Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Dysphagia – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dysphagia/symptoms-causes/syc-20372028

  Dysphagia is a medical term for difficulty swallowing. Dysphagia can be a painful condition. In some cases, swallowing is impossible. […] Ongoing dysphagia can be a serious medical condition that needs treatment. […] Although swallowing difficulties can’t be prevented, you can reduce your risk of occasional difficulty swallowing by eating slowly and chewing your food well. However, if you have symptoms of dysphagia, see a healthcare professional. […] If you have GERD, see a healthcare professional for treatment.

• #2 Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) – symptoms, causes and treatment | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/dysphagia

  Dysphagia cannot be prevented. However, treatment can help prevent complications. […] Dysphagia can lead to dehydration and malnutrition if not managed properly. It can cause weight loss and problems taking your oral medicines. […] A range of health professionals can help with dysphagia, including doctors, speech pathologists, dietitians, and physiotherapists. Treatment can sometimes include changing the textures of your food and drinks, learning new swallowing techniques, doing exercises to help your muscles work better and stimulate nerves that trigger the swallowing reflex, and taking medicines to reduce stomach acid reflux.

• #3 Preventing Aspiration in Older Adults with Dysphagia | HIGN

  https://hign.org/consultgeri/try-this-series/preventing-aspiration-older-adults-dysphagia

  Preventing Aspiration in Older Adults with Dysphagia […] WHY: Aspiration (the misdirection of oropharyngeal secretions or gastric contents into the larynx and lower respiratory tract) is common in older adults with dysphagia and can lead to aspiration pneumonia. In fact, the risk of pneumonia is three times higher in patients with dysphagia (Hebert et al., 2016). Other harmful sequelae of dysphagia include malnutrition and dehydration (Wilmskoetter et al., 2017). Dysphagia is a significant predictor of worse clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with dementia (Paranji et al., 2017). […] TARGET POPULATION: Dysphagia is common in persons with neurologic diseases such as stroke, Parkinsons disease, and dementia. The older adult with one of these conditions is at even greater risk for aspiration because the dysphagia is superimposed on the slowed swallowing rate associated with normal aging. Conditions that suppress the cough reflex (such as sedation) further increase the risk for aspiration.

• #4 Cerebral Palsy and Dysphagia | Cerebral Palsy Guidance

  https://www.cerebralpalsyguidance.com/cerebral-palsy/associated-disorders/dysphagia/

  If your child shows symptoms of dysphagia, its imperative to seek medical treatment as soon as possible. Failure to treat and adequately manage dysphagia can lead to several additional health problems, including: Dehydration, Choking and aspiration, Recurrent respiratory problems, Pneumonia, Malnutrition.

• #5 Difficulty Swallowing (Dysphagia): Symptoms & Causes

  https://www.health.com/dysphagia-7569643

  Difficulty swallowing is not usually preventable. However, you can take steps to reduce occasional challenges with swallowing and lower the risk of complications: […] Treat underlying health conditions, like GERD, to prevent damage and scarring to the esophagus.

• #6 Dysphagia – Signs And Symptoms | familydoctor.org

  https://familydoctor.org/condition/dysphagia/

  Dysphagia can happen at any age, but it is more common in older people. […] The best way to reduce your risk of occasionally having trouble swallowing is to eat slowly, eat small bites, and chew your food well. In addition, treating acid reflux early can help lower your risk of developing scar tissue in the throat. […] If poor eating habits are the cause, your doctor may have you work with a speech pathologist to learn how to improve your ability to swallow. This could include chewing carefully or drinking more water while eating.

• #7 Difficulty Swallowing (Dysphagia): Symptoms & Causes

  https://www.health.com/dysphagia-7569643

  Difficulty swallowing is not usually preventable. However, you can take steps to reduce occasional challenges with swallowing and lower the risk of complications: […] Treat underlying health conditions, like GERD, to prevent damage and scarring to the esophagus.

• #8 Dysphagia in head and neck cancer: prevention and treatment – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24614062/

  Swallowing difficulties are among the most problematic outcomes associated with head and neck cancer (HNCA) and the strategies employed to treat it. […] Maintaining an oral diet and performing prophylactic swallowing exercises are currently the most evidence-based strategies for dysphagia prevention in HNCA. […] At the time of initial assessment, education should be provided regarding treatment toxicities and the importance of prophylactic swallowing exercises and oral intake.

• #9 Trouble swallowing? Dysphagia insights for cancer patients | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancerwise/dysphagia-in-cancer-patients–what-to-know-causes-diagnosis-prevention-treatment.h00-159305412.html

  Dysphagia can be treated using a variety of methods, including exercises, postures (such as head turns or chin tucks), massage techniques and muscle manipulation. […] Ideally, you would meet with a speech-language pathologist who has experience working with cancer patients before starting treatment, so that you could receive the appropriate testing, counseling and information needed to prevent or lessen the severity of dysphagia. […] From a prevention standpoint, we’re studying the most effective (and least burdensome) ways that patients can maintain their swallowing muscles during treatment. […] We’re also partnering with surgeons and radiation oncologists to explore better ways of maintaining swallowing function, such as by reducing the amount of radiation delivered to areas without cancer. […] This ensures you’ll get the guidance needed to preserve as much swallowing function as possible.

• #10 Restoring hope and function for people with swallowing disorders – UT Health San Antonio

  https://news.uthscsa.edu/restoring-hope-and-function-for-people-with-swallowing-disorders/

  Giselle Carnaby, PhD, MPH, has spent more than three decades researching dysphagia and developing therapies to treat the most severe cases. […] She directs the PhD in Health Sciences program and founded the Swallowing and Upper Aerodigestive Research Laboratory, where she is conducting a study to determine whether an exercise-based dysphagia intervention, the McNeill Dysphagia Therapy Program (MDTP), originally developed to help people recovering from stroke, can be used as a preventative intervention for people with early Parkinson’s disease. […] „It’s secondary prevention,” she said. „This is not to cure Parkinson’s — it’s to buffer change. If we can show a difference in pre- and post-intervention in early Parkinson’s patients who do not have obvious difficulties with swallowing, then the conceptual background is that it should be more beneficial in patients with more significant issues.”

