSM-5, is currently unknown. […] Despite advancements in the literature, much remains unknown about the basic epidemiology of hoarding disorder. Although such information is essential for mapping the health services required by this population, only a handful of studies have attempted to approach hoarding disorder from an epidemiological perspective. […] The current study sought to provide more accurate estimates of hoarding disorder and its associated characteristics and comorbidities in an ethnically diverse, representative, community sample.

• #72 Epidemiology of hoarding disorder – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24158881/

  Hoarding disorder is typified by persistent difficulties discarding possessions, resulting in significant clutter that obstructs the individual’s living environment and produces considerable functional impairment. The prevalence of hoarding disorder, as defined in DSM-5, is currently unknown. […] In total, 19 individuals met DSM-5 criteria for hoarding disorder at the time of interview, corresponding to a weighted prevalence of 1.5% (95% CI 0.7-2.2). […] With a lower-bound prevalence of approximately 1.5%, hoarding disorder presents as a condition that affects people of both genders and is associated with substantial adversity.

• #73 Hoarding disorder in adults: Epidemiology, clinical features, assessment, and diagnosis – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hoarding-disorder-in-adults-epidemiology-clinical-features-assessment-and-diagnosis

  Hoarding disorder in adults: Epidemiology, clinical features, assessment, and diagnosis […] The epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, course, assessment, and diagnosis of hoarding disorder are described here. […] Community surveys, primarily in Europe and the United States, have estimated the point prevalence of clinically significant hoarding to be approximately 2 to 6 percent among adults and 2 percent among adolescents. A study in England that used strict DSM-5 criteria found a prevalence of 1.5 percent. A meta-analysis of 11 prevalence studies including at least 1000 participants estimated that the prevalence of hoarding disorder in adults is approximately 2.5 percent.

• #74 Prevalence and correlates of hoarding behavior and hoarding disorder in children and adolescents | AVESÄ°S

  https://avesis.ktu.edu.tr/yayin/3fb724d9-817b-43e9-b387-a2f420fec38f/prevalence-and-correlates-of-hoarding-behavior-and-hoarding-disorder-in-children-and-adolescents

  More than half (56.2%) of the children diagnosed as having HD also had a comorbid psychiatric disorder. […] In the present study, the two-stage evaluation method was used in a large pediatric sample to determine the estimated prevalence of HD, as well as the factors associated with the disorder and comorbid psychiatric disorders.

• #75 Top Published Expert Doctors for Hoarding Disorder

  https://www.findexpertmd.com/d/Hoarding_Disorder

  223 top medical experts on Hoarding Disorder across 22 countries and 17 U.S. states, including 53 MDs (Physicians). This is based on an objective analysis of their Scientific Publications, Clinical Trials, Medicare, and NIH Grants. […] Clinical Trials ClinicalTrials.gov : at least 26 including 6 Active, 11 Completed, 5 Recruiting.

• #76

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00787-020-01527-2

  Hoarding disorder (HD) is hypothesized to originate in childhood/adolescence but little is known about the presentation of hoarding symptoms in youth and their natural history. […] Prevalence estimates indicate that HD affects approximately 2.5% of the working-age population with some evidence suggesting that it becomes more prevalent with increasing age. […] Recent community-based work has shown that hoarding symptoms indeed occur during childhood and adolescence, and may be fairly prevalent (estimates widely ranging from 2 to 9% of the population). […] However, investigations of hoarding symptoms in childhood and adolescence have been rare, and longitudinal investigations across the lifespan are lacking. […] Our results suggest that HD, as currently defined in DSM-5, might be far less common in young people than previously suggested by previous studies relying on self-report measures. […] Our study is the first prospective follow-up of youth who self-identified as having problematic hoarding behavior in adolescence.

• #77

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00787-020-01527-2

  Hoarding disorder (HD) is hypothesized to originate in childhood/adolescence but little is known about the presentation of hoarding symptoms in youth and their natural history. […] Prevalence estimates indicate that HD affects approximately 2.5% of the working-age population with some evidence suggesting that it becomes more prevalent with increasing age. […] Recent community-based work has shown that hoarding symptoms indeed occur during childhood and adolescence, and may be fairly prevalent (estimates widely ranging from 2 to 9% of the population). […] However, investigations of hoarding symptoms in childhood and adolescence have been rare, and longitudinal investigations across the lifespan are lacking. […] Our results suggest that HD, as currently defined in DSM-5, might be far less common in young people than previously suggested by previous studies relying on self-report measures. […] Our study is the first prospective follow-up of youth who self-identified as having problematic hoarding behavior in adolescence.

• #78 Epidemiology of hoarding disorder | The British Journal of Psychiatry | Cambridge Core

  https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/the-british-journal-of-psychiatry/article/epidemiology-of-hoarding-disorder/341C3B0AAA82B8B24840702FB2E6F1D6

  This study provides, for the first time since its introduction to DSM-5, an estimate of the population prevalence for hoarding disorder. Our findings indicated an unweighted prevalence of 1.3% (95% CI 0.7-1.9), with weightings increasing this estimate to 1.5% (95% CI 0.7-2.2). […] The reported prevalence estimates may be an underestimate of the true prevalence of the disorder and further research is needed, particularly among individuals displaying poor insight into their difficulties.

