Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Dysphagia (swallowing problems)

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/swallowing-problems-dysphagia/

  Dysphagia is where you have problems swallowing. It’s usually caused by certain medicines or another condition, such as acid reflux or a stroke. […] Some people with dysphagia have problems swallowing certain foods or drinks, while others cannot swallow at all. […] Signs of dysphagia include: coughing or choking when eating or drinking, bringing food back up, sometimes through the nose, a feeling that food is stuck in your throat or chest, a gurgly, wet-sounding voice when eating or drinking. […] Over time, dysphagia can also cause symptoms such as weight loss, dehydration and repeated chest infections. […] Common causes of swallowing problems include: some medicines, such as antipsychotics, having a learning disability, a cleft lip and palate in babies, heartburn and acid reflux, especially in children or people who have gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, problems with your breathing caused by conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a condition that affects the nervous system or brain, such as cerebral palsy, a stroke, dementia or multiple sclerosis, cancer, such as mouth cancer or oesophageal cancer.

• #1 Dysphagia – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dysphagia/symptoms-causes/syc-20372028

  Dysphagia is a medical term for difficulty swallowing. Dysphagia can be a painful condition. In some cases, swallowing is impossible. […] Ongoing dysphagia can be a serious medical condition that needs treatment. […] Symptoms associated with dysphagia can include: Pain while swallowing. Not being able to swallow. Feeling as if food is stuck in the throat or chest or behind the breastbone. Drooling. Hoarseness. Food coming back up, called regurgitation. Frequent heartburn. Food or stomach acid backing up into the throat. Weight loss. Coughing or gagging when swallowing. […] Difficulty swallowing tends to get progressively worse when esophageal tumors are present. Growing tumors steadily narrow the esophagus. […] Certain conditions can weaken the throat muscles, making it difficult to move food from the mouth into the throat and esophagus during swallowing.

• #1 Dysphagia (swallowing problems) | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/stomach-liver-and-gastrointestinal-tract/dysphagia-swallowing-problems/

  Dysphagia is the medical term for swallowing difficulties. […] Some people with dysphagia have problems swallowing certain foods or liquids, while others cant swallow at all. […] Other signs of dysphagia include coughing or choking when eating or drinking, bringing food back up, sometimes through the nose, a sensation that food is stuck in your throat or chest, and persistent drooling of saliva. […] Over time, dysphagia can also cause symptoms such as weight loss and repeated chest infections. […] Dysphagia can sometimes lead to further problems. One of the most common problems is coughing or choking when food goes down the wrong way and blocks your airway. […] If this occurs frequently, you may avoid eating and drinking because you fear choking, which can lead to malnutrition and dehydration.

• #1 Dysphagia – Clinical Methods – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK408/

  Dysphagia means difficulty swallowing. For this diagnosis it is critical that related symptoms be associated with the act of swallowing of a liquid or solid bolus. […] Dysphagia specifically ascribes the problem to the esophagus. […] A more specific classification categorizes the cause of dysphagia according to location: preesophageal or oropharyngeal dysphagia, esophageal or transport dysphagia, postesophageal or esophagogastric dysphagia, and paraesophageal or extrinsic dysphagia. […] To make the diagnosis of dysphagia, such symptoms must be associated with swallowing. […] Dysphagia can be classified into four categories, based on the location of the swallowing impairment: oropharyngeal, esophageal, esophagogastric, and paraesophageal. […] Oropharyngeal dysphagia occurs when there is difficulty moving the food bolus from the oral cavity to the cervical esophagus.

• #1 Difficulty Swallowing – Digestive Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/digestive-disorders/symptoms-of-digestive-disorders/difficulty-swallowing

  People with equal difficulty swallowing liquids and solids are more likely to have an esophageal motility disorder. People who have gradually increasing difficulty swallowing first solids and then liquids may have a worsening physical blockage, such as a tumor. […] The best way to treat dysphagia is to treat the specific cause. […] To help relieve symptoms of dysphagia, doctors usually advise people to take small bites and chew food thoroughly. […] People with dysphagia caused by a stroke may benefit from treatment by a rehabilitation specialist. […] After age-related changes, the most common causes of oral motor disorders are neuromuscular disorders (such as cranial neuropathies caused by diabetes, stroke, Parkinson disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or multiple sclerosis). […] Reduced saliva production (hyposalivation) is a major cause of delayed and impaired swallowing.

