Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Vulvodynia: Causes, Symptoms, Management & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17878-vulvodynia

  Unfortunately, vulvodynia isnt preventable. […] There isnt enough evidence to predict when (or if) your vulvodynia will ease or resolve on its own. Instead of trying a wait-and-see approach, schedule a visit with your provider to begin treatments that can help.

• #1 Vulvodynia (vulval pain)

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vulvodynia/

  There are some things you can do to help reduce vulval pain and ensure good vaginal hygiene. […] Things you can do to help with vulvodynia include wearing loose, cotton underwear, trying using pads instead of tampons during your period, trying different positions when having sex and using lubricant, and trying to avoid stress; things like yoga and mindfulness can help you relax. […] Do not sit in the same position for long periods, do not clean inside your vagina (douching), do not have hot baths (make sure the water is cool or lukewarm), and do not use scented products, such as soaps and deodorants, in or around your vagina; you can use an emollient (ask a GP or pharmacist for advice).

• #1 Vulvodynia | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/vulvodynia-pro

  Vulvodynia has many possible treatments; however, very few controlled trials have been performed to verify efficacy of these treatments. The British Society for the Study of Vulval Disease (BSSVD) guidelines recommend a multidisciplinary approach and advise that combining treatments can be helpful in dealing with different aspects of vulval pain. […] Furthermore, these guidelines encourage patient education and reassurance as being vital to good management. Patient information leaflets and explanation that this is a recognised pain condition may be helpful. Women often fear pathology such as sexually transmitted infection or cancer; understanding the nature of the condition goes some way to alleviating distress. […] Avoidance of contact irritants should be advised. This includes wearing cotton underwear, not wearing underwear at night, avoiding perfumed products such as soaps and sanitary towels, etc. […] Avoidance of unnecessary topical preparations such as antifungals should be advised. […] Advise use of emollient soap substitutes.

• #1 Vulvodynia | The Children’s Hospital at Montefiore

  https://www.cham.org/health-library/article?id=bo1196

  Medicines that are applied to the skin, such as estrogen cream or lidocaine ointment, may help relieve pain. Other medicines that may be used include antidepressants, seizure medicines, and nerve blocks. […] Specific exercises can help you learn how to control and relax your pelvic muscles. Tightness or spasms in these muscles can make vulvar pain worse. […] Always clean your vulva gently. […] Avoid soaps and other products, such as vaginal sprays or douches, that irritate your skin. […] Wear loose-fitting cotton clothes. Avoid nylon and other fabrics that hold moisture close to the skin. This may cause irritation and allow an infection to start. […] Avoid hot baths, and don’t use soaps or bath products to wash your vulva. Rinse with water only, and gently pat the area dry. […] Relieve itching and pain with a cold water compress or a cool bath. Don’t scratch the area.

• #1 Vulvodynia | 5-Minute Clinical Consult

  https://www.unboundmedicine.com/5minute/view/5-Minute-Clinical-Consult/1688787/all/Vulvodynia?q=Pain+Pelvic

  Wear 100% cotton underwear in the daytime and no underwear to sleep. […] Avoid douching and other vulvar irritants such as perfumes, dyes, and detergents. […] Avoid abrasive activities and tight, synthetic clothing. […] Avoid panty liners. […] Clean the vulva with water only and pat area dry after bathing. […] Avoid use of hair dryers in the vulvar area.

• #1 Vulvodynia – Vulvodynia Treatment | familydoctor.org

  https://familydoctor.org/condition/vulvodynia/

  Can vulvodynia be prevented or avoided? Doctors aren’t sure what causes vulvodynia, so there is no sure way to prevent or avoid it. If your vulvodynia is caused by uncontrolled diabetes or sensory diabetic neuropathy, follow your doctor’s recommendations for managing your diabetes, including taking your prescribed medicine and adhering to improved diet and exercise. […] Some of the following steps may help ease your vulvodynia symptoms. If they help, keep doing them. If they don’t help, stop, and talk with your doctor about other possible treatments. […] Try to avoid using soap in the genital area. Just wash with water. Don’t use creams, petroleum jelly, bubble baths, bath oils or feminine deodorant sprays. […] Wash your genital area frequently with plain water to wash away any vaginal secretions that may cause irritation. Rinse with clear water from a squeeze bottle after urinating.

• #1 Vulvodynia: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007699.htm

  Vulvodynia is a pain disorder of the vulva. This is the outside area of a woman’s genitals. Vulvodynia causes severe pain, burning, and stinging of the vulva. […] The goal of the treatment is to reduce pain and relieve symptoms. No one treatment works for all women. You also may need more than one type of treatment to manage your symptoms. […] Lifestyle changes may help prevent vulvodynia triggers and relieve symptoms. […] Do not douche or use soaps or oils that may cause inflammation. […] Wear all cotton underwear and don’t use fabric softener on underpants. […] Use laundry detergent for sensitive skin and double rinse your underwear. […] Avoid tight-fitting clothes. […] Avoid activities that put pressure on the vulva, such as biking or riding horses. […] Avoid hot tubs. […] Use soft, uncolored toilet paper and rinse your vulva with cool water after urinating.

• #1 Vulvodynia Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/vulvodynia

  Vulvodynia is a pain disorder of the vulva. This is the outside area of a woman’s genitals. Vulvodynia causes severe pain, burning, and stinging of the vulva. […] Lifestyle changes may help prevent vulvodynia triggers and relieve symptoms. […] Do not douche or use soaps or oils that may cause inflammation. […] Wear all cotton underwear and don’t use fabric softener on underpants. […] Use laundry detergent for sensitive skin and double rinse your underwear. […] Avoid tight-fitting clothes. […] Avoid activities that put pressure on the vulva, such as biking or riding horses. […] Avoid hot tubs. […] Use soft, uncolored toilet paper and rinse your vulva with cool water after urinating. […] Use all-cotton tampons or pads. […] Use a water-soluble lubricant during intercourse. Urinate after sex to prevent a UTI, and rinse the area with cool water. […] Use a cold compress on your vulva to relieve pain, such as after intercourse or exercise (be sure to wrap the compress in a clean towel – do not apply it directly to your skin).