• #79 Anosognosia in hoarding disorder is predicted by alterations in cognitive and inhibitory control | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-25532-4

  Insight impairment contributes significantly to morbidity in psychiatric disorders. […] We explored anosognosia as an aspect of insight impairment in n=71 individuals with DSM-5 hoarding disorder. […] We found that individuals with hoarding disorder underreport their clutter, and that underreporting is predicted by objective severity of clutter. […] The relation of underreporting to objective clutter, the cardinal symptom of hoarding disorder, suggests that anosognosia may reflect core pathophysiology of the disorder. […] The neurocognitive predictors of clutter underreporting suggest that anosognosia in hoarding disorder shares a neural basis with metacognitive awareness deficits in other neuropsychiatric disorders and that executive anosognosia may be a transdiagnostic manifestation of psychopathology.

• #80 Anosognosia in hoarding disorder is predicted by alterations in cognitive and inhibitory control | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-25532-4

  Clinical literature has long emphasized manifestations of poor insight in HD, and insight impairment is coded as a diagnostic specifier for HD in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association (DSM-5) […] Attempts to assess the prevalence and degree of insight impairment in HD have yielded inconsistent results, likely reflecting the absence of a standardized assessment, variable samples of the HD patient population, and the inherent limitations of self-report. […] Studies using clinician interview or those asking family members or social service providers to rate the insight of individuals with hoarding behaviors have suggested rates of poor or absent insight from 55 to 85%. […] Neurocognitive testing studies in HD have suggested that executive dysfunction, including difficulties with response inhibition and set shifting, is characteristic of the disorder.

• #81 Anosognosia in hoarding disorder is predicted by alterations in cognitive and inhibitory control | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-25532-4

  Clinical literature has long emphasized manifestations of poor insight in HD, and insight impairment is coded as a diagnostic specifier for HD in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association (DSM-5) […] Attempts to assess the prevalence and degree of insight impairment in HD have yielded inconsistent results, likely reflecting the absence of a standardized assessment, variable samples of the HD patient population, and the inherent limitations of self-report. […] Studies using clinician interview or those asking family members or social service providers to rate the insight of individuals with hoarding behaviors have suggested rates of poor or absent insight from 55 to 85%. […] Neurocognitive testing studies in HD have suggested that executive dysfunction, including difficulties with response inhibition and set shifting, is characteristic of the disorder.

• #82 Anosognosia in hoarding disorder is predicted by alterations in cognitive and inhibitory control | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-25532-4

  Clinical literature has long emphasized manifestations of poor insight in HD, and insight impairment is coded as a diagnostic specifier for HD in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association (DSM-5) […] Attempts to assess the prevalence and degree of insight impairment in HD have yielded inconsistent results, likely reflecting the absence of a standardized assessment, variable samples of the HD patient population, and the inherent limitations of self-report. […] Studies using clinician interview or those asking family members or social service providers to rate the insight of individuals with hoarding behaviors have suggested rates of poor or absent insight from 55 to 85%. […] Neurocognitive testing studies in HD have suggested that executive dysfunction, including difficulties with response inhibition and set shifting, is characteristic of the disorder.

• #83 Hoarding Disorder – Neuropedia

  https://neuropedia.net/articles/psychiatry/obsessive-compulsive/hoarding-disorder/

  Hoarding disorder is underreported, and that could be why it is unrecognized and undertreated (35). However, it is considered a treatment-resistant disease, and there are no professional guidelines for its management (29). […] A distinct entity of hoarding disorder is animal hoarding, in which the hoarder accumulates a large number of animals without being able to provide the minimum standards of sanitation, nutrition, and veterinary care (25). In addition, animal hoarders are associated with poorer insight and sanitary conditions compared to object hoarders (30). […] Epidemiology of hoarding disorder. Br J Psychiatry. 2013;203(6):44552.

• #84 SciELO Brazil – Prevalence of hoarding disorder among primary care patients Prevalence of hoarding disorder among primary care patients

  https://www.scielo.br/j/rbp/a/bWjCfBs5wQpQXtnmbhfZwfC/

  Objectives: Despite the inclusion of hoarding disorder (HD) in the DSM-5, there is little epidemiological data on hoarding from low and middle-income countries. This study, the first from India, examines the prevalence and correlates of HD among primary care patients in the state of Kerala, India. […] The prevalence of HD was 1.02% (95%CI 0.8-1.3). […] Although HD is not uncommon in India, this disorder is rarely reported in specialty settings in India, which suggests that awareness and detection should be improved, considering the co-occurring negative correlates and disability among affected individuals. […] Hoarding symptoms are widely prevalent, with three epidemiological studies reporting rates between 2 and 14%. […] Community-level data is also essential to improve awareness and help plan public health services and policies to care for people with HD.

