Zaburzenia lękowe – Epidemiologia

Zaburzenia lękowe
Epidemiologia

Zaburzenia lękowe stanowią najczęściej diagnozowaną grupę zaburzeń psychicznych na świecie, dotykając około 301 milionów osób, co odpowiada 4,05% globalnej populacji. W latach 1990-2019 liczba przypadków wzrosła o ponad 50%, a w 2019 roku odnotowano 45,82 miliona nowych zachorowań oraz 28,68 miliona lat życia skorygowanych niepełnosprawnością (DALYs). Najwyższe wskaźniki występowania obserwuje się w krajach o wysokim dochodzie, takich jak USA (19,1% rocznie, 31,1% w ciągu życia) i Australia (17,2% w ciągu 12 miesięcy). Zaburzenia lękowe rozpoczynają się zwykle we wczesnym wieku, z szczytem zachorowalności w grupie 10-14 lat, a ich rozpowszechnienie maleje po 45. roku życia. Kobiety są diagnozowane dwukrotnie częściej niż mężczyźni, choć wzrost zachorowalności w ostatnich dekadach jest wyższy u mężczyzn. Najczęstsze podtypy to fobie specyficzne (8-12%), zaburzenie lękowe społeczne (7%) oraz zaburzenie paniki (2-3%).

Epidemiologia zaburzeń lękowych

Rozpowszechnienie globalne
Rozpowszechnienie w poszczególnych regionach
Rozpowszechnienie poszczególnych typów zaburzeń lękowych
Różnice demograficzne w rozpowszechnieniu
Trendy czasowe i przewidywania
Czynniki ryzyka i obciążenie chorobą
Współwystępowanie i implikacje kliniczne
Metody nadzoru i oceny
Luka w leczeniu i implikacje dla zdrowia publicznego
Stygmatyzacja i percepcja społeczna

Wnioski z badań epidemiologicznych

Kolejne rozdziały

Epidemiologia zaburzeń lękowych

Zaburzenia lękowe stanowią najczęstszą grupę zaburzeń psychicznych na świecie, wpływając znacząco na funkcjonowanie społeczne, zawodowe i osobiste dotkniętych nimi osób. Według najnowszych globalnych danych epidemiologicznych, zaburzenia lękowe dotykają około 301 milionów ludzi na świecie, co stanowi około 4,05% globalnej populacji¹². Liczba osób dotkniętych tymi zaburzeniami wzrosła o ponad 55% w latach 1990-2019, wskazując na rosnący globalny problem zdrowia psychicznego³.

Rozpowszechnienie globalne

Badania epidemiologiczne konsekwentnie dokumentują, że zaburzenia lękowe są najbardziej rozpowszechnioną klasą zaburzeń psychicznych⁴. Według danych z Global Burden of Disease Study z 2019 roku, globalnie zidentyfikowano 45,82 miliona nowych przypadków zaburzeń lękowych, 301,39 miliona przypadków występujących oraz 28,68 miliona DALYs (lat życia skorygowanych niepełnosprawnością)⁵. Chociaż standaryzowane względem wieku wskaźniki obciążenia zaburzeniami lękowymi pozostały stabilne w ciągu ostatnich trzech dekad, bezwzględna liczba przypadków wzrosła o 50% od 1990 roku⁶.

Rozpowszechnienie zaburzeń lękowych wykazuje znaczne zróżnicowanie geograficzne. Przegląd systematyczny obejmujący 89 krajów ujawnił wahania częstości występowania od 0,9% w Chinach do 28,3% w Afganistanie⁷. Według badań World Mental Health Surveys, najwyższe wskaźniki występowania zaburzeń lękowych odnotowano w krajach o wysokim dochodzie, szczególnie w Australii, Stanach Zjednoczonych i krajach europejskich⁸.

Rozpowszechnienie w poszczególnych regionach

W Stanach Zjednoczonych szacuje się, że 19,1% dorosłych doświadczyło zaburzeń lękowych w ciągu ostatniego roku, a 31,1% doświadcza tych zaburzeń w jakimś momencie życia⁹. Według National Institute of Mental Health, zaburzenia lękowe są najczęstszymi zaburzeniami psychicznymi w USA, z całożyciowym rozpowszechnieniem wynoszącym 28,8%¹⁰¹¹.

W Australii najnowsze dane z National Study of Mental Health and Wellbeing (2020-2022) wskazują, że 17,2% (3,4 miliona) osób w wieku 16-85 lat doświadczyło zaburzeń lękowych w ciągu 12 miesięcy, co czyni je najczęstszą grupą zaburzeń psychicznych¹².

W Indiach, według National Mental Health Survey z 2016 roku, ważone rozpowszechnienie zaburzeń lękowych wyniosło 2,57% wśród dorosłej populacji ogólnej, przy czym agorafobia była najczęstsza (1,6%), a następnie uogólnione zaburzenie lękowe (0,57%)¹³.

W Europie, Afryce i Azji, całożyciowe wskaźniki zaburzeń lękowych wahają się między 9% a 16%, a roczne wskaźniki między 4% a 7%¹⁴. Przegląd przeprowadzony w 2004 roku w Europie wykazał, że około jedna na cztery osoby spełniała kryteria przynajmniej jednego z zaburzeń DSM-IV w jakimś momencie życia, w tym zaburzeń lękowych (13,6%)¹⁵.

Rozpowszechnienie poszczególnych typów zaburzeń lękowych

Wśród zaburzeń lękowych, fobie specyficzne oraz zaburzenie lękowe społeczne (fobia społeczna) są najczęściej występującymi zaburzeniami¹⁶. Według danych z American Psychiatric Association, szacunkowe rozpowszechnienie różnych zaburzeń lękowych w USA w danym roku wynosi:

Fobie specyficzne: 8-12%
Zaburzenie lękowe społeczne: 7%
Zaburzenie paniki: 2-3%
Agorafobia: 1-1,7% (młodzież i dorośli; światowo)
Uogólnione zaburzenie lękowe: 0,9% (młodzież), 2,9% (dorośli)
Zaburzenie lękowe separacyjne: 4% (dzieci), 1,6% (młodzież), 0,9-1,9% (dorośli)
Mutyzm wybiórczy: 0,03-1,9% (USA, Europa, Izrael)¹⁷

Uogólnione zaburzenie lękowe (GAD) ma 12-miesięczne rozpowszechnienie szacowane na 2,9% dorosłej populacji ogólnej Stanów Zjednoczonych, podczas gdy średnie 12-miesięczne rozpowszechnienie na świecie wynosi 1,3% (z zakresem od 0,2% do 4,3%)¹⁸.

Zaburzenie lękowe społeczne (fobia społeczna) jest trzecim najczęstszym zaburzeniem psychicznym po depresji i zaburzeniach związanych z używaniem alkoholu, z 12-miesięcznym i całożyciowym rozpowszechnieniem wynoszącym odpowiednio 7,9% i 13,3% w USA¹⁹. Częstość występowania SAD jest znacznie wyższa w Stanach Zjednoczonych (7%) niż w innych krajach (0,5% do 2,0% na świecie)²⁰.

Zaburzenie paniki ma 12-miesięczne rozpowszechnienie w populacji ogólnej szacowane na około 2-3% u dorosłych i młodzieży w Stanach Zjednoczonych i kilku krajach europejskich²¹.

Różnice demograficzne w rozpowszechnieniu

Różnice płciowe

Konsekwentnie obserwuje się różnice płciowe w rozpowszechnieniu zaburzeń lękowych. Kobiety są dwa razy częściej diagnozowane z zaburzeniami lękowymi niż mężczyźni²². W USA roczne rozpowszechnienie jakiegokolwiek zaburzenia lękowego było wyższe u kobiet (23,4%) niż u mężczyzn (14,3%)²³. Stosunek kobiet do mężczyzn w przypadku jakiegokolwiek zaburzenia lękowego w ciągu życia wynosi 3:2²⁴.

Współczynnik zachorowalności na zaburzenia lękowe wśród kobiet był nieco wyższy niż u mężczyzn, szczególnie wśród osób w wieku 55-64 lat²⁵. Jednakże, analiza joinpoint regresji wykazała, że przyrosty średnich rocznych zmian procentowych w standaryzowanym według wieku współczynniku zachorowalności (0,068 vs 0,012) i ASDR (0,035 vs 0,015) dla zaburzeń lękowych globalnie były wyższe wśród mężczyzn niż kobiet²⁶.

Różnice wiekowe

Grupa wiekowa	Charakterystyka występowania	Szczególne obserwacje
Dzieci i młodzież	Wysoka częstość występowania, wczesny początek	31,9% młodzieży miało jakiekolwiek zaburzenie lękowe; wyższe u dziewcząt (38,0%) niż u chłopców (26,1%)
10-14 lat	Szczyt zachorowalności	Współczynnik zachorowalności wzrasta do szczytu w wieku 10-14 lat
15-44 lat	Utrzymujący się wysoki poziom	Relatywnie wysoki poziom do wieku 40-44 lat
45+ lat	Znaczny spadek	Spadek występowania u osób powyżej 45 roku życia
65+ lat	Najniższe wskaźniki	Naturalne zmniejszenie wskaźników rozpowszechnienia z wiekiem

Zaburzenia lękowe zazwyczaj rozpoczynają się we wczesnym wieku. Około 50% przypadków rozwija się do 11 roku życia, a 80% do 20 roku życia²⁷. Ten wczesny wiek początku może prowadzić do szczególnej podatności osób z zaburzeniami lękowymi na choroby depresyjne, używanie substancji i inne konflikty psychologiczne²⁸.

Częstość występowania zaburzeń lękowych wykazuje zależność od wieku, przy czym młodsze osoby mają wyższe wskaźniki. W Australii prawie dwie na pięć osób (38,8%) w wieku 16-24 lat miało 12-miesięczne zaburzenie psychiczne²⁹. Natomiast u osób starszych (w wieku 65 lat i więcej) rozpowszechnienie zaburzeń lękowych spada do około 0,4-0,7%³⁰.

Współczynnik zachorowalności na zaburzenia lękowe wzrósł do szczytu w wieku 10-14 lat, pozostał na relatywnie wysokim poziomie do wieku 40-44 lat, a następnie znacznie spadł u obu płci w 2019 roku³¹.

