Wada kanału przedsionkowo-komorowego
Rokowania, prognozy i postęp choroby

Rokowanie w nieleczonej wadzie kanału przedsionkowo-komorowego (AVSD) jest niekorzystne, z około 50% śmiertelnością w okresie niemowlęcym z powodu niewydolności serca lub infekcji płucnych. U pacjentów, którzy przeżyją pierwszy rok życia, często rozwija się nieodwracalna choroba naczyń płucnych prowadząca do zespołu Eisenmengera. Bez interwencji chirurgicznej jedynie 25% pacjentów dożywa 40 roku życia. Po całkowitej korekcji chirurgicznej (CAVSD) przeżywalność znacząco się poprawia, wynosząc około 85% po 10 latach, 82% po 20 latach i 71% po 30 latach, z 15-letnim przeżyciem sięgającym 90%. Czynniki prognostyczne obejmują wiek i masę ciała w momencie operacji, płeć męską, pilność zabiegu oraz obecność zespołu Downa, które wpływają na czas wentylacji mechanicznej i długość hospitalizacji.

Wada kanału przedsionkowo-komorowego (Atrioventricular canal defect) – Rokowanie

Rokowanie bez leczenia chirurgicznego

Rokowanie w przypadku nieleczonej wady kanału przedsionkowo-komorowego (AVSD – Atrioventricular Septal Defect) jest niepomyślne. Około 50% pacjentów umiera w okresie niemowlęcym z powodu niewydolności serca lub infekcji płucnych. Pacjenci, którzy przeżyją pierwszy rok życia, narażeni są na rozwój nieodwracalnej choroby naczyń płucnych i późniejsze odwrócenie przecieku.1 Przebieg kliniczny i rokowanie w AVSD zależy od specyficznej morfologii wady oraz obecności wad towarzyszących.2

Bez interwencji chirurgicznej występuje znacząca długoterminowa chorobowość i śmiertelność, a jedynie 25% pacjentów przeżywa powyżej 40 roku życia.3 U tych, którzy przeżyją dłużej bez leczenia, ostatecznie rozwija się zespół Eisenmengera z powodu nieodwracalnych zmian w naczyniach płucnych.4

Rokowanie po leczeniu chirurgicznym

Przeżywalność po chirurgicznej naprawie całkowitej wady kanału przedsionkowo-komorowego (CAVSD – Complete Atrioventricular Septal Defect) znacząco się poprawiła w ostatnich latach. Szacowane przeżycie dla pacjentów poddanych korekcji chirurgicznej wynosi 85% po 10 latach, 82% po 20 latach i 71% po 30 latach od pierwotnej naprawy CAVSD.5 Inne dane wskazują, że 15-letnie przeżycie pacjentów po zabiegu chirurgicznym wynosi około 90%.6

Czynniki prognostyczne

Zidentyfikowano kilka istotnych czynników wpływających na rokowanie pacjentów z AVSD:

  • Wiek i masa ciała w momencie operacji – starszy wiek i niższa masa ciała w czasie zabiegu chirurgicznego są niezależnymi czynnikami prognostycznymi dłuższego pooperacyjnego pobytu w szpitalu i dłuższej wentylacji mechanicznej7
  • Płeć męska – może być niezależnym czynnikiem predykcyjnym wydłużonego pooperacyjnego pobytu w szpitalu8
  • Pilność zabiegu – operacje wykonywane w trybie pilnym wiążą się z dłuższym czasem wentylacji i hospitalizacji9
  • Zespół Downa – obecność zespołu Downa wiąże się z dłuższym czasem wentylacji mechanicznej, choć nie wpływa na wydłużenie pobytu w szpitalu10

Reoperacje

Pomimo dobrego przeżycia długoterminowego, pacjenci po korekcji CAVSD są narażeni na ryzyko reoperacji, co wpływa na długoterminowe przeżycie. Około 9-10% pacjentów wymaga ponownej operacji w ciągu 15 lat od pierwotnego zabiegu.11 Główne wskazania do reoperacji to niedomykalność zastawki przedsionkowo-komorowej lewej oraz zwężenie drogi odpływu lewej komory.12

Niedomykalność zastawki przedsionkowo-komorowej (AVVR) pozostaje istotnym problemem po naprawie całkowitej AVSD, często wymagającym ponownej interwencji chirurgicznej.13

Rokowanie w niezbilansowanym AVSD

W przypadku niezbilansowanej (unbalanced) wady kanału przedsionkowo-komorowego, postępowanie terapeutyczne może być szczególnie trudne.14 Rezonans magnetyczny serca (MRI) może skutecznie przewidywać powodzenie naprawy dwukomorowej u tych pacjentów, wykorzystując wskaźnik objętości końcowo-rozkurczowej samodzielnie lub w połączeniu z kątem lewej i prawej komory w rozkurczu w MRI lub echokardiograficznym wskaźnikiem zastawki przedsionkowo-komorowej.15

