Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Vulvodynia (vulval pain)

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vulvodynia/

  Vulvodynia is pain in the vulva (area around the outside of the vagina) that lasts at least 3 months and does not have a specific cause. It can have a big effect on your life, but there are treatments that can help. […] Vulvodynia can have a big impact on your life, affecting things like your sleep, concentration and sexual relationships. […] The main aim of treatment for vulvodynia is to help manage the pain. […] Vulvodynia is often treated by more than one specialist, including: a gynaecologist, a physiotherapist, a psychologist, a pain specialist. […] A number of different treatments may be recommended under the guidance of these specialists. […] Treatments for vulvodynia can include: medicines this may be a cream you rub on your vulva to numb the pain or tablets to treat nerve pain, pelvic floor exercises to help you control your vaginal muscles, gently widening your vagina using tampon-shaped objects (vaginal trainers), psychological therapies, such as cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) or psychosexual therapy (therapy to help with sexual problems), surgery to remove the painful part of your vulva this may occasionally be offered if other treatments have not worked. […] No single treatment works for everyone, and you may need to try several treatments to find out what works best for you. […] There are some things you can do to help reduce vulval pain and ensure good vaginal hygiene. […] The exact cause of vulvodynia is not known.

• #2 Vulvodynia | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/vulvodynia

  Vulvodynia is pain that lasts for 3 months or longer and is not caused by an infection, skin disorder, or other medical condition. […] Vulvodynia most commonly is described as burning, stinging, irritation, and rawness. […] If you have vulvodynia, gentle care of the vulva is best. Avoid products and other items that may be irritating. […] Many kinds of treatment are available. No one method works all the time for everyone. […] Keeping a pain diary can help you track your symptoms and how they respond to different therapies. […] Physical therapy is another option for treating vulvodynia. […] A nerve block is a type of anesthesia in which an anesthetic drug is injected into the nerves that carry pain signals from the vulva to the spinal cord. […] Cognitive behavioral therapy may be suggested if you have vulvodynia. […] A vestibulectomy is the removal of the painful tissue from the part of the vulva called the vestibule.

• #3 Vulvodynia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430792/

  Vulvodynia is a chronic pain condition characterized by persistent vulvar discomfort or pain lasting at least 3 months without a clearly identifiable cause. […] Timely diagnosis and increased awareness are crucial for effective management, which typically involves a combination of medical, behavioral, and interventional therapies. […] Educating healthcare providers and increasing awareness are crucial for timely diagnosis and effective management, helping to improve the physical and emotional well-being of those affected by vulvodynia. […] A comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach is essential for timely diagnosis and effective management, improving both physical and emotional well-being. […] Treatment requires a multidisciplinary approach. Validating the individual’s pain complaints is crucial, as many women have struggled in silence for a long time or have seen multiple practitioners without finding effective treatment.

• #4 Vulvodynia – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vulvodynia/symptoms-causes/syc-20353423

  Vulvodynia (vul-voe-DIN-e-uh) is a type of long-term pain or discomfort around the outer part of the female genitals, called the vulva. It lasts at least three months and has no clear cause. The pain, burning or irritation linked with vulvodynia can make you so uncomfortable that sitting for a long time or having sex becomes unthinkable. The condition can last for months to years. […] If you have symptoms of vulvodynia, don’t let embarrassment or a lack of visible signs stop you from talking with your gynecologist or another healthcare professional. Treatments can ease your discomfort. And your care team might be able to find a cause for your pain. So, it’s key to get a medical exam. […] If you have pain in your vulva, talk with your gynecologist or another member of your healthcare team.

• #5 Vulvodynia Demystified: Vulvar Pain Causes and Treatments – ETCOA

  https://www.centerofendometriosis.com/blog/vulvodynia-101-metro-detroit-etcoa/

  Vulvodynia is chronic pain or discomfort that occurs around the opening of your vagina (vulva). Women often describe the pain as burning, stabbing, or throbbing. It can last for months or years, be intermittent or constant, and occur in only one area of the vulva or multiple areas. […] The main symptom of vulvodynia is chronic vulvar painpain that lasts for 3 months or more. This pain can be debilitating and interfere with your day-to-day life. Other symptoms include: Vaginal burning, Pain with intercourse, Vaginal throbbing, Vaginal itching and irritation, A feeling of rawness around the vagina. […] Getting a diagnosis for vulvodynia means finding a compassionate womens health specialist who will perform a comprehensive evaluation. […] At Endometriosis Treatment Center of America, we can provide effective, multi-modal treatment for vulvodynia. Treatment may include one or more of the following: Lifestyle change support, Oral pain relief medicines, Topical medicines, Botox Injections, Pelvic Floor Muscle Therapy.

• #6 Vulvar conditions | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/vulval-conditions

  Vulvar conditions can be loosely categorised in the following ways: […] Conditions include: […] Vulvodynia this is vulvar pain of at least three months duration without an obvious cause found. It is not an inflammation or infection […] Management and treatment for chronic vulvar pain includes medications, pelvic floor physiotherapy, pain management therapy and, at times, simple measures such as local anaesthetic creams.

• #7 Vulvar Pain Specialist – Santa Clarita, CA: Women Elite Care: OBGYN

  https://www.womenelitecare.com/services/vulvar-pain

  Pain around the opening of your vagina, also known as the vulva, can be frustrating and life-disrupting. […] Vulvar pain, also called vulvodynia, is any pain or discomfort you feel around your vagina. Usually, you dont have a clear cause, such as an infection, and the pain lasts for three months or longer. […] Often, vulvodynia lasts for months or years and makes even the simplest tasks, such as sitting for long periods, uncomfortable. You may avoid sexual intercourse due to the discomfort. Long-term vulvodynia can lead to self-consciousness, embarrassment, and depression. […] Vulvar pain and soreness is the number one symptom of vulvodynia. […] The pain may be constant or come and go; sometimes the pain is only evident when the area is touched. […] Weakness in the pelvic floor, specifically in the muscles that support the uterus, bladder, and bowel can be another reason for your pain.

• #8 Vulval pain | Jean Hailes

  https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/vulva-vagina/vulval-pain

  Vulvodynia is the medical term for chronic pain or discomfort in the vulva that lasts for at least three months. Any pressure applied to your vulva, such as having sex, inserting a tampon, using toilet paper or sitting for prolonged periods of time can be unbearable. […] Vulvodynia can affect women of all ages, but it usually affects women from their mid-20s to 60s. Its estimated about 16% of women will experience vulvodynia in their lifetime. […] Treatment of vulvodynia aims to reduce your pain and improve your quality of life. […] In about 40% of women, vulvodynia will get better on its own. […] Treatment for vulvodynia may involve different health professionals such as: a GP, a gynaecologist, a dermatologist, a pelvic floor physiotherapist, a psychologist, a pain specialist, a sexual health physician, a sex therapist.

• #9 Vulvodynia – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vulvodynia/symptoms-causes/syc-20353423

  A healthcare professional needs to find out if your pain has a treatable cause that’s different from vulvodynia, such as: An active infection from yeast or bacteria. […] But it’s key to get a checkup, so a member of your healthcare team can give you an exam and recommend the right treatment for you. […] Without treatment, vulvodynia can affect mental health, relationships and other aspects of your life. […] The condition is linked with anxiety and depression. It’s also tied to less sexual desire, arousal and enjoyment. […] Intimacy issues such as these lead many people with vulvodynia to say they feel shame, lower self-esteem, negative about body image and lacking as a sexual partner. […] The pain and other symptoms of vulvodynia might make it harder to keep up with work. You may feel less social too. And you may have trouble getting quality sleep.

• #10 Vulvodynia – HealthyWomen

  https://www.healthywomen.org/condition/vulvodynia

  Vulvodynia is chronic pain or discomfort of the vulva (the area surrounding the outside of the vagina) that lasts for three months or longer without any evidence of other skin or gynecological causes. […] Vulvodynia can cause significant physical, sexual and psychological distress. Women who suffer with vulvodynia report difficulties exercising, being intimate and taking part in other daily activities. […] Almost two out of three (60 percent) of women with vulvodynia cannot have sexual intercourse because of the pain. […] Vulvodynia is diagnosed when other causes of vulvar pain, such as infections, skin problems or neurologic disorders, are evaluated and ruled out. […] There are treatments available to provide symptom relief. These may include a combination of advice on vulvar skin care, oral and/or topical medications, physical therapy and biofeedback training, dietary modifications, counseling and, in some cases, surgery.

• #11 Vulvodynia – HealthyWomen

  https://www.healthywomen.org/condition/vulvodynia

  Vulvodynia is chronic pain or discomfort of the vulva (the area surrounding the outside of the vagina) that lasts for three months or longer without any evidence of other skin or gynecological causes. […] Vulvodynia can cause significant physical, sexual and psychological distress. Women who suffer with vulvodynia report difficulties exercising, being intimate and taking part in other daily activities. […] Almost two out of three (60 percent) of women with vulvodynia cannot have sexual intercourse because of the pain. […] Vulvodynia is diagnosed when other causes of vulvar pain, such as infections, skin problems or neurologic disorders, are evaluated and ruled out. […] There are treatments available to provide symptom relief. These may include a combination of advice on vulvar skin care, oral and/or topical medications, physical therapy and biofeedback training, dietary modifications, counseling and, in some cases, surgery.

• #12 Vulvar pain of unknown cause (vulvodynia): Clinical manifestations and diagnosis – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/vulvar-pain-of-unknown-cause-vulvodynia-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis

  Vulvar pain of unknown cause (vulvodynia): Clinical manifestations and diagnosis […] Localized vulvar pain syndrome is a persistent vulvar pain that can be consistently and precisely localized to the vulvar vestibule during physical examination, has no identifiable cause, and has been present for at least three months. This syndrome has previously been referred to as vulvodynia, vestibulodynia, vulvar vestibulitis, and focal vulvitis. […] This topic will review the clinical manifestations and diagnosis of localized vulvar pain syndrome. Information on treatment of vulvar pain, generalized vulvar pain syndromes, and sexual pain in women is presented separately. […] […] Disclaimer: This generalized information is a limited summary of diagnosis, treatment, and/or medication information. It is not meant to be comprehensive and should be used as a tool to help the user understand and/or assess potential diagnostic and treatment options. It does NOT include all information about conditions, treatments, medications, side effects, or risks that may apply to a specific patient. It is not intended to be medical advice or a substitute for the medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment of a health care provider based on the health care provider’s examination and assessment of a patient’s specific and unique circumstances. Patients must speak with a health care provider for complete information about their health, medical questions, and treatment options, including any risks or benefits regarding use of medications. This information does not endorse any treatments or medications as safe, effective, or approved for treating a specific patient. UpToDate, Inc. and its affiliates disclaim any warranty or liability relating to this information or the use thereof. The use of this information is governed by the Terms of Use, available at https://www.wolterskluwer.com/en/know/clinical-effectiveness-terms. 2025© UpToDate, Inc. and its affiliates and/or licensors. All rights reserved.

• #13 Vestibulodynia: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23514-vestibulodynia

  People with vestibulodynia experience pain at the entrance of their vagina (vestibule). Its a form of vulvodynia, which causes chronic pain in the vulva. […] Vestibulodynia is a form of vulvodynia or serious and long-lasting (chronic) vulvar pain that occurs for no known reason. […] Vestibulodynia is a type of vulvodynia. With both conditions, you experience vulvar pain that doesnt have an apparent cause. […] Provoked vestibulodynia refers to pain that occurs when theres pressure on your vaginal vestibule. The pressure provokes or brings on chronic pain that lasts for at least three months. […] Treatments for vestibulodynia focus on easing pain and managing symptoms. […] Nonmedicinal treatments for vestibulodynia include: Anesthetic (numbing) skin creams. […] Some people with provoked vestibulodynia who dont respond to treatments benefit from surgery to remove sensitive skin and tissue. This surgery (a vestibulectomy) provides permanent symptom relief in many cases.

• #14 Vulvodynia: Persistent vulvar pain – Foundational Concepts

  https://www.foundationalconcepts.com/the-pelvic-chronicles-blog/vulvodynia-persistent-vulvar-pain/

  We have discussed persistent pain. Now I would like to talk about pelvic pain conditions. One painful condition is called Vulvodynia. (Vul Vo Din Ee Uh) Vulvodynia actually means pain in the vulva. The vulva is the external genitalia in women. Pain is often aching, burning pain. It can be one sided, or throughout the area. […] The pain in vulvodynia is not caused by a clinical disease. Some common treatable disorders that might cause pain in the vulva are (not limited to) yeast infections, dermatological conditions (lichen sclerosis, dermatitis), hormonal changes, neuralgias. These can also cause persistent pain in the vulvo-vaginal area, but are not defined as vulvodynia. […] There are two primary types of vulvodynia. Provoked vulvodynia (PVD) is more localized pain that is sharp and comes on with pressure, touch in the area. PVD is the most common type of vulvodynia. Generalized vulvodynia (GVD) is pain throughout the vulvar area that is constant or mostly constant and may worsen with pressure/touch, and does not go away. GVD is often described as a burning, achy pain.

• #15 Vaginal and vulval pain: know the different causes and… | Jean Hailes

  https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/news/vaginal-vulval-pain-know-the-different-causes-and-when-to-seek-help

  The pain of vulvodynia is often described as a burning pain or discomfort in the vulva. It can be located in one area or across the whole vulva. […] In vulvodynia, the pain cannot be linked to a specific cause. It may or may not be triggered by touch. Provoked vulvodynia means the pain occurs with touch, such as inserting a tampon or attempting sex, whereas unprovoked vulvodynia means the pain is there all the time. […] Dr Farrell says its important to know that women with vulvodynia have a normal-looking vulva that is, there is no sign of irritation, inflammation or disease. […] Vulvodynia is a chronic pain condition that can last for months or years, but can often be treated with a multidisciplinary team of health professionals.

• #16 Localised provoked vestibulodynia (vulvodynia): assessment and management

  https://www.racgp.org.au/afp/2015/july/localised-provoked-vestibulodynia-vulvodynia-asses

  Vulvodynia is a chronic vulvar pain condition. Localised provoked vestibulodynia (LPV) is the most common subset of vulvodynia, the hallmark symptom being pain on vaginal penetration. […] Management is multidisciplinary and includes psychological, physical and pharmacological therapies. With appropriate intervention, most women can expect significant reduction in pain and improved quality of life. […] Vulvodynia is defined by the International Society for the Study of Vulvovaginal Disease (ISSVD) as chronic vulvar discomfort, most often described as burning pain, occurring in the absence of relevant findings or a specific, clinically identifiable, neurologic disorder. […] LPV is characterised by tenderness to gentle touch or pressure in the vulvar vestibule. […] The goal of treatment is to reduce pain and to improve quality of life and sexual function.

• #17 Vaginal and vulval pain: know the different causes and… | Jean Hailes

  https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/news/vaginal-vulval-pain-know-the-different-causes-and-when-to-seek-help

  The pain of vulvodynia is often described as a burning pain or discomfort in the vulva. It can be located in one area or across the whole vulva. […] In vulvodynia, the pain cannot be linked to a specific cause. It may or may not be triggered by touch. Provoked vulvodynia means the pain occurs with touch, such as inserting a tampon or attempting sex, whereas unprovoked vulvodynia means the pain is there all the time. […] Dr Farrell says its important to know that women with vulvodynia have a normal-looking vulva that is, there is no sign of irritation, inflammation or disease. […] Vulvodynia is a chronic pain condition that can last for months or years, but can often be treated with a multidisciplinary team of health professionals.

• #18 Vestibulodynia: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23514-vestibulodynia

  People with vestibulodynia experience pain at the entrance of their vagina (vestibule). Its a form of vulvodynia, which causes chronic pain in the vulva. […] Vestibulodynia is a form of vulvodynia or serious and long-lasting (chronic) vulvar pain that occurs for no known reason. […] Vestibulodynia is a type of vulvodynia. With both conditions, you experience vulvar pain that doesnt have an apparent cause. […] Provoked vestibulodynia refers to pain that occurs when theres pressure on your vaginal vestibule. The pressure provokes or brings on chronic pain that lasts for at least three months. […] Treatments for vestibulodynia focus on easing pain and managing symptoms. […] Nonmedicinal treatments for vestibulodynia include: Anesthetic (numbing) skin creams. […] Some people with provoked vestibulodynia who dont respond to treatments benefit from surgery to remove sensitive skin and tissue. This surgery (a vestibulectomy) provides permanent symptom relief in many cases.

• #19 Localised provoked vestibulodynia (vulvodynia): assessment and management

  https://www.racgp.org.au/afp/2015/july/localised-provoked-vestibulodynia-vulvodynia-asses

  Vulvodynia is a chronic vulvar pain condition. Localised provoked vestibulodynia (LPV) is the most common subset of vulvodynia, the hallmark symptom being pain on vaginal penetration. […] Management is multidisciplinary and includes psychological, physical and pharmacological therapies. With appropriate intervention, most women can expect significant reduction in pain and improved quality of life. […] Vulvodynia is defined by the International Society for the Study of Vulvovaginal Disease (ISSVD) as chronic vulvar discomfort, most often described as burning pain, occurring in the absence of relevant findings or a specific, clinically identifiable, neurologic disorder. […] LPV is characterised by tenderness to gentle touch or pressure in the vulvar vestibule. […] The goal of treatment is to reduce pain and to improve quality of life and sexual function.

• #20 Conditions – The Centers for Vulvovaginal Disorders

  https://vulvodynia.com/conditions/vulvar-vestibulitis

  Vulvar vestibulitis syndrome (also know as vestibulodynia or vestibular adenitis) is a subset of vulvodynia that is characterized by severe pain during attempted vaginal entry (intercourse or tampons insertion), tenderness to pressure localized to the vulvar vestibule and redness of the vulvar vestibule. […] The physicians at the Centers for Vulvovaginal Disorders have identified at least a least a dozen different causes (diseases or conditions) that cause vestibular pain, redness, and pain during intercourse, i.e. vestibulitis. […] It is imperative that a woman with vestibulitis have a thorough evaluation by health care provider familiar with all the causes of vestibular pain. In addition, treatments should be directed at the specific cause of the vestibulitis. Just as we don’t treat every case of foot pain with a cast, we shouldn’t treat every case of vestibulitis with one specific treatment. […] Vulvodynia is currently defined as „vulvar discom.