• #1 Dysphagia (Difficulty Swallowing): Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/digestive-health/difficulty-swallowing-dysphagia

  There are various causes of dysphagia (difficulty swallowing). See your doctor as soon as possible if you develop dysphagia. This is because a serious condition such as cancer of the gullet (oesophagus) can be the cause. As a general rule, the earlier a serious problem is diagnosed, the better the chance that treatment may improve the outlook (prognosis). […] Dysphagia is the medical word for difficulty swallowing. People with dysphagia have problems swallowing certain solid foods or liquids, while others cannot swallow at all. This symptom is usually due to a problem of the gullet (oesophagus). Less commonly, a problem at the back of the mouth, or something pressing on the oesophagus, can cause this symptom. […] The severity of dysphagia can vary from mild to severe. When mild, it can mean a feeling of food just taking longer to pass through the oesophagus and it can be painless. Liquids may well cause no problem. When severe, it can mean both solids and liquids do not pass at all down the oesophagus and may cause you to vomit back (regurgitate) food and drink. When moderate, it can be somewhere in between these extremes.

• #1 Evaluating Dysphagia | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2000/0615/p3639.html

  Esophageal dysphagia is caused by disordered peristaltic motility or conditions that obstruct the flow of a food bolus through the esophagus into the stomach. […] Patients who have dysphagia may present with a variety of complaints, but they usually report coughing or choking, or the abnormal sensation of food sticking in the back of the throat or upper chest when they are trying to swallow. […] Patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia present with difficulty in initiating swallowing and may also have associated coughing, choking or nasal regurgitation. […] Patients with esophageal dysphagia present with the sensation of food sticking in their throat or chest. […] Patients with neuromuscular dysphagia experience gradually progressive difficulty in swallowing solid food and liquids. […] Obstructive pathology is typically associated with dysphagia of solid food but not liquids. […] Rapidly progressive dysphagia of a few months’ duration suggests esophageal carcinoma. Weight loss is more predictive of a mechanical obstructive lesion.

• #1 Dysphagia (Difficulty Swallowing): What It Is, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/21195-dysphagia-difficulty-swallowing

  Issues at any of these key stops can create slowdowns, making it difficult or impossible to swallow. […] Any disorder, disease or condition that impacts the muscles or nerves that help you swallow can cause dysphagia. […] Aging doesnt cause dysphagia, but its a key risk factor. Muscle deteriorates as we get older, making us more susceptible to injury. The risk of developing many neurological conditions associated with dysphagia increases with age. […] Treatment for dysphagia depends on whats causing it and how severe it is. […] Dysphagia can lead to serious health issues and even be fatal without treatment. Risks include: dehydration, malnutrition, choking, silent aspiration and aspiration pneumonia. […] Schedule an appointment with your healthcare provider as soon as you notice that your dysphagia isnt a one-time thing. Recurring dysphagia likely has a cause that your provider can diagnose and treat.

• #1 Dysphagia (swallowing problems)

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/swallowing-problems-dysphagia/

  Urgent advice: Ask for an urgent GP appointment or get help from NHS 111 if: You, your child or someone you care for has difficulty swallowing, coughs or chokes while eating or drinking, feels like something’s stuck in the throat after eating, keeps bringing food or milk back up, sometimes through the nose, cries a lot or arches their back when feeding, has a wet, gurgly voice after eating or drinking, is short of breath after eating or drinking, gets lots of chest infections. […] Treatment for dysphagia depends on what’s causing it and how severe it is. […] If your swallowing problems are being caused by a condition like acid reflux, the problem may get better on its own. […] But if the cause is longer term, you may need specialist treatment to make eating and drinking as safe as possible.