Konieczne są prospektywne badania z wykorzystaniem MRI serca, aby lepiej zdefiniować charakterystyki wielomodalnego obrazowania, które mogą przewidywać powodzenie operacji dwukomorowej u pacjentów z niezbilansowanym AVSD.16

Aktualne trendy w rokowaniu

Współczesne dane wskazują na znaczną poprawę rokowania u pacjentów z wadą kanału przedsionkowo-komorowego poddanych korekcji chirurgicznej. Długoterminowe przeżycie po naprawie CAVSD pozostaje dobre, jednak konieczność reoperacji jest częsta i wpływa na długoterminową przeżywalność.17

Badania nad czynnikami prognostycznymi i technologiami diagnostycznymi, takimi jak MRI serca, przyczyniają się do lepszego planowania leczenia i poprawy wyników, zwłaszcza w przypadkach złożonych, takich jak niezbilansowany AVSD.18

Kolejne rozdziały

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Wybierz kolejny rozdział z menu poniżej, aby otworzyć nową podstronę kompedium wiedzy i uzyskać szczegółowe informację o leku, substancji lub chorobie.

  1. 11.04.2026
  2. www.leksykon.com.pl

Materiały źródłowe

  • #1 Atrioventricular Septal Defect – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK562194/
    The prognosis of untreated atrioventricular septal defect is dismal. Around 50% of the patients die during infancy, either due to heart failure or pulmonary infections. Those who survive beyond one year, they develop the irreversible pulmonary vascular disease and later on the reversal of the shunt. […] Patients undergoing surgical repair have 15 years of survival of around 90%, and 9% to 10% of those require reoperation within 15 years.
  • #2
    https://omim.org/entry/606215
    The clinical presentation and course in AVSD relates to the specific morphology of the defect and the presence of associated defects. […] Without surgery, many of these patients will die in infancy and those who survive will develop pulmonary vascular disease and eventually die with Eisenmenger syndrome. […] Without surgery, however, there is considerable longer term morbidity and mortality with only 25% survival beyond 40 years of age (summary by Craig, 2006).
  • #3
    https://omim.org/entry/606215
    The clinical presentation and course in AVSD relates to the specific morphology of the defect and the presence of associated defects. […] Without surgery, many of these patients will die in infancy and those who survive will develop pulmonary vascular disease and eventually die with Eisenmenger syndrome. […] Without surgery, however, there is considerable longer term morbidity and mortality with only 25% survival beyond 40 years of age (summary by Craig, 2006).
  • #4
    https://omim.org/entry/606215
    The clinical presentation and course in AVSD relates to the specific morphology of the defect and the presence of associated defects. […] Without surgery, many of these patients will die in infancy and those who survive will develop pulmonary vascular disease and eventually die with Eisenmenger syndrome. […] Without surgery, however, there is considerable longer term morbidity and mortality with only 25% survival beyond 40 years of age (summary by Craig, 2006).
  • #5 Long-term outcomes after surgical repair of complete atrioventricular septal defect – PubMed
    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26048271/
    Survival after surgical repair for complete atrioventricular septal defect (CAVSD) has improved, but patients are at risk for reoperation to address left atrioventricular valve regurgitation and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. […] The overall estimated survival for the entire cohort was 85% at 10 years, 82% at 20 years, and 71% at 30 years after initial CAVSD repair. […] Long-term survival after repair of CAVSD remains good. However, the need for reoperation is common and affects long-term survival after CAVSD repair.
  • #6 Atrioventricular Septal Defect – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK562194/
    The prognosis of untreated atrioventricular septal defect is dismal. Around 50% of the patients die during infancy, either due to heart failure or pulmonary infections. Those who survive beyond one year, they develop the irreversible pulmonary vascular disease and later on the reversal of the shunt. […] Patients undergoing surgical repair have 15 years of survival of around 90%, and 9% to 10% of those require reoperation within 15 years.
  • #7 The influence of age and weight on the outcomes of complete atrioventricular septal defect repair | The Egyptian Heart Journal | Full Text
    https://tehj.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s43044-022-00292-8
    Older age and lower weight at the time of surgical repair of atrioventricular septal defect could be independent predictors of prolonged postoperative in-hospital length of stay and total length of positive pressure ventilation. […] We studied fifty patients under 2 years of age who underwent surgical repair for complete AVSD. In our sample, older age and lower weight at the time of surgery significantly predicted a more extended period of postoperative PPV and hospital stay. […] The presence of down syndrome was not associated with increased postoperative in-hospital LOS, but it was associated with longer VT and total PPV time. […] Re-operation for AVVR continues to be a significant problem after complete AVSD repair. […] Older age, lower weight, male gender, and urgent surgery could be independent predictors of prolonged postoperative in-hospital length of stay and total length of positive pressure ventilation for children undergoing atrioventricular septal defect surgical repair.