• #21 Vulvodynia – HealthyWomen

  https://www.healthywomen.org/condition/vulvodynia

  Vulvodynia is chronic pain or discomfort of the vulva (the area surrounding the outside of the vagina) that lasts for three months or longer without any evidence of other skin or gynecological causes. […] Vulvodynia can cause significant physical, sexual and psychological distress. Women who suffer with vulvodynia report difficulties exercising, being intimate and taking part in other daily activities. […] Almost two out of three (60 percent) of women with vulvodynia cannot have sexual intercourse because of the pain. […] Vulvodynia is diagnosed when other causes of vulvar pain, such as infections, skin problems or neurologic disorders, are evaluated and ruled out. […] There are treatments available to provide symptom relief. These may include a combination of advice on vulvar skin care, oral and/or topical medications, physical therapy and biofeedback training, dietary modifications, counseling and, in some cases, surgery.

• #22 Vulvodynia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430792/

  Vulvodynia is a chronic pain condition characterized by persistent vulvar discomfort or pain lasting at least 3 months without a clearly identifiable cause. […] Timely diagnosis and increased awareness are crucial for effective management, which typically involves a combination of medical, behavioral, and interventional therapies. […] Educating healthcare providers and increasing awareness are crucial for timely diagnosis and effective management, helping to improve the physical and emotional well-being of those affected by vulvodynia. […] A comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach is essential for timely diagnosis and effective management, improving both physical and emotional well-being. […] Treatment requires a multidisciplinary approach. Validating the individual’s pain complaints is crucial, as many women have struggled in silence for a long time or have seen multiple practitioners without finding effective treatment.

• #23 Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development – NICHD

  http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/factsheets/vulvodynia

  Vulvodynia is chronic pain or discomfort of the vulva. […] Therapies can help relieve symptoms of vulvodynia, but the condition can have some serious effects on women’s reproductive health and day-to-day life. […] Understanding vulvodynia is an important part of NICHD’s mission to improve women’s quality of life. […] Vulvodynia can cause burning, stinging, irritation, or rawness of the vulva. […] Pain may move around or always be in the same place. It can be constant, or it can come and go. […] Health care providers do not know what causes vulvodynia. […] To diagnose vulvodynia, a health care provider will take a detailed medical history, including pain characteristics and any accompanying bowel, bladder, or sexual problems. […] The provider may also perform a cotton swab test, applying gentle pressure to various vulvar sites and asking the patient to rate the severity of the pain.

• #24

  https://christianacare.org/us/en/care/womens-healthcare/my-body/urogynecology/vulvodynia-and-vulvar-vestibulitis

  Vulvodynia and vulvar vestibulitis are mainly diagnosed through a review of your family medical history and a physical exam. The exam includes the doctor touching different parts of the vulva with a cotton swab to identify pain triggers. Vulvar vestibulitis is diagnosed when a patient has a positive touch test and redness at the opening of the vagina. […] There are many treatment options, and a combination is often necessary. Options include: Medication. Many medications are available, including oral varieties and topical creams. Some treat specific conditions such as inflammation and atrophy. Sometimes drugs are combined into special formulas to treat multiple symptoms. […] Managing behavior. Sometimes, changing simple things can control your symptoms. This could include using hypoallergenic detergents and soaps, wearing cotton underwear and other breathable clothing, and avoiding tight-fitting garments.

• #25 Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development – NICHD

  http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/factsheets/vulvodynia

  Vulvodynia is chronic pain or discomfort of the vulva. […] Therapies can help relieve symptoms of vulvodynia, but the condition can have some serious effects on women’s reproductive health and day-to-day life. […] Understanding vulvodynia is an important part of NICHD’s mission to improve women’s quality of life. […] Vulvodynia can cause burning, stinging, irritation, or rawness of the vulva. […] Pain may move around or always be in the same place. It can be constant, or it can come and go. […] Health care providers do not know what causes vulvodynia. […] To diagnose vulvodynia, a health care provider will take a detailed medical history, including pain characteristics and any accompanying bowel, bladder, or sexual problems. […] The provider may also perform a cotton swab test, applying gentle pressure to various vulvar sites and asking the patient to rate the severity of the pain.

• #26

  https://christianacare.org/us/en/care/womens-healthcare/my-body/urogynecology/vulvodynia-and-vulvar-vestibulitis

  Vulvodynia and vulvar vestibulitis are mainly diagnosed through a review of your family medical history and a physical exam. The exam includes the doctor touching different parts of the vulva with a cotton swab to identify pain triggers. Vulvar vestibulitis is diagnosed when a patient has a positive touch test and redness at the opening of the vagina. […] There are many treatment options, and a combination is often necessary. Options include: Medication. Many medications are available, including oral varieties and topical creams. Some treat specific conditions such as inflammation and atrophy. Sometimes drugs are combined into special formulas to treat multiple symptoms. […] Managing behavior. Sometimes, changing simple things can control your symptoms. This could include using hypoallergenic detergents and soaps, wearing cotton underwear and other breathable clothing, and avoiding tight-fitting garments.

• #27 Vulvar Endometriosis Mimicking as Primary Vulvodynia in a Young Nulliparous Woman: Algorithm of Care Following a Rapid Literature Review | Adedipe | Journal of Clinical Gynecology and Obstetrics

  https://jcgo.org/index.php/jcgo/article/view/735/460

  Vulvar endometriosis is rare and can present as primary vulvodynia in the young woman. […] It may also mimic other causes of chronic pelvic pain such as interstitial cystitis leading to conflicting management. […] However, a strong correlation of progressively increasing vulvar pain or discomfort to her menstrual cycle activity with or without a visible lesion should raise the likelihood of this condition. […] A good history-taking session will identify any factors leading to vulvodynia such as previous infections, Crohns disease, presence of dermatoses, vulvar trauma, surgery and previous sexual assault and/or coitus with poor vaginal lubrication. […] In a young woman who presents without the above but reports a cyclical pattern to her vulvar pain, vulvar endometriosis should be considered.

• #28

  https://christianacare.org/us/en/care/womens-healthcare/my-body/urogynecology/vulvodynia-and-vulvar-vestibulitis

  Vulvodynia and vulvar vestibulitis are mainly diagnosed through a review of your family medical history and a physical exam. The exam includes the doctor touching different parts of the vulva with a cotton swab to identify pain triggers. Vulvar vestibulitis is diagnosed when a patient has a positive touch test and redness at the opening of the vagina. […] There are many treatment options, and a combination is often necessary. Options include: Medication. Many medications are available, including oral varieties and topical creams. Some treat specific conditions such as inflammation and atrophy. Sometimes drugs are combined into special formulas to treat multiple symptoms. […] Managing behavior. Sometimes, changing simple things can control your symptoms. This could include using hypoallergenic detergents and soaps, wearing cotton underwear and other breathable clothing, and avoiding tight-fitting garments.

• #29 Vulvodynia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430792/

  Different clinicians may be involved in the care of the patient. An appropriate interprofessional healthcare team may include a gynecologist with a special interest in vulvovaginal health, often involved in societies such as the International Society for the Study of Women’s Sexual Health (ISSWSH) and the ISSVD, as well as a dermatologist, neurologist, pain management specialist, urologist, and a physical therapist specializing in women’s health. […] Women’s health physical therapy has become an effective component of vulvodynia treatment. Most patients should be referred for evaluation and management of pelvic floor muscle weakness and spasms. […] Education and awareness are essential for improving awareness, early diagnosis, and effective management of vulvodynia. […] Additionally, interdisciplinary collaboration among healthcare providers, including physical therapy and psychological support, enhances treatment outcomes.

• #30 Vulvodynia Treatments – The National Vulvodynia Association

  https://www.nva.org/learnpatient/medical-management/

  Vulvodynia is not simply a gynecological disorder and experts typically recommend a multidisciplinary approach. […] It is a chronic pain condition of the vulva, and if you dont experience adequate relief with treatment prescribed by your gynecologist, treatment by a womens health physical therapist and/or a pain management specialist can be very helpful. […] A recent review of the research recommended both physical therapy and cognitive behavior therapy for women suffering from vulvodynia. […] At this time, there is no single treatment that helps every woman with vulvodynia. […] Finding the best treatment, or combination of treatments for you is a trial and error process. […] Health care professionals recommend eliminating over-the-counter feminine products such as perfumed bubble baths, soaps, sprays and douches that can irritate vulvar tissue.

• #31 Vulval pain | Jean Hailes

  https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/vulva-vagina/vulval-pain

  Vulvodynia is the medical term for chronic pain or discomfort in the vulva that lasts for at least three months. Any pressure applied to your vulva, such as having sex, inserting a tampon, using toilet paper or sitting for prolonged periods of time can be unbearable. […] Vulvodynia can affect women of all ages, but it usually affects women from their mid-20s to 60s. Its estimated about 16% of women will experience vulvodynia in their lifetime. […] Treatment of vulvodynia aims to reduce your pain and improve your quality of life. […] In about 40% of women, vulvodynia will get better on its own. […] Treatment for vulvodynia may involve different health professionals such as: a GP, a gynaecologist, a dermatologist, a pelvic floor physiotherapist, a psychologist, a pain specialist, a sexual health physician, a sex therapist.

• #32 Vulvodynia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430792/

  Different clinicians may be involved in the care of the patient. An appropriate interprofessional healthcare team may include a gynecologist with a special interest in vulvovaginal health, often involved in societies such as the International Society for the Study of Women’s Sexual Health (ISSWSH) and the ISSVD, as well as a dermatologist, neurologist, pain management specialist, urologist, and a physical therapist specializing in women’s health. […] Women’s health physical therapy has become an effective component of vulvodynia treatment. Most patients should be referred for evaluation and management of pelvic floor muscle weakness and spasms. […] Education and awareness are essential for improving awareness, early diagnosis, and effective management of vulvodynia. […] Additionally, interdisciplinary collaboration among healthcare providers, including physical therapy and psychological support, enhances treatment outcomes.

• #33 Vulval pain | Jean Hailes

  https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/vulva-vagina/vulval-pain

  Vulvodynia is the medical term for chronic pain or discomfort in the vulva that lasts for at least three months. Any pressure applied to your vulva, such as having sex, inserting a tampon, using toilet paper or sitting for prolonged periods of time can be unbearable. […] Vulvodynia can affect women of all ages, but it usually affects women from their mid-20s to 60s. Its estimated about 16% of women will experience vulvodynia in their lifetime. […] Treatment of vulvodynia aims to reduce your pain and improve your quality of life. […] In about 40% of women, vulvodynia will get better on its own. […] Treatment for vulvodynia may involve different health professionals such as: a GP, a gynaecologist, a dermatologist, a pelvic floor physiotherapist, a psychologist, a pain specialist, a sexual health physician, a sex therapist.

• #34 Vulvodynia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430792/

  Different clinicians may be involved in the care of the patient. An appropriate interprofessional healthcare team may include a gynecologist with a special interest in vulvovaginal health, often involved in societies such as the International Society for the Study of Women’s Sexual Health (ISSWSH) and the ISSVD, as well as a dermatologist, neurologist, pain management specialist, urologist, and a physical therapist specializing in women’s health. […] Women’s health physical therapy has become an effective component of vulvodynia treatment. Most patients should be referred for evaluation and management of pelvic floor muscle weakness and spasms. […] Education and awareness are essential for improving awareness, early diagnosis, and effective management of vulvodynia. […] Additionally, interdisciplinary collaboration among healthcare providers, including physical therapy and psychological support, enhances treatment outcomes.

• #35 Vulval pain | Jean Hailes

  https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/vulva-vagina/vulval-pain

  Vulvodynia is the medical term for chronic pain or discomfort in the vulva that lasts for at least three months. Any pressure applied to your vulva, such as having sex, inserting a tampon, using toilet paper or sitting for prolonged periods of time can be unbearable. […] Vulvodynia can affect women of all ages, but it usually affects women from their mid-20s to 60s. Its estimated about 16% of women will experience vulvodynia in their lifetime. […] Treatment of vulvodynia aims to reduce your pain and improve your quality of life. […] In about 40% of women, vulvodynia will get better on its own. […] Treatment for vulvodynia may involve different health professionals such as: a GP, a gynaecologist, a dermatologist, a pelvic floor physiotherapist, a psychologist, a pain specialist, a sexual health physician, a sex therapist.

• #36 Vulvodynia Treatments – The National Vulvodynia Association

  https://www.nva.org/learnpatient/medical-management/

  Eliminating irritants is typically the first step in treatment. […] Medications that are effective in alleviating other chronic pain conditions are often used in the treatment of vulvodynia. […] Some women with vulvodynia also have pelvic floor muscle weakness or spasm. […] In addition to evaluating pelvic floor muscles, a physical therapist should assess joints, muscles and nerves in the lower half of the body to determine if they play a role in vulvar pain. […] Treatments include exercise, education, and manual therapies, such as massage, soft-tissue work and joint mobilization. […] Many women experience short-term relief with this procedure and some experience long-term relief. […] Since living with chronic vulvar pain usually affects a womans sexual relationship and can lead to anxiety and/or depression, some women find it helps to see a psychologist or a couples/sex therapist.

• #37 Vulval pain | Jean Hailes

  https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/vulva-vagina/vulval-pain

  Vulvodynia is the medical term for chronic pain or discomfort in the vulva that lasts for at least three months. Any pressure applied to your vulva, such as having sex, inserting a tampon, using toilet paper or sitting for prolonged periods of time can be unbearable. […] Vulvodynia can affect women of all ages, but it usually affects women from their mid-20s to 60s. Its estimated about 16% of women will experience vulvodynia in their lifetime. […] Treatment of vulvodynia aims to reduce your pain and improve your quality of life. […] In about 40% of women, vulvodynia will get better on its own. […] Treatment for vulvodynia may involve different health professionals such as: a GP, a gynaecologist, a dermatologist, a pelvic floor physiotherapist, a psychologist, a pain specialist, a sexual health physician, a sex therapist.

• #38 Vulvodynia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430792/

  Different clinicians may be involved in the care of the patient. An appropriate interprofessional healthcare team may include a gynecologist with a special interest in vulvovaginal health, often involved in societies such as the International Society for the Study of Women’s Sexual Health (ISSWSH) and the ISSVD, as well as a dermatologist, neurologist, pain management specialist, urologist, and a physical therapist specializing in women’s health. […] Women’s health physical therapy has become an effective component of vulvodynia treatment. Most patients should be referred for evaluation and management of pelvic floor muscle weakness and spasms. […] Education and awareness are essential for improving awareness, early diagnosis, and effective management of vulvodynia. […] Additionally, interdisciplinary collaboration among healthcare providers, including physical therapy and psychological support, enhances treatment outcomes.

• #39 Vulval pain | Jean Hailes

  https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/vulva-vagina/vulval-pain

  Vulvodynia is the medical term for chronic pain or discomfort in the vulva that lasts for at least three months. Any pressure applied to your vulva, such as having sex, inserting a tampon, using toilet paper or sitting for prolonged periods of time can be unbearable. […] Vulvodynia can affect women of all ages, but it usually affects women from their mid-20s to 60s. Its estimated about 16% of women will experience vulvodynia in their lifetime. […] Treatment of vulvodynia aims to reduce your pain and improve your quality of life. […] In about 40% of women, vulvodynia will get better on its own. […] Treatment for vulvodynia may involve different health professionals such as: a GP, a gynaecologist, a dermatologist, a pelvic floor physiotherapist, a psychologist, a pain specialist, a sexual health physician, a sex therapist.

• #40 Vulvodynia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430792/

  Different clinicians may be involved in the care of the patient. An appropriate interprofessional healthcare team may include a gynecologist with a special interest in vulvovaginal health, often involved in societies such as the International Society for the Study of Women’s Sexual Health (ISSWSH) and the ISSVD, as well as a dermatologist, neurologist, pain management specialist, urologist, and a physical therapist specializing in women’s health. […] Women’s health physical therapy has become an effective component of vulvodynia treatment. Most patients should be referred for evaluation and management of pelvic floor muscle weakness and spasms. […] Education and awareness are essential for improving awareness, early diagnosis, and effective management of vulvodynia. […] Additionally, interdisciplinary collaboration among healthcare providers, including physical therapy and psychological support, enhances treatment outcomes.

• #41 Vulvodynia: Causes, Symptoms, Management & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17878-vulvodynia

  Vulvodynia is pain in your vulva that lasts longer than three months. Treatment may include medicine, physical therapy, surgery and behavioral health support. […] Vulvodynia treatment takes time. Finding the treatment or combination of treatments that bring you pain relief involves trial and error. Treatments that eventually work might not work immediately. […] Treatments may include: Topical medications: You can apply creams and ointments that numb your vulva (anesthetics) or stabilize your nerves. Your provider may also prescribe topical creams that contain estrogen or a mix of estrogen and progesterone. Oral medication: Antidepressants and anticonvulsants that you can take by mouth can reduce nerve pain. A nerve block: Your provider may recommend an injection that prevents pain signals from traveling from your nerves to your brain. Physical therapy: Physical therapy can loosen muscle tension in your pelvic floor (the muscles, ligaments and connective tissue in your pelvis). It may also reduce how often your pelvic floor muscles spasm (contract involuntarily). Muscle spasms are common with vulvodynia. Treatment may involve stretching, lengthening and strengthening weak pelvic floor muscles. Vestibulectomy: This surgery can be helpful for people with localized vulvodynia whose pain hasnt improved with more conservative treatments. During the procedure, your healthcare provider removes tissue in the part of your vulva that feels painful. Counseling: Individual counseling, couples counseling or sex therapy may help you improve those areas of your life negatively impacted by vulvodynia, like sexual relationships.

• #42 Vulvodynia (vulval pain)

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vulvodynia/

  Vulvodynia is pain in the vulva (area around the outside of the vagina) that lasts at least 3 months and does not have a specific cause. It can have a big effect on your life, but there are treatments that can help. […] Vulvodynia can have a big impact on your life, affecting things like your sleep, concentration and sexual relationships. […] The main aim of treatment for vulvodynia is to help manage the pain. […] Vulvodynia is often treated by more than one specialist, including: a gynaecologist, a physiotherapist, a psychologist, a pain specialist. […] A number of different treatments may be recommended under the guidance of these specialists. […] Treatments for vulvodynia can include: medicines this may be a cream you rub on your vulva to numb the pain or tablets to treat nerve pain, pelvic floor exercises to help you control your vaginal muscles, gently widening your vagina using tampon-shaped objects (vaginal trainers), psychological therapies, such as cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) or psychosexual therapy (therapy to help with sexual problems), surgery to remove the painful part of your vulva this may occasionally be offered if other treatments have not worked. […] No single treatment works for everyone, and you may need to try several treatments to find out what works best for you. […] There are some things you can do to help reduce vulval pain and ensure good vaginal hygiene. […] The exact cause of vulvodynia is not known.