Różnice etniczne i socjoekonomiczne

Rozpowszechnienie zaburzeń lękowych różni się w zależności od grupy etnicznej i socjoekonomicznej. W Stanach Zjednoczonych respondenci, którzy byli biali, rdzenni Amerykanie lub Latynosi częściej byli diagnozowani z zaburzeniem lękowym w porównaniu do osób pochodzenia afroamerykańskiego³².

Rozpowszechnienie zaburzeń lękowych wydaje się wzrastać wraz z rozwojem socjoekonomicznym, wyższą zależną starszą populacją i urbanizacją³³. W Kanadzie, Nowa Szkocja miała najwyższe standaryzowane według wieku rozpowszechnienie korzystania z usług zdrowotnych z powodu zaburzeń nastroju i lękowych (11,6%), podczas gdy najniższe obserwowano w Terytoriach Północno-Zachodnich (5,8%)³⁴.

Trendy czasowe i przewidywania

Chociaż standaryzowane według wieku wskaźniki obciążenia zaburzeniami lękowymi pozostały stosunkowo stabilne w ciągu ostatnich trzech dekad, bezwzględna liczba przypadków zaburzeń lękowych wzrosła o 50% od 1990 roku³⁵. Przewidywany trend zachorowalności na zaburzenia lękowe w ciągu najbliższych 25 lat jest zgodny z obecnym trendem, z tendencją spadkową wśród kobiet i tendencją wzrostową wśród mężczyzn³⁶.

Standaryzowany według wieku współczynnik zachorowalności na zaburzenia lękowe znacząco wzrósł w regionach o średnim, niskim-średnim i niskim SDI (wskaźnik rozwoju społecznego) od 1990 do 2019 roku. Największy wzrost ASIR (standaryzowanego według wieku współczynnika zachorowalności) zaobserwowano w Ameryce Łacińskiej Tropikalnej, następnie w Ameryce Łacińskiej Środkowej i Azji Południowej, podczas gdy Azja Wschodnia, Azja Pacyficzna o wysokim dochodzie i Azja Środkowa wykazały tendencję spadkową wskaźników ASIR³⁷.

Czynniki ryzyka i obciążenie chorobą

Wyniki badań wykazały, że 7,07% globalnych DALYs spowodowanych zaburzeniami lękowymi można przypisać wiktymizacji przez znęcanie się w 2019 roku, szczególnie wśród populacji w wieku 5-39 lat, a odsetek ten wzrósł w prawie wszystkich krajach i terytoriach w porównaniu z 1990 rokiem³⁸³⁹.

Zaburzenia lękowe, podobnie jak inne schorzenia zdrowia psychicznego, wynikają ze złożonej interakcji czynników społecznych, psychologicznych i biologicznych⁴⁰. Skuteczne podejścia społeczne do zapobiegania lękowi obejmują edukację rodziców i programy szkolne mające na celu wzmocnienie uczenia się społecznego i emocjonalnego oraz budowanie pozytywnych strategii radzenia sobie u dzieci i młodzieży⁴¹.

Badania wskazują na znacząco wyższy odsetek depresji (31% vs 11%; p=0,001) i lęku (13,25% vs 6%; p=0,021) wśród osób z przewlekłymi chorobami w porównaniu do zdrowych kontroli⁴². Wykazano również wyższe rozpowszechnienie astmy i przewlekłej obturacyjnej choroby płuc (POChP), a w mniejszym stopniu choroby niedokrwiennej serca, cukrzycy i nadciśnienia wśród osób, które korzystały z usług zdrowotnych z powodu zaburzeń nastroju i lękowych w porównaniu do tych, które z nich nie korzystały⁴³.

Czynniki związane z COVID-19, takie jak długotrwała utrata węchu, były powiązane z cięższą depresją i lękiem. Pacjenci z zaburzeniami węchu mieli znacznie wyższy odsetek umiarkowanej i ciężkiej depresji i lęku niż osoby z nienaruszonym węchem⁴⁴.

Współwystępowanie i implikacje kliniczne

Zaburzenia lękowe często współwystępują z innymi zaburzeniami lękowymi oraz innymi zaburzeniami psychicznymi⁴⁵⁴⁶. W środowiskach klinicznych względna proporcja przypadków współwystępujących jest zwykle wyższa niż w reprezentatywnych badaniach populacyjnych, ponieważ osoby z dwoma jednocześnie występującymi zaburzeniami, cierpiące z powodu wysokiego ogólnego obciążenia, częściej szukają leczenia niż osoby z tylko jednym zaburzeniem⁴⁷.

Ze względu na ich wczesny wiek początku, zaburzenia lękowe są często temporalnie pierwszorzędnymi zaburzeniami w profilach współwystępowania, co rodzi pytanie, czy wczesne interwencje w leczeniu zaburzeń lękowych mogłyby mieć pozytywny wpływ na początek, utrzymywanie się lub nasilenie wtórnych zaburzeń, takich jak zaburzenia nastroju i używania substancji⁴⁸.

Wśród dorosłych z jakimkolwiek zaburzeniem lękowym, szacuje się, że 22,8% miało poważne upośledzenie, a 33,7% umiarkowane upośledzenie⁴⁹. Większość osób z jakimkolwiek zaburzeniem lękowym doświadczała łagodnego upośledzenia (43,5%)⁵⁰.

Metody nadzoru i oceny

Nadzór zdrowia psychicznego koncentruje się na określaniu rozpowszechnienia stanów zdrowotnych, może być wykorzystywany do monitorowania trendów i zmian w rozpowszechnieniu w subpopulacjach oraz zwiększa wiedzę na temat różnic socjodemograficznych i geograficznych we wskaźnikach zdrowia, co z kolei zwiększa wiedzę o społecznych determinantach zdrowia, które wpływają na równość zdrowotną⁵¹.

Jedynym sposobem uzyskania wiarygodnych wskaźników rozpowszechnienia jest tzw. badanie „doorknock”, w którym reprezentatywne próbki są zbierane przy użyciu metod znanych z sondaży populacyjnych⁵². W ostatnich latach przeprowadzono kilka reprezentatywnych badań, wykorzystując złożone metody pobierania próbek, dobrze zdefiniowane kryteria diagnostyczne, szczegółowe kwestionariusze i wyrafinowane metody statystyczne⁵³.

Kanadyjski System Nadzoru Chorób Przewlekłych (CCDSS) identyfikował osoby jako korzystające z usług zdrowotnych z powodu zaburzeń nastroju i lękowych, jeśli spełniały minimalne wymaganie co najmniej jednego roszczenia lekarskiego lub jednego wyciągu z wypisu ze szpitala w danym roku, wymieniającego kody diagnostyczne dla zaburzeń nastroju i lękowych z 9. lub 10. edycji Międzynarodowej Klasyfikacji Chorób⁵⁴.

Przy badaniu przesiewowym w kierunku zaburzeń lękowych, wynik 8 lub wyższy w skali GAD-7 (Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item) stanowi rozsądny punkt odcięcia do identyfikacji prawdopodobnych przypadków uogólnionego zaburzenia lękowego; dalsza ocena diagnostyczna jest uzasadniona w celu określenia obecności i typu zaburzenia lękowego. Przy punkcie odcięcia 8, GAD-7 ma czułość 92% i swoistość 76% dla diagnozy uogólnionego zaburzenia lękowego⁵⁵.

Luka w leczeniu i implikacje dla zdrowia publicznego

Pomimo istnienia wysoce skutecznych metod leczenia zaburzeń lękowych, tylko około 1 na 4 osoby potrzebujące (27,6%) otrzymuje jakiekolwiek leczenie⁵⁶. Obecne badanie pokazuje lukę w leczeniu zaburzeń lękowych wynoszącą 82,9% w Indiach⁵⁷.

Wśród osób z 12-miesięcznym SAD, odsetek zgłaszających leczenie jakiegokolwiek rodzaju w ciągu ostatnich 12 miesięcy różni się znacząco w zależności od upośledzenia, przy czym 38% otrzymuje jakiekolwiek leczenie⁵⁸.

Istnieje kilka skutecznych metod leczenia zaburzeń lękowych. Interwencje psychologiczne są niezbędnymi metodami leczenia zaburzeń lękowych i odnoszą się przede wszystkim do terapii rozmową z profesjonalistami lub nadzorowanymi terapeutami nieprofesjonalnymi. Leki przeciwdepresyjne, takie jak selektywne inhibitory wychwytu zwrotnego serotoniny (SSRI), mogą być również przydatne w leczeniu dorosłych z zaburzeniami lękowymi⁵⁹.

Kompleksowe i dokładne regionalne i krajowe dane dotyczące zaburzeń lękowych są podstawowymi warunkami wstępnymi dla decydentów do racjonalnego przydzielania ograniczonych zasobów i formułowania polityk⁶⁰. Zrozumienie specyficznych cech obciążenia zaburzeniami lękowymi na całym świecie i zmniejszenie czynników ryzyka, takich jak znęcanie się, ustanowienie skutecznego rozpowszechniania wiedzy o zdrowiu psychicznym, poprawa wczesnej diagnozy i wykonywanie zróżnicowanych strategii interwencji mają najwyższe znaczenie dla sformułowania bardziej skutecznych i ukierunkowanych interwencji i kontroli zaburzeń lękowych⁶¹.

Stygmatyzacja i percepcja społeczna

Skala Stygmatyzacji Uogólnionego Lęku (GASS) mierzy stygmatyzację związaną z uogólnionym zaburzeniem lękowym, pomagając badaczom i klinicystom zrozumieć percepcję publiczną i zinternalizowaną stygmatyzację u dotkniętych osób⁶². Wyniki badań pokazują, że znaczny odsetek respondentów wyraża stygmatyzujące przekonania dotyczące zaburzeń lękowych:

56,0% uważa, że większość ludzi myśli, że zaburzenie lękowe nie jest prawdziwą chorobą medyczną
52,7% uważa, że większość ludzi myśli, że zaburzenie lękowe jest oznaką osobistej słabości
55,3% uważa, że większość ludzi myśli, że osoby z zaburzeniem lękowym mogłyby się z tego otrząsnąć, gdyby chciały
58,9% uważa, że większość ludzi myśli, że osoby z zaburzeniem lękowym są niestabilne⁶³

Wnioski z badań epidemiologicznych

Badania epidemiologiczne w psychiatrii mogą pomóc w ocenie znaczenia określonego zaburzenia w celu opracowania strategii leczenia i planowania specjalnych programów zapobiegania zdrowiu⁶⁴. Mogą również pomóc w lepszym zrozumieniu etiologii tych zaburzeń⁶⁵.