• #1 Swallowing problems | Stroke Association

  https://www.stroke.org.uk/stroke/effects/physical/swallowing-problems

  Swallowing problems can get better, and most people are able to swallow safely again within the first few weeks. A small number of people have problems that last longer than this. Only a very small number of people are left with lasting difficulties. […] If you have problems with swallowing you should be referred to a speech and language therapist, who will work with you to try to improve it. […] If you can’t swallow safely, then you’ll probably need to make changes to your diet with advice from a speech and language therapist. […] If your swallowing problems make it hard for you to eat enough, you might lose weight and miss out on important nutrients. This can cause low energy levels, and even slow down your recovery. […] Many types of everyday food are soft, or can be made in soft or pureed form. […] Just because you have swallowing problems, it doesn’t mean you can’t enjoy eating. […] Swallowing problems can be especially difficult to cope with at home.

• #1 Dysphagia: Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2212409-overview

  In conditions in which recovery is possible (eg, TBI, stroke), the normalization of swallowing may take from 3 weeks to approximately 6 months or longer. […] Pneumonia accounts for about 34% of all stroke-related deaths and represents the third highest cause of death during the first month after a stroke. Although not all of these cases of pneumonia are attributable to the aspiration of food, the early detection and treatment of dysphagia in patients who have sustained a stroke is nonetheless very critical. […] Patients who have had a stroke are likely to decrease their dietary intake, which increases their risk of malnutrition or exacerbates existing malnourishment. […] Dysphagia can potentially lead to dehydration, while dehydration may itself be a risk factor for pneumonia for several reasons.

• #1 Your Guide to Dysphagia | Focus Care

  https://focuscare.com.au/blog/your-guide-to-dysphagia

  Dysphagia is the medical term to describe difficulty swallowing. If a swallowing problem routinely impacts daily tasks like speaking and eating, it is commonly diagnosed as Dysphagia. […] People with dysphagia frequently struggle to swallow and may even experience pain (odynophagia). They may be unable to eat or have trouble swallowing liquids, foods, or saliva safely. […] Around 1 million people in Australia have trouble when it comes to swallowing – whether it’s a mild difficulty or a complete/painful blockage of the oesophagus. […] In the mild stage, individuals experience occasional difficulties with swallowing, often limited to certain types of food (e.g., dry or tough foods). There may be minimal impact on daily life. […] In the moderate stage, swallowing difficulties become more noticeable and frequent. Individuals may start to avoid certain foods and might experience more significant discomfort.

• #1 Dysphagia in Children – Stanford Medicine Children’s Health

  https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=dysphagia-in-children-90-P01991

  Dysphagia means trouble swallowing. This condition happens when food or liquids cant pass easily from your childs mouth, into the throat, down the esophagus, and into the stomach when swallowing. […] Swallowing problems happen when something goes wrong in one or more of these stages. Dysphagia can be long-term (chronic). Or it may come on suddenly. […] Symptoms can occur a bit differently in each child. They can include: Arching or stiffening of the body during feedings, Chest congestion after eating or drinking, Coughing or choking when eating or drinking or right after, Drooling, Eating slowly, Feeling like food or liquids are sticking in the throat or esophagus or feeling like theres a lump in the throat, Gagging during feeding, Getting respiratory infections often, Having food or liquids come out of the nose during or after a feeding, Trying to swallow one mouthful of food several times, Trouble sucking and swallowing, Spitting up or vomiting often, Irritability or not being alert during feedings, Wet or raspy sounding voice during or after eating, Weight loss.

• #1 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Dysphagia-Symptoms.aspx

  In children, some signs can include: tensing of the body when feeding, inattentiveness during mealtimes, refusal of foods with certain textures, requires an extensive amount of time to eat food, difficulty breastfeeding, drooling from the mouth while feeding, coughing or gagging when feeding, breathing difficulty, weight loss, delayed growth and development, recurring pneumonia.

• #1 Dysphagia in Children – Stanford Medicine Children’s Health

  https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=dysphagia-in-children-90-P01991

  This condition can cause aspiration. This happens when food or liquids go into your childs windpipe and lungs. This can lead to pneumonia and other serious lung problems. […] Some children with dysphagia will have long-term problems. Some childrens ability to swallow may not improve much. This is more likely in children who also have other health problems, such as nerve or muscle issues. Other children may learn to eat and drink better.