• #43 Vulvodynia Treatments – The National Vulvodynia Association

  https://www.nva.org/learnpatient/medical-management/

  Vulvodynia is not simply a gynecological disorder and experts typically recommend a multidisciplinary approach. […] It is a chronic pain condition of the vulva, and if you dont experience adequate relief with treatment prescribed by your gynecologist, treatment by a womens health physical therapist and/or a pain management specialist can be very helpful. […] A recent review of the research recommended both physical therapy and cognitive behavior therapy for women suffering from vulvodynia. […] At this time, there is no single treatment that helps every woman with vulvodynia. […] Finding the best treatment, or combination of treatments for you is a trial and error process. […] Health care professionals recommend eliminating over-the-counter feminine products such as perfumed bubble baths, soaps, sprays and douches that can irritate vulvar tissue.

• #44 Vulvodynia – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vulvodynia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353427

  Vulvodynia treatments focus on relieving symptoms. No one treatment works in every case. For many people, a mix of treatments works best. It can take time to find the right combination. It also can take months to get relief. […] Your health care team may recommend medicines such as: […] Local anesthetics. These stronger medicines can block pain for a short time. For example, you might put a local anesthetic called lidocaine ointment on your vulva 30 minutes before you have sex to make it more comfortable. This medicine can cause your partner to lose feeling for a little while after sexual contact. […] Physical therapy includes various techniques that may ease your pain and improve your quality of life. These include: […] Pelvic floor therapy. Many people with vulvodynia have tension in the muscles of the pelvic floor, which supports the uterus, bladder and bowel. Exercises to stretch and relax those muscles can help ease vulvodynia pain.

• #45 Vulvodynia: Causes, Symptoms, Management & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17878-vulvodynia

  Vulvodynia is pain in your vulva that lasts longer than three months. Treatment may include medicine, physical therapy, surgery and behavioral health support. […] Vulvodynia treatment takes time. Finding the treatment or combination of treatments that bring you pain relief involves trial and error. Treatments that eventually work might not work immediately. […] Treatments may include: Topical medications: You can apply creams and ointments that numb your vulva (anesthetics) or stabilize your nerves. Your provider may also prescribe topical creams that contain estrogen or a mix of estrogen and progesterone. Oral medication: Antidepressants and anticonvulsants that you can take by mouth can reduce nerve pain. A nerve block: Your provider may recommend an injection that prevents pain signals from traveling from your nerves to your brain. Physical therapy: Physical therapy can loosen muscle tension in your pelvic floor (the muscles, ligaments and connective tissue in your pelvis). It may also reduce how often your pelvic floor muscles spasm (contract involuntarily). Muscle spasms are common with vulvodynia. Treatment may involve stretching, lengthening and strengthening weak pelvic floor muscles. Vestibulectomy: This surgery can be helpful for people with localized vulvodynia whose pain hasnt improved with more conservative treatments. During the procedure, your healthcare provider removes tissue in the part of your vulva that feels painful. Counseling: Individual counseling, couples counseling or sex therapy may help you improve those areas of your life negatively impacted by vulvodynia, like sexual relationships.

• #46 Vulvodynia – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vulvodynia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353427

  Vulvodynia treatments focus on relieving symptoms. No one treatment works in every case. For many people, a mix of treatments works best. It can take time to find the right combination. It also can take months to get relief. […] Your health care team may recommend medicines such as: […] Local anesthetics. These stronger medicines can block pain for a short time. For example, you might put a local anesthetic called lidocaine ointment on your vulva 30 minutes before you have sex to make it more comfortable. This medicine can cause your partner to lose feeling for a little while after sexual contact. […] Physical therapy includes various techniques that may ease your pain and improve your quality of life. These include: […] Pelvic floor therapy. Many people with vulvodynia have tension in the muscles of the pelvic floor, which supports the uterus, bladder and bowel. Exercises to stretch and relax those muscles can help ease vulvodynia pain.

• #47 Vulvodynia: Causes, Symptoms, Management & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17878-vulvodynia

  Vulvodynia is pain in your vulva that lasts longer than three months. Treatment may include medicine, physical therapy, surgery and behavioral health support. […] Vulvodynia treatment takes time. Finding the treatment or combination of treatments that bring you pain relief involves trial and error. Treatments that eventually work might not work immediately. […] Treatments may include: Topical medications: You can apply creams and ointments that numb your vulva (anesthetics) or stabilize your nerves. Your provider may also prescribe topical creams that contain estrogen or a mix of estrogen and progesterone. Oral medication: Antidepressants and anticonvulsants that you can take by mouth can reduce nerve pain. A nerve block: Your provider may recommend an injection that prevents pain signals from traveling from your nerves to your brain. Physical therapy: Physical therapy can loosen muscle tension in your pelvic floor (the muscles, ligaments and connective tissue in your pelvis). It may also reduce how often your pelvic floor muscles spasm (contract involuntarily). Muscle spasms are common with vulvodynia. Treatment may involve stretching, lengthening and strengthening weak pelvic floor muscles. Vestibulectomy: This surgery can be helpful for people with localized vulvodynia whose pain hasnt improved with more conservative treatments. During the procedure, your healthcare provider removes tissue in the part of your vulva that feels painful. Counseling: Individual counseling, couples counseling or sex therapy may help you improve those areas of your life negatively impacted by vulvodynia, like sexual relationships.

• #48 Vulvodynia | Healthify

  https://healthify.nz/health-a-z/v/vulvodynia

  Vaginal lubricants may soothe the area and help moisturise the vulva. […] Pelvic floor exercises (such as squeezing and releasing your pelvic floor muscles) to help relax the muscles around your vagina may be helpful. […] Some women have found the following medicines to be helpful in relieving the symptoms of vulvodynia: Applying a local anaesthetic cream such as lignocaine 2% to your vulva about 10 minutes before sex may make it more comfortable. […] Hormone creams such as oestrogen vaginal cream, applied to the vulva, may be helpful in relieving vaginal dryness for some people. […] It may be helpful to see a counsellor or a sex therapist to support you through this journey.

• #49 Reddit – The heart of the internet

  https://www.reddit.com/r/vulvodynia/comments/11w1k3k/10_essential_steps_for_those_new_to_vulvar_and/

  If you think your pain may be caused by your hormone level, it is recommended that you discontinue hormonal means of contraception. At the same time, a testosterone + estradiol cream or estrogen is often prescribed. It’s effective for many people: The Treatment of Vestibulodynia with Topical Estradiol and Testosterone. […] Vulvar pain and pelvic floor pain are often related. If the pelvic floor muscles are too contracted (hypertonic pelvic floor, vaginismus, …) they can cause pain throughout the vulvar area. […] Pelvic pain can also come from a damage or irritation of the pudendal nerve, a main nerve in the pelvis. This is referred to as pudendal neuralgia. […] If applying lidocaine on your vulva you still perceive pain, it is possible that the cause of pain is not superficial but deeper – pudendal neuralgia.

• #50 Vulvodynia: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007699.htm

  Vulvodynia is a pain disorder of the vulva. This is the outside area of a woman’s genitals. Vulvodynia causes severe pain, burning, and stinging of the vulva. […] The goal of the treatment is to reduce pain and relieve symptoms. No one treatment works for all women. You also may need more than one type of treatment to manage your symptoms. […] You may be prescribed medicines to help relieve pain, including: Anticonvulsants, Antidepressants, Opioids, Topical creams or ointments, such as lidocaine ointment or estrogen or testosterone cream. […] Other treatments and methods that may help include: Physical therapy to strengthen the pelvic floor muscles. Biofeedback, which helps relieve pain by teaching you to relax your pelvic floor muscles. Injections of nerve blocks to decrease nerve pain. Cognitive behavioral therapy to help you deal with your feelings and emotions.

• #51 Vulvodynia: Causes, Symptoms, Management & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17878-vulvodynia

  Vulvodynia is pain in your vulva that lasts longer than three months. Treatment may include medicine, physical therapy, surgery and behavioral health support. […] Vulvodynia treatment takes time. Finding the treatment or combination of treatments that bring you pain relief involves trial and error. Treatments that eventually work might not work immediately. […] Treatments may include: Topical medications: You can apply creams and ointments that numb your vulva (anesthetics) or stabilize your nerves. Your provider may also prescribe topical creams that contain estrogen or a mix of estrogen and progesterone. Oral medication: Antidepressants and anticonvulsants that you can take by mouth can reduce nerve pain. A nerve block: Your provider may recommend an injection that prevents pain signals from traveling from your nerves to your brain. Physical therapy: Physical therapy can loosen muscle tension in your pelvic floor (the muscles, ligaments and connective tissue in your pelvis). It may also reduce how often your pelvic floor muscles spasm (contract involuntarily). Muscle spasms are common with vulvodynia. Treatment may involve stretching, lengthening and strengthening weak pelvic floor muscles. Vestibulectomy: This surgery can be helpful for people with localized vulvodynia whose pain hasnt improved with more conservative treatments. During the procedure, your healthcare provider removes tissue in the part of your vulva that feels painful. Counseling: Individual counseling, couples counseling or sex therapy may help you improve those areas of your life negatively impacted by vulvodynia, like sexual relationships.

• #52 Localised provoked vestibulodynia (vulvodynia): assessment and management

  https://www.racgp.org.au/afp/2015/july/localised-provoked-vestibulodynia-vulvodynia-asses

  There are published guidelines for the management of vulvodynia. […] A positive relationship between patient and clinician cannot be overestimated. […] It is important to emphasise that pain does not signify damage. […] Physiotherapy addresses pelvic muscle dysfunction. […] Psychological and behavioural interventions encourage women to look at self-management strategies to reduce anxiety. […] Simple measures to manage mild, provoked pain include application of lignocaine 2% gel or 5% ointment to the vestibule 10-20 minutes before sex. […] Low-dose tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are first-line treatment in chronic pain and help with sleep difficulties. […] The place of surgery as a treatment is uncertain and controversial.

• #53 Vulvodynia: Causes, Symptoms, Management & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17878-vulvodynia

  Vulvodynia is pain in your vulva that lasts longer than three months. Treatment may include medicine, physical therapy, surgery and behavioral health support. […] Vulvodynia treatment takes time. Finding the treatment or combination of treatments that bring you pain relief involves trial and error. Treatments that eventually work might not work immediately. […] Treatments may include: Topical medications: You can apply creams and ointments that numb your vulva (anesthetics) or stabilize your nerves. Your provider may also prescribe topical creams that contain estrogen or a mix of estrogen and progesterone. Oral medication: Antidepressants and anticonvulsants that you can take by mouth can reduce nerve pain. A nerve block: Your provider may recommend an injection that prevents pain signals from traveling from your nerves to your brain. Physical therapy: Physical therapy can loosen muscle tension in your pelvic floor (the muscles, ligaments and connective tissue in your pelvis). It may also reduce how often your pelvic floor muscles spasm (contract involuntarily). Muscle spasms are common with vulvodynia. Treatment may involve stretching, lengthening and strengthening weak pelvic floor muscles. Vestibulectomy: This surgery can be helpful for people with localized vulvodynia whose pain hasnt improved with more conservative treatments. During the procedure, your healthcare provider removes tissue in the part of your vulva that feels painful. Counseling: Individual counseling, couples counseling or sex therapy may help you improve those areas of your life negatively impacted by vulvodynia, like sexual relationships.

• #54 Vulvodynia: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007699.htm

  Vulvodynia is a pain disorder of the vulva. This is the outside area of a woman’s genitals. Vulvodynia causes severe pain, burning, and stinging of the vulva. […] The goal of the treatment is to reduce pain and relieve symptoms. No one treatment works for all women. You also may need more than one type of treatment to manage your symptoms. […] You may be prescribed medicines to help relieve pain, including: Anticonvulsants, Antidepressants, Opioids, Topical creams or ointments, such as lidocaine ointment or estrogen or testosterone cream. […] Other treatments and methods that may help include: Physical therapy to strengthen the pelvic floor muscles. Biofeedback, which helps relieve pain by teaching you to relax your pelvic floor muscles. Injections of nerve blocks to decrease nerve pain. Cognitive behavioral therapy to help you deal with your feelings and emotions.

• #55 Vulvodynia: Causes, Symptoms, Management & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17878-vulvodynia

  Vulvodynia is pain in your vulva that lasts longer than three months. Treatment may include medicine, physical therapy, surgery and behavioral health support. […] Vulvodynia treatment takes time. Finding the treatment or combination of treatments that bring you pain relief involves trial and error. Treatments that eventually work might not work immediately. […] Treatments may include: Topical medications: You can apply creams and ointments that numb your vulva (anesthetics) or stabilize your nerves. Your provider may also prescribe topical creams that contain estrogen or a mix of estrogen and progesterone. Oral medication: Antidepressants and anticonvulsants that you can take by mouth can reduce nerve pain. A nerve block: Your provider may recommend an injection that prevents pain signals from traveling from your nerves to your brain. Physical therapy: Physical therapy can loosen muscle tension in your pelvic floor (the muscles, ligaments and connective tissue in your pelvis). It may also reduce how often your pelvic floor muscles spasm (contract involuntarily). Muscle spasms are common with vulvodynia. Treatment may involve stretching, lengthening and strengthening weak pelvic floor muscles. Vestibulectomy: This surgery can be helpful for people with localized vulvodynia whose pain hasnt improved with more conservative treatments. During the procedure, your healthcare provider removes tissue in the part of your vulva that feels painful. Counseling: Individual counseling, couples counseling or sex therapy may help you improve those areas of your life negatively impacted by vulvodynia, like sexual relationships.

• #56 Vulvodynia | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/vulvodynia

  Vulvodynia is pain that lasts for 3 months or longer and is not caused by an infection, skin disorder, or other medical condition. […] Vulvodynia most commonly is described as burning, stinging, irritation, and rawness. […] If you have vulvodynia, gentle care of the vulva is best. Avoid products and other items that may be irritating. […] Many kinds of treatment are available. No one method works all the time for everyone. […] Keeping a pain diary can help you track your symptoms and how they respond to different therapies. […] Physical therapy is another option for treating vulvodynia. […] A nerve block is a type of anesthesia in which an anesthetic drug is injected into the nerves that carry pain signals from the vulva to the spinal cord. […] Cognitive behavioral therapy may be suggested if you have vulvodynia. […] A vestibulectomy is the removal of the painful tissue from the part of the vulva called the vestibule.

• #57

  https://111.wales.nhs.uk/Vulvodynia(persistentvulvalpain)/

  A combination of treatments can often help relieve the symptoms of vulvodynia and reduce its impact on your life. […] Speak to a pharmacist about these treatments. […] Conventional painkillers like paracetamol will not usually relieve the pain of vulvodynia. […] Your doctor will probably start you on a low dose and gradually increase it until your pain subsides. […] A physiotherapist can teach you some pelvic floor exercises to help relax the muscles around your vagina. […] Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is a type of therapy that aims to help you manage your problems by changing how you think and act. […] Surgery to remove part of the vulva is done in very rare cases. […] Vulvodynia may be caused by a problem with the nerves supplying the vulva. […] Pain in the vulva is not always vulvodynia. […] Your doctor may want to rule out these conditions before treating you for vulvodynia. […] Living with a long-term painful condition like vulvodynia can be frustrating and stressful.

• #58

  https://111.wales.nhs.uk/Vulvodynia(persistentvulvalpain)/

  A combination of treatments can often help relieve the symptoms of vulvodynia and reduce its impact on your life. […] Speak to a pharmacist about these treatments. […] Conventional painkillers like paracetamol will not usually relieve the pain of vulvodynia. […] Your doctor will probably start you on a low dose and gradually increase it until your pain subsides. […] A physiotherapist can teach you some pelvic floor exercises to help relax the muscles around your vagina. […] Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is a type of therapy that aims to help you manage your problems by changing how you think and act. […] Surgery to remove part of the vulva is done in very rare cases. […] Vulvodynia may be caused by a problem with the nerves supplying the vulva. […] Pain in the vulva is not always vulvodynia. […] Your doctor may want to rule out these conditions before treating you for vulvodynia. […] Living with a long-term painful condition like vulvodynia can be frustrating and stressful.

• #59 Vulvodynia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430792/

  Different clinicians may be involved in the care of the patient. An appropriate interprofessional healthcare team may include a gynecologist with a special interest in vulvovaginal health, often involved in societies such as the International Society for the Study of Women’s Sexual Health (ISSWSH) and the ISSVD, as well as a dermatologist, neurologist, pain management specialist, urologist, and a physical therapist specializing in women’s health. […] Women’s health physical therapy has become an effective component of vulvodynia treatment. Most patients should be referred for evaluation and management of pelvic floor muscle weakness and spasms. […] Education and awareness are essential for improving awareness, early diagnosis, and effective management of vulvodynia. […] Additionally, interdisciplinary collaboration among healthcare providers, including physical therapy and psychological support, enhances treatment outcomes.

• #60 Vulvodynia Treatments – The National Vulvodynia Association

  https://www.nva.org/learnpatient/medical-management/

  Eliminating irritants is typically the first step in treatment. […] Medications that are effective in alleviating other chronic pain conditions are often used in the treatment of vulvodynia. […] Some women with vulvodynia also have pelvic floor muscle weakness or spasm. […] In addition to evaluating pelvic floor muscles, a physical therapist should assess joints, muscles and nerves in the lower half of the body to determine if they play a role in vulvar pain. […] Treatments include exercise, education, and manual therapies, such as massage, soft-tissue work and joint mobilization. […] Many women experience short-term relief with this procedure and some experience long-term relief. […] Since living with chronic vulvar pain usually affects a womans sexual relationship and can lead to anxiety and/or depression, some women find it helps to see a psychologist or a couples/sex therapist.

• #61 Vulvodynia Treatments – The National Vulvodynia Association

  https://www.nva.org/learnpatient/medical-management/

  Eliminating irritants is typically the first step in treatment. […] Medications that are effective in alleviating other chronic pain conditions are often used in the treatment of vulvodynia. […] Some women with vulvodynia also have pelvic floor muscle weakness or spasm. […] In addition to evaluating pelvic floor muscles, a physical therapist should assess joints, muscles and nerves in the lower half of the body to determine if they play a role in vulvar pain. […] Treatments include exercise, education, and manual therapies, such as massage, soft-tissue work and joint mobilization. […] Many women experience short-term relief with this procedure and some experience long-term relief. […] Since living with chronic vulvar pain usually affects a womans sexual relationship and can lead to anxiety and/or depression, some women find it helps to see a psychologist or a couples/sex therapist.

