Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Vulvodynia – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vulvodynia/symptoms-causes/syc-20353423

  Vulvodynia (vul-voe-DIN-e-uh) is a type of long-term pain or discomfort around the outer part of the female genitals, called the vulva. It lasts at least three months and has no clear cause. The main vulvodynia symptom is pain in the vulva, which includes the opening of the vagina. The pain often is described as: Burning. Irritation. Stinging. Rawness. Soreness. Sharp or knife-like pain. You also may feel aching, throbbing and swelling. How often the symptoms happen and where exactly they’re felt varies from person to person. Your pain might be constant, or it may come and go. It might flare up only when the vulva is touched. You might feel the pain throughout your entire vulva. This is called generalized vulvodynia. Or the pain may flare up in a certain area, such as the tissue surrounding the opening of the vagina, called the vestibule. This is known as localized vulvodynia, and it’s more common than the generalized kind. The tissue of the vulva might look slightly inflamed or swollen. More often, your vulva doesn’t look different than usual.

• #2 Vulvodynia: Causes, Symptoms, Management & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17878-vulvodynia

  Vulvodynia is pain in your vulva that lasts longer than three months. The pain can be so life-altering that it keeps you from engaging in activities you enjoy. Vulvodynia is chronic pain in your vulva, and or vagina or genitals, with no apparent cause. Vulvodynia is pain lasting three or more months that isn’t an obvious symptom of a specific condition. The pain can be so draining that it keeps you from doing activities you enjoy. […] Vulvodynia can be so stressful that it’s life-altering. With vulvodynia, pain from sitting for too long can make it challenging to do your job. The difficulty or impossibility of sexual intercourse can damage relationships. You may have a harder time falling and staying asleep. Clothing options can be limited. […] The pain associated with vulvodynia feels different to different people. The pain in your vulva may range from mild to severe. It may feel like burning, stinging, stabbing, itching, rawness, or throbbing. You may feel the pain in one spot, the pain may shift from one place to another, or the pain may feel spread out throughout your entire vulva.

• #3 Vulvodynia (vulval pain)

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vulvodynia/

  Vulvodynia is pain in the vulva (area around the outside of the vagina) that lasts at least 3 months and does not have a specific cause. It can have a big effect on your life, but there are treatments that can help. […] There’s usually no change to the way your vulva looks, but it may feel uncomfortable or painful. […] The pain may feel like: burning, throbbing, stabbing, soreness. […] The pain can also: affect all or part of your vulva, be constant or come and go, start on its own or when your vulva is touched for example, when inserting a tampon or having sex, affect other areas, such as the inside of your thighs, around your bottom (anus), or the area where pee leaves your body (urethra), sometimes start when you have a poo. […] Vulvodynia can have a big impact on your life, affecting things like your sleep, concentration and sexual relationships.

• #4 Vulvodynia Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/vulvodynia

  Vulvodynia is a pain disorder of the vulva. This is the outside area of a woman’s genitals. Vulvodynia causes severe pain, burning, and stinging of the vulva. […] There are two main types of vulvodynia: Localized vulvodynia. This is pain in just one area of the vulva, usually the opening of the vagina (vestibule). The pain often occurs due to pressure on the area, such as from sexual intercourse, inserting a tampon, or sitting for a long time. Generalized vulvodynia. This is pain in different areas of the vulva. The pain is fairly constant, with some periods of relief. Pressure on the vulva, such as from sitting for a long time or wearing tight pants can make symptoms worse. […] The vulvar pain is often: Sharp, Burning, Itching, Throbbing. […] You may feel symptoms all the time or just some of the time. At times, you may feel pain in the area between your vagina and anus (perineum) and in the inner thighs.

• #5 Vulvodynia: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

  https://www.webmd.com/women/vulvodynia

  Vulvodynia is a chronic pain condition affecting the vulva (outer female genitals). It usually lasts more than three months, and there’s no known cause. […] Symptoms of vulvodynia usually begin suddenly and can last anywhere from months to years. […] The most common symptoms of vulvodynia include: Burning, stinging, or rawness; Aching, soreness, or throbbing; Itching. […] A burning pain is the single most common vulvodynia symptom. Some women describe it as a knife-like pain or like someone poured acid on their skin. […] Most of the time, your vulva will look normal, but it might appear inflamed or swollen. […] Vulvodynia symptoms aren’t life-threatening, but they can have a huge effect on your life. Vulvar pain can take a toll on your normal activities. […] If having sex is painful, and you’ve tried the topical anesthetic and ice cubes, consider trying a different sexual position. […] There’s no one treatment for vulvodynia that works for all women. You may need to try a mix of things for the best results.