• #1 Vulvodynia | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/vulvodynia

  If you have vulvodynia, gentle care of the vulva is best. Avoid products and other items that may be irritating. The following may be helpful in relieving or reducing symptoms: […] Wear 100% cotton underwear. […] Do not wear underwear while sleeping. […] Avoid douching. […] Avoid irritants, such as perfumes, dyes, shampoos, detergents, and deodorants. […] Clean the vulva with water only. […] Switch to 100% cotton pads if regular pads are irritating. […] Use lubricants during sex, but avoid lubricants with flavor or cooling/warming sensation. […] Rinse and pat the vulva dry after urinating. […] After bathing, apply a thin layer of a preservative-free oil or petroleum jelly to hold in moisture and protect the skin. […] Avoid using a hair dryer to dry the vulvar area. […] Use cool gel packs on the vulva.

• #1 Vulvodynia (vulval pain) | nidirect

  https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/conditions/vulvodynia-vulval-pain

  Some of the following lifestyle changes and treatments can often help relieve symptoms of vulvodynia and reduce its impact on your life. […] Lifestyle tips you can try to help reduce symptoms of vulvodynia include: wearing 100 per cent cotton underwear and loose-fitting skirts or trousers, avoiding scented hygiene products such as feminine wipes, bubble bath and soap an emollient is a good substitute for soap, applying cool gel packs to your vulva to soothe the pain, using petroleum jelly before swimming to provide protection from chlorine, trying not to avoid sex or touching your vulva completely, as this may make your vulva more sensitive, trying to reduce stress, as it can increase the pain of vulvodynia read some breathing tips to relieve stress, for pain when sitting, try using a doughnut-shaped cushion. […] Potential treatments that can help reduce the symptoms of vulvodynia include: over-the-counter gels and lubricants, prescription medication, physiotherapy, therapy and counselling.

• #1 Vestibulodynia: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23514-vestibulodynia

  Can you prevent vestibulodynia? […] These steps for vulvar care can prevent and ease vulvar pain: […] Avoid using scented products on your genitals, such as feminine deodorant sprays, talcum powder and pantyliners. […] Don’t use birth control options that go inside your vagina (like a diaphragm or cervical cap). You should also avoid spermicides and contraceptive foams, which can cause irritation. […] Rinse your genitals after urination with water from a squeeze bottle or a bidet instead of toilet paper. […] Use unbleached toilet paper and unscented sanitary products like tampons and pads. […] Sit on a donut-shaped pillow to ease pressure on your vulva. […] Soak in a tub of warm water to ease pain. Wash your genitals with water only (no soap) and avoid bubble baths, bath salts and bath oils. […] Wear cotton underwear, loose-fitting pants or shorts and avoid pantyhose, tights or tight leggings.

• #1 Self-Help Tips – The National Vulvodynia Association

  https://www.nva.org/for-patients/self-help-tips/

  While you are seeking effective treatment for vulvar pain, here are some coping measures to relieve symptoms and prevent further irritation. Even when your symptoms are under control, these guidelines are recommended as a preventive strategy. […] Do not use fabric softener on undergarments. […] Urinate before the bladder is full. […] Prevent constipation by adding fiber to your diet (if necessary, use a psyllium product such as Metamucil) and drinking at least 8 glasses of water daily. […] Avoid exercises that put direct pressure on the vulva such as bicycle riding and horseback riding. […] Limit intense exercises that create a lot of friction in the vulvar area (try lower intensity exercises such as walking). […] Try using a donut cushion for long periods of sitting. This Foam Donut Cushion and the Kabooti Donut Seat have both been recommended by vulvodynia patients. The NVA receives no compensation for advertising these products.

• #1 Vulvodynia – HealthyWomen

  https://www.healthywomen.org/condition/vulvodynia

  Because we don’t know what causes vulvar pain, we really don’t know how to prevent it. But there are some things you can do to help minimize your pain. As always, talk with your health care provider about what’s best for you. […] Check your environment and follow basic vulvar skin care. If your vulvar pain symptoms come and go, think about what that area is exposed to. Do you use a lubricant during intercourse? Have you switched laundry detergents? Are symptoms worse when you wear a certain kind of underwear or use a certain brand of sanitary pad? Try changing one thing at a time and see if it helps. Keeping a symptom calendar may help uncover a pattern of pain. […] Don’t miss your annual exam. Routine pelvic exams once a year for women age 18 and older are very important to ensure early intervention for problems, including chronic pelvic and vulvar pain. Annual gynecologic appointments may include breast exams, Pap tests and other important preventive screenings, such as cholesterol screening and thyroid tests. These visits give you the opportunity to discuss any gynecological concerns or symptoms with your provider. […] If you experience vulvar pain, don’t wait. Make an appointment to discuss your symptoms with your health care professional. If you don’t think your pain is being recognized or managed, find a local specialist in vulvar disorders.

• #1 Vulvodynia – Vulvodynia Treatment | familydoctor.org

  https://familydoctor.org/condition/vulvodynia/

  Wear only all-cotton underwear and loose clothing. Avoid wearing pantyhose or other close-fitting synthetic clothing. […] Use only white, unbleached toilet tissue and 100% cotton unscented sanitary products (tampons and pads). […] Report any increased discharge and irritation to your doctor so that yeast and bacterial infections can be treated right away. […] Try to avoid using contraceptive devices and contraceptive creams that might irritate your genital area. Talk with your doctor about other methods of birth control. […] Wash new underwear before wearing. Always rinse underwear thoroughly after washing to remove soap residue. […] Don’t sit around in a wet swimsuit for a long period of time. Doing so can cause an excess of bacteria and yeast in the genital area.

• #1 Vulvodynia Specialist in Melbourne | Dr. Len Kliman

  https://drlenkliman.com.au/services/vulval-and-vaginal-skin-disorders/generalised-unprovoked-vulvodynia/

  It is important to minimise irritation to the vulva and vagina, avoiding soaps, detergents and scented products. […] Bland, unscented lubricants, especially oil based ones such as olive oil or coconut oil are best used as a lubricant during sexual activity. […] Cotton underwear is best, avoid G-strings, synthetic fabrics and tight clothing against the vulva. […] Whilst these suggestions can help they generally will not cure the pain or discomfort. […] Engaging in sexual counselling has been shown to not only help couples with intimacy but often reduces pain. […] Finding ways to have sexual activity with the least amount of pain is vital.