• #62 Vulvodynia: Causes, Symptoms, Management & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17878-vulvodynia

  Vulvodynia is pain in your vulva that lasts longer than three months. Treatment may include medicine, physical therapy, surgery and behavioral health support. […] Vulvodynia treatment takes time. Finding the treatment or combination of treatments that bring you pain relief involves trial and error. Treatments that eventually work might not work immediately. […] Treatments may include: Topical medications: You can apply creams and ointments that numb your vulva (anesthetics) or stabilize your nerves. Your provider may also prescribe topical creams that contain estrogen or a mix of estrogen and progesterone. Oral medication: Antidepressants and anticonvulsants that you can take by mouth can reduce nerve pain. A nerve block: Your provider may recommend an injection that prevents pain signals from traveling from your nerves to your brain. Physical therapy: Physical therapy can loosen muscle tension in your pelvic floor (the muscles, ligaments and connective tissue in your pelvis). It may also reduce how often your pelvic floor muscles spasm (contract involuntarily). Muscle spasms are common with vulvodynia. Treatment may involve stretching, lengthening and strengthening weak pelvic floor muscles. Vestibulectomy: This surgery can be helpful for people with localized vulvodynia whose pain hasnt improved with more conservative treatments. During the procedure, your healthcare provider removes tissue in the part of your vulva that feels painful. Counseling: Individual counseling, couples counseling or sex therapy may help you improve those areas of your life negatively impacted by vulvodynia, like sexual relationships.

• #63 Vulvodynia – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vulvodynia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353427

  Vulvodynia treatments focus on relieving symptoms. No one treatment works in every case. For many people, a mix of treatments works best. It can take time to find the right combination. It also can take months to get relief. […] Your health care team may recommend medicines such as: […] Local anesthetics. These stronger medicines can block pain for a short time. For example, you might put a local anesthetic called lidocaine ointment on your vulva 30 minutes before you have sex to make it more comfortable. This medicine can cause your partner to lose feeling for a little while after sexual contact. […] Physical therapy includes various techniques that may ease your pain and improve your quality of life. These include: […] Pelvic floor therapy. Many people with vulvodynia have tension in the muscles of the pelvic floor, which supports the uterus, bladder and bowel. Exercises to stretch and relax those muscles can help ease vulvodynia pain.

• #64 Vulvodynia: Causes, Symptoms, Management & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17878-vulvodynia

  Vulvodynia is pain in your vulva that lasts longer than three months. Treatment may include medicine, physical therapy, surgery and behavioral health support. […] Vulvodynia treatment takes time. Finding the treatment or combination of treatments that bring you pain relief involves trial and error. Treatments that eventually work might not work immediately. […] Treatments may include: Topical medications: You can apply creams and ointments that numb your vulva (anesthetics) or stabilize your nerves. Your provider may also prescribe topical creams that contain estrogen or a mix of estrogen and progesterone. Oral medication: Antidepressants and anticonvulsants that you can take by mouth can reduce nerve pain. A nerve block: Your provider may recommend an injection that prevents pain signals from traveling from your nerves to your brain. Physical therapy: Physical therapy can loosen muscle tension in your pelvic floor (the muscles, ligaments and connective tissue in your pelvis). It may also reduce how often your pelvic floor muscles spasm (contract involuntarily). Muscle spasms are common with vulvodynia. Treatment may involve stretching, lengthening and strengthening weak pelvic floor muscles. Vestibulectomy: This surgery can be helpful for people with localized vulvodynia whose pain hasnt improved with more conservative treatments. During the procedure, your healthcare provider removes tissue in the part of your vulva that feels painful. Counseling: Individual counseling, couples counseling or sex therapy may help you improve those areas of your life negatively impacted by vulvodynia, like sexual relationships.

• #65 Vulvodynia Treatments – The National Vulvodynia Association

  https://www.nva.org/learnpatient/medical-management/

  Eliminating irritants is typically the first step in treatment. […] Medications that are effective in alleviating other chronic pain conditions are often used in the treatment of vulvodynia. […] Some women with vulvodynia also have pelvic floor muscle weakness or spasm. […] In addition to evaluating pelvic floor muscles, a physical therapist should assess joints, muscles and nerves in the lower half of the body to determine if they play a role in vulvar pain. […] Treatments include exercise, education, and manual therapies, such as massage, soft-tissue work and joint mobilization. […] Many women experience short-term relief with this procedure and some experience long-term relief. […] Since living with chronic vulvar pain usually affects a womans sexual relationship and can lead to anxiety and/or depression, some women find it helps to see a psychologist or a couples/sex therapist.

• #66 Vulvodynia: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007699.htm

  Vulvodynia is a pain disorder of the vulva. This is the outside area of a woman’s genitals. Vulvodynia causes severe pain, burning, and stinging of the vulva. […] The goal of the treatment is to reduce pain and relieve symptoms. No one treatment works for all women. You also may need more than one type of treatment to manage your symptoms. […] You may be prescribed medicines to help relieve pain, including: Anticonvulsants, Antidepressants, Opioids, Topical creams or ointments, such as lidocaine ointment or estrogen or testosterone cream. […] Other treatments and methods that may help include: Physical therapy to strengthen the pelvic floor muscles. Biofeedback, which helps relieve pain by teaching you to relax your pelvic floor muscles. Injections of nerve blocks to decrease nerve pain. Cognitive behavioral therapy to help you deal with your feelings and emotions.

• #67 Vulvodynia: Diagnosis and Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2006/0401/p1231.html

  Tricyclic antidepressants should be considered for the treatment of vulvodynia. […] Cognitive behavioral therapy should be used to decrease vulvar pain with intercourse. […] Biofeedback and physical therapy should be considered to help patients regain control of the pelvic floor musculature. […] Surgery is one of the oldest therapies for localized vulvar vestibulodynia, but this therapy typically is reserved for women with severe, debilitating symptoms that are localized to the introitus. Several studies have found subjective improvement in pain in 60 to 80 percent of women who underwent surgery. […] Family physicians can diagnose and treat women with vulvodynia, and substantial improvement should be expected. Referral to a subspecialist should be considered for any patient who is unresponsive to treatment. […] The prognosis for women who receive appropriate treatment is quite good. A follow-up study of 104 women seen in two referral clinics at the University of Michigan suggests that most women with vulvodynia experience substantial improvement with medical treatment.

• #68 Vulvodynia (vulval pain)

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vulvodynia/

  Vulvodynia is pain in the vulva (area around the outside of the vagina) that lasts at least 3 months and does not have a specific cause. It can have a big effect on your life, but there are treatments that can help. […] Vulvodynia can have a big impact on your life, affecting things like your sleep, concentration and sexual relationships. […] The main aim of treatment for vulvodynia is to help manage the pain. […] Vulvodynia is often treated by more than one specialist, including: a gynaecologist, a physiotherapist, a psychologist, a pain specialist. […] A number of different treatments may be recommended under the guidance of these specialists. […] Treatments for vulvodynia can include: medicines this may be a cream you rub on your vulva to numb the pain or tablets to treat nerve pain, pelvic floor exercises to help you control your vaginal muscles, gently widening your vagina using tampon-shaped objects (vaginal trainers), psychological therapies, such as cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) or psychosexual therapy (therapy to help with sexual problems), surgery to remove the painful part of your vulva this may occasionally be offered if other treatments have not worked. […] No single treatment works for everyone, and you may need to try several treatments to find out what works best for you. […] There are some things you can do to help reduce vulval pain and ensure good vaginal hygiene. […] The exact cause of vulvodynia is not known.

• #69 Vulvodynia Treatment | #1 Pelvic Pain Surgeon AZ

  https://azccpp.com/condition/vulvodynia-treatment/

  CBT has emerged as a valuable tool in managing vulvodynia, not only alleviating pain but also addressing the emotional distress and relationship challenges associated with this chronic condition. […] Vulvodynia bands are a type of vaginal dilator that is used to treat vulvodynia. They are made of soft, flexible silicone and come in a variety of sizes. […] Regular use of vaginal trainers can help: Improve pelvic floor muscle strength and control, Reduce vulvodynia pain and discomfort, Enhance sexual function, Improve bladder and bowel control. […] Regular use of vestibular dilators can help: Reduce vestibular vulvodynia pain and discomfort, Improve sexual function, Enhance desensitization of the vestibule. […] Vulvodynia self-care strategies are important in alleviating symptoms and improving overall well-being. […] Comprehensive vulvodynia management extends beyond medical interventions. Research emphasizes the importance of vulvodynia self-care strategies in alleviating symptoms and improving overall well-being.

• #70

  https://www.gloshospitals.nhs.uk/your-visit/patient-information-leaflets/vulvodynia/

  Vulvodynia is the medical term used to describe pain in the vulva or female genital area where the skin looks healthy and no cause has been found. This discomfort can be felt during normal touch such as sex, inserting tampons or from clothing. […] There are a variety of treatments and sometimes a combination of options are needed. Please do not worry if the first ones you try are not effective. Nerve conditions take time to respond to treatments and many of the options which have been shown to work need regular input from you. […] When the skin is over-sensitive it needs gentle treatment. Soaps, wipes and tight clothes can rub and irritate the skin. An emollient (moisturiser) can be used as a soap substitute – keeping the area clean, while gentle on the skin. […] There is strong evidence that physiotherapy, as a first-line treatment, can improve vaginismus and vulvodynia by up to 80%. The biggest improvements are seen after an 8 week course of weekly therapist sessions.

• #71 Treatment of Vulvar Pain: A Worthwhile Clinical Challenge

  https://info.primarycare.hms.harvard.edu/perspectives/articles/treatment-vulvar-pain

  Pelvic floor physical therapy includes stretching, dilation, massage, and myofascial trigger point release to facilitate muscle relaxation, improve circulation, and increase mobility. Research demonstrates that nearly 76% of women report improvement in pain with intercourse and gynecological exams, as well as increased sexual satisfaction. […] A vestibulectomy includes either partial or complete excision of the vestibular mucosa, which is an effective treatment for localized provoked vulvodynia. Vestibulectomy is nearly 90% effective in reducing chronic vulvar pain. […] A multidisciplinary model of care is optimal, which typically combines psychotherapy, physical therapy, and medical management. High-quality, biopsychosocial care improves patients sexual health and quality of life, and these benefits may also be experienced by their intimate partners.

• #72

  https://www.gloshospitals.nhs.uk/your-visit/patient-information-leaflets/vulvodynia/

  Vulvodynia is the medical term used to describe pain in the vulva or female genital area where the skin looks healthy and no cause has been found. This discomfort can be felt during normal touch such as sex, inserting tampons or from clothing. […] There are a variety of treatments and sometimes a combination of options are needed. Please do not worry if the first ones you try are not effective. Nerve conditions take time to respond to treatments and many of the options which have been shown to work need regular input from you. […] When the skin is over-sensitive it needs gentle treatment. Soaps, wipes and tight clothes can rub and irritate the skin. An emollient (moisturiser) can be used as a soap substitute – keeping the area clean, while gentle on the skin. […] There is strong evidence that physiotherapy, as a first-line treatment, can improve vaginismus and vulvodynia by up to 80%. The biggest improvements are seen after an 8 week course of weekly therapist sessions.

• #73 Vulvodynia – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vulvodynia/symptoms-causes/syc-20353423

  A healthcare professional needs to find out if your pain has a treatable cause that’s different from vulvodynia, such as: An active infection from yeast or bacteria. […] But it’s key to get a checkup, so a member of your healthcare team can give you an exam and recommend the right treatment for you. […] Without treatment, vulvodynia can affect mental health, relationships and other aspects of your life. […] The condition is linked with anxiety and depression. It’s also tied to less sexual desire, arousal and enjoyment. […] Intimacy issues such as these lead many people with vulvodynia to say they feel shame, lower self-esteem, negative about body image and lacking as a sexual partner. […] The pain and other symptoms of vulvodynia might make it harder to keep up with work. You may feel less social too. And you may have trouble getting quality sleep.

• #74 Vulval Pain – Pelvic Pain Foundation

  https://www.pelvicpain.org.au/vulval-pain/

  Vulval pain syndromes are not a sign of a dangerous health problem. […] Treatment for vulval pain syndromes often involves multiple strategies, and a little bit of time and adjustment to find what suits you best. Because pain often has more than one cause, successful treatment often involves more than one approach. […] Physiotherapy for Vulval Pain is particularly helpful for women with pain triggered by sexual intercourse. An experienced women’s health physiotherapist can teach women how to relax the sore, tight muscles of the pelvis. […] Pain Psychology. Living with a vulval pain syndrome can have a negative impact on self-esteem, mood and anxiety. […] Nerve blocks and Botulinum Toxin Injections. Some women respond well to ultrasound-guided injections of local anaesthetic into entrapped nerves.

• #75 Vulvodynia (vulval pain)

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vulvodynia/

  Vulvodynia is pain in the vulva (area around the outside of the vagina) that lasts at least 3 months and does not have a specific cause. It can have a big effect on your life, but there are treatments that can help. […] Vulvodynia can have a big impact on your life, affecting things like your sleep, concentration and sexual relationships. […] The main aim of treatment for vulvodynia is to help manage the pain. […] Vulvodynia is often treated by more than one specialist, including: a gynaecologist, a physiotherapist, a psychologist, a pain specialist. […] A number of different treatments may be recommended under the guidance of these specialists. […] Treatments for vulvodynia can include: medicines this may be a cream you rub on your vulva to numb the pain or tablets to treat nerve pain, pelvic floor exercises to help you control your vaginal muscles, gently widening your vagina using tampon-shaped objects (vaginal trainers), psychological therapies, such as cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) or psychosexual therapy (therapy to help with sexual problems), surgery to remove the painful part of your vulva this may occasionally be offered if other treatments have not worked. […] No single treatment works for everyone, and you may need to try several treatments to find out what works best for you. […] There are some things you can do to help reduce vulval pain and ensure good vaginal hygiene. […] The exact cause of vulvodynia is not known.

• #76

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=bo1196

  Vulvodynia is pain in the vulva that can’t be explained by another health problem, such as an infection or a skin problem. […] Pain is the main symptom of vulvodynia. […] There are many treatments for vulvodynia, but what works for someone else may not help you. Work with your doctor to find what is best for you. Even though there is no cure, treatment can help you feel better. […] Specific exercises can help you learn how to control and relax your pelvic muscles. […] Cognitive behavioural therapy allows you to express your emotions and concerns and to learn new ways of coping with vulvar pain. […] A support group can help you share your concerns and hear how other people cope with the pain and challenges of living with vulvodynia.

• #77 Vulvodynia: Causes, Symptoms, Management & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17878-vulvodynia

  Vulvodynia is pain in your vulva that lasts longer than three months. Treatment may include medicine, physical therapy, surgery and behavioral health support. […] Vulvodynia treatment takes time. Finding the treatment or combination of treatments that bring you pain relief involves trial and error. Treatments that eventually work might not work immediately. […] Treatments may include: Topical medications: You can apply creams and ointments that numb your vulva (anesthetics) or stabilize your nerves. Your provider may also prescribe topical creams that contain estrogen or a mix of estrogen and progesterone. Oral medication: Antidepressants and anticonvulsants that you can take by mouth can reduce nerve pain. A nerve block: Your provider may recommend an injection that prevents pain signals from traveling from your nerves to your brain. Physical therapy: Physical therapy can loosen muscle tension in your pelvic floor (the muscles, ligaments and connective tissue in your pelvis). It may also reduce how often your pelvic floor muscles spasm (contract involuntarily). Muscle spasms are common with vulvodynia. Treatment may involve stretching, lengthening and strengthening weak pelvic floor muscles. Vestibulectomy: This surgery can be helpful for people with localized vulvodynia whose pain hasnt improved with more conservative treatments. During the procedure, your healthcare provider removes tissue in the part of your vulva that feels painful. Counseling: Individual counseling, couples counseling or sex therapy may help you improve those areas of your life negatively impacted by vulvodynia, like sexual relationships.

• #78 Vulvodynia Treatments – The National Vulvodynia Association

  https://www.nva.org/learnpatient/medical-management/

  Eliminating irritants is typically the first step in treatment. […] Medications that are effective in alleviating other chronic pain conditions are often used in the treatment of vulvodynia. […] Some women with vulvodynia also have pelvic floor muscle weakness or spasm. […] In addition to evaluating pelvic floor muscles, a physical therapist should assess joints, muscles and nerves in the lower half of the body to determine if they play a role in vulvar pain. […] Treatments include exercise, education, and manual therapies, such as massage, soft-tissue work and joint mobilization. […] Many women experience short-term relief with this procedure and some experience long-term relief. […] Since living with chronic vulvar pain usually affects a womans sexual relationship and can lead to anxiety and/or depression, some women find it helps to see a psychologist or a couples/sex therapist.

• #79

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=bo1196

  Vulvodynia is pain in the vulva that can’t be explained by another health problem, such as an infection or a skin problem. […] Pain is the main symptom of vulvodynia. […] There are many treatments for vulvodynia, but what works for someone else may not help you. Work with your doctor to find what is best for you. Even though there is no cure, treatment can help you feel better. […] Specific exercises can help you learn how to control and relax your pelvic muscles. […] Cognitive behavioural therapy allows you to express your emotions and concerns and to learn new ways of coping with vulvar pain. […] A support group can help you share your concerns and hear how other people cope with the pain and challenges of living with vulvodynia.

• #80 Vulvodynia: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007699.htm

  Lifestyle changes may help prevent vulvodynia triggers and relieve symptoms. […] Some women with localized vulvodynia may need surgery to relieve pain. The surgery removes the affected skin and tissues around the vaginal opening. Surgery is done only if all the other treatments fail. […] You can ease the stress of illness by joining a support group. Sharing with others who have common experiences and problems can help you not feel alone. […] Vulvodynia is often a complicated condition. It may take weeks to months to achieve some pain relief. Treatment may not ease all symptoms. A combination of treatments and lifestyle changes may work best to help manage the symptoms of vulvodynia. […] Having this condition can take a physical and emotional toll. It can cause: Depression and anxiety, Problems in personal relations, Sleep problems, Problems with sex. […] Contact your provider if you have symptoms of vulvodynia. Also contact your provider if you have vulvodynia and your symptoms get worse.