• #11 Restoring hope and function for people with swallowing disorders – UT Health San Antonio

  https://news.uthscsa.edu/restoring-hope-and-function-for-people-with-swallowing-disorders/

  „We can remediate this. We can fix it. We can change it.” […] „Not being able to access it because you simply can’t eat it opens you up to all sorts of health problems. And it’s so, so preventable.” […] „The patient takes it home with them, and it lives with them, and it changes their behavior from the ground up,” Carnaby said. […] „What we are doing with the Parkinson’s patients is saying, 'Let’s take this idea of rehabilitation and this intensive rehabilitation program that we know works, and let’s provide it as a preventative,” she said. „Teach it up front and then maybe we will extend the period of time where their swallowing is normal and easy for them.” […] „If we can make them safer and more effective functional feeders for longer, we save costs, save hospitalizations, save stress, save morbidity. There are lots of benefits.” […] „We’re slowly changing people’s minds about how you do this sort of intervention and with different populations,” she said.

• #12 Preventing Aspiration in Older Adults with Dysphagia | HIGN

  https://hign.org/consultgeri/try-this-series/preventing-aspiration-older-adults-dysphagia

  PREVENTION OF ASPIRATION DURING TUBE FEEDING: Tube feeding is not necessary for all patients who aspirate. However, in the early weeks of acute stroke, nasogastric (NG) feedings are appropriate for patients with severe dysphagia (Moran OMahony, 2015). Percutaneous gastrostomy (PEG) feedings are generally reserved for stroke patients who have persisting dysphagia at two to three weeks after the stroke (Moran OMahony, 2015). Fortunately, the removal of a feeding tube may be possible for some stroke patients due to spontaneous and/or treatment induced recovery (Wilmskoetter et al., 2017). […] PREVENTION OF ASPIRATION PNEUMONIA BY ORAL CARE: The oral cavity may constitute a reservoir of pathogenic organisms that could conceivably be aspirated and lead to aspiration pneumonia (Maeda Akagi, 2014). Good dental hygiene is important to minimize risk for aspiration pneumonia for several reasons: Missing teeth and poorly fitted dentures predispose to aspiration by interfering with chewing and swallowing. Infected teeth and poor oral hygiene predispose to pneumonia following the aspiration of contaminated oral secretions. Suggestions for mouth care are as follow (Sarin et al., 2008): Use a soft or electric toothbrush with fluoride toothpaste to clean all surfaces of the teeth and gums twice a day. For edentulous patients, gently brush the gums with a soft pediatric toothbrush. Use an electric suction apparatus, if necessary, during mouth care to prevent aspiration of the oral content.

• #13 Dysphagia in Seniors: What It Is and What You Should Know | Hebrew SeniorLife

  https://www.hebrewseniorlife.org/blog/dysphagia-seniors-what-it-and-what-you-should-know

  Speech-language pathologists will recommend patient-specific interventions and mealtime safety strategies such as diet texture changes. But there are also a handful of tips we can offer as overall best practices for managing dysphagia at home: Keep your mouth clean with a stringent oral care program, which can include brushing your teeth and flossing up to three times daily. Why oral hygiene? If you have a lot of oral bacteria in your mouth, and the food or liquid you aspirate carries that into your lungs, it can contribute to developing an infection. […] If you or a loved one is showing signs of swallowing difficulties, such as coughing or choking during meals, speak to your provider about a referral to a speech-language pathologist. A speech-language pathologist can evaluate and treat dysphagia, which impacts the safety and quality of life in older adults.

• #14 Preventing Aspiration in Older Adults with Dysphagia | HIGN

  https://hign.org/consultgeri/try-this-series/preventing-aspiration-older-adults-dysphagia

  PREVENTION OF ASPIRATION DURING TUBE FEEDING: Tube feeding is not necessary for all patients who aspirate. However, in the early weeks of acute stroke, nasogastric (NG) feedings are appropriate for patients with severe dysphagia (Moran OMahony, 2015). Percutaneous gastrostomy (PEG) feedings are generally reserved for stroke patients who have persisting dysphagia at two to three weeks after the stroke (Moran OMahony, 2015). Fortunately, the removal of a feeding tube may be possible for some stroke patients due to spontaneous and/or treatment induced recovery (Wilmskoetter et al., 2017). […] PREVENTION OF ASPIRATION PNEUMONIA BY ORAL CARE: The oral cavity may constitute a reservoir of pathogenic organisms that could conceivably be aspirated and lead to aspiration pneumonia (Maeda Akagi, 2014). Good dental hygiene is important to minimize risk for aspiration pneumonia for several reasons: Missing teeth and poorly fitted dentures predispose to aspiration by interfering with chewing and swallowing. Infected teeth and poor oral hygiene predispose to pneumonia following the aspiration of contaminated oral secretions. Suggestions for mouth care are as follow (Sarin et al., 2008): Use a soft or electric toothbrush with fluoride toothpaste to clean all surfaces of the teeth and gums twice a day. For edentulous patients, gently brush the gums with a soft pediatric toothbrush. Use an electric suction apparatus, if necessary, during mouth care to prevent aspiration of the oral content.

• #15 Preventing Aspiration in Older Adults with Dysphagia | HIGN

  https://hign.org/consultgeri/try-this-series/preventing-aspiration-older-adults-dysphagia

  BEST PRACTICES: PREVENTION The primary methods used to prevent aspiration during oral intake in dysphagic stroke patients include texture modification of food/liquids and positional swallowing maneuvers, such as chin-tuck or head rotation (Smithard, 2016). Thickened liquids are easier for many patients to control intra-orally, thus preventing premature spillage into the pharynx (Murray et al., 2013). The positional swallowing maneuver prescribed for dysphagic patients varies with the type of swallowing disorder. […] PREVENTION OF ASPIRATION DURING HAND FEEDING: The following actions may be of some benefit during hand feeding: Provide a 30-minute rest period prior to feeding time; a rested person will likely have less difficulty swallowing. Sit the person upright in a chair; if confined to bed, elevate the backrest to a 90-degree angle. Implement postural changes that improve swallowing. For example, a chin-down posture is helpful for patients with a tongue base swallowing disorder (Aslam Vaesi, 2013). Adjust rate of feeding and size of bites to the persons tolerance; avoid rushed or forced feeding. Alternate solid and liquid boluses. Vary placement of food in the persons mouth according to the type of deficit. For example, food may be placed on the right side of the mouth if left facial weakness is present. Determine the food viscosity that is best tolerated by the individual. Ideally a trained dysphagia clinician (such as a speech therapist) is available to assist with this assessment. Be aware that thickened liquids are commonly used to promote safer bolus transit and better airway protection (Joyce et al., 2015). However, they may not be appropriate for all patients. Some patients may find thickened liquids unpalatable and thus drink insufficient fluids (Murray et al., 2013). Monitor and record the amount of fluids consumed. Encourage fluid intake by offering fluids between meals as well as during meals. Minimize the use of sedatives and hypnotics since these agents may impair the cough reflex and swallowing.