• #1 Persistent Vulvar Pain | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/committee-opinion/articles/2016/09/persistent-vulvar-pain

  Vulvar pain can be caused by a specific disorder or it can be idiopathic. Idiopathic vulvar pain is classified as vulvodynia. […] Although optimal treatment remains unclear, consider an individualized, multidisciplinary approach to address all physical and emotional aspects possibly attributable to vulvodynia. […] Women with vulvodynia should be assessed for pelvic floor dysfunction. Biofeedback and physical therapy, including pelvic floor physical therapy, can be used to treat localized and generalized vulvar pain. […] An emerging treatment for vulvodynia is transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. […] When other nonsurgical management options have been tried and failed, and the pain is localized to the vestibule, vestibulectomy may be an effective treatment. […] Although optimal treatment remains unclear, consider an individualized, multidisciplinary approach to address all physical and emotional aspects possibly attributable to vulvodynia. […] It is important to begin any treatment approach with a detailed discussion, including an explanation of the diagnosis and determination of realistic treatment goals.

• #1 Vulval pain – Birmingham Gynaecology Clinic

  https://birminghamgynaecologyclinic.com/conditions/vulval-pain/

  Vulvodynia is a chronic pain condition defined as vulval pain lasting for more than three months without an identifiable cause, such as an infection or skin condition. […] Seeking specialist gynaecological care is essential for effective management. […] Vulvodynia treatment is often tailored to the individual, as it may involve a combination of approaches to effectively manage symptoms. Treatment options include: […] Although vulvodynia may not always be preventable, certain self-care practices can help manage symptoms and improve comfort: […] Attend regular check-ups: Routine gynaecological exams can monitor symptoms and help address any changes in vulval health.

• #1 Vulval Pain | Pelvic Pain Support Network

  https://www.pelvicpain.org.uk/conditions/vulval-pain/

  The management of vulval pain should follow the principles of chronic pain management. This includes a detailed pain history. The International Pelvic Pain Society questionnaire may be helpful. The use of a pain scale and a diary may be useful in assessing the degree of pain. A team approach may be necessary with involvement of physiotherapists, psychologists, sexologists as well as pain specialists. A randomized controlled trial of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) using a vaginal probe in provoked vulvodynia concluded that it is a simple and effective short term treatment. A combination of medical treatment as well as psychotherapy and physiotherapy appears to be more successful than isolated treatment approaches. Those with vulvodynia, either spontaneous or provoked by touch, usually have pelvic floor muscle dysfunction. Integrated with other therapies there are various self-help physical therapies, which if appropriate for your symptoms, can be learned e.g., pelvic floor muscle relaxation exercises, internal and external soft tissue massage, trigger point pressure, biofeedback and use of vaginal trainers in provoked pain. It is crucial to find a physiotherapist who is familiar with taking care of those with vulvodynia. It is sensible to avoid irritants in everyday products as far as possible. A local anaesthetic 5% lidocaine cream was found to have helped some women with vulvodynia in a study by Zolnoun et al. Appropriate moisturization of the vulva is desirable (oestrogen cream moisturizers, lubricant for sexual intercourse). Very low doses of tricyclic antidepressants eg. amitriptyline or nortriptyline may be used for unprovoked vulvodynia, the doses used for pain are far lower than the doses used for depression. Side effects may include dry mouth and constipation and should be considered when contemplating this type of medication. If this is unsuccessful gabapentin or pregabalin may be considered, however those with long-standing symptoms are less likely to benefit. Botulinum toxin A injections have been used and a recent study suggests that higher doses than used previously may be effective. In a recent randomized controlled trial enoxaparin reduced vestibular sensitivity and painful intercourse in women with localized provoked vulvodynia. Surgical removal of the tissue around the opening of the vagina (vestibulectomy) is not generally beneficial in women with provoked vulvodynia. Women who respond to lidocaine gel before intercourse may have a more successful outcome than those who gain no benefit. The use of vaginal dilators may be helpful. In our opinion anyone considering surgery should find out as much as possible about it before making a decision.

• #1 Vulvodynia: Diagnosis and Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2006/0401/p1231.html

  Vulvodynia should be suspected in any female with a history of more than three months of pain at the introitus or vulva. […] Tricyclic antidepressants should be considered for the treatment of vulvodynia. […] Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and gabapentin (Neurontin) should be considered for symptomatic relief of vulvodynia. […] Cognitive behavioral therapy should be used to decrease vulvar pain with intercourse. […] Biofeedback and physical therapy should be considered to help patients regain control of the pelvic floor musculature. […] Perineoplasty should be reserved for women with severe vulvodynia. […] Data are lacking about the effectiveness of various treatment options for vulvodynia, and many of the commonly recommended treatments have not been systematically studied in randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

• #1 Reddit – The heart of the internet

  https://www.reddit.com/r/vulvodynia/comments/11w1k3k/10_essential_steps_for_those_new_to_vulvar_and/

  3. Ask for the necessary tests to be carried out, in order to understand the root cause(s) of your pain: Vulvodynia and vestibulodynia aren’t real diagnosis per se. They only mean „unexplained pain in the vulva” and „unexplained pain in vestibule”, because the medical field hasn’t cared about explaining this pain for super long. […] If you had pain in your foot you’d want to know if it’s the bone, the muscle or the skin right? You wouldn’t just say that you have footdynia. You deserve to find the real cause of your pain! […] In particular, ask for the necessary tests to understand if you might be suffering from one of the following conditions: bacterial/fungal/viral infections, skin conditions, and other conditions. […] 4. Check your hormone levels: This is especially true if you are taking the combined oral pill or if you are menopausal (but it’s worth check it even if you are not part of these categories). […] When you are on birth control, your natural hormones levels are altered. This can be a problem because your vulvar tissue/skin needs these hormones in order to be healthy. […] If you think your pain may be caused by your hormone level, it is recommended that you discontinue hormonal means of contraception. At the same time, a testosterone + estradiol cream or estrogen is often prescribed. It’s effective for many people.