• #81 Vulvodynia Treatment | #1 Pelvic Pain Surgeon AZ

  https://azccpp.com/condition/vulvodynia-treatment/

  CBT has emerged as a valuable tool in managing vulvodynia, not only alleviating pain but also addressing the emotional distress and relationship challenges associated with this chronic condition. […] Vulvodynia bands are a type of vaginal dilator that is used to treat vulvodynia. They are made of soft, flexible silicone and come in a variety of sizes. […] Regular use of vaginal trainers can help: Improve pelvic floor muscle strength and control, Reduce vulvodynia pain and discomfort, Enhance sexual function, Improve bladder and bowel control. […] Regular use of vestibular dilators can help: Reduce vestibular vulvodynia pain and discomfort, Improve sexual function, Enhance desensitization of the vestibule. […] Vulvodynia self-care strategies are important in alleviating symptoms and improving overall well-being. […] Comprehensive vulvodynia management extends beyond medical interventions. Research emphasizes the importance of vulvodynia self-care strategies in alleviating symptoms and improving overall well-being.

• #82 Vulvodynia: Persistent vulvar pain – Foundational Concepts

  https://www.foundationalconcepts.com/the-pelvic-chronicles-blog/vulvodynia-persistent-vulvar-pain/

  If you have pain in your vulva and it has persisted longer than 3 months, see your gynecologist. Ask them to rule out infections, dermatological conditions, hormonal concerns. Ask them what they know about vulvo-vaginal pain disorders. […] A pelvic floor PT will help you manage not only the muscles and nerves of the pelvis, but should be discussing with you the nutritional, environmental, emotional, activity and sleep factors that can help you heal. This is a big part of caring for persistent pain conditions. […] Another provider that should be a part of your treatment team, is a mental health provider, who is also familiar with pelvic pain conditions. Many women who struggle with pelvic pain feel ashamed, embarrassed and this lends itself to anxiety and depression. It is important that you are addressing the physical and emotional components of your pain.

• #83 Vulvodynia Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/vulvodynia

  Vulvodynia is a pain disorder of the vulva. This is the outside area of a woman’s genitals. Vulvodynia causes severe pain, burning, and stinging of the vulva. […] The goal of the treatment is to reduce pain and relieve symptoms. No one treatment works for all women. You also may need more than one type of treatment to manage your symptoms. […] Lifestyle changes may help prevent vulvodynia triggers and relieve symptoms. […] Some women with localized vulvodynia may need surgery to relieve pain. The surgery removes the affected skin and tissues around the vaginal opening. Surgery is done only if all the other treatments fail. […] Contact your provider if you have symptoms of vulvodynia. Also contact your provider if you have vulvodynia and your symptoms get worse.

• #84

  https://111.wales.nhs.uk/Vulvodynia(persistentvulvalpain)/

  Vulvodynia is persistent, unexplained pain in the vulva. The vulva is the female genital area including the skin surrounding the opening of the vagina. […] Vulvodynia can become a long-term problem that’s very distressing to live with, but much can be done to help relieve the pain. […] See a GP or visit your local sexual health clinic if you have persistent vulval pain. […] Vulvodynia is unlikely to get better on its own and some of the treatments are only available on prescription. […] Lifestyle changes may help reduce symptoms: wear cotton underwear and loose-fitting skirts or trousers, avoid scented hygiene products, apply cool gel packs to your vulva to soothe the pain, use petroleum jelly before swimming to protect the vulva from chlorine, try not to avoid sex or touching your vulva completely, try to reduce stress, for pain when sitting, using a doughnut-shaped cushion can help.

• #85 Vulvodynia: Causes, Symptoms, Management & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17878-vulvodynia

  Many good practices that keep your vulva and vagina healthy (vulvar care) may also help with vulvar pain. To manage pain, you should: Take baths with Epsom salt or colloidal oatmeal. Use mild, unscented soap (or just water) when washing your vulva. Use a mild, unscented laundry detergent on fabrics that touch your vulva. Wear all-cotton underwear during the day and no underwear at night. Apply cold compresses or gel packs to your vulva (no more than 15 minutes at a time). Use an unscented or unflavored lubricant during sex without cooling or warming effects. Use a foam donut or some other type of cushion that reduces pressure on your vulva if you have to sit for prolonged periods. Get enough sleep each night (between 7 to 9 hours). Incorporate stress reduction and relaxation techniques into your everyday routine.

• #86 Vulvodynia – Foundation for Female Health Awareness

  https://femalehealthawareness.org/en/vulvodynia/

  Vulvar irritation can be caused by: Creams, Soaps, Fragrances, Deodorants, Douches, synthetic lubricants, tampons, pads, vaginal wipes. Avoiding these products can help improve symptoms. […] Vulvodynia is unexplained chronic vulvar pain. This pain affects areas external to the vagina. […] Vulvar pain can affect daily activities. […] Vulvar pain can cause pain with sexual intercourse and affect peoples ability to participate in and enjoy sexual intercourse. […] There are a variety of treatments, including behavioral, medical and surgical treatments, that can help improve vulvodynia symptoms. Your gynecologist can provide more information about each of these treatment options. […] Problems with sexual function can continue even after vulvar pain improves. Sexual counseling and therapy can help address such problems.

• #87 Reddit – The heart of the internet

  https://www.reddit.com/r/vulvodynia/comments/11w1k3k/10_essential_steps_for_those_new_to_vulvar_and/

  1. Self-help tips to decrease pain/inflammation and get some relief while waiting for a doctor-prescribed treatment: Try to remove all common vulvar irritants: (intimate) soap, scented laundry detergent, fabric softener, scented toilet paper, baby wipes, feminine hygiene products (spray, creams, powders, ..), baths oils, bubbles, douches!!!!, spermicides, condoms with lube or spermicide, fragranced menstrual pads, nylon underwear or tights. […] Try ice packs or a heating pad to reduce the pain. Depending on your type of pain, either one should work. […] Try using a protective ointment like Aquaphor, especially if you feel like you have dryness and/or fissures. […] Stretch regularly to relax your pelvic floor (you can find nice videos on Youtube). […] Vulvodynia and vestibulodynia aren’t real diagnosis per se. They only mean „unexplained pain in the vulva” and „unexplained pain in vestibule”, because the medical field hasn’t cared about explaining this pain for super long. Vulvodynia and vestibulodynia only indicate a symptom, not a diagnosis.

• #88 Vulvar Pain | CommonSpirit Health

  https://www.commonspirit.org/conditions-treatments/vulvar-pain

  In rare cases, surgery is done to remove tissue that is very sensitive. […] Always clean your vulva gently. […] Avoid soaps and other products, such as vaginal sprays or douches, that irritate your skin. […] Wear loose-fitting cotton clothes. Avoid nylon and other fabrics that hold moisture close to the skin. This may cause irritation and allow an infection to start. […] Avoid hot baths, and don’t use soaps or bath products to wash your vulva. Rinse with water only, and gently pat the area dry. […] Relieve itching and pain with a cold water compress or a cool bath. Don’t scratch the area. […] Try using a vaginal lubricant, such as Astroglide or K-Y Jelly, to reduce irritation from having sex. […] Stay active. But limit exercises that can irritate the vulva, such as bike riding or horseback riding.

• #89 Vulvodynia: Causes, Symptoms, Management & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17878-vulvodynia

  Many good practices that keep your vulva and vagina healthy (vulvar care) may also help with vulvar pain. To manage pain, you should: Take baths with Epsom salt or colloidal oatmeal. Use mild, unscented soap (or just water) when washing your vulva. Use a mild, unscented laundry detergent on fabrics that touch your vulva. Wear all-cotton underwear during the day and no underwear at night. Apply cold compresses or gel packs to your vulva (no more than 15 minutes at a time). Use an unscented or unflavored lubricant during sex without cooling or warming effects. Use a foam donut or some other type of cushion that reduces pressure on your vulva if you have to sit for prolonged periods. Get enough sleep each night (between 7 to 9 hours). Incorporate stress reduction and relaxation techniques into your everyday routine.

• #90 Vulvodynia: Causes, Symptoms, Management & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17878-vulvodynia

  Many good practices that keep your vulva and vagina healthy (vulvar care) may also help with vulvar pain. To manage pain, you should: Take baths with Epsom salt or colloidal oatmeal. Use mild, unscented soap (or just water) when washing your vulva. Use a mild, unscented laundry detergent on fabrics that touch your vulva. Wear all-cotton underwear during the day and no underwear at night. Apply cold compresses or gel packs to your vulva (no more than 15 minutes at a time). Use an unscented or unflavored lubricant during sex without cooling or warming effects. Use a foam donut or some other type of cushion that reduces pressure on your vulva if you have to sit for prolonged periods. Get enough sleep each night (between 7 to 9 hours). Incorporate stress reduction and relaxation techniques into your everyday routine.

• #91 Vulvodynia – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vulvodynia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353427

  Surgery may be a treatment choice if you have pain in the tissue that surrounds the opening of your vagina, called the vestibule. Most often, surgery is done only if other treatments haven’t helped. […] Simple self-care steps may help you manage vulvodynia symptoms. […] If you’re sexually active: […] Use a water-based lubricant. Put it on before you have sex. Don’t use products that contain alcohol, dyes, perfume, flavor, or warming or cooling ingredients. […] You might find it helpful to talk with other people who have vulvodynia. You can share information, talk about your experiences and feel less alone.

• #92 Vulvodynia: Causes, Symptoms, Management & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17878-vulvodynia

  Many good practices that keep your vulva and vagina healthy (vulvar care) may also help with vulvar pain. To manage pain, you should: Take baths with Epsom salt or colloidal oatmeal. Use mild, unscented soap (or just water) when washing your vulva. Use a mild, unscented laundry detergent on fabrics that touch your vulva. Wear all-cotton underwear during the day and no underwear at night. Apply cold compresses or gel packs to your vulva (no more than 15 minutes at a time). Use an unscented or unflavored lubricant during sex without cooling or warming effects. Use a foam donut or some other type of cushion that reduces pressure on your vulva if you have to sit for prolonged periods. Get enough sleep each night (between 7 to 9 hours). Incorporate stress reduction and relaxation techniques into your everyday routine.

• #93

  https://111.wales.nhs.uk/Vulvodynia(persistentvulvalpain)/

  Vulvodynia is persistent, unexplained pain in the vulva. The vulva is the female genital area including the skin surrounding the opening of the vagina. […] Vulvodynia can become a long-term problem that’s very distressing to live with, but much can be done to help relieve the pain. […] See a GP or visit your local sexual health clinic if you have persistent vulval pain. […] Vulvodynia is unlikely to get better on its own and some of the treatments are only available on prescription. […] Lifestyle changes may help reduce symptoms: wear cotton underwear and loose-fitting skirts or trousers, avoid scented hygiene products, apply cool gel packs to your vulva to soothe the pain, use petroleum jelly before swimming to protect the vulva from chlorine, try not to avoid sex or touching your vulva completely, try to reduce stress, for pain when sitting, using a doughnut-shaped cushion can help.

• #94 Vulvodynia: Causes, Symptoms, Management & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17878-vulvodynia

  Many good practices that keep your vulva and vagina healthy (vulvar care) may also help with vulvar pain. To manage pain, you should: Take baths with Epsom salt or colloidal oatmeal. Use mild, unscented soap (or just water) when washing your vulva. Use a mild, unscented laundry detergent on fabrics that touch your vulva. Wear all-cotton underwear during the day and no underwear at night. Apply cold compresses or gel packs to your vulva (no more than 15 minutes at a time). Use an unscented or unflavored lubricant during sex without cooling or warming effects. Use a foam donut or some other type of cushion that reduces pressure on your vulva if you have to sit for prolonged periods. Get enough sleep each night (between 7 to 9 hours). Incorporate stress reduction and relaxation techniques into your everyday routine.

• #95 Vulvodynia: Causes, Symptoms, Management & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17878-vulvodynia

  Many good practices that keep your vulva and vagina healthy (vulvar care) may also help with vulvar pain. To manage pain, you should: Take baths with Epsom salt or colloidal oatmeal. Use mild, unscented soap (or just water) when washing your vulva. Use a mild, unscented laundry detergent on fabrics that touch your vulva. Wear all-cotton underwear during the day and no underwear at night. Apply cold compresses or gel packs to your vulva (no more than 15 minutes at a time). Use an unscented or unflavored lubricant during sex without cooling or warming effects. Use a foam donut or some other type of cushion that reduces pressure on your vulva if you have to sit for prolonged periods. Get enough sleep each night (between 7 to 9 hours). Incorporate stress reduction and relaxation techniques into your everyday routine.

• #96

  https://www.gloshospitals.nhs.uk/your-visit/patient-information-leaflets/vulvodynia/

  These medications can reduce pain signals from your nerves and are given in tablet form. They are started at a low dose and are slowly increased to reduce the side effects. […] Specialist counselling can help you recognise and discuss these feelings and find ways to maintain a close relationship, leading to improved desire and arousal. […] Smoking reduces how well your skin heals and speeds up harmful changes. […] Stress can make our ability to cope with health conditions more difficult. Changes in your daily life such as exercise (yoga, swimming, running) and addressing sleep habits can help you cope with the physical and emotional effects of vulvodynia. […] This medication blocks the release of pain signals and can be considered if other therapies fail in women with provoked vulvodynia. Up to 70% of women have some benefit and the effects can last up to 3 months.

• #97 Vulvar Pain | CommonSpirit Health

  https://www.commonspirit.org/conditions-treatments/vulvar-pain

  In rare cases, surgery is done to remove tissue that is very sensitive. […] Always clean your vulva gently. […] Avoid soaps and other products, such as vaginal sprays or douches, that irritate your skin. […] Wear loose-fitting cotton clothes. Avoid nylon and other fabrics that hold moisture close to the skin. This may cause irritation and allow an infection to start. […] Avoid hot baths, and don’t use soaps or bath products to wash your vulva. Rinse with water only, and gently pat the area dry. […] Relieve itching and pain with a cold water compress or a cool bath. Don’t scratch the area. […] Try using a vaginal lubricant, such as Astroglide or K-Y Jelly, to reduce irritation from having sex. […] Stay active. But limit exercises that can irritate the vulva, such as bike riding or horseback riding.

• #98 Vulvar Pain (Vulvodynia): Symptoms, Causes and Remedies | Carreras Medical Center

  https://www.toplinemd.com/carreras-medical-center/vulvar-pain-vulvodynia-symptoms-causes-and-remedies/

  If you experience painful vagina throbbing, you can also try implementing the following lifestyle changes: Always wear breathable cotton underwear. Refrain from using tight pantyhose and lingerie. Use gel packs and cold compresses. Avoid all forms of exercise that put pressure on your vulva, like horseback riding. Clean the area carefully with plain water (do not use harsh soaps). Always use a good lubricant during sexual intercourse. Reduce stress and focus on getting enough quality sleep.

• #99

  https://www.gloshospitals.nhs.uk/your-visit/patient-information-leaflets/vulvodynia/

  These medications can reduce pain signals from your nerves and are given in tablet form. They are started at a low dose and are slowly increased to reduce the side effects. […] Specialist counselling can help you recognise and discuss these feelings and find ways to maintain a close relationship, leading to improved desire and arousal. […] Smoking reduces how well your skin heals and speeds up harmful changes. […] Stress can make our ability to cope with health conditions more difficult. Changes in your daily life such as exercise (yoga, swimming, running) and addressing sleep habits can help you cope with the physical and emotional effects of vulvodynia. […] This medication blocks the release of pain signals and can be considered if other therapies fail in women with provoked vulvodynia. Up to 70% of women have some benefit and the effects can last up to 3 months.

• #100

  https://christianacare.org/us/en/care/womens-healthcare/my-body/urogynecology/vulvodynia-and-vulvar-vestibulitis

  Strengthening the pelvic floor muscles. A physical therapist specializing in these conditions can teach you techniques to improve symptoms. Therapy includes techniques to help you relax and re-establish normal posture and body mechanics. A variety of exercises may be necessary, but results are excellent. […] Modifying your diet. Minimizing bladder irritants in your diet can improve symptoms. Common culprits include alcohol, caffeine and artificial sweeteners. Dietary changes can be tailored to your needs but are important in managing these conditions. […] Treating related conditions. Treating other medical problems that are occurring with vulvodynia and vulvar vestibulitis can improve recovery.

• #101 Vulvodynia Treatments – The National Vulvodynia Association

  https://www.nva.org/learnpatient/medical-management/

  Vulvodynia is not simply a gynecological disorder and experts typically recommend a multidisciplinary approach. […] It is a chronic pain condition of the vulva, and if you dont experience adequate relief with treatment prescribed by your gynecologist, treatment by a womens health physical therapist and/or a pain management specialist can be very helpful. […] A recent review of the research recommended both physical therapy and cognitive behavior therapy for women suffering from vulvodynia. […] At this time, there is no single treatment that helps every woman with vulvodynia. […] Finding the best treatment, or combination of treatments for you is a trial and error process. […] Health care professionals recommend eliminating over-the-counter feminine products such as perfumed bubble baths, soaps, sprays and douches that can irritate vulvar tissue.

• #102 Vulvodynia: Causes, Symptoms, Management & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17878-vulvodynia

  Vulvodynia is pain in your vulva that lasts longer than three months. Treatment may include medicine, physical therapy, surgery and behavioral health support. […] Vulvodynia treatment takes time. Finding the treatment or combination of treatments that bring you pain relief involves trial and error. Treatments that eventually work might not work immediately. […] Treatments may include: Topical medications: You can apply creams and ointments that numb your vulva (anesthetics) or stabilize your nerves. Your provider may also prescribe topical creams that contain estrogen or a mix of estrogen and progesterone. Oral medication: Antidepressants and anticonvulsants that you can take by mouth can reduce nerve pain. A nerve block: Your provider may recommend an injection that prevents pain signals from traveling from your nerves to your brain. Physical therapy: Physical therapy can loosen muscle tension in your pelvic floor (the muscles, ligaments and connective tissue in your pelvis). It may also reduce how often your pelvic floor muscles spasm (contract involuntarily). Muscle spasms are common with vulvodynia. Treatment may involve stretching, lengthening and strengthening weak pelvic floor muscles. Vestibulectomy: This surgery can be helpful for people with localized vulvodynia whose pain hasnt improved with more conservative treatments. During the procedure, your healthcare provider removes tissue in the part of your vulva that feels painful. Counseling: Individual counseling, couples counseling or sex therapy may help you improve those areas of your life negatively impacted by vulvodynia, like sexual relationships.

