Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Temporomandibular Disorders: Rapid Evidence Review | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2023/0100/temporomandibular-disorders.html

  Temporomandibular disorders affect between 5% and 12% of the population and present with symptoms such as headache, bruxism, pain at the temporomandibular joint, jaw popping or clicking, neck pain, tinnitus, dizziness, decreased hearing, and hyperacuity to sound. […] The prevalence of TMDs is between 5% and 12%. […] Managing TMDs is estimated to cost $4 billion annually in the United States. […] TMDs have a bimodal peak at 21 and 53 years of age with a female-to-male ratio of 3-to-1. […] TMDs occur due to complex interactions involving biomechanical, psychosocial, and genetic factors. […] TMDs are classified as chronic if they persist for more than three months.

• #2 Temporomandibular disorders in adults – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/temporomandibular-disorders-in-adults

  Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are common, with a systematic review suggesting a prevalence as high as 31 percent in adults and 11 percent in children. […] TMD is associated with substantial morbidity, affecting quality of life and work productivity. As an example, it is estimated that for every 100 million working adults in the United States, TMD contributes to 17.8 million lost workdays annually. […] TMD patients have also been shown to use health care services at a higher rate, with a mean health care expenditure that is 1.6 times higher when compared with non-TMD individuals.

• #3 Temporomandibular Disorders: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1143410-overview

  Temporomandibular disorder is a commonly seen condition in primary care and dentistry practice. According to some authorities, as many as 75% of the people in the United States population will at some time have some of the signs and symptoms of TMD; however, all of these individuals are not believed to have TMD. Between 5% and 10% of Americans may sufficiently fulfill the criteria to merit a diagnosis of TMD. […] Temporomandibular disorder primarily affects women with a male-to-female ratio of 1:4. […] Highest incidence is among young adults, especially women aged 20-40 years.

• #4 Prevalence of temporomandibular joint disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33409693/

  Objectives: The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the prevalence of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMJD) among the general population. […] Results: From 2741 articles, 21 were included. […] The main results from prevalence overall meta-analyses for adults/elderly are as follows: TMJD (31.1%), DDs (19.1%), and DJD (9.8%). Furthermore, for children/adolescents are as follows: TMJD (11.3%), DDs (8.3%), and DJD (0.4%). […] The overall prevalence of TMJD was approximately 31% for adults/elderly and 11% for children/adolescents, and the most prevalent TMJD was DDwR. […] Knowledge about the frequency of TMJD can encourage dentists to consider appropriate strategies for early and correct diagnosis and, if need be, correct management.

• #5 Temporomandibular disorders in adults – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/temporomandibular-disorders-in-adults

  Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are common, with a systematic review suggesting a prevalence as high as 31 percent in adults and 11 percent in children. […] TMD is associated with substantial morbidity, affecting quality of life and work productivity. As an example, it is estimated that for every 100 million working adults in the United States, TMD contributes to 17.8 million lost workdays annually. […] TMD patients have also been shown to use health care services at a higher rate, with a mean health care expenditure that is 1.6 times higher when compared with non-TMD individuals.

• #6 Prevalence of TMJD and its Signs and Symptoms | Data & Statistics | National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research

  https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/research/data-statistics/facial-pain/prevalence

  The prevalence of temporomandibular joint and muscle disorder (TMJD) is between 5% and 12%. […] TMJ disorders are at least twice as prevalent in women as men, and women using either supplemental estrogen or oral contraceptives are more likely to seek treatment for these conditions. […] The measurement of facial pain and TMJD is complicated. There is no standard definition for TMJD; it is measured by asking about various types and durations of muscle, joint, and facial pain, difficulty with chewing, joint sounds, etc.

• #7 Temporomandibular Disorders: Rapid Evidence Review | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2023/0100/temporomandibular-disorders.html

  Temporomandibular disorders affect between 5% and 12% of the population and present with symptoms such as headache, bruxism, pain at the temporomandibular joint, jaw popping or clicking, neck pain, tinnitus, dizziness, decreased hearing, and hyperacuity to sound. […] The prevalence of TMDs is between 5% and 12%. […] Managing TMDs is estimated to cost $4 billion annually in the United States. […] TMDs have a bimodal peak at 21 and 53 years of age with a female-to-male ratio of 3-to-1. […] TMDs occur due to complex interactions involving biomechanical, psychosocial, and genetic factors. […] TMDs are classified as chronic if they persist for more than three months.

• #8 A Meta-Analysis of the Global Prevalence of Temporomandibular Disorders

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/5/1365

  The incidence of TMDs in the world population was 34%. […] The prevalence of TMDs was significantly higher in South America (47%) compared to Asia (33%) and Europe (29%). […] This study suggests that geographical location may play a role in the epidemiology of TMDs. […] Larger epidemiological studies of TMDs in African and Australian populations are recommended.

• #9 Review of temporomandibular joint pathology: Part I: Classification, epidemiology and risk factors

  https://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1698-69462007000400006

  Review of temporomandibular joint pathology. Part I: Classification, epidemiology and risk factors […] Pathology of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) affects an important part of the population, though it is not viewed as a public health problem. Between 3-7% of the population seeks treatment for pain and dysfunction of the ATM or related structures. The literature reports great variability in the prevalence of the clinical symptoms (6-93%) and signs (0-93%), probably as a result of the different clinical criteria used. […] Approximately 7% of the population between 12 and 18 years of age is diagnosed with mandibular pain-dysfunction. […] No clear relationship has been established between occlusal alterations and TMJ disease. […] Both local and systemic hyperlaxity has been postulated as a possible cause of TMD. […] Parafunctional habits and bruxism are considered risk factors of TMD with odds ratios (ORs) of up to 4.8. […] The estimated prevalence of TMD in children and adolescents varies from 6-68%, depending on the different diagnostic criteria used and on the differences in clinical examination. […] Epidemiological studies generally document a greater frequency and severity of TMD in females than in males. […] The epidemiological studies of TMJ alterations based on imaging analyses likewise have been unable to define a standardized pattern in the distribution of the disease. […] One way to address the problem is quantification according to the population demands for treatment. Based on this criterion, 3-7% of the population seeks treatment for pain and/or dysfunction of the TMJ or related structures.

• #10 Prevalence, Epidemiology and Etiology – The Detection and Management of Temporomandibular Disorders in Primary Dental Care – Dentalcare

  https://www.dentalcare.com/en-us/ce-courses/ce395/prevalence-epidemiology-and-etiology

  TMD is the 2nd most common musculoskeletal pain, with low back pain being the first. About 33% of the population has at least one TMD symptom and 3.6 to 7.0% of the population has TMD with sufficient severity that they desire treatment. […] TMD varies with age and there are significant gender differences. In a large study of adults (1,016) conducted in Seattle, WA, females had higher rates of TMD pain at all ages, including a peak prevalence of 18% in the 25-44 year old group, compared with 10% of males for the same ages. […] For example, in the aforementioned study, only 2% of females and no males reported TMD pain at 65 years of age and greater. […] Only a small percentage of people with TMD pain develop significant, long-term problems.

• #11 Temporomandibular Disorders: Rapid Evidence Review | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2023/0100/temporomandibular-disorders.html

  Temporomandibular disorders affect between 5% and 12% of the population and present with symptoms such as headache, bruxism, pain at the temporomandibular joint, jaw popping or clicking, neck pain, tinnitus, dizziness, decreased hearing, and hyperacuity to sound. […] The prevalence of TMDs is between 5% and 12%. […] Managing TMDs is estimated to cost $4 billion annually in the United States. […] TMDs have a bimodal peak at 21 and 53 years of age with a female-to-male ratio of 3-to-1. […] TMDs occur due to complex interactions involving biomechanical, psychosocial, and genetic factors. […] TMDs are classified as chronic if they persist for more than three months.

• #12 Prevalence of TMJD and its Signs and Symptoms | Data & Statistics | National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research

  https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/research/data-statistics/facial-pain/prevalence

  The prevalence of temporomandibular joint and muscle disorder (TMJD) is between 5% and 12%. […] TMJ disorders are at least twice as prevalent in women as men, and women using either supplemental estrogen or oral contraceptives are more likely to seek treatment for these conditions. […] The measurement of facial pain and TMJD is complicated. There is no standard definition for TMJD; it is measured by asking about various types and durations of muscle, joint, and facial pain, difficulty with chewing, joint sounds, etc.

• #13 Prevalence of TMJD and its Signs and Symptoms | Data & Statistics | National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research

  https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/research/data-statistics/facial-pain/prevalence

  The prevalence of temporomandibular joint and muscle disorder (TMJD) is between 5% and 12%. […] TMJ disorders are at least twice as prevalent in women as men, and women using either supplemental estrogen or oral contraceptives are more likely to seek treatment for these conditions. […] The measurement of facial pain and TMJD is complicated. There is no standard definition for TMJD; it is measured by asking about various types and durations of muscle, joint, and facial pain, difficulty with chewing, joint sounds, etc.