Epidemiologia chorób jest kluczowa dla zrozumienia trendów populacyjnych, takich jak to, czy lęk wzrasta, współzmiennych związanych ze zmieniającymi się trendami oraz czynników zaangażowanych w kontrolę i zarządzanie zaburzeniami lękowymi⁶⁶.

Kompleksowe badanie epidemiologiczne globalnego obciążenia zaburzeniami lękowymi, a także ich związków socjodemograficznych, jest potrzebne do oceny trendów w całej populacji i potencjalnych czynników związanych z lękiem, a także do bardziej efektywnego ukierunkowania wysiłków promocji zdrowia w celu zmniejszenia ekonomicznego i społecznego obciążenia związanego z tym problemem zdrowia psychicznego⁶⁷.

Ustalenia te pomogłyby zwiększyć światową uwagę na zaburzenia lękowe, a także opracować ukierunkowane strategie zapobiegania i interwencji w zaburzeniach lękowych, dostosowując się do specyficznych cech w różnych regionach⁶⁸.

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Materiały źródłowe

#1 Epidemiology of anxiety disorders: global burden and sociodemographic associations | Middle East Current Psychiatry | Full Text
https://mecp.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s43045-023-00315-3
Anxiety disorders comprise some of the most common mental health conditions. This study examined the global and regional burden of anxiety disorders over the last three decades. Epidemiological data relating to anxiety disorders from the latest Global Burden of Disease dataset were analyzed to determine the prevalence, incidence, and disability adjusted life years (DALYs) rates from 1990 to 2019 for 204 countries and regions. […] An estimated 4.05% of the global population has an anxiety disorder, translating to 301 million people. The number of persons affected has increased by more than 55% from 1990 to 2019. Anxiety disorder metrics show a continuous increase in prevalence, incidence, and DALY rates. […] The prevalence of anxiety disorders has been rising over the last three decades. The prevalence of anxiety appears to increase with socioeconomic development, a higher dependent older population, and urbanization.
#2
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/anxiety-disorders
Anxiety disorders are the worlds most common mental disorders, affecting 301 million people in 2019. […] An estimated 4% of the global population currently experience an anxiety disorder (1). In 2019, 301 million people in the world had an anxiety disorder, making anxiety disorders the most common of all mental disorders (1). […] Although highly effective treatments for anxiety disorders exist, only about 1 in 4 people in need (27.6%) receive any treatment (2). […] Anxiety disorders, like other mental health conditions, result from a complex interaction of social, psychological and biological factors. […] Effective community based approaches to prevent anxiety include parental education and school-based programmes to enhance social and emotional learning and build positive coping in children and adolescents.
#3 Epidemiology of anxiety disorders: global burden and sociodemographic associations | Middle East Current Psychiatry | Full Text
https://mecp.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s43045-023-00315-3
Anxiety disorders comprise some of the most common mental health conditions. This study examined the global and regional burden of anxiety disorders over the last three decades. Epidemiological data relating to anxiety disorders from the latest Global Burden of Disease dataset were analyzed to determine the prevalence, incidence, and disability adjusted life years (DALYs) rates from 1990 to 2019 for 204 countries and regions. […] An estimated 4.05% of the global population has an anxiety disorder, translating to 301 million people. The number of persons affected has increased by more than 55% from 1990 to 2019. Anxiety disorder metrics show a continuous increase in prevalence, incidence, and DALY rates. […] The prevalence of anxiety disorders has been rising over the last three decades. The prevalence of anxiety appears to increase with socioeconomic development, a higher dependent older population, and urbanization.
#4 The epidemiology of anxiety disorders (Chapter 2) – Anxiety Disorders
https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/anxiety-disorders/epidemiology-of-anxiety-disorders/E7629628B4A79CFE15D03A862CA33C78
Epidemiologic surveys consistently document that anxiety disorders are the most prevalent class of mental disorders. This chapter reviews the prevalence and distribution of DSM-IV anxiety disorders across the life span, drawing predominantly on large-scale epidemiologic surveys conducted in developed regions of the world, where the most rigorous work has been conducted. Sex differences in the prevalence of anxiety disorders are consistent across cultures and survey methods. Across cultures, epidemiologic work typically finds women to be at greater risk for social anxiety disorder (SAD) than men. Across several DSM iterations, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) has evolved from a non-specific residual anxiety category to its current status as a primary anxiety disorder. Across cultures, lifetime panic disorder (PD) rates range roughly from 2% to 4%, and 1-3% reports the presence of PD within the past year. Increased efforts are needed to document population-based prevalence estimates of childhood anxiety disorders.
#5 Global, regional and national burden of anxiety disorders from 1990 to 2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 | Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences | Cambridge Core
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/epidemiology-and-psychiatric-sciences/article/global-regional-and-national-burden-of-anxiety-disorders-from-1990-to-2019-results-from-the-global-burden-of-disease-study-2019/9ABBDAE4017CDE11476B9DB51F75C32F
Anxiety disorders are widespread across the world. A systematic understanding of the disease burden, temporal trend and risk factors of anxiety disorders provides the essential foundation for targeted public policies on mental health at the national, regional, and global levels. […] The estimation of anxiety disorders in the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 using systematic review was conducted to describe incidence, prevalence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in 204 countries and regions from 1990 to 2019. […] Globally, 45.82 million incident cases of anxiety disorders, 301.39 million prevalent cases and 28.68 million DALYs were estimated in 2019. […] Although the overall age-standardised burden rate of anxiety disorders remained stable over the past three decades, the latest absolute number of anxiety disorders increased by 50% from 1990.
#6 Global, regional and national burden of anxiety disorders from 1990 to 2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 | Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences | Cambridge Core
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/epidemiology-and-psychiatric-sciences/article/global-regional-and-national-burden-of-anxiety-disorders-from-1990-to-2019-results-from-the-global-burden-of-disease-study-2019/9ABBDAE4017CDE11476B9DB51F75C32F
Anxiety disorders are widespread across the world. A systematic understanding of the disease burden, temporal trend and risk factors of anxiety disorders provides the essential foundation for targeted public policies on mental health at the national, regional, and global levels. […] The estimation of anxiety disorders in the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 using systematic review was conducted to describe incidence, prevalence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in 204 countries and regions from 1990 to 2019. […] Globally, 45.82 million incident cases of anxiety disorders, 301.39 million prevalent cases and 28.68 million DALYs were estimated in 2019. […] Although the overall age-standardised burden rate of anxiety disorders remained stable over the past three decades, the latest absolute number of anxiety disorders increased by 50% from 1990.
#7 Anxiety Disorders: Background, Anatomy, Pathophysiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/286227-overview
The prevalence of specific anxiety disorders appears to vary between countries and cultures. A systematic review of the current prevalence of anxiety disorders in 89 countries found significant variation ranging from 0.9% in China to 28.3% in Afghanistan. […] Respondents who were White, Native American, or Hispanic/Latino were more likely to be diagnosed with an anxiety disorder compared to those who were African American. […] The female-to-male ratio for any lifetime anxiety disorder is 3:2. […] Most anxiety disorders begin in childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood. Separation anxiety is an anxiety disorder that commonly begins in childhood and during adolescence but can uncommonly begin during adulthood. […] Panic disorder demonstrates a bimodal age of onset in the NCS study in the age groups of 15-24 years and 45-54 years. The age of onset for OCD appears to be in the mid-20s to early 30s.
#8 JMIR Public Health and Surveillance – Global Trends in the Incidence of Anxiety Disorders From 1990 to 2019: Joinpoint and Age-Period-Cohort Analysis Study
https://publichealth.jmir.org/2024/1/e49609/
According to the large-scale World Mental Health Surveys, the prevalence of ADs was highest in high-income countries, especially in Australia, the United States, and European countries. […] At present, there are relatively few studies on the global trend in the prevalence of ADs, and they use only traditional descriptive analysis of age-specific incidence or mortality data at different times, which cannot eliminate or control for the interaction among age, period, and cohort factors. […] The joinpoint regression (JPR) model is mainly used to analyze the time trend of incidence and mortality and to analyze the burden of disease, which can better reflect the change in the epidemic trend and its impact. […] The predicted trend of AD incidence in our study over the next 25 years is consistent with the current trend, with a downward trend among female individuals and an upward trend among male individuals. This trend calls for us to pay more attention to the risk of ADs, especially among male individuals, and formulate effective prevention and treatment policies to reduce the incidence of ADs and thus reduce the disease burden.
#9 Any Anxiety Disorder – National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/any-anxiety-disorder
An estimated 19.1% of U.S. adults had any anxiety disorder in the past year. […] Past year prevalence of any anxiety disorder was higher for females (23.4%) than for males (14.3%). […] An estimated 31.1% of U.S. adults experience any anxiety disorder at some time in their lives. […] Among adults with any anxiety disorder, an estimated 22.8% had serious impairment, and 33.7% had moderate impairment. […] A majority of people with any anxiety disorder experienced mild impairment (43.5%). […] An estimated 31.9% of adolescents had any anxiety disorder. […] Of adolescents with any anxiety disorder, an estimated 8.3% had severe impairment. […] The prevalence of any anxiety disorder among adolescents was higher for females (38.0%) than for males (26.1%).
#10 Mental disorder – Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_disorder
Mental disorders are common. Worldwide, more than one in three people in most countries report sufficient criteria for at least one at some point in their life. In the United States, 46% qualify for a mental illness at some point. An ongoing survey indicates that anxiety disorders are the most common in all but one country, followed by mood disorders in all but two countries, while substance disorders and impulse-control disorders were consistently less prevalent. Rates varied by region. […] A review of anxiety disorder surveys in different countries found average lifetime prevalence estimates of 16.6%, with women having higher rates on average. […] In the United States the frequency of disorder is: anxiety disorder (28.8%), mood disorder (20.8%), impulse-control disorder (24.8%) or substance use disorder (14.6%).
#11 Anxiety Disorders: Background, Anatomy, Pathophysiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/286227-overview