• #6 Vulvodynia: cause, symptoms & treatment – USZ

  https://www.usz.ch/en/disease/vulvodynia/

  Vulvodynia is extremely unpleasant for women: the area of the external genital organs burns, stings, itches and hurts. In the vulva area, which includes the mons veneris, labia and clitoris, they experience itching, burning, stinging and pain. Some describe their sensations as if they were being mauled with electric shocks, needles or a knife. Often no gynecological or dermatological causes for the symptoms can be found. […] The symptoms of vulvodynia vary from woman to woman and also vary in severity. The discomfort can occur spontaneously without any trigger, but also due to pressure, friction or touch. This mechanical irritation takes place, for example, through sex, cycling, prolonged sitting, and wearing panty liners, tampons, and tight clothing. […] The following complaints are common: Burning sensation that may extend to the clitoris and anus, Pricking like with fine needles or a knife, Pain it can start spontaneously or with touch and penetration, Feeling of dryness or soreness, Itching, Pain during sexual intercourse when the partner penetrates the vagina usually in the area of the vaginal entrance. Sometimes penetration is not possible at all because of the pain. The pain can last for hours or even days.

• #7 Vulval pain | Jean Hailes

  https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/vulva-vagina/vulval-pain

  Vulvodynia is the medical term for chronic pain or discomfort in the vulva that lasts for at least three months. Any pressure applied to your vulva, such as having sex, inserting a tampon, using toilet paper or sitting for prolonged periods of time can be unbearable. […] The most common symptom of vulvodynia is a painful, raw or burning sensation. Some women describe the pain as stinging, tearing, stabbing, throbbing or itching. Most sexually active women will report that sex is painful or impossible. […] Vulvodynia pain can be caused by pressure or touch (provoked), or it can happen for no reason (unprovoked). […] Vulvodynia can have a big impact on your life. It can stop you from doing everyday activities and reduce your sexual desire. Fear of sex can also cause spasms in and around your pelvic floor muscles (vaginismus).

• #8 What is Vulvodynia?

  https://www.nva.org/what-is-vulvodynia/

  Vulvodynia, simply put, is chronic vulvar pain without an identifiable cause. The location, constancy and severity of the pain vary among sufferers. Some women experience pain in only one area of the vulva, while others experience pain in multiple areas. The most commonly reported symptom is burning, but womens descriptions of the pain vary. One woman reported her pain felt like acid being poured on my skin, while another described it as constant knife-like pain. […] Most women have pain at only one vulvar site. If the pain is in the vestibule, the tissue surrounding the vaginal opening, the diagnosis is vestibulodynia (formerly known as vulvar vestibulitis syndrome (VVS)). […] The majority of women with localized vulvodynia have Provoked Vestibulodynia (PVD), in which pain occurs during or after pressure is applied to the vestibule, e.g., with sexual intercourse, tampon insertion, a gynecologic examination, prolonged sitting, and/or wearing fitted pants. […] For women with generalized vulvodynia (GV), pain occurs spontaneously and is relatively constant, but there can be some periods of symptom relief. Activities that apply pressure to the vulva, such as prolonged sitting or sexual intercourse, typically exacerbate symptoms.

• #9 Generalised vulvodynia

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/generalised-vulvodynia

  Generalised vulvodynia is one of the most common types of vulvodynia or vulval pain of unknown cause. […] Vulvodynia is defined by the International Society for the Study of Vulvovaginal Diseases (ISSVD) as vulvar pain of at least 3 months duration, without a clearly identifiable cause. […] Generalised vulvodynia describes widespread pain throughout the vulvar region where there is no physical explanation for it. Pain may be present in the labia, clitoris, vestibule, perineum, mon pubis, and inner thighs. Pain may be constant or unprovoked by touch or pressure to the vulva. Activities such as intercourse, bicycle riding, and horse riding may make symptoms worse. […] Patients with generalised vulvodynia may describe intermittent or continuous symptoms, including: Widespread, generalised vulvar discomfort and pain, not altered by position or activity (vulvar burning only when sitting suggests pudendal nerve entrapment); Burning, raw feeling, irritation, throbbing, stinging sensation in the vulva; Poking, as if needle stuck in the vulva, vagina and/or anus; Pain may be initiated by light touch or pressure (this is called allodynia), but it often occurs spontaneously; Pain and discomfort sometimes experienced in the urethra or rectum; Sexual intercourse may be unpleasant, difficult or impossible due to discomfort; Associated stress-related and chronic pain conditions such as headaches, face, tongue and mouth pain (burning mouth syndrome), fibromyalgia, irritable bowel syndrome, painful bladder syndrome, bloating, fatigue, sleep problems and eating disorders. […] By definition, the cause of generalised vulvodynia is unknown. Current theories consider generalised vulvodynia is a chronic pain syndrome related to hypersensitive nerves. […] Women who suffer from generalised vulvodynia require a range of treatments to help overcome their cycle of endless pain.