• #16 10 Essential Strategies for Managing Dysphagia | Medbridge

  https://www.medbridge.com/blog/10-essential-strategies-for-managing-dysphagia

  Effective management of dysphagia is crucial to prevent complications such as aspiration pneumonia, malnutrition, and dehydration. […] This strategy can help prevent aspiration pneumonia by enhancing airway protection during swallowing. […] This approach can prevent malnutrition and dehydration by ensuring more complete clearance of food residues, making swallowing more efficient and comfortable. […] Proper diet modification can help prevent aspiration, malnutrition, and dehydration, supporting patients’ overall health and well-being. […] While these strategies can significantly improve swallowing safety and efficiency, they should be integrated into a comprehensive dysphagia management plan, often in conjunction with other therapeutic interventions and regular monitoring.

• #17 Preventing Aspiration in Older Adults with Dysphagia | HIGN

  https://hign.org/consultgeri/try-this-series/preventing-aspiration-older-adults-dysphagia

  BEST PRACTICES: PREVENTION The primary methods used to prevent aspiration during oral intake in dysphagic stroke patients include texture modification of food/liquids and positional swallowing maneuvers, such as chin-tuck or head rotation (Smithard, 2016). Thickened liquids are easier for many patients to control intra-orally, thus preventing premature spillage into the pharynx (Murray et al., 2013). The positional swallowing maneuver prescribed for dysphagic patients varies with the type of swallowing disorder. […] PREVENTION OF ASPIRATION DURING HAND FEEDING: The following actions may be of some benefit during hand feeding: Provide a 30-minute rest period prior to feeding time; a rested person will likely have less difficulty swallowing. Sit the person upright in a chair; if confined to bed, elevate the backrest to a 90-degree angle. Implement postural changes that improve swallowing. For example, a chin-down posture is helpful for patients with a tongue base swallowing disorder (Aslam Vaesi, 2013). Adjust rate of feeding and size of bites to the persons tolerance; avoid rushed or forced feeding. Alternate solid and liquid boluses. Vary placement of food in the persons mouth according to the type of deficit. For example, food may be placed on the right side of the mouth if left facial weakness is present. Determine the food viscosity that is best tolerated by the individual. Ideally a trained dysphagia clinician (such as a speech therapist) is available to assist with this assessment. Be aware that thickened liquids are commonly used to promote safer bolus transit and better airway protection (Joyce et al., 2015). However, they may not be appropriate for all patients. Some patients may find thickened liquids unpalatable and thus drink insufficient fluids (Murray et al., 2013). Monitor and record the amount of fluids consumed. Encourage fluid intake by offering fluids between meals as well as during meals. Minimize the use of sedatives and hypnotics since these agents may impair the cough reflex and swallowing.

• #18 Dysphagia (Difficulty Swallowing): Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/swallowing-problems

  Dysphagia is when you find it difficult, sometimes impossible, to swallow. […] Treatment depends on the type of dysphagia you have. Sometimes, a swallowing problem will resolve itself without treatment. Other times, swallowing problems can be managed easily. Complex swallowing problems may require treatment by a specialist or several specialists. […] If you have a chewing or swallowing problem, there are several things you can do to make eating and drinking easier and safer: […] Sit upright at a 90-degree angle. […] Eat slowly. […] Cut food into small pieces and chew it thoroughly. Chew food until it becomes liquid in your mouth before swallowing. […] You may need to swallow two or three times per bite or sip. […] Drink plenty of fluids. […] Avoid foods that are tough to chew. […] Puree food in a blender. […] If thin liquids make you cough, use a liquid thickener (your speech pathologist can recommend one). Substitute thicker liquids for thin ones, such as nectar for juice and cream soup for broth. […] Crush pills and mix them with applesauce or pudding.

• #19 Swallowing | Heart and Stroke Foundation

  https://www.heartandstroke.ca/stroke/recovery-and-support/physical-changes/swallowing

  Dysphagia can put you at risk of choking or inhaling food (aspiration or silent aspiration). This can lead to pneumonia. Dysphagia can also put you at risk for not getting enough to eat (malnutrition) and not getting enough to drink (dehydration). […] If you have dysphagia, the speech language pathologist, dietitian or occupational therapist on your team will work with you. They will help develop a plan to make sure you are able to safely eat and drink. […] Some plans will recommend foods that have had their textures modified, or liquids that have been thickened to make them safer to swallow. […] Here are some safe eating tips: Make sure you are sitting up straight. Remove distractions, such as TV, radio or cell phone. Do not talk when chewing. Ask people not to ask questions or distract you when you are eating. Cut food into small bites. Use a teaspoon instead of a tablespoon to make sure you are not putting too much in your mouth at once. Chew food completely on the stronger side of your mouth. Swallow before taking the next bite. […] Make sure you drink six to eight cups a day of non-caffeinated, non-carbonated fluids that are easiest for you to swallow. Take sips often throughout the day to stay hydrated.