• #14 Temporomandibular joint dysfunction – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temporomandibular_joint_dysfunction

  TMD mostly affects people in the 20 40 age group, and the average age is 33.9 years. People with TMD tend to be younger adults, who are otherwise healthy. Within the catchall umbrella of TMD, there are peaks for disc displacements at age 30, and for inflammatory-degenerative joint disorders at age 50. […] About 75% of the general population may have at least one abnormal sign associated with the TMJ (e.g. clicking), and about 33% have at least one symptom of TMD. However, only in 3.67% will this be of sufficient severity to trigger the individual to seek medical advice. […] For unknown reasons, females are more likely to be affected than males, in a ratio of about 2:1, although others report this ratio to be as high as 9:1. Females are more likely to request treatment for TMD, and their symptoms are less likely to resolve.

• #15 Temporomandibular Disorders: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1143410-overview

  Temporomandibular disorder is a commonly seen condition in primary care and dentistry practice. According to some authorities, as many as 75% of the people in the United States population will at some time have some of the signs and symptoms of TMD; however, all of these individuals are not believed to have TMD. Between 5% and 10% of Americans may sufficiently fulfill the criteria to merit a diagnosis of TMD. […] Temporomandibular disorder primarily affects women with a male-to-female ratio of 1:4. […] Highest incidence is among young adults, especially women aged 20-40 years.

• #16 Prevalence of TMJD and its Signs and Symptoms | Data & Statistics | National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research

  https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/research/data-statistics/facial-pain/prevalence

  The prevalence of temporomandibular joint and muscle disorder (TMJD) is between 5% and 12%. […] TMJ disorders are at least twice as prevalent in women as men, and women using either supplemental estrogen or oral contraceptives are more likely to seek treatment for these conditions. […] The measurement of facial pain and TMJD is complicated. There is no standard definition for TMJD; it is measured by asking about various types and durations of muscle, joint, and facial pain, difficulty with chewing, joint sounds, etc.

• #17 Prevalence, Epidemiology and Etiology – The Detection and Management of Temporomandibular Disorders in Primary Dental Care – Dentalcare

  https://www.dentalcare.com/en-us/ce-courses/ce395/prevalence-epidemiology-and-etiology

  TMD is the 2nd most common musculoskeletal pain, with low back pain being the first. About 33% of the population has at least one TMD symptom and 3.6 to 7.0% of the population has TMD with sufficient severity that they desire treatment. […] TMD varies with age and there are significant gender differences. In a large study of adults (1,016) conducted in Seattle, WA, females had higher rates of TMD pain at all ages, including a peak prevalence of 18% in the 25-44 year old group, compared with 10% of males for the same ages. […] For example, in the aforementioned study, only 2% of females and no males reported TMD pain at 65 years of age and greater. […] Only a small percentage of people with TMD pain develop significant, long-term problems.

• #18 Temporomandibular Disorders: Rapid Evidence Review | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2023/0100/temporomandibular-disorders.html

  Temporomandibular disorders affect between 5% and 12% of the population and present with symptoms such as headache, bruxism, pain at the temporomandibular joint, jaw popping or clicking, neck pain, tinnitus, dizziness, decreased hearing, and hyperacuity to sound. […] The prevalence of TMDs is between 5% and 12%. […] Managing TMDs is estimated to cost $4 billion annually in the United States. […] TMDs have a bimodal peak at 21 and 53 years of age with a female-to-male ratio of 3-to-1. […] TMDs occur due to complex interactions involving biomechanical, psychosocial, and genetic factors. […] TMDs are classified as chronic if they persist for more than three months.

• #19 Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Syndrome: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/809598-overview

  Currently, an estimated 10 million people have TMJ disorders, and roughly 25% of the population have symptoms at some point in their lives. […] The morbidity of the disorder is related to significant pain on movement of the jaw. While some patients’ symptoms may resolve within weeks, others may have chronic symptoms that persist even with extensive therapy. […] The highest incidence of TMJ syndrome is in adults aged 20-40 years. […] TMJ syndrome is found infrequently in the pediatric population.

• #20 Temporomandibular joint dysfunction – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temporomandibular_joint_dysfunction

  TMD mostly affects people in the 20 40 age group, and the average age is 33.9 years. People with TMD tend to be younger adults, who are otherwise healthy. Within the catchall umbrella of TMD, there are peaks for disc displacements at age 30, and for inflammatory-degenerative joint disorders at age 50. […] About 75% of the general population may have at least one abnormal sign associated with the TMJ (e.g. clicking), and about 33% have at least one symptom of TMD. However, only in 3.67% will this be of sufficient severity to trigger the individual to seek medical advice. […] For unknown reasons, females are more likely to be affected than males, in a ratio of about 2:1, although others report this ratio to be as high as 9:1. Females are more likely to request treatment for TMD, and their symptoms are less likely to resolve.

• #21 Prevalence, Epidemiology and Etiology – The Detection and Management of Temporomandibular Disorders in Primary Dental Care – Dentalcare

  https://www.dentalcare.com/en-us/ce-courses/ce395/prevalence-epidemiology-and-etiology

  TMD is the 2nd most common musculoskeletal pain, with low back pain being the first. About 33% of the population has at least one TMD symptom and 3.6 to 7.0% of the population has TMD with sufficient severity that they desire treatment. […] TMD varies with age and there are significant gender differences. In a large study of adults (1,016) conducted in Seattle, WA, females had higher rates of TMD pain at all ages, including a peak prevalence of 18% in the 25-44 year old group, compared with 10% of males for the same ages. […] For example, in the aforementioned study, only 2% of females and no males reported TMD pain at 65 years of age and greater. […] Only a small percentage of people with TMD pain develop significant, long-term problems.

• #22 Temporomandibular joint dysfunction – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temporomandibular_joint_dysfunction

  According to the most recent analyses of epidemiologic data using the RDC/TMD diagnostic criteria, of all TMD cases, group I (muscle disorders) accounts for 45.3%, group II (disc displacements) 41.1%, and group III (joint disorders) 30.1% (individuals may have diagnoses from more than one group). […] The highest prevalence of TMD (regardless of type) is in South America at 47%, followed by Asia at 33%, Europe at 29%, and North America at 26%.

• #23 Temporomandibular joint dysfunction – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temporomandibular_joint_dysfunction

  According to the most recent analyses of epidemiologic data using the RDC/TMD diagnostic criteria, of all TMD cases, group I (muscle disorders) accounts for 45.3%, group II (disc displacements) 41.1%, and group III (joint disorders) 30.1% (individuals may have diagnoses from more than one group). […] The highest prevalence of TMD (regardless of type) is in South America at 47%, followed by Asia at 33%, Europe at 29%, and North America at 26%.

• #24 Prevalence of temporomandibular joint disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33409693/

  Objectives: The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the prevalence of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMJD) among the general population. […] Results: From 2741 articles, 21 were included. […] The main results from prevalence overall meta-analyses for adults/elderly are as follows: TMJD (31.1%), DDs (19.1%), and DJD (9.8%). Furthermore, for children/adolescents are as follows: TMJD (11.3%), DDs (8.3%), and DJD (0.4%). […] The overall prevalence of TMJD was approximately 31% for adults/elderly and 11% for children/adolescents, and the most prevalent TMJD was DDwR. […] Knowledge about the frequency of TMJD can encourage dentists to consider appropriate strategies for early and correct diagnosis and, if need be, correct management.

• #25 Temporomandibular disorders in adults – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/temporomandibular-disorders-in-adults

  Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are common, with a systematic review suggesting a prevalence as high as 31 percent in adults and 11 percent in children. […] TMD is associated with substantial morbidity, affecting quality of life and work productivity. As an example, it is estimated that for every 100 million working adults in the United States, TMD contributes to 17.8 million lost workdays annually. […] TMD patients have also been shown to use health care services at a higher rate, with a mean health care expenditure that is 1.6 times higher when compared with non-TMD individuals.

• #26 Temporomandibular Disorders: Rapid Evidence Review | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2023/0100/temporomandibular-disorders.html

  Temporomandibular disorders affect between 5% and 12% of the population and present with symptoms such as headache, bruxism, pain at the temporomandibular joint, jaw popping or clicking, neck pain, tinnitus, dizziness, decreased hearing, and hyperacuity to sound. […] The prevalence of TMDs is between 5% and 12%. […] Managing TMDs is estimated to cost $4 billion annually in the United States. […] TMDs have a bimodal peak at 21 and 53 years of age with a female-to-male ratio of 3-to-1. […] TMDs occur due to complex interactions involving biomechanical, psychosocial, and genetic factors. […] TMDs are classified as chronic if they persist for more than three months.

• #27 Temporomandibular disorders in adults – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/temporomandibular-disorders-in-adults

  Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are common, with a systematic review suggesting a prevalence as high as 31 percent in adults and 11 percent in children. […] TMD is associated with substantial morbidity, affecting quality of life and work productivity. As an example, it is estimated that for every 100 million working adults in the United States, TMD contributes to 17.8 million lost workdays annually. […] TMD patients have also been shown to use health care services at a higher rate, with a mean health care expenditure that is 1.6 times higher when compared with non-TMD individuals.

• #28 Epidemiology of temporomandibular joint disorders and related painful conditions | Molecular Pain | Full Text

  https://molecularpain.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1744-8069-10-S1-O16

  Epidemiology uncovers patterns of disease distribution in human populations and seeks determinants of those patterns. With recent emphasis on chronic pain as „a disease in itself”, it is informative to compare how the distribution of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMJD) compares with that of related pain conditions. Over two decades of National Health Interview Surveys (1989 to 2009), the prevalence of self-reported TMJD symptoms remained stable, affecting 5% of U.S. adults. In 2009, prevalence was greater in females than males, and increased with age to midlife before decreasing in older age. While racial- and ethnic-group differences were small, there was a pronounced income gradient, with greater prevalence at lower household income. Similar distributions according to gender, age and income occurred for headache and neck pain, although not for low back pain. There was also marked overlap of TMJD with those related pain conditions, irrespective of whether they occurred above or below the shoulders.