• #10 Vulval Pain – Pelvic Pain Foundation

  https://www.pelvicpain.org.au/vulval-pain/

  The Vulva is the area of skin between your legs. It includes the labia, which are the flaps of skin that surround the opening of the vagina. Many different conditions can make this area painful or irritated. It may be painful due to an infection such as thrush. It may be painful due to a skin condition like dermatitis or lichen sclerosis. […] However, sometimes it can be painful without any infection or skin condition being present. […] If these are normal, but you have pain, then you may have a ‘Vulval Pain Syndrome’. This means that you have pain in the Vulva, but no abnormality can be found. Your pain is real, but it is a pain that can’t be seen by others. This pain can feel just the same as pain from an infection or skin condition. […] Sometimes, it is previous infections or skin problems that can trigger the Vulval Pain Syndrome. Sometimes the Vulval pain starts for no known reason.

• #11 Vulvodynia: How to Recognize and Treat this Chronic Pain of the Vulva

  https://mydoctor.kaiserpermanente.org/mas/news/vulvodynia-how-to-recognize-and-treat-this-chronic-pain-of-the-vulva-2012598

  Vulvodynia is pain or discomfort of the vulva that lasts for at least three months. […] Symptoms vary but women may describe the pain as mild aching, soreness, throbbing, intense burning or a stinging sensation. The pain may be constant for some women, and it may come and go for others. […] Some women feel pain when there’s a trigger. This is called „provoked” vulvodynia. […] Other women feel pain constantly. This is referred to as „unprovoked” vulvodynia. […] Some women feel pain in one particular spot of the vulva; this is called localized pain. Others feel pain in the entire vulva; this is called generalized pain. […] There are several different causes and types of vulvodynia. […] Sexual trauma and injuries during childbirth can also lead to vulvodynia. […] Some women are at increased risk of developing vulvodynia, women who have anxiety, depression, repeated vaginal infections, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), or interstitial cystitis / bladder pain syndrome.

• #12 Vulvodynia – The Vulval Pain Society

  https://vulvalpainsociety.org/about-vulval-pain/vulval-pain-conditions/vulvodynia/

  Vulvodynia is the term used to describe the condition experienced by women who have the sensation of vulval burning and soreness in the absence of any obvious skin condition or infection. The pain described by women with unprovoked vulvodynia is often of a burning, aching nature. The intensity of pain can vary from mild discomfort to a severe constant pain which can even prevent you from sitting down comfortably. The pain is usually continuous and can interfere with sleep. Unprovoked vulvodynia can have an effect on sexual activity and is associated with pain during foreplay and penetration. […] In some women with unprovoked vulvodynia the burning sensation can be generalised over the whole genital area. Alternatively it can be localised to just the clitoris (clitorodynia) or just one side of the vulva (hemivulvodynia).

• #13 Persistent Vulvar Pain | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/committee-opinion/articles/2016/09/persistent-vulvar-pain

  Persistent vulvar pain is a complex disorder that frequently is frustrating to the patient and the clinician. It can be difficult to treat and rapid resolution is unusual, even with appropriate therapy. Vulvar pain can be caused by a specific disorder or it can be idiopathic. Idiopathic vulvar pain is classified as vulvodynia. […] Vulvar pain can be caused by a specific disorder or it can be idiopathic. Idiopathic vulvar pain is classified as vulvodynia. […] The classification of vulvodynia is based on the site of the pain; whether it is generalized, localized, or mixed; whether it is provoked, spontaneous, or mixed; whether the onset is primary or secondary; and the temporal pattern (whether the pain is intermittent, persistent, constant, immediate, or delayed). […] Although optimal treatment remains unclear, consider an individualized, multidisciplinary approach to address all physical and emotional aspects possibly attributable to vulvodynia.