• #20 Preventing Aspiration in Older Adults with Dysphagia | HIGN

  https://hign.org/consultgeri/try-this-series/preventing-aspiration-older-adults-dysphagia

  BEST PRACTICES: PREVENTION The primary methods used to prevent aspiration during oral intake in dysphagic stroke patients include texture modification of food/liquids and positional swallowing maneuvers, such as chin-tuck or head rotation (Smithard, 2016). Thickened liquids are easier for many patients to control intra-orally, thus preventing premature spillage into the pharynx (Murray et al., 2013). The positional swallowing maneuver prescribed for dysphagic patients varies with the type of swallowing disorder. […] PREVENTION OF ASPIRATION DURING HAND FEEDING: The following actions may be of some benefit during hand feeding: Provide a 30-minute rest period prior to feeding time; a rested person will likely have less difficulty swallowing. Sit the person upright in a chair; if confined to bed, elevate the backrest to a 90-degree angle. Implement postural changes that improve swallowing. For example, a chin-down posture is helpful for patients with a tongue base swallowing disorder (Aslam Vaesi, 2013). Adjust rate of feeding and size of bites to the persons tolerance; avoid rushed or forced feeding. Alternate solid and liquid boluses. Vary placement of food in the persons mouth according to the type of deficit. For example, food may be placed on the right side of the mouth if left facial weakness is present. Determine the food viscosity that is best tolerated by the individual. Ideally a trained dysphagia clinician (such as a speech therapist) is available to assist with this assessment. Be aware that thickened liquids are commonly used to promote safer bolus transit and better airway protection (Joyce et al., 2015). However, they may not be appropriate for all patients. Some patients may find thickened liquids unpalatable and thus drink insufficient fluids (Murray et al., 2013). Monitor and record the amount of fluids consumed. Encourage fluid intake by offering fluids between meals as well as during meals. Minimize the use of sedatives and hypnotics since these agents may impair the cough reflex and swallowing.

• #21 Difficulty Swallowing (Dysphagia): Causes, Types & Symptoms

  https://www.healthline.com/health/difficulty-in-swallowing

  There are many texture-modified foods for people with dysphagia. […] The IDDSI standards have five levels or grades of thickening that range from grade 0, which is thin liquid, to grade 4, which is a pudding-like consistency. […] The Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services summarizes which foods to eat and which to avoid if you have swallowing difficulty. […] Dysphagia, the medical term for swallowing difficulty, can result from many different medical conditions or their treatments. […] People with dysphagia need to eat foods that have been carefully prepared so as not to present choking hazards. […] Some people with dysphagia cannot take foods orally and must use a feeding tube. The good news is that many cases of dysphagia are temporary, and a wide variety of treatments are available.

• #22 Swallowing after stroke fact sheet | Stroke Foundation – Australia

  https://strokefoundation.org.au/what-we-do/for-survivors-and-carers/after-stroke-factsheets/swallowing-after-stroke-fact-sheet

  They will let you know what to do if this happens. […] Everyone who helps you with eating, drinking and taking medicine should know how to make swallowing safe for you. The speech pathologist can provide your family and friends with information about: Food and drinks to avoid. […] How to thicken fluids and modify foods to the correct consistency. […] How to position your head and body when swallowing. […] Exercises to strengthen the muscles used for swallowing. […] Recognising signs your swallowing problem is getting worse, or that you are aspirating and what to do.

• #23 Swallowing Problems | Managing Cancer-related Side Effects | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/eating-problems/swallowing-problems.html

  Swallowing problems can affect a persons quality of life. Not being able to eat or drink enough can cause weight loss and weakness. Trouble swallowing can also make it more likely that a person will get food or liquids into their lungs (aspiration). This can lead to infection and breathing problems. […] Common causes of swallowing problems are: Head and neck cancer, Cancer treatments, such as radiation therapy or surgery to the mouth, jaw, throat, or esophagus, Mouth sores, Infection in the mouth or esophagus, Swelling or narrowing of the esophagus from the cancer or treatment, Dry mouth and not having enough saliva (spit), Hiccups, Heartburn and indigestion, When messages from the brain telling the esophagus to swallow are blocked. […] Be sure to tell your cancer care team if you are having trouble swallowing. They will ask you about your symptoms and look at your mouth and throat. They may watch you swallow to see if anything doesnt look right. You may need to have swallowing and imaging tests to look for changes. You might also need an endoscopy, which is a test that lets the doctor look down your throat.

• #24 Swallowing Problems | Managing Cancer-related Side Effects | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/eating-problems/swallowing-problems.html

  Treating the cancer if it is pushing on or blocking the esophagus. Treating an infection if is it causing swelling or causing pain with swallowing. Widening (dilating) the esophagus. Sometimes a tube (stent) is put in the esophagus to help keep it open. Using medicines to treat pain and swelling that make swallowing harder. […] Your cancer care team may suggest that you work with a speech pathologist. Many speech pathologists have special training to help people with swallowing problems. They can help you learn how to swallow better and avoid choking and gagging. […] Eating and drinking when you have swallowing problems can be hard. Your cancer care team might want you to work with a registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN) or registered dietitian (RD). […] If you are able to swallow food and liquids but have some trouble, these tips might help. Eat bland foods that are soft and smooth but high in calories and protein (such as cream-based soups, pudding, ice cream, yogurt, and milkshakes). Eat small meals and snacks throughout the day. Take small bites and swallow before taking another. Use a straw for liquids and soft foods. Try thicker liquids (such as fruit that has been pureed in the blender or liquids with added thickeners), because theyre easier to swallow than thin liquids. Sit upright to eat and drink and stay that way for a few minutes after meals. Choose foods high in calories and protein if you are losing weight. This includes eggs, milkshakes, casseroles, and nutritional shakes. Mash or puree foods (such as meats, cereals, and fresh fruits) so that theyre soft like baby food. You might need to add liquids to dry foods before blending. Dip breads in milk to soften. Refrigerate food (the cold helps numb pain) or serve cool or lukewarm. If cold foods make the pain worse, try them at room temperature. Try meal replacement or nutritional supplement beverages.

• #25 Preventing Aspiration in Older Adults with Dysphagia | HIGN

  https://hign.org/consultgeri/try-this-series/preventing-aspiration-older-adults-dysphagia

  PREVENTION OF ASPIRATION DURING TUBE FEEDING: Tube feeding is not necessary for all patients who aspirate. However, in the early weeks of acute stroke, nasogastric (NG) feedings are appropriate for patients with severe dysphagia (Moran OMahony, 2015). Percutaneous gastrostomy (PEG) feedings are generally reserved for stroke patients who have persisting dysphagia at two to three weeks after the stroke (Moran OMahony, 2015). Fortunately, the removal of a feeding tube may be possible for some stroke patients due to spontaneous and/or treatment induced recovery (Wilmskoetter et al., 2017). […] PREVENTION OF ASPIRATION PNEUMONIA BY ORAL CARE: The oral cavity may constitute a reservoir of pathogenic organisms that could conceivably be aspirated and lead to aspiration pneumonia (Maeda Akagi, 2014). Good dental hygiene is important to minimize risk for aspiration pneumonia for several reasons: Missing teeth and poorly fitted dentures predispose to aspiration by interfering with chewing and swallowing. Infected teeth and poor oral hygiene predispose to pneumonia following the aspiration of contaminated oral secretions. Suggestions for mouth care are as follow (Sarin et al., 2008): Use a soft or electric toothbrush with fluoride toothpaste to clean all surfaces of the teeth and gums twice a day. For edentulous patients, gently brush the gums with a soft pediatric toothbrush. Use an electric suction apparatus, if necessary, during mouth care to prevent aspiration of the oral content.