Anxiety disorders are the most common type of psychiatric disorders in the United States. The lifetime prevalence of anxiety disorders among American adults is 28.8%. […] While specific phobias are the most common anxiety disorders, social anxiety disorder is the second most common anxiety disorder and presents more commonly for treatment than specific phobias do. Social anxiety disorder has an early age of onset by age 11 years in about 50% and by age 20 years in about 80% of individuals that have the diagnosis and it is a risk factor for subsequent depressive illness and substance abuse. […] According to the DSM-5-TR, the 12-month community prevalence estimate for specific phobia is approximately 812% in the United States. The 12-month prevalence estimate of social anxiety disorder for the United States is approximately 7%. The 12-month prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder is 0.9% among adolescents and 2.9% among adults in the United States. The 12-month prevalence estimate for panic disorder across the United States and several European countries is about 23% in adults and adolescents. The prevalence of agoraphobia is approximately 11.7% of adolescents and adults worldwide.
#12 National Study of Mental Health and Wellbeing, 2020-2022 | Australian Bureau of Statistics
https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/health/mental-health/national-study-mental-health-and-wellbeing/latest-release
21.5% of people had a 12-month mental disorder, with Anxiety being the most common group (17.2% of people aged 16-85 years) […] In the NSMHW, three groups of mental disorders were assessed: Anxiety, Affective and Substance Use disorders based on definitions and criteria of the World Health Organization International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10). […] In 2020-2022, one in five Australians (21.5% or 4.3 million people) had a 12-month mental disorder: 17.2% (3.4 million people) had a 12-month Anxiety disorder […] In 2020-2022, the prevalence of 12-month mental disorders varied by age, with younger people having higher rates: Almost two in five people (38.8%) aged 16-24 years had a 12-month mental disorder […] In 2020-2022, more than one in six Australians (17.2% or 3.4 million people) aged 16-85 years had a 12-month Anxiety disorder
#13
https://journals.lww.com/indianjpsychiatry/fulltext/2022/64020/prevalence_and_its_correlates_of_anxiety_disorders.5.aspx
Epidemiological surveys estimating the prevalence of ADs in developing countries like India are limited. […] Toward strengthening mental health services across India, National Mental Health Survey (NMHS) 2016 was conducted to understand the burden of mental disorders. It focused on current prevalence estimates, treatment gaps, and the disability of mental disorders in a nationally representative population. […] The current weighted prevalence of total ADs was 2.57% among the adult general population in the present survey. Among ADs, agoraphobia was most common (1.6%), followed by GAD (0.57%). […] The present survey shows the treatment gap of ADs to be 82.9%. […] This nationally representative study draws attention to an urgent need to plan, develop, and implement a service strategy for managing ADs that pose a similar or possibly a greater burden than depressive disorders. The wider treatment gap further reiterates the call for urgent action.
#14 Epidemiology and Management of Anxiety Disorders
https://www.hilarispublisher.com/open-access/epidemiology-and-management-of-anxiety-disorders-69795.html
Anxiety Disorders are a group of mental problems described by huge and wild sensations of nervousness and dread to such an extent that an individual’s social, word related, and individual capacity are fundamentally weakened. […] Universally starting at 2010 around 273 million (4.5% of the populace) had an uneasiness disorder. It is more normal in females (5.2%) than guys (2.8%). In Europe, Africa and Asia, lifetime paces of tension problems are somewhere in the range of 9 and 16%, and yearly rates are somewhere in the range of 4 and 7%. In the United States, the lifetime predominance of uneasnoÅci problem is about 29% and somewhere in the range of 11 and 18% of grown-ups have the condition in a given year. […] All in all, nervousnoÅÄ problems address the most predominant mental condition in the United States, outside of substance use issue.
#15 Mental disorder – Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_disorder
A 2004 cross-Europe study found that approximately one in four people reported meeting criteria at some point in their life for at least one of the DSM-IV disorders assessed, which included mood disorders (13.9%), anxiety disorders (13.6%), or alcohol disorder (5.2%). Approximately one in ten met the criteria within a 12-month period. Women and younger people of either gender showed more cases of the disorder.
#16
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4610617/
Epidemiologic studies in psychiatry may help in assessing the importance of a certain disorder in order to develop treatment strategies and in planning special health prevention programs. […] The only way to obtain reliable prevalence rates is a so-called doorknock survey, in which representative samples are collected by using methods known from population polls. […] Some representative surveys have been conducted in recent years, using complex sampling methods, well-defined diagnostic criteria, elaborate questionnaires, and sophisticated statistical methods. […] According to these surveys, specific phobias and SAD are the most common disorders. […] Even the representative population surveys show substantial discrepancies in prevalence rates. […] However, actual differences between the investigated populations may also exist, which may be due to biological differences across races and ethnic groups.
#17 Psychiatry.org – What are Anxiety Disorders?
https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/anxiety-disorders/what-are-anxiety-disorders
Anxiety disorders are the most common of mental disorders. They affect nearly 30% of adults at some point in their lives. […] In any given year the estimated percent of U.S. adults with various anxiety disorders are*: Specific Phobia: 8% – 12% (U.S.); Social Anxiety Disorder: 7% (U.S.); Panic Disorder: 2% – 3% (U.S.); Agoraphobia: 1-1.7% (adolescents and adults; worldwide); Generalized Anxiety Disorder: 0.9% (adolescents)’ 2.9% (adults); Separation Anxiety Disorder: 4% (children); 1.6% (adolescents); 0.9%-1.9% (adults); Selective mutism: 0.03-1.9% (U.S., Europe, Israel). […] Women are more likely than men to experience anxiety disorders.
#18 7.2: Anxiety Disorders – Epidemiology – Social Sci LibreTexts
https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Psychology/Psychological_Disorders/Fundamentals_of_Psychological_Disorders_3e_(Bridley_and_Daffin)/03%3A_Part_III._Mental_Disorders__Block_2/07%3A_Anxiety_Disorders/7.02%3A_Anxiety_Disorders_-_Epidemiology
The 12-month prevalence for generalized anxiety disorder is estimated to be 2.9% of the adult general population of the United States while the mean 12-month prevalence around the world is 1.3% (with a range of 0.2% to 4.3%). The disorder occurs more frequently in women and adolescent girls, those of European descent, and those living in high-income countries (APA, 2022). […] The prevalence rate for specific phobia is 8-12% in the United States and about 6% in European countries. There is a 2:1 ratio of females to males diagnosed with specific phobia. Prevalence rates are lower in older individuals and those from Asia, Africa, and Latin America. […] The prevalence rate of agoraphobia worldwide for adolescents and adults is 1% to 1.7%. As with other anxiety disorders, women are twice as likely to be diagnosed with it. Older adults in the United States (aged 65 and up) have a 12-month prevalence of 0.4% and for older adults aged 55 and up in Europe and North America, the prevalence is 0.5%.
#19 Social anxiety disorder – Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_anxiety_disorder
Social anxiety disorder is known to appear at an early age in most cases. Fifty percent of those who develop this disorder have developed it by the age of 11, and 80% have developed it by age 20. This early age of onset may lead to people with social anxiety disorder being particularly vulnerable to depressive illnesses, substance use, and other psychological conflicts. […] The National Comorbidity Survey of over 8,000 American correspondents in 1994 revealed 12-month and lifetime prevalence rates of 7.9 percent and 13.3 percent, respectively; this makes it the third most prevalent psychiatric disorder after depression and alcohol use disorder, and the most common of the anxiety disorders. […] According to US epidemiological data from the National Institute of Mental Health, social phobia affects 15 million adult Americans in any given year.
#20 7.2: Anxiety Disorders – Epidemiology – Social Sci LibreTexts
https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Psychology/Psychological_Disorders/Fundamentals_of_Psychological_Disorders_3e_(Bridley_and_Daffin)/03%3A_Part_III._Mental_Disorders__Block_2/07%3A_Anxiety_Disorders/7.02%3A_Anxiety_Disorders_-_Epidemiology
The overall prevalence rate of social anxiety disorder is significantly higher in the United States than in other countries, with an estimated 7% of the U.S. population diagnosed with social anxiety disorder, compared to 0.5% to 2.0% worldwide (median prevalence in Europe is 2.3%). A decrease in the diagnosis of social anxiety disorder among older individuals, aged 65 years and older, has been found. Regarding gender, there is a higher diagnosis rate in females than males. This gender discrepancy is greater among adolescents and young adults. Finally, non-Hispanic whites in the United States have a higher prevalence rate than Asian, Latinx, African American, and Caribbean Black descent (APA, 2022). […] The 12-month prevalence for panic disorder in the general population is estimated at around 2-3% in adults and adolescents across the United States and several European countries. Higher rates of panic disorder are found in American Indians and non-Latinx whites. Females are more commonly diagnosed than males with a 2:1 diagnosis rate. Prevalence declines from about 1.2% in adults older than 55 to 0.7% in adults aged 64 and up. […] Prevalence rates for anxiety disorders range from 1.0% for agoraphobia up to 12% for specific phobia. […] For most anxiety disorders, females are twice as likely to be diagnosed.
#21 7.2: Anxiety Disorders – Epidemiology – Social Sci LibreTexts
https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Psychology/Psychological_Disorders/Fundamentals_of_Psychological_Disorders_3e_(Bridley_and_Daffin)/03%3A_Part_III._Mental_Disorders__Block_2/07%3A_Anxiety_Disorders/7.02%3A_Anxiety_Disorders_-_Epidemiology
The overall prevalence rate of social anxiety disorder is significantly higher in the United States than in other countries, with an estimated 7% of the U.S. population diagnosed with social anxiety disorder, compared to 0.5% to 2.0% worldwide (median prevalence in Europe is 2.3%). A decrease in the diagnosis of social anxiety disorder among older individuals, aged 65 years and older, has been found. Regarding gender, there is a higher diagnosis rate in females than males. This gender discrepancy is greater among adolescents and young adults. Finally, non-Hispanic whites in the United States have a higher prevalence rate than Asian, Latinx, African American, and Caribbean Black descent (APA, 2022). […] The 12-month prevalence for panic disorder in the general population is estimated at around 2-3% in adults and adolescents across the United States and several European countries. Higher rates of panic disorder are found in American Indians and non-Latinx whites. Females are more commonly diagnosed than males with a 2:1 diagnosis rate. Prevalence declines from about 1.2% in adults older than 55 to 0.7% in adults aged 64 and up. […] Prevalence rates for anxiety disorders range from 1.0% for agoraphobia up to 12% for specific phobia. […] For most anxiety disorders, females are twice as likely to be diagnosed.
#22 7.2: Anxiety Disorders – Epidemiology – Social Sci LibreTexts
https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Psychology/Psychological_Disorders/Fundamentals_of_Psychological_Disorders_3e_(Bridley_and_Daffin)/03%3A_Part_III._Mental_Disorders__Block_2/07%3A_Anxiety_Disorders/7.02%3A_Anxiety_Disorders_-_Epidemiology
The overall prevalence rate of social anxiety disorder is significantly higher in the United States than in other countries, with an estimated 7% of the U.S. population diagnosed with social anxiety disorder, compared to 0.5% to 2.0% worldwide (median prevalence in Europe is 2.3%). A decrease in the diagnosis of social anxiety disorder among older individuals, aged 65 years and older, has been found. Regarding gender, there is a higher diagnosis rate in females than males. This gender discrepancy is greater among adolescents and young adults. Finally, non-Hispanic whites in the United States have a higher prevalence rate than Asian, Latinx, African American, and Caribbean Black descent (APA, 2022). […] The 12-month prevalence for panic disorder in the general population is estimated at around 2-3% in adults and adolescents across the United States and several European countries. Higher rates of panic disorder are found in American Indians and non-Latinx whites. Females are more commonly diagnosed than males with a 2:1 diagnosis rate. Prevalence declines from about 1.2% in adults older than 55 to 0.7% in adults aged 64 and up. […] Prevalence rates for anxiety disorders range from 1.0% for agoraphobia up to 12% for specific phobia. […] For most anxiety disorders, females are twice as likely to be diagnosed.