• #14 How to Deal with Vulvodynia Symptoms: Chronic Vulvar Pain Causes and Treatment

  https://flo.health/menstrual-cycle/health/symptoms-and-diseases/can-vulvodynia-go-away

  Vulvodynia is chronic vulvar pain with no known cause. Persistent vulvar pain can be frustrating and difficult to diagnose. The main vulvodynia symptom is pain in the vulva, usually with the following characteristics: Burning, Stinging, Soreness, Rawness, Throbbing, Itching, Pain during sex (dyspareunia). The pain from vulvodynia might be constant or occasional. It may occur only when you touch the sensitive area (provoked). The pain might be generalized (you feel it in the entire vulva) or localized (you feel it in a particular place such as the vaginal opening). Vulvodynia is diagnosed when vulvar pain persists for three months or more without any detectable cause. Your vulvodynia symptoms may stop and start without any warning, or you may experience them only when touching the area. The irritation, burning, or pain from vulvodynia can cause so much discomfort that having sex or sitting for a long time can be nearly impossible. Treatment for vulvodynia can be difficult, and it can take a while to get better, even with the right treatment. Vulvodynia pain relief may take several weeks or months.

• #15 Pain 'Down There’? It Could be Vulvodynia

  https://www.sydneypelvicclinic.com.au/pain-down-there-it-could-be-vulvodynia/

  Vulvodynia is one of those conditions, characterized by vulva pain that lasts longer than three months. […] The most common symptom is the presence of consistent chronic pain that lasts longer than three months. This pain is often described as a burning/sore sensation. Other symptoms include stinging, throbbing, and itching at the vaginal opening. […] Painful sexual intercourse is another symptom, and often the way women find out they are dealing with chronic vulva pain. Those suffering from vulvodynia pain often find it difficult to do anything internally, whether it be tampon insertion, a pelvic exam, or sexual intercourse, because of the pain. […] Vulvodynia can impact women in a number of ways: […] The largest impact of this condition, for many women, is the way it impacts their sex life and intimate relationships. Experiencing chronic pain in the genital area is a huge hurdle to participating in sexual activity. An inability to participate can make many women depressed and worried about the negative impact the condition has on their intimate relationships.

• #16 Vulvodynia fact sheet – Melbourne Sexual Health Centre (MSHC)

  https://www.mshc.org.au/sexual-health/sexual-health-fact-sheets/vulvodynia

  Vulval discomfort related to LPV and SGV may range from none unless the area is touched, to frequent vulval awareness whilst sitting, walking or especially bicycling and horse riding. […] 'Afterburn may occur after intercourse, lasting minutes to hours to days. This type of burning or tenderness that persists after sex is typical of chronic pain when there are no irritants or infections present. […] Urinary symptoms often occur in vulval pain conditions, even without true bladder infection. Urinary symptoms include burning sensation during urination and urinary frequency. […] A diagnosis of vulvodynia is made by your doctor carefully detailing your symptoms and a physical examination. […] Most cases will eventually resolve without treatment, though this can take months or years. […] There is no strong evidence to support the role of particular diets in treating vulvodynia.

• #17 Localised Provoked Vulvodynia | Dr. Len Kliman

  https://drlenkliman.com.au/services/vulval-and-vaginal-skin-disorders/localised-provoked-vulvodynia/

  Localised provoked vulval pain is the term used to describe pain at penetration of the vagina. […] Pain during vaginal penetration during sexual activity is the most common symptom experienced by most women with localised provoked vulvodynia. The pain is described as burning, searing, stinging, tearing, throbbing and occasionally itchy. Some women may experience pain for several hours or days after intercourse. […] Many vulvar experts believe that there is no single treatment that will cure this disorder. Using a combination of treatments, incorporating physical therapy, sexual therapy, and direct treatment for the vestibule skin, is often the most successful in reducing pain. With this combined approach, most women will have significant improvement of their symptoms.

• #18 Vulvodynia: cause, symptoms & treatment – USZ

  https://www.usz.ch/en/disease/vulvodynia/

  Not every woman with vulvodynia necessarily experiences all symptoms. Also, the discomfort is not always the same, but changes throughout the day. They often intensify in the afternoon to evening. At night and in the morning, on the other hand, they are felt less intensely. The menstrual cycle can also influence the expression of symptoms. They often increase just before or after menstruation. Cold, humidity, physical activity and stress can also increase pain. […] We diagnose vulvodynia when the pain in the vulva area has persisted for at least three months, painful, burning or suddenly shooting sensations of the vulva occur in varying intensity and there is no visible damage or alteration of the external genitalia. […] The course and prognosis of vulvodynia cannot be generally predicted. They vary from woman to woman. However, there are many treatment options available today that can improve the symptoms. Often it is an interaction of several therapies which lead to improvement or cure of vulvodynia. This often makes normal everyday life and work possible again. Quality of life and enjoyment of life also often return with the right treatments.