• #26 Dysphagia, Aspiration and Stricture – American Head & Neck Society

  https://www.ahns.info/survivorship_intro/dysphagia-aspiration-stricture/

  Dysphagia refers to difficulty swallowing. […] Maintaining balanced nutrition and proper hydration is a top priority during and after cancer treatment in order to promote proper healing and recovery with minimal complications. […] If patients cannot maintain weight with nutrition by mouth or suffer aspiration, a feeding tube may be needed. […] For patients treated with radiation or a combination of chemotherapy and radiation therapy, studies have shown that continuing to use the muscles and to stimulate the tissues of the throat during treatment results in improved swallowing function. […] It is critical that you continue to eat and drink, to the extent that you are able, throughout the duration of cancer therapy. […] Your treatment team, which typically includes a dietician and speech pathologist, will assist you in determining which foods will be easiest to swallow.

• #27 Dysphagia, Aspiration and Stricture – American Head & Neck Society

  https://www.ahns.info/survivorship_intro/dysphagia-aspiration-stricture/

  If they feel that swallow function is poor, they may recommend the use of a feeding tube in order to get enough calories. […] Even if a feeding tube is required, continuing to swallow and performing swallowing exercises is of the utmost importance. […] If you develop dysphagia it is recommended that you see a speech pathologist. […] Dysphagia therapy may involve a specific exercise program to regain strength and range of motion of swallowing structures, or training in the use of compensatory maneuvers to improve swallowing efficiency and prevent aspiration. […] Long term, most patients do very well and resume a normal or near normal diet with appropriate therapy. […] However, some patients may experience long-term swallowing issues that impact the types of foods that can be eaten. […] Scar tissue formation can affect swallowing function months to years after treatment is completed.

• #28 Trouble swallowing? Dysphagia insights for cancer patients | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancerwise/dysphagia-in-cancer-patients–what-to-know-causes-diagnosis-prevention-treatment.h00-159305412.html

  Dysphagia can be treated using a variety of methods, including exercises, postures (such as head turns or chin tucks), massage techniques and muscle manipulation. […] Ideally, you would meet with a speech-language pathologist who has experience working with cancer patients before starting treatment, so that you could receive the appropriate testing, counseling and information needed to prevent or lessen the severity of dysphagia. […] From a prevention standpoint, we’re studying the most effective (and least burdensome) ways that patients can maintain their swallowing muscles during treatment. […] We’re also partnering with surgeons and radiation oncologists to explore better ways of maintaining swallowing function, such as by reducing the amount of radiation delivered to areas without cancer. […] This ensures you’ll get the guidance needed to preserve as much swallowing function as possible.

• #29 MS and swallowing difficulties (dysphagia)

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/managing-multiple-sclerosis-dysphagia

  People can also puree or thicken certain foods or modify foods in other ways to promote safer swallowing. […] People with minor swallowing issues due to MS can consider taking the following steps: cutting food into smaller pieces and taking smaller mouthfuls, chewing well before swallowing, slowing down while eating meals, sitting upright in a straight-backed chair during meals, avoiding foods that may cause worsening symptoms, which can vary from person to person, concentrating on swallowing, taking sips of a drink between mouthfuls of food to keep the food and the throat moistened. […] In addition, the Multiple Sclerosis Foundation recommends: looking straight ahead when eating, with the chin slightly tucked, to help close the airway and send food to the right location, learning how to perform the Heimlich maneuver on oneself and teaching family members how to do it as well, refraining from talking with food in the mouth. […] Treatment options often involve lifestyle strategies to help a person swallow food more easily. A person should talk with their doctor if they have MS and are experiencing difficulties with swallowing food or drink.

• #30 Difficulty Swallowing (Dysphagia): Causes, Types & Symptoms

  https://www.healthline.com/health/difficulty-in-swallowing

  Some swallowing difficulties cant be prevented, and dysphagia treatment is necessary. […] A speech-language pathologist will perform a swallowing evaluation to diagnose your dysphagia. Once the evaluation is completed, the speech-language pathologist may recommend dietary changes, oropharyngeal swallowing exercises to strengthen muscles, alternative swallowing strategies, and posture changes that you should follow while eating. […] However, if swallowing problems are persistent, they can result in malnutrition and dehydration, especially in the very young and in older adults. […] Recurrent respiratory infections and aspiration pneumonia are also likely. All of these complications are serious and life threatening and must be treated definitively. […] You will likely coordinate your home treatment for dysphagia with your doctor, who may refer you to a speech therapist or occupational therapist. According to the NIDCD, your home treatment for dysphagia may include muscle exercises, eating in a specific position, preparing food differently, and avoiding certain foods.

• #31 Trouble Swallowing After Stroke (Dysphagia) | American Stroke Association

  https://www.stroke.org/en/about-stroke/effects-of-stroke/physical-effects/dysphagia

  Your stroke may cause a swallowing disorder called dysphagia. If not identified and managed, it can lead to poor nutrition, pneumonia and disability. […] While in the hospital after a stroke, you are screened to determine your ability to swallow safely. If you have a problem with swallowing safely, you may not be allowed to eat until a speech-language pathologist evaluates how well: […] Your health care team will also want to determine the best consistency of foods and liquids for you to swallow. Adequate nutrition is essential. If it’s not safe for you to swallow, a feeding tube may be suggested to help meet your nutritional needs. […] These common precautions may help you swallow more safely: […] Sit up straight when you eat or drink. […] Modify the texture of food (softening, chopping or pureeing), adjusting the thinness or thickness of liquids.

• #32 Trouble Swallowing After Stroke (Dysphagia) | American Stroke Association

  https://www.stroke.org/en/about-stroke/effects-of-stroke/physical-effects/dysphagia

  Take small bites and sips. […] Take your time. […] Clear all food from your mouth. […] Avoid distractions to focus on eating. […] Use positioning techniques and maneuvers to redirect the movement of the food. This information is usually provided during the course of therapy. For guidance, consult your medical team or Speech-language pathologist.