• #1 Vulvodynia | LifeBridge Health

  https://www.lifebridgehealth.org/conditions/vulvodynia

  A nerve block — an anesthetic drug injected into the nerves that carry pain signals from the vulva to the spinal cord — interrupts pain signals and can provide short-term and sometimes long-term pain relief. […] Vestibulectomy, the removal of the painful tissue from the vestibule, can be used for women who have VVS for whom other treatments have not worked. The procedure may help relieve pain and make sex more comfortable.

• #1 Vulvodynia | The Children’s Hospital at Montefiore

  https://www.cham.org/health-library/article?id=bo1196

  Try using a vaginal lubricant, such as Astroglide or K-Y Jelly, to reduce irritation from having sex. […] Stay active. But limit exercises that can irritate the vulva, such as bike riding or horseback riding. […] Cognitive-behavioral therapy allows you to express your emotions and concerns and to learn new ways of coping with vulvar pain. Sex therapy can also help you and your partner find ways to be intimate that don’t cause pain. […] You can track moods, thoughts, activities, and medicines that affect pain. Having a record of pain can help you and your doctor find the best ways to treat it. […] A support group can help you share your concerns and hear how other people cope with the pain and challenges of living with vulvodynia. […] Meditation and guided imagery are two examples of how you can reduce stress and relax your mind and muscles.

• #1 Vulvodynia – Foundation for Female Health Awareness

  https://femalehealthawareness.org/en/vulvodynia/

  For women with vulvar pain at one specific area who do not respond to treatments like medications and therapy, surgery is an option. Vestibulectomy is the most commonly performed procedure. This procedure involves removing the painful tissue at the vulvar vestibule. Vaginal tissue is then used to repair the defect at the vulvar vestibule. Surgery has been shown to be very effective at improving everyday vulvar pain and pain with intercourse. […] Lifestyle modifications including eating a diet low in oxalate may help decrease inflammation. […] Sexual therapy and counseling can be very helpful in improving sexual functioning and satisfaction. This counseling can be done in a group setting, one on one, or as a couple.

• #1 Vulvodynia | LifeBridge Health

  https://www.lifebridgehealth.org/conditions/vulvodynia

  The first step in vulvodynia treatment usually involves avoiding products, clothing and other items that come in contact with the vulva and that may be irritating, such as soaps and products containing deodorants, perfumes and dyes. […] Pay close attention to what makes your symptoms worse, and avoid the things that provoke your pain. […] While you are experiencing pain, applying cool gel packs may bring relief. […] For some women, certain foods make symptoms worse while other foods help relieve symptoms. An elimination diet may help you identify these foods. […] The following medications have been found to be helpful in treating vulvodynia: Local anesthetics, Antidepressants and anti-seizure drugs, Hormone creams. […] Physical therapy can relax tissues in the pelvic floor and release tension in muscles and joints.

• #1 Vulvodynia Home Remedies – Vaginal Pain Treatment

  https://www.vuvatech.com/blogs/care/vulvodynia-home-remedies-vaginal-pain-treatment?srsltid=AfmBOopWUbkY2fTHZCK25ez3hV5eMW-tXpgyq_Kw8Yy9FEqeoclvSd8L

  Vulvodynia is a chronic pain condition in the vulvar that has no identifiable source. […] While some health professionals may suggest medications or even surgery, there are home remedies to relieve vulvodynia. […] The National Vulvodynia Association recommends that women with vulvodynia avoid wearing tight clothing. […] One lifestyle and home remedy worth considering is using a dermatologically approved detergent when doing laundry. […] One natural home remedy is women should consider taking a cool or lukewarm sitz bath to reduce pain and inflammation. […] When it comes to personal products to ease vulvodynia pain, choose 100% cotton tampons and pads for menstruation. […] Gel packs or cold compresses are a natural home vulvodynia treatment. […] According to MedicineNet, treatment options for pelvic pain are to choose foods that won’t make your urine more stringent. […] Vaginal dilation is a safe and effective home remedy to treat vaginal pain. […] Doctors recommend using them 1-2 per day for relieving symptoms of vulvodynia. […] If you’re experiencing symptoms of vulvodynia, speak to your doctor about home remedies that work to treat vaginal pain.

• #1 Reddit – The heart of the internet

  https://www.reddit.com/r/vulvodynia/comments/11w1k3k/10_essential_steps_for_those_new_to_vulvar_and/

  5. Check your pelvic floor health: Vulvar pain and pelvic floor pain are often related. If the pelvic floor muscles are too contracted (hypertonic pelvic floor, vaginismus, …) they can cause pain throughout the vulvar area. […] In this cases, retraining the muscles through physical therapy is the primary treatment. […] Through physical therapy you will in fact learn and use many practices that can help you overcome your pain. […] 6. Check your nerves: Pelvic pain can also come from a damage or irritation of the pudendal nerve, a main nerve in the pelvis. This is referred to as pudendal neuralgia. […] Medicines to alter the pain, painkilling injections and pelvic floor physical therapy are the main treatments. […] 9. Advocate for yourself: As mentioned above, unfortunately, not all gynecologists are competent and knowledgeable. […] In general, the more informed you are about your condition, the more you can ask questions, monitor what the doctor is doing, and have control over your own body. […] The sooner you find the cause of your pain and treat it appropriately, the less opportunity you will give the inflammation to worsen and damage your tissue and nerves.

• #2 Vulvodynia – HealthyWomen

  https://www.healthywomen.org/condition/vulvodynia

  Because we don’t know what causes vulvar pain, we really don’t know how to prevent it. But there are some things you can do to help minimize your pain. As always, talk with your health care provider about what’s best for you. […] Check your environment and follow basic vulvar skin care. If your vulvar pain symptoms come and go, think about what that area is exposed to. Do you use a lubricant during intercourse? Have you switched laundry detergents? Are symptoms worse when you wear a certain kind of underwear or use a certain brand of sanitary pad? Try changing one thing at a time and see if it helps. Keeping a symptom calendar may help uncover a pattern of pain. […] Don’t miss your annual exam. Routine pelvic exams once a year for women age 18 and older are very important to ensure early intervention for problems, including chronic pelvic and vulvar pain. Annual gynecologic appointments may include breast exams, Pap tests and other important preventive screenings, such as cholesterol screening and thyroid tests. These visits give you the opportunity to discuss any gynecological concerns or symptoms with your provider. […] If you experience vulvar pain, don’t wait. Make an appointment to discuss your symptoms with your health care professional. If you don’t think your pain is being recognized or managed, find a local specialist in vulvar disorders.