• #19 When Should You Consider Treatment for Vulvodynia (Vulvar Pain) | New Age Women’s Health

  https://www.toplinemd.com/new-age-womens-health/when-should-you-consider-treatment-for-vulvodynia-vulvar-pain/

  Cyclic vulvitis. If the vulvar pain peaks during your menstrual cycle and subsides afterward, doctors refer to it as cyclic vulvitis. […] Vestibulodynia. Vulvar pain concentrated at the vestibule (i.e. the opening) of your vagina is known as vestibulodynia in medical circles. […] If you experience persistent sharp pain in your private area, you should visit a doctor who has expertise in this field. […] If the pain does not go away after the doctor’s visit within a reasonable amount of time and you still feel your vagina is throbbing or experience a stabbing pain in the vaginal area, ask the GP to refer you to a clinic are doctors who specialize in vulval matters. […] You will often not get much relief from vulvodynia symptoms such as your vagina throbbing by using over-the-counter painkillers such as Tylenol.

• #20 Vulvodynia Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/vulvodynia

  Vulvodynia may occur in teens or in women. Women with vulvodynia often complain of pain during sexual activity. It may occur after having sex the first time. Or, it may occur after years of sexual activity. […] Certain things may trigger symptoms: Sexual intercourse, Inserting a tampon, Wearing tight under wear or pants, Urinating, Sitting for a long time, Exercising or bicycling. […] Vulvodynia is diagnosed when all other possible causes have been excluded. […] Vulvodynia is often a complicated condition. It may take weeks to months to achieve some pain relief. Treatment may not ease all symptoms. A combination of treatments and lifestyle changes may work best to help manage the symptoms of vulvodynia. […] Having this condition can take a physical and emotional toll. It can cause: Depression and anxiety, Problems in personal relations, Sleep problems, Problems with sex. […] Contact your provider if you have symptoms of vulvodynia. Also contact your provider if you have vulvodynia and your symptoms get worse.

• #21 Vulvodynia | University of Utah Health

  https://healthcare.utah.edu/womens-health/gynecology/vulvodynia

  Pain in your vulva can occur for many reasons, including: douching or cleaning out the inside of your vagina with water or another solution, exercise, especially bike riding, inserting tampons, scented soaps or bath products, sex, sitting for too long, especially in damp exercise clothes or swimwear, or wearing synthetic underwear like nylon or polyester. […] Treatment is a trial-and-error process. You may need to try several treatments or a combination, including: oral or topical medications to stop nerve pain, physical therapy to relax the tissues and muscles in your pelvic floor, or surgery to remove tissue where you feel pain. […] If medicines and physical therapy don’t work, you may find pain relief from vestibulectomy surgery. The procedure removes the vestibule tissue where you feel pain. […] Surgery for vulvodynia is highly effective. Studies show that vestibulectomy surgery provides significant relief for 78.5 % of women and 89% have pain-free sex after the procedure.

• #22 Vulvodynia fact sheet – Melbourne Sexual Health Centre (MSHC)

  https://www.mshc.org.au/sexual-health/sexual-health-fact-sheets/vulvodynia

  Vulvodynia is treated as chronic pain and may be associated with pain conditions affecting other parts of the body. […] Symptoms of LPV can include pressure on the opening of the vagina, also known as the 'vestibule’, is felt as pain, touching with a cotton bud may produce a cut glass burning or tearing feeling, the clitoral area may be involved as well, vestibular pain may be felt during arousal before any direct touching happens, although this is uncommon, urinary burning and frequency can accompany vulval discomfort or occur alone with the same triggers, discomfort tends to persist minutes to days afterwards, and pain may occur with the first ever vaginal touch or penetration, or after years of comfortable touch and intercourse. […] Symptoms of SGV can include vulval pain felt as a burning sensation and a sensation of prickling, dryness or mild itch in the vulval area.