#23 Any Anxiety Disorder – National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/any-anxiety-disorder
An estimated 19.1% of U.S. adults had any anxiety disorder in the past year. […] Past year prevalence of any anxiety disorder was higher for females (23.4%) than for males (14.3%). […] An estimated 31.1% of U.S. adults experience any anxiety disorder at some time in their lives. […] Among adults with any anxiety disorder, an estimated 22.8% had serious impairment, and 33.7% had moderate impairment. […] A majority of people with any anxiety disorder experienced mild impairment (43.5%). […] An estimated 31.9% of adolescents had any anxiety disorder. […] Of adolescents with any anxiety disorder, an estimated 8.3% had severe impairment. […] The prevalence of any anxiety disorder among adolescents was higher for females (38.0%) than for males (26.1%).
#24 Anxiety Disorders: Background, Anatomy, Pathophysiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/286227-overview
The prevalence of specific anxiety disorders appears to vary between countries and cultures. A systematic review of the current prevalence of anxiety disorders in 89 countries found significant variation ranging from 0.9% in China to 28.3% in Afghanistan. […] Respondents who were White, Native American, or Hispanic/Latino were more likely to be diagnosed with an anxiety disorder compared to those who were African American. […] The female-to-male ratio for any lifetime anxiety disorder is 3:2. […] Most anxiety disorders begin in childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood. Separation anxiety is an anxiety disorder that commonly begins in childhood and during adolescence but can uncommonly begin during adulthood. […] Panic disorder demonstrates a bimodal age of onset in the NCS study in the age groups of 15-24 years and 45-54 years. The age of onset for OCD appears to be in the mid-20s to early 30s.
#25 Global, regional and national burden of anxiety disorders from 1990 to 2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 | Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences | Cambridge Core
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/epidemiology-and-psychiatric-sciences/article/global-regional-and-national-burden-of-anxiety-disorders-from-1990-to-2019-results-from-the-global-burden-of-disease-study-2019/9ABBDAE4017CDE11476B9DB51F75C32F
Our findings would help increase the world’s attention to anxiety disorders, as well as design targeted strategies for the prevention and intervention of anxiety disorders adapting the specific characteristics in different regions. […] The ASIR of anxiety disorders significantly increased in middle, low-middle and low SDI regions from 1990 to 2019. […] The largest increase in ASIR was observed in Tropical Latin America, followed by Central Latin America and South Asia, whereas East Asia, high-income Asia Pacific and Central Asia presented a downward trend in the ASIRs. […] The ASIR of anxiety disorders among women was somewhat greater than men, especially among the people aged 55-64 years. […] The incidence rate of anxiety disorders rose to a peak at age 10-14 years, remained relatively high level until age 40-44 years, and dropped substantially afterward among both sexes in 2019.
#26 JMIR Public Health and Surveillance – Global Trends in the Incidence of Anxiety Disorders From 1990 to 2019: Joinpoint and Age-Period-Cohort Analysis Study
https://publichealth.jmir.org/2024/1/e49609/
Background: Anxiety disorders (ADs) are the most common mental illness with high prevalence, chronicity, and comorbidity. Despite rapid economic and cultural development, the global incidence of ADs continues to increase, with predominance in male individuals. […] The age-standardized incidence rate of ADs increased by 1.06% for both sexes, and the age-standardized disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) rate (ASDR) decreased by 0.12%. Joinpoint regression indicated that increments in average annual percent changes in the age-standardized incidence rate (0.068 vs 0.012) and ASDR (0.035 vs 0.015) for ADs globally were higher among male individuals than female individuals. […] The high prevalence, chronicity, and comorbidity of ADs led the World Health Organization to rank ADs as the ninth leading health-related cause of disability.
#27 Social anxiety disorder – Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_anxiety_disorder
Social anxiety disorder is known to appear at an early age in most cases. Fifty percent of those who develop this disorder have developed it by the age of 11, and 80% have developed it by age 20. This early age of onset may lead to people with social anxiety disorder being particularly vulnerable to depressive illnesses, substance use, and other psychological conflicts. […] The National Comorbidity Survey of over 8,000 American correspondents in 1994 revealed 12-month and lifetime prevalence rates of 7.9 percent and 13.3 percent, respectively; this makes it the third most prevalent psychiatric disorder after depression and alcohol use disorder, and the most common of the anxiety disorders. […] According to US epidemiological data from the National Institute of Mental Health, social phobia affects 15 million adult Americans in any given year.
#28 Social anxiety disorder – Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_anxiety_disorder
Social anxiety disorder is known to appear at an early age in most cases. Fifty percent of those who develop this disorder have developed it by the age of 11, and 80% have developed it by age 20. This early age of onset may lead to people with social anxiety disorder being particularly vulnerable to depressive illnesses, substance use, and other psychological conflicts. […] The National Comorbidity Survey of over 8,000 American correspondents in 1994 revealed 12-month and lifetime prevalence rates of 7.9 percent and 13.3 percent, respectively; this makes it the third most prevalent psychiatric disorder after depression and alcohol use disorder, and the most common of the anxiety disorders. […] According to US epidemiological data from the National Institute of Mental Health, social phobia affects 15 million adult Americans in any given year.
#29 National Study of Mental Health and Wellbeing, 2020-2022 | Australian Bureau of Statistics
https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/health/mental-health/national-study-mental-health-and-wellbeing/latest-release
21.5% of people had a 12-month mental disorder, with Anxiety being the most common group (17.2% of people aged 16-85 years) […] In the NSMHW, three groups of mental disorders were assessed: Anxiety, Affective and Substance Use disorders based on definitions and criteria of the World Health Organization International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10). […] In 2020-2022, one in five Australians (21.5% or 4.3 million people) had a 12-month mental disorder: 17.2% (3.4 million people) had a 12-month Anxiety disorder […] In 2020-2022, the prevalence of 12-month mental disorders varied by age, with younger people having higher rates: Almost two in five people (38.8%) aged 16-24 years had a 12-month mental disorder […] In 2020-2022, more than one in six Australians (17.2% or 3.4 million people) aged 16-85 years had a 12-month Anxiety disorder
#30 7.2: Anxiety Disorders – Epidemiology – Social Sci LibreTexts
https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Psychology/Psychological_Disorders/Fundamentals_of_Psychological_Disorders_3e_(Bridley_and_Daffin)/03%3A_Part_III._Mental_Disorders__Block_2/07%3A_Anxiety_Disorders/7.02%3A_Anxiety_Disorders_-_Epidemiology
The overall prevalence rate of social anxiety disorder is significantly higher in the United States than in other countries, with an estimated 7% of the U.S. population diagnosed with social anxiety disorder, compared to 0.5% to 2.0% worldwide (median prevalence in Europe is 2.3%). A decrease in the diagnosis of social anxiety disorder among older individuals, aged 65 years and older, has been found. Regarding gender, there is a higher diagnosis rate in females than males. This gender discrepancy is greater among adolescents and young adults. Finally, non-Hispanic whites in the United States have a higher prevalence rate than Asian, Latinx, African American, and Caribbean Black descent (APA, 2022). […] The 12-month prevalence for panic disorder in the general population is estimated at around 2-3% in adults and adolescents across the United States and several European countries. Higher rates of panic disorder are found in American Indians and non-Latinx whites. Females are more commonly diagnosed than males with a 2:1 diagnosis rate. Prevalence declines from about 1.2% in adults older than 55 to 0.7% in adults aged 64 and up. […] Prevalence rates for anxiety disorders range from 1.0% for agoraphobia up to 12% for specific phobia. […] For most anxiety disorders, females are twice as likely to be diagnosed.
#31 Global, regional and national burden of anxiety disorders from 1990 to 2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 | Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences | Cambridge Core
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/epidemiology-and-psychiatric-sciences/article/global-regional-and-national-burden-of-anxiety-disorders-from-1990-to-2019-results-from-the-global-burden-of-disease-study-2019/9ABBDAE4017CDE11476B9DB51F75C32F
Our findings would help increase the world’s attention to anxiety disorders, as well as design targeted strategies for the prevention and intervention of anxiety disorders adapting the specific characteristics in different regions. […] The ASIR of anxiety disorders significantly increased in middle, low-middle and low SDI regions from 1990 to 2019. […] The largest increase in ASIR was observed in Tropical Latin America, followed by Central Latin America and South Asia, whereas East Asia, high-income Asia Pacific and Central Asia presented a downward trend in the ASIRs. […] The ASIR of anxiety disorders among women was somewhat greater than men, especially among the people aged 55-64 years. […] The incidence rate of anxiety disorders rose to a peak at age 10-14 years, remained relatively high level until age 40-44 years, and dropped substantially afterward among both sexes in 2019.
#32 Anxiety Disorders: Background, Anatomy, Pathophysiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/286227-overview
The prevalence of specific anxiety disorders appears to vary between countries and cultures. A systematic review of the current prevalence of anxiety disorders in 89 countries found significant variation ranging from 0.9% in China to 28.3% in Afghanistan. […] Respondents who were White, Native American, or Hispanic/Latino were more likely to be diagnosed with an anxiety disorder compared to those who were African American. […] The female-to-male ratio for any lifetime anxiety disorder is 3:2. […] Most anxiety disorders begin in childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood. Separation anxiety is an anxiety disorder that commonly begins in childhood and during adolescence but can uncommonly begin during adulthood. […] Panic disorder demonstrates a bimodal age of onset in the NCS study in the age groups of 15-24 years and 45-54 years. The age of onset for OCD appears to be in the mid-20s to early 30s.
#33 Epidemiology of anxiety disorders: global burden and sociodemographic associations | Middle East Current Psychiatry | Full Text
https://mecp.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s43045-023-00315-3
Anxiety disorders comprise some of the most common mental health conditions. This study examined the global and regional burden of anxiety disorders over the last three decades. Epidemiological data relating to anxiety disorders from the latest Global Burden of Disease dataset were analyzed to determine the prevalence, incidence, and disability adjusted life years (DALYs) rates from 1990 to 2019 for 204 countries and regions. […] An estimated 4.05% of the global population has an anxiety disorder, translating to 301 million people. The number of persons affected has increased by more than 55% from 1990 to 2019. Anxiety disorder metrics show a continuous increase in prevalence, incidence, and DALY rates. […] The prevalence of anxiety disorders has been rising over the last three decades. The prevalence of anxiety appears to increase with socioeconomic development, a higher dependent older population, and urbanization.