• #29 Prevalence of TMJD and its Signs and Symptoms | Data & Statistics | National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research

  https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/research/data-statistics/facial-pain/prevalence

  The prevalence of temporomandibular joint and muscle disorder (TMJD) is between 5% and 12%. […] TMJ disorders are at least twice as prevalent in women as men, and women using either supplemental estrogen or oral contraceptives are more likely to seek treatment for these conditions. […] The measurement of facial pain and TMJD is complicated. There is no standard definition for TMJD; it is measured by asking about various types and durations of muscle, joint, and facial pain, difficulty with chewing, joint sounds, etc.

• #30 Epidemiology of temporomandibular joint disorders and related painful conditions | Molecular Pain | Full Text

  https://molecularpain.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1744-8069-10-S1-O16

  Epidemiology uncovers patterns of disease distribution in human populations and seeks determinants of those patterns. With recent emphasis on chronic pain as „a disease in itself”, it is informative to compare how the distribution of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMJD) compares with that of related pain conditions. Over two decades of National Health Interview Surveys (1989 to 2009), the prevalence of self-reported TMJD symptoms remained stable, affecting 5% of U.S. adults. In 2009, prevalence was greater in females than males, and increased with age to midlife before decreasing in older age. While racial- and ethnic-group differences were small, there was a pronounced income gradient, with greater prevalence at lower household income. Similar distributions according to gender, age and income occurred for headache and neck pain, although not for low back pain. There was also marked overlap of TMJD with those related pain conditions, irrespective of whether they occurred above or below the shoulders.

• #31 SciELO Brazil – Prevalence of temporomandibular disorders in postmenopausal women and relationship with pain and HRT Prevalence of temporomandibular disorders in postmenopausal women and relationship with pain and HRT

  https://www.scielo.br/j/bor/a/shXtFgHktvBH3kBR64tFvqg

  The prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) is higher in females, reaching their high peak during reproductive years, probably because of the action of some female hormones, which alter pain threshold. […] The prevalence of TMD symptoms ranges from 16% to 59% in studies of non-patient populations. […] Approximately 7%15% of the adult population in North America is afflicted with TMD, and it is believed that approximately 6 million Brazilians have signs and symptoms of these disorders. […] Although the epidemiology of TMD has been studied, reported prevalence rates vary broadly, reflecting important differences in samples, criteria, and methods used for collecting the information. […] Epidemiological studies suggest that symptoms related to TMD predominantly occur in young adults and in females.

• #32 Review of temporomandibular joint pathology: Part I: Classification, epidemiology and risk factors

  https://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1698-69462007000400006

  Review of temporomandibular joint pathology. Part I: Classification, epidemiology and risk factors […] Pathology of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) affects an important part of the population, though it is not viewed as a public health problem. Between 3-7% of the population seeks treatment for pain and dysfunction of the ATM or related structures. The literature reports great variability in the prevalence of the clinical symptoms (6-93%) and signs (0-93%), probably as a result of the different clinical criteria used. […] Approximately 7% of the population between 12 and 18 years of age is diagnosed with mandibular pain-dysfunction. […] No clear relationship has been established between occlusal alterations and TMJ disease. […] Both local and systemic hyperlaxity has been postulated as a possible cause of TMD. […] Parafunctional habits and bruxism are considered risk factors of TMD with odds ratios (ORs) of up to 4.8. […] The estimated prevalence of TMD in children and adolescents varies from 6-68%, depending on the different diagnostic criteria used and on the differences in clinical examination. […] Epidemiological studies generally document a greater frequency and severity of TMD in females than in males. […] The epidemiological studies of TMJ alterations based on imaging analyses likewise have been unable to define a standardized pattern in the distribution of the disease. […] One way to address the problem is quantification according to the population demands for treatment. Based on this criterion, 3-7% of the population seeks treatment for pain and/or dysfunction of the TMJ or related structures.

• #33 SciELO Brazil – Prevalence of temporomandibular disorders in postmenopausal women and relationship with pain and HRT Prevalence of temporomandibular disorders in postmenopausal women and relationship with pain and HRT

  https://www.scielo.br/j/bor/a/shXtFgHktvBH3kBR64tFvqg

  The prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) is higher in females, reaching their high peak during reproductive years, probably because of the action of some female hormones, which alter pain threshold. […] The prevalence of TMD symptoms ranges from 16% to 59% in studies of non-patient populations. […] Approximately 7%15% of the adult population in North America is afflicted with TMD, and it is believed that approximately 6 million Brazilians have signs and symptoms of these disorders. […] Although the epidemiology of TMD has been studied, reported prevalence rates vary broadly, reflecting important differences in samples, criteria, and methods used for collecting the information. […] Epidemiological studies suggest that symptoms related to TMD predominantly occur in young adults and in females.

• #34 Temporomandibular joint dysfunction – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temporomandibular_joint_dysfunction

  TMD mostly affects people in the 20 40 age group, and the average age is 33.9 years. People with TMD tend to be younger adults, who are otherwise healthy. Within the catchall umbrella of TMD, there are peaks for disc displacements at age 30, and for inflammatory-degenerative joint disorders at age 50. […] About 75% of the general population may have at least one abnormal sign associated with the TMJ (e.g. clicking), and about 33% have at least one symptom of TMD. However, only in 3.67% will this be of sufficient severity to trigger the individual to seek medical advice. […] For unknown reasons, females are more likely to be affected than males, in a ratio of about 2:1, although others report this ratio to be as high as 9:1. Females are more likely to request treatment for TMD, and their symptoms are less likely to resolve.

• #35 TMJ CRN | MDEpiNet Site

  https://www.mdepinet.net/tmj

  TMDs are common disabling conditions and from 6% to 12% of the population is estimated to experience clinical symptoms. […] The 2020 NASEM report on TMD states, Studies assessing the direct and indirect costs specific to a TMD diagnosis are rare. Research into the direct and indirect costs of TMD is needed, especially in light of the changing policies around health care delivery. […] The RoundTable concluded that a strategically Coordinated Registry Network (CRN) is needed to collect and generate accessible data on TMD and its care that is sufficiently relevant and reliable. This is necessary to better understand the disparate treatment pathways and outcomes that patients experience. […] The TMJ-CRN aims to develop the foundation for a national infrastructure for capturing real-world evidence in the TMD clinical space.

• #36

  https://myoms.org/aaoms-develops-guidance-for-diagnosing-managing-tmj-disorders-and-pain/

  ROSEMONT, Ill. – The American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (AAOMS) has developed evidence-based guidance for evaluating, diagnosing and treating patients with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders and intra-articular pain and dysfunction (IPD). […] According to the position paper, the management of TMJ and IPD has undergone a significant transformation over the last three decades to allow for the development of evidence-based guidance to enable both providers and patients to identify best practices. […] Because of these advances in patient care, the National Academies in 2019 convened representatives from the Food and Drug Administration, Medical Device Epidemiology Network, patient advocacy groups, oral and maxillofacial surgeons, and orofacial pain experts to identify specific steps to improve care for patients with TMJ pain and dysfunction. […] The AAOMS guidance is in response to recommendations published by the National Academies in 2022.

• #37 TMJ CRN | MDEpiNet Site

  https://www.mdepinet.net/tmj

  The main objective of the TMJ-CRN is to develop a standardized data infrastructure for capturing patient-generated data, physician experience, and other healthcare ecosystem data necessary to better understand the disparate treatment pathways and outcomes that patients experience. […] The accomplishment of these goals will begin to fill in gaps in our knowledge of treatment outcomes and help establish scientifically based clinical treatment guidelines.

• #38 FDA’s Role in Approving TMJ Implants and Monitoring Their Safety | FDA

  https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/temporomandibular-disorders-tmd-devices/fdas-role-approving-tmj-implants-and-monitoring-their-safety

  Among its many responsibilities, the FDA is charged with helping to ensure the safety and effectiveness of medical products, including medical devices used to treat Temporomandibular Disorder (TMD), such as Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) implants. […] The FDA reviews TMJ implants before they are marketed and continues to monitor their performance and to take action when problems are discovered. […] Since 1993, the FDA has included TMJ implants on the list of tracked devices because failure of these implanted devices would be reasonably likely to have serious, adverse health consequences. […] The FDA also ordered all TMJ implant manufacturers to conduct postmarket surveillance studies, also known as 522 studies. […] The FDA ordered the 522 studies over concerns arising from medical device reports (MDRs) submitted to the FDA, including adverse events observed over the expected lifetime of implanted TMJ devices, and timing and reasons for implant revision or replacement. […] The FDA ordered all three manufacturers of the four FDA-approved TMJ implants to conduct postmarket surveillance studies to better understand the events associated with the need to remove (explant) TMJ implants and replace (revise) TMJ implants.