• #23

  https://christianacare.org/us/en/care/womens-healthcare/my-body/urogynecology/vulvodynia-and-vulvar-vestibulitis

  Vulvodynia is a condition associated with pain in the opening of the vagina. This includes tenderness and profound burning. Vulvar vestibulitis is a related condition marked by redness and inflammation in the vaginal opening. […] The severity of symptoms can range from mere irritation to incapacitating pain in the vulva, which is made up of the skin and underlying tissue at and around the opening of the pelvic organs. Classic complaints include: Chronic pelvic pain that is aggravated by tight clothing and contact with the vulva. Painful sexual intercourse. Burning with urination. Vaginal burning. Inability to wear certain clothing, particularly tight clothing. Inability to tolerate sanitary pads. […] Patients also might feel like they are experiencing recurrent bladder infections, with symptoms such as burning during urination, frequent urination and a strong urge to urinate. However, if they have vulvodynia or vulvar vestibulitis, a lab test will show no infection-causing bacteria in their urine. […] They also may develop other pain conditions, such as pelvic floor muscle dysfunction, interstitial cystitis, irritable bowel syndrome, endometriosis and fibromyalgia.

• #24

  https://www.gloshospitals.nhs.uk/your-visit/patient-information-leaflets/vulvodynia/

  Vulvodynia is the medical term used to describe pain in the vulva or female genital area where the skin looks healthy and no cause has been found. This discomfort can be felt during normal touch such as sex, inserting tampons or from clothing. […] Many women experience a burning, soreness and/or stinging sensation which can be felt in a specific place (localised vulvodynia) or over the whole vulva (generalised vulvodynia). Pain differs between women with this condition; it can vary from mild to severe. […] In some women the nerve endings become sensitive and interpret normal touch as pain (provoked vulvodynia). […] Some women will have pain that is not triggered by touch (spontaneous or unprovoked vulvodynia). […] Living with a long-term health condition, particularly a pain condition, can lead to low mood or anxiety. It is normal to have low interest in sex, difficulty reaching orgasm or lack of sensation – due to anxiety that sex may be painful.

• #25 Vulvodynia – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vulvodynia/symptoms-causes/syc-20353423

  Without treatment, vulvodynia can affect mental health, relationships and other aspects of your life. The condition is linked with anxiety and depression. It’s also tied to less sexual desire, arousal and enjoyment. Fear of having painful sex can cause spasms in the muscles around the vagina, a condition called vaginismus. Intimacy issues such as these lead many people with vulvodynia to say they feel shame, lower self-esteem, negative about body image and lacking as a sexual partner. The pain and other symptoms of vulvodynia might make it harder to keep up with work. You may feel less social too. And you may have trouble getting quality sleep.

• #26 Vulvodynia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulvodynia

  The pain can be provoked by touch („provoked”) or constant („unprovoked”). Some cases of vulvodynia are idiopathic where no specific cause can be determined. […] Vulvodynia has many different sub-types and causes. The disease is highly idiopathic. Identifying the cause is important to determine the appropriate treatment. […] Pain confined to the vulval vestibule, known as vestibulodynia, has at least three known sub-types: neuroproliferation, hormonally-mediated, and inflammation. […] Many co-morbidities are commonly associated with vulvodynia, including fibromyalgia, irritable bowel syndrome, interstitial cystitis, pelvic floor dysfunction, endometriosis, depression and anxiety disorders. […] The percentage of women affected is not entirely clear, but estimates range between 10-28%.

• #27 Vulvodynia – HealthyWomen

  https://www.healthywomen.org/condition/vulvodynia

  There is no known cure for vulvodynia. The main goals of treatment are to manage your pain, improve your quality of life (e.g., restore a healthy sex life and reduce anxiety), and prevent the recurrence of symptoms. […] The following section provides a snapshot of available treatments that have been beneficial in reducing pain symptoms: Basic vulvar care, Medications, Physical therapy and biofeedback training, Relaxation and breathing techniques, Diet modifications, Nerve blocks, Neurostimulation and spinal infusion pump, Surgery, Counseling. […] Almost two out of three (60 percent) of women with vulvodynia cannot have sexual intercourse because of the pain. […] The severity of the pain can worsen when women with this condition are stressed, depressed or anxious.

• #28 Vulvodynia fact sheet – Melbourne Sexual Health Centre (MSHC)

  https://www.mshc.org.au/sexual-health/sexual-health-fact-sheets/vulvodynia

  Anxiety and depression are common consequences of any chronic painful condition. Pre-existing stressors, fear of the anticipated pain, consequent poor arousal and poor lubrication may worsen the experience of pain. Sexual relationships invariably suffer even when both partners have a good understanding of the condition and are mutually supportive.