#34 Report from the Canadian Chronic Disease Surveillance System: Mood and Anxiety Disorders in Canada, 2016 – Canada.ca
https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/publications/diseases-conditions/report-canadian-chronic-disease-surveillance-system-mood-anxiety-disorders-canada-2016.html
In 2009/10, Nova Scotia had the highest age-standardized prevalence of the use of health services for mood and anxiety disorders (11.6%), while the lowest was observed in the Northwest Territories (5.8%). […] These jurisdictional variations may in part be explained by differences in detection and treatment practices as well as differences in data coding, database submissions, remuneration models and shadow billing practices. […] A higher prevalence of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and to a lesser degree ischemic heart disease, diabetes and hypertension, was observed among people who used health services for mood and anxiety disorders compared to those who did not. […] Future work involving the CCDSS related to mood and anxiety disorders includes but is not limited to: the ongoing collection and reporting of data on mood and anxiety disorders; developing an approach to study the chronicity of mood and anxiety disorders; and exploring other comorbid diseases and conditions.
#35 Global, regional and national burden of anxiety disorders from 1990 to 2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 | Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences | Cambridge Core
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/epidemiology-and-psychiatric-sciences/article/global-regional-and-national-burden-of-anxiety-disorders-from-1990-to-2019-results-from-the-global-burden-of-disease-study-2019/9ABBDAE4017CDE11476B9DB51F75C32F
Anxiety disorders are widespread across the world. A systematic understanding of the disease burden, temporal trend and risk factors of anxiety disorders provides the essential foundation for targeted public policies on mental health at the national, regional, and global levels. […] The estimation of anxiety disorders in the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 using systematic review was conducted to describe incidence, prevalence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in 204 countries and regions from 1990 to 2019. […] Globally, 45.82 million incident cases of anxiety disorders, 301.39 million prevalent cases and 28.68 million DALYs were estimated in 2019. […] Although the overall age-standardised burden rate of anxiety disorders remained stable over the past three decades, the latest absolute number of anxiety disorders increased by 50% from 1990.
#36 JMIR Public Health and Surveillance – Global Trends in the Incidence of Anxiety Disorders From 1990 to 2019: Joinpoint and Age-Period-Cohort Analysis Study
https://publichealth.jmir.org/2024/1/e49609/
According to the large-scale World Mental Health Surveys, the prevalence of ADs was highest in high-income countries, especially in Australia, the United States, and European countries. […] At present, there are relatively few studies on the global trend in the prevalence of ADs, and they use only traditional descriptive analysis of age-specific incidence or mortality data at different times, which cannot eliminate or control for the interaction among age, period, and cohort factors. […] The joinpoint regression (JPR) model is mainly used to analyze the time trend of incidence and mortality and to analyze the burden of disease, which can better reflect the change in the epidemic trend and its impact. […] The predicted trend of AD incidence in our study over the next 25 years is consistent with the current trend, with a downward trend among female individuals and an upward trend among male individuals. This trend calls for us to pay more attention to the risk of ADs, especially among male individuals, and formulate effective prevention and treatment policies to reduce the incidence of ADs and thus reduce the disease burden.
#37 Global, regional and national burden of anxiety disorders from 1990 to 2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 | Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences | Cambridge Core
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/epidemiology-and-psychiatric-sciences/article/global-regional-and-national-burden-of-anxiety-disorders-from-1990-to-2019-results-from-the-global-burden-of-disease-study-2019/9ABBDAE4017CDE11476B9DB51F75C32F
Our findings would help increase the world’s attention to anxiety disorders, as well as design targeted strategies for the prevention and intervention of anxiety disorders adapting the specific characteristics in different regions. […] The ASIR of anxiety disorders significantly increased in middle, low-middle and low SDI regions from 1990 to 2019. […] The largest increase in ASIR was observed in Tropical Latin America, followed by Central Latin America and South Asia, whereas East Asia, high-income Asia Pacific and Central Asia presented a downward trend in the ASIRs. […] The ASIR of anxiety disorders among women was somewhat greater than men, especially among the people aged 55-64 years. […] The incidence rate of anxiety disorders rose to a peak at age 10-14 years, remained relatively high level until age 40-44 years, and dropped substantially afterward among both sexes in 2019.
#38 Global, regional and national burden of anxiety disorders from 1990 to 2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 | Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences | Cambridge Core
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/epidemiology-and-psychiatric-sciences/article/global-regional-and-national-burden-of-anxiety-disorders-from-1990-to-2019-results-from-the-global-burden-of-disease-study-2019/9ABBDAE4017CDE11476B9DB51F75C32F
In 2019, 7.07% of the global DALYs due to anxiety disorders were attributable to bullying victimisation, mainly among the population aged 5-39 years, and the proportion increased in almost all countries and territories compared with 1990. […] Anxiety disorder is still the most common mental illness in the world and has a striking impact on the global burden of disease. […] The incidence of anxiety disorders is on the rise worldwide, but the huge geographic disparity represents the complexity in the intervention of anxiety disorders. […] Comprehensive and accurate regional and national anxiety disorder data are the basic prerequisites for policy-makers to allocate limited resources and formulate policies rationally. […] The GBD 2019 Study, a systematical worldwide epidemiological study, quantifies the morbidity, mortality, disability of 369 diseases along with 87 risk factors by location, sex, age and year, which provides a unique opportunity to understand the state of anxiety.
#39 Global, regional and national burden of anxiety disorders from 1990 to 2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 | Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences | Cambridge Core
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/epidemiology-and-psychiatric-sciences/article/global-regional-and-national-burden-of-anxiety-disorders-from-1990-to-2019-results-from-the-global-burden-of-disease-study-2019/9ABBDAE4017CDE11476B9DB51F75C32F
Our results demonstrated that 7.07% of global DALYs caused by anxiety disorders can be attributed to bullying victimisation in 2019, especially among the population aged 5-39 years. […] Understanding the specific characteristics of anxiety disorders burden across the world and reducing risk factors such as bullying, establishing effective mental health knowledge dissemination, improving early diagnosis and performing diversified intervention strategies are of utmost importance to formulate more effective and targeted intervention and control of anxiety disorders.
#40
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/anxiety-disorders
Anxiety disorders are the worlds most common mental disorders, affecting 301 million people in 2019. […] An estimated 4% of the global population currently experience an anxiety disorder (1). In 2019, 301 million people in the world had an anxiety disorder, making anxiety disorders the most common of all mental disorders (1). […] Although highly effective treatments for anxiety disorders exist, only about 1 in 4 people in need (27.6%) receive any treatment (2). […] Anxiety disorders, like other mental health conditions, result from a complex interaction of social, psychological and biological factors. […] Effective community based approaches to prevent anxiety include parental education and school-based programmes to enhance social and emotional learning and build positive coping in children and adolescents.
#41
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/anxiety-disorders
Anxiety disorders are the worlds most common mental disorders, affecting 301 million people in 2019. […] An estimated 4% of the global population currently experience an anxiety disorder (1). In 2019, 301 million people in the world had an anxiety disorder, making anxiety disorders the most common of all mental disorders (1). […] Although highly effective treatments for anxiety disorders exist, only about 1 in 4 people in need (27.6%) receive any treatment (2). […] Anxiety disorders, like other mental health conditions, result from a complex interaction of social, psychological and biological factors. […] Effective community based approaches to prevent anxiety include parental education and school-based programmes to enhance social and emotional learning and build positive coping in children and adolescents.
#42 Frequency and predictors of depression and anxiety in chronic illnesses: A multi disease study across non-communicable and communicable diseases | PLOS One
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0323126
Depression and anxiety are among the most common mental health conditions globally that impact the lifestyle of affected individuals. […] The prevalence of depression and anxiety is not only rising in the general population but is also alarmingly high among individuals with chronic illnesses. […] We found higher frequency of depression (31% vs 11%; p=0.001) and anxiety (13.25% vs 6%; p=0.021) among cases as compared to healthy controls respectively. […] There is a significantly higher percentage of depression and anxiety among participants with chronic diseases. It calls for a comprehensive approach to patient care that incorporates mental health as a fundamental aspect of the treatment and management of chronic diseases. Understanding the predictors of severe depression across different chronic conditions helps in stratifying patients who may benefit most from integrated psychiatric and psychological interventions. […] This study adds to the growing body of evidence that chronic physical health conditions are a significant predictor of mental health problems, particularly depression and anxiety.
#43 Report from the Canadian Chronic Disease Surveillance System: Mood and Anxiety Disorders in Canada, 2016 – Canada.ca
https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/publications/diseases-conditions/report-canadian-chronic-disease-surveillance-system-mood-anxiety-disorders-canada-2016.html
In 2009/10, Nova Scotia had the highest age-standardized prevalence of the use of health services for mood and anxiety disorders (11.6%), while the lowest was observed in the Northwest Territories (5.8%). […] These jurisdictional variations may in part be explained by differences in detection and treatment practices as well as differences in data coding, database submissions, remuneration models and shadow billing practices. […] A higher prevalence of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and to a lesser degree ischemic heart disease, diabetes and hypertension, was observed among people who used health services for mood and anxiety disorders compared to those who did not. […] Future work involving the CCDSS related to mood and anxiety disorders includes but is not limited to: the ongoing collection and reporting of data on mood and anxiety disorders; developing an approach to study the chronicity of mood and anxiety disorders; and exploring other comorbid diseases and conditions.
#44 Data link long-term COVID-related loss of smell to depression, anxiety | CIDRAP
https://www.cidrap.umn.edu/covid-19/data-link-long-term-covid-related-loss-smell-depression-anxiety