• #33 Swallowing | Heart and Stroke Foundation

  https://www.heartandstroke.ca/stroke/recovery-and-support/physical-changes/swallowing

  Dysphagia can put you at risk of choking or inhaling food (aspiration or silent aspiration). This can lead to pneumonia. Dysphagia can also put you at risk for not getting enough to eat (malnutrition) and not getting enough to drink (dehydration). […] If you have dysphagia, the speech language pathologist, dietitian or occupational therapist on your team will work with you. They will help develop a plan to make sure you are able to safely eat and drink. […] Some plans will recommend foods that have had their textures modified, or liquids that have been thickened to make them safer to swallow. […] Here are some safe eating tips: Make sure you are sitting up straight. Remove distractions, such as TV, radio or cell phone. Do not talk when chewing. Ask people not to ask questions or distract you when you are eating. Cut food into small bites. Use a teaspoon instead of a tablespoon to make sure you are not putting too much in your mouth at once. Chew food completely on the stronger side of your mouth. Swallow before taking the next bite. […] Make sure you drink six to eight cups a day of non-caffeinated, non-carbonated fluids that are easiest for you to swallow. Take sips often throughout the day to stay hydrated.

• #34 Dysphagia (Difficulty Swallowing): Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/swallowing-problems

  Dysphagia is when you find it difficult, sometimes impossible, to swallow. […] Treatment depends on the type of dysphagia you have. Sometimes, a swallowing problem will resolve itself without treatment. Other times, swallowing problems can be managed easily. Complex swallowing problems may require treatment by a specialist or several specialists. […] If you have a chewing or swallowing problem, there are several things you can do to make eating and drinking easier and safer: […] Sit upright at a 90-degree angle. […] Eat slowly. […] Cut food into small pieces and chew it thoroughly. Chew food until it becomes liquid in your mouth before swallowing. […] You may need to swallow two or three times per bite or sip. […] Drink plenty of fluids. […] Avoid foods that are tough to chew. […] Puree food in a blender. […] If thin liquids make you cough, use a liquid thickener (your speech pathologist can recommend one). Substitute thicker liquids for thin ones, such as nectar for juice and cream soup for broth. […] Crush pills and mix them with applesauce or pudding.

• #35 Dysphagia Doesn’t Have to Be a Hard Pill to Swallow | North Kansas City Hospital

  https://www.nkch.org/blog/dysphagia-doesnt-have-to-be-a-hard-pill-to-swallow

  Dysphagia Doesn’t Have to Be a Hard Pill to Swallow […] Dysphagia is a medical condition known as dysphagia, which can happen when your swallow muscles become weak or uncoordinated from age, injury or disease. […] If your swallow test indicates risk for dysphagia, your doctor may order swallow therapy. […] During therapy, your SLP may: Provide strategies for helping you swallow, which include taking smaller bites or slowing down when eating […] Recommend adding thickened liquids to your diet to help prevent liquids from entering the airway […] Show you exercises that can help strengthen your swallowing muscles. […] To relieve acid reflux, be mindful of what you eat. […] After eating, remain sitting up for at least one hour. […] Try putting the whole pill in a teaspoon of applesauce or pudding. […] Choose softer foods. Avoid dry, sticky, or crunchy foods.

• #36 7. Assessment and Management of Dysphagia and Malnutrition following Stroke | Canadian Stroke Best Practices

  https://www.strokebestpractices.ca/recommendations/stroke-rehabilitation/assessment-and-management-of-dysphagia-and-malnutrition-following-stroke

  Patients should be screened for swallowing impairment before any oral intake (e.g. medications, food, liquid) by an appropriately trained professional using a valid screening tool [Evidence Level B]. […] Abnormal results from the initial or ongoing swallowing screens should prompt referrals to a speech-language pathologist, occupational therapist, dietitian or other trained dysphagia clinicians as appropriate for more detailed bedside swallowing assessment and management of swallowing, feeding, nutritional and hydration status [Evidence Level C]. […] An individualized management plan should be developed to address therapy for dysphagia, dietary needs, and specialized nutrition plans [Evidence Level C]. […] Patients, families and caregivers should receive education on swallowing, prevention of aspiration, and feeding recommendations [Evidence Level C].

• #37 Swallowing after stroke fact sheet | Stroke Foundation – Australia

  https://strokefoundation.org.au/what-we-do/for-survivors-and-carers/after-stroke-factsheets/swallowing-after-stroke-fact-sheet

  They will let you know what to do if this happens. […] Everyone who helps you with eating, drinking and taking medicine should know how to make swallowing safe for you. The speech pathologist can provide your family and friends with information about: Food and drinks to avoid. […] How to thicken fluids and modify foods to the correct consistency. […] How to position your head and body when swallowing. […] Exercises to strengthen the muscles used for swallowing. […] Recognising signs your swallowing problem is getting worse, or that you are aspirating and what to do.

• #38 Swallowing after stroke fact sheet | Stroke Foundation – Australia

  https://strokefoundation.org.au/what-we-do/for-survivors-and-carers/after-stroke-factsheets/swallowing-after-stroke-fact-sheet

  They will let you know what to do if this happens. […] Everyone who helps you with eating, drinking and taking medicine should know how to make swallowing safe for you. The speech pathologist can provide your family and friends with information about: Food and drinks to avoid. […] How to thicken fluids and modify foods to the correct consistency. […] How to position your head and body when swallowing. […] Exercises to strengthen the muscles used for swallowing. […] Recognising signs your swallowing problem is getting worse, or that you are aspirating and what to do.

• #39 Swallowing problems | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/treatments/side-effects/swallowing-problems

  Some types of cancer or cancer treatments can affect the head and neck and make it hard to swallow. Swallowing problems can make it difficult for you to eat and drink. Swallowing problems may also be called dysphagia. […] Once the cause or causes of your swallowing problems are known, your healthcare team can suggest ways to manage them. You can also try the following to help manage swallowing problems. […] Check with your healthcare team, including a registered dietitian, for suggestions on how to deal with swallowing problems. […] A speech therapist can help you learn how to use the muscles in your mouth and throat to make swallowing easier and avoid choking and gagging when you eat. […] They may also suggest special swallowing techniques to make swallowing safe for you. […] Talk to a registered dietitian before making changes to what and how you eat to make sure it is safe for you. […] If swallowing problems become severe, your healthcare team may suggest using a feeding tube until swallowing gets easier again. A feeding tube can help you meet your nutrition needs when you find it too difficult to eat or drink, especially if you have lost a lot of weight.