• #2 Vulvodynia | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/vulvodynia

  If you have vulvodynia, gentle care of the vulva is best. Avoid products and other items that may be irritating. The following may be helpful in relieving or reducing symptoms: […] Wear 100% cotton underwear. […] Do not wear underwear while sleeping. […] Avoid douching. […] Avoid irritants, such as perfumes, dyes, shampoos, detergents, and deodorants. […] Clean the vulva with water only. […] Switch to 100% cotton pads if regular pads are irritating. […] Use lubricants during sex, but avoid lubricants with flavor or cooling/warming sensation. […] Rinse and pat the vulva dry after urinating. […] After bathing, apply a thin layer of a preservative-free oil or petroleum jelly to hold in moisture and protect the skin. […] Avoid using a hair dryer to dry the vulvar area. […] Use cool gel packs on the vulva.

• #2 Vulvodynia – Vulvodynia Treatment | familydoctor.org

  https://familydoctor.org/condition/vulvodynia/

  Can vulvodynia be prevented or avoided? Doctors aren’t sure what causes vulvodynia, so there is no sure way to prevent or avoid it. If your vulvodynia is caused by uncontrolled diabetes or sensory diabetic neuropathy, follow your doctor’s recommendations for managing your diabetes, including taking your prescribed medicine and adhering to improved diet and exercise. […] Some of the following steps may help ease your vulvodynia symptoms. If they help, keep doing them. If they don’t help, stop, and talk with your doctor about other possible treatments. […] Try to avoid using soap in the genital area. Just wash with water. Don’t use creams, petroleum jelly, bubble baths, bath oils or feminine deodorant sprays. […] Wash your genital area frequently with plain water to wash away any vaginal secretions that may cause irritation. Rinse with clear water from a squeeze bottle after urinating.

• #2 Vulvodynia – Foundation for Female Health Awareness

  https://femalehealthawareness.org/en/vulvodynia/

  Vulvodynia treatment is focused on reducing pain and improving quality of life and sexual function. Treatment varies by individual and may include the following: […] Vulvar irritation can be caused by: […] Avoiding these products can help improve symptoms. The vulvar area should be cleaned gently with water and should be patted dry after. You should not use a hair dryer for drying. An emollient (such as petroleum jelly or vegetable oil) can be applied after gentle cleaning to help hold moisture. You should wear loose fitting cotton underwear. During the night, not wearing any underwear may be helpful. Switching to cotton rather than synthetic menstrual pads can also minimize irritation. For sexual intercourse, adequate lubrication should be used. […] Multiple oral medications can be used to decrease nerve pain. These medications are typically started at a low dose and then increased as needed over several weeks. It is important to not start or stop these medications abruptly as this may lead to side effects.

• #2

  https://www.painscale.com/article/at-home-treatments-for-vulvodynia

  At-home treatments and lifestyle modifications can help reduce vulvodynia pain. Individuals may need to try several at-home treatments before finding which ones work best. Individuals should keep a record of what helps the most. […] Soaking in a sitz bath two or three times a day for five to 10 minutes can ease vulvar pain. […] The vulva should be rinsed with cool water after urination and sexual intercourse and gently patted dry to prevent irritation. […] Obtaining an adequate amount of sleep and lowering stress levels can ease symptoms associated with vulvodynia. […] Only a water-soluble lubricant should be used during sexual intercourse, including condom lubricants. […] Intimacy products that contain alcohol, flavor or cooling/warming agents (including condoms) should be avoided.

• #2 Vulvodynia Home Remedies – Vaginal Pain Treatment

  https://www.vuvatech.com/blogs/care/vulvodynia-home-remedies-vaginal-pain-treatment?srsltid=AfmBOopWUbkY2fTHZCK25ez3hV5eMW-tXpgyq_Kw8Yy9FEqeoclvSd8L

  Vulvodynia is a chronic pain condition in the vulvar that has no identifiable source. […] While some health professionals may suggest medications or even surgery, there are home remedies to relieve vulvodynia. […] The National Vulvodynia Association recommends that women with vulvodynia avoid wearing tight clothing. […] One lifestyle and home remedy worth considering is using a dermatologically approved detergent when doing laundry. […] One natural home remedy is women should consider taking a cool or lukewarm sitz bath to reduce pain and inflammation. […] When it comes to personal products to ease vulvodynia pain, choose 100% cotton tampons and pads for menstruation. […] Gel packs or cold compresses are a natural home vulvodynia treatment. […] According to MedicineNet, treatment options for pelvic pain are to choose foods that won’t make your urine more stringent. […] Vaginal dilation is a safe and effective home remedy to treat vaginal pain. […] Doctors recommend using them 1-2 per day for relieving symptoms of vulvodynia. […] If you’re experiencing symptoms of vulvodynia, speak to your doctor about home remedies that work to treat vaginal pain.

• #2 Vulvar Pain: Causes, Treatments, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/womens-health/vulvar-pain

  There are some things you may be able to do to help prevent vulvar pain. Try these: […] Wear 100-percent cotton underwear. Its more absorbent than synthetic materials. Avoid wearing underwear to bed. […] Wear loose-fitting clothes in the vulvar area. […] Clean the vulvar area with water only. Avoid soaps, shampoos, and perfumed products that could contain irritants. […] Avoid tampons and sanitary pads with deodorants. Instead, opt for unscented feminine hygiene products. […] Use a vaginal lubricant during sex, especially if you have vaginal dryness. […] If your skin is particularly dry, gently apply a thin coat of petroleum jelly to the vulva after bathing to seal in moisture and add a protective layer to skin. […] Gently rinse and pat dry your vulva after urinating. Wipe front to back, towards the anus, so you dont bring germs from the anus toward your vagina. […] If the vulva is tender or painful, apply a cool gel pack. […] If you regularly experience pain, talk to your doctor. It may be due to an underlying condition that requires treatment.