• #39 FDA Orders Postmarket Surveillance Of Certain TMJ Implants

  https://www.meddeviceonline.com/doc/fda-orders-postmarket-surveillance-of-certain-0001

  FDA Orders Postmarket Surveillance Of Certain TMJ Implants. Recently the U.S. Food and Drug Administration ordered three manufacturers of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) implants to conduct postmarket surveillance studies to determine the length of time before the implants are removed or replaced due to pain or other reasons. […] The FDA analyzed TMJ implant-related adverse event reports submitted between April 30, 2004 and Aug. 17, 2010. The analysis described a substantial number of patients who had implants replaced within three years or less after implantation because of extreme pain. […] TMJ implant manufacturers were required to collect postmarket data on their implants as part of the approval process. However, the data collected did not adequately address the timing or reasons for replacement, and the studies lost contact over the years with many of the enrolled patients.

• #40 TMJ CRN | MDEpiNet Site

  https://www.mdepinet.net/tmj

  The main objective of the TMJ-CRN is to develop a standardized data infrastructure for capturing patient-generated data, physician experience, and other healthcare ecosystem data necessary to better understand the disparate treatment pathways and outcomes that patients experience. […] The accomplishment of these goals will begin to fill in gaps in our knowledge of treatment outcomes and help establish scientifically based clinical treatment guidelines.

• #41 Epidemiology of temporomandibular joint disorders and related painful conditions | Molecular Pain | Full Text

  https://molecularpain.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1744-8069-10-S1-O16

  In order to understand reasons for this overlap, prospective studies of TMJD incidence are needed to discover determinants of the disease. In the community-based OPPERA prospective cohort study, TMJD incidence was measured in 2,737 adults aged 18-44 years who had no significant history of TMJD when enrolled. During three years of follow-up, 19% of people per annum developed TMD symptoms and for a quarter of symptomatic episodes, pain intensity was severe. Examiner-verified, first-onset TMJD developed at an annual rate of 3.5% per annum, although the rate was approximately doubled in study participants who, at enrollment, reported related pain conditions. Likewise, TMJD incidence was strongly associated with a checklist of 20 non-specific health conditions reported at enrollment, ranging from depression to sleep apnea. Yet, by virtue of the study design, study participants had no TMJD at enrollment, meaning that the related pain conditions and other health conditions did not „overlap” concurrently with TMJD. Instead, they represent risk factors for development of TMJD. In fact, in multivariable analysis, related pain and other health conditions were among the strongest predictors of first-onset TMD. Furthermore, their effects on risk of developing TMJD were independent of conventional risk factors for TMJD. […] Impaired general health, whether painful or not, is an important risk factor for development of painful TMJD.

• #42 Etiology (Causes) of Temporomandibular Disorders (TMDs)

  https://www.oralmedicinespecialist.com/post/etiology-causes-of-temporomandibular-disorders-tmds

  Epidemiology of Temporomandibular Disorders (TMDs) […] Not everyone with the etiological factors listed above will experience TMD. However, individuals with chronic TMD symptoms are more likely to have multiple risk factors that act together over a prolonged period, leading to the development and persistence of TMD-related signs and symptoms.

• #43 Review of temporomandibular joint pathology: Part I: Classification, epidemiology and risk factors

  https://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1698-69462007000400006

  Review of temporomandibular joint pathology. Part I: Classification, epidemiology and risk factors […] Pathology of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) affects an important part of the population, though it is not viewed as a public health problem. Between 3-7% of the population seeks treatment for pain and dysfunction of the ATM or related structures. The literature reports great variability in the prevalence of the clinical symptoms (6-93%) and signs (0-93%), probably as a result of the different clinical criteria used. […] Approximately 7% of the population between 12 and 18 years of age is diagnosed with mandibular pain-dysfunction. […] No clear relationship has been established between occlusal alterations and TMJ disease. […] Both local and systemic hyperlaxity has been postulated as a possible cause of TMD. […] Parafunctional habits and bruxism are considered risk factors of TMD with odds ratios (ORs) of up to 4.8. […] The estimated prevalence of TMD in children and adolescents varies from 6-68%, depending on the different diagnostic criteria used and on the differences in clinical examination. […] Epidemiological studies generally document a greater frequency and severity of TMD in females than in males. […] The epidemiological studies of TMJ alterations based on imaging analyses likewise have been unable to define a standardized pattern in the distribution of the disease. […] One way to address the problem is quantification according to the population demands for treatment. Based on this criterion, 3-7% of the population seeks treatment for pain and/or dysfunction of the TMJ or related structures.

• #44

  https://juniperpublishers.com/adoh/ADOH.MS.ID.555787.php

  A randomized population study carried out in Germany which looked at 7,008 subjects showed that half of the subjects had one or more clinical signs of TMD. […] Studies assessed in this review showed the prevalence of signs and symptoms of TMD in the general population varied greatly, ranging from 1% to 75%, when established on clinical evaluation, and 6% to 75% when based on pain questionnaires only. […] When reviewing the literature, it was found that there are three main factors that should be considered when looking at the epidemiology of TMD. These include gender, age and emotional or psychosocial status. […] The present review article shows that there is a large percentage of the population suffering from TMD, younger females and those suffering from depression and/or anxiety. […] This review did however outline that, the prevalence peaks between the ages of 25-45, women suffer more than men and added psychosocial issues lead to a greater prevalence and intensity of TMD symptoms. […] It was also noted that there seems to be an increase in TMD prevalence in the general population over recent decades.

• #45 Incidence and risk factors of the temporomandibular joint disorders in the patients without condylar fractures | médecine/sciences

  https://www.medecinesciences.org/en/articles/medsci/full_html/2018/09/medsci180268s/medsci180268s.html

  Incidence and risk factors of the temporomandibular joint disorders in the patients without condylar fractures […] Objective: To evaluate the incidence and risk factors of the temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) in the patients suffering from maxillo-facial injury without condylar fractures. […] Results: the TMD incidence rates were 25.0%, 30.0%, 35.0%, 41.7% and 48.3% at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after injury with no statistical difference between male and female (P0.05). Logistic regression indicated that disorder of occlusal relationship (OR=1.84,95%CI:1.36-2.78) and hemi-mastication (OR=1.56, 95% CI:1.23- 2.24) were independent risk factors for the development of TMD. […] Conclusion: there was a high incidence of temporomandibular joint disorders in the patients suffering from maxillo-facial injury without condylar fractures. The disorder of occlusal relationship and hemi-mastication were independent risk factors for the development of post-injury TMD.

• #46 Epidemiology of temporomandibular joint disorders and related painful conditions | Molecular Pain | Full Text

  https://molecularpain.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1744-8069-10-S1-O16

  In order to understand reasons for this overlap, prospective studies of TMJD incidence are needed to discover determinants of the disease. In the community-based OPPERA prospective cohort study, TMJD incidence was measured in 2,737 adults aged 18-44 years who had no significant history of TMJD when enrolled. During three years of follow-up, 19% of people per annum developed TMD symptoms and for a quarter of symptomatic episodes, pain intensity was severe. Examiner-verified, first-onset TMJD developed at an annual rate of 3.5% per annum, although the rate was approximately doubled in study participants who, at enrollment, reported related pain conditions. Likewise, TMJD incidence was strongly associated with a checklist of 20 non-specific health conditions reported at enrollment, ranging from depression to sleep apnea. Yet, by virtue of the study design, study participants had no TMJD at enrollment, meaning that the related pain conditions and other health conditions did not „overlap” concurrently with TMJD. Instead, they represent risk factors for development of TMJD. In fact, in multivariable analysis, related pain and other health conditions were among the strongest predictors of first-onset TMD. Furthermore, their effects on risk of developing TMJD were independent of conventional risk factors for TMJD. […] Impaired general health, whether painful or not, is an important risk factor for development of painful TMJD.

• #47 Signs and symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorders in elderly population treated within the public hospital network of Medellin (Colombia) | Revista Odontológica Mexicana

  https://www.elsevier.es/en-revista-revista-odontologica-mexicana-90-articulo-signs-symptoms-temporomandibular-joint-disorders-S1870199X16300428

  Signs and symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorders in elderly population treated within the public hospital network of Medellin (Colombia) […] To determine prevalence of temporomandibular joint disorders signs and symptoms of elderly adults in Medellin as well as related factors. […] Prevalence of severe symptoms was higher in males (32%), females exhibited higher prevalence of mild symptoms (18.8%); differences were found according to socio-demographic factors. […] Further epidemiological surveillance systems are required in order to suitably and clearly establish associations found in the present study. […] The Third National Study of Oral Health (Estudio Nacional de Salud Bucal III ENSAB) showed that subjects over 55 years of age exhibited high prevalence of severe symptoms related to temporomandibular disorders.

• #48 Signs and symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorders in elderly population treated within the public hospital network of Medellin (Colombia) | Revista Odontológica Mexicana

  https://www.elsevier.es/en-revista-revista-odontologica-mexicana-90-articulo-signs-symptoms-temporomandibular-joint-disorders-S1870199X16300428

  Relevance of providing clarification of real circumstances of temporomandibular disorders found in elderly patients lies in the fact that early detection and proper handling of these disorders contribute to avoid a progression to masticatory function deterioration, as well as nutritional circumstances, speech, presence of myofascial pain, perception of health and, in general terms, quality of life of elderly population. […] It is important to establish specific treatment and interventions to alleviate disorders and conduct experimental studies in order to assess efficiency and effectiveness of these therapeutic interventions. […] To conclude, it can be said that epidemiologic vigilance systems of oral health indicators need to be reinforced including other conditions, incorporating a perspective of the human vital cycle and encompassing variables to trace inequality situations.