• #40 Swallowing Problems | Managing Cancer-related Side Effects | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/eating-problems/swallowing-problems.html

  Let your cancer care team know if you have any of the following symptoms that might mean you have swallowing problems. Gagging, coughing, or choking more than usual, especially while eating or drinking. Problems with food sticking as it goes down. Cant swallow your medicines. Severe sore throat. Red, shiny mouth or sores in your mouth or on your tongue. Chest congestion. Not able to keep any food or fluids down for more than 24 hours.

• #41 Dysphagia Diet: Managing Foods

  https://healthlibrary.touro.com/Library/DiseasesConditions/Adult/Diabetes/3,90424

  While on a dysphagia diet, you may have trouble taking in enough fluid. This can cause dehydration, which can lead to serious health problems. Talk with your healthcare team about how you can help prevent this. […] Follow all instructions about what food and drink you can have. […] Don’t change your food or liquids, even if your swallowing gets better. Talk with your healthcare provider first. […] Call 911 or have someone else call if you have trouble breathing because of food blocking your airway. […] Call your healthcare provider right away if you have any of these: Trouble swallowing that gets worse.

• #42 7. Assessment and Management of Dysphagia and Malnutrition following Stroke | Canadian Stroke Best Practices

  https://www.strokebestpractices.ca/recommendations/stroke-rehabilitation/assessment-and-management-of-dysphagia-and-malnutrition-following-stroke

  To reduce the risk of aspiration pneumonia, patients should be permitted and encouraged to feed themselves whenever possible [Evidence Level C]. […] Patients should be given meticulous mouth and dental care and educated in the need for good oral hygiene to further reduce the risk of pneumonia [Evidence Level B]. […] In order to manage dysphagia and malnutrition post stroke organizations should ensure access to appropriately trained healthcare professionals such as speech-language pathologists, occupational therapists, and/or dietitians who can conduct in-depth assessments and recommend appropriate management to prevent malnutrition and aspiration.

• #43 Swallowing disorders and aspiration in palliative care: Definition, pathophysiology, etiology, and consequences – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/swallowing-disorders-and-aspiration-in-palliative-care-definition-pathophysiology-etiology-and-consequences/print

  Dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing, occurs frequently in serious illness, especially with malignancies of the upper aerodigestive tract; progressive neurologic disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS); Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRD); older frail adults; and the general debility that develops in patients near the end of life. […] Management of patients with an advanced, life-threatening illness who are experiencing swallowing difficulty should focus on the following palliative care principles: the primary goals are prevention and relief of suffering with an emphasis on ensuring comfort, rather than nutritional intake and hydration; the care plan should reflect the underlying life-threatening disease and be consistent with the overall goals of treatment; care is optimized by involving an interdisciplinary team whereby each clinician contributes their expert knowledge of both the underlying pathology and the patient’s goals; and the patient and family are the unit of care and their wishes and preferences should guide collaborative decision making.

• #44 Difficulty Swallowing (Dysphagia): Causes, Types & Symptoms

  https://www.healthline.com/health/difficulty-in-swallowing

  Some swallowing difficulties cant be prevented, and dysphagia treatment is necessary. […] A speech-language pathologist will perform a swallowing evaluation to diagnose your dysphagia. Once the evaluation is completed, the speech-language pathologist may recommend dietary changes, oropharyngeal swallowing exercises to strengthen muscles, alternative swallowing strategies, and posture changes that you should follow while eating. […] However, if swallowing problems are persistent, they can result in malnutrition and dehydration, especially in the very young and in older adults. […] Recurrent respiratory infections and aspiration pneumonia are also likely. All of these complications are serious and life threatening and must be treated definitively. […] You will likely coordinate your home treatment for dysphagia with your doctor, who may refer you to a speech therapist or occupational therapist. According to the NIDCD, your home treatment for dysphagia may include muscle exercises, eating in a specific position, preparing food differently, and avoiding certain foods.

• #45 Swallowing and Swallowing Disorders (Dysphagia) – Rehabilitation and Prosthetic Services

  https://www.rehab.va.gov/PROSTHETICS/SLP/Dysphagia.asp

  Eating a meal with your family or a friend is a social and pleasurable experience. […] Difficulty swallowing or dysphagia (the medical term for difficulty or inability to swallow) may significantly impact health, nutrition, hydration, coordination of breathing, and isolation. […] The primary goal of the Intensive Dysphagia Treatment Program is to restore or maintain safe and effective swallow function. […] The Intensive Dysphagia Treatment Program offers Veterans a greater choice and easier access to targeted rehabilitation and follow-up care for swallowing problems. […] To begin treatment for dysphagia: Enroll for care at a VA Medical Center, Complete an evaluation with a speech-language pathologist, Agreement to participate in an 8-week home exercise program focused on swallowing.

• #46 NHS Forth Valley – Dysphagia (Swallowing Problems)

  https://nhsforthvalley.com/health-services/az-of-services/dietetics/dysphagia-swallowing-problems/

  Dysphagia means difficulty swallowing. […] If you or someone you care for is having difficulty swallowing then they should be referred to a Speech Language Therapist (SLT) for an assessment. The SLT will recommend food and drink textures which are safest and easiest to swallow. […] People with dysphagia may also be referred to a Dietitian (specialist in nutrition). They will provide advice about changes to the texture of food and make sure that the diet is as nourishing as possible. In severe cases of dysphagia, the Dietitian might suggest a feeding tube to provide nutrition for someone while they are recovering the ability to swallow or if they are at risk of malnutrition. […] The patient handouts provide easy-to-read information about the IDDSI levels, their testing methods and include examples of foods for each level and food textures to avoid. […] The handouts can be used by people who have feeding, chewing or swallowing problems, their caregivers and clinicians. They are available in various different languages.