• #2 Vulvar Pain (Vulvodynia): Symptoms, Causes and Remedies | Carreras Medical Center

  https://www.toplinemd.com/carreras-medical-center/vulvar-pain-vulvodynia-symptoms-causes-and-remedies/

  Vulvodynia refers to chronic pain in the outside of a female’s genitals, the vulva. […] Do not disregard the symptoms if you notice any pain in the vaginal area. Always check in with your healthcare professional for expert guidance and the steps to take for pain relief. […] If you experience painful vagina throbbing, you can also try implementing the following lifestyle changes: Always wear breathable cotton underwear. Refrain from using tight pantyhose and lingerie. Use gel packs and cold compresses. Avoid all forms of exercise that put pressure on your vulva, like horseback riding. Clean the area carefully with plain water (do not use harsh soaps). Always use a good lubricant during sexual intercourse. Reduce stress and focus on getting enough quality sleep.

• #2 Vulvodynia – Vulvodynia Treatment | familydoctor.org

  https://familydoctor.org/condition/vulvodynia/

  Wear only all-cotton underwear and loose clothing. Avoid wearing pantyhose or other close-fitting synthetic clothing. […] Use only white, unbleached toilet tissue and 100% cotton unscented sanitary products (tampons and pads). […] Report any increased discharge and irritation to your doctor so that yeast and bacterial infections can be treated right away. […] Try to avoid using contraceptive devices and contraceptive creams that might irritate your genital area. Talk with your doctor about other methods of birth control. […] Wash new underwear before wearing. Always rinse underwear thoroughly after washing to remove soap residue. […] Don’t sit around in a wet swimsuit for a long period of time. Doing so can cause an excess of bacteria and yeast in the genital area.

• #2 Vulvodynia Specialist in Melbourne | Dr. Len Kliman

  https://drlenkliman.com.au/services/vulval-and-vaginal-skin-disorders/generalised-unprovoked-vulvodynia/

  It is important to minimise irritation to the vulva and vagina, avoiding soaps, detergents and scented products. […] Bland, unscented lubricants, especially oil based ones such as olive oil or coconut oil are best used as a lubricant during sexual activity. […] Cotton underwear is best, avoid G-strings, synthetic fabrics and tight clothing against the vulva. […] Whilst these suggestions can help they generally will not cure the pain or discomfort. […] Engaging in sexual counselling has been shown to not only help couples with intimacy but often reduces pain. […] Finding ways to have sexual activity with the least amount of pain is vital.

• #2 Vestibulodynia: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23514-vestibulodynia

  Can you prevent vestibulodynia? […] These steps for vulvar care can prevent and ease vulvar pain: […] Avoid using scented products on your genitals, such as feminine deodorant sprays, talcum powder and pantyliners. […] Don’t use birth control options that go inside your vagina (like a diaphragm or cervical cap). You should also avoid spermicides and contraceptive foams, which can cause irritation. […] Rinse your genitals after urination with water from a squeeze bottle or a bidet instead of toilet paper. […] Use unbleached toilet paper and unscented sanitary products like tampons and pads. […] Sit on a donut-shaped pillow to ease pressure on your vulva. […] Soak in a tub of warm water to ease pain. Wash your genitals with water only (no soap) and avoid bubble baths, bath salts and bath oils. […] Wear cotton underwear, loose-fitting pants or shorts and avoid pantyhose, tights or tight leggings.

• #2 Vulvodynia: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007699.htm

  Vulvodynia is a pain disorder of the vulva. This is the outside area of a woman’s genitals. Vulvodynia causes severe pain, burning, and stinging of the vulva. […] The goal of the treatment is to reduce pain and relieve symptoms. No one treatment works for all women. You also may need more than one type of treatment to manage your symptoms. […] Lifestyle changes may help prevent vulvodynia triggers and relieve symptoms. […] Do not douche or use soaps or oils that may cause inflammation. […] Wear all cotton underwear and don’t use fabric softener on underpants. […] Use laundry detergent for sensitive skin and double rinse your underwear. […] Avoid tight-fitting clothes. […] Avoid activities that put pressure on the vulva, such as biking or riding horses. […] Avoid hot tubs. […] Use soft, uncolored toilet paper and rinse your vulva with cool water after urinating.

• #2 Self-Help Tips – The National Vulvodynia Association

  https://www.nva.org/for-patients/self-help-tips/

  While you are seeking effective treatment for vulvar pain, here are some coping measures to relieve symptoms and prevent further irritation. Even when your symptoms are under control, these guidelines are recommended as a preventive strategy. […] Do not use fabric softener on undergarments. […] Urinate before the bladder is full. […] Prevent constipation by adding fiber to your diet (if necessary, use a psyllium product such as Metamucil) and drinking at least 8 glasses of water daily. […] Avoid exercises that put direct pressure on the vulva such as bicycle riding and horseback riding. […] Limit intense exercises that create a lot of friction in the vulvar area (try lower intensity exercises such as walking). […] Try using a donut cushion for long periods of sitting. This Foam Donut Cushion and the Kabooti Donut Seat have both been recommended by vulvodynia patients. The NVA receives no compensation for advertising these products.

• #2 Vulvodynia Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/vulvodynia

  Vulvodynia is a pain disorder of the vulva. This is the outside area of a woman’s genitals. Vulvodynia causes severe pain, burning, and stinging of the vulva. […] Lifestyle changes may help prevent vulvodynia triggers and relieve symptoms. […] Do not douche or use soaps or oils that may cause inflammation. […] Wear all cotton underwear and don’t use fabric softener on underpants. […] Use laundry detergent for sensitive skin and double rinse your underwear. […] Avoid tight-fitting clothes. […] Avoid activities that put pressure on the vulva, such as biking or riding horses. […] Avoid hot tubs. […] Use soft, uncolored toilet paper and rinse your vulva with cool water after urinating. […] Use all-cotton tampons or pads. […] Use a water-soluble lubricant during intercourse. Urinate after sex to prevent a UTI, and rinse the area with cool water. […] Use a cold compress on your vulva to relieve pain, such as after intercourse or exercise (be sure to wrap the compress in a clean towel – do not apply it directly to your skin).