• #1 Dysphagia – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dysphagia/symptoms-causes/syc-20372028

  Difficulty swallowing can lead to: Malnutrition, weight loss and dehydration. Dysphagia can make it difficult to take in enough food and fluids. […] Although swallowing difficulties can’t be prevented, you can reduce your risk of occasional difficulty swallowing by eating slowly and chewing your food well. However, if you have symptoms of dysphagia, see a healthcare professional.

• #1 Dysphagia (swallowing problems) | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/stomach-liver-and-gastrointestinal-tract/dysphagia-swallowing-problems/

  Some people with dysphagia have a tendency to develop chest infections, such as aspiration pneumonia, which require medical treatment. […] Dysphagia can also affect your quality of life as it may prevent you enjoying meals and social occasions. […] Diagnosing the specific type of dysphagia can make treatment more effective and reduce your chances of developing complications of dysphagia, such as choking or pneumonia. […] If you have dysphagia, theres a risk of food, drink or saliva going down the wrong way. It can block your airway, making it difficult to breathe and causing you to cough or choke. […] If you often choke on your food because of dysphagia, you may also be at an increased risk of developing a condition called aspiration pneumonia. […] Aspiration pneumonia is a chest infection that can develop after accidentally inhaling something, such as a small piece of food.

• #1 Dysphagia (swallowing problems) | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/stomach-liver-and-gastrointestinal-tract/dysphagia-swallowing-problems/

  The symptoms of aspiration pneumonia include a cough, a high temperature of 38C (100.4F) or over, chest pain, and difficulty breathing. […] Your chances of developing pneumonia as a result of dysphagia are higher if you have a weakened immune system, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or if your oral and dental hygiene is poor.

• #1 Dysphagia and swallowing difficulties – Symptoms & treatment

  https://www.iqoro.com/swallowing-difficulties-dysphagia/

  With constant dysphagia there is always a block in the chest with food morsels you try to swallow that are larger than a certain size. […] It is typical for pharyngeal dysphagia that food goes down the wrong way into the airways because of misdirected swallowing. […] This type of dysphagia means that you find it hard to chew, mix the food with saliva in your mouth, to transport the food backwards towards your pharynx. […] This form of dysphagia is concerned with the problems in being able to transport food from your plate to your mouth yourself. […] An impaired swallowing capacity, where muscles in the face, mouth, and throat are dramatically weakened, can lead to secondary difficulties. […] Dysphagia has a negative effect on both healing and rehabilitation, which is strongly correlated to extended care periods, more complicated care interventions, reduced quality of life and great personal suffering for those that are affected, and those close to them. […] Dysphagia meets WHOs criteria for being a handicap and means, for those who are affected by it, a hidden physical, psychological and social suffering.

• #1 Adult Dysphagia

  https://www.asha.org/practice-portal/clinical-topics/adult-dysphagia/?srsltid=AfmBOooKGn3elMb_JJebJhGj6LPGW8CpwtOP1_Oh2kXgQ0DZ204wjo_J

  Advanced age is a risk factor for aspiration pneumonia (Loeb et al., 1999). A report by the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research estimates that approximately one third of patients with dysphagia develop pneumonia and that 60,000 individuals die each year from such complications. […] The prevalence of dysphagia in community-dwelling adults over the age of 50 years is estimated to be somewhere between 15% and 22% (Aslam Vaezi, 2013; Barczi et al., 2000), and in skilled nursing facilities, the prevalence rises to over 60% (Steele et al., 1997). […] Signs and symptoms of dysphagia include drooling and poor oral management of secretions and/or bolus; ineffective chewing; food or liquid remaining in the oral cavity after the swallow; inability to maintain lip closure; extra time needed to chew or swallow; complaints of food sticking; complaints of pain when swallowing; changes in vocal quality; coughing or throat clearing during or after eating or drinking; difficulty coordinating breathing and swallowing; weight loss, malnutrition, or dehydration from not being able to eat enough; and complaints of discomfort related to suspected esophageal dysphagia.