• #47 Swallowing Problems in the Elderly: Prevention and Management.

  https://www.norms.in/blog/swallowing-problems-in-the-elderly-prevention-and-management/

  Consult a Speech-Language Pathologist (SLP): Thus, SLPs are taught to identify dysphagia and agreeable swallowing tactics, treating their clients by designing special exercises and strategies. […] Dietary Modifications: Many elderly people require changes to their diet, meaning their food should be ground, chopped, or pureed, their liquids should be thick, and they should eat in smaller portions. A dietitian can help offer counselling on the kind of meals that are healthy yet can be prepared and taken safely. […] Proper Positioning: Maintaining an appropriate body posture while consuming food can help prevent aspiration (food or liquid) into the lungs. […] Swallowing Exercises: Speaking to a specialist, one can identify particular exercises that will assist in enabling the throat muscles, making swallowing easier.

• #48 Dysphagia (Difficulty Swallowing): Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/digestive-health/difficulty-swallowing-dysphagia

  There are various causes of dysphagia (difficulty swallowing). See your doctor as soon as possible if you develop dysphagia. […] You should report any degree of dysphagia to your doctor – no matter how mild. Dysphagia is a symptom that always needs to be explained and diagnosed correctly. […] See a doctor promptly. It is very important to obtain a correct diagnosis as soon as possible. […] The treatment for dysphagia depends on the cause. Follow the links to individual leaflets on the various diseases that can cause difficulty swallowing (dysphagia). Speech and language therapy assessment and treatment can be very useful, especially when treating patients who have had strokes, have dementia or who have other oropharyngeal causes for their dysphagia. […] Swallowing disorders may make it difficult to take in enough food and/or drink, resulting in malnutrition or lack of fluid in the body (dehydration). It may make it difficult to take necessary medication, which may go on to cause further medical problems. It leads to a risk of food 'going down the wrong way’ (aspiration) towards the lungs instead of the stomach. This can cause choking or pneumonia.

• #49 Difficulty Swallowing (Dysphagia): Causes, Types & Symptoms

  https://www.healthline.com/health/difficulty-in-swallowing

  Some swallowing difficulties cant be prevented, and dysphagia treatment is necessary. […] A speech-language pathologist will perform a swallowing evaluation to diagnose your dysphagia. Once the evaluation is completed, the speech-language pathologist may recommend dietary changes, oropharyngeal swallowing exercises to strengthen muscles, alternative swallowing strategies, and posture changes that you should follow while eating. […] However, if swallowing problems are persistent, they can result in malnutrition and dehydration, especially in the very young and in older adults. […] Recurrent respiratory infections and aspiration pneumonia are also likely. All of these complications are serious and life threatening and must be treated definitively. […] You will likely coordinate your home treatment for dysphagia with your doctor, who may refer you to a speech therapist or occupational therapist. According to the NIDCD, your home treatment for dysphagia may include muscle exercises, eating in a specific position, preparing food differently, and avoiding certain foods.

• #50 Dysphagia (Difficulty Swallowing): Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/swallowing-problems

  Dysphagia is when you find it difficult, sometimes impossible, to swallow. […] Treatment depends on the type of dysphagia you have. Sometimes, a swallowing problem will resolve itself without treatment. Other times, swallowing problems can be managed easily. Complex swallowing problems may require treatment by a specialist or several specialists. […] If you have a chewing or swallowing problem, there are several things you can do to make eating and drinking easier and safer: […] Sit upright at a 90-degree angle. […] Eat slowly. […] Cut food into small pieces and chew it thoroughly. Chew food until it becomes liquid in your mouth before swallowing. […] You may need to swallow two or three times per bite or sip. […] Drink plenty of fluids. […] Avoid foods that are tough to chew. […] Puree food in a blender. […] If thin liquids make you cough, use a liquid thickener (your speech pathologist can recommend one). Substitute thicker liquids for thin ones, such as nectar for juice and cream soup for broth. […] Crush pills and mix them with applesauce or pudding.

• #51 Aspiration from Dysphagia | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/a/aspiration-from-dysphagia.html

  You can reduce your risk of aspiration by: […] Taking good care of your mouth and teeth […] Getting dental treatment (such as dentures) when needed […] Taking medicines as advised […] Stopping smoking […] Sitting with good posture when eating and drinking […] Doing oral exercises as advised by the SLP […] Making changes to your diet as advised by the SLP […] Asking your healthcare provider for other advice to prevent aspiration in your case.

• #52 Difficulty Swallowing (Dysphagia) | Marengo Asia CIMS Hospital – Best Hospital in Ahmedabad

  https://www.cims.org/difficulty-swallowing-dysphagia/

  Dysphagia can lead to complications such as malnutrition, dehydration, weight loss, and aspiration pneumonia if not properly managed. To prevent complications and improve swallowing function: […] Maintain Good Oral Hygiene: Regular brushing, flossing, and dental check-ups can help prevent oral infections that may contribute to dysphagia. […] Eating Habits: Take small bites, chew food thoroughly, and eat slowly to aid in swallowing and reduce the risk of choking. […] Proper Body Positioning: Sit upright during meals and maintain good posture to promote better swallowing. […] Stay Hydrated: Drink sufficient fluids throughout the day to prevent dryness and facilitate swallowing. […] Dysphagia can lead to complications such as malnutrition, dehydration, aspiration pneumonia, and reduced quality of life if left untreated. The Marengo Asia Hospitals focuses on comprehensive care to minimize complications and improve swallowing function. They emphasize the following preventive techniques:

• #53 Mission & Purpose | National Foundation of Swallowing Disorders – A community for those impacted by dysphagia

  https://swallowingdisorderfoundation.com/about/mission-purpose/

  Our commitment is to provide patient hope and improve the quality of life for those suffering from all types of swallowing disorders. By enhancing direct patient support, education, research, and raising public, professional, and governmental awareness, our mission is to advance the prevention and treatment of swallowing disorders in our lifetime. […] Education is crucial for patients and caregivers. We provide informative resources to better understand swallowing disorders and their management. […] Raising awareness about swallowing disorders is vital. We engage in public campaigns to educate communities about the impact of dysphagia.

• #54 Dysphagia and PFD: swallowing challenges in children

  https://www.feedingmatters.org/dysphagia-and-pfd/

  Yes, with appropriate intervention and therapy, many children with dysphagia can see improvements in their swallowing function. The extent of improvement depends on the underlying cause and the child’s condition. Early intervention is key to better outcomes. […] We continue to uncover evidence that early intervention and prevention strategies can significantly reduce the severity of the condition.

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