• #85 SciELO Brazil – Prevalence of hoarding disorder among primary care patients Prevalence of hoarding disorder among primary care patients

  https://www.scielo.br/j/rbp/a/bWjCfBs5wQpQXtnmbhfZwfC/

  Our study is the first from India and possibly from any low- or middle-income country to report on HD and its correlates using specific assessment instruments in a primary care setting. […] The prevalence of HD was 1.02% (n=69; 95% confidence interval (95%CI) 0.8-1.3). […] Participants with HD had a higher odds of reporting chronic medical illness, depression, anxiety disorder, alcohol abuse, and tobacco dependence. […] In our study, individuals with HD were older, which is consistent with the findings of previous epidemiological studies. […] In our study, a significant number of people with HD lived alone or in institutions. […] Our finding that more people with HD were living alone may have been a result of a high degree of rejection due to their hoarding behavior. […] This study suggests that the HD is not uncommon in India. […] Underdiagnosis of hoarding may have crucial public health implications.

• #86 SciELO Brazil – Prevalence of hoarding disorder among primary care patients Prevalence of hoarding disorder among primary care patients

  https://www.scielo.br/j/rbp/a/bWjCfBs5wQpQXtnmbhfZwfC/

  Objectives: Despite the inclusion of hoarding disorder (HD) in the DSM-5, there is little epidemiological data on hoarding from low and middle-income countries. This study, the first from India, examines the prevalence and correlates of HD among primary care patients in the state of Kerala, India. […] The prevalence of HD was 1.02% (95%CI 0.8-1.3). […] Although HD is not uncommon in India, this disorder is rarely reported in specialty settings in India, which suggests that awareness and detection should be improved, considering the co-occurring negative correlates and disability among affected individuals. […] Hoarding symptoms are widely prevalent, with three epidemiological studies reporting rates between 2 and 14%. […] Community-level data is also essential to improve awareness and help plan public health services and policies to care for people with HD.

• #87

  https://openjournals.ljmu.ac.uk/PHIJ/article/view/2859

  Hoarding Disorder (HD) is a mental health condition characterised by persistent difficulty discarding or parting with possessions, regardless of their actual value. […] The absence of a stand-alone diagnosis until 2013 for symptoms of hoarding means literature is limited and challenging to analyse and much remains unknown about the epidemiology Hoarding Disorder. […] Results identified people with Hoarding Disorder generally have lower quality of life due to increased numbers of medical comorbidities including physical and mental health conditions and that there is a strong correlation between Hoarding Disorder and depression and anxiety. […] Hoarding Disorder has a complex impact on public health, influencing not just mental and physical health but considering the wider impacts socially and financially.

• #88 SciELO Brazil – Prevalence of hoarding disorder among primary care patients Prevalence of hoarding disorder among primary care patients

  https://www.scielo.br/j/rbp/a/bWjCfBs5wQpQXtnmbhfZwfC/

  Objectives: Despite the inclusion of hoarding disorder (HD) in the DSM-5, there is little epidemiological data on hoarding from low and middle-income countries. This study, the first from India, examines the prevalence and correlates of HD among primary care patients in the state of Kerala, India. […] The prevalence of HD was 1.02% (95%CI 0.8-1.3). […] Although HD is not uncommon in India, this disorder is rarely reported in specialty settings in India, which suggests that awareness and detection should be improved, considering the co-occurring negative correlates and disability among affected individuals. […] Hoarding symptoms are widely prevalent, with three epidemiological studies reporting rates between 2 and 14%. […] Community-level data is also essential to improve awareness and help plan public health services and policies to care for people with HD.

• #89 Understanding Hoarding Disorder | Mental Health Academy

  https://www.mentalhealthacademy.com.au/blog/post/understanding-hoarding-disorder

  Hoarding disorder affects 2.5% of the population. This article – the first of a 3-part series – explores what hoarding disorder is, including its prevalence and aetiology. […] Hoarding disorder affects 2.5% of the population and arises from a combination of factors, such as emotional dysregulation, information-processing deficits, unhelpful beliefs, and behavioural avoidance. […] According to the American Psychiatric Association (2013), hoarders are more numerous than those suffering from almost any other psychological disorder of adulthood, with hoarding disorder affecting 1 out of every 25 to 50 adults. Pooled prevalence estimates in over 50,000 participants suggest an estimate of around 2.5%. The prevalence is lowest among teenagers and highest among adults over 55, where the prevalence is nearly 7% (Mathews, 2021).

• #90 Hoarding Throughout the Life Span

  https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/hoarding-throughout-life-span

  The rate of HD in adults rises with increasing age, from 1% to 2% at age 20 to over 7% among individuals aged 70 and older. […] Individuals with HD typically experience significant impairment in several aspects of daily functioning, including psychosocial, occupational, and family domains. […] HD is associated with high levels of medical disability and work impairment (exceeding that for individuals with anxiety, mood, and substance abuse disorders), even after controlling for age and additional co-occurring psychiatric symptoms such as anxiety and depression. […] Despite being highly prevalent, particularly among older adults, HD is still underrecognized and inadequately treated in many, if not most, affected individuals. HD has a substantial impact on individual and family well-being and represents a significant public health burden.

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