• #29 What is vulvodynia?

  https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20180725-the-health-condition-vulvodynia-is-painful-and-misunderstood

  Not only is vulvodynia physically painful, it can take an emotional and mental toll on women and their most intimate relationships, as well. […] It’s a huge disruption in peoples lives and can be very socially isolating, says Stoehr, who has had patients go through divorces sparked by their conditions. […] The condition can make sitting painful which means those who have it can find it difficult or impossible to work.

• #30 Vulvodynia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430792/

  Chronic pain may disrupt daily activities, exercise, and sexual function, leading to distress and strained intimate relationships. […] Many patients experience anxiety, depression, and a diminished quality of life due to persistent discomfort and frustration with delayed diagnosis. […] With appropriate care, many individuals experience reduced pain intensity and improved daily functioning.

• #31 Vulvodynia: Causes, Symptoms, Management & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17878-vulvodynia

  The pain may start and stop unpredictably over several months. It may last nonstop for several months. It may begin all of a sudden with no obvious cause. It may start when you’re touched or participating in an activity like sex, exercise, running, walking, inserting a tampon or even sitting. Any of these activities can also intensify the vulvar pain that you’re already feeling. […] Researchers aren’t sure what causes vulvodynia, but there are many potential causes, including inflammation, hormonal factors, genetic (inherited) factors, injury to your nerves (neuropathic problems), long-term reactions to past vaginal infections, weakened pelvic floor muscles or muscle spasms, and irritation from harsh products that touch your skin. […] Vulvodynia treatment takes time. Finding the treatment or combination of treatments that bring you pain relief involves trial and error. Treatments may include topical medications, oral medication, a nerve block, physical therapy, vestibulectomy, and counseling.

• #32 Vulvodynia (vulval pain)

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vulvodynia/

  If you see a GP about vulval pain, they’ll ask about your symptoms. […] If the cause of your vulval pain cannot be found, you may be referred to a specialist for help managing the pain. […] The main aim of treatment for vulvodynia is to help manage the pain. […] No single treatment works for everyone, and you may need to try several treatments to find out what works best for you.

• #33 Vulvodynia: Diagnosis and Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2006/0401/p1231.html

  A cotton swab is used to gently indent several locations on the labia, introitus, and hymenal remnants. This pressure will elicit discomfort in almost all women with vulvodynia. […] The natural history of vulvodynia is not clear. Many women have had this disorder for years, and it traditionally has been considered chronic. However, recent data suggest that approximately one half of women who report that they have had prolonged vulvar pain no longer have symptoms of vulvodynia.

• #34 Persistent Vulvar Pain | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/committee-opinion/articles/2016/09/persistent-vulvar-pain

  Persistent vulvar pain is a complex disorder that can be difficult to treat. […] Vulvodynia is a diagnosis of exclusion. […] A thorough history should identify the patients duration of pain, medical and surgical history, sexual history, allergies, and previous treatments. […] Cotton swab testing is used to identify the areas of pain (classifying each area of pain as mild, moderate, or severe) and to differentiate between generalized and localized pain. […] Women with vulvodynia should be assessed for pelvic floor dysfunction. Biofeedback and physical therapy, including pelvic floor physical therapy, can be used to treat localized and generalized vulvar pain. […] An emerging treatment for vulvodynia is transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. […] When other nonsurgical management options have been tried and failed, and the pain is localized to the vestibule, vestibulectomy may be an effective treatment. […] Persistent vulvar pain is a complex disorder that frequently is frustrating to the patient and the clinician. It can be difficult to treat, and rapid resolution is unusual, even with appropriate therapy. Decreases in pain may take weeks to months and may not be complete.

• #35 Vulvodynia | Healthify

  https://healthify.nz/health-a-z/v/vulvodynia/

  There is no special test for vulvodynia, only tests to prove the pain is not caused by other conditions. […] Even though there is no cure, treatment can help you feel better and lead a full and active life. Vulvodynia goes away on its own in about 40% of women. […] The pain and discomfort around the vulva may be described as: burning, stinging, rawness, itching, soreness, throbbing, swelling. […] Some women have found the following medicines to be helpful in relieving the symptoms of vulvodynia: Local anaesthetic cream, Hormone creams, Medicines that block nerve impulses.