• #103 Vulvodynia (vulval pain)

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vulvodynia/

  Vulvodynia is pain in the vulva (area around the outside of the vagina) that lasts at least 3 months and does not have a specific cause. It can have a big effect on your life, but there are treatments that can help. […] Vulvodynia can have a big impact on your life, affecting things like your sleep, concentration and sexual relationships. […] The main aim of treatment for vulvodynia is to help manage the pain. […] Vulvodynia is often treated by more than one specialist, including: a gynaecologist, a physiotherapist, a psychologist, a pain specialist. […] A number of different treatments may be recommended under the guidance of these specialists. […] Treatments for vulvodynia can include: medicines this may be a cream you rub on your vulva to numb the pain or tablets to treat nerve pain, pelvic floor exercises to help you control your vaginal muscles, gently widening your vagina using tampon-shaped objects (vaginal trainers), psychological therapies, such as cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) or psychosexual therapy (therapy to help with sexual problems), surgery to remove the painful part of your vulva this may occasionally be offered if other treatments have not worked. […] No single treatment works for everyone, and you may need to try several treatments to find out what works best for you. […] There are some things you can do to help reduce vulval pain and ensure good vaginal hygiene. […] The exact cause of vulvodynia is not known.

• #104 Vulvodynia | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/vulvodynia

  Vulvodynia is pain that lasts for 3 months or longer and is not caused by an infection, skin disorder, or other medical condition. […] Vulvodynia most commonly is described as burning, stinging, irritation, and rawness. […] If you have vulvodynia, gentle care of the vulva is best. Avoid products and other items that may be irritating. […] Many kinds of treatment are available. No one method works all the time for everyone. […] Keeping a pain diary can help you track your symptoms and how they respond to different therapies. […] Physical therapy is another option for treating vulvodynia. […] A nerve block is a type of anesthesia in which an anesthetic drug is injected into the nerves that carry pain signals from the vulva to the spinal cord. […] Cognitive behavioral therapy may be suggested if you have vulvodynia. […] A vestibulectomy is the removal of the painful tissue from the part of the vulva called the vestibule.

• #105 Persistent Vulvar Pain | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/committee-opinion/articles/2016/09/persistent-vulvar-pain

  An emerging treatment for vulvodynia is transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. […] When other nonsurgical management options have been tried and failed, and the pain is localized to the vestibule, vestibulectomy may be an effective treatment. […] Although optimal treatment remains unclear, consider an individualized, multidisciplinary approach to address all physical and emotional aspects possibly attributable to vulvodynia. […] It is important to begin any treatment approach with a detailed discussion, including an explanation of the diagnosis and determination of realistic treatment goals.

• #106 Vulvodynia: Diagnosis and Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2006/0401/p1231.html

  Tricyclic antidepressants should be considered for the treatment of vulvodynia. […] Cognitive behavioral therapy should be used to decrease vulvar pain with intercourse. […] Biofeedback and physical therapy should be considered to help patients regain control of the pelvic floor musculature. […] Surgery is one of the oldest therapies for localized vulvar vestibulodynia, but this therapy typically is reserved for women with severe, debilitating symptoms that are localized to the introitus. Several studies have found subjective improvement in pain in 60 to 80 percent of women who underwent surgery. […] Family physicians can diagnose and treat women with vulvodynia, and substantial improvement should be expected. Referral to a subspecialist should be considered for any patient who is unresponsive to treatment. […] The prognosis for women who receive appropriate treatment is quite good. A follow-up study of 104 women seen in two referral clinics at the University of Michigan suggests that most women with vulvodynia experience substantial improvement with medical treatment.

• #107 Vulvodynia: Diagnosis and Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2006/0401/p1231.html

  Tricyclic antidepressants should be considered for the treatment of vulvodynia. […] Cognitive behavioral therapy should be used to decrease vulvar pain with intercourse. […] Biofeedback and physical therapy should be considered to help patients regain control of the pelvic floor musculature. […] Surgery is one of the oldest therapies for localized vulvar vestibulodynia, but this therapy typically is reserved for women with severe, debilitating symptoms that are localized to the introitus. Several studies have found subjective improvement in pain in 60 to 80 percent of women who underwent surgery. […] Family physicians can diagnose and treat women with vulvodynia, and substantial improvement should be expected. Referral to a subspecialist should be considered for any patient who is unresponsive to treatment. […] The prognosis for women who receive appropriate treatment is quite good. A follow-up study of 104 women seen in two referral clinics at the University of Michigan suggests that most women with vulvodynia experience substantial improvement with medical treatment.

• #108 Vulvodynia | University of Utah Health

  https://healthcare.utah.edu/womens-health/gynecology/vulvodynia

  Vulvodynia is unexplained pain in your vulva, the external female genital area. […] Treatment for vulvodynia is available and can significantly improve your quality of life and emotional health. […] Pain in your vulva is the primary symptom of vulvodynia. […] Treatment is a trial-and-error process. You may need to try several treatments or a combination, including: oral or topical medications to stop nerve pain, physical therapy to relax the tissues and muscles in your pelvic floor, or surgery to remove tissue where you feel pain. […] If medicines and physical therapy dont work, you may find pain relief from vestibulectomy surgery. […] Surgery for vulvodynia is highly effective. Studies show that vestibulectomy surgery provides significant relief for 78.5 % of women and 89% have pain-free sex after the procedure. […] The experts at U of U Health specialize in treating women with vulvar pain using medical therapy and surgery.

• #109 Vulvodynia | University of Utah Health

  https://healthcare.utah.edu/womens-health/gynecology/vulvodynia

  Vulvodynia is unexplained pain in your vulva, the external female genital area. […] Treatment for vulvodynia is available and can significantly improve your quality of life and emotional health. […] Pain in your vulva is the primary symptom of vulvodynia. […] Treatment is a trial-and-error process. You may need to try several treatments or a combination, including: oral or topical medications to stop nerve pain, physical therapy to relax the tissues and muscles in your pelvic floor, or surgery to remove tissue where you feel pain. […] If medicines and physical therapy dont work, you may find pain relief from vestibulectomy surgery. […] Surgery for vulvodynia is highly effective. Studies show that vestibulectomy surgery provides significant relief for 78.5 % of women and 89% have pain-free sex after the procedure. […] The experts at U of U Health specialize in treating women with vulvar pain using medical therapy and surgery.

• #110 Vulvar Health | Center for Women’s Health | OHSU

  https://www.ohsu.edu/womens-health/vulvar-health

  Symptoms: Long-lasting burning, stinging or rawness of the vulva. […] Lidocaine: This numbing liquid lessens nerve pain when applied to the vulva just before sex. […] Physical therapy: This helps with the muscle pain and clenching that often comes with vulvar skin pain. […] Professional counseling: Sex therapists at the Center for Womens Health can help you with the sadness and guilt that may come with sexual pain disorders. […] Surgery: We have developed a procedure for vestibulodynia that removes surface tenderness. About 85% of patients who have the surgery have significantly less pain.

• #111 Vulvodynia: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007699.htm

  Lifestyle changes may help prevent vulvodynia triggers and relieve symptoms. […] Some women with localized vulvodynia may need surgery to relieve pain. The surgery removes the affected skin and tissues around the vaginal opening. Surgery is done only if all the other treatments fail. […] You can ease the stress of illness by joining a support group. Sharing with others who have common experiences and problems can help you not feel alone. […] Vulvodynia is often a complicated condition. It may take weeks to months to achieve some pain relief. Treatment may not ease all symptoms. A combination of treatments and lifestyle changes may work best to help manage the symptoms of vulvodynia. […] Having this condition can take a physical and emotional toll. It can cause: Depression and anxiety, Problems in personal relations, Sleep problems, Problems with sex. […] Contact your provider if you have symptoms of vulvodynia. Also contact your provider if you have vulvodynia and your symptoms get worse.

• #112 Vulvodynia | Baylor Medicine

  https://www.bcm.edu/healthcare/specialties/obstetrics-and-gynecology/ob-gyn-conditions/vulvodynia

  Vulvodynia is chronic pain or discomfort of the vulva, the outside area of the female genitals often in the absence of any recognizable cause. […] Treatment for vulvodynia is aimed at relieving the pain and other symptoms. It may take time, sometimes weeks to months, both to find the treatment that works best for each woman, and for a particular treatment to begin providing relief. […] The key is to be patient, work closely with your physician, and pay close attention to triggers that may worsen your symptoms. Treatment strategies include: […] Therapy or sexual counseling. To help cope with the stress of living with chronic vulva pain and the impact it has on a woman’s daily activities and relationships. […] In cases of severe pain that can be specifically pinpointed (localized vulvodynia), surgery to remove the affected skin and tissue, a procedure known as a vestibulectomy, relieves pain in some women.

• #113 Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development – NICHD

  http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/factsheets/vulvodynia

  Surgery may be an option for women with severe pain from vulvar vestibulitis who have not found relief through other treatment options. […] A vestibulectomy removes the painful tissue of the vestibule and may help relieve pain and improve sexual comfort. However, surgery is usually considered a last resort and is not recommended for women with generalized vulvodynia. […] Vulvodynia is a common problem among women, and the pain associated with this disorder can cause not only great physical anguish but also emotional distress. […] The NICHD conducts and supports research in a variety of areas related to vulvodynia, from basic science to clinical research.

• #114 Vulvodynia – WomenCare of Baldwin Park

  https://www.wcbaldwinpark.com/services/gyn-problems/vulvodynia/

  Gentle care of the vulva can help provide relief from the pain of vulvodynia: […] Your symptoms may be treated with medications, including: […] Other things may help you cope with the pain. One of them is to make changes in your diet. […] For women with severe localized pain who have not found relief through other treatments, surgery may be an option. A vestibulectomy, involving removal of the painful tissue of the vestibule, has been helpful for some women with localized vulvodynia. For these women, vestibulectomy can help relieve pain and improve sexual comfort. It is not recommended for women with generalized vulvodynia. […] Dealing with the chronic pain of vulvodynia can be hard. Finding the cause of the pain can be frustrating. Although there may be no cure for your condition, you may find some relief with treatment. Your doctor will work with you over time to find a method of treatment that works best for you.

• #115

  https://www.gloshospitals.nhs.uk/your-visit/patient-information-leaflets/vulvodynia/

  These medications can reduce pain signals from your nerves and are given in tablet form. They are started at a low dose and are slowly increased to reduce the side effects. […] Specialist counselling can help you recognise and discuss these feelings and find ways to maintain a close relationship, leading to improved desire and arousal. […] Smoking reduces how well your skin heals and speeds up harmful changes. […] Stress can make our ability to cope with health conditions more difficult. Changes in your daily life such as exercise (yoga, swimming, running) and addressing sleep habits can help you cope with the physical and emotional effects of vulvodynia. […] This medication blocks the release of pain signals and can be considered if other therapies fail in women with provoked vulvodynia. Up to 70% of women have some benefit and the effects can last up to 3 months.

• #116

  https://www.gloshospitals.nhs.uk/your-visit/patient-information-leaflets/vulvodynia/

  These medications can reduce pain signals from your nerves and are given in tablet form. They are started at a low dose and are slowly increased to reduce the side effects. […] Specialist counselling can help you recognise and discuss these feelings and find ways to maintain a close relationship, leading to improved desire and arousal. […] Smoking reduces how well your skin heals and speeds up harmful changes. […] Stress can make our ability to cope with health conditions more difficult. Changes in your daily life such as exercise (yoga, swimming, running) and addressing sleep habits can help you cope with the physical and emotional effects of vulvodynia. […] This medication blocks the release of pain signals and can be considered if other therapies fail in women with provoked vulvodynia. Up to 70% of women have some benefit and the effects can last up to 3 months.

• #117

  https://www.gloshospitals.nhs.uk/your-visit/patient-information-leaflets/vulvodynia/

  These medications can reduce pain signals from your nerves and are given in tablet form. They are started at a low dose and are slowly increased to reduce the side effects. […] Specialist counselling can help you recognise and discuss these feelings and find ways to maintain a close relationship, leading to improved desire and arousal. […] Smoking reduces how well your skin heals and speeds up harmful changes. […] Stress can make our ability to cope with health conditions more difficult. Changes in your daily life such as exercise (yoga, swimming, running) and addressing sleep habits can help you cope with the physical and emotional effects of vulvodynia. […] This medication blocks the release of pain signals and can be considered if other therapies fail in women with provoked vulvodynia. Up to 70% of women have some benefit and the effects can last up to 3 months.

• #118 Persistent Vulvar Pain | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/committee-opinion/articles/2016/09/persistent-vulvar-pain

  An emerging treatment for vulvodynia is transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. […] When other nonsurgical management options have been tried and failed, and the pain is localized to the vestibule, vestibulectomy may be an effective treatment. […] Although optimal treatment remains unclear, consider an individualized, multidisciplinary approach to address all physical and emotional aspects possibly attributable to vulvodynia. […] It is important to begin any treatment approach with a detailed discussion, including an explanation of the diagnosis and determination of realistic treatment goals.

• #119 Vulvodynia Treatments – The National Vulvodynia Association

  https://www.nva.org/learnpatient/medical-management/

  Women with vulvodynia, as with all forms of chronic pain, may benefit from using alternative therapies in conjunction with traditional medical treatments. […] The treatments described above are, by far, the most common ones, but your provider may recommend another approach for your specific case. […] It is important to keep in mind that research on vulvodynia is ongoing, with current studies investigating both its causes and the efficacy of different treatments.

• #120 Vulvodynia: Diagnosis and Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2006/0401/p1231.html

  Tricyclic antidepressants should be considered for the treatment of vulvodynia. […] Cognitive behavioral therapy should be used to decrease vulvar pain with intercourse. […] Biofeedback and physical therapy should be considered to help patients regain control of the pelvic floor musculature. […] Surgery is one of the oldest therapies for localized vulvar vestibulodynia, but this therapy typically is reserved for women with severe, debilitating symptoms that are localized to the introitus. Several studies have found subjective improvement in pain in 60 to 80 percent of women who underwent surgery. […] Family physicians can diagnose and treat women with vulvodynia, and substantial improvement should be expected. Referral to a subspecialist should be considered for any patient who is unresponsive to treatment. […] The prognosis for women who receive appropriate treatment is quite good. A follow-up study of 104 women seen in two referral clinics at the University of Michigan suggests that most women with vulvodynia experience substantial improvement with medical treatment.

• #121 Vulval pain | Jean Hailes

  https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/vulva-vagina/vulval-pain

  Vulvodynia is the medical term for chronic pain or discomfort in the vulva that lasts for at least three months. Any pressure applied to your vulva, such as having sex, inserting a tampon, using toilet paper or sitting for prolonged periods of time can be unbearable. […] Vulvodynia can affect women of all ages, but it usually affects women from their mid-20s to 60s. Its estimated about 16% of women will experience vulvodynia in their lifetime. […] Treatment of vulvodynia aims to reduce your pain and improve your quality of life. […] In about 40% of women, vulvodynia will get better on its own. […] Treatment for vulvodynia may involve different health professionals such as: a GP, a gynaecologist, a dermatologist, a pelvic floor physiotherapist, a psychologist, a pain specialist, a sexual health physician, a sex therapist.

• #122 Vulvodynia (vulval pain, burning vulva)

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/vulvodynia

  Vulvodynia is a term used to describe pain affecting the vulva when the cause of the pain is unknown. […] Vulvodynia is defined by the International Society for the Study of Vulvovaginal Diseases (ISSVD) as vulvar pain of at least 3 months duration, without a clear identifiable cause, which may have potential associated factors. […] Vulval pain and discomfort can have a profound effect on the quality of life. Simple activities such as sitting at a desk, bicycle riding, social events and maintaining a sexual relationship, are impacted upon. A woman’s self-image is negatively affected and may lead to depression (and women that are depressed are more likely to suffer from vulvodynia). […] Because by definition, the cause of vulvodynia is unknown, treatment may be challenging. Treatment of vulvodynia usually requires a multidisciplinary approach that may include: Medications, Physiotherapy, Psychological therapy, Pain management therapy, Behaviour modification, Surgery. […] Specific treatment of vulvodynia is described under each subtype. However, regardless of the type of vulvodynia, treatment for all must encompass a holistic approach taking into account the woman’s physical and psychological needs. […] Vulvodynia resolves spontaneously in about 40% of patients.

• #123 Vulvodynia fact sheet – Melbourne Sexual Health Centre (MSHC)

  https://www.mshc.org.au/sexual-health/sexual-health-fact-sheets/vulvodynia

  Vulvodynia or vulval pain is the term used to describe pain or discomfort at or around the vaginal opening. This pain happens without an obvious ongoing cause. […] Vulvodynia is treated as chronic pain and may be associated with pain conditions affecting other parts of the body. […] Treatment aims to reverse these changes. It is important to remember that the vulva and vagina are healthy, but that the sensitivity has changed. […] Most cases will eventually resolve without treatment, though this can take months or years. […] Treatments include: Local anaesthetic gel – in very mild cases this may be sufficient. […] Pelvic floor muscle retraining with biofeedback techniques is the single most helpful treatment. […] Change in sexual practices. […] Cortisone ointment – a mild cortisone ointment may help if there is an associated dermatitis.

• #124 Vulvodynia: Causes, Symptoms, Management & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17878-vulvodynia

  If you have persistent pain in your vulva, schedule an appointment with your primary care provider or gynecologist. It may take some time to find the treatment that works for you. Treatment may require a team-based care approach involving a gynecologist, physical therapist, counselor, etc. The sooner you can connect to these resources, the sooner you can experience relief.

• #125 Vulvodynia: Diagnosis and Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2006/0401/p1231.html

  Tricyclic antidepressants should be considered for the treatment of vulvodynia. […] Cognitive behavioral therapy should be used to decrease vulvar pain with intercourse. […] Biofeedback and physical therapy should be considered to help patients regain control of the pelvic floor musculature. […] Surgery is one of the oldest therapies for localized vulvar vestibulodynia, but this therapy typically is reserved for women with severe, debilitating symptoms that are localized to the introitus. Several studies have found subjective improvement in pain in 60 to 80 percent of women who underwent surgery. […] Family physicians can diagnose and treat women with vulvodynia, and substantial improvement should be expected. Referral to a subspecialist should be considered for any patient who is unresponsive to treatment. […] The prognosis for women who receive appropriate treatment is quite good. A follow-up study of 104 women seen in two referral clinics at the University of Michigan suggests that most women with vulvodynia experience substantial improvement with medical treatment.

• #126 Vulvodynia – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vulvodynia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353427

  Vulvodynia treatments focus on relieving symptoms. No one treatment works in every case. For many people, a mix of treatments works best. It can take time to find the right combination. It also can take months to get relief. […] Your health care team may recommend medicines such as: […] Local anesthetics. These stronger medicines can block pain for a short time. For example, you might put a local anesthetic called lidocaine ointment on your vulva 30 minutes before you have sex to make it more comfortable. This medicine can cause your partner to lose feeling for a little while after sexual contact. […] Physical therapy includes various techniques that may ease your pain and improve your quality of life. These include: […] Pelvic floor therapy. Many people with vulvodynia have tension in the muscles of the pelvic floor, which supports the uterus, bladder and bowel. Exercises to stretch and relax those muscles can help ease vulvodynia pain.