• #1 Swallowing difficulty: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007543.htm

  The treatment for your swallowing problem depends on the cause. […] It is important to learn how to eat and drink safely. Incorrect swallowing may lead to choking or breathing food or liquid into your main airway. This can lead to pneumonia. […] Contact your provider if swallowing problems do not improve after a few days, or they come and go. […] Contact your provider right away if: You have a fever or shortness of breath. You are losing weight. Your swallowing problems are getting worse. You cough or vomit up blood. You have asthma that is becoming worse. You feel as if you are choking during or after eating or drinking.

• #1

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/pages/conditions.aspx?Hwid=tp23477spec

  Have pain when you swallow. […] Have pain or pressure in your chest or have heartburn. […] Lose weight because you are not getting enough food or liquid. […] Your treatment will depend on what is causing your dysphagia. Treatment for dysphagia includes: […] Exercises for your swallowing muscles. […] Changing the foods you eat. […] Dilation. […] Endoscopy. […] Surgery. […] Medicines. […] In rare cases, a person who has severe dysphagia may need a feeding tube because he or she is not able to get enough food and liquids.

• #1 Deciphering Dysphagia | National Foundation of Swallowing Disorders – A community for those impacted by dysphagia

  https://swallowingdisorderfoundation.com/deciphering-dysphagia/

  When the pharyngeal swallowing mechanism isn’t functioning like it should, food or liquid can sometimes enter the trachea instead of the esophagus. This is referred to as aspiration. Everyone experiences occasional aspiration of trace amounts (that feeling when something goes down the wrong way and your body’s reaction is to cough). However, when aspiration is persistent and foreign material is entering the lungs, this can lead to very serious complications, such as aspiration pneumonia or even death. […] If you feel that you or a loved one may be suffering from dysphagia, discuss your symptoms with your physician and seek a speech-language pathology consultation. Without treatment, dysphagia can be a debilitating condition, but thankfully quality of life can be improved greatly with proper and timely diagnosis and treatment. Early intervention results in the best treatment outcomes, so seeking treatment at the first sign of an impairment is very important.

• #2 Dysphagia (Difficulty Swallowing): What It Is, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/21195-dysphagia-difficulty-swallowing

  Dysphagia or difficulty swallowing is a symptom of many different medical conditions. These conditions include nervous system and brain disorders, muscle disorders and physical blockages in your throat. Treatment for swallowing issues may include medications, changes to your eating habits and, sometimes, procedures. […] Dysphagia is the medical term for difficulty swallowing. When you swallow, many muscles and nerves work together to move food or drink from your mouth to your stomach. When theres an issue with how these parts work, swallowing may feel uncomfortable or slow. You may cough or choke when you try to swallow water, food or even your own saliva (spit). […] But dysphagia can be a sign of something serious. Its a common symptom following a stroke. Untreated dysphagia can pose risks like food or liquid getting into your airway (aspiration). This can lead to a lung infection or pneumonia.

• #2 Dysphagia: Symptoms and Causes | NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/digestive/dysphagia

  Dysphagia is the medical term for difficulty swallowing. People with dysphagia have trouble moving food or liquid from the mouth to the esophagus and down to the stomach. Severity can range from mild discomfort with swallowing to the inability to swallow or move food down at all. […] Consistent swallowing difficulties should be evaluated and may require treatment. The treatment depends on the cause of the difficulty swallowing. […] Symptoms of dysphagia include sensation of food being stuck in the throat or chest, inability to swallow, food piling up in the chest, pain while swallowing, regurgitation of food, chest pain with eating, choking on food, coughing or gagging while swallowing, hoarseness, frequent heartburn, and weight loss. […] Dysphagia can lead to several complications, ranging in severity from mild to serious.