• #49 The use of neuromodulators in the management of TMJ disorders | The PMFA Journal

  https://www.thepmfajournal.com/features/post/the-use-of-neuromodulators-in-the-management-of-tmj-disorders

  TMD is the most prevalent orofacial pain of non-dental origin, with figures of up to 30% quoted in some literature. […] Since only a small proportion of patients seek medical help, and due to the vast diversity of symptoms, with no internationally accepted standard of diagnosis, the problem is grossly under-estimated and epidemiological data at present is inadequate. […] Further research is required for the safe and effective use of neuromodulators in this common disorder.

• #50 Temporomandibular disorders with low pain-related impairment

  https://ohi-s.com/articles-videos/natural-course-of-temporomandibular-disorders-with-low-pain-related-impairment-a-2-to-3-year-follow-up-study/

  Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are heterogeneous conditions affecting the temporomandibular joints (TMJ), the jaw muscles, or both. The description of the natural course of disease is fundamental to get deeper into the epidemiology of such disorders and to appraise critically all the studies on treatment effectiveness. The present investigation described the natural course of TMD signs and symptoms in patients with low levels of pain-related impairment, independently by the physical diagnoses they received, with the aim to gain a better insight into the epidemiological features of TMD. The literature on the epidemiology of TMD suggested that the majority of patients have a positive symptoms course. Descriptive prevalence data have been gathered in large sample multicentre investigations, but information on the natural course of TMD symptoms in specific populations of patients with certain levels of psychosocial impairment was missing. The main overall finding was that a positive course over a 2-to-3 year span was described, with self-remission of symptoms in most cases, independently by the physical diagnoses received by the patients at base-line. The findings support the need for identifying TMD populations based on their psychosocial impairment as an important issue to consider when assessing TMD epidemiology.

• #51 TMJ RoundTable – The TMJ Association

  https://tmj.org/living-with-tmj/tmj-implants/tmj-roundtable-project/

  TMJ disorders including risk factors, disease mechanisms, clinical treatment practices and how these interact to affect patient outcomes for all treatments. […] The goal is to establish a scientifically valid roadmap that can reliably predict treatment outcomes for individual patients. […] The RoundTable reconvened on May 11, 2018, again at FDA headquarters, to provide updates on the Working Groups progress, identify critical gaps in TMD knowledge, and outline data needs for the development of high-quality, real-world evidence. […] This data is vital to better understand the wide variability in patient care pathways and outcomes. […] In response, development of the TMJ Coordinated Registry Network (TMJ-CRN) was launched in 2019. […] Publications resulting from the RT Working Groups include: Building the foundation for a modern patient-partnered infrastructure to study temporomandibular disorders. […] Advancing the Real-World Evidence for Medical Devices through Coordinated Registry Networks.

• #52 Epidemiology of temporomandibular joint disorders and related painful conditions | Molecular Pain | Full Text

  https://molecularpain.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1744-8069-10-S1-O16

  Epidemiology uncovers patterns of disease distribution in human populations and seeks determinants of those patterns. With recent emphasis on chronic pain as „a disease in itself”, it is informative to compare how the distribution of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMJD) compares with that of related pain conditions. Over two decades of National Health Interview Surveys (1989 to 2009), the prevalence of self-reported TMJD symptoms remained stable, affecting 5% of U.S. adults. In 2009, prevalence was greater in females than males, and increased with age to midlife before decreasing in older age. While racial- and ethnic-group differences were small, there was a pronounced income gradient, with greater prevalence at lower household income. Similar distributions according to gender, age and income occurred for headache and neck pain, although not for low back pain. There was also marked overlap of TMJD with those related pain conditions, irrespective of whether they occurred above or below the shoulders.

• #53 Epidemiology of temporomandibular joint disorders and related painful conditions | Molecular Pain | Full Text

  https://molecularpain.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1744-8069-10-S1-O16

  Epidemiology uncovers patterns of disease distribution in human populations and seeks determinants of those patterns. With recent emphasis on chronic pain as „a disease in itself”, it is informative to compare how the distribution of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMJD) compares with that of related pain conditions. Over two decades of National Health Interview Surveys (1989 to 2009), the prevalence of self-reported TMJD symptoms remained stable, affecting 5% of U.S. adults. In 2009, prevalence was greater in females than males, and increased with age to midlife before decreasing in older age. While racial- and ethnic-group differences were small, there was a pronounced income gradient, with greater prevalence at lower household income. Similar distributions according to gender, age and income occurred for headache and neck pain, although not for low back pain. There was also marked overlap of TMJD with those related pain conditions, irrespective of whether they occurred above or below the shoulders.

• #54 Temporomandibular Disorders: Rapid Evidence Review | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2023/0100/temporomandibular-disorders.html

  Temporomandibular disorders affect between 5% and 12% of the population and present with symptoms such as headache, bruxism, pain at the temporomandibular joint, jaw popping or clicking, neck pain, tinnitus, dizziness, decreased hearing, and hyperacuity to sound. […] The prevalence of TMDs is between 5% and 12%. […] Managing TMDs is estimated to cost $4 billion annually in the United States. […] TMDs have a bimodal peak at 21 and 53 years of age with a female-to-male ratio of 3-to-1. […] TMDs occur due to complex interactions involving biomechanical, psychosocial, and genetic factors. […] TMDs are classified as chronic if they persist for more than three months.

• #55 Epidemiology of temporomandibular joint disorders and related painful conditions | Molecular Pain | Full Text

  https://molecularpain.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1744-8069-10-S1-O16

  Epidemiology uncovers patterns of disease distribution in human populations and seeks determinants of those patterns. With recent emphasis on chronic pain as „a disease in itself”, it is informative to compare how the distribution of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMJD) compares with that of related pain conditions. Over two decades of National Health Interview Surveys (1989 to 2009), the prevalence of self-reported TMJD symptoms remained stable, affecting 5% of U.S. adults. In 2009, prevalence was greater in females than males, and increased with age to midlife before decreasing in older age. While racial- and ethnic-group differences were small, there was a pronounced income gradient, with greater prevalence at lower household income. Similar distributions according to gender, age and income occurred for headache and neck pain, although not for low back pain. There was also marked overlap of TMJD with those related pain conditions, irrespective of whether they occurred above or below the shoulders.

• #56 Prevalence of Clinical Signs and Symptoms of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders Registered in the EUROTMJ Database: A Prospective Study in a Portuguese Center

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/10/3553

  Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) are characterized by their multifactorial etiology and pathogenesis. A 3-year prospective study was conducted in a Portuguese TMDs department to study the prevalence of different TMDs signs and symptoms and their association with risk factors and comorbidities. It is estimated that TMDs affect about 31% of the adult population and 11% of children/adolescents. TMDs prevalence is significantly higher in women (female/male ratio 5:1) and younger subjects. Psychosocial, environmental, biological, and neurophysiological factors are considered etiological entities significantly associated with TMD symptoms. The most prominent symptoms are restricted joint function with alteration of the mandibular physiological dynamics, muscular or articular pain that intensifies with mastication, headache, and TMJ noises. This study attempts to evaluate and analyze the prevalence of TMD clinical signs and symptoms in a Portuguese TMD department and their association with various sociodemographic and individual factors such as age, gender, oral behaviors, risk factors, and other comorbidities. A total of 595 patients were registered in the EUROTMJ database. The mean age was 38.20 ± 15.73 years at the first visit, 479 (80.50%) of whom were female gender. The main complaints of the patients were TMJ clicking (13.26%), TMJ pain (12.49%), and masticatory muscle tension (12.15%). Five hundred twenty-seven patients were also questioned regarding the diagnosis of other diseases, and it was found that 226 (42.88%) of the patients had another illness, with 111 (21.06%) with one condition and 115 (21.82%) with two or more diseases. Potential risk factors described in the literature for triggering the onset of TMDs were also identified. In total, 53% of the patients presented at least one risk factor. The presence of other comorbidities has been shown to have a strong association with the degree of TMJ pain and myalgia. This study shows a correlation between mental behavioral and neurodevelopmental diseases with TMJ pain and myalgia.

• #57

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00784-023-05339-x

  This study was to investigate the causal relationship between temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and psychiatric disorders by Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. […] According to a recent study that examined the prevalence of TMD in the general population, TMD affected about 31% of adults and the elderly and 11% of children and adolescents. […] Previous research has identified psychiatric disorders as potential risk factors for TMD, with multiple observational studies demonstrating a strong association between TMD and mental symptoms like depression and anxiety. […] Our two-sample MR study has provided further evidence of PD and MDD being related to a higher risk of TMD. […] These findings highlight the importance of closely monitoring mental traits during future TMD treatments to prevent an increased risk of TMD.

• #58 Temporomandibular Disorders and Pain Syndromes | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/temporomandibular-joint-dysfunction-and-pain-syndromes

  TMJ symptoms are relatively common, although only about 5% seek medical help for their symptoms. TMDs can occur at any age but peak during the second and third decades of life. They are more common in women. […] A systematic review conducted in 2021 reported that the prevalence of TMDs in the general population was approximately 31% in adults and 11% in children. […] Temporomandibular symptoms are commonly found in musicians, particularly wind and string players. […] There is also an increase in symptoms among patients with schizophrenia. This is likely due to a number of factors including poor oral health and psychological factors as well as use of antipsychotic medication.