• #2 Vulvodynia (vulval pain) | nidirect

  https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/conditions/vulvodynia-vulval-pain

  Some of the following lifestyle changes and treatments can often help relieve symptoms of vulvodynia and reduce its impact on your life. […] Lifestyle tips you can try to help reduce symptoms of vulvodynia include: wearing 100 per cent cotton underwear and loose-fitting skirts or trousers, avoiding scented hygiene products such as feminine wipes, bubble bath and soap an emollient is a good substitute for soap, applying cool gel packs to your vulva to soothe the pain, using petroleum jelly before swimming to provide protection from chlorine, trying not to avoid sex or touching your vulva completely, as this may make your vulva more sensitive, trying to reduce stress, as it can increase the pain of vulvodynia read some breathing tips to relieve stress, for pain when sitting, try using a doughnut-shaped cushion. […] Potential treatments that can help reduce the symptoms of vulvodynia include: over-the-counter gels and lubricants, prescription medication, physiotherapy, therapy and counselling.

• #2 Vulvodynia | The Children’s Hospital at Montefiore

  https://www.cham.org/health-library/article?id=bo1196

  Try using a vaginal lubricant, such as Astroglide or K-Y Jelly, to reduce irritation from having sex. […] Stay active. But limit exercises that can irritate the vulva, such as bike riding or horseback riding. […] Cognitive-behavioral therapy allows you to express your emotions and concerns and to learn new ways of coping with vulvar pain. Sex therapy can also help you and your partner find ways to be intimate that don’t cause pain. […] You can track moods, thoughts, activities, and medicines that affect pain. Having a record of pain can help you and your doctor find the best ways to treat it. […] A support group can help you share your concerns and hear how other people cope with the pain and challenges of living with vulvodynia. […] Meditation and guided imagery are two examples of how you can reduce stress and relax your mind and muscles.

• #2

  https://111.wales.nhs.uk/Vulvodynia(persistentvulvalpain)/

  Vulvodynia is persistent, unexplained pain in the vulva. The vulva is the female genital area including the skin surrounding the opening of the vagina. […] Vulvodynia can become a long-term problem that’s very distressing to live with, but much can be done to help relieve the pain. […] Lifestyle changes may help reduce symptoms: wear cotton underwear and loose-fitting skirts or trousers, avoid scented hygiene products, apply cool gel packs to your vulva to soothe the pain, use petroleum jelly before swimming to protect the vulva from chlorine, try not to avoid sex or touching your vulva completely, as this may make your vulva more sensitive, try to reduce stress, and for pain when sitting, using a doughnut-shaped cushion can help. […] A combination of treatments can often help relieve the symptoms of vulvodynia and reduce its impact on your life. […] Speak to a pharmacist about these treatments. […] Your doctor may want to rule out these conditions before treating you for vulvodynia. […] Living with a long-term painful condition like vulvodynia can be frustrating and stressful.

• #2 Vulvodynia | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/vulvodynia-pro

  Vulvodynia has many possible treatments; however, very few controlled trials have been performed to verify efficacy of these treatments. The British Society for the Study of Vulval Disease (BSSVD) guidelines recommend a multidisciplinary approach and advise that combining treatments can be helpful in dealing with different aspects of vulval pain. […] Furthermore, these guidelines encourage patient education and reassurance as being vital to good management. Patient information leaflets and explanation that this is a recognised pain condition may be helpful. Women often fear pathology such as sexually transmitted infection or cancer; understanding the nature of the condition goes some way to alleviating distress. […] Avoidance of contact irritants should be advised. This includes wearing cotton underwear, not wearing underwear at night, avoiding perfumed products such as soaps and sanitary towels, etc. […] Avoidance of unnecessary topical preparations such as antifungals should be advised. […] Advise use of emollient soap substitutes.

• #2 Vulval pain – Birmingham Gynaecology Clinic

  https://birminghamgynaecologyclinic.com/conditions/vulval-pain/

  Vulvodynia is a chronic pain condition defined as vulval pain lasting for more than three months without an identifiable cause, such as an infection or skin condition. […] Seeking specialist gynaecological care is essential for effective management. […] Vulvodynia treatment is often tailored to the individual, as it may involve a combination of approaches to effectively manage symptoms. Treatment options include: […] Although vulvodynia may not always be preventable, certain self-care practices can help manage symptoms and improve comfort: […] Attend regular check-ups: Routine gynaecological exams can monitor symptoms and help address any changes in vulval health.

• #2 Vulvodynia: Diagnosis and Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2006/0401/p1231.html

  Biofeedback and physical therapy have been used to reverse changes in the pelvic floor musculature and to help women regain control of the muscles, including improving strength and relaxation. […] Although the value of most local treatment measures has not been determined, women with vulvodynia often are counseled to avoid the use of harsh soaps and perfumed products in the vulvar region and to wear all-cotton underwear. […] Surgery is one of the oldest therapies for localized vulvar vestibulodynia, but this therapy typically is reserved for women with severe, debilitating symptoms that are localized to the introitus. […] Most experts do not recommend surgery for women with this disorder unless symptoms are severe and other treatments have not been effective. […] The prognosis for women who receive appropriate treatment is quite good.

• #2 Vulval Pain | Pelvic Pain Support Network

  https://www.pelvicpain.org.uk/conditions/vulval-pain/

  The management of vulval pain should follow the principles of chronic pain management. This includes a detailed pain history. The International Pelvic Pain Society questionnaire may be helpful. The use of a pain scale and a diary may be useful in assessing the degree of pain. A team approach may be necessary with involvement of physiotherapists, psychologists, sexologists as well as pain specialists. A randomized controlled trial of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) using a vaginal probe in provoked vulvodynia concluded that it is a simple and effective short term treatment. A combination of medical treatment as well as psychotherapy and physiotherapy appears to be more successful than isolated treatment approaches. Those with vulvodynia, either spontaneous or provoked by touch, usually have pelvic floor muscle dysfunction. Integrated with other therapies there are various self-help physical therapies, which if appropriate for your symptoms, can be learned e.g., pelvic floor muscle relaxation exercises, internal and external soft tissue massage, trigger point pressure, biofeedback and use of vaginal trainers in provoked pain. It is crucial to find a physiotherapist who is familiar with taking care of those with vulvodynia. It is sensible to avoid irritants in everyday products as far as possible. A local anaesthetic 5% lidocaine cream was found to have helped some women with vulvodynia in a study by Zolnoun et al. Appropriate moisturization of the vulva is desirable (oestrogen cream moisturizers, lubricant for sexual intercourse). Very low doses of tricyclic antidepressants eg. amitriptyline or nortriptyline may be used for unprovoked vulvodynia, the doses used for pain are far lower than the doses used for depression. Side effects may include dry mouth and constipation and should be considered when contemplating this type of medication. If this is unsuccessful gabapentin or pregabalin may be considered, however those with long-standing symptoms are less likely to benefit. Botulinum toxin A injections have been used and a recent study suggests that higher doses than used previously may be effective. In a recent randomized controlled trial enoxaparin reduced vestibular sensitivity and painful intercourse in women with localized provoked vulvodynia. Surgical removal of the tissue around the opening of the vagina (vestibulectomy) is not generally beneficial in women with provoked vulvodynia. Women who respond to lidocaine gel before intercourse may have a more successful outcome than those who gain no benefit. The use of vaginal dilators may be helpful. In our opinion anyone considering surgery should find out as much as possible about it before making a decision.