• #2 Dysphagia (swallowing problems)

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/swallowing-problems-dysphagia/

  Dysphagia is where you have problems swallowing. It’s usually caused by certain medicines or another condition, such as acid reflux or a stroke. […] Some people with dysphagia have problems swallowing certain foods or drinks, while others cannot swallow at all. […] Signs of dysphagia include: coughing or choking when eating or drinking, bringing food back up, sometimes through the nose, a feeling that food is stuck in your throat or chest, a gurgly, wet-sounding voice when eating or drinking. […] Over time, dysphagia can also cause symptoms such as weight loss, dehydration and repeated chest infections. […] Common causes of swallowing problems include: some medicines, such as antipsychotics, having a learning disability, a cleft lip and palate in babies, heartburn and acid reflux, especially in children or people who have gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, problems with your breathing caused by conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a condition that affects the nervous system or brain, such as cerebral palsy, a stroke, dementia or multiple sclerosis, cancer, such as mouth cancer or oesophageal cancer.

• #2 Dysphagia – Clinical Methods – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK408/

  Esophageal dysphagia occurs when there is difficulty with the passage of solid or liquid material through the esophagus, specifically the region between the upper and lower esophageal sphincter. […] Symptoms, while relating to disordered food transport, will depend on the etiology of the esophageal disturbance. […] Dysphagia is one of the most reliable symptoms that can be elicited in the medical history. […] The classification of dysphagia, as related to location, includes oropharyngeal, esophageal, esophagogastric, and paraesophageal. […] All dysphagia (except paraesophageal dysphagia) is caused by either motor disturbance or physical narrowing of the esophagus. […] Oropharyngeal dysphagia results from neuromuscular disease in greater than three quarters of cases. […] The clinical significance of esophageal and esophagogastric disorders include motility abnormalities, obstructive lesions, and a combination of the two.

• #2 Evaluating Dysphagia | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2000/0615/p3639.html

  Esophageal dysphagia is caused by disordered peristaltic motility or conditions that obstruct the flow of a food bolus through the esophagus into the stomach. […] Patients who have dysphagia may present with a variety of complaints, but they usually report coughing or choking, or the abnormal sensation of food sticking in the back of the throat or upper chest when they are trying to swallow. […] Patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia present with difficulty in initiating swallowing and may also have associated coughing, choking or nasal regurgitation. […] Patients with esophageal dysphagia present with the sensation of food sticking in their throat or chest. […] Patients with neuromuscular dysphagia experience gradually progressive difficulty in swallowing solid food and liquids. […] Obstructive pathology is typically associated with dysphagia of solid food but not liquids. […] Rapidly progressive dysphagia of a few months’ duration suggests esophageal carcinoma. Weight loss is more predictive of a mechanical obstructive lesion.

• #2 Your Guide to Dysphagia | Focus Care

  https://focuscare.com.au/blog/your-guide-to-dysphagia

  Severe dysphagia significantly impacts daily life and nutrition. Individuals may struggle to swallow most foods and liquids, leading to considerable dietary restrictions and potential nutritional deficiencies. […] In the profound stage, swallowing is extremely difficult or impossible, posing a serious risk to health due to the inability to maintain adequate nutrition and hydration orally. […] There are many possible causes for Dysphagia. Dysphagia could be caused by any condition that can weaken the muscles or nerves used for normal swallowing. […] Although it can occur at any age, dysphagia in older adults is more common. Dysphagia and dementia are often linked, as people with cognitive challenges may experience dysphagia. […] Recent research has shown around 45% of patients with Alzheimer’s experience some form of dysphagia.

• #2 Dysphagia (swallowing problems) | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/stomach-liver-and-gastrointestinal-tract/dysphagia-swallowing-problems/

  Dysphagia is the medical term for swallowing difficulties. […] Some people with dysphagia have problems swallowing certain foods or liquids, while others cant swallow at all. […] Other signs of dysphagia include coughing or choking when eating or drinking, bringing food back up, sometimes through the nose, a sensation that food is stuck in your throat or chest, and persistent drooling of saliva. […] Over time, dysphagia can also cause symptoms such as weight loss and repeated chest infections. […] Dysphagia can sometimes lead to further problems. One of the most common problems is coughing or choking when food goes down the wrong way and blocks your airway. […] If this occurs frequently, you may avoid eating and drinking because you fear choking, which can lead to malnutrition and dehydration.