• #127 Vulvodynia: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007699.htm

  Lifestyle changes may help prevent vulvodynia triggers and relieve symptoms. […] Some women with localized vulvodynia may need surgery to relieve pain. The surgery removes the affected skin and tissues around the vaginal opening. Surgery is done only if all the other treatments fail. […] You can ease the stress of illness by joining a support group. Sharing with others who have common experiences and problems can help you not feel alone. […] Vulvodynia is often a complicated condition. It may take weeks to months to achieve some pain relief. Treatment may not ease all symptoms. A combination of treatments and lifestyle changes may work best to help manage the symptoms of vulvodynia. […] Having this condition can take a physical and emotional toll. It can cause: Depression and anxiety, Problems in personal relations, Sleep problems, Problems with sex. […] Contact your provider if you have symptoms of vulvodynia. Also contact your provider if you have vulvodynia and your symptoms get worse.

• #128 Chronic Vulvar Pain and Health-Related Quality of Life in Women with Vulvodynia

  https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/13/2/328

  Chronic Vulvar Pain and Health-Related Quality of Life in Women with Vulvodynia […] Vulvodynia is defined as chronic vulvar pain in the perineal area. It affects women around the world and is a significant health problem. […] The disease reduces quality of life, which is mainly due to difficulties in performing activities of daily living and a decrease in sexual satisfaction. The more pain a woman feels, the worse her quality of life. […] The aim of this study was to investigate the severity of chronic vulvar pain in women with vulvodynia and its impact on their health-related quality of life (QL). […] The severity correlates significantly (p < 0.05) and negatively (r < 0) with QL perception, which was rated worst in the physical domain. [...] The use of treatment resulted in a significant improvement in the physical and psychological domains (p < 0.05), and the latter was particularly influenced by physiotherapy (p < 0.05).

• #129 Vulvodynia: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007699.htm

  Lifestyle changes may help prevent vulvodynia triggers and relieve symptoms. […] Some women with localized vulvodynia may need surgery to relieve pain. The surgery removes the affected skin and tissues around the vaginal opening. Surgery is done only if all the other treatments fail. […] You can ease the stress of illness by joining a support group. Sharing with others who have common experiences and problems can help you not feel alone. […] Vulvodynia is often a complicated condition. It may take weeks to months to achieve some pain relief. Treatment may not ease all symptoms. A combination of treatments and lifestyle changes may work best to help manage the symptoms of vulvodynia. […] Having this condition can take a physical and emotional toll. It can cause: Depression and anxiety, Problems in personal relations, Sleep problems, Problems with sex. […] Contact your provider if you have symptoms of vulvodynia. Also contact your provider if you have vulvodynia and your symptoms get worse.

• #130 Vulvodynia – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vulvodynia/symptoms-causes/syc-20353423

  A healthcare professional needs to find out if your pain has a treatable cause that’s different from vulvodynia, such as: An active infection from yeast or bacteria. […] But it’s key to get a checkup, so a member of your healthcare team can give you an exam and recommend the right treatment for you. […] Without treatment, vulvodynia can affect mental health, relationships and other aspects of your life. […] The condition is linked with anxiety and depression. It’s also tied to less sexual desire, arousal and enjoyment. […] Intimacy issues such as these lead many people with vulvodynia to say they feel shame, lower self-esteem, negative about body image and lacking as a sexual partner. […] The pain and other symptoms of vulvodynia might make it harder to keep up with work. You may feel less social too. And you may have trouble getting quality sleep.

• #131 Vulvodynia – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vulvodynia/symptoms-causes/syc-20353423

  A healthcare professional needs to find out if your pain has a treatable cause that’s different from vulvodynia, such as: An active infection from yeast or bacteria. […] But it’s key to get a checkup, so a member of your healthcare team can give you an exam and recommend the right treatment for you. […] Without treatment, vulvodynia can affect mental health, relationships and other aspects of your life. […] The condition is linked with anxiety and depression. It’s also tied to less sexual desire, arousal and enjoyment. […] Intimacy issues such as these lead many people with vulvodynia to say they feel shame, lower self-esteem, negative about body image and lacking as a sexual partner. […] The pain and other symptoms of vulvodynia might make it harder to keep up with work. You may feel less social too. And you may have trouble getting quality sleep.

• #132 Vulval pain | Jean Hailes

  https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/vulva-vagina/vulval-pain

  If you have vulval pain, its important to see your doctor and ask them to examine you. Not all cases of vulval pain are due to vulvodynia your symptoms might be caused by something that is easily treated. If you are diagnosed with vulvodynia, your doctor or specialist will help you to reduce symptoms so you can start feeling better. […] Pudendal neuralgia (also known as pudendal nerve entrapment) is a chronic condition that causes vulval pain. […] Pudendal neuralgia can cause ongoing pain and discomfort and interfere with daily activities. It can also lead to: high levels of stress, anxiety, depression, sexual problems, including painful sex, problems related to weeing and pooing. […] Your medical team will help you learn to manage and understand your pain, including what makes the pain better and worse. […] If you notice pelvic and vulval pain of any kind, its important to see your doctor. Early treatment of pudendal nerve entrapment often leads to better outcomes.

• #133 Vulvodynia – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vulvodynia/symptoms-causes/syc-20353423

  A healthcare professional needs to find out if your pain has a treatable cause that’s different from vulvodynia, such as: An active infection from yeast or bacteria. […] But it’s key to get a checkup, so a member of your healthcare team can give you an exam and recommend the right treatment for you. […] Without treatment, vulvodynia can affect mental health, relationships and other aspects of your life. […] The condition is linked with anxiety and depression. It’s also tied to less sexual desire, arousal and enjoyment. […] Intimacy issues such as these lead many people with vulvodynia to say they feel shame, lower self-esteem, negative about body image and lacking as a sexual partner. […] The pain and other symptoms of vulvodynia might make it harder to keep up with work. You may feel less social too. And you may have trouble getting quality sleep.

• #134 Vulvodynia (vulvar pain): what is it, symptoms and treatment | Top Doctors

  https://www.topdoctors.co.uk/medical-dictionary/vulvodynia-vulvar-pain

  Vulvodynia is pain in the vulva which is persistent and unexplained. The vulva is the female genital area, and it includes the skin surrounding the vaginal opening. […] Vulvodynia can affect women of all ages and can become a long-term problem which affects quality of life. However, treatment can provide relief and, it can go away itself. […] Vulvodynia has several symptoms but the main one is pain that persists in and around the vulva and vagina. This pain can: be constantly in the background, sting, throb, burning or sore, be triggered by touch, for example during sex or when inserting a tampon, be widespread, and can spread over the whole genital area and the anus, be limited to one part of the vulva like the opening of the vagina, be worse when you’re sat down. […] Vulvodynia pain can also lead to mental health issues such as low mood and depression, because it reduces sex drive and can affect relationships.

• #135 Chronic Vulvar Pain and Health-Related Quality of Life in Women with Vulvodynia

  https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/13/2/328

  Chronic Vulvar Pain and Health-Related Quality of Life in Women with Vulvodynia […] Vulvodynia is defined as chronic vulvar pain in the perineal area. It affects women around the world and is a significant health problem. […] The disease reduces quality of life, which is mainly due to difficulties in performing activities of daily living and a decrease in sexual satisfaction. The more pain a woman feels, the worse her quality of life. […] The aim of this study was to investigate the severity of chronic vulvar pain in women with vulvodynia and its impact on their health-related quality of life (QL). […] The severity correlates significantly (p < 0.05) and negatively (r < 0) with QL perception, which was rated worst in the physical domain. [...] The use of treatment resulted in a significant improvement in the physical and psychological domains (p < 0.05), and the latter was particularly influenced by physiotherapy (p < 0.05).

• #136 Chronic Vulvar Pain and Health-Related Quality of Life in Women with Vulvodynia

  https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/13/2/328

  Chronic Vulvar Pain and Health-Related Quality of Life in Women with Vulvodynia […] Vulvodynia is defined as chronic vulvar pain in the perineal area. It affects women around the world and is a significant health problem. […] The disease reduces quality of life, which is mainly due to difficulties in performing activities of daily living and a decrease in sexual satisfaction. The more pain a woman feels, the worse her quality of life. […] The aim of this study was to investigate the severity of chronic vulvar pain in women with vulvodynia and its impact on their health-related quality of life (QL). […] The severity correlates significantly (p < 0.05) and negatively (r < 0) with QL perception, which was rated worst in the physical domain. [...] The use of treatment resulted in a significant improvement in the physical and psychological domains (p < 0.05), and the latter was particularly influenced by physiotherapy (p < 0.05).

• #137 Treatment of Vulvar Pain: A Worthwhile Clinical Challenge

  https://info.primarycare.hms.harvard.edu/perspectives/articles/treatment-vulvar-pain

  Pelvic floor physical therapy includes stretching, dilation, massage, and myofascial trigger point release to facilitate muscle relaxation, improve circulation, and increase mobility. Research demonstrates that nearly 76% of women report improvement in pain with intercourse and gynecological exams, as well as increased sexual satisfaction. […] A vestibulectomy includes either partial or complete excision of the vestibular mucosa, which is an effective treatment for localized provoked vulvodynia. Vestibulectomy is nearly 90% effective in reducing chronic vulvar pain. […] A multidisciplinary model of care is optimal, which typically combines psychotherapy, physical therapy, and medical management. High-quality, biopsychosocial care improves patients sexual health and quality of life, and these benefits may also be experienced by their intimate partners.

• #138 Vulvodynia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430792/

  Vulvodynia is a chronic pain condition characterized by persistent vulvar discomfort or pain lasting at least 3 months without a clearly identifiable cause. […] Timely diagnosis and increased awareness are crucial for effective management, which typically involves a combination of medical, behavioral, and interventional therapies. […] Educating healthcare providers and increasing awareness are crucial for timely diagnosis and effective management, helping to improve the physical and emotional well-being of those affected by vulvodynia. […] A comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach is essential for timely diagnosis and effective management, improving both physical and emotional well-being. […] Treatment requires a multidisciplinary approach. Validating the individual’s pain complaints is crucial, as many women have struggled in silence for a long time or have seen multiple practitioners without finding effective treatment.

• #139 Vulvodynia and Vulvar Vestibulitis: Challenges in Diagnosis and Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/1999/0315/p1547.html

  Vulvodynia is a problem most family physicians can expect to encounter. It is a syndrome of unexplained vulvar pain, frequently accompanied by physical disabilities, limitation of daily activities, sexual dysfunction and psychologic distress. […] Proper treatment mandates that the correct type of vulvodynia be identified. […] Since vulvodynia is often a chronic condition, regular medical follow-up and referral to a support group are helpful for most patients. […] Vulvodynia is frequently misdiagnosed. […] Most patients consult several physicians before being diagnosed. […] Many patients benefit from referral to a group that provides information and emotional support. […] Family physicians are in an ideal position to help and support the patient psychologically with validation, education and referral to support groups. Appropriate medical treatment should be instituted and, when indicated, physical therapy with biofeedback training should be considered.

• #140 Vulvodynia and Vulvar Vestibulitis: Challenges in Diagnosis and Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/1999/0315/p1547.html

  Vulvodynia is a problem most family physicians can expect to encounter. It is a syndrome of unexplained vulvar pain, frequently accompanied by physical disabilities, limitation of daily activities, sexual dysfunction and psychologic distress. […] Proper treatment mandates that the correct type of vulvodynia be identified. […] Since vulvodynia is often a chronic condition, regular medical follow-up and referral to a support group are helpful for most patients. […] Vulvodynia is frequently misdiagnosed. […] Most patients consult several physicians before being diagnosed. […] Many patients benefit from referral to a group that provides information and emotional support. […] Family physicians are in an ideal position to help and support the patient psychologically with validation, education and referral to support groups. Appropriate medical treatment should be instituted and, when indicated, physical therapy with biofeedback training should be considered.

• #141 Vulvodynia and Vulvar Vestibulitis: Challenges in Diagnosis and Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/1999/0315/p1547.html

  Vulvodynia is a problem most family physicians can expect to encounter. It is a syndrome of unexplained vulvar pain, frequently accompanied by physical disabilities, limitation of daily activities, sexual dysfunction and psychologic distress. […] Proper treatment mandates that the correct type of vulvodynia be identified. […] Since vulvodynia is often a chronic condition, regular medical follow-up and referral to a support group are helpful for most patients. […] Vulvodynia is frequently misdiagnosed. […] Most patients consult several physicians before being diagnosed. […] Many patients benefit from referral to a group that provides information and emotional support. […] Family physicians are in an ideal position to help and support the patient psychologically with validation, education and referral to support groups. Appropriate medical treatment should be instituted and, when indicated, physical therapy with biofeedback training should be considered.

• #142 Treatment of Vulvar Pain: A Worthwhile Clinical Challenge

  https://info.primarycare.hms.harvard.edu/perspectives/articles/treatment-vulvar-pain

  Many people experience sexual pain or dysfunction at various points throughout their lifetime, and womens sexual pain conditions are often mis- or undiagnosed. A common pain disorder in women is vulvar pain, commonly referred to as vulvodynia or vestibulodynia, and it can have debilitating consequences for ones sexual health and quality of life. […] Vulvodynia (or vestibulodynia) is defined as vulvar pain lasting at least three months and without a clear identifiable cause. This condition affects up to 16% of women worldwide, translating into thousands of women searching for effective treatments, yet only 50% ever receive an accurate diagnosis. […] Current evidence and international consensus guidelines support psychological intervention and pelvic floor physical therapy as first-line treatments for the management of most chronic vulvar pain.

• #143 Reddit – The heart of the internet

  https://www.reddit.com/r/vulvodynia/comments/11w1k3k/10_essential_steps_for_those_new_to_vulvar_and/

  Sometimes the cause of pain in the vestibule is an overgrowth of nerves in the vestibule. […] Your pain is real and valid and you deserve appropriate treatment. […] There is no need to endure pain when you can simply experience pleasure in other ways. Vulvodynia does not have to mean the end of your sex life. […] The sooner you find the cause of your pain and treat it appropriately, the less opportunity you will give the inflammation to worsen and damage your tissue and nerves. […] Try to treat yourself with kindness and compassion, and not bombard you all the time with negative phrases.

• #144 Vulvodynia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430792/

  Vulvodynia is a chronic pain condition characterized by persistent vulvar discomfort or pain lasting at least 3 months without a clearly identifiable cause. […] Timely diagnosis and increased awareness are crucial for effective management, which typically involves a combination of medical, behavioral, and interventional therapies. […] Educating healthcare providers and increasing awareness are crucial for timely diagnosis and effective management, helping to improve the physical and emotional well-being of those affected by vulvodynia. […] A comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach is essential for timely diagnosis and effective management, improving both physical and emotional well-being. […] Treatment requires a multidisciplinary approach. Validating the individual’s pain complaints is crucial, as many women have struggled in silence for a long time or have seen multiple practitioners without finding effective treatment.

• #145 Vulvodynia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430792/

  Different clinicians may be involved in the care of the patient. An appropriate interprofessional healthcare team may include a gynecologist with a special interest in vulvovaginal health, often involved in societies such as the International Society for the Study of Women’s Sexual Health (ISSWSH) and the ISSVD, as well as a dermatologist, neurologist, pain management specialist, urologist, and a physical therapist specializing in women’s health. […] Women’s health physical therapy has become an effective component of vulvodynia treatment. Most patients should be referred for evaluation and management of pelvic floor muscle weakness and spasms. […] Education and awareness are essential for improving awareness, early diagnosis, and effective management of vulvodynia. […] Additionally, interdisciplinary collaboration among healthcare providers, including physical therapy and psychological support, enhances treatment outcomes.

• #146 Vulvodynia and Vulvar Vestibulitis: Challenges in Diagnosis and Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/1999/0315/p1547.html

  Vulvodynia is a problem most family physicians can expect to encounter. It is a syndrome of unexplained vulvar pain, frequently accompanied by physical disabilities, limitation of daily activities, sexual dysfunction and psychologic distress. […] Proper treatment mandates that the correct type of vulvodynia be identified. […] Since vulvodynia is often a chronic condition, regular medical follow-up and referral to a support group are helpful for most patients. […] Vulvodynia is frequently misdiagnosed. […] Most patients consult several physicians before being diagnosed. […] Many patients benefit from referral to a group that provides information and emotional support. […] Family physicians are in an ideal position to help and support the patient psychologically with validation, education and referral to support groups. Appropriate medical treatment should be instituted and, when indicated, physical therapy with biofeedback training should be considered.

• #147

  https://christianacare.org/us/en/care/womens-healthcare/my-body/urogynecology/vulvodynia-and-vulvar-vestibulitis

  Vulvodynia and vulvar vestibulitis are mainly diagnosed through a review of your family medical history and a physical exam. The exam includes the doctor touching different parts of the vulva with a cotton swab to identify pain triggers. Vulvar vestibulitis is diagnosed when a patient has a positive touch test and redness at the opening of the vagina. […] There are many treatment options, and a combination is often necessary. Options include: Medication. Many medications are available, including oral varieties and topical creams. Some treat specific conditions such as inflammation and atrophy. Sometimes drugs are combined into special formulas to treat multiple symptoms. […] Managing behavior. Sometimes, changing simple things can control your symptoms. This could include using hypoallergenic detergents and soaps, wearing cotton underwear and other breathable clothing, and avoiding tight-fitting garments.

• #148 Vulvar pain of unknown cause (vulvodynia): Treatment – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/vulvar-pain-of-unknown-cause-vulvodynia-treatment

  Vulvodynia, or vulvar pain of an unknown cause, has a significant negative impact on a woman’s health, self-esteem, relationships, quality of life, and work productivity. Women can have vulvar pain from a specific etiology, pain without an identifiable cause, or both. Treatment must therefore address a wide range of potential etiologies as well as provide an approach for women whose pain is not understood by available paradigms. […] This topic will review our approach to treatment of vulvodynia. The evaluation of women with vulvar pain, approach to the woman with sexual pain, and evaluation and treatment of vulvar pain from specific etiologies are reviewed separately.