• #36 Vulvodynia – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vulvodynia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353427

  With vulvodynia, your gynecologist or another member of your care team likely will ask you questions about your medical and sexual history. You’ll also be asked if you’ve had any surgeries. […] Vulvodynia treatments focus on relieving symptoms. No one treatment works in every case. For many people, a mix of treatments works best. It can take time to find the right combination. It also can take months to get relief. […] Surgery may be a treatment choice if you have pain in the tissue that surrounds the opening of your vagina, called the vestibule. Most often, surgery is done only if other treatments haven’t helped. […] Stress tends to make vulvodynia worse. And having vulvodynia can cause you to have more stress. Activities that can help ease stress include yoga and mindfulness mediation.

• #37 Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development – NICHD

  http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/factsheets/vulvodynia

  The main symptom of vulvodynia is pain. The type of pain can be different for each woman. Vulvodynia can cause burning, stinging, irritation, or rawness of the vulva. Some women may also have itching, aching, soreness, throbbing, or swelling. These symptoms may be caused by pressure on the vulvar area, such as during sex or when inserting a tampon. Symptoms may occur during exercise, after urinating, or even while sitting or resting. Pain may move around or always be in the same place. It can be constant, or it can come and go. […] Vulvodynia tends to be diagnosed only when other causes of vulvar pain, such as infection or skin diseases, have been ruled out. […] Surgery may be an option for women with severe pain from vulvar vestibulitis who have not found relief through other treatment options. A vestibulectomy removes the painful tissue of the vestibule and may help relieve pain and improve sexual comfort. However, surgery is usually considered a last resort and is not recommended for women with generalized vulvodynia.

• #38 Vulvodynia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430792/

  Vulvodynia is a chronic pain condition characterized by persistent vulvar discomfort or pain lasting at least 3 months without a clearly identifiable cause. […] The pain can be localized or generalized, with symptoms varying in intensity from burning, stinging, or raw sensations to severe, debilitating discomfort. […] Symptoms can vary in intensity and location, presenting as burning, irritation, or hypersensitivity, which can disrupt daily activities and intimate relationships. […] Vulvodynia can be classified as either generalized or localized, depending on the location of the pain. Symptoms may arise spontaneously or be triggered by touch or pressure. […] The prognosis of vulvodynia varies, with some individuals experiencing symptom relief over time while others may face persistent pain.

• #39 Vulval Pain – Pelvic Pain Foundation

  https://www.pelvicpain.org.au/vulval-pain/

  There is no single test that diagnoses vestibulodynia or vulvodynia. To begin with, your doctor will need to talk to you about your symptoms and your medical history in detail. […] Treatment for vulval pain syndromes often involves multiple strategies, and a little bit of time and adjustment to find what suits you best. Because pain often has more than one cause, successful treatment often involves more than one approach. […] Symptoms will come and go. Don’t despair if your pain comes back after a period of improvement – these problems can come and go. With time, these flares will last for shorter periods of time and you’ll get on top of them more quickly. Improvement can take weeks and sometimes months, so be patient and kind to yourself and your body.

• #40 Vulvodynia Treatments – The National Vulvodynia Association

  https://www.nva.org/learnpatient/medical-management/

  Vulvodynia is not simply a gynecological disorder and experts typically recommend a multidisciplinary approach. It is a chronic pain condition of the vulva, and if you dont experience adequate relief with treatment prescribed by your gynecologist, treatment by a womens health physical therapist and/or a pain management specialist can be very helpful. […] A recent review of the research recommended both physical therapy and cognitive behavior therapy for women suffering from vulvodynia. […] At this time, there is no single treatment that helps every woman with vulvodynia. Finding the best treatment, or combination of treatments for you is a trial and error process. […] Common side effects, which can usually be managed, include drowsiness, dry mouth, constipation and dizziness. […] Some women with vulvodynia also have pelvic floor muscle weakness or spasm. […] In many cases, a series of injections, spaced days or weeks apart, is administered intravaginally or in the epidural space in the lower back. Many women experience short-term relief with this procedure and some experience long-term relief.

• #41 What Causes Vulvodynia and What Does That Mean? | Vulvar Specialist NY | Pelvic Pain Doc

  https://www.pelvicpaindoc.com/blog/what-causes-vulvodynia-and-what-does-it-mean/

  Yes! Yes, it can. With the right treatment and care from a pelvic pain specialist like Dr. Bahlani, your vulvodynia can become a distant memory. […] Just as the symptoms of vulvodynia vary from person to person, vulvodynia treatment is also unique to each person in response. No single treatment is effective for all women, but a combination of therapies that takes into account health history and specific experience can bring you back to a pain-free, vibrant life.

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