  • #8 The influence of age and weight on the outcomes of complete atrioventricular septal defect repair | The Egyptian Heart Journal | Full Text
    https://tehj.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s43044-022-00292-8
    Older age and lower weight at the time of surgical repair of atrioventricular septal defect could be independent predictors of prolonged postoperative in-hospital length of stay and total length of positive pressure ventilation. […] We studied fifty patients under 2 years of age who underwent surgical repair for complete AVSD. In our sample, older age and lower weight at the time of surgery significantly predicted a more extended period of postoperative PPV and hospital stay. […] The presence of down syndrome was not associated with increased postoperative in-hospital LOS, but it was associated with longer VT and total PPV time. […] Re-operation for AVVR continues to be a significant problem after complete AVSD repair. […] Older age, lower weight, male gender, and urgent surgery could be independent predictors of prolonged postoperative in-hospital length of stay and total length of positive pressure ventilation for children undergoing atrioventricular septal defect surgical repair.
  • #9 The influence of age and weight on the outcomes of complete atrioventricular septal defect repair | The Egyptian Heart Journal | Full Text
    https://tehj.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s43044-022-00292-8
    Older age and lower weight at the time of surgical repair of atrioventricular septal defect could be independent predictors of prolonged postoperative in-hospital length of stay and total length of positive pressure ventilation. […] We studied fifty patients under 2 years of age who underwent surgical repair for complete AVSD. In our sample, older age and lower weight at the time of surgery significantly predicted a more extended period of postoperative PPV and hospital stay. […] The presence of down syndrome was not associated with increased postoperative in-hospital LOS, but it was associated with longer VT and total PPV time. […] Re-operation for AVVR continues to be a significant problem after complete AVSD repair. […] Older age, lower weight, male gender, and urgent surgery could be independent predictors of prolonged postoperative in-hospital length of stay and total length of positive pressure ventilation for children undergoing atrioventricular septal defect surgical repair.
  • #10 The influence of age and weight on the outcomes of complete atrioventricular septal defect repair | The Egyptian Heart Journal | Full Text
    https://tehj.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s43044-022-00292-8
    Older age and lower weight at the time of surgical repair of atrioventricular septal defect could be independent predictors of prolonged postoperative in-hospital length of stay and total length of positive pressure ventilation. […] We studied fifty patients under 2 years of age who underwent surgical repair for complete AVSD. In our sample, older age and lower weight at the time of surgery significantly predicted a more extended period of postoperative PPV and hospital stay. […] The presence of down syndrome was not associated with increased postoperative in-hospital LOS, but it was associated with longer VT and total PPV time. […] Re-operation for AVVR continues to be a significant problem after complete AVSD repair. […] Older age, lower weight, male gender, and urgent surgery could be independent predictors of prolonged postoperative in-hospital length of stay and total length of positive pressure ventilation for children undergoing atrioventricular septal defect surgical repair.
  • #11 Atrioventricular Septal Defect – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK562194/
    The prognosis of untreated atrioventricular septal defect is dismal. Around 50% of the patients die during infancy, either due to heart failure or pulmonary infections. Those who survive beyond one year, they develop the irreversible pulmonary vascular disease and later on the reversal of the shunt. […] Patients undergoing surgical repair have 15 years of survival of around 90%, and 9% to 10% of those require reoperation within 15 years.
  • #12 Long-term outcomes after surgical repair of complete atrioventricular septal defect – PubMed
    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26048271/
    Survival after surgical repair for complete atrioventricular septal defect (CAVSD) has improved, but patients are at risk for reoperation to address left atrioventricular valve regurgitation and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. […] The overall estimated survival for the entire cohort was 85% at 10 years, 82% at 20 years, and 71% at 30 years after initial CAVSD repair. […] Long-term survival after repair of CAVSD remains good. However, the need for reoperation is common and affects long-term survival after CAVSD repair.
  • #13 The influence of age and weight on the outcomes of complete atrioventricular septal defect repair | The Egyptian Heart Journal | Full Text
    https://tehj.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s43044-022-00292-8