• #149 Vulvodynia – WomenCare of Baldwin Park

  https://www.wcbaldwinpark.com/services/gyn-problems/vulvodynia/

  Vulvodynia is a condition involving chronic pain and discomfort of the vulva. The pain recurs and is long lasting. The two most common types of vulvodynia are: […] Vulvar pain can be a symptom of many conditions that, once diagnosed, may be treated. For instance, herpes or certain skin diseases can cause vulvar pain, burning, or swelling. However, many times an exact cause for vulvar pain cannot be found. This does not mean that there is no cause, just that one has not yet been found. When no cause is found for vulvar pain, it is called vulvodynia. […] There are many kinds of treatment that may help relieve the symptoms of vulvodynia. No one method works all the time for everyone. Some treatments take a few months before any relief is noticed. Sometimes more than one treatment may be needed. The key is to remain patient and work closely with your doctor. With time, your doctor can help you find the best treatment for you.

• #150 Vulvodynia | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/vulvodynia

  Vulvodynia is pain that lasts for 3 months or longer and is not caused by an infection, skin disorder, or other medical condition. […] Vulvodynia most commonly is described as burning, stinging, irritation, and rawness. […] If you have vulvodynia, gentle care of the vulva is best. Avoid products and other items that may be irritating. […] Many kinds of treatment are available. No one method works all the time for everyone. […] Keeping a pain diary can help you track your symptoms and how they respond to different therapies. […] Physical therapy is another option for treating vulvodynia. […] A nerve block is a type of anesthesia in which an anesthetic drug is injected into the nerves that carry pain signals from the vulva to the spinal cord. […] Cognitive behavioral therapy may be suggested if you have vulvodynia. […] A vestibulectomy is the removal of the painful tissue from the part of the vulva called the vestibule.

• #151 Vulvar Pain (Vulvodynia): Symptoms, Causes and Remedies | Carreras Medical Center

  https://www.toplinemd.com/carreras-medical-center/vulvar-pain-vulvodynia-symptoms-causes-and-remedies/

  If you experience painful vagina throbbing, you can also try implementing the following lifestyle changes: Always wear breathable cotton underwear. Refrain from using tight pantyhose and lingerie. Use gel packs and cold compresses. Avoid all forms of exercise that put pressure on your vulva, like horseback riding. Clean the area carefully with plain water (do not use harsh soaps). Always use a good lubricant during sexual intercourse. Reduce stress and focus on getting enough quality sleep.

• #152 Reddit – The heart of the internet

  https://www.reddit.com/r/vulvodynia/comments/11w1k3k/10_essential_steps_for_those_new_to_vulvar_and/

  1. Self-help tips to decrease pain/inflammation and get some relief while waiting for a doctor-prescribed treatment: Try to remove all common vulvar irritants: (intimate) soap, scented laundry detergent, fabric softener, scented toilet paper, baby wipes, feminine hygiene products (spray, creams, powders, ..), baths oils, bubbles, douches!!!!, spermicides, condoms with lube or spermicide, fragranced menstrual pads, nylon underwear or tights. […] Try ice packs or a heating pad to reduce the pain. Depending on your type of pain, either one should work. […] Try using a protective ointment like Aquaphor, especially if you feel like you have dryness and/or fissures. […] Stretch regularly to relax your pelvic floor (you can find nice videos on Youtube). […] Vulvodynia and vestibulodynia aren’t real diagnosis per se. They only mean „unexplained pain in the vulva” and „unexplained pain in vestibule”, because the medical field hasn’t cared about explaining this pain for super long. Vulvodynia and vestibulodynia only indicate a symptom, not a diagnosis.

• #153

  https://www.gloshospitals.nhs.uk/your-visit/patient-information-leaflets/vulvodynia/

  Vulvodynia is the medical term used to describe pain in the vulva or female genital area where the skin looks healthy and no cause has been found. This discomfort can be felt during normal touch such as sex, inserting tampons or from clothing. […] There are a variety of treatments and sometimes a combination of options are needed. Please do not worry if the first ones you try are not effective. Nerve conditions take time to respond to treatments and many of the options which have been shown to work need regular input from you. […] When the skin is over-sensitive it needs gentle treatment. Soaps, wipes and tight clothes can rub and irritate the skin. An emollient (moisturiser) can be used as a soap substitute – keeping the area clean, while gentle on the skin. […] There is strong evidence that physiotherapy, as a first-line treatment, can improve vaginismus and vulvodynia by up to 80%. The biggest improvements are seen after an 8 week course of weekly therapist sessions.

• #154 Vulvar Pain | CommonSpirit Health

  https://www.commonspirit.org/conditions-treatments/vulvar-pain

  In rare cases, surgery is done to remove tissue that is very sensitive. […] Always clean your vulva gently. […] Avoid soaps and other products, such as vaginal sprays or douches, that irritate your skin. […] Wear loose-fitting cotton clothes. Avoid nylon and other fabrics that hold moisture close to the skin. This may cause irritation and allow an infection to start. […] Avoid hot baths, and don’t use soaps or bath products to wash your vulva. Rinse with water only, and gently pat the area dry. […] Relieve itching and pain with a cold water compress or a cool bath. Don’t scratch the area. […] Try using a vaginal lubricant, such as Astroglide or K-Y Jelly, to reduce irritation from having sex. […] Stay active. But limit exercises that can irritate the vulva, such as bike riding or horseback riding.

• #155

  https://www.gloshospitals.nhs.uk/your-visit/patient-information-leaflets/vulvodynia/

  Vulvodynia is the medical term used to describe pain in the vulva or female genital area where the skin looks healthy and no cause has been found. This discomfort can be felt during normal touch such as sex, inserting tampons or from clothing. […] There are a variety of treatments and sometimes a combination of options are needed. Please do not worry if the first ones you try are not effective. Nerve conditions take time to respond to treatments and many of the options which have been shown to work need regular input from you. […] When the skin is over-sensitive it needs gentle treatment. Soaps, wipes and tight clothes can rub and irritate the skin. An emollient (moisturiser) can be used as a soap substitute – keeping the area clean, while gentle on the skin. […] There is strong evidence that physiotherapy, as a first-line treatment, can improve vaginismus and vulvodynia by up to 80%. The biggest improvements are seen after an 8 week course of weekly therapist sessions.

• #156 Vulvodynia – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vulvodynia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353427

  Surgery may be a treatment choice if you have pain in the tissue that surrounds the opening of your vagina, called the vestibule. Most often, surgery is done only if other treatments haven’t helped. […] Simple self-care steps may help you manage vulvodynia symptoms. […] If you’re sexually active: […] Use a water-based lubricant. Put it on before you have sex. Don’t use products that contain alcohol, dyes, perfume, flavor, or warming or cooling ingredients. […] You might find it helpful to talk with other people who have vulvodynia. You can share information, talk about your experiences and feel less alone.

• #157 Vulvar Pain (Vulvodynia): Symptoms, Causes and Remedies | Carreras Medical Center

  https://www.toplinemd.com/carreras-medical-center/vulvar-pain-vulvodynia-symptoms-causes-and-remedies/

  If you experience painful vagina throbbing, you can also try implementing the following lifestyle changes: Always wear breathable cotton underwear. Refrain from using tight pantyhose and lingerie. Use gel packs and cold compresses. Avoid all forms of exercise that put pressure on your vulva, like horseback riding. Clean the area carefully with plain water (do not use harsh soaps). Always use a good lubricant during sexual intercourse. Reduce stress and focus on getting enough quality sleep.

• #158 Reddit – The heart of the internet

  https://www.reddit.com/r/vulvodynia/comments/11w1k3k/10_essential_steps_for_those_new_to_vulvar_and/

  1. Self-help tips to decrease pain/inflammation and get some relief while waiting for a doctor-prescribed treatment: Try to remove all common vulvar irritants: (intimate) soap, scented laundry detergent, fabric softener, scented toilet paper, baby wipes, feminine hygiene products (spray, creams, powders, ..), baths oils, bubbles, douches!!!!, spermicides, condoms with lube or spermicide, fragranced menstrual pads, nylon underwear or tights. […] Try ice packs or a heating pad to reduce the pain. Depending on your type of pain, either one should work. […] Try using a protective ointment like Aquaphor, especially if you feel like you have dryness and/or fissures. […] Stretch regularly to relax your pelvic floor (you can find nice videos on Youtube). […] Vulvodynia and vestibulodynia aren’t real diagnosis per se. They only mean „unexplained pain in the vulva” and „unexplained pain in vestibule”, because the medical field hasn’t cared about explaining this pain for super long. Vulvodynia and vestibulodynia only indicate a symptom, not a diagnosis.

• #159 How I cured my vulvodynia | Page 18 | Vulval Problems | Forums

  https://patient.info/forums/discuss/how-i-cured-my-vulvodynia-613064?page=17

  The idea is that you are retraining the nerves to register touch as touch and not pain. […] I also found a GP that also ran a Western acupuncture clinic. Western means that they leave the meddles in and pass electricity through them. That was what really worked for me – each time I went I just got better and better. […] Coconut oil was soothing (raw, cold pressed, organic coconut oil) so I applied that externally and internally with a clean finger after every time I went to the loo. […] The key is to be persistent, try everything, gradually build things up, stick with what works, be determined, don’t give in. […] It does take a long time – it took me 1.5 years of all that stuff in my message above to get to being pain free. […] I still apply coconut oil after every time I go to the toilet, use tonnes of oil based lube during intercourse, go around the house wear no knickers. […] I still do pelvic floor exercises – the book I got was called 7 steps to pain-free sex by Claudia Amherd. […] You need to get some organic, chemical free sanitary towels for when you have your period (no tampons).

• #160 Vulvodynia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430792/

  Vulvodynia is a chronic pain condition characterized by persistent vulvar discomfort or pain lasting at least 3 months without a clearly identifiable cause. […] Timely diagnosis and increased awareness are crucial for effective management, which typically involves a combination of medical, behavioral, and interventional therapies. […] Educating healthcare providers and increasing awareness are crucial for timely diagnosis and effective management, helping to improve the physical and emotional well-being of those affected by vulvodynia. […] A comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach is essential for timely diagnosis and effective management, improving both physical and emotional well-being. […] Treatment requires a multidisciplinary approach. Validating the individual’s pain complaints is crucial, as many women have struggled in silence for a long time or have seen multiple practitioners without finding effective treatment.

• #161 Vulvodynia and Vulvar Vestibulitis: Challenges in Diagnosis and Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/1999/0315/p1547.html

  Vulvodynia is a problem most family physicians can expect to encounter. It is a syndrome of unexplained vulvar pain, frequently accompanied by physical disabilities, limitation of daily activities, sexual dysfunction and psychologic distress. […] Proper treatment mandates that the correct type of vulvodynia be identified. […] Since vulvodynia is often a chronic condition, regular medical follow-up and referral to a support group are helpful for most patients. […] Vulvodynia is frequently misdiagnosed. […] Most patients consult several physicians before being diagnosed. […] Many patients benefit from referral to a group that provides information and emotional support. […] Family physicians are in an ideal position to help and support the patient psychologically with validation, education and referral to support groups. Appropriate medical treatment should be instituted and, when indicated, physical therapy with biofeedback training should be considered.

• #162 Vulvodynia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430792/

  Vulvodynia is a chronic pain condition characterized by persistent vulvar discomfort or pain lasting at least 3 months without a clearly identifiable cause. […] Timely diagnosis and increased awareness are crucial for effective management, which typically involves a combination of medical, behavioral, and interventional therapies. […] Educating healthcare providers and increasing awareness are crucial for timely diagnosis and effective management, helping to improve the physical and emotional well-being of those affected by vulvodynia. […] A comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach is essential for timely diagnosis and effective management, improving both physical and emotional well-being. […] Treatment requires a multidisciplinary approach. Validating the individual’s pain complaints is crucial, as many women have struggled in silence for a long time or have seen multiple practitioners without finding effective treatment.

• #163 Reddit – The heart of the internet

  https://www.reddit.com/r/vulvodynia/comments/11w1k3k/10_essential_steps_for_those_new_to_vulvar_and/

  Sometimes the cause of pain in the vestibule is an overgrowth of nerves in the vestibule. […] Your pain is real and valid and you deserve appropriate treatment. […] There is no need to endure pain when you can simply experience pleasure in other ways. Vulvodynia does not have to mean the end of your sex life. […] The sooner you find the cause of your pain and treat it appropriately, the less opportunity you will give the inflammation to worsen and damage your tissue and nerves. […] Try to treat yourself with kindness and compassion, and not bombard you all the time with negative phrases.

• #164 Vulvodynia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430792/

  Vulvodynia is a chronic pain condition characterized by persistent vulvar discomfort or pain lasting at least 3 months without a clearly identifiable cause. […] Timely diagnosis and increased awareness are crucial for effective management, which typically involves a combination of medical, behavioral, and interventional therapies. […] Educating healthcare providers and increasing awareness are crucial for timely diagnosis and effective management, helping to improve the physical and emotional well-being of those affected by vulvodynia. […] A comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach is essential for timely diagnosis and effective management, improving both physical and emotional well-being. […] Treatment requires a multidisciplinary approach. Validating the individual’s pain complaints is crucial, as many women have struggled in silence for a long time or have seen multiple practitioners without finding effective treatment.

• #165 Persistent Vulvar Pain | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/committee-opinion/articles/2016/09/persistent-vulvar-pain

  An emerging treatment for vulvodynia is transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. […] When other nonsurgical management options have been tried and failed, and the pain is localized to the vestibule, vestibulectomy may be an effective treatment. […] Although optimal treatment remains unclear, consider an individualized, multidisciplinary approach to address all physical and emotional aspects possibly attributable to vulvodynia. […] It is important to begin any treatment approach with a detailed discussion, including an explanation of the diagnosis and determination of realistic treatment goals.

• #166 Vulvodynia – WomenCare of Baldwin Park

  https://www.wcbaldwinpark.com/services/gyn-problems/vulvodynia/

  Vulvodynia is a condition involving chronic pain and discomfort of the vulva. The pain recurs and is long lasting. The two most common types of vulvodynia are: […] Vulvar pain can be a symptom of many conditions that, once diagnosed, may be treated. For instance, herpes or certain skin diseases can cause vulvar pain, burning, or swelling. However, many times an exact cause for vulvar pain cannot be found. This does not mean that there is no cause, just that one has not yet been found. When no cause is found for vulvar pain, it is called vulvodynia. […] There are many kinds of treatment that may help relieve the symptoms of vulvodynia. No one method works all the time for everyone. Some treatments take a few months before any relief is noticed. Sometimes more than one treatment may be needed. The key is to remain patient and work closely with your doctor. With time, your doctor can help you find the best treatment for you.

• #167 Vulvodynia and Vulvar Vestibulitis: Challenges in Diagnosis and Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/1999/0315/p1547.html

  Vulvodynia is a problem most family physicians can expect to encounter. It is a syndrome of unexplained vulvar pain, frequently accompanied by physical disabilities, limitation of daily activities, sexual dysfunction and psychologic distress. […] Proper treatment mandates that the correct type of vulvodynia be identified. […] Since vulvodynia is often a chronic condition, regular medical follow-up and referral to a support group are helpful for most patients. […] Vulvodynia is frequently misdiagnosed. […] Most patients consult several physicians before being diagnosed. […] Many patients benefit from referral to a group that provides information and emotional support. […] Family physicians are in an ideal position to help and support the patient psychologically with validation, education and referral to support groups. Appropriate medical treatment should be instituted and, when indicated, physical therapy with biofeedback training should be considered.

• #168 Vulvodynia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430792/

  Different clinicians may be involved in the care of the patient. An appropriate interprofessional healthcare team may include a gynecologist with a special interest in vulvovaginal health, often involved in societies such as the International Society for the Study of Women’s Sexual Health (ISSWSH) and the ISSVD, as well as a dermatologist, neurologist, pain management specialist, urologist, and a physical therapist specializing in women’s health. […] Women’s health physical therapy has become an effective component of vulvodynia treatment. Most patients should be referred for evaluation and management of pelvic floor muscle weakness and spasms. […] Education and awareness are essential for improving awareness, early diagnosis, and effective management of vulvodynia. […] Additionally, interdisciplinary collaboration among healthcare providers, including physical therapy and psychological support, enhances treatment outcomes.

• #169 Vulvodynia – Foundation for Female Health Awareness

  https://femalehealthawareness.org/en/vulvodynia/

  Vulvodynia is vulvar discomfort or pain lasting for at least 3 months. Pain can be either localized (involving one specific part of the vulva) or generalized (involving the whole vulva). Pain can be provoked (triggered by touch) or spontaneous. The frequency of the pain can also vary, from constant pain to intermittent pain. Most people with vulvodynia have burning pain. […] Vulvar pain interferes with the ability to participate in everyday activities. It also affects peoples quality of life and sexual function. It is important to talk to your health care provider if you have symptoms because of the large impact they can have on everyday life and well-being. […] Vulvodynia treatment is focused on reducing pain and improving quality of life and sexual function. Treatment varies by individual and may include the following: Vulvar care measures, Topical medications, Oral medications, Physical therapy, Lifestyle changes, Cognitive behavioral therapy and/or, Surgery.

• #170 Localised provoked vestibulodynia (vulvodynia): assessment and management

  https://www.racgp.org.au/afp/2015/july/localised-provoked-vestibulodynia-vulvodynia-asses

  There are published guidelines for the management of vulvodynia. […] A positive relationship between patient and clinician cannot be overestimated. […] It is important to emphasise that pain does not signify damage. […] Physiotherapy addresses pelvic muscle dysfunction. […] Psychological and behavioural interventions encourage women to look at self-management strategies to reduce anxiety. […] Simple measures to manage mild, provoked pain include application of lignocaine 2% gel or 5% ointment to the vestibule 10-20 minutes before sex. […] Low-dose tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are first-line treatment in chronic pain and help with sleep difficulties. […] The place of surgery as a treatment is uncertain and controversial.

• #171 Vulvodynia: Diagnosis and Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2006/0401/p1231.html

  Tricyclic antidepressants should be considered for the treatment of vulvodynia. […] Cognitive behavioral therapy should be used to decrease vulvar pain with intercourse. […] Biofeedback and physical therapy should be considered to help patients regain control of the pelvic floor musculature. […] Surgery is one of the oldest therapies for localized vulvar vestibulodynia, but this therapy typically is reserved for women with severe, debilitating symptoms that are localized to the introitus. Several studies have found subjective improvement in pain in 60 to 80 percent of women who underwent surgery. […] Family physicians can diagnose and treat women with vulvodynia, and substantial improvement should be expected. Referral to a subspecialist should be considered for any patient who is unresponsive to treatment. […] The prognosis for women who receive appropriate treatment is quite good. A follow-up study of 104 women seen in two referral clinics at the University of Michigan suggests that most women with vulvodynia experience substantial improvement with medical treatment.

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