• #2 Dysphagia (swallowing problems) | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/stomach-liver-and-gastrointestinal-tract/dysphagia-swallowing-problems/

  Some people with dysphagia have a tendency to develop chest infections, such as aspiration pneumonia, which require medical treatment. […] Dysphagia can also affect your quality of life as it may prevent you enjoying meals and social occasions. […] Diagnosing the specific type of dysphagia can make treatment more effective and reduce your chances of developing complications of dysphagia, such as choking or pneumonia. […] If you have dysphagia, theres a risk of food, drink or saliva going down the wrong way. It can block your airway, making it difficult to breathe and causing you to cough or choke. […] If you often choke on your food because of dysphagia, you may also be at an increased risk of developing a condition called aspiration pneumonia. […] Aspiration pneumonia is a chest infection that can develop after accidentally inhaling something, such as a small piece of food.

• #2 Adult Dysphagia

  https://www.asha.org/practice-portal/clinical-topics/adult-dysphagia/?srsltid=AfmBOooKGn3elMb_JJebJhGj6LPGW8CpwtOP1_Oh2kXgQ0DZ204wjo_J

  Advanced age is a risk factor for aspiration pneumonia (Loeb et al., 1999). A report by the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research estimates that approximately one third of patients with dysphagia develop pneumonia and that 60,000 individuals die each year from such complications. […] The prevalence of dysphagia in community-dwelling adults over the age of 50 years is estimated to be somewhere between 15% and 22% (Aslam Vaezi, 2013; Barczi et al., 2000), and in skilled nursing facilities, the prevalence rises to over 60% (Steele et al., 1997). […] Signs and symptoms of dysphagia include drooling and poor oral management of secretions and/or bolus; ineffective chewing; food or liquid remaining in the oral cavity after the swallow; inability to maintain lip closure; extra time needed to chew or swallow; complaints of food sticking; complaints of pain when swallowing; changes in vocal quality; coughing or throat clearing during or after eating or drinking; difficulty coordinating breathing and swallowing; weight loss, malnutrition, or dehydration from not being able to eat enough; and complaints of discomfort related to suspected esophageal dysphagia.

• #3 Dysphagia (Difficulty Swallowing): What It Is, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/21195-dysphagia-difficulty-swallowing

  Issues at any of these key stops can create slowdowns, making it difficult or impossible to swallow. […] Any disorder, disease or condition that impacts the muscles or nerves that help you swallow can cause dysphagia. […] Aging doesnt cause dysphagia, but its a key risk factor. Muscle deteriorates as we get older, making us more susceptible to injury. The risk of developing many neurological conditions associated with dysphagia increases with age. […] Treatment for dysphagia depends on whats causing it and how severe it is. […] Dysphagia can lead to serious health issues and even be fatal without treatment. Risks include: dehydration, malnutrition, choking, silent aspiration and aspiration pneumonia. […] Schedule an appointment with your healthcare provider as soon as you notice that your dysphagia isnt a one-time thing. Recurring dysphagia likely has a cause that your provider can diagnose and treat.

• #3 Dysphagia (swallowing problems) | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/stomach-liver-and-gastrointestinal-tract/dysphagia-swallowing-problems/

  Some people with dysphagia have a tendency to develop chest infections, such as aspiration pneumonia, which require medical treatment. […] Dysphagia can also affect your quality of life as it may prevent you enjoying meals and social occasions. […] Diagnosing the specific type of dysphagia can make treatment more effective and reduce your chances of developing complications of dysphagia, such as choking or pneumonia. […] If you have dysphagia, theres a risk of food, drink or saliva going down the wrong way. It can block your airway, making it difficult to breathe and causing you to cough or choke. […] If you often choke on your food because of dysphagia, you may also be at an increased risk of developing a condition called aspiration pneumonia. […] Aspiration pneumonia is a chest infection that can develop after accidentally inhaling something, such as a small piece of food.

Zobacz więcej