• #59

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00784-023-05339-x

  The results showed that PD and MDD have risk effects on TMD. […] Neuroticism and SCZ had a suggestive causal effect on TMD, whereas no significant evidence for causal effects was found in which TMD is relevant to these psychiatric traits in the reverse MR analyses. […] The presence of significant genetic correlations between TMD and psychiatric disorders suggests that they cannot be considered entirely independent disease entities. […] In conclusion, our two-sample MR study has provided further evidence of PD and MDD being related to a higher risk of TMD.

• #60

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00784-023-05339-x

  This study was to investigate the causal relationship between temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and psychiatric disorders by Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. […] According to a recent study that examined the prevalence of TMD in the general population, TMD affected about 31% of adults and the elderly and 11% of children and adolescents. […] Previous research has identified psychiatric disorders as potential risk factors for TMD, with multiple observational studies demonstrating a strong association between TMD and mental symptoms like depression and anxiety. […] Our two-sample MR study has provided further evidence of PD and MDD being related to a higher risk of TMD. […] These findings highlight the importance of closely monitoring mental traits during future TMD treatments to prevent an increased risk of TMD.

• #61

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00784-023-05339-x

  The results showed that PD and MDD have risk effects on TMD. […] Neuroticism and SCZ had a suggestive causal effect on TMD, whereas no significant evidence for causal effects was found in which TMD is relevant to these psychiatric traits in the reverse MR analyses. […] The presence of significant genetic correlations between TMD and psychiatric disorders suggests that they cannot be considered entirely independent disease entities. […] In conclusion, our two-sample MR study has provided further evidence of PD and MDD being related to a higher risk of TMD.

• #62 Rare diseases with temporomandibular joint manifestations: a systematic review

  https://www.oaepublish.com/articles/rdodj.2023.32

  A total of 54 RDs with TMJ manifestations and different TMD diagnoses were recorded. […] Overall, 13 different types of TMJ manifestations and TMD diagnoses were recorded in rare diseases. […] TMJ manifestations associated with rare diseases are not uncommon. […] A multidisciplinary approach to TMD patients with rare diseases is advisable. […] The estimated prevalence of RDs ranges from 3.5%-5.95% globally. […] TMD affects about 5%-12% of the general population, while some studies reported a higher incidence of TMD ranging from 25%-40%. […] TMD has a multifactorial etiology and consists of various contributing factors including trauma, either physical or emotional, biological processes such as aging, postural conditions such as abnormal head and cervical position, systemic predisposition, sleep disorders, and psychosocial alterations.

• #63 Rare diseases with temporomandibular joint manifestations: a systematic review

  https://www.oaepublish.com/articles/rdodj.2023.32

  Given the overlapping signs and symptoms among the majority of RDs and the scarcity of literature on RDs with TMJ manifestations, it is difficult to provide substantial evidence pinpointing specific TMD symptoms to particular rare diseases. […] Although TMJ manifestations are fewer in rare disease patients, it is important to recognize the signs and symptoms of TMD to enable the early diagnosis and the implementation of effective management strategies. […] In order to mitigate these issues, patient registries are thought to be a key step that can not only significantly improve disease classification but also contribute to developing an evidence-based personalized treatment for rare diseases with TMJ manifestations and other comorbidities.

• #64 A Meta-Analysis of the Global Prevalence of Temporomandibular Disorders

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/5/1365

  The incidence of TMDs in the world population was 34%. […] The prevalence of TMDs was significantly higher in South America (47%) compared to Asia (33%) and Europe (29%). […] This study suggests that geographical location may play a role in the epidemiology of TMDs. […] Larger epidemiological studies of TMDs in African and Australian populations are recommended.

• #65 Temporomandibular joint dysfunction – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temporomandibular_joint_dysfunction

  According to the most recent analyses of epidemiologic data using the RDC/TMD diagnostic criteria, of all TMD cases, group I (muscle disorders) accounts for 45.3%, group II (disc displacements) 41.1%, and group III (joint disorders) 30.1% (individuals may have diagnoses from more than one group). […] The highest prevalence of TMD (regardless of type) is in South America at 47%, followed by Asia at 33%, Europe at 29%, and North America at 26%.

• #66 A Meta-Analysis of the Global Prevalence of Temporomandibular Disorders

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/5/1365

  The incidence of TMDs in the world population was 34%. […] The prevalence of TMDs was significantly higher in South America (47%) compared to Asia (33%) and Europe (29%). […] This study suggests that geographical location may play a role in the epidemiology of TMDs. […] Larger epidemiological studies of TMDs in African and Australian populations are recommended.

• #67 A Meta-Analysis of the Global Prevalence of Temporomandibular Disorders

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/5/1365

  The incidence of TMDs in the world population was 34%. […] The prevalence of TMDs was significantly higher in South America (47%) compared to Asia (33%) and Europe (29%). […] This study suggests that geographical location may play a role in the epidemiology of TMDs. […] Larger epidemiological studies of TMDs in African and Australian populations are recommended.

• #68 Epidemiology of temporomandibular joint disorders and related painful conditions | Molecular Pain | Full Text

  https://molecularpain.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1744-8069-10-S1-O16

  Epidemiology uncovers patterns of disease distribution in human populations and seeks determinants of those patterns. With recent emphasis on chronic pain as „a disease in itself”, it is informative to compare how the distribution of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMJD) compares with that of related pain conditions. Over two decades of National Health Interview Surveys (1989 to 2009), the prevalence of self-reported TMJD symptoms remained stable, affecting 5% of U.S. adults. In 2009, prevalence was greater in females than males, and increased with age to midlife before decreasing in older age. While racial- and ethnic-group differences were small, there was a pronounced income gradient, with greater prevalence at lower household income. Similar distributions according to gender, age and income occurred for headache and neck pain, although not for low back pain. There was also marked overlap of TMJD with those related pain conditions, irrespective of whether they occurred above or below the shoulders.

• #69

  https://juniperpublishers.com/adoh/ADOH.MS.ID.555787.php

  A randomized population study carried out in Germany which looked at 7,008 subjects showed that half of the subjects had one or more clinical signs of TMD. […] Studies assessed in this review showed the prevalence of signs and symptoms of TMD in the general population varied greatly, ranging from 1% to 75%, when established on clinical evaluation, and 6% to 75% when based on pain questionnaires only. […] When reviewing the literature, it was found that there are three main factors that should be considered when looking at the epidemiology of TMD. These include gender, age and emotional or psychosocial status. […] The present review article shows that there is a large percentage of the population suffering from TMD, younger females and those suffering from depression and/or anxiety. […] This review did however outline that, the prevalence peaks between the ages of 25-45, women suffer more than men and added psychosocial issues lead to a greater prevalence and intensity of TMD symptoms. […] It was also noted that there seems to be an increase in TMD prevalence in the general population over recent decades.

• #70

  https://juniperpublishers.com/adoh/ADOH.MS.ID.555787.php

  A randomized population study carried out in Germany which looked at 7,008 subjects showed that half of the subjects had one or more clinical signs of TMD. […] Studies assessed in this review showed the prevalence of signs and symptoms of TMD in the general population varied greatly, ranging from 1% to 75%, when established on clinical evaluation, and 6% to 75% when based on pain questionnaires only. […] When reviewing the literature, it was found that there are three main factors that should be considered when looking at the epidemiology of TMD. These include gender, age and emotional or psychosocial status. […] The present review article shows that there is a large percentage of the population suffering from TMD, younger females and those suffering from depression and/or anxiety. […] This review did however outline that, the prevalence peaks between the ages of 25-45, women suffer more than men and added psychosocial issues lead to a greater prevalence and intensity of TMD symptoms. […] It was also noted that there seems to be an increase in TMD prevalence in the general population over recent decades.

• #71 Epidemiology of temporomandibular joint disorders and related painful conditions | Molecular Pain | Full Text

  https://molecularpain.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1744-8069-10-S1-O16

  Epidemiology uncovers patterns of disease distribution in human populations and seeks determinants of those patterns. With recent emphasis on chronic pain as „a disease in itself”, it is informative to compare how the distribution of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMJD) compares with that of related pain conditions. Over two decades of National Health Interview Surveys (1989 to 2009), the prevalence of self-reported TMJD symptoms remained stable, affecting 5% of U.S. adults. In 2009, prevalence was greater in females than males, and increased with age to midlife before decreasing in older age. While racial- and ethnic-group differences were small, there was a pronounced income gradient, with greater prevalence at lower household income. Similar distributions according to gender, age and income occurred for headache and neck pain, although not for low back pain. There was also marked overlap of TMJD with those related pain conditions, irrespective of whether they occurred above or below the shoulders.