• #2 KoreaMed Synapse

  https://synapse.koreamed.org/articles/1005993

  Vulvodynia is characterized by chronic vulvar pain caused by sexual intercourse and often results in female sexual dysfunction. […] Recently, gabapentin and botulinum toxin A have both been shown to be effective treatments for vulvodynia. […] Gabapentin and botulinum toxin A are safe and effective treatments for vulvodynia. This condition can cause sexual dysfunction and affect quality of life. However, with proper management, satisfactory outcomes for women with vulvodynia can be achieved. […] To prevent infection, prophylactic antibiotics were prescribed. […] Gabapentin is believed to have different mechanisms of action for different therapeutic effects. […] The benefits of gabapentin include few side effects and minimal interactions with other medications. […] Our results suggest that gabapentin can be safely and effectively used in vulvodynia patients.

• #2 Vulvodynia: Diagnosis and Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2006/0401/p1231.html

  Vulvodynia should be suspected in any female with a history of more than three months of pain at the introitus or vulva. […] Tricyclic antidepressants should be considered for the treatment of vulvodynia. […] Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and gabapentin (Neurontin) should be considered for symptomatic relief of vulvodynia. […] Cognitive behavioral therapy should be used to decrease vulvar pain with intercourse. […] Biofeedback and physical therapy should be considered to help patients regain control of the pelvic floor musculature. […] Perineoplasty should be reserved for women with severe vulvodynia. […] Data are lacking about the effectiveness of various treatment options for vulvodynia, and many of the commonly recommended treatments have not been systematically studied in randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

• #2 Vulvodynia – Foundation for Female Health Awareness

  https://femalehealthawareness.org/en/vulvodynia/

  For women with vulvar pain at one specific area who do not respond to treatments like medications and therapy, surgery is an option. Vestibulectomy is the most commonly performed procedure. This procedure involves removing the painful tissue at the vulvar vestibule. Vaginal tissue is then used to repair the defect at the vulvar vestibule. Surgery has been shown to be very effective at improving everyday vulvar pain and pain with intercourse. […] Lifestyle modifications including eating a diet low in oxalate may help decrease inflammation. […] Sexual therapy and counseling can be very helpful in improving sexual functioning and satisfaction. This counseling can be done in a group setting, one on one, or as a couple.

• #2 Vulvodynia | LifeBridge Health

  https://www.lifebridgehealth.org/conditions/vulvodynia

  The first step in vulvodynia treatment usually involves avoiding products, clothing and other items that come in contact with the vulva and that may be irritating, such as soaps and products containing deodorants, perfumes and dyes. […] Pay close attention to what makes your symptoms worse, and avoid the things that provoke your pain. […] While you are experiencing pain, applying cool gel packs may bring relief. […] For some women, certain foods make symptoms worse while other foods help relieve symptoms. An elimination diet may help you identify these foods. […] The following medications have been found to be helpful in treating vulvodynia: Local anesthetics, Antidepressants and anti-seizure drugs, Hormone creams. […] Physical therapy can relax tissues in the pelvic floor and release tension in muscles and joints.

• #2 KoreaMed Synapse

  https://synapse.koreamed.org/articles/1005993

  The antinociceptive action of botulinum toxin A is known to last for approximately 1 year and usually appears within 1 to 2 months after injection. […] Our results suggest that for vulvodynia without pelvic floor muscle spasms, the effects of botulinum toxin A may be the result of neuronal uptake of the toxin or its metabolites, with subsequent influence on peripheral or central nociceptors. […] This condition can negatively impact quality of life, but with proper management, satisfactory pain relief is achievable.

• #3 Vulvodynia – Foundation for Female Health Awareness

  https://femalehealthawareness.org/en/vulvodynia/

  For women with vulvar pain at one specific area who do not respond to treatments like medications and therapy, surgery is an option. Vestibulectomy is the most commonly performed procedure. This procedure involves removing the painful tissue at the vulvar vestibule. Vaginal tissue is then used to repair the defect at the vulvar vestibule. Surgery has been shown to be very effective at improving everyday vulvar pain and pain with intercourse. […] Lifestyle modifications including eating a diet low in oxalate may help decrease inflammation. […] Sexual therapy and counseling can be very helpful in improving sexual functioning and satisfaction. This counseling can be done in a group setting, one on one, or as a couple.

• #3 Reddit – The heart of the internet

  https://www.reddit.com/r/vulvodynia/comments/11w1k3k/10_essential_steps_for_those_new_to_vulvar_and/

  5. Check your pelvic floor health: Vulvar pain and pelvic floor pain are often related. If the pelvic floor muscles are too contracted (hypertonic pelvic floor, vaginismus, …) they can cause pain throughout the vulvar area. […] In this cases, retraining the muscles through physical therapy is the primary treatment. […] Through physical therapy you will in fact learn and use many practices that can help you overcome your pain. […] 6. Check your nerves: Pelvic pain can also come from a damage or irritation of the pudendal nerve, a main nerve in the pelvis. This is referred to as pudendal neuralgia. […] Medicines to alter the pain, painkilling injections and pelvic floor physical therapy are the main treatments. […] 9. Advocate for yourself: As mentioned above, unfortunately, not all gynecologists are competent and knowledgeable. […] In general, the more informed you are about your condition, the more you can ask questions, monitor what the doctor is doing, and have control over your own body. […] The sooner you find the cause of your pain and treat it appropriately, the less opportunity you will give the inflammation to worsen and damage your tissue and nerves.

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