COVID-19 survivors who lose their sense of smell for at least 6 months have more serious depression and anxiety than those without the dysfunction, University of Mons researchers in Belgium write in the Journal of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. […] While the causality relationship remains unclear, depression and anxiety symptoms must be investigated in this subgroup of patients with long COVID-19. […] The average PHQ-9 score was significantly higher in OD patients (6.12; mild depression) than in controls (4.4; minimal depression), as were average GAD-7 scores (4.6 vs 3.5; mild and minimal anxiety, respectively). […] Rates of mild-to-severe depression (51.2% vs 44.1%) and mild-to-severe anxiety (39.5% vs 32.4%) were significantly higher in OD patients than in controls; OD patients had a significantly higher percentage of moderate and severe depression and anxiety than those with intact olfaction.
#45
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4610617/
Anxiety disorders, including panic disorder with or without agoraphobia, generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, specific phobias, and separation anxiety disorder, are the most prevalent mental disorders and are associated with immense health care costs and a high burden of disease. According to large population-based surveys, up to 33.7% of the population are affected by an anxiety disorder during their lifetime. […] There is no evidence that the prevalence rates of anxiety disorders have changed in the past years. […] In cross-cultural comparisons, prevalence rates are highly variable. […] Anxiety disorders follow a chronic course; however, there is a natural decrease in prevalence rates with older age. […] Anxiety disorders are highly comorbid with other anxiety disorders and other mental disorders.
#46
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4610617/
In clinical settings, the relative proportion of comorbid cases is usually higher than that found in representative population surveys, because individuals with two concomitant disorders, suffering from a high overall burden, are more likely to seek treatment than individuals with only one disorder. […] Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent psychiatric disorders. According to epidemiological surveys, one third of the population is affected by an anxiety disorder during their lifetime. […] There is no evidence that the prevalence rates have changed in the past years. […] High comorbidity is found among the anxiety disorders and between the anxiety disorders and other mental disorders, respectively. […] Epidemiologic studies may help in planning treatment and prevention programs, and they may also help us to better understand the etiology of these disorders.
#47
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4610617/
In clinical settings, the relative proportion of comorbid cases is usually higher than that found in representative population surveys, because individuals with two concomitant disorders, suffering from a high overall burden, are more likely to seek treatment than individuals with only one disorder. […] Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent psychiatric disorders. According to epidemiological surveys, one third of the population is affected by an anxiety disorder during their lifetime. […] There is no evidence that the prevalence rates have changed in the past years. […] High comorbidity is found among the anxiety disorders and between the anxiety disorders and other mental disorders, respectively. […] Epidemiologic studies may help in planning treatment and prevention programs, and they may also help us to better understand the etiology of these disorders.
#48 Epidemiology of Anxiety Disorders | SpringerLink
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/7854_2009_9
This chapter presents an overview of the descriptive epidemiology of anxiety disorders based on recently completed surveys of the general population. The overall prevalence of anxiety disorders is shown to be quite high, but with considerable variation from the most prevalent (specific phobias) to the least prevalent (agoraphobia without a history of panic disorder) disorders. […] Anxiety disorders are highly comorbid with each other and with other mental disorders. Because of their early AOO, they are often the temporally primary disorders in comorbid profiles, raising the question whether early interventions to treat anxiety disorders might have a positive effect on the onset, persistence, or severity of secondary disorders such as mood and substance use disorders. This possibility has not yet been extensively explored but warrants further study given the high societal costs of anxiety disorders.
#49 Any Anxiety Disorder – National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/any-anxiety-disorder
An estimated 19.1% of U.S. adults had any anxiety disorder in the past year. […] Past year prevalence of any anxiety disorder was higher for females (23.4%) than for males (14.3%). […] An estimated 31.1% of U.S. adults experience any anxiety disorder at some time in their lives. […] Among adults with any anxiety disorder, an estimated 22.8% had serious impairment, and 33.7% had moderate impairment. […] A majority of people with any anxiety disorder experienced mild impairment (43.5%). […] An estimated 31.9% of adolescents had any anxiety disorder. […] Of adolescents with any anxiety disorder, an estimated 8.3% had severe impairment. […] The prevalence of any anxiety disorder among adolescents was higher for females (38.0%) than for males (26.1%).
#50 Any Anxiety Disorder – National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/any-anxiety-disorder
An estimated 19.1% of U.S. adults had any anxiety disorder in the past year. […] Past year prevalence of any anxiety disorder was higher for females (23.4%) than for males (14.3%). […] An estimated 31.1% of U.S. adults experience any anxiety disorder at some time in their lives. […] Among adults with any anxiety disorder, an estimated 22.8% had serious impairment, and 33.7% had moderate impairment. […] A majority of people with any anxiety disorder experienced mild impairment (43.5%). […] An estimated 31.9% of adolescents had any anxiety disorder. […] Of adolescents with any anxiety disorder, an estimated 8.3% had severe impairment. […] The prevalence of any anxiety disorder among adolescents was higher for females (38.0%) than for males (26.1%).
#51 Mental Health Surveillance Among Children â United States, 2013â2019 | MMWR
https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/su/su7102a1.htm
Mental health surveillance focuses on determining the prevalence of health conditions, can be used to monitor trends and changes in prevalence across subpopulations, and increases knowledge about sociodemographic and geographic differences in health indicators, which in turn increases knowledge of social determinants of health that affect health equity. […] Estimates from previous surveillance efforts and research studies indicate that approximately one in five children and adolescents experience a mental disorder each year; approximately two in five children and adolescents will meet criteria for a mental disorder by age 18 years, and one half of mental disorders have an onset before age 14 years. […] A 2013 report described federal surveillance efforts that included measures of children’s mental health and mental disorders. The report identified gaps in children’s mental health surveillance, including the need for surveillance of anxiety disorders (overall and by specific type), bipolar disorder, and other mental disorders that occur less commonly in children.
#52
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4610617/
Epidemiologic studies in psychiatry may help in assessing the importance of a certain disorder in order to develop treatment strategies and in planning special health prevention programs. […] The only way to obtain reliable prevalence rates is a so-called doorknock survey, in which representative samples are collected by using methods known from population polls. […] Some representative surveys have been conducted in recent years, using complex sampling methods, well-defined diagnostic criteria, elaborate questionnaires, and sophisticated statistical methods. […] According to these surveys, specific phobias and SAD are the most common disorders. […] Even the representative population surveys show substantial discrepancies in prevalence rates. […] However, actual differences between the investigated populations may also exist, which may be due to biological differences across races and ethnic groups.
#53
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4610617/
Epidemiologic studies in psychiatry may help in assessing the importance of a certain disorder in order to develop treatment strategies and in planning special health prevention programs. […] The only way to obtain reliable prevalence rates is a so-called doorknock survey, in which representative samples are collected by using methods known from population polls. […] Some representative surveys have been conducted in recent years, using complex sampling methods, well-defined diagnostic criteria, elaborate questionnaires, and sophisticated statistical methods. […] According to these surveys, specific phobias and SAD are the most common disorders. […] Even the representative population surveys show substantial discrepancies in prevalence rates. […] However, actual differences between the investigated populations may also exist, which may be due to biological differences across races and ethnic groups.
#54 Report from the Canadian Chronic Disease Surveillance System: Mood and Anxiety Disorders in Canada, 2016 – Canada.ca
https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/publications/diseases-conditions/report-canadian-chronic-disease-surveillance-system-mood-anxiety-disorders-canada-2016.html
Mood and anxiety disorders are the most common types of mental illnesses in Canada and throughout the world. […] The CCDSS identified individuals as having used health services for mood and anxiety disorders if they met a minimum requirement of at least one physician claim, or one hospital discharge abstract in a given year listing diagnostic codes for mood and anxiety disorders from the 9th or 10th edition of the International Classification of Diseases. […] About three-quarters of Canadians who used health services for a mental illness annually consulted for mood and anxiety disorders. In 2009/10, almost 3.5 million Canadians (or 10%) used health services for mood and anxiety disorders. […] The highest prevalence was observed among those aged 30 to 54 followed by those 55 years and older, while the largest relative increases in prevalence were found among children and youth (aged 5 to 14 years); although in absolute terms, these increases were less than one percent.
#55 Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) – Mental Health Screening – National HIV Curriculum
https://www.hiv.uw.edu/page/mental-health-screening/gad-7
When screening for anxiety disorders, a score of 8 or greater represents a reasonable cut-point for identifying probable cases of generalized anxiety disorder; further diagnostic assessment is warranted to determine the presence and type of anxiety disorder. Using a cut-off of 8 the GAD-7 has a sensitivity of 92% and specificity of 76% for diagnosis generalized anxiety disorder. […] Although designed as a screening tool for generalized anxiety, the GAD-7 is also performs reasonably well as a screening tool for three other common anxiety disorders: Panic Disorder, Social Anxiety Disorder, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. […] Performance of GAD-7 as Screening Tool for Anxiety Disorders (Using GAD-7 Score Cut-off of 10) Test Sensitivity Specificity Positive Likelihood Ratio Generalized Anxiety Disorder 89% 82% 5.1 Panic Disorder 74% 81% 3.9 Social Anxiety Disorder 72% 80% 3.6 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder 66% 81% 3.5 Any anxiety disorder 68% 88% 5.5
#56
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/anxiety-disorders
Anxiety disorders are the worlds most common mental disorders, affecting 301 million people in 2019. […] An estimated 4% of the global population currently experience an anxiety disorder (1). In 2019, 301 million people in the world had an anxiety disorder, making anxiety disorders the most common of all mental disorders (1). […] Although highly effective treatments for anxiety disorders exist, only about 1 in 4 people in need (27.6%) receive any treatment (2). […] Anxiety disorders, like other mental health conditions, result from a complex interaction of social, psychological and biological factors. […] Effective community based approaches to prevent anxiety include parental education and school-based programmes to enhance social and emotional learning and build positive coping in children and adolescents.
#57