• #72 Signs and symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorders in elderly population treated within the public hospital network of Medellin (Colombia) | Revista Odontológica Mexicana

  https://www.elsevier.es/en-revista-revista-odontologica-mexicana-90-articulo-signs-symptoms-temporomandibular-joint-disorders-S1870199X16300428

  Relevance of providing clarification of real circumstances of temporomandibular disorders found in elderly patients lies in the fact that early detection and proper handling of these disorders contribute to avoid a progression to masticatory function deterioration, as well as nutritional circumstances, speech, presence of myofascial pain, perception of health and, in general terms, quality of life of elderly population. […] It is important to establish specific treatment and interventions to alleviate disorders and conduct experimental studies in order to assess efficiency and effectiveness of these therapeutic interventions. […] To conclude, it can be said that epidemiologic vigilance systems of oral health indicators need to be reinforced including other conditions, incorporating a perspective of the human vital cycle and encompassing variables to trace inequality situations.

• #73 Jaw disorders – Knowledge @ AMBOSS

  https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/jaw-disorders/

  The most common disorders affecting the jaw are temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders and jaw dislocation. TMJ disorders include conditions that cause myalgias, arthralgia, headaches, and biomechanical dysfunction in and around the TMJ. They commonly affect young adults and are likely multifactorial in origin. […] Epidemiology: commonly affects young adults (prevalence 15-31%; peak age 20-40 years). […] The etiology of TMJ disorders (TMDs) is likely multifactorial and involves: […] TMJ disorders are clinical diagnoses. […] Diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (DC/TMD) are used clinically and for research. […] Most patients can be discharged after successful reduction.

• #74 Considerations in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Temporomandibular Disorders in Children and Adolescents: A Review

  https://www.journalomp.org/journal/view.html?doi=10.14476/jomp.2023.48.3.75

  Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are a group of musculoskeletal disorders that encompass symptoms caused by abnormalities of the craniofacial structures of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), muscles involved in the masticatory system, and other related tissues or structures. […] Although TMDs can occur at any age, research on the prevalence, epidemiology, and treatment strategies of TMDs has been conducted in all age groups, but primarily in adults. […] Studies of the prevalence, epidemiology, and treatment strategies for TMDs have been conducted in all age groups, but mainly in adults. […] Therefore, it is crucial to recognize TMD pain in children and adolescents as early as possible to prevent it from becoming chronic. […] Trauma and systemic disease may not have a direct effect at the time of presentation but can alter condylar growth and result in facial asymmetry and skeletal deformities.

• #75 Considerations in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Temporomandibular Disorders in Children and Adolescents: A Review

  https://www.journalomp.org/journal/view.html?doi=10.14476/jomp.2023.48.3.75

  Adolescents with TMDs have higher rates of anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, fatigue, and poorer quality of life than pain-free youths do. […] Recently, the DC/TMD, which was validated for reliability in adults, was modified and published for diagnosis in children and adolescents. […] Based on the adjusted diagnostic criteria, we hope that research on TMD in children and adolescents will be systematically and actively conducted.

• #76 Frontiers | Prevalence of temporomandibular disorders and its association with malocclusion in children: A transversal study

  https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2022.860833/full

  According to previous studies in European countries, TMD prevalence rates were 26.5% in Poland and 28.21% among subjects aged 12–15 years and 22.58% among those aged 5–11 years in Italy. […] Epidemiological studies on TMD carried out in children apply the same methods as those used for adults. However, adjustments should be made, considering the different growth patterns of the masticatory system and the different levels of understanding and ability to discriminate against different situations in childhood. […] This study aims to establish the prevalence of TMJ disorders in developmental age and to assess the relationship with malocclusions. […] The results in the current study indicate that the prevalence of TMDs is 26.17% in patients with Chieti and 21.83% in patients with Murcia, considering joint sounds, the presence of sleep and awake bruxism, and opening deviation as pathognomonic signs.

• #77

  https://journals.lww.com/aomr/fulltext/2015/27040/prevalence_of_temporomandibular_disorders_in.2.aspx

  This study aimed to determine the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) in Chennai city population. […] Epidemiological studies have estimated that approximately 50-75% of the population exhibit some signs of TMDs. […] The results of this study show that a significant percentage of the population has signs of TMDs and there are chances that they may develop symptoms of TMDs. […] A significant percentage of the population has signs of TMDs. In our study, more than half of the study sample (53.7%) had one or more clinical signs and symptoms of TMD. […] The influence of age on signs and symptoms of TMD was less pronounced, with the exception of crepitation as well as limited maximum mouth opening, which significantly increased with age in both males and females. […] The representative TMD prevalence values determined in this study were compared to those of other studies – Exclusively studies with random samples – That fulfilled the criteria similar to those of the present study, and were therefore adequately comparable. […] In our study, TMDs were present in 50.9% males and 59% females. Females showed a higher prevalence of TMDs compared to males. […] A review on epidemiological literature about TMD found TMD to be approximately twice as common in women as in men.

• #78 Epidemiology of temporomandibular joint disorders and related painful conditions | Molecular Pain | Full Text

  https://molecularpain.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1744-8069-10-S1-O16

  In order to understand reasons for this overlap, prospective studies of TMJD incidence are needed to discover determinants of the disease. In the community-based OPPERA prospective cohort study, TMJD incidence was measured in 2,737 adults aged 18-44 years who had no significant history of TMJD when enrolled. During three years of follow-up, 19% of people per annum developed TMD symptoms and for a quarter of symptomatic episodes, pain intensity was severe. Examiner-verified, first-onset TMJD developed at an annual rate of 3.5% per annum, although the rate was approximately doubled in study participants who, at enrollment, reported related pain conditions. Likewise, TMJD incidence was strongly associated with a checklist of 20 non-specific health conditions reported at enrollment, ranging from depression to sleep apnea. Yet, by virtue of the study design, study participants had no TMJD at enrollment, meaning that the related pain conditions and other health conditions did not „overlap” concurrently with TMJD. Instead, they represent risk factors for development of TMJD. In fact, in multivariable analysis, related pain and other health conditions were among the strongest predictors of first-onset TMD. Furthermore, their effects on risk of developing TMJD were independent of conventional risk factors for TMJD. […] Impaired general health, whether painful or not, is an important risk factor for development of painful TMJD.

• #79

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00784-023-05339-x

  This study was to investigate the causal relationship between temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and psychiatric disorders by Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. […] According to a recent study that examined the prevalence of TMD in the general population, TMD affected about 31% of adults and the elderly and 11% of children and adolescents. […] Previous research has identified psychiatric disorders as potential risk factors for TMD, with multiple observational studies demonstrating a strong association between TMD and mental symptoms like depression and anxiety. […] Our two-sample MR study has provided further evidence of PD and MDD being related to a higher risk of TMD. […] These findings highlight the importance of closely monitoring mental traits during future TMD treatments to prevent an increased risk of TMD.

• #80 Epidemiology of temporomandibular joint disorders and related painful conditions | Molecular Pain | Full Text

  https://molecularpain.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1744-8069-10-S1-O16

  In order to understand reasons for this overlap, prospective studies of TMJD incidence are needed to discover determinants of the disease. In the community-based OPPERA prospective cohort study, TMJD incidence was measured in 2,737 adults aged 18-44 years who had no significant history of TMJD when enrolled. During three years of follow-up, 19% of people per annum developed TMD symptoms and for a quarter of symptomatic episodes, pain intensity was severe. Examiner-verified, first-onset TMJD developed at an annual rate of 3.5% per annum, although the rate was approximately doubled in study participants who, at enrollment, reported related pain conditions. Likewise, TMJD incidence was strongly associated with a checklist of 20 non-specific health conditions reported at enrollment, ranging from depression to sleep apnea. Yet, by virtue of the study design, study participants had no TMJD at enrollment, meaning that the related pain conditions and other health conditions did not „overlap” concurrently with TMJD. Instead, they represent risk factors for development of TMJD. In fact, in multivariable analysis, related pain and other health conditions were among the strongest predictors of first-onset TMD. Furthermore, their effects on risk of developing TMJD were independent of conventional risk factors for TMJD. […] Impaired general health, whether painful or not, is an important risk factor for development of painful TMJD.

• #81 Temporomandibular joint and craniofacial research | University of Oulu

  https://www.oulu.fi/en/research-groups/temporomandibular-joint-and-craniofacial-research

  Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are common in all age groups. The aim is to study epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis and treatment of TMD. […] New molecular biological methods used in experimental animal studies give more knowledge about TMJ pathology and clarify multifactorial etiology of TMD.

• #82 Longitudinal surveillance of serum titanium ion levels in patients with indigenous 3D printed total temporomandibular joint replacement | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-33229-5

  The purpose of this longitudinal study was to surveil the serum titanium ion levels at various time intervals in patients with indigenous 3D-printed total temporomandibular joint replacement (TMJ TJR). […] Further studies with large sample sizes and long-term follow-ups are required to see the deleterious effect if any on the TMJ TJR. […] There is abundant literature evidence in orthopedics regarding the serum metal ion levels and their consequences in total joint replacement, but there is dearth of literature in TMJ TJR patients. […] This paucity of literature has created curiosity to design a study that will give an insight into the serum levels of titanium in TMJ TJR patients. […] In this longitudinal study, at T0, the mean serum level of titanium observed were higher than the reference range set by mayo laboratories (than 1 ng/L).