    Older age and lower weight at the time of surgical repair of atrioventricular septal defect could be independent predictors of prolonged postoperative in-hospital length of stay and total length of positive pressure ventilation. […] We studied fifty patients under 2 years of age who underwent surgical repair for complete AVSD. In our sample, older age and lower weight at the time of surgery significantly predicted a more extended period of postoperative PPV and hospital stay. […] The presence of down syndrome was not associated with increased postoperative in-hospital LOS, but it was associated with longer VT and total PPV time. […] Re-operation for AVVR continues to be a significant problem after complete AVSD repair. […] Older age, lower weight, male gender, and urgent surgery could be independent predictors of prolonged postoperative in-hospital length of stay and total length of positive pressure ventilation for children undergoing atrioventricular septal defect surgical repair.
  • #14 Cardiac magnetic resonance predictors for successful primary biventricular repair of unbalanced complete common atrioventricular canal | Cardiology in the Young | Cambridge Core
    https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/cardiology-in-the-young/article/cardiac-magnetic-resonance-predictors-for-successful-primary-biventricular-repair-of-unbalanced-complete-common-atrioventricular-canal/B031CFE4A007E90D8FDC6EAD8A833AD6
    Patients with unbalanced common atrioventricular canal can be difficult to manage. […] Cardiac MRI can successfully predict successful biventricular repair in patients with unbalanced common atrioventricular canal utilising the end-diastolic volume index alone or in combination with the MRI left ventricleright ventricle angle in diastole or the echocardiographic atrioventricular valve index. […] A prospective cardiac MRI study is warranted to better define the multimodality characteristic predictive of successful biventricular surgery.
  • #15 Cardiac magnetic resonance predictors for successful primary biventricular repair of unbalanced complete common atrioventricular canal | Cardiology in the Young | Cambridge Core
    https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/cardiology-in-the-young/article/cardiac-magnetic-resonance-predictors-for-successful-primary-biventricular-repair-of-unbalanced-complete-common-atrioventricular-canal/B031CFE4A007E90D8FDC6EAD8A833AD6
    Patients with unbalanced common atrioventricular canal can be difficult to manage. […] Cardiac MRI can successfully predict successful biventricular repair in patients with unbalanced common atrioventricular canal utilising the end-diastolic volume index alone or in combination with the MRI left ventricleright ventricle angle in diastole or the echocardiographic atrioventricular valve index. […] A prospective cardiac MRI study is warranted to better define the multimodality characteristic predictive of successful biventricular surgery.
  • #16 Cardiac magnetic resonance predictors for successful primary biventricular repair of unbalanced complete common atrioventricular canal | Cardiology in the Young | Cambridge Core
    https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/cardiology-in-the-young/article/cardiac-magnetic-resonance-predictors-for-successful-primary-biventricular-repair-of-unbalanced-complete-common-atrioventricular-canal/B031CFE4A007E90D8FDC6EAD8A833AD6
    Patients with unbalanced common atrioventricular canal can be difficult to manage. […] Cardiac MRI can successfully predict successful biventricular repair in patients with unbalanced common atrioventricular canal utilising the end-diastolic volume index alone or in combination with the MRI left ventricleright ventricle angle in diastole or the echocardiographic atrioventricular valve index. […] A prospective cardiac MRI study is warranted to better define the multimodality characteristic predictive of successful biventricular surgery.
  • #17 Long-term outcomes after surgical repair of complete atrioventricular septal defect – PubMed
    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26048271/
    Survival after surgical repair for complete atrioventricular septal defect (CAVSD) has improved, but patients are at risk for reoperation to address left atrioventricular valve regurgitation and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. […] The overall estimated survival for the entire cohort was 85% at 10 years, 82% at 20 years, and 71% at 30 years after initial CAVSD repair. […] Long-term survival after repair of CAVSD remains good. However, the need for reoperation is common and affects long-term survival after CAVSD repair.
  • #18 Cardiac magnetic resonance predictors for successful primary biventricular repair of unbalanced complete common atrioventricular canal | Cardiology in the Young | Cambridge Core
    https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/cardiology-in-the-young/article/cardiac-magnetic-resonance-predictors-for-successful-primary-biventricular-repair-of-unbalanced-complete-common-atrioventricular-canal/B031CFE4A007E90D8FDC6EAD8A833AD6
    Patients with unbalanced common atrioventricular canal can be difficult to manage. […] Cardiac MRI can successfully predict successful biventricular repair in patients with unbalanced common atrioventricular canal utilising the end-diastolic volume index alone or in combination with the MRI left ventricleright ventricle angle in diastole or the echocardiographic atrioventricular valve index. […] A prospective cardiac MRI study is warranted to better define the multimodality characteristic predictive of successful biventricular surgery.