https://journals.lww.com/indianjpsychiatry/fulltext/2022/64020/prevalence_and_its_correlates_of_anxiety_disorders.5.aspx
Epidemiological surveys estimating the prevalence of ADs in developing countries like India are limited. […] Toward strengthening mental health services across India, National Mental Health Survey (NMHS) 2016 was conducted to understand the burden of mental disorders. It focused on current prevalence estimates, treatment gaps, and the disability of mental disorders in a nationally representative population. […] The current weighted prevalence of total ADs was 2.57% among the adult general population in the present survey. Among ADs, agoraphobia was most common (1.6%), followed by GAD (0.57%). […] The present survey shows the treatment gap of ADs to be 82.9%. […] This nationally representative study draws attention to an urgent need to plan, develop, and implement a service strategy for managing ADs that pose a similar or possibly a greater burden than depressive disorders. The wider treatment gap further reiterates the call for urgent action.
#58 The cross-national epidemiology of social anxiety disorder: Data from the World Mental Health Survey Initiative | BMC Medicine | Full Text
https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-017-0889-2
The WHO World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative provides an important opportunity to investigate the epidemiology of SAD across a range of countries. […] SAD is associated with substantial impairment in multiple domains of role functioning in the WMH data. […] The proportion of respondents with severe role impairment varies significantly by country and by WHO region. […] Both 30-day and lifetime risk of SAD are associated with younger AOO, female gender, not being employed, being unmarried, lower educational status, and low household income. […] Among those with 12-month SAD, the percentage reporting treatment of any kind in the past 12 months differs significantly by impairment, with 38% receiving any treatment. […] The data indicate that across the world, SAD is a prevalent condition that is characterized by early age of onset, as well as disorder and episode persistence.
#59
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/anxiety-disorders
There are several effective treatments for anxiety disorders. […] Psychological interventions are essential treatments for anxiety disorders and refer primarily to talk therapy with professionals or supervised lay therapists. […] Antidepressant medications, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), can also be useful in treating adults with anxiety disorders. […] Generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder are included in the priority conditions covered by WHOs mhGAP Programme.
#60 Global, regional and national burden of anxiety disorders from 1990 to 2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 | Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences | Cambridge Core
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/epidemiology-and-psychiatric-sciences/article/global-regional-and-national-burden-of-anxiety-disorders-from-1990-to-2019-results-from-the-global-burden-of-disease-study-2019/9ABBDAE4017CDE11476B9DB51F75C32F
In 2019, 7.07% of the global DALYs due to anxiety disorders were attributable to bullying victimisation, mainly among the population aged 5-39 years, and the proportion increased in almost all countries and territories compared with 1990. […] Anxiety disorder is still the most common mental illness in the world and has a striking impact on the global burden of disease. […] The incidence of anxiety disorders is on the rise worldwide, but the huge geographic disparity represents the complexity in the intervention of anxiety disorders. […] Comprehensive and accurate regional and national anxiety disorder data are the basic prerequisites for policy-makers to allocate limited resources and formulate policies rationally. […] The GBD 2019 Study, a systematical worldwide epidemiological study, quantifies the morbidity, mortality, disability of 369 diseases along with 87 risk factors by location, sex, age and year, which provides a unique opportunity to understand the state of anxiety.
#61 Global, regional and national burden of anxiety disorders from 1990 to 2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 | Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences | Cambridge Core
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/epidemiology-and-psychiatric-sciences/article/global-regional-and-national-burden-of-anxiety-disorders-from-1990-to-2019-results-from-the-global-burden-of-disease-study-2019/9ABBDAE4017CDE11476B9DB51F75C32F
Our results demonstrated that 7.07% of global DALYs caused by anxiety disorders can be attributed to bullying victimisation in 2019, especially among the population aged 5-39 years. […] Understanding the specific characteristics of anxiety disorders burden across the world and reducing risk factors such as bullying, establishing effective mental health knowledge dissemination, improving early diagnosis and performing diversified intervention strategies are of utmost importance to formulate more effective and targeted intervention and control of anxiety disorders.
#62 Generalised Anxiety Stigma Scale (GASS) | ANU National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health
https://nceph.anu.edu.au/research/tools-resources/generalised-anxiety-stigma-scale-gass
The Generalised Anxiety Stigma Scale (GASS) measures stigma associated with generalized anxiety disorder, helping researchers and clinicians understand public perceptions and internalized stigma in affected individuals. […] The Generalised Anxiety Stigma Scale is designed to measure stigma associated with anxiety disorders. It has two subscales which measure two different types of stigma: personal and perceived. […] The psychometric properties below are based on a community sample of 617 Australian adults aged 18-65 randomly selected from one urban setting and one rural setting in NSW and 212 in the follow up sample. […] GASS- Personal Stigma Subscale = 0.86 […] GASS- Perceived Stigma Subscale = 0.91 […] GASS- Personal Stigma Subscale r = 0.58 […] GASS- Perceived Stigma Subscale r = 0.55
#63 Generalised Anxiety Stigma Scale (GASS) | ANU National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health
https://nceph.anu.edu.au/research/tools-resources/generalised-anxiety-stigma-scale-gass
The following shows the percentage of respondents endorsing either agree or strongly agree. […] Most people think that an anxiety disorder is not a real medical illness. 56.0 […] Most people think that an anxiety disorder is a sign of personal weakness. 52.7 […] Most people think that people with an anxiety disorder could snap out of it if they wanted to. 55.3 […] Most people think that people with an anxiety disorder should be ashamed of themselves. 20.1 […] Most people think that people with an anxiety disorder do not make suitable employees. 48.4 […] Most people think that people with an anxiety disorder are unstable. 58.9 […] Most people think that people with an anxiety disorder are to blame for their problem. 41.6 […] Most people think that people with an anxiety disorder are just lazy. 24.5 […] Most people think that people with an anxiety disorder are a danger to others. 28.7 […] Most people think that people with an anxiety disorder are self-centred. 32.7
#64
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4610617/
Epidemiologic studies in psychiatry may help in assessing the importance of a certain disorder in order to develop treatment strategies and in planning special health prevention programs. […] The only way to obtain reliable prevalence rates is a so-called doorknock survey, in which representative samples are collected by using methods known from population polls. […] Some representative surveys have been conducted in recent years, using complex sampling methods, well-defined diagnostic criteria, elaborate questionnaires, and sophisticated statistical methods. […] According to these surveys, specific phobias and SAD are the most common disorders. […] Even the representative population surveys show substantial discrepancies in prevalence rates. […] However, actual differences between the investigated populations may also exist, which may be due to biological differences across races and ethnic groups.
#65
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4610617/
In clinical settings, the relative proportion of comorbid cases is usually higher than that found in representative population surveys, because individuals with two concomitant disorders, suffering from a high overall burden, are more likely to seek treatment than individuals with only one disorder. […] Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent psychiatric disorders. According to epidemiological surveys, one third of the population is affected by an anxiety disorder during their lifetime. […] There is no evidence that the prevalence rates have changed in the past years. […] High comorbidity is found among the anxiety disorders and between the anxiety disorders and other mental disorders, respectively. […] Epidemiologic studies may help in planning treatment and prevention programs, and they may also help us to better understand the etiology of these disorders.
#66 Epidemiology of anxiety disorders: global burden and sociodemographic associations | Middle East Current Psychiatry | Full Text
https://mecp.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s43045-023-00315-3
Disease epidemiology is critical for understanding population trends, such as whether or not anxiety is increasing, covariates associated with changing trends, and factors involved in the control and management of anxiety disorders. […] A comprehensive epidemiological study of the global burden of anxiety disorders, as well as their sociodemographic associations, is needed to evaluate population-wide trends and potential factors associated with anxiety, as well as to more efficiently target health promotion efforts to reduce the economic and social burden associated with this mental health issue. […] The global prevalence of anxiety continues to increase, along with the associated social and economic burdens of anxiety disorders. Higher rates of anxiety disorders were associated with more economic development, a higher dependent older population, and urbanization.
#67 Epidemiology of anxiety disorders: global burden and sociodemographic associations | Middle East Current Psychiatry | Full Text
https://mecp.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s43045-023-00315-3
Disease epidemiology is critical for understanding population trends, such as whether or not anxiety is increasing, covariates associated with changing trends, and factors involved in the control and management of anxiety disorders. […] A comprehensive epidemiological study of the global burden of anxiety disorders, as well as their sociodemographic associations, is needed to evaluate population-wide trends and potential factors associated with anxiety, as well as to more efficiently target health promotion efforts to reduce the economic and social burden associated with this mental health issue. […] The global prevalence of anxiety continues to increase, along with the associated social and economic burdens of anxiety disorders. Higher rates of anxiety disorders were associated with more economic development, a higher dependent older population, and urbanization.
#68 Global, regional and national burden of anxiety disorders from 1990 to 2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 | Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences | Cambridge Core
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/epidemiology-and-psychiatric-sciences/article/global-regional-and-national-burden-of-anxiety-disorders-from-1990-to-2019-results-from-the-global-burden-of-disease-study-2019/9ABBDAE4017CDE11476B9DB51F75C32F
Our findings would help increase the world’s attention to anxiety disorders, as well as design targeted strategies for the prevention and intervention of anxiety disorders adapting the specific characteristics in different regions. […] The ASIR of anxiety disorders significantly increased in middle, low-middle and low SDI regions from 1990 to 2019. […] The largest increase in ASIR was observed in Tropical Latin America, followed by Central Latin America and South Asia, whereas East Asia, high-income Asia Pacific and Central Asia presented a downward trend in the ASIRs. […] The ASIR of anxiety disorders among women was somewhat greater than men, especially among the people aged 55-64 years. […] The incidence rate of anxiety disorders rose to a peak at age 10-14 years, remained relatively high level until age 40-44 years, and dropped substantially afterward among both sexes in 2019.