• #83 Longitudinal surveillance of serum titanium ion levels in patients with indigenous 3D printed total temporomandibular joint replacement | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-33229-5

  At T1 and T2, there is a significant rise in serum titanium levels (p=0.009) and (p=0.032) respectively. […] The initial wear phase may denote the running-in period of the prosthesis which states that the simulatory effect of cyclic load on the prosthesis causes the release of metal ions as a result of abrasion. […] The present study will give an idea as to what is happening with metal ion release in these joints after being implanted into the patients. […] Longitudinal study design like ours has the advantage of exploring patterns of change and dynamics of titanium ion levels with time, but the constraints include a small number of analyzed subjects and a short follow-up. […] This preliminary research concluded that serum titanium ion levels increased after TMJ TJR. […] Further studies with large sample sizes and long-term follow-up are required to see the deleterious effect if any, of patient specific TMJ TJR on human body.

• #84 Temporomandibular joint and craniofacial research | University of Oulu

  https://www.oulu.fi/en/research-groups/temporomandibular-joint-and-craniofacial-research

  Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are common in all age groups. The aim is to study epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis and treatment of TMD. […] New molecular biological methods used in experimental animal studies give more knowledge about TMJ pathology and clarify multifactorial etiology of TMD.

• #85 Malignant tumours of temporomandibular joint | BMC Cancer | Full Text

  https://bmccancer.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12885-020-07425-9

  Malignant tumours of the temporomandibular joint (MTTMJ) are extremely rare. Studies describing its unique epidemiology, clinicopathological features, treatment and prognosis comprehensively are limited. […] Because MTTMJ is rare, there is lack of instructive data to characterize its unique epidemiology, clinicopathological features, treatment and prognosis comprehensively. A nationwide population-based cohort may provide an opportunity to address these issues. Thus, we performed current retrospective analysis by using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (19732016). […] For the first time, we attempted to conduct a retrospective study on the epidemiological characteristics, clinicopathologic features, treatment, survival and prognostic factors of TMJ malignancy with the largest sample size. The study results demonstrate that MTTMJ mostly occurred in white people and that the median age at diagnosis was 47years. There was no significant morbidity or mortality difference by sex. The patients age and AJCC stage were independently associated with OS and DSS.

• #86 Prevalence of TMJD and its Signs and Symptoms | Data & Statistics | National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research

  https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/research/data-statistics/facial-pain/prevalence

  The prevalence of temporomandibular joint and muscle disorder (TMJD) is between 5% and 12%. […] TMJ disorders are at least twice as prevalent in women as men, and women using either supplemental estrogen or oral contraceptives are more likely to seek treatment for these conditions. […] The measurement of facial pain and TMJD is complicated. There is no standard definition for TMJD; it is measured by asking about various types and durations of muscle, joint, and facial pain, difficulty with chewing, joint sounds, etc.

• #87 Temporomandibular Disorders: Rapid Evidence Review | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2023/0100/temporomandibular-disorders.html

  Temporomandibular disorders affect between 5% and 12% of the population and present with symptoms such as headache, bruxism, pain at the temporomandibular joint, jaw popping or clicking, neck pain, tinnitus, dizziness, decreased hearing, and hyperacuity to sound. […] The prevalence of TMDs is between 5% and 12%. […] Managing TMDs is estimated to cost $4 billion annually in the United States. […] TMDs have a bimodal peak at 21 and 53 years of age with a female-to-male ratio of 3-to-1. […] TMDs occur due to complex interactions involving biomechanical, psychosocial, and genetic factors. […] TMDs are classified as chronic if they persist for more than three months.

• #88 Temporomandibular disorders in adults – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/temporomandibular-disorders-in-adults

  Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are common, with a systematic review suggesting a prevalence as high as 31 percent in adults and 11 percent in children. […] TMD is associated with substantial morbidity, affecting quality of life and work productivity. As an example, it is estimated that for every 100 million working adults in the United States, TMD contributes to 17.8 million lost workdays annually. […] TMD patients have also been shown to use health care services at a higher rate, with a mean health care expenditure that is 1.6 times higher when compared with non-TMD individuals.

• #89 Signs and symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorders in elderly population treated within the public hospital network of Medellin (Colombia) | Revista Odontológica Mexicana

  https://www.elsevier.es/en-revista-revista-odontologica-mexicana-90-articulo-signs-symptoms-temporomandibular-joint-disorders-S1870199X16300428

  Relevance of providing clarification of real circumstances of temporomandibular disorders found in elderly patients lies in the fact that early detection and proper handling of these disorders contribute to avoid a progression to masticatory function deterioration, as well as nutritional circumstances, speech, presence of myofascial pain, perception of health and, in general terms, quality of life of elderly population. […] It is important to establish specific treatment and interventions to alleviate disorders and conduct experimental studies in order to assess efficiency and effectiveness of these therapeutic interventions. […] To conclude, it can be said that epidemiologic vigilance systems of oral health indicators need to be reinforced including other conditions, incorporating a perspective of the human vital cycle and encompassing variables to trace inequality situations.

• #90 TMJ RoundTable – The TMJ Association

  https://tmj.org/living-with-tmj/tmj-implants/tmj-roundtable-project/

  TMJ disorders including risk factors, disease mechanisms, clinical treatment practices and how these interact to affect patient outcomes for all treatments. […] The goal is to establish a scientifically valid roadmap that can reliably predict treatment outcomes for individual patients. […] The RoundTable reconvened on May 11, 2018, again at FDA headquarters, to provide updates on the Working Groups progress, identify critical gaps in TMD knowledge, and outline data needs for the development of high-quality, real-world evidence. […] This data is vital to better understand the wide variability in patient care pathways and outcomes. […] In response, development of the TMJ Coordinated Registry Network (TMJ-CRN) was launched in 2019. […] Publications resulting from the RT Working Groups include: Building the foundation for a modern patient-partnered infrastructure to study temporomandibular disorders. […] Advancing the Real-World Evidence for Medical Devices through Coordinated Registry Networks.

• #91 Temporal Mandibular Joint Syndrome | PM&R KnowledgeNow

  https://now.aapmr.org/temporal-mandibular-joint-syndrome/

  Symptoms of TMD are common in all age groups. Incidence of TMD increases with age, with a peak incidence of 4.5% within the 35-44 year old age range. TMDs are significantly more common in females than in males, with population-based studies indicating that females are at approximately twice the risk of experiencing TMD as males. Age has also been shown to be a factor in the incidence of TMDs, with prevalence as high as 31% in adults and 11% in children. The association of race/ethnicity with TMDs is currently not well understood. […] Given TMD consists of multiple contributing disorders, the fragmentation across health professionals and researchers needs to be more coordinated. Focusing on patient-centered care while creating more consistent protocols of assessment, management and treatment is in development across several committees and consortiums.

• #92

  https://journals.lww.com/jpcd/fulltext/2017/07001/assessing_prevalence_of_temporomandibular.5.aspx

  The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) among university students. […] The importance of the epidemiology of TMDs is due to its complex etiology, wide age range of manifestations, and the knowledge that its treatment requires multiple diagnostic methods and therapeutic approaches to completely alleviate its signs and symptoms. […] A large number of epidemiological studies have been conducted on the epidemiology of TMDs on patient and nonpatient populations. […] The results of this study revealed the presence of at least mild TMD in the subjects who reported any TMJ disturbance. […] The relationship between orthodontic therapy and TMDs were also evaluated using the additional questions in the questionnaire. […] There was a significant association between history of trauma and the presence of TMDs. […] Identification and follow-up of the prevalence and health-care needs of patients with TMDs are recommended with longitudinal studies.

• #93 TMJ CRN | MDEpiNet Site

  https://www.mdepinet.net/tmj

  TMDs are common disabling conditions and from 6% to 12% of the population is estimated to experience clinical symptoms. […] The 2020 NASEM report on TMD states, Studies assessing the direct and indirect costs specific to a TMD diagnosis are rare. Research into the direct and indirect costs of TMD is needed, especially in light of the changing policies around health care delivery. […] The RoundTable concluded that a strategically Coordinated Registry Network (CRN) is needed to collect and generate accessible data on TMD and its care that is sufficiently relevant and reliable. This is necessary to better understand the disparate treatment pathways and outcomes that patients experience. […] The TMJ-CRN aims to develop the foundation for a national infrastructure for capturing real-world evidence in the TMD clinical space.

• #94 TMJ CRN | MDEpiNet Site

  https://www.mdepinet.net/tmj

  The main objective of the TMJ-CRN is to develop a standardized data infrastructure for capturing patient-generated data, physician experience, and other healthcare ecosystem data necessary to better understand the disparate treatment pathways and outcomes that patients experience. […] The accomplishment of these goals will begin to fill in gaps in our knowledge of treatment outcomes and help establish scientifically based clinical treatment guidelines.

• #95 Temporal Mandibular Joint Syndrome | PM&R KnowledgeNow

  https://now.aapmr.org/temporal-mandibular-joint-syndrome/

  Symptoms of TMD are common in all age groups. Incidence of TMD increases with age, with a peak incidence of 4.5% within the 35-44 year old age range. TMDs are significantly more common in females than in males, with population-based studies indicating that females are at approximately twice the risk of experiencing TMD as males. Age has also been shown to be a factor in the incidence of TMDs, with prevalence as high as 31% in adults and 11% in children. The association of race/ethnicity with TMDs is currently not well understood. […] Given TMD consists of multiple contributing disorders, the fragmentation across health professionals and researchers needs to be more coordinated. Focusing on patient-centered care while creating more consistent protocols of assessment, management and treatment is in development across several committees